第一篇：商務(wù)翻譯人才培養(yǎng)價值和現(xiàn)狀

自20世紀(jì)四、五十年代以來，隨著各種與翻譯研究有關(guān)的學(xué)科，諸如語言學(xué)、人類學(xué)、語言哲學(xué)、符號學(xué)、文化批評、跨文化交際學(xué)等的蓬勃發(fā)展，西方翻譯理論研究在深度與廣度上不斷擴(kuò)展，“新的觀點(diǎn)和流派層出不窮，如翻譯等值論、多元系統(tǒng)論、目的論，還有后結(jié)構(gòu)主義、后殖民主義、解構(gòu)主義、女性主義翻譯理論等等，呈現(xiàn)出一幅色彩斑斕的多元化翻譯理論景觀”(李紅滿2001;65)。20世紀(jì)90年代以來，翻譯能力成為翻譯領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的主要研究對象之一。翻譯能力本質(zhì)上是一種交際能力(PACTE 2000;Colina 2003)，它不僅指譯者對語言規(guī)則、翻譯原則等陳述性知識的掌握，而且指譯者根據(jù)具體交際情境充分調(diào)動其內(nèi)在知識完成交際活動的能力。中國高校英語專業(yè)翻譯教學(xué)過程究其實(shí)質(zhì)應(yīng)為“Objectivist-Constructivist Theoretic Approach”理論框架下的學(xué)生翻譯能力培養(yǎng)過程(薄振杰2010)。該過程可具體分解為兩個緊密銜接的子過程:(1)相關(guān)知識的記憶與積累過程;(2)直接經(jīng)驗(yàn)的建構(gòu)過程。前者是前提、基礎(chǔ)，后者是方法、手段。與前者相對應(yīng)的課程類型為相關(guān)知識講座(Introductory Lecture)，采用客觀主義教學(xué)范式，教學(xué)內(nèi)容涉及上文提到的7個相關(guān)學(xué)科，屬于初級學(xué)習(xí)階段。與后者相對應(yīng)的課程類型為翻譯工作坊(Translation Project Workshop)，采用建構(gòu)主義教學(xué)范式，屬于高級學(xué)習(xí)階段;學(xué)生需要在真實(shí)情境中在教師(最好有專業(yè)譯者背景)的指導(dǎo)下制定學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，選擇翻譯任務(wù)，與同伴合作學(xué)習(xí)、共同協(xié)商，以便在有限的課時內(nèi)盡可能快速地建構(gòu)翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)，發(fā)展翻譯能力，樹立翻譯自信，為自身將來進(jìn)人職業(yè)化工作狀態(tài)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(薄振杰，李和慶，2011:5)。翻譯教學(xué)模式的多樣性、豐富是積極的發(fā)展態(tài)勢，一定程度上與生態(tài)翻譯學(xué)所倡導(dǎo)的多元化和復(fù)雜的模式不謀而合。

隨著我國對外商務(wù)活動的日益頻繁，人們?nèi)找嬲J(rèn)識到市場對綜合性、應(yīng)用型商務(wù)翻譯人才的需求；然而，既懂對外貿(mào)易、又精通外語，同時了解跨文化知識和技能的復(fù)合型商務(wù)翻譯人才始終是市場上的稀缺資源。這不禁讓人反思商務(wù)翻譯人才培養(yǎng)過程的現(xiàn)狀。一方面，具有天然優(yōu)勢的外語類院系成為培養(yǎng)這類人才的主要基地。但是，在實(shí)踐教學(xué)中，把教學(xué)翻譯當(dāng)作翻譯教學(xué)的學(xué)校不勝枚舉，長期以來，翻譯人才培養(yǎng)一直是英語語言文學(xué)內(nèi)的“方向”性教育（姜秋霞，曹進(jìn)，2006），這些都忽略了翻譯的職業(yè)技能訓(xùn)練的特點(diǎn)。這使語言技能學(xué)習(xí)占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位，翻譯和商務(wù)兩大重要因素退居次席。翻譯人才的思維模式與一般外語人才有著明顯的差別，需要經(jīng)過專門的職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，教學(xué)模式也不是一般的外語教學(xué)可以替代的(劉紹龍，2007: 1)。結(jié)果，許多外語專業(yè)出身，外語語言文學(xué)功底扎實(shí)，但是普遍缺乏翻譯實(shí)際操作能力、商務(wù)理論知識和商務(wù)意識。另一方面，有一定商務(wù)背景的外語人才也是商務(wù)翻譯的重要人員供給。“翻譯專門人才的培養(yǎng)起碼需要涵蓋三個方面:語言技能和知識、百科知識和翻譯技能訓(xùn)練”(何其萃，2007 : 11-12)。與之對應(yīng)，這些非外語專業(yè)出身的商科專業(yè)人才，雖然具備商務(wù)背景知識，但是在語言的基本功運(yùn)用和雙語轉(zhuǎn)化能力方面又有明顯欠缺，跨文化交際背景知識也不夠扎實(shí)。翻譯教學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)技能性，技能訓(xùn)練有階段性，是單一技能獲得、多技能協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和程序化過程，或者說是感知、內(nèi)化、體驗(yàn)、協(xié)調(diào)和程序化過程。語言教學(xué)旨在幫助學(xué)生獲得一種語言能力。教學(xué)翻譯是傳統(tǒng)語言教學(xué)的一種手段，優(yōu)化后可以幫助學(xué)生更好地習(xí)得語言。

