第一篇：簡愛與現代愛情觀對比

一、叛逆與追求 簡·愛和孫柔嘉她們都以大膽叛逆精神勇敢地沖破封建禁錮，大膽地追求真愛，尋找自己的幸福。

1、簡·愛勇敢地沖破封建（傳統觀念）的禁錮，大膽追求真愛。簡·愛是一個敢于向男權社會傳統觀念挑戰的女性，被女性主義者奉為反映被壓迫處于社會邊緣生存狀態的女性反抗男權社會，追求婚姻自由、平等地位的經典人物。

二、自然層面，從女性自身特點研究女性自我；

三、以男性為參照，了解女性在精神文化方面的獨特處境。

2、孫柔嘉沖破世俗，大膽追求自己的愛情。這種既柔又嘉、卻暗自陰柔而且柔能克剛的人，就像一個甜蜜的圈套，卻掌控著自己的婚姻、生活和命運，也掌控著方鴻漸的婚姻、生活和命運。

四、迥異的歸宿 雖然簡·愛與孫柔嘉都是勇敢地沖破封建禁錮，大膽地追求真愛，開始走的道路是相似的，但是她們尋求真愛的結局卻是截然相反的：簡·愛守住了愛情，最終得到了幸福，而孫柔嘉卻是由幸福走進了無盡的痛苦之中。

2、簡·愛和孫柔嘉的性格不同也造成了她們愛情結局的不同。簡·愛是一個全方位尋求獨立、平等、自尊的女性。

3、簡·愛與孫柔嘉反封建的角度也是不同的。

簡·愛主要是反對男權主義，孫柔嘉主要是反對封建家庭的束縛。簡·愛與孫柔嘉反抗的本質也是不同的。簡·愛是發自內心自覺的反抗，而孫柔嘉是被迫的反抗。簡·愛的反抗心里是與生俱來的，年幼的簡·愛就和她的表哥約翰發生了沖突，驕橫殘暴的約翰把表妹簡· 簡·愛獨立自主的愛情觀

簡·愛的思想發展是這部小說的中心。從一開始，簡就有一種很強的自我意識——追求價值和尊嚴，勇敢地追求自由平等和獨立自主。在羅切斯特的面前，她從不因為自己是一個地位卑微的家庭教師而感到自卑，她認為他們是平等的。她的正直、高尚、純潔，她的心靈沒有受到世俗社會的污染，所以羅切斯特為之震撼，把她看成一個可以和自己在精神上平等交談的人。簡的獨立性在整部小說的情節發展中不斷地得到了驗證。

盡管羅切斯特的表白和求婚讓簡感到非常高興，但也不免憂慮和擔心。因為她一直渴望自由自在的生活，婚姻就意味著束縛和屈服，意味著她要對他負責、受他的控制。當羅切斯特揮金如土，為她添購絲綢、珠寶的時候，她變得更加敏 感，覺得自己就像是一個被蘇丹寵愛的奴隸。

離開桑菲爾德是簡作出的最大的決定。從羅切斯特那里，她找到了渴望已久的愛情，桑菲爾德是她第一個真正的家，離開了它仿佛就是離開了自己。但是，作為羅切斯特的情婦跟他生活在一起，卻又意味著自我妥協，那是她最不想要的。甚至在知道伯莎的存在以前，她就覺得嫁給羅切斯特是一種冒險，他們壓根兒就不會平等，她害怕羅切斯特把她當玩物一樣對待，更要命的是，嫁給一個地位比 她高的人，讓她有負債感。

在桑菲爾德遭遇大火之后，簡和羅切斯特重歸于好，找到了幸福的歸宿。離開了桑菲爾德以后，簡在莫爾頓過著簡樸的生活，給一群窮孩子們做老師。她在經濟上是獨立的，并且擔當了一個重要的角色。

