第一篇：中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話

中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話

中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話（中英對照）

感謝各位出席今晚的招待會。此時我百感交集。二十世紀20年代時任中國駐英國的公使是顧維鈞，是我非常敬仰的一位外交家。當有人問他中國人最殘酷的一句話是什么時，他說：天下沒有不散的筵席。離任就像是席末杯中的那最后一口酒，甘醇中已經有了些許的苦澀。

作為外交官，又是蒙古族人，我是個天生的游牧者，似乎一生都在不斷地履新和離別之間徘徊。在布加勒斯特、金邊、雅加達、馬尼拉和堪培拉，都有過美好的歲月，而每次告別都依依不舍?，F在即將離開倫敦和英國，心里更充滿了難舍的眷戀。我會懷念在這里結交的許多好朋友，正是在他們的支持和幫助下，我才得以更好地了解英國和英國人民。

三年來，我走過英國許多的城鎮和街巷，著名中國作家王蒙曾寫道：抵達倫敦如同抵達一幅早已熟悉的油畫。我深有同感。英國的生活豐富多彩，無論是在如同隔世的劇場里欣賞名劇，還是足球場上狂熱的喝彩，抑或是賽馬場里激奮的人群，都令人印象深刻，使我感受到英國人對生活的認真和考究。

不少人問我，最留戀英國的是什么？與許多中國人一樣，我從小就接觸到英國文學，有幸在這里追尋名著作者的足跡，簡·奧斯汀臨窗撰寫《傲慢與偏見》的小圓桌在我的腦海里留下深深的印記；博朗蒂姐妹汲取靈感的荒原引發我無限的遐想；威廉·華茲華斯靜謐的湖畔故居讓我流連忘返。這都使我觸摸到英國的文化精華，也是將中國眾多游客源源不斷吸引來的文化魅力。

在我任內的三年，兩國關系穩步發展。胡錦濤主席和溫家寶總理分別來到英國，布朗首相也訪問過北京。兩國的領導人和部長之間還經常性會晤或打電話，次數之多，幾乎數不清了。兩國地方之間的交流也日趨頻繁。3年來，中國在英投資增長了6倍，留學生和游客人數也在以雙位數增長。聽說，去年中國游客在邦德街的購物金額增長了一倍半多。英國保持了歐盟對華最大投資國和第三大貿易伙伴的地位。去年夏天在北京休假期間，我想挑選一張床墊，最終相中的那款竟然是一個英國19世紀的品牌。

“英國設計”這幾個字在中國是相當有分量的。英國不僅僅是世界金融中心，我訪問過英國中東部和中西部地區，對該地區企業世界領先的創意設計能力印象深刻。這與中國強大的制造能力形成了很強的互補，雙方應該加強合作，開發巨大的合作潛力。

中英伙伴關系的民眾基礎在不斷加強。在英中貿協、四十八家集團俱樂部、筷子俱樂部等眾多的工商、教育和民間友好團體的推動下，英國民眾對中國產生了濃厚的興趣，也創造了眾多的商機，我們應該繼續推動這一良好的勢頭。記得不久前出席特色學校校長年會的時候了解到，英國特色學校聯盟的目標是給所有想學中文的孩子提供中文課程，充分說明兩國關系的民眾基礎是深厚的。英國民眾在2008年地震后對中國的關心和慷慨幫助令我終身難忘。記得當時一個19歲的男孩Issac Lewis從威爾士家鄉步行240英里，一路籌款到倫敦來。我對雙邊關系的前景非常樂觀。

但是，今天既然是在朋友們中間，我也想說，過去的三年也是我外交生涯最為波瀾起伏的一段經歷。每當兩國不能達到彼此的要求或出現意見不一致時，英方會傾向于評判和指責中國。每次遇到問題和困難，我都試圖從兩國的歷史智慧中尋求靈感，與英國同事一道，通過坦誠溝通找到化解分歧的思路，維護雙邊關系穩定發展的大局。

西方需要做出是否接受中國作為平等伙伴的決斷，做伙伴就意味著在出現問題的時候，要接觸對話，而不是批評說教。英方不能葉公好龍，表面上說歡迎中國崛起，但實際上并不了解中國。如果西方對華接觸的目標是改變中國，那西方就永遠不會滿意，雙方在國際合作中也難以同心協力。中國正處在改革的進程中，世界上有哪一個大國能像中國這樣把改革作為國家的根本政策方向？這正是因為我們認識到自己有許多需要改進之處。但中國的改革將以自己的方式按自己的步伐進行，改革的目標是服務中國人民的利益，而不是為了滿足西方的要求。

只有盡快消除成見，更好地了解中國，雙方才能認識到彼此的不同和多元化，才能建立以理解和尊重為基礎的穩固的雙邊關系。中國也需要努力學習如何更好地向世界介紹自己，我給同事們留下的建議是：溝通，溝通，再溝通。這對于中英兩國尤為重要，因為兩國關系已經超出了雙邊范疇，越來越需要在全球性問題上更緊密地合作。

即將離開英國的時刻，工作上有了一些句號，做成了一些事情，但是也有不少“逗號”，不少工作還沒有完成，還有一些“問號”。但是我對中英關系的堅定承諾沒有改變，相信在雙方共同努力下，中英關系的明天將更加美好。我希望各位熱烈歡迎我的繼任劉曉明大使，一如既往地支持他的工作。我也要感謝使館的同事在過去3年里給我的大力支持，感謝海德飯店為我們今天的酒會提供這樣好的場地。

下周一我就要離開倫敦了。臨走之前，我會最后一次去公園慢跑，最后一次到牛津街漫步。人還未離開，已經開始想念英國了。希望我們的友誼長存。

Thank you for coming this evening-this is a bitter sweet occasion for me.In the 1920s, the Chinese envoy to the UK was Gu Weijun, a great diplomat whom I highly admire.When he was asked what was the most cruel Chinese saying, he quoted this proverb: 'However grand the feast, it always has to end'.Leaving London for me, is like savoring the last sip of wine at the end of this party, still warm, but already tempered with a little sadness.As a diplomat and someone who is ethnically Mongolian, I am a natural nomad.My career took me to many places across the world, Bucharest, Phnom Penh, Jakarta, Manila, and Canberra.Leaving was always a difficult thing to do, but leaving here seems even more so.I will miss the many friends I have met here and colleagues I worked with in the UK, who have supported me and helped me to understand Britain and its people.In the past 3 years, I walked many streets and countryside across Britain.What I felt can best be expressed by a quotation from a famous Chinese writer Wang Meng.He wrote: 'coming to London is like walking into a familiar oil painting'.British life is exciting and diverse.Whether it was watching a play, cheering for a football team, or watching horse racing, it was always enjoyable and exiting.The charm and maturity of the British style has not been lost on me.Like many Chinese, British literature was part of my education.Being here has given me the luxury of tracing the roots of some famous names.The little round table under the window where Jane Austen wrote, including Pride and Prejudice, is printed on my memory.The open moor which so inspired Bronte sisters gave me much to think.The quiet lakeside home of William Wordsworth took me hours to walk through.This is quintessentially British, the charm of culture that is a magnet for countless Chinese.My 3 years in London have seen stable development of relations between the two

countries.The Chinese President and Premier visited here and PM Brown went to Beijing.In addition, leaders and ministers met and called each other so many times that I almost lost count.There is also increasing visits from all the provinces.Chinese investment in the UK grew almost 6-fold.The numbers of Chinese students and tourists are increasing at double digit numbers.I was told that the money spent by Chinese shopping on Bond street almost doubled last year.Britain maintained its position as the largest EU investor in China and the third largest EU trading partner for China.During my summer holiday in Beijing, I went shopping for a mattress and the one I eventually bought turned out to be a brand name from 19th century Britain.The word “British designed” carries strong weight in China.During my visits to the Midlands, company after company have opened my eyes to Britain's role as a leading

creative powerhouse in the world, in addition to being a global financial center, which fits nicely with Chinese manufacturing power.Both sides need to work harder to tap this potential.China and British partnership is increasingly underpinned by support amongst our people.Organizations like CBBC, the 48 group club and many other educational and friendship groups have created a wealth of interest and business opportunities which needs to continue and grow over the coming years.I have also seen the interest in China amongst the British media and public grow in front of my eyes.I was told by the SSAT that their ambition is to provide every child in Britain the chance to study mandarin if they want to.And the outpouring of sympathy and support to China after the earthquake in Sichuan in 2008 was without doubt, the most moving experience during my stay.A 19 year old boy named Isaac Lewis walked from his home in Wales all the way to London to collect donations along the way.Therefore, I am very optimistic about the outlook of our relations.Having said all that, since I am with friends, I have to say the past three years have also seen more than their fair share of highs and lows.I found the great temptation is to judge and criticize when we do not meet or agree with each other's preferences.Each time problems occur, I have tried to draw inspiration from the historical wisdom of our two countries, and worked with my counter part to steer a way through candid dialogue, not losing sight of the larger interests of our two countries.But I think, the West needs to decide whether it's going to accept China as an equal and take China as it is.To do this it must engage and discuss rather than lecturing when