第二篇：商務(wù)翻譯

商務(wù)翻譯

教學(xué)從商務(wù)翻譯的常識和策略開始，循序漸進(jìn)地進(jìn)入不同專題并培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的策略運(yùn)用及對商務(wù)文體的分析和處理。教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要突出一下幾個方面：從商務(wù)術(shù)語、表達(dá)修辭、語篇結(jié)構(gòu)等多角度分析商務(wù)文本；比較中、英文平行文本的異同；剖析不同題材商務(wù)翻譯的特點(diǎn)和共性規(guī)律。

主要內(nèi)容

第一部分商務(wù)英語概述

第二部分商務(wù)翻譯宏觀方法

第三部分商務(wù)翻譯常用技巧

第四部分多種商務(wù)題材翻譯

本課程要求：

要求學(xué)生了解商務(wù)翻譯常識；掌握翻譯的宏、微觀策略，并完成老師布置的課下針對性練習(xí)。通過自主學(xué)習(xí)與小組活動，自我修正及互相完善。

第三篇：商務(wù)合同翻譯

1)為了便于甲方及時開展工作，乙方應(yīng)于2009年12月31日前將第一批寄售貨物運(yùn)到甲方處。在2010年3月十五日左右，甲、乙雙方應(yīng)就剩下的寄售期限可能銷量達(dá)成共識。

In order to facilitate Party A’s work of starting the consignment sales on time, Party B should ship the first lot of consignment goods to Party A before Dec.31, 2009.On or about March 15, 2010, Party A and Party B shall meet to mutually determine on acceptable sales level for the remainder of the consignment period.2)在寄售合同到期后的一個月內(nèi)，甲方將按合同單價把已售出的貨物以美元形式全額匯給乙方。如果有銷售額總額超過15萬美元的情況，甲方應(yīng)在一月內(nèi)將銷售款以美元形式匯給乙方。

Within one month after expiration of the consignment period, Party A shall remit Party B the total sum in U.S Dollars based on the contracted unit price for those items which have been sold.If at any time the total value of goods sold exceeds the amount of U.S.Dollars 150000, Party A shall remit the total sum in U.S.Dollars to Party B within one month’s period of time.3)裝配所需的主要零件、消耗品及部件由甲方運(yùn)至廣州。如有零部件短少或破損，甲方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)補(bǔ)充替換。

甲方應(yīng)于成品交運(yùn)1個月前開出不可撤銷的信用證以支付全部裝配費(fèi)和乙方在廣州購買零件、消耗品和部件的費(fèi)用。

The main parts, consumption articles and components required for assembling will be sent in time to Guangzhou by Party A and if there is any shortage of , or damage to these parts and components , Party A shall be responsible for supplying replacements.Party A shall pay Party B by opening an irrevocable L/C covering the full amount of assembling charges and costs of parts , consumption articles and components purchased in Guangzhou by Party B , one month before the shipment of the finished products concerned.4）一切與本合同有關(guān)的進(jìn)出口手續(xù)，均由乙方辦理。

乙方將所裝配的晶體管收音機(jī)運(yùn)交甲方指定的外國買主。有關(guān)運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險費(fèi)由甲方負(fù)擔(dān)。All import and export procedures in connection with this contract shall be taken care of by Party

B.All transistor radios assembled by Party B will be shipped to foreign buyers designated by Party A.The relevant freight and insurance premium shall be borne by Party A.5）晶體管收音機(jī)的商標(biāo)由甲方供給，如有法律糾紛，甲方應(yīng)負(fù)完全責(zé)任。

如因裝配需要，由乙方在廣州購買的零部件必須達(dá)到品質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并應(yīng)事先經(jīng)過甲方核準(zhǔn)。The trade marks of transistor radios will be supplied by Party A and should there be any illegal involvement, Party A is to be held fully responsible.All parts and components purchased by Party B in Guangzhou, if necessary for assembling transistor radios, must measure up to the quality standards of, and be approved by Party A beforehand.6）本合同自受聘方到校之日起生效，到聘期屆滿時失效。如一方要求延長聘期，必須在合同期滿前一個月用書面向?qū)Ψ教岢觯?jīng)雙方協(xié)商同意后另簽延聘合同。

This Contract comes into effect on the first day of the engaged party’s arrival at the AA University and ceases to be effective at its expiration.If either party wishes to renew the Contract, the other

party shall be notified in writing one month before it expires.Upon agreement by both parties through consultation, a new contract may be signed between two parties.7）公司為一有限責(zé)任公司及在中華人民共和國法律下的法人，公司的所有活動應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國頒布的法律、法令及條例，公司的所有合法權(quán)益及利益受中華人民共和國的法律管轄及保護(hù)。

The Company is a limited liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic of China.All the activities of the Company shall comply with the laws, decrees and regulations promulgated by the People’s Republic of China.All the lawful rights and interests of the Company are subject to the jurisdiction and protection of the laws of the People’s Republic of China.8）合營的一方如不履行本合同或公司章程的義務(wù)，違約一方得賠償另一方因此而遭受的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

在合營期限內(nèi)，雙方都無權(quán)單方面宣布撤銷或終止本合同。

If either of the Parties fails to fulfil its obligations under this Contract , it shall compensate the other party for all its economic losses resulting therefrom.During the term of operation of the Company, neither Party has the right to announce unilaterally the cancellation or termination of this Contract.9）公司注冊資本為9000萬美元。由中方在簽約后30天內(nèi)提供土地使用權(quán)。外方在2001年3月1日以前提供辦公樓、廠房、必須的設(shè)備、設(shè)備、機(jī)器、工具、儀器、工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)、非專利技術(shù)、生產(chǎn)資金、流動資金等。