二、羅切斯特感性至上的愛情觀

羅切斯特出身于名門望族，因為不是長子，沒有財產繼承權。他的父親“既想使自己的家產不至于分散，又想讓他也有財產以保持家族的聲望”，和他哥哥一起幫他找了個對象，也就是后來發了瘋的伯莎·梅森，在他“還不知道是怎么回事時就和她結婚了”。婚后短暫的婚姻生活讓羅切斯特徹底看清了伯莎的性格品質，使他意識到“自己從來沒愛過她，從來沒敬重過她，甚至從來沒有了解過她”。

三、圣約翰理性至上的愛情觀

與羅切斯特的感性至上的愛情觀形成鮮明對比的是圣約翰理性至上的愛情觀。在圣約翰身上，理智戰勝情感，為主工作的精神壓制了人類的正常感情，甚至可以拿圣潔的愛情來為之殉道。第二個體現就是圣約翰對伴侶的選擇。他承認自己“發瘋似地愛著羅莎蒙德·奧利弗”，可是同時“卻冷靜而清醒地意識到，她不會成為他的好妻子，她不是那種適合于他的伴侶”。對他來說，結婚不過是手段，是實現自己傳教理想的工具。在日常的相處中，圣約翰看到了簡·愛身上的“溫順、勤奮、無私、忠實、堅貞、勇敢，非常文雅，又頗具英雄氣概”等品質。夏洛蒂通過刻畫這樣一個獨立自主的文學形象，并注入一些自己的親身經歷以及宗教觀念，既表達了她對男性壓迫者的強烈抗議，又表達了她追求獨立自主、自由平等的女權主義思想。簡·愛作為一個以“獨立自主”而著稱的文學形象，吸引并激勵著越來越多的女性去效仿.一）研究的現狀綜述 簡·愛已成為唯美愛情的一個典型，是世界文學研究領域方面一個引人注目的方面。

（二）研究的理論價值 夏洛蒂·勃朗特是英國文學史上第一個表現女性追求獨立、自由主題的人，她的作品被視為“現代女性小說”的楷模。她的代表作《簡·愛》塑造了一個出身寒微，長相平庸的、矮小的簡愛，但她卻是一個有著強烈自尊個性魅力的女性，她的魅力在于個性的力量，她善于思考，捍衛人格獨立，敢于表達自己的愛憎。簡·愛用自尊、自愛與自強的內在美好人性喚醒了另一顆懂得珍惜女性的心靈，簡·愛的出現標志著歐洲文學史上新女性的誕生。簡·愛這一形象一直被人們視為不甘屈辱、追求平等、為維護女性的人格尊嚴而勇于抗爭的精神典范，她雖然矮小，貧寒，長得又不美，但卻直爽，單純，倔強，自尊自立，敢于追求真正意義上的愛情。這種性格特征不知吸引了多少人，打動了了多少讀者的心。許多女權主義者都以簡愛為模范榜樣。

（三）研究的現實意義 而今社會中的“快餐愛情”，越來越讓人們瞠目結舌。愛情在本質上沒有貴賤之分,也沒有貧富之差，更沒有地域之別。可在現實生活中自古以來就存在著“門當戶對”、“磚門對磚門、土門對土門”的不良習俗，愛情在金錢與權勢面前出現的悲劇司空見慣。

（一）情感角度，比如許藝萍《簡·愛和現代女性愛情觀比較》、孫偉民《自卑情結造就了簡愛鮮明的人格魅力——解析<簡·愛>》等等，這些作品大體上是從愛情、親情上分析的。

（二）人物形象角度，譚蒙革《簡.愛女性形象分析》、胡晴《論<簡愛>的女性意識》等等，主要是從簡.愛和現代女性的角度來寫的。

（三）生命意識形態角度，胡晴《論<簡·愛>的女性意識》、李紅萍《論簡愛獨立人格形象的塑造》等等，都是從簡.愛堅強的生命意識方面的問題。

（四）創作意識角度，黃興軍《<簡·愛>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小說<簡·愛>中女性反抗性格的形成》，是從簡·愛的思想意識方面寫的。