problems occur.There is a story in Chinese called Mr Ye liking the dragon.Mr Ye is a great fan of the dragon.He had the dragon on his clothes, in his home and indeed everything around him.One day the dragon heard of this and decided to pay him a visit.When the dragon suddenly appeared, Mr Ye was so scared that he fainted.This is a story about liking something, but not necessarily really understanding it.If the West's policy objective towards China is to change it in the image of the West, it may never be satisfied.China is in the middle of reforms.Seldom does one see a major country whose professed objective is to reform itself.This is because we realize that they are still many areas that still leave room for improvement.China will continue to do so at its own pace and in its own way, not because the West wants it, but for the interest of the Chinese people.The sooner stereotyping of China gets replaced by a wider understanding, the sooner we will be able to recognize our differences and diversity and build a strong relationship based on understanding and respect.We in China also need to learn how to better explain ourselves to the world.My message to my colleagues is always: communicate, communicate and communicate.This is particularly important for China and UK as our relations are growing beyond the bilateral level and we more and more need to work together on global issues.As I leave this country, I achieved some full stops in my work.There are still quite a few commas and unfinished business.There are even some question marks.But my

commitment to the China-Britain partnership remains unchanged and I am confident of a better tomorrow.On a personal note I hope that my successor Ambassador Liu Xiaoming receives the great welcome and support I have had and I would like to thank my great embassy team for the support over the last three years.My thanks also go to Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park Hotel, which has provided such a nice setting for tonight's reception.I am flying out next Monday.I will be trying to take my last jog in the park and walk on Oxford Street for the last time.I am already missing Britain.May I wish our friendship last forever.

第二篇：中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話

中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話

中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話（中英對照）

感謝各位出席今晚的招待會。此時我百感交集。二十世紀20年代時任中國駐英國的公使是顧維鈞，是我非常敬仰的一位外交家。當有人問他中國人最殘酷的一句話是什么時，他說：天下沒有不散的筵席。離任就像是席末杯中的那最后一口酒，甘醇中已經有了些許的苦澀。

作為外交官，又是蒙古族人，我是個天生的游牧者，似乎一生都在不斷地履新和離別之間徘徊。在布加勒斯特、金邊、雅加達、馬尼拉和堪培拉，都有過美好的歲月，而每次告別都依依不舍?，F在即將離開倫敦和英國，心里更充滿了難舍的眷戀。我會懷念在這里結交的許多好朋友，正是在他們的支持和幫助下，我才得以更好地了解英國和英國人民。

三年來，我走過英國許多的城鎮和街巷，著名中國作家王蒙曾寫道：抵達倫敦如同抵達一幅早已熟悉的油畫。我深有同感。英國的生活豐富多彩，無論是在如同隔世的劇場里欣賞名劇，還是足球場上狂熱的喝彩，抑或是賽馬場里激奮的人群，都令人印象深刻，使我感受到英國人對生活的認真和考究。

不少人問我，最留戀英國的是什么？與許多中國人一樣，我從小就接觸到英國文學，有幸在這里追尋名著作者的足跡，簡·奧斯汀臨窗撰寫《傲慢與偏見》的小圓桌在我的腦海里留下深深的印記；博朗蒂姐妹汲取靈感的荒原引發我無限的遐想；威廉·華茲華斯靜謐的湖畔故居讓我流連忘返。這都使我觸摸到英國的文化精華，也是將中國眾多游客源源不斷吸引來的文化魅力。

在我任內的三年，兩國關系穩步發展。胡錦濤主席和溫家寶總理分別來到英國，布朗首相也訪問過北京。兩國的領導人和部長之間還經常性會晤或打電話，次數之多，幾乎數不清了。兩國地方之間的交流也日趨頻繁。3年來，中國在英投資增長了6倍，留學生和游客人數也在以雙位數增長。聽說，去年中國游客在邦德街的購物金額增長了一倍半多。英國保持了歐盟對華最大投資國和

中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話

西方需要做出是否接受中國作為平等伙伴的決斷，做伙伴就意味著在出現問題的時候，要接觸對話，而不是批評說教。英方不能葉公好龍，表面上說歡迎中國崛起，但實際上并不了解中國。如果西方對華接觸的目標是改變中國，那西方就永遠不會滿意，雙方在國際合作中也難以同心協力。中國正處在改革的進程中，世界上有哪一個大國能像中國這樣把改革作為國家的根本政策方向？這正是因為我們認識到自己有許多需要改進之處。但中國的改革將以自己的方式按自己的步伐進行，改革的目標是服務中國人民的利益，而不是為了滿足西方的要求。

只有盡快消除成見，更好地了解中國，雙方才能認識到彼此的不同和多元化，才能建立以理解和尊重為基礎的穩固的雙邊關系。中國也需要努力學習如何更好地向世界介紹自己，我給同事們留下的建議是：溝通，溝通，再溝通。這對于中英兩國尤為重要，因為兩國關系已經超出了雙邊范疇，越來越需要在全球性問題上更緊密地合作。

即將離開英國的時刻，工作上有了一些句號，做成了一些事情，但是也有不少“逗號”，不少工作還沒有完成，還有一些“問號”。但是我對中英關系的堅定承諾沒有改變，相信在雙方共同努力下，中英關系的明天將更加美好。我希望各位熱烈歡迎我的繼任劉曉明大使，一如既往地支持他的工作。我也要感謝使館的同事在過去3年里給我的大力支持，感謝海德飯店為我們今天的酒會提供這樣好的場地。

下周一我就要離開倫敦了。臨走之前，我會最后一次去公園慢跑，最后一次到牛津街漫步。人還未離開，已經開始想念英國了。希望我們的友誼長存。

Thank you for coming this evening-this is a bitter sweet occasion for me.In the 1920s, the Chinese envoy to the UK was Gu Weijun, a great diplomat whom I highly admire.When he was asked what was the most cruel Chinese saying, he quoted this proverb: 'However grand the feast, it always has to end'.Leaving London for me, is like savoring the last sip of wine at the end of this party, still warm, but already tempered with a little sadness.As a diplomat and someone who is ethnically Mongolian, I am a natural nomad.My career took me to many places across the world, Bucharest, Phnom Penh, Jakarta, Manila, and Canberra.Leaving was always a difficult thing to do, but leaving here seems even more so.I will miss the many friends I have met here and colleagues I worked with in the UK, who have supported me and helped me to understand Britain and its people.In the past 3 years, I walked many streets and countryside across Britain.What I felt can best be expressed by a quotation from a famous Chinese writer Wang Meng.He wrote: 'coming to London is like walking into a familiar oil painting'.British life is exciting and diverse.Whether it was watching a play, cheering for a football team, or watching horse racing, it was always enjoyable and exiting.The charm and maturity of the British style has not been lost on me.Like many Chinese, British literature was part of my education.Being here has given me the luxury of tracing the roots of some famous names.The little round table under the window where Jane Austen wrote, including Pride and Prejudice, is printed on my memory.

中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話

The open moor which so inspired Bronte sisters gave me much to think.The quiet lakeside home of William Wordsworth took me hours to walk through.This is quintessentially British, the charm of culture that is a magnet for countless Chinese.My 3 years in London have seen stable development of relations between the two countries.The Chinese President and Premier visited here and PM Brown went to Beijing.In addition, leaders and ministers met and called each other so many times that I almost lost count.There is also increasing visits from all the provinces.Chinese investment in the UK grew almost 6-fold.The numbers of Chinese students and tourists are increasing at double digit numbers.I was told that the money spent by Chinese shopping on Bond street almost doubled last year.Britain maintained its position as the largest EU investor in China and the third largest EU trading partner for China.During my summer holiday in Beijing, I went shopping for a mattress and the one I eventually bought turned out to be a brand name from 19th century Britain.The word “British designed” carries strong weight in China.During my visits to the Midlands, company after company have opened my eyes to Britain's role as a leading creative powerhouse in the world, in addition to being a global financial center, which fits nicely with Chinese manufacturing power.Both sides need to work harder to tap this potential.China and British partnership is increasingly underpinned by support amongst our people.Organizations like CBBC, the 48 group club and many other educational and friendship groups have created a wealth of interest and business opportunities which needs to continue and grow over the coming years.I have also seen the interest in China amongst the British media and public grow in front of my eyes.I was told by the SSAT that their ambition is to provide every child in Britain the chance to study mandarin if they want to.And the outpouring of sympathy and support to China after the earthquake in Sichuan in 2008 was without doubt, the most moving experience during my stay.A 19 year old boy named Isaac Lewis walked from his home in Wales all the way to London to collect donations along the way.Therefore, I am very optimistic about the outlook of our relations.Having said all that, since I am with friends, I have to say the past three years have also seen more than their fair share of highs and lows.I found the great temptation is to judge and criticize when we do not meet or agree with each other's preferences.