The registered capital of the Company is USD 90 million.The Chinese Corp provides the right to use land within 30 days after signing the Agreement.The Foreign Co.provides the office building, factory premises, necessary facilities, equipment, machines, tools, instruments, industrial property rights, non-patent technology, production funds, operating funds, etc.before March 1, 2001.10）如因不可抗力事件使公司無法繼續(xù)營業(yè)時，本協(xié)議可通過雙方協(xié)商予以提前終止。如果中方或外方想要把本協(xié)議規(guī)定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)進(jìn)行全部或部分轉(zhuǎn)讓，另一方有優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。轉(zhuǎn)讓必須得到審批機(jī)關(guān)的批準(zhǔn)。

In case of Force majeure, which makes it impossible for the Company to continue its business, this Agreement may be terminated ahead of schedule through consultation between the two parties.If the Chinese or foreign party wishes to make an assignment of all or part of its rights and obligations prescribed in this Agreement, the other party shall have the preemptive right to purchase the same.The assignment must obtain the approval of the examination and approval authority.11)如果在保證期內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)交的設(shè)備有缺陷，投資人必須按中方的要求，及時適當(dāng)解決

In case defect of the delivered equipment is found within the warranty period.INVESTOR shall take appropriate action for settlement without delay ,upon SINO`s request

12)在上述情況下，該缺點(diǎn)經(jīng)鑒定是由于中方操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，搬運(yùn)不當(dāng)或某一物品的消耗所致，則投資人應(yīng)要求中方支付實(shí)際運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用

In the above instance investor shall request SINO for payment of the actual costs of transportation ,when such defect is judged to be due to inexperienced operation by sino or due to inappropriate handling ,or due to an article of consumption

13)在投資人派遣工程師的任務(wù)完成以后，中方如有必要仍可要求投資人繼續(xù)給以技術(shù)支持，但投資人應(yīng)要求中方為這種增加的合作支付費(fèi)用，合作的條款由雙方將來討論約定。

Sino shall be able to request for continued technical support from investor , if necessary, even after completion of the above despatchofinvestor`sengineers.however ,in this instance.investor shall be able to request sino for the cost of such additional technological cooperation.terms and conditions shall be subject to mutual discussion and agreement between sino and investor ,in future

14)乙方確認(rèn)由其所生產(chǎn)的許可證產(chǎn)品必須嚴(yán)格按照甲方所提供的設(shè)計(jì)，圖紙及規(guī)格生產(chǎn)，除依第C條第一款規(guī)定的修改內(nèi)容以外，在任何情況下許可證產(chǎn)品均具備與 所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品相同的質(zhì)量與運(yùn)動性能。如果乙方未嚴(yán)格依照甲方的設(shè)計(jì)，圖紙及規(guī)格生產(chǎn)，則甲方對于乙方的許可證產(chǎn)品不承擔(dān)任何擔(dān)保責(zé)任。

15）GTT是中方和投資人之間的橋梁GTT應(yīng)協(xié)助中方用展銷會，研討會，技術(shù)培訓(xùn)等辦法在中國銷售產(chǎn)品GTT應(yīng)在產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)合格時考慮把這些產(chǎn)品銷往歐洲和非洲

1)GTT shall act as a bridge between SINO and INVESTOR

2)GTT shall assist SINO in marketing in china of products finished by SINO by means fo trade show ,seminar ,technical traning program ,ect

3)GTT shall consider marketing finished products to Europe and Africa when the quality turns out to be satisfactory

16）如果初次檢驗(yàn)不合格應(yīng)進(jìn)行第二次檢驗(yàn)，如果第二次檢驗(yàn)仍不合格，則投資人贏在2個月內(nèi)自費(fèi)調(diào)換有關(guān)設(shè)備如果檢驗(yàn)合格，雙方應(yīng)簽署檢驗(yàn)證明書一式二份，雙方各執(zhí)一份

1)In case initial test is unsatisfactory ,a second test shall be carried out.if the second test is again unsatisfactory ,INVESTOR shall replace the equipment involved atits own cost ,within two months after the second text

2)in case text results are satisfactory ,SINO and INVESTOR shall sign a text certificate in duplicate and each party shall keep one copy

17）本合同的訂立，效力，解釋，執(zhí)行及由其引起爭議的解決均適用中華人民共和國頒布的法律，法令，和條例規(guī)定

The making ,validity ,interpretation and implementation of this contract and the settlement of disputes arising thereform shall shall be governed by laws ,decrees and regulations promulgated by the people`s republic of china

18）受聘方的工作時間每周5天，每天7小時，受聘方按照中國，澳大利亞兩國政府規(guī)定的節(jié)假日放假，寒假按本校校歷規(guī)定。

The engaged party works five days a week and seven hours a day ,the engaged party have legal holidays as prescribed by both Chinese and Australian governmentthe winter vacation is fixed by the school calenderf

19）聘方每月支付給受聘方工資2000澳元，并按照澳大利亞政府對在澳工作的外籍教師的規(guī)定提供各種福利待遇

The engaginfg party pays the engaged party a monthly salary of 2000 australian dollars and provides him with various benefits as prescribed by Australian government for foreign teachers working in Australia

20）受聘方在入境，離境，或過境時，必須遵守澳大利亞政府有關(guān)外國人居住，工資福利以及旅行等的法律，規(guī)章，并遵守聘方的工作制度。

The engaged party shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Australian government concerning residence ,wages and benefits ,and travel for foreigners when entering ,leaving and passing through the territory of the country ,and shall follow the working system of the engaging party