三、我的研究角度、研究的主要內容及創新之處：

（一）研究角度：從愛情的角度，對簡·愛與現代女性進行比較、歸納總結。

（二）研究的主要內容：主要研究的是簡·愛與現代女性的愛情，這里主要針對的是夏洛蒂《簡·愛》中的唯美愛情的存在意義。論文要表現出的比較主要從這兩大方面來進行描述：一方面是時代的對比，簡.愛與現代女性她們生活在不同的時代。另一方面是歸納她們各自對愛情的執著與自私。通過這兩大方面整體架構這篇論文，使得全文條理清楚，目的明確，使自己加深對簡.愛愛情精髓的理解，同時從深層次上感受唯美愛情的真諦，使自己浮躁的心靈得到一次深刻的洗禮。

（三）創新之處：打破對簡.愛愛情原來的認識，以具體的作品為文本，在簡.愛的性格特征、人物形象、愛情觀等問題上以新的理論為依據，與當今社會中的“快餐愛情”進行比較，對簡.愛的愛情進行新的認識。

第二篇：論簡愛與現代女性愛情觀比較,開題報告

中文系畢業論文開題報告

題目：簡·愛與現代女性愛情觀比較 開題時間：2012年1月

一、選題意義

（一）研究的現狀綜述

簡·愛已成為唯美愛情的一個典型，是世界文學研究領域方面一個引人注目的方面。近年來研究更是層出不窮，并且出現一些專門研究簡·愛的專門學者，主要有這些周美池《論<簡·愛>不同時代的意義——以女主人公形象為例》、周雙《關于簡.愛雙重性格的分析》、譚蒙革《簡·愛女性形象分析》、黃興軍《<簡·愛>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小說<簡·愛>中女性反抗性格的形成》等等。這些都是國內研究的主要狀況。

對簡·愛的研究主要集中在各個高校中，主要表現為在各大學學報以及出版社發表論文的形式，比如論黃岡師范學院刊載的龔玲的《<簡·愛>的女性哥特式特征》、泉州師專學報刊載的李紅萍的《論簡愛獨立人格形象的塑造》、牡丹江大學黃興軍《<簡·愛>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小說<簡·愛>中女性反抗性格的形成》等等。這一系列是對夏洛蒂作品中簡·愛這一人物形象的進一步挖掘，對后代人認識夏洛蒂和簡·愛以及她的其他作品都有很大的幫助。

（二）研究的理論價值

夏洛蒂·勃朗特是英國文學史上第一個表現女性追求獨立、自由主題的人，她的作品被視為“現代女性小說”的楷模。她的代表作《簡·愛》塑造了一個出身寒微，長相平庸的、矮小的簡愛，但她卻是一個有著強烈自尊個性魅力的女性，她的魅力在于個性的力量，她善于思考，捍衛人格獨立，敢于表達自己的愛憎。簡·愛用自尊、自愛與自強的內在美好人性喚醒了另一顆懂得珍惜女性的心靈，簡·愛的出現標志著歐洲文學史上新女性的誕生。

簡·愛這一形象一直被人們視為不甘屈辱、追求平等、為維護女性的人格尊嚴而勇于抗爭的精神典范，她雖然矮小，貧寒，長得又不美，但卻直爽，單純，倔強，自尊自立，敢于追求真正意義上的愛情。這種性格特征不知吸引了多少人，打動了了多少讀者的心。許多女權主義者都以簡愛為模范榜樣。

（三）研究的現實意義

而今社會中的“快餐愛情”，越來越讓人們瞠目結舌。愛情在本質上沒有貴賤之分,也沒有貧富之差，更沒有地域之別。可在現實生活中自古以來就存在著“門當戶對”、“磚門對磚門、土門對土門”的不良習俗，愛情在金錢與權勢面前出現的悲劇司空見慣。時至今日，在當今市場經濟的利益驅動下，拜金拜權主義的思潮滲透到婚姻和家庭之中，使愛情蒙上了灰暗的面紗，但這一切的背后現代女性渴望的卻是簡.愛般唯美的愛情。