中國駐英國大使傅穎的離任講話

Each time problems occur, I have tried to draw inspiration from the historical wisdom of our two countries, and worked with my counter part to steer a way through candid dialogue, not losing sight of the larger interests of our two countries.But I think, the West needs to decide whether it's going to accept China as an equal and take China as it is.To do this it must engage and discuss rather than lecturing when problems occur.There is a story in Chinese called Mr Ye liking the dragon.Mr Ye is a great fan of the dragon.He had the dragon on his clothes, in his home and indeed everything around him.One day the dragon heard of this and decided to pay him a visit.When the dragon suddenly appeared, Mr Ye was so scared that he fainted.This is a story about liking something, but not necessarily really understanding it.If the West's policy objective towards China is to change it in the image of the West, it may never be satisfied.China is in the middle of reforms.Seldom does one see a major country whose professed objective is to reform itself.This is because we realize that they are still many areas that still leave room for improvement.China will continue to do so at its own pace and in its own way, not because the West wants it, but for the interest of the Chinese people.The sooner stereotyping of China gets replaced by a wider understanding, the sooner we will be able to recognize our differences and diversity and build a strong relationship based on understanding and respect.We in China also need to learn how to better explain ourselves to the world.My message to my colleagues is always: communicate, communicate and communicate.This is particularly important for China and UK as our relations are growing beyond the bilateral level and we more and more need to work together on global issues.As I leave this country, I achieved some full stops in my work.There are still quite a few commas and unfinished business.There are even some question marks.But my commitment to the China-Britain partnership remains unchanged and I am confident of a better tomorrow.On a personal note I hope that my successor Ambassador Liu Xiaoming receives the great welcome and support I have had and I would like to thank my great embassy team for the support over the last three years.My thanks also go to Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park Hotel, which has provided such a nice setting for tonight's reception.I am flying out next Monday.I will be trying to take my last jog in the park and walk on Oxford Street for the last time.I am already missing Britain.May I wish our friendship last forever.

第三篇：5月28日駐英國大使的講話

5月28日，中國駐英國大使劉曉明在慶祝中英建交40周年給英國商界領袖的講話，非常禮貌，非常有邏輯。不過，整個講話充滿了‘火藥味’。這種火藥味，聞起來不一定舒服，但你不得不叫絕稱贊。

劉曉明是真正的外交家，是中國的鐵漢。不管是站在中國人的立場上，還是占在英國人的立場上，我為他叫絕，許多英國人也不得不為他叫絕。

劉曉明厲害之處，不是他的‘鐵血’胸懷，毫無道理的批評英國最近一些讓中國人不爽的做法，而是他公開的挑明兩國的厲害關系。

他開門見山，承認40年中央關系的風風雨雨，包括70年代兩國恢復大使級的外交關系，80年代中英對香港的和平過渡和回歸大陸達成一致意見，最后是90年代到本世紀的雙邊關系，主要是貿易、投資、科教、文化、藝術和民間交往的雙贏。

在沒有明確指出兩國最近出現一些不愉快關系之前，劉曉明用了兩句英語過去式句子，表述兩件已經發生了的事情：（1）中英高層民間對話的開始，（2）中國啟動了‘今日英國’項目。

他還巧妙的用了兩句過去式句子來表達本來準備要做，但是沒有做的事情：（1）本來準備今年晚些時候要舉辦的一系列對話和互訪活動，（2）本來準備多層次的貿易、投資、金融和文化的雙邊關系。

后面這兩句過去式，可以說把英語的精髓用到了極致。一般人看來好像是兩件即將發生的好事情，聽起來非常悅耳。但是，真實的含義卻是給中英關系鋪上了一層冰，巧妙的、委婉的、但卻是非常有殺傷力的對英國政府表明：中國已經取消了這些計劃。

接下來，劉大使話鋒一轉，毫不客氣的說，中央關系，現在正在面對挑戰。而產生麻煩的不是中國，而是英國政府的一些言論和做法觸發到了中國人民、中國政府的‘外交紅線’。

劉大使把中國外交政策的4條紅線明確的劃出來：

（1）確?；镜膰殷w系

（2）保護國家安全

（3）保證國家的主權和領土完整

（4）確保可持續和穩定的經濟社會發展

劉曉明指出，不管那個國家和政府觸發了這些‘外交政策’紅線，中國政府必然堅決抵制和反擊，沒有客氣可言。他的這句話，是真正鐵漢的外交辭令，令人嘆服。

劉大使不是簡單的劃了4條外交紅線，他還巧妙的引用19世紀曾經兩度當過英國首相的帕爾姆斯通公爵的一句名言，‘國家沒有永久的朋友或盟友，只有永遠的利益?！?/p>

這個引用，起到三種奇妙的效果：（1）以其人之道還治其人之身，（2）表明自己不僅睿智，而且精通英國人文歷史，（3）提醒英國政府，不要自欺欺人，利益才是根本。

哪么，什么是中英兩國的共同利益呢？

劉曉明簡明扼要的列舉如下：·（1）增加貿易，（2）增加投資，（3）促進兩國經濟發展，（4）促進雙邊教育，文化和科技的合作，（5）加強人民之間的聯系。.劉曉明認為，政客（politicians）的目光是短淺的，他們只是為了滿足短期選民的投票，置國家的長遠利益于不顧。政治家（statesman）是有智慧的，有理性的領袖，他們能夠以國家的長遠利益為重，不以一時的痛快而傷害國家之間長期的合作和發展。

劉大使更厲害的一手是他明確提出，中英兩國有明顯的差別，所以，政治家們在做任何事情，都必須考慮這些差別，否則，就可能做出錯誤的決策和行動。

這些差別包括：（1）歷史，（2）文化，（3）價值觀，（4）社會系統，（5）發展階段。

.正因為中英兩國在這些方面有明顯的差別，兩國領導人必須互相理解這些差別。中國政府不把這些差別作為兩國外交關系的障礙，英國政府也不應該把這些關系當成兩國關系的障礙。

劉大使的這一觀點，使他的講話不僅犀利，而且非常符合邏輯。他不僅具有鐵漢外交官的手腕，更具有鐵漢外交官的睿智。在流露出鋒芒的同時，提出解決問題和破冰前進的建議和方法。

附件：劉曉明大使5月28日的講話原文如下。

Sir David Brewer，Chairman Stephen Perry，Chairman Richard Reid，Lord Howe，Ladies and Gentlemen，I am delighted to once again join all you friends from the British business community.I want to thank you most warmly for hosting such a grand dinner.This is a very meaningful way to mark forty years of full diplomatic relations between China and UK.In this special year for China-UK relations, it is appropriate to refresh old friendships and make new ones.More importantly, it is the time to learn from the past and so create a stronger future.It is the time to build on the progress made and work for greater achievements.In this fortieth year of relations I was encouraged we made a good start.Here are some examples:

· Mr.Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China and State Councilor Madame Liu Yandong successfully visited the UK last month.Many of you present here attended the relevant events.·

The

China-UK

high

level people-to-people dialogue was launched.· The UK Now project was unveiled in China.· We were preparing for a series of important dialogues and visits scheduled for later this year.· We were planning for multiple

and

exchanges

in

trade, and

finance，cultural cooperation investment, people-to-people links.· We look forward to the London Olympic Games becoming another highlight in our bilateral relations.These are all positive trends.However, there are always some forces working against our joined efforts to build warm relations.· These forces dislike the dynamic growth of China-UK relations.· They have trifled away the progress made through hard efforts.· They have wasted the rare opportunities in our bilateral ties.· This is why we now face an undesirable situation in our relations.This is not the first time we have encountered difficulties.History shows a variable climate in the past four decades.We have experienced both storms and calm sunshine.Our relationship has never been plain sailing.We have often had to travel on a bumpy road.Some of you may recall two months ago a reception at the Chinese Embassy.At that time I mainly talked about achievements in these past 40 years.This evening I will focus on the lessons we should draw from those four decades.Learning lessons from the past will help us avoid roller-coasters in our relations.This approach could remove many bumps from the road we will travel along.To drive home my message, I will quote a famous British statesman.Lord Palmerston twice served as British Prime Minister in the 19th century.However, he is best remembered for his direction of British foreign policy.One of his famous quotes says:

“Nations have no permanent friends or allies, they only have permanent interests.”

This indicates that securing 'interests' is an enduring goal of British foreign policy.There is no doubt that interests are critical to the development of any country.Yet interests differ in nature and need to be treated accordingly.This means we must have a good knowledge about two questions:

· What are the interests involved in China-UK relations?

· How should we properly handle these interests?