21）雙方均不得無故撤銷合同如果聘方要求中途終止合同，除按上述條款承擔(dān)工資福利待遇外，需給受聘方增發(fā)3個月的工資作為補(bǔ)償金，并于1個月內(nèi)安排受聘方及其家屬回國并承擔(dān)有關(guān)費(fèi)用

若受聘方中途提出辭職，聘方自同意之日起即停發(fā)工資，受聘方不再享受各項(xiàng)福利待遇，受聘方及其家屬回國的一切費(fèi)用均由本人自理

Neither party shall cancel the contract without reasonable causes ,if the engaging party finds it

22）乙方在簽約后15天內(nèi)，為加工設(shè)備開出以甲方為受益人的銀行承兌信用證，其金額不得少于2220萬日元，見票180天付款。這份信用證，只有在乙方收到甲方為蘆筍罐頭對開的信用證后才能生效，甲方在收到這份信用證后，應(yīng)及時裝運(yùn)加工設(shè)備，提供本協(xié)議第七條所需的單證和180天到期的匯票，以便取得他的銀行承兌。

Party b shall within 15 days after signing this agreement establish in favour of party a an banker`s acceptance l/c in payment for the equipment ,for an account not less than J 22200000,available by draft at 180 days sight ,the l/c will be effective only after receipt by party b of a satisfactory reciprocal l/c opened by party a for payment of canned asparagns ,after receipt of the l/c ,party a shall effect shipment of the equipment of the equipment in time ,provide the required documents according to article 7 of this agreement together with the draft at 180 days sight ,and obtain its bank`s acceptance

23）乙方將向甲方提供上述貨物在香港和日本市場的市級零售價以供甲方參考，乙方無權(quán)干涉甲方的銷售價，銷售場所，和銷售辦法，但有權(quán)提出積極地建議，甲方有責(zé)任向乙方提交銷售報告（包括零售價）銷售過程中出現(xiàn)的問題和為提高銷售額而提出的建議，乙方應(yīng)向甲方提供各種有利于銷售（包括免費(fèi)樣品，試銷貨物，化妝品促銷資料，技術(shù)交流和有貯存條件等）便利。

Party b will submit to party a the actual retail prices of aforesaid articles in hongkong and Japanese markets for party a`s reference.Party b has no right to interfere with a`s selling

price ,spot and method ,but it has the right to make positive proposals , partya is responsibleto submit party b regular reports on selling situation(covering retail price), problems arising in the course of selling and making proposals to improve sales ,party b should provide party a with various arrangements which are conductive to sales(including samples free of charge ,articles for trial sales ,data for promoting cosmetic sales ,technical exchange and conditions for storage etc.

第四篇：商務(wù)合同翻譯

? Tranlation of Business Contract

一、商務(wù)合同概述

? A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned.? 在由Steven H.Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定義為 “a promise, or a set

of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”

? 合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，在某種意義上，法律將履行該承諾

看作是一種補(bǔ)償。綜上可見，合同是平等主體之間設(shè)立的確定民事權(quán)利和義務(wù)的法律協(xié)議。

? 合同英語屬于莊重文體（the frozen style），是各種英語文體中正式程度最高的一種。

總體來說，這種正式性體現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的專業(yè)性、語言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性等方面。合同種類

? 正式合同 Contract(P197)

? 協(xié)議書 Agreement

? 確議書 Confirmation

? 備忘錄 Memorandum

? 訂單 Order

? 意向書 Letter of intent

二、商務(wù)合同的構(gòu)成部分

一.約首(the head)

1.合同名稱 Title

2.前文（前言）Preamble

1)Date of signing

2)Signing parties

3)Each party’s authority 當(dāng)事人的合法依據(jù)

4）Place of signing

5)Recitalsor WHEREAS clause 定約緣由

二.本文（Body)

① 定義條款（Definition clause)

② 基本條款（Basic conditions)

③ 一般條款（General terms and conditions)

a.合同有效期限（Duration)

b.終止(Termination)

c.不可抗力（Force Majeure)

d.合同的讓與（Assignment)

e.仲裁（Arbitration)

f.適用法律（governing law)

g.訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction)

h.通知手續(xù)（Notice)

i.合同的修改（Amendment)

j.其他（Others)

三.約尾（the tail)

① 結(jié)尾語包括合同的份數(shù)、使用的文字和效力等（Concluding sentence)

② 簽名（Signature)

③ 蓋印（Seal)

三、Features of legal documents

1.common words with unusual meaning

?action訴訟alienation轉(zhuǎn)讓 avoid取消 counterpart有同等效力的副本

? Prejudice提案 save除了vacation休庭期間 limitation時效 minor未成年人

? review審查案件，復(fù)審 tort侵權(quán)

Eg.1.Thank you for your consideration.?No consideration, no contract.合同無對價不成立。

Eg.2.The testator died without issue.立遺囑人死亡時沒有子嗣.?The parties could not agree on the issue.?The passport was issued by the Liverpool office.2.Old English

To make the compound words by adding after, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, or with after here,there, or where

? Hereafter: in this document and after this point 此后, 以后

? Hereby: in this way or by this letter以此, 特此, 由此

? Thereby: by that 按此, 借此, 從而, 由此

? Therefrom: from that從那里

Whereas Party A is willing to employ Party B and Party B agrees to do as Party A’s engineer in

Beijing, it is hereby agrees as follows.鑒于甲方愿聘請乙方,乙方同意應(yīng)聘為甲方在北京的工程師,雙方協(xié)議如下:

In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the parties agree

as follows.雙方考慮到在此提出的契約和協(xié)議, 同意如下條款.3.Use the synonymous word with its relevant words