愛情是個永恒不變的話題，細細品味就會發現，無論是簡·愛還是現代女性所追求的愛情都是以平等、以心靈的契合為前提的。一百多年前的簡·愛要求的愛情就是民主、平等的。同樣現代女性愛情的基礎也是平等與民主，而且對這方面的要求比簡·愛那個年代還要更高。在現代社會生活中，女人和男人是平等的，女人不再是家庭的附庸，她們不僅像男人一樣有自己的事業，同時擁有自己的朋友圈子，有自己的獨立空間。她們不僅要求物質上的平等，更要求精神上的相互尊重、相互理解，使彼此成為心靈的依靠與歸宿。

二、前人研究的狀況（需較具體分類分析）：

（一）情感角度，比如許藝萍《簡·愛和現代女性愛情觀比較》、孫偉民《自卑情結造就了簡愛鮮明的人格魅力——解析<簡·愛>》等等，這些作品大體上是從愛情、親情上分析的。

（二）人物形象角度，譚蒙革《簡.愛女性形象分析》、胡晴《論<簡愛>的女性意識》等等，主要是從簡.愛和現代女性的角度來寫的。

（三）生命意識形態角度，胡晴《論<簡·愛>的女性意識》、李紅萍《論簡愛獨立人格形象的塑造》等等，都是從簡.愛堅強的生命意識方面的問題。

（四）創作意識角度，黃興軍《<簡·愛>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小說<簡·愛>中女性反抗性格的形成》，是從簡·愛的思想意識方面寫的。

三、我的研究角度、研究的主要內容及創新之處：

（一）研究角度：從愛情的角度，對簡·愛與現代女性進行比較、歸納總結。

（二）研究的主要內容：主要研究的是簡·愛與現代女性的愛情，這里主要針對的是夏洛蒂《簡·愛》中的唯美愛情的存在意義。論文要表現出的比較主要從這兩大方面來進行描述：一方面是時代的對比，簡.愛與現代女性她們生活在不同的時代。另一方面是歸納她們各自對愛情的執著與自私。通過這兩大方面整體架構這篇論文，使得全文條理清楚，目的明確，使自己加深對簡.愛愛情精髓的理解，同時從深層次上感受唯美愛情的真諦，使自己浮躁的心靈得到一次深刻的洗禮。

（三）創新之處：打破對簡.愛愛情原來的認識，以具體的作品為文本，在簡.愛的性格特征、人物形象、愛情觀等問題上以新的理論為依據，與當今社會中的“快餐愛情”進行比較，對簡.愛的愛情進行新的認識。

四、研究步驟、方法

（一）研究步驟：本篇論文是文學性的論文，針對它的特點，我采用的研究步驟主要有以下幾個：搜集資料、整理資料、撰寫論文。搜集資料是寫好一篇論文的必要準備，材料的多少直接關系到論文內容的價值量的大小。我搜集資料的途徑主要是通過圖書館查詢、網絡搜索等等。資料搜集好以后就要對資料進行篩選和整理，要緊緊扣住本篇論文的中心對資料進行整理，去除于論題無關的，保留與論題有關的，使資料更系統化。最后一個步驟就是對整理好的資料進行加工，即撰寫論文。這個階段是最重要的一部分，首先要確定文章的主題，再者要注意文章的結構，另外遣詞造句也是必須要注意的問題。

（二）研究方法：文本分析、性格分析、比較分析等。

五、我的研究條件：

（一）基于我對簡.愛的了解。早在高中的時候我就讀了夏洛蒂的《簡·愛》，并在大學學習了外國文學后，對她的《簡·愛》有了進一步的了解，當然，最大程度上還是基于我對簡.愛對羅切斯特真誠而執著的愛而感動的，讀《簡·愛》使我對愛情的理解上升到另一個層次，所以我選擇了寫這個論題。

（二）相關資料比較豐富。國內外文學研究中對《簡·愛》的研究有很多，這就對我查找資料提供了方便，同時，在本校的圖書館中有很多有關研究《簡·愛》的書籍，這在很大程度上也減輕了我收集資料的負擔。