To address these questions, I believe the following three points are essential.First, we should advance common interests.We have success stories in this aspect.In the 1970s, opposing world hegemony, and power expansion, served the common interests of China and UK.To advance these interests, relations.In the 1980s, maintaining stability and prosperity in Hong Kong represented our common interests.Through negotiations, we signed the Joint Declaration over Hong Kong.This milestone document laid a solid foundation for the final solution for the future of Hong Kong.Lord Howe was one of those who made important contributions to this historical achievement.Today, common interests of China and UK cover broader areas.At a bilateral level, our shared interests lie in:

· Increasing trade.· Expanding two-way investment.· Boosting growth of both economies.· Stepping up cooperation in education, our

two

countries

overcame difficulties and established ambassadorial culture and science and technology

· And strengthening people-to-people links.At a global level, the world economy is full of uncertainties.The international landscape is going through profound changes.So, our common interests are defined as:

· Working together for world peace, stability and prosperity

· And jointly tackling common challenges facing all mankind.China-UK relations can only keep growing when both nations are truly committed to a Sino-UK comprehensive strategic partnership and common interests of the two countries.My second point is that we should respect each other's interests.China and UK are different in many ways.We are different in:

· History.· Culture.· Values.· Social system

· And development stage

It should be no surprise that we have different national interests.As a developing country, China considers the following as its core interests:

· Preserving its basic state system.· Defending its national security.· Safeguarding its sovereignty and territorial integrity

· And ensuring sustained and stable economic and social development.These interests are the 'red line' of China's foreign policy.They shall not be crossed by any foreign country.Any attempt to support and connive at anti-China separatist forces hurts China's core interests.Whatever the excuses, such moves will meet firm opposition from China.China will not do anything to undermine Britain's national interests.So it is perfectly reasonable that Britain should also respect China's national interests.If that is not the case then bilateral ties will surely suffer.My third point is that we should uphold overarching interests.National interests are overarching because they concern the people of entire country.So, what are in the best interests of Chinese and British people?

I believe that our two peoples are eager to see greater progress in China-UK relations and more fruitful cooperation between us in all fields.This certainly is the goal of all you business leaders gathered here this evening.Through cooperation, we will be able to expand trade, increase investment, create jobs, and promote economic growth.These will bring benefits to all of our peoples.Working towards these achievements make up the overarching interests of China and UK.Political leaders should at all time uphold the overarching interests of the two countries.They should always support the larger interests of bilateral relations.They should follow the will of the people and advance well-being of all the people.What political leaders should not do is to pander to minority views.They should not please small groups at the sacrifice of overall interests of the country.This is what distinguishes statesmen from politicians.In China-UK relations, we need statesmen who have strategic vision and keep in mind the larger picture.We do not need short-sighed politicians who are blinded by immediate interests and obsession with votes.What we need to serve is overarching national interests, not interests of interest groups, not interests of some forces.Friends from the British business community:

You have produced 'icebreakers' in our bilateral relations.You have long been active participants and firm promoters of China-UK business ties.Growth of China-UK relations needs the support of thriving economic cooperation.It also needs the guarantee of a sound political relationship.In the absence of mutual political trust, there will be no stable bilateral relationship.In turn, deepening economic cooperation will be a 'mission impossible.'

As China-UK political relationship is now facing difficulty, I do hope that you friends from British business community will:

· Carry forward the spirit of 'icebreakers'.· Leverage your influence and play your part in creating

a

favorable

political environment for economic cooperation.· And help bring China-UK relations back to a normal track.This is my expectation of you!

It is also our shared interest!

Thank you!

第四篇：2009.12.2駐英國大使傅瑩有關“氣候變化與中國”的演講

駐英國大使傅瑩有關“氣候變化與中國”的演講

2009年12月2日，中國駐英國大使傅瑩應邀在倫敦政治經濟學院(LSE)發表題為“氣候變化與中國”的演講，全面闡述中國應對氣候變化的政策、立場及所采取的措施，并現場回答聽眾提問。

氣候變化與中國 中國駐英國大使傅瑩 倫敦經濟學院 2009年12月2日

Climate Change and China Fu Ying, Chinese Ambassador to the U.K.London School of Economics December 2, 2009 尊敬的CORBRIDGE教授，女士們，先生們，Professor Corbridge, Ladies and Gentlemen, 很榮幸來到倫敦經濟學院，就氣候變化這一重大問題進行交流。我感覺特別榮幸，這是因為倫敦經濟學院以在氣候變化領域的研究著稱，你們的研究為全球討論做出了突出貢獻。I am honoured to talk to you on such an important subject as climate change.It's a special honour, because the LSE is well-known for its scholarship on climate change and its crucial contribution to this global debate.中國是一個有著13億人口的大國，氣候類型多樣，環境脆弱。氣候變化給中國帶來諸多不利影響。

China is a huge country with a population of 1.3 billion.It has diverse climatic conditions and a fragile environment.The effect of climate change is a very real threat which we face everyday.根據中國科學家的觀察，過去50年里中國的平均氣溫上升了1.1攝氏度，高于同期全球平均升溫水平。在中國的許多地方，極端氣候現象更為頻繁。例如，今年春天中國北方出現50年以來最為嚴重的干旱，給400多萬人的帶來生計困難。

According to Chinese scientists, the average temperature in China has risen by 1.1 degrees centigrade in the last 5 decades.It is higher than the reported global average.We are seeing more frequent bouts of extreme weather in many parts of the country.Last spring, for example, the most severe drought in 50 years hit northern China affecting the livelihood of 4 million people.環境污染和氣候變化帶來的不利影響對我們來說已是現實。全球空氣污染最嚴重的20個城市中，中國占了一半，70%的河流受到不同程度的污染。中國已成為全球第一大二氧化碳排放國。

Environmental damage and climate change is a reality for us.Out of the world's most polluted 20 cities, half are in China.70% of Chinese rivers are polluted to some degree.China has become the largest carbon emitter of the world.這些問題是如何造成的？中國近年在減貧和提高人民生活水平的同時，也出現了嚴重的環境問題。與你們不同的是，我們是用30年的濃縮時間，走西方國家兩個世紀的工業化進程。How have we got here? China has reached this stage when it is making great endeavours to lift people out of poverty.Unlike you here, we have condensed 2 centuries of industrialization into only 30 years.中國人民已經充分認識到氣候變化問題的嚴重性和緊迫性，我們在以發展經濟的同樣熱情投入到實現可持續發展的努力之中。在中國，氣候變化不僅僅是一個討論的話題，舉國上下正在通過政策和行動積極應對氣候變化。我愿與你們分享一些這方面的例子。

Now, the Chinese people have woken to the threat and, with the same zeal that we have embraced industrialization, we are embracing cleaner development.In China, climate change is not just a topic for discussion;It's backed up with policy and action throughout the country.Let me share some examples with you.第一，中國制定了節能減排的法律和政策框架。First, on the legal and policy front.中國在制定2006-2010年的第十一個“五年計劃”時，第一次提出了應對氣候變化的具體目標，包括降低單位GDP能耗20%。

China set forward a voluntary reduction program for 2006 to 2010 period, including 20% reduction in energy intensity per unit of GDP.為實現這個目標，中國修訂了《節約能源法》、《可再生能源法》等法律，制定了嚴格的節能指標考核制度，完不成任務的地方領導人將面臨嚴格的問責制。

To achieve this, we amended the Law on Energy Saving and the Law on Renewable Energy.We've also set up a strict evaluation system for energy efficiency.This enables the central government to hold provincial leaders accountable for meeting energy efficiency targets.上個月，中央政府在網站上公布了2008年各省區節能目標考核結果。全國31個省區中，26個省為“超額完成”或“完成”等級。由于增加了透明度，未完成目標的省區面臨公眾很大的壓力。

Last month, the evaluation result for 2008 was released on the web for all to access.Out of 31 provinces and regions, 26 fulfilled emission reduction targets.One can't underscore enough the importance of having such transparency as it places great pressure on those who are not meeting the target.從表格上可以看出來，北京市做得不錯，超額完成了當年指標，而且已完成了2010年20%目標的17%。而新疆則落后了一些，如期完成目標有很大困難，需要得到許多支持。

Beijing is doing better, over-fulfilling its target for 2008, with over 7%.I am sure the Olympics helped.It has already achieved over 17% for the 20% target of 2010.At the bottom, you can see Xinjiang.It is lagging far behind and looks unlikely to meet the target and would need a lot of help.第二，采取嚴格的產業政策，鼓勵清潔發展。

Secondly, now the industries have to take very tough decisions to achieve clean development.政府嚴格控制新建高排放、高污染項目，淘汰現有落后產能?？梢岳斫?，落實這項措施一開始會很困難，遇到一些阻力，因為關閉高污染企業意味著就業崗位的損失。