? Terms and conditions 條件 null and void 無效free and clear of 無

?able and willing 能夠并愿意any duties, obligations or liabilities所有責(zé)任

? applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives,and rules 適用法律法規(guī)

?charges, fees, costs and expenses 各種費(fèi)用any and all 全部

?covenants and agreements 合同，協(xié)議customs and usages 慣例

? import duty and tax 進(jìn)口稅捐keep secret and confidential保密

? licenses and permits 許可packing and wrapping expenses 包裝費(fèi)

? rights and interests 權(quán)益settle claims and debts 清理債務(wù)

? ships and vessels 船只sign and issue 簽發(fā)

? support and maintenance 維護(hù)use and wont習(xí)慣，慣例

1）This Agreement made and entered into by and between ABC Co.and XYZ Co.ABC 公司和XYZ公司雙方簽訂本協(xié)議。

2）All documents, letters, telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties before the

signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the

Contract comes into force.雙方在簽約前交換的所有文件、書信、電報和電傳，應(yīng)從本合同生效之日開始自動失效。

4.Latinate words

?alibi—不在犯罪現(xiàn)場ad hoc – 專門地de facto---事實(shí)上的?bona fide---真誠的alias---別名 versus---對，訴

eg.He established an alibi to the charge of murder.?他提供了謀殺案發(fā)生時不在場證明。

?他證實(shí)在謀殺案發(fā)生時，他不在場。

5.Formal words

? Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions

1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist/help Party B to install

the equipment.應(yīng)乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技術(shù)員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備

2）Party A shall send back/repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to

Beijing.甲方應(yīng)將病人遣返中國，負(fù)責(zé)病人回到北京的旅費(fèi)。

Failure to notify Party A shall be deemed to be/ be regarded as a material breach of this

agreement.?未能按上述要求通知甲方的，則視為構(gòu)成實(shí)質(zhì)違約。

Enclosed is our new Quotation NO.475 in lieu of/in place of the previous one.?隨附我公司第475號報價替代前發(fā)的報價單。

Prices are subject to change/alteration with or without notice.?不管是否事先通知，價格可隨時變動。

憲法優(yōu)先于其他一切法律

? Constitution is before/ prior to all other laws.? 任何一方不得在不預(yù)先通知的情況下終止合同

?Either party shall not terminate /stop the contract without notice in advance.–Terminate, stopcommence, begin

– be deemed to,be regarded asin lieu of, in place of

– prior to, beforewhatsoever, whatever

– accomplish, doadditional, extraacquire, get

– alteration,changeapplication, useassistance, help

注意may、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等詞語的法律內(nèi)涵

? May、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等詞的確很常見，但是在合同中這些

詞具有特殊的意義，所以翻譯起來要極其謹(jǐn)慎，避免引起糾紛。

a.May：在表示合同上的權(quán)利（Right）、權(quán)限（Power）或特權(quán)（Privilege）的場合中

使用。若表示某種權(quán)利在法律上具有強(qiáng)制性的時候，更多的是“be entitled”。

b.Shall：在合同中并不是單純的將來時，一般用它來表示法律上可以強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的義務(wù)

（Obligation）。如未履行，即視為違約，并構(gòu)成某種賠償責(zé)任。所以，shall在譯文里，通常

表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須”，當(dāng)然，也有不翻譯的時候。例如：

? The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the ex-importers in

the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides.? 貨物的質(zhì)量和價格必須使進(jìn)出口雙方都能接受。

? The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of

the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.? 本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、履行和爭議的解決均受中華人民共和國法律的管轄。

shall沒有譯出。

c.Should：在合同中通常只用來表示語氣較弱的假設(shè)，多翻譯成“萬一”或“如果”，極少譯成“應(yīng)該”。

? The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman.Should the

chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, convene and preside over the

board meeting.? 董事會會議應(yīng)由董事長召集、主持；若董事長缺席，原則上應(yīng)由副董事長召集、主

持。

? The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with

the contract by friendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be

referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the

absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement

reached after such dispute occurs.? 雙方首先應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商，解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭議。如果協(xié)商未

果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成協(xié)議的，可將爭議提交有

管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。

d.Will：一般使用在沒有法律強(qiáng)制的情況下，也用做表示承擔(dān)義務(wù)的聲明，但語氣和

強(qiáng)制力比Shall弱。

e.May not（或shall not）：用于禁止性義務(wù)，即“不得做什么”。

? 6.Terminology

?cause of action案由defendant 被告appeal 上訴

? damages損失，賠償金force majeure不可抗力 …

Indemnity n.a promise to protect someone from money lost or goods damaged;賠償?shù)谋ＷC

repayment for this；賠償金

An insurance contract that promises to pay for the replacement or repair of lost of

damaged goods賠償物

e.g.to arrange an ~ against loss辦理損失賠償

to demand an ~ for the delayed payment因延期付款要求賠償

Money demanded by a victorious nation at the end of awar as a condition of peace is an ~.戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時，戰(zhàn)勝國作為和平條件索取之款項(xiàng)稱為“賠款”。

Infringement: violation n.違反；違背；侵犯；侵害

Force majeure: an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to

be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause.e.g.As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed.基于不可抗力的因素，交易未能完成。

Arbitration : the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a

court of law.仲裁（通過中立的第三方不通過法庭解決糾紛）

e.g.They decided to settle the dispute by ~.他們決定通過仲裁解決爭議。

Translation requirements

?1.Adequate & precise

?Eg.Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and

complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the

contract to the satisfaction of the engineer.?除法律或條件不允許的情況之外，承包方應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按合同施工和竣工，并改進(jìn)工作中的任何缺陷，達(dá)到工程師滿意的程度。