（三）時間充裕。現在已經是大四了，相對以往課程量要小的多，所以可以認真的去做收集資料、整理資料這一類事情，力爭為寫好這篇論文做好充分的準備。

六、主要參考文獻（10種以上）： [1]譚蒙革.簡.愛女性獨立形象分析[J].讀與寫雜志，2011，（5）.[2]周美池.論《簡·愛》不同時代的意義——以女主人公形象為例[J].時代文學，2009,（18）.[3]吳珊.讀《簡·愛》有感[J].時代文學，2009，(12).[4]劉麗.一個時代的女性吶喊與追求——談《簡·愛》中的典型人物簡.愛[J].2009,(10).[5]龔玲.論《簡·愛》的女性哥特式特征[J].黃岡師范學院學報，2011，（2）.[6]胡晴.論《簡·愛》的女性意識[J].安徽文學，2008，（5）.[7]李紅萍.論簡·愛獨立人格形象的塑造[J].泉州師專學報，1998，（1）.[8]李曉霞.從女權主義的角度解讀《簡·愛》[J].2010，（5）.[9]毛竹生.簡·愛的出走與自我實現[J].2001，（6）.[10]王康英.論《簡·愛》中女主人公簡愛對真愛的追求[J].科技信息，2008.七、指導老師意見：

第三篇：簡愛的愛情觀的分析

河北師范大學

高等教育自學考試本科畢業論文

題目:簡愛的愛情觀的分析——解讀《簡愛》

專

業:英語 考生姓名: 考生所在單位: 準考證號: 導師姓名: 聯系電話：

完成日期：

****年**月**日

An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Love Value

——On Jane Eyre

BY

***

Prof.*****，tutor

Submitted to the B.A.Committee in Partial Fulfillment for the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the English Department of Hebei Teachers University

February 14, 2012

Contents 摘 要????????????????????? III Abstract ????????????????????IV Introduction ???????????????????1 Chapter I Jane Eyre’s Love Value???????? 4

A.Her Rebellion and Love Value???????????? 4 B.Her Attitude Towards Men?????????????? 5 C.Her Female Consciousness 6

Chapter II The Formation of Jane Eyre’s Love Value ?8

A.The Background of the Society????????????8 B.The Formulation of Her Character ??????????9 C.The Love of Jane Eyre and Rochester ?????????10

Chapter III The Significance of Jane Eyre’s Love Value ???????????????????? 16

A.Showing Her Unique Character ?????????? 16 B.Awakening Her Feminist Consciousness???????? 17 C.The Growth of A New Woman ??????????????19

Conclusion ??????????????????? 20 Notes ??????????????????????22 Bibliography ??????????????????23

摘 要

《簡?愛》是一部自傳體小說，它是英國女小說家夏洛蒂?勃朗特的第一部長篇小說。作者以第一人稱的自敘手法，為我們描述了一個反抗社會壓力，充滿反叛和獨立精神的女性形象。小說以其獨特的藝術魅力，展示其充滿愛、激情與理性的深刻內涵。本文分析了文本的主要藝術形象，通過一系列例證揭示了作者的意圖和文本反映的主題。這種描述使文本人物形象豐滿，有血有肉，同時揭示了作者隱含在文本中的反叛思想。樸實的女主人公簡?愛，在傳統的社會壓力下，追求著自己的獨立和忠實的愛情。

關鍵詞 ：反抗，性格，愛情觀，女性意識

III

Abstract

Jane Eyre is a piece of autobiographical fiction, which is British woman novelist Charlotte Bronte’s first novel published in 1849.Creating a female image who is against social pressure with rebellion and independence.The novel is filled with love, passion and reason, and maintains its unique artistic charm.This thesis analyzes some major characters in the novel and takes a lot of examples to show the author’s intention and reflect the love theme.Bringing character to life also suggests the author’s resistant spirit.The heroine of Jane Eyre, a plain and little girl, lives under traditional pressure to pursue independence and love loyalty.This thesis aims at her sense of love.Under her rebellion and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love.Key Words: Resistance, character, love value, female consciousness