Projects with high emission can no longer go ahead and some existing high emitters are being phased out.It is understandably difficult to push through such reforms and there is, inevitably, resistance.Being a developing country, shutting down factories means job losses for many who need them.比如，中國提出5年內拆除淘汰5000萬千瓦(50GW)老發電機裝機容量的目標提前一年半完成，使單位發電的煤耗降低了20%。但這項措施導致40萬人面臨再就業問題。

For example, we have achieved cutting down the average consumption of coal per unit of power by 20%, by demolishing the high-polluting and inefficient power plants.But it led to the loss of 400,000 jobs.第三，大力發展清潔替代能源。

So the third point is that we have increased and will continue to increase the percentage of cleaner alternative energy sources.低碳和新能源產業正在成為中國經濟的新亮點，許多英國公司也在與中國開展清潔能源項目的合作。今年1-9月,中國新增發電裝機容量中，清潔能源占到1/3。

Low-carbon and energy conservation have become new growth sectors in China.Many British companies are actively involved in clean development projects in China.In the first 9 months of this year, clean energy contributed a third of China's newly added power capacity.目前，中國在太陽能熱水器使用、太陽能光伏發電累計容量和水電裝機容量方面均居世界第一。你們可能還不知道，1/10的中國家庭用上了太陽能，在中國可以看到許多新住宅的屋頂上裝上了太陽能板。我自己家的公寓也是使用太陽能供熱的，據家里人說今年冬天的使用效果很好。中國人對清潔能源如此熱衷，表明我們下決心追求更美好的未來。

China now ranks as first in the world for solar heating and photovoltaic generation, as well as installed hydro power capacity.You may be surprised to know, 1 in 10 families in China already use solar energy.That includes my family.Many new buildings in Chinese cities are equipped with solar energy.The fact that the Chinese people are so keen to adopt clean energy is an excellent indicator of our dedication to a better future.第四，增加森林碳匯。我們都知道樹能吸收二氧化碳，中國人民對植樹十分熱情，在聯合國環境署倡議的“全球10億棵樹”活動中，中國人種了26億棵樹，也就是人均2棵，一個多么令人震驚的數字。

Next, let's talk about trees and reforestation.We all know how trees can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.Chinese people have really taken tree-planting to heart.It has even become fashionable for young couples to plant trees to mark their wedding.China has planted more trees than any other country in the world, with 2.6 billion trees planted.That is 2 trees per individual, an incredible number.第五，我們知道要切實實現減排的宏偉目標，唯一的手段是通過發展科學和技術，這就是為什么中國加大了應對氣候變化的科研投入。中國已成為各種新能源技術的巨大實驗基地。Last but not least, the only means for China to really achieve its ambitious plan is through science and technology.This is why China is investing heavily in research and development.The country has become a giant laboratory for testing all kinds of clean energy technologies.為應對國際金融危機，中國在新增4萬億元(4000億英鎊)的經濟刺激方案中，應對氣候變化相關投資達15%。我想你們會認為這不是一個小的數額，特別是考慮到我們正處在金融危機當中。

In the latest stimulus package worth 400 billion pound, 15% was invested in addressing climate change.I am sure you will agree that it is a huge amount by any standard, especially during the financial crisis.經過努力，中國節能減排取得明顯進展，有望如期完成2010年目標。僅提高能效一項，中國就有望在2006-2010年間減少二氧化碳排放15億噸。這個數字與世界上其他任何國家的減排努力相比都毫不遜色。

Thanks to all these efforts, China is well on track to reach our targets set for 2010.That would mean a reduction in CO2 emissions of 1.5 billion tons in five years by 2010.This is an achievement that compares well with the efforts of other countries.在今年9月召開的聯合國氣候變化峰會上，胡錦濤主席宣布中國將進一步采取應對氣候變化的措施。上周四，中國政府宣布了2020年行動目標，包括： At the UN climate change summit last September, President Hu Jintao stated that China would take even further steps to counter climate change.To follow up, the Chinese government has announced its targets for 2020 based on 2005 levels.森林面積比2005年增加4000萬公頃，這個面積相當于英國領土的1.5倍。They include:-bringing down CO2 per unit of GDP by 40-45%,-increasing the ratio of non-fossil energy to 15%,-expanding forest coverage by 40 million hectares, that is bigger than one and half times the size of United Kingdom.我們將把這些目標作為約束性和可核查指標納入中國的發展中長期規劃。

We will make all these into compulsory and verifiable targets, within the framework of our domestic development program.但是，希望能理解，完成這些目標會越來越困難。請允許我說明一下為什么是這樣。

I hope you will appreciate that achieving these targets and further reducing emission will get increasingly harder.Let me elaborate on that point.中國已經關閉了很多高耗能工廠，也就是說，容易做的已經做了。1990-2005年間，中國單位GDP能耗下降了47%，預計2005-2010年將再下降20％。進一步提高能效，將付出更高成本、做出更多犧牲。

We have already closed down many of the old and high energy consuming factories, That is to say, the easier part is done.Between 1990 to 2005, the per unit GDP energy consumption came down by 47% and between 2005 to 2010 it will again come down by 20%.The next will be raising the energy efficiency of the remaining plants.It's going to cost more and involve more sacrifice to reduce further.這也就是為什么科技研發對中國是如此重要，只有創新方能干使中國實現這個跨越。也是由于這個原因，我們希望發達國家轉讓技術和提供能力支持。

This is why investing in research and development is so critical for us, as only innovation can help China to make that leap.And this is why we are looking to developed countries for technology transfer and capacity building.國際能源署預測，如果中國實現了2020年目標，屆時中國一年即可減排10億噸二氧化碳。這將是一個巨大的成就，因為我們還是一個發展中國家，同時還面臨著發展的巨大任務。According to the International Energy Agency, if China fulfils its target for 2020, it will have reduced its emissions of CO2 by 1 billion tons.That will be a great achievement, given that we are a developing country and we have equally pressing survival priorities.下面我將詳細談談這個問題。雖然中國經濟總量有望不久成為世界第二，但很多人經常忘記中國還是一個發展中國家這一事實。

If you would allow me, I'd like to expand on this point;China may soon become the 2nd largest economy in the world.Yet it remains a developing country.This is something that many people often forget.中國人均GDP剛過3000美元，分別是英國、美國的1/

15、1/20，在世界排名第104位，排在牙買加和納米比亞之后。

China's per capita GDP has just passed 3,000 US dollars.UK and US are 15 to 20 times that of China.China is behind Jamaica and Namibia.請大家回答我一個問題：英國在歷史上是哪年處于中國目前的人均水平？根據英國經濟學Angus Maddison的計算，答案是1913年。

Now, let me ask you all a question: In which year in history do you think Britain was at the same income level China now is at? According to British economist Angus Maddison, the answer is the year 1913.下面這個數字可能讓你們一些人吃驚，中國目前仍有1.35億人每天生活費不足1美元。我們熟視無睹的最基本生活需求，比如說水，在中國一些地區都是人們不可及的。

In per capita GDP terms, China only ranks at 104th place in the world.It might be a surprise to some of you that China has 135 million people living under one dollar a day.Sometimes even the most basic things that we take for granted, like water, are beyond the reach of some Chinese people.例如，在中國西北的甘肅省，有些地方非常缺水，一個村子的農民一輩子只洗三次澡，出生的時候、結婚的時候，還有死的時候。

Take for example, in China's northwest, water is so scarce that farmers in a village in Gansu province only take three baths in their entire life, at birth, at marriage and at death.當我們討論氣候變化的時候，我們常常只是談論科學事實和數據，但我們不應忘記還有人的因素。

When discussing climate change, we tend to talk mostly about facts and figures, but we should not forget that, there is also the human dimension.想象一下，當這個村莊通電之后(中國正在實現村村通電)，不僅農民可以打機井從地下深處取水，他們的孩子們也能從電視上看到外面的精彩世界，他們當然會夢想一個更好的生活，得到許多的東西。

Imagine when electricity reaches this Gansu village, which is what China has been doing, bringing electricity to every village, not only are the farmers able to drill deeper for water, but also their children would be able to watch TV for the first time and see the wonderful outside world.They of course will dream about a better life and all the things that come with it.我們能告訴他們：你們沒有權利擁有我們所擁有的生活嗎？

我們能告訴他們：你們不能像電視里看到的上海人或倫敦人一樣生活嗎？ 為什么這些孩子不能擁有IPOD、手提電腦和冰箱，甚至汽車呢？

Who are we to tell them, that they have no right to have what we have? Who are we to tell them that they can't live like the people in Shanghai or London they see on TV? Why can't they have ipods, laptops and refrigerators, or even cars? 這就是在應對氣候變化問題中的人的因素，這也是挑戰之所在。This is the human dimension, and this is the challenge.中國的使命就在于，如何使13億人都有機會實現他們的夢想，但是是要以對環境負責的方式來實現。