?Party A shall send technicians atParty B’s expense to train Party B’s personnel withindays after signing the Contract.? 甲方應(yīng)于簽約后三十天內(nèi)派遣技術(shù)員培訓(xùn)乙方的人員，有關(guān)費(fèi)用由乙方承擔(dān)。

?This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with

documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.?本合同的修改補(bǔ)充應(yīng)有雙方授權(quán)代表簽名蓋章的文件，才能進(jìn)行

?合營企業(yè)的一切活動應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國法律、法令和有關(guān)條例規(guī)定。

?All the activities of the joint venture, shall comply with the provision of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the Republic of China.? 拘役的期限，為十五日以上六個月以下。

?A term of criminal detention shall not be less than 15 days and no more than 6 months.2、expressiveness & smoothness

?合同文本是一種法律文件，屬于莊嚴(yán)性文體。翻譯商務(wù)合同時還應(yīng)該把規(guī)范通

順視為另一大原則。所謂“規(guī)范”，是指譯文必須符合法律語言的特點(diǎn)，盡量體現(xiàn)出

契約文體的特點(diǎn)。而所謂“通順”，是指譯文應(yīng)當(dāng)符合漢語的語法要求，使譯文清晰

易懂。

? During the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract, the

two Parties shall hold a meeting very year to discuss problems arising form the execution

of the Contract.原譯：在合同生效之日起到合同終止之日的期間內(nèi)，雙方每年舉行一次會議，討論合同

發(fā)行中出現(xiàn)的問題。

? 原文在理解上沒有什么特別困難的地方，譯文意思也算正確，但只對原文逐字逐句

翻譯，顯得呆板，改譯為：

? 本合同有效期間，雙方應(yīng)每年正式會晤一次，以討論本合同履行期間存在的問題。

? The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment,six(6)days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed

upon by the Parties.In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than

one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.? 原譯：提單的日期應(yīng)為交貨日期的最后證明。雙方允許交貨比約定的時間早交或遲

交六天。一次訂貨多于一批裝運(yùn)，那么，每批貨應(yīng)被當(dāng)作是合同的單獨(dú)買賣。

? 原譯文表達(dá)累贅，結(jié)構(gòu)松散，不合乎漢語契約文體的簡約風(fēng)格。改譯為：

? 交貨日期以提單所載日期為準(zhǔn)，雙方同意在合同約定的交貨期的基礎(chǔ)上，允許有前

后六天的裝運(yùn)寬限期。若一次訂貨分批裝運(yùn)，則每一批貨為合同項(xiàng)下的單獨(dú) 買賣。

? One-third of the total amount shall be paid with the order when the Contract is signed,one third by documentary bill when shipment is effected, and the balance by clean bills

when the goods have arrived.? 合同簽訂時先預(yù)付貨款總額的三分之一，裝船后憑跟單匯票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在貨物抵達(dá)時憑光票一次性付清。

? 譯文充分利用添加的橫線部分充分表明了原條款的三個付款階段：交貨前、交貨時、交貨后，使得層次清楚，表達(dá)通順。

合同的訂立、生效和履行

? 1.This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.?此合同一式二份，由雙方各持一正本。

? 2.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.? 本合同未盡事宜，可由雙方增補(bǔ)作為合同附件。

? 3.本合同一式四份（正副本各兩份）自簽署后生效

? The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which

shall become valid on the date of signature.? 4.本合同為中英文兩種文本，兩種文本具有同等效力。本合同一式兩份。自雙方簽

字（蓋章）之日起生效。

? This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which

shall be deemed equally authentic.This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed by

both parties.?5.Unless the terms or context of this contract otherwise provide, all term used in this

Contract shall have the meanings set out in Schedule A hereto.? 除本合同條款或上下文另有所指，本合同中所有相關(guān)用語的定義見附錄甲。

?6.it has full authority to enter into this Contract and to perform its obligations

hereunder;

? 該方有全權(quán)訂立本合同以及履行本合同項(xiàng)下義務(wù)；

2.Modification

? 7.債務(wù)人將合同的義務(wù)全部或者部分轉(zhuǎn)接給第三方的，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)債權(quán)人同意。

?If the debtor intends to transfer all or part of his obligations under the contract to a

third party, consent shall be obtained from the creditor.?Where the obligor delegates its obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a

third party, such delegation shall be subject to the consent of the obligee.? 8.債權(quán)人轉(zhuǎn)讓權(quán)利的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通知債務(wù)人。未經(jīng)通知，該轉(zhuǎn)讓對債務(wù)人不發(fā)生效力。

?Any transfer of rights by a creditor shall be notified to the debtor.The transfer

shall not bind the debtor without such notification.?Where the obligee assigns its rights, it shall notify the obligor.Such assignment will

have no effect on the obligor without notice thereof.3.Termination of contracts

? 9.This Contract may be terminated at any time prior to expiration of the Term by the

mutual written contract of the Parties.? 本合同期限屆滿之前，雙方可通過書面協(xié)議隨時終止本合同。

? 10.This Contract shall terminate upon the expiration of the Term unless extended

pursuant to Article.(Term).? 本合同于合同到期日終止，除非雙方按照第[]條（合同期限的續(xù)展）的規(guī)定續(xù)約。

? 11.當(dāng)事人可以約定一方解除合同的條件。解除合同的條件成就時，解除權(quán)人可以

解除合同。

?The parties may agree upon conditions under which either party may terminate the

contract.Upon satisfaction of the conditions, the party who has the right to terminate

may terminate the contract.? 12.Termination of this Agreement for any reason shall be without prejudice to any

right of action vested in either Party at the date of termination.? 本協(xié)議無論因何原因終止，不得損害任何一方在終止協(xié)議時的任何的行動權(quán)利。