IV

Introduction This thesis discusses the love value of Jane Eyre.Jane Eyre is Charlotte’s best literary production.In writing it, the author drew a great deal from her own life-experience.The novel shows us a new woman on 19th century in England.Jane Eyre is one with a long history of literary works.It has a history of 152 years, it successfully portrays a women image who is dare to struggle, to fight for freedom and equality of status of the society.It is Charlotte Bronte’s best literary production.Bronte uses her experience as teacher and governess to address certain social ambiguities common in the 1800s.Though often better educated than their employers, governesses were socially far below them, not quite servant but definitely not equal.Morally, our heroine is several notches above the man she refers to as Master.Jane’s assertion to Rochester on more than one occasion that she is his equal is especially poignant.She declines to become his mistress, preferring to choose a path that leaves her penniless but not morally bankrupt.She declares, “The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself.”【1】

Erik Knies’ introduction of his edition is rich with insight about Bronte’s life and the creation of this classic novel.This is a great book to visit for the first time during the long cold winter, or revisit for those of us who haven’t picked it up in a decade or so.Beautiful language never goes out of style.Erik Knies said in his essay: “Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.”【2】

That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything.In the novel some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity.They attach importance to money and benefit.But in Jane’s opinion, money is not the only real object while emotions and morality are more important.She pays attention to honesty and kindness of people.And in this novel, the heroine’s adamancy, independent, rebellion fully displays her intense female consciousness.Female consciousness is woman’s self-consciousness of status in the objective world.It is a personal motive to stimulate women’s pursuit for independence, freedom, initiative, creativity.Concretely speaking, female consciousness means women wake up and fulfill her historical mission, social responsibility, personal obligation, meanwhile they know their self-feature well and take part in social activities in their own ways.This thesis aims at Jane Eyre’s sense of love.Under her rebellion 2 and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love.3 Chapter I Jane Eyre’s Love Value