China's difficult mission is to enable all of its 1.3 billion people to have the opportunity to realize their dreams, but to achieve it in a environmentally responsible way.現在讓我們回到前面說的中國是第一大排放國的問題上。如果看人均排放量，中國是4.6噸，而美國是20噸，英國是10噸。比較來看，不能說中國是“對能源貪婪”吧？

Now let's come back to the point about China being the world's biggest CO2 emitter.If you look at the figures in per capita terms, an average Chinese person's emission is 4.6 tons.An average American emits 20 tons, in the yellow colour and Britain 10 tons in the blue colour.You can hardly call China energy greedy, can you? 但根據《金融時報》的一項民調，63%的美國人認為中國應做出最多的減排努力。這就好像是一個總吃4片面包的人，要求另外一個剛剛得到第一塊面包的人去節食。

Yet, according to an FT survey, 63% of Americans believe that China is not doing enough and that it should undertake more emission reduction.It feels like a person taking 4 pieces of bread asking the person who got the first piece of bread to go on diet.從1750年到2005年，全球累計排放的二氧化碳中，發達國家排放占了80%。時至今日，發達國家人口只有世界的20%，每年排放卻占到55%。因此，在排放問題上，發達國家和發展中國家完全不能類比。

Between 1750 and 2005, developed countries accounted for 80% of the world's CO2 emissions.Even today, with only 20% of the world's population, developed countries pump more than 55% of the total emissions into the atmosphere.So when it comes to emissions, developed and developing countries can't be compared like for like, not to be painted in the same brush.正是由于這個原因，我們非常重視《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》確定的“共同但有區別的責任”原則。歸根到底，這是一個涉及公平和平等的發展權利的問題。

This is why we attach so much importance to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which set out the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.This is ultimately about fairness and equal right to development.再過5天，哥本哈根會議就要召開了，這是各國合作應對氣候變化的一次里程碑式的會議，國際社會對此寄予厚望。中國認為，為確保會議取得成功，必須做到以下三個方面：

The Copenhagen conference will commence in 5 days' time.It will be a major milestone in the global effort to tackle climate change and the people of the world have high hopes on its outcome.For Copenhagen to be successful, China believes several things need to happen.一是要確定發達國家在《京都議定書》第二承諾期里應該承擔的大幅減排指標，并確保未批準《京都議定書》的發達國家承擔與其他發達國家具有可比性的減排承諾。

First, developed countries should undertake to achieve substantial emission reduction targets for the second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol.Countries that have not signed up to the Kyoto Protocol should formulate similar reduction targets.二是要做出有效機制安排，確保發達國家根據《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》的規定和巴厘路線圖的規定，向發展中國家提供資金、技術轉讓和能力建設方面的支持和幫助。

Second, effective mechanisms should be set up to ensure that developed countries provide financial and technological support to developing countries.三是發展中國家在得到資金、技術和能力建設支持和幫助的情況下，在可持續發展的框架下，根據各自國情采取適當的減緩行動。

Third, developing country should also adopt mitigation measures according to their national conditions, within the framework of sustainable development and with financial and technological support from the developed countries.中國總理溫家寶將出席哥本哈根會議。中國愿意發揮建設性的作用，推動會議取得成功。在這個進程中，我們期待著與英國和世界其他國家密切合作。

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao will attend the conference.China is willing to play a constructive role in bringing the negotiations to a successful conclusion.We look forward to close cooperation with the UK and the rest of the world in this process.歸根到底，氣候變化是一個全球性挑戰，只有通過全球合作才能解決。作為一位母親，我希望我的女兒和后代能呼吸新鮮空氣，在一個良好的環境中生活。讓我們共同努力，確保我們的子孫生活在一個更加美好的世界。All in all, climate change is a global challenge, which can only be resolved through global cooperation.As a mother, I do hope my daughter and the future generations will breathe clean air and live in a good environment.So countries should work together as partners to make sure that our children inherit a better world.謝謝大家。Thank you.

第五篇：中國駐英國大使傅瑩在英語聯盟的演講

更好地了解中國 ——在英語聯盟的演講 中國駐英國大使 傅瑩 2009年12月10日 Understanding China Speech at the English Speaking Union China's Ambassador to UK.Fu Ying December, 2009

尊敬的亨特勛爵，女士們、先生們： Lord Hunt, Ladies and Gentlemen, 很高興應英語聯盟之邀做丘吉爾講座，索姆斯女男爵（丘吉爾之女）的光臨令我深感榮幸。

It is a great honor for me to be invited to speak at the Churchill Lecture.And it is a special honor to have Lady Soames with us in the audience.丘吉爾爵士一生成就斐然，曾擔任英語聯盟的第一任主席，足見他致力于通過英語促進和平、增進了解的決心。

Sir Winston Churchill was a man of many great accomplishments.The fact that he was the first Chairman of the ESU, is a clear indication of his commitment to promoting peace and understanding across the world through the use of the English language.24年前我在英國留學的時候，曾到查特韋爾的丘吉爾故居參觀，在那兒買了一本丘吉爾自傳。當時對我來說，買課外書是一件很奢侈的事，所以很珍惜，把那本書一字不漏地從頭讀到尾。

When I was a student in the UK 24 years ago, I bought his autobiography when visiting Chartwell House.Buying books was luxury for me at that time and I valued it and read from cover to cover.丘吉爾爵士勤奮好學的態度深深感染了我。當他還是后座議員時，這位聰明的年輕人已經在下議院中脫穎而出。他在自傳中講到，沒有勤奮就不可能有聰明。他談到每次在議會發言，哪怕只是提一個2分鐘的問題，都會花上幾個小時甚至幾天的時間在議會大廈走廊的圖書架上查閱大量資料，研究事情的背景，做認真準備。

I was deeply struck by Sir Winston’s attitude towards learning.When still a backbencher, he already distinguished himself in the Commons and was seen as a bright young man.He explained that no one can be bright, without learning and disclosed how he devoted hours and days finding the background of the facts from books in the corridors of Westminster every time before asking the two-minute question.這對我很有啟發，尤其是當我在學習中遇到困難的時候。直到今天，我對自己做的每一場演講和接受的每次采訪都精心準備，當然也包括今天這場演講。我留學英國時，也曾在牛津大學參加過英語聯盟辦的演講和辯論技巧培訓班，我要借此機會表示感謝。今天是檢驗培訓對我是否起作用的好機會，如果今天我講得不好，也有英語聯盟的責任吧。

This inspired me greatly especially, when my classes got harder.To this day, I still work very hard on every speech or interview I take, including this one and I thank the English Speaking Union for giving me a unique training course in Oxford for speaking and debating skill during my study in UK.I hope the training worked for me or, if you judge me to be a poor speaker today, at least you know where part of the blame lies.我演講的主題是：更好地了解中國。

Today, I have entitled my speech as Understanding China.根據美國一家專門跟蹤全球媒體報道的研究機構—全球語言監控機構的統計，過去10年最熱門的新聞中，中國崛起占據榜首，甚至大大超過9·11恐怖襲擊和伊拉克戰爭。

According to Global Language Monitor, an American research body following the global media reporting, on its list of the Top News Stories of the Decade, the rise of China came as the first, even well ahead of 9/11 and the war in Iraq.的確，2009年很可能將被作為中國邁向發揮世界大國作用的轉折之年而載入史冊。

But I think 2009 will probably be remembered in our history, as China’s transition into playing a major role in the world.我在倫敦能清楚地感受到，中國正在走上世界舞臺。在G20倫敦金融峰會上，中國與美國、英國和其他國家的密切合作顯示出，中國已經進入處理全球事務的中心舞臺。

Here in London, I could clearly sense China’s emergence onto the world stage.During the G20 London Summit, the close cooperation between China, US, UK and other countries shows that China has come to the centre stage of addressing global issues.美國總統奧巴馬不久前訪華時談到，中國在全球事務中發揮更大的作用是過去20年最重大的事件之一。他說，美國對此表示歡迎，并期待成為中國有效的伙伴。

During his recent visit to China, President Obama referred to China’s playing a larger role in global events as one of the most important things happened over the last two decades.He welcomed it and said that US looked forward to being an effective partner with China.然而，西方世界的很多人仍然覺得了解中國是件很難的事。而中國也有民眾對西方世界到底用意如何有疑慮。

However, many people in the Western world find it difficult to understand China.On the other hand, there is also wariness on the part of the Chinese people about the Western world’s intention on China.那么，中國到底是一個什么樣的國家呢？其實很難用一句簡單的話來回答，因為中國太大了，太多樣化了，變化太快了。在我看來，今天的中國究其實質，是一個具有多重性特征的大國。

So after all, how can one define China? I’m afraid it defies a simple answer.China is too big, too diverse and too fast changing to be characterized easily.I would say that China is a multi-faceted power.下面請允許我具體介紹一下： Let me explain what I mean.第一，中國是一個在過去30年中實現高速發展的國家。