? 13.合同的權(quán)利義務(wù)終止，不影響合同中結(jié)算和清理?xiàng)l款的效力。

? The termination of rights and obligations under a contact shall not affect the validity of

clauses that related to the final settlement of accounts and winding-up.4.Liability for Breach of Contract

? 14.當(dāng)事人雙方都違反合同的，應(yīng)當(dāng)各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。

? If both parties breach a contract, each party shall bear its own respective liabilities.? 15.If a party fails to perform its obligations under a contract, or its performance fails to

satisfy the terms of the contract, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract such as to continue to perform its obligations, to take remedial measures, or to compensate for losses.? 當(dāng)事人一方不履行合同義務(wù)或者履行合同義務(wù)不符合約定的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)繼續(xù)履行、采取補(bǔ)救措施或者賠償損失等違約責(zé)任。

? 5.Applicable law and dispute resolution

? 16.Where other laws provide otherwise in respect of a contract, such provisions shall

prevail.? 其他法律對合同另有規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。

? 17.本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、履行受中華人民共和國法律的管轄。

? The formation, validity, interpretation and execution in respect of this contract shall be

governed by the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China.? 18.仲裁裁決是終局的，對雙方都有約束力。

?The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.

第五篇：商務(wù)信函翻譯

Business Interpretation

Thanks 致謝

盡量避免用big words, 用commonly used words and phrases

拜訪 call on/at visit, drop in(順便）

寫信致謝 write sb.…my thanks

及時（收到）duely on/in(due)time

相差十萬八千里 we’re worlds apart

歡迎某人到某地 welcome adj.一般不用被動態(tài)（對某一舉動表示歡迎）

隨時歡迎 always at any time

深深感謝 a car-load appreciation

感謝be grateful

向您預(yù)致謝意，盼望早日得到滿意的答復(fù)。

Thank you in anticipation/advance.Looking forward to your favorable reply.I would be grateful if my application could be taken into favorable

consideration.(優(yōu)先考慮）

Your favorable consideration of my application would be greatly appreciated.如蒙即復(fù)，不勝感謝。

A prompt reply will be greatly appreciated.如蒙及時報價，不勝感激。

Your timely quotation will be greatly appreciated./We would be very gracious if you could quote timely/promptly.恭候佳音

Your favorable/early reply will be appreciated./ We would appreciate it if you could…

承蒙對鄙公司及產(chǎn)品之關(guān)心，特表感謝之意。

Your interest in our company and products is greatly appreciated.請隨函附上貴方的價格單和一切必要的說明。

Please enclose your price list and all the necessary illustrations.請告大批訂貨的折扣。

Please inform us of the discount for a large order.請速寄備有存貨的中等品質(zhì)棉花樣品和價格單，不勝感激。

We would appreciate your sending us immediately samples and sheet of your medium-quality cotton available from stock.請告貴方產(chǎn)品的規(guī)格細(xì)目。

Would you please let us have the particulars(and specifications)of your products?

敬請注意，我方客戶急需合同貨物。

(We)wish to draw your attention to the fact that our clients/customers are in urgent need of the contracted goods.請寄貴公司產(chǎn)品圖解目錄一份為荷。

It would be appreciated if you could send us an illustrated catalog of your products.According to the request in your letter, we are sending you a catalogue of our products.根據(jù)貴方來函要求，現(xiàn)寄上本公司產(chǎn)品目錄一份。

We are pleased to inform you that goods have been dispatched today.貨物今日業(yè)已啟運(yùn)，特此告知。

We hope to have the pleasure of serving you soon.希望能早日為貴方效勞。

In reply to your inquiry of 10th May, we are pleased to offer you the following.回復(fù)貴方5月10日報價，特報盤如下。

請即復(fù)，不勝感激。

Your prompt reply will be highly/greatly appreciated.懇請貴方從速辦理本訂單。

You’re kindly requested/asked to pay prompt attention to/deal with/handle this order promptly.請說服貴方客戶接受我方銷售條件，我們已與貴地其他客戶按此條件做成了相當(dāng)多的交易。We should be grateful if you could persuade your clients to accept our sales terms on which we have already concluded considerable businesses with clients at your end.請將貨樣及產(chǎn)品小冊子一并寄來。

Please kindly send us samples and products packet/catalogue/pamphlet.建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系

我來這里是要和你們建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系。

I am here to establish trade relations with you.與貴方建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系是我們多年來的愿望。

It is our long-standing hope/wish to establish/that we might …/The

establishment of …is what we have hoped for years.我們寫這封信是為了要和貴方建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。

We are writing to you in order to establish/ in the hope of establishing… 我們愿在平等互利、互通有無的基礎(chǔ)上與貴公司建立業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系。

On the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchanging one has for what one needs,…

如貴公司有意與我方建立該商品的業(yè)務(wù)往來，請?zhí)岢鼍唧w要求。

If you are interested in establishing/setting up …in this line, please let us know your specific requirements.本公司經(jīng)營此項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)已有多年。

We have been in this line of business for many years.茲向您自我介紹，敝公司系國營單位，以經(jīng)營輕工產(chǎn)品為主。