Love is the most beautiful characteristic of human beings’ life.And love cannot be measured by status, power or property.To most people, they like to seek a meaningful, romantic relationship resulting in love, commitment, companionship and happiness.For people, it is most important that a man and a woman have heart and feelings that find a perfect response, and also have mutual affinity.Jane and Rochester get true love after a lot of sufferings.After acquaintance, then attracting each other, and falling in love deeply, they meet many obstacles.A.Her Rebellion and Love Value Jane is poor, plain and diminutive, but in front of love, she displayed the unusual courage and astonishing bold.She expressed her love to her lover bravely instead of licking her shoes and currying favoring with him.On the contrary, she expressed in just and severe terms that should maintain independence and keep initiative as well as the equality of the sexes.Rochester has fallen in love with her special personality.Just like Rochester said:“but regarding limpid vision, fluent enunciation, regarding that enthusiasm like fire mind, both full of affection and steady, also docile firm prefers death to humiliation the disposition, I am actually gentle and faithful forever”.【3】 What an exquisite summary, Rochester loves Jane Eyre’s character with kind, wise, self—respect and firm.She announced that the true basis of marriage could not be other, except love.A true love dose not depend on external conditions, it is based only on the mutual understanding, respect and attraction.This reflected her views about the value of human, she believed that the value of a person was not relied on the property, status and qualification as well as other external factors but on the internal factors such as thought, moral character, and intelligence and so on.Jane Eyre resolutely proved that true love could break through the gap between age, and background experience of the different natural or man-made barriers, so long as men and women could achieve the spiritual conjunction, mind communication.Marriage without love is not only painful but also pitiful.True love is mutual communication between hearts as well as mutual contribution.When Jane Eyre knew that Rochester was ready to marry pretty and young lady but still wanted Jane Eyre to stay with him, she got greatly hurt.Therefore, she announced loudly to Rochester: “Is it only because I am penniless, have an ordinary look and can not attract public attention that I have no soul and heart? I have the same rich heart as yours.I’m not speaking to you according to the conventions and customs nor with my flesh body.It is my soul that is pouring out to your soul, as if we two are passing through the tombs standing under the feet of God, absolutely equal to each other.” [4] This is not only the love mainfesto of seeking freedom and equality.B.Her Attitude Towards Men Jane Eyre left when she found the secret of Rochester’s mad wife.Rochester’s mad wife became the main hindrance between Jane and Rochester.Bertha Mason.Obviously, the plot is the criticism on English marriage system.However, Jane refused to cohabit with Rochester after their marriage was disclosed.She would rather get a marriage which is permitted and admired by other members in the society than be a mistress, which is looked down upon according to the leading trend of thought.Love is importantto Jane Eyre, but character and esteem is more important.“The more I am single, alone and no one to depend on, the more I respect myself”[5] what Jane Eyre wants is the love with respect.So she, refusing herself as Rochester’s lover and defending for her own dignity, has chosen the latter.It is known that men are superior to women.They go to good school;they can be officer;they can be businessmen as well;and they also have right to do everything.Women are only the affiliate of men.Women have no status.The reason why Jane Eyre gets highly apprises is that it portrays an image out of ordinariness.Jane Eyre is not reconciled to play the role that the society appointed.She maintains her respect by her hard working, wisdom, and the strong individualism.She believes that human is equal at God’s feet.The relationship between Jane Eyre and Rochester changes from host and servant to equal couple.Jane Eyre struggles continually to achieve equality and to overcome oppression.In addition to class hierarchy, she must fight against those who believe women are inferior to men.Three central male figures threaten her desire for equality and dignity: Mr.Brocklehurst, Edward Rochester, and St.John Rivers, each try to keep Jane in a submissive position, where she is unable to express her own thoughts and feelings.In her quest for independence and self—knowledge, she must escape from Brocklehurst, reject St.John and come to Rochester only after ensuring that they may get married equally.She will not rely solely on Rochester for love and she can be financially independent.Jane rejects marriages to Rochester and St.John because she understands she will have to forfeit her independence in the unions, and marry Rochester only when she has attained the financial independence and self-respect to maintain a marriage of equality.Jane Eyre’s rejection to John’s propose has further indicate her love view: a genuine love is equal, a marriage with love is happy.C.Her Female Consciousness Jane Eyre’s women consciousness is far beyond Victorian times.In 19th century, women did not have any status.They were discriminated against and conceived of as a people inferior to men.That was why Jane Eyre was criticized by some people.Lionel Stevenson said, “Jane Eyre was an intolerable renegade from all the standards of behavior expected of respectable girls.”[6]

In Jane’s life, she never stops struggling against miserable life and misfortune.She has not noble position, an illustrious background, wealth or a beautiful appearance.The only proud thing for her is her self-respect which is supported by her self-confidence and her staunch independence.She never expects that Rochester can love her because she thinks there is a big gap between them forever.When they fall in love, Jane has to keep her self-respect and impendence in case of losing herself.What she can give to Rochester is only her love, her infatuation, her spiritual support and nothing else.However, what Rochester gives her is more than hers.He can also improve Jane Eyre’s social status and increase her wealth.This situation makes her feel that they are not quite equal and her independence is also threatened.Jane’s women consciousness and her struggling experience set a brilliant example for the female worldwide.Her spirit encourages women to fight for liberation.Jane Eyre tells not only what an independent woman is like but also what a successful woman should do.7 Chapter II The Formation of Jane Eyre’s