First, China is a country that is rapidly transformed over the past 30 years.China’s leapfrogging progress can be seen in the following figures:

1996年，中國GDP是1萬億元，到2008年則增長到20萬億元，13年的時間里增長了20倍，成為世界第三大經濟體。2008年，中國一天創造的經濟價值超過1952年一年的總量。中國利用快速增加的財富使2.5億人在過去的30年里擺脫了貧困。因此，當我看到聯合國關于消除饑餓的報告時，不禁為中國取得的成就而感到自豪，中國用占世界僅7%的可耕地，養活了占世界20%的人口。In 1996, China’s GDP was 1 trillion Yuan, that was about 100 billion Pounds.In 2008, it grew to20 trillion Yuan(2 trillion Pounds).This means that in 13 years’ time, the Chinese economy has grown 20 times, turning into the 3rd largest economy in the world.The national wealth created in one day in 2008 was larger than the total annual output of 1952.With the newly gained wealth, China has lifted 250 million people out of poverty in the past 30 years.So when I read the UN hunger report, I do feel proud for what China has achieved, with only 7% of the world’s arable land feeding 20% of the world’s population.在中國悠久的歷史中，吃飯問題一直是頭等大事。記得一直到８０年代，人們見面打招呼的方式都是問：“吃了嗎？”。現在，如果你問我女兒這代人“吃了嗎？”，他們會覺得你這人大概有毛病。

Throughout China’s long history, food was always a big concern for the Chinese people and I remember that until the 1980s, the Chinese people greeted each other by asking “Have you had your meal?” But for my daughter’s generation, if you greet them in this way, they might think you have a problem.當然，中國缺乏在世界舞臺上操作的歷史經驗，我們仍然在學習和適應自己新的全球角色。而且我們仍然需要將大部分精力投入到處理國內問題上。

Naturally, China is still learning and adjusting to its new global role, as it lacks historical experience of operating on the global stage and also it is still very much preoccupied by domestic concerns and challenges.這引出了我要說的第二點：中國仍然是一個發展中國家。中國存在的弱點和挑戰我們中國人自己看得最清楚。

That lead to my second point, China is still a developing country.We in China are more conscious of our weaknesses and the challenges facing our country.中國人均GDP剛達到3000美元多一點，居世界104位，排在牙買加和納米比亞之后。而英國的人均GDP是中國 的13倍。各位是否還記得英國歷史上哪一年處于同樣的收入水平？根據英國經濟學家安格斯·麥迪森的測算，那要追溯到1913年。

People tend to forget that China’s GDP in per capita term is only a little more than 3,000 dollars, ranking us as 104th in the world.We are behind countries like Jamaica and Namibia.UK’s per capita GDP is 13 times higher than China.I wonder if you remember when in history the United Kingdom was at this income level? According to British Economist Angus Maddison: It was as far back as 1913.中國仍處在世界產業鏈的低端，中國產品的很多設計和關鍵部件都依賴進口。中國也許要出口一個集裝箱的鞋襪，才能買來一個小小的電腦芯片。China’s manufacturing is at a fairly low value added level and most of the made in China products are made with the world as the design and key parts are often imported.We may have to export a container full of shoes and socks to pay for a tiny computer chip.中國發展不平衡的問題也相當突出。許多外國人看到北京和上海，以為那就是中國，但若去中國廣大的西部地區看看，肯定會得出截然不同的結論。中國還處在工業化、城鎮化的早期，65%的人口是農民。有1.35億人每天生活費不足1美元。我們不能因為所取得的成就而驕傲自滿，這也正是為什么中國領導人常說，要有憂患意識，居安思危。

China also faces the serious challenge of uneven development.Many foreigners come to vibrant Beijing or Shanghai and think they have seen China.But for those who have visited China’s far west, will have a different experience and understanding.China is still in the early stage of industrialization and urbanization, with sixty five percent of its people live in the rural areas.You may be surprised to know that one hundred and thirty five million Chinese people live under less than one dollar a day.We can’t be conceited with what we have achieved.This is why Chinese leaders often say that we need to be aware of the difficulties and risks, even when we are enjoying stability and prosperity.當然，這并不意味著我們會無視世界對中國承擔全球責任日益上升的期待。因此，我想說的第三點是，中國正在學習承擔更大的國際責任。

That is not to say that China should ignore the growing expectations in the world for China to take on global responsibilities.So my third point is about China learning to undertake new international responsibilities.正如國家主席胡錦濤所說，中國的前途命運與世界的前途命運前所未有地緊密聯系在一起。

As the Chinese President Hu Jintao remarked, China’s destiny has never been so closely linked with the destiny of the world.我想，中國崛起之所以成為熱門話題，也是因為許多人不確定中國強大后將如何運用自身實力，中國能否擺脫國強必霸的窠臼。

One of the reasons why the rise of China was such a hot topic is that, many people, especially scholars can’t be certain how China is going to exert its influence as a new world power and would China too fall into the track of military expansion of the previous powers.事實上，中國作為經濟大國對世界并不是什么新鮮事。在18世紀以前的幾個世紀里，中國一直是世界上經濟發展最強盛的國家，GDP一度占世界一半以上。但是，中華文明沒有謀霸的基因，而只是一個朝代接一個朝代地修筑長城，以阻擋游牧部族。

What I want to say is that China being an economic power is not new to the world.It was the most important economic powerhouse for hundreds of years before the 18th Century.Its manufacturing was at times more than half of the world’s total.However, expansionism was not in China’s cultural genes.In Dynasty after dynasty, the Chinese built up the Great Wall to fend off the nomadic tribes.進入21世紀，中國通過對外積極貿易獲得經濟發展，并且得益于相對和平的國際環境。在當今全球化的世界里，各國的利益高度融合，相互聯系和依存日益緊密。因此，中國確定的對外關系的基調是追求和平、發展與合作。

Coming into the 21st century, China gained economic growth mainly through active trading with the world and by benefiting from a relatively peaceful world environment.Today we live in a globalised world with an unprecedented degree of interdependences among countries and the convergence of their interests.That is why China set the tone for its relationship with the world as: peace, development and cooperation.美國國務卿希拉里訪問中國的時候采用了一個中國成語 “同舟共濟”，這個成語表現了時代的精神，反映了金融危機中，中國與美國以及歐洲國家關系的狀態。Secretary Hillary Clinton, when visiting China, captured this spirit of the times with a Chinese idiom “fighting the storm in the same boat”.This accurately depicts the nature of China’s relationship with the United States, Europe and all other countries amidst the financial crisis.1992年，當我參加聯合國維和行動時，總有人問我，你是韓國人還是菲律賓人？現在，中國是聯合國常任理事國當中參加聯合國維和行動人數最多的國家，累計14000人次。中國也為世界減貧和發展事業做出貢獻，中非關系就是很好的例證。In 1992 when I was serving with a UN peace keeping mission, I was always asked are you from Korea or Philippines? Now, among the P5, China is the largest troop contributing country to the UN peace keeping missions worldwide, totaling 14 000.China has also been a serious contributor to global poverty reduction and development efforts.China-Africa relationship is a good case in point.溫家寶總理在中非論壇上提出了推進中非合作的8項新舉措，除了為非洲國家提供優惠貸款，免除最不發達國家債務等，還將在非洲建５０所學校，培訓1500名校長和老師，將獎學金名額增至5500名。中英兩國也在探討在一些非洲項目上合作的可能性。

Premier Wen Jiabao announced at the recent China-Africa Cooperation Forum a series of assistance to African countries.Apart from offering concessional loans and removing debts, China will also build 50 new schools, train 1,500 headmasters and teachers, and give 5,500 scholarships.China and UK are also exploring possibilities working together on some of the African projects.鑒于哥本哈根會議升溫，我下面談一談中國在應對氣候變化問題上發揮的作用。中國贊同減排，以阻止全球變暖的趨勢。在中國，極端天氣越來越多，另外在經濟高速發展的同時，也帶來了嚴重的環境問題，亟待解決。

Now, with the Copenhagen Conference heating up, I should also mention China’s role in the global fight against climate change.China believes in the need for cutting emission to counter global warming.We are experiencing more bouts of extreme weather.The fast economic growth has also resulted in serious environmental damages which urgently need to be addressed.中國雖然仍然是一個發展中國家，也自愿采取了降低排放強度的措施，并制定了到2020年進一步將單位GDP碳強度降低40-45%的目標。中國將把森林覆蓋面積擴大4000萬公頃，相當于英國國土面積的1倍半。據國際能源署估計，如果中國到2020年能兌現上述目標，二氧化碳排放量將減少 10億噸，這將是一個了不起的成就。