We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state-run/state-owned/state-operated corporation dealing exclusively in light industry products.本公司致力于與各國和各地區(qū)的貿(mào)易和金融界的貿(mào)易往來。

We aim to/are active in /are specialized in trade and finance circles of different countries and regions/districts.本公司產(chǎn)品的出口是我省創(chuàng)匯的主要渠道之一。

The export of our goods contributes one of the major sources of /channels of making foreign exchanges in our province.我公司開業(yè)于1935年，因此對我們所經(jīng)營的業(yè)務(wù)有著廣泛的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

We have been in business since 1935 and therefore have wide experience in all the lines we handle/deal with.詢盤和報盤

感謝貴方七月五日的詢盤，另封寄上我方價格單和皮鞋樣品。

We thank you for your inquiry of July 5 and are sending you, under separate cover, a sample of our leather shoes together with our price list.本公司各種電器一應(yīng)俱全。

Our company can offer a full line of electric appliances.現(xiàn)另封寄上我方價格單，望能使貴方感興趣。

We are now pleased to send you, under separate cover, our price list which we hope might be of interest to you/ might interest you.報價時請說明可供數(shù)量及最早交貨期。

When you make offer/quotation, please indicate/specify the quantity available as well as your earliest time of delivery.感謝貴方六月七日的詢價，現(xiàn)寄上帶有插圖的目錄及價格明顯單，對貴方詢問的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行答復(fù)。

…we are sending you our illustrated catalogue and price list giving the details you asked for.這是我方最新型電腦的銷售說明書。

Sales specifications/brochure/pamphlet

Sales literature(商品較大時）

of our latest model

我們想了解一下貴方在這方面的供貨能力和銷售條件。

We would like to know what you can offer in this line as well as your terms of sales.茲寄上我方形式發(fā)票第12號，按貴方要求一式三份。

We are pleased to send you herewith our Proforma Invoice No.12 in triplicate as requested.形式發(fā)票指的是對外貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)中賣方開給買方的假定發(fā)票，供進(jìn)口商品以申請進(jìn)口證或外匯。

因急需這些零配件，希望貴方見信后立即將形式發(fā)票寄來。

As the parts and accessories are urgently needed, we wish to receive your proforma invoice by return.應(yīng)貴方之請求，今寄上我方報價單一式三份，并望能盡快收到貴方(長期）訂單。

As requested, we are sending our quotation sheet in triplicate, and wish you would place your(long-term)order with us as soon as possible.這是我方報價單，請你方過目。

This is our inquiry(sheet)for your check/consideration.我方報價是經(jīng)精確計(jì)算而且相當(dāng)合適的。由于產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量優(yōu)異，在歐洲市場上十分暢銷，我們已按此價格與其他客戶做成了可觀的生意。

The prices we quoted/our quotations are closely calculated and considerably moderate.Since these articles are best-selling in European markets thanks to their superior quality, considerable business/deal has been done with other customers at these prices.本報盤以你方本月底前接受為條件。

This offer is subject to your acceptance before the end of this month.我們現(xiàn)報盤如下，以你方答復(fù)九月五日（含九月五日）前到達(dá)為條件。

We are making you the following offer, subject to your reply reaching here on or before Sept.5th.本報盤有效期五天。

This offer holds good/ remains firm/open/valid for 5 days.在實(shí)盤情況下，我們通常保留有效期三天。

In case of firm offers, we usually keep our offers open for 3 days.以上報盤為虛盤（無約束力），所有訂貨將以我方書面接受為準(zhǔn)。

The above offer is made without engagement(non-firm offer), and all orders will be subject to our written acceptance.他們就下列貨品向我們報了虛盤。

They have made us a non-firm offer of the following items.訂購、付款、交貨

We are too heavily committed to be able to entertain fresh orders.我方承約太多，不能接受新的訂單。

You are kindly requested to take into consideration when quoting the price that we may place regular orders for large quantities.貴方報盤時請考慮我們長期大量訂貨的可能性。

If you can place regular orders with us, we shall be willing to cut down our price.貴方若能長期訂貨，我們愿意降價。

Your order is receiving our immediate attention and you can depend on us to effect delivery well within your time limit.貴方訂單正在及時處理中，請相信我們將在貴方時限內(nèi)發(fā)運(yùn)此貨。

我方起訂的數(shù)量是10噸，我們只接受10噸或以上的訂單。

The minimum amount/quantity of an order for our goods is 10 tons.We accept orders only for quantities of 10 tons and up.由于你方?jīng)]能如期交貨，我們不能再接受你方貨物，特此取消訂單。

Due to your delay in delivery, we are no longer in the position to accept your goods.We hereby cancel our order.All business is to be transacted against confirmed and irrevocable letters of credit.所有交易都應(yīng)采用保兌的不可撤銷的信用證支付。

Payment is to be made by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit to be opened in our favour.我方要求以保兌的不可撤銷的以我方為抬頭的信用證付款。

因急需此貨，我方確定七月底為交貨截止日期。

As we need the goods urgently/the goods are urgently needed, we will set the end of July as deadline for delivery.由于一般公認(rèn)的“不可抗力”原因而導(dǎo)致的遲交貨或不能交貨，賣方將不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。The seller will not be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery of goods owing to generally recognized Force Majeure.我們通常用結(jié)實(shí)的新木箱作外包裝。這種包裝能防濕、防潮、防銹、不怕震動并經(jīng)得起粗暴搬運(yùn)。

We usually use new strong wooden cases for outer packing.Such packing can be well protected against dampness, moister, rust, and is able to stand shock and rough handling.Thank you for your attention and cooperation!

Wish you great success in life and career!