Love Value The most distinctive character of Jane is the resistance, the continuous resistance.As a young girl, she is ill treated by her aunt, however, Jane Eyre finds her boundless confidence and tough spirit, and a kind of inner power cannot be defeated.Her resistance is related to her life environment.She is poor but aspiring, small in body but huge in soul.In her opinion, everyone is the same at God’s feet.A.The Background of the Society In the nineteenth century, Britain was full of male hegemony, the whole social ideology was at the centre of the male position to maintain social order, the power system and the mainstream group of male interests, so that women are in the edge of society, in terms of ideology dominated by male gender in the mainstream society.It will violate the order of Nature and religious tradition if a woman trys to cultivate her intellect.Jane Eyre fails to escape from the trend of thought, which is illustrated by a lot of factors.The work initiated the spirit of women seeking self-autonomy, at the same time, it still has a profound impact of contemporary society, the spirit does not yield to pressure, courage to challenge setbacks, seem commendable today.During the period from 1830s to 1840s, the labor movement was vigorously forging ahead in the Northern Industry Zone.There appeared gatherings and demonstrations with numerous participants who yelled the revolutionary slogans in Manchester and its neighboring factories and urban areas;then England practiced the reform of the bourgeois democracy under which the government departments seemingly carried out a series of measures for democratic reform.For instance passed the bill, the females worked to ten hours.However, it was far from the acquisition of the so-called right of equality even if the chartist movement didn’t come up with the proposal for equality of the opposite sexes.So then in the England, it was impossible for females to find a niche in the society, particularly the women falling within the category of the petty bourgeoisie though they were educated, yet they had no proprieties, so they lacked the very competitiveness in the marriage market and tended to suffer from snubs and poverty, having depended on other persons for support and being left stranded penniless.For those female of upper society, the marriage or life-long accompanied the parents became their finally choice.For the poor female in the society, no matter married or unmarried, all must in the farm, the inn, store and so on.After the industrial development initially, they can work in the factory.The description is a cruel picture of the reality of the 19th century in England.B.The Formulation of Her Character Jane was extremely firm and unyielding in character, when she held the wedding ceremony with Rochester in church, the identity of Rochester’s crazy wife was exposed, Jane suffered a severe test, she realized: wedding can not carry on, leaving in secret as what Rochester required was immoral, leaving him such a painful choice, but there was only one answer—leave him “I care about myself.”[7]

In spite of Rochester’s retaining repeatedly, she insisted on leaving, having nobody to turn to or for help all the way, even to the point of begging for food, she did not return.Having experienced so many hardships and sufferings, she never changed ,the natural characters of honesty in her, when her aunt, Mrs Read, who had mistreated her and left a severe wound in her childhood heart, was badly ill and dying.Jane returned to Gateshead Palace, expressed her sympathy for the helpless old woman, she learned to forgive her enemy.When confronted with a huge legacy inherited from her overseas uncle, Jane came up with a very wise solution which was neither greedy nor out of just, she divided the legacy equally with her cousins.After returning to St.Field, faced with the ruins burnt by a big fire and the former lover who had become a blind man, Jane didn’t show any disappointment and sadness at all, she was loyal to her love, she married Rochester determinedly in adversity.The belief and action of seeking for freedom and equality showed in Jane reflected, in effect, the requests of the newly rising bourgeoisie after the Industry Revolution.Though, as industry was developing very quickly, the whole England was at the transition from an agricultural country to an industrious one, the position of noble class was in imminent danger.The noble were still maintaining their social position with the class idea.The bourgeoisie who became increasingly stronger in economy had to break the old class idea in order to establish its corresponding political position and to prove that “everyone is equal before God”[8].The heroin, Jane Eyre who saw the freedom and equality as her own life, was completely different from the traditional women who were mild, submitted and dependent on men in economy.Her most distinctive character was rebellion, her resistance and rebellion were challenges against the traditional ideas, taking a rather complicated love story as the holder, Jane Eyre presents us a woman figure that embodied some requests of the newly born bourgeoisie, portrayed the spirit of the Industry Revolution Age, the purpose of this book was not simply calling for the compassion of the readers, but expressing her thoughts and emotions.C.The Love of Jane Eyre and Rochester Love is the most beautiful characteristic of human beings’ life.And love cannot be measured by status, power or property.To most people, they like to seek a meaningful, romantic relationship resulting in love, commitment, companionship and happiness.For people, it is most important that a man and a woman have heart and feelings that