Though a developing country, China started voluntary reduction of its emission intensity and set new targets for 2020 to further reducing its carbon intensity per unit of GDP by 40-45%.China will also continue to expand forest coverage by 40 million hectares, that is bigger than one and half times the size of UK.According to the International Energy Agency, if China fulfils its target for 2020, it will have reduced its emissions of CO2 by 1 billion tons.That will be a great achievement.但我們在討論氣候變化時，不能只看到數字和現象，還要看到其中人的因素。想像一下，當一個中國農村通上電以后，農民們能打更深的水井，他們的孩子也能第一次看上電視，從中了解多彩的外部世界。他們當然期盼更高的生活水平、更多的物質享受。

But when discussing climate change, the issue in not only related to facts and figures, there is also the human dimension.Imagine when electricity reaches a Chinese village, not only are the farmers able to drill deeper for water, but also their children would be able to watch TV for the first time and see the wonderful outside world.They of course will dream about a better life and all the things that come with it.誰能對他們說，你們沒有權利享受從電視里看到的上海人或倫敦人的生活？如何讓13億人民都有機會實現夢想，并且是以對環境負責任的方式來實現，這是中國面臨的艱巨的使命。我們實現這個跨越的唯一的出路在于加大科技的投入。Who are we to tell them that they have no right to the kind of life in Shanghai or London they see on TV? China’s difficult mission is to enable all of our 1.3 billion people to have the opportunity to realize their dreams, but to achieve it in an environmentally responsible way.The only way we will make that leap is through investing in science and technology.中國主張權利與責任應當平衡。中國人均排放二氧化碳4.6噸，而美國和英國人均分別為20噸和8.7噸。從1750年到2005年，發達國家的排放占世界總排放的80%。即使到今天，發達國家人口雖然只占世界人口20%，排放量仍占全球55%。這就是為什么我們在哥本哈根會議上主張，發達國家應當根據“共同但有區別的責任”原則，承擔減排的主要責任，并增加對發展中國家的技術轉移和資金支持。這是一個涉及公平和平等的發展權利的問題。

China believes in a balance between rights and obligations.China’s emission per person is 4.6 tons, compared with 20 tons in America and 8.7 tons in Britain.Between 1750 and 2005, developed countries accounted for 80% of the world’s CO2 emissions.Even today, with only 20% of the world’s population, developed countries pump more than 55% of the total emissions into the atmosphere.That is why we support the idea that developed countries should take the lead in emission reduction in Copenhagen according to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and that they should increase technology transfer and funding for developing countries.This is ultimately about fairness and equal right to development.中國與世界的關系仍在演變之中。擴大中國對外部世界的了解和外部世界對中國的了解，對增進彼此理解與合作至關重要。中國熱情地擁抱世界，英語熱方興未艾。每年新增英語學習者超過2000萬。北京奧運會是一個重要的推動器，奧運前后，家庭主婦、出租車司機都在努力學習英語。

China’s relationship with the world is still evolving.Greater knowledge of the outside world and greater knowledge by the outside world of China are essential to greater understanding and cooperation between China and the world.China is embracing the world with enthusiasm and English learning has become very popular.20 million more people take up English learning every year.Olympics was a great promoter and even housewives and taxi-drivers were learning English before the games.事實上，語言障礙可以是影響理解的重要因素。我可以舉一個例子，鄧小平在上世紀90年代提出，中國外交一個重要原則是“韜光養晦”。當時世界進入重大變革，一些人想將中國拖入圍繞冷戰的是是非非而進行的爭論中。鄧小平引用的這句古語是說，不要試圖做超出自己能力的事情。他是強調我們應當集中精力發展自己的經濟。直到今天，這仍然是中國外交的重要指導原則。

Indeed, the language barrier can be a big factor affecting understanding.To give you an example, an important principle in China’s diplomacy is “Taoguangyanghui”(stay away from the limelight), which was proposed by Deng Xiaoping in the 1990s.It was time of great changes in the world and some people wanted to draw China into the debate in the world about the right and wrongs of the cold war and its related issues.By quoting a historical proverb, Mr.Deng, wanted to say that we should focus on our own economic development and refrain from attempting things beyond us.This is still a guiding principle for us.但不知道出于什么動機，一個美國學者將這句話翻譯成：“咬緊牙關、等待時機”，不難想象這將如何為“中國威脅論”推波助瀾。

For whatever reason, an American scholar translated it for the Pentagon as “biting the teeth and waiting for the time”.One doesn’t need much imagination to see how this can fuel the China threat theory.很多關于中國的誤解在某種程度上都因交流不暢造成。奧巴馬總統訪華時，國際媒體完全忽略了中國網民們和中國媒體上關于中美關系、中國與世界關系的熱烈討論。

Many misunderstanding of China are to some extent a result of miscommunication.When President Obama was visiting China, some media completely ignored the warm debate among the Chinese bloggers on the Chinese web and media, about China US relations and about China and the world.中國現在有2000種報紙、9000種雜志，每年出版新書23萬種。中國還有互聯網用戶3.6億人，博客用戶1.8億人。在中國，公眾和輿論界言論活躍，對幾乎每件事都發表看法，其中既有很多積極肯定的觀點，也有不少批評的意見。In China, there are 2000 newspapers and 9000 magazines.230,000 books are published every year.There are 360 million internet users including 180 million bloggers.So there is a very lively public expressing their views sometimes positive and sometimes critical on almost everything.但外部世界很少有人能夠跟上這股快速發展的信息流。在中西方信息交流中，中國讀到關于西方的東西一向要遠遠多于西方讀到關于中國的東西。中國早在上世紀20年代就開始大量翻譯介紹西方的文學和科學書籍，現在力度更大，翻譯作品有著廣泛的閱讀群體。一個中國學生要考大學，就不可能不了解一些英國文學和工業革命的歷史。而且隨著越來越多的中國人能閱讀英語，在北京、上海的書店里能看到整架整架的英文原版書籍。但這種雙向交流并不平衡，在西方，甚至學校和圖書館都很少見到關于中國的書籍，更不要說在書店里了。

But very few people outside China follow this fast growing information flow.Between China and the Western world, China has always read more about the Western World than vise versa.Chinese translation of Western literature and science has grown in strength since the 1920s and is still very strong and are widely read.It is impossible for Chinese student to enter the university without knowing some British literature and the history of industrialization.Now with more Chinese reading English, you can find shelves of original English books in the bookstores in Chinese cities.However this two way traffic is not evenly matched, as you can find very little about China even in the school and university libraries, let alone in the book shops.隨著時間的推移，老一代翻譯家漸漸淡出歷史舞臺。翻譯了中國古典名著《紅樓夢》的牛津大學語言學家霍克思先生在今年夏天離世。春天我到他家里訪問時可以感受到先生的寂寥，他的譯作在英國社會里也鮮有人知。在中國，曾將不少中國名著和詩歌翻譯成英文的著名翻譯家楊憲益先生也與世長辭。我們亟需培養新一代像霍先生、楊先生那樣的翻譯大家。

As time moves on we are seeing the older generation of language experts fading away.David Hawkes, a Sinologist at Oxford, who translated the ancient Chinese classic The Story of the Stone passed away last summer.When I visited him at his home last spring, I could not help realizing his loneliness.His great work is little known here.On the Chinese side, the famous Chinese translator who turn many Chinese classics and poems into English, Mr.Yang Xianyi also passed away recently.We now urgently need a new generation of Chinese-English translators to continue the work and efforts of great men like them.中國已經向世界伸出了手，目前在包括英國在內的87個國家建立了282個孔子學院和241個孔子課堂。我們高興地看到，世界握住了中國伸出來的手。China has stretched out its hand to the world.There are now 282 Confucius Institutes and 241 Confucius Classrooms set up in 87 countries, including in the UK.We are glad that the world is taking China’s hand.在英國，越來越多的學校開設中文課程。在中國有3000名英國留學生，在英國則有8萬名中國留學生，我希望他們能建立起更多溝通的橋梁。奧巴馬總統在上海訪問時宣布，今后4年，美國派往中國的留學生將增加到10萬人，我也希望有更多的英國留學生到中國來。Here in UK, more and more schools are taking up Chinese language teaching.There are about 3000 British students studying in China and 80,000 Chinese students in the UK.I hope more bridges will be built by them.President Obama announced in Shanghai that a hundred thousand American students will come to China in the next four years.Similar measures could also be taken by this country.在結束之前，我要說，英語聯盟多年來幫助中國開展英語教學，我們對此深表贊賞。你們過去幾十年的努力成果豐碩，為增進中國和世界的溝通做了很大貢獻。Before concluding, I want to say that we appreciate the ESU’s years of effort to cultivate the learning of English in China.What you did decades ago is bearing fruit and you can take some credit for China’s engagement with the world today.現在世界需要更好地了解中國。我希望英語聯盟在新時期發揮更大的作用，成為中英伙伴關系中不可或缺的橋梁。

Now the world needs to know China better.I would like to see ESU playing a growing role in this new era and be an indispensable bridge for the partnership between China and the UK and China and the world.謝謝大家！Thank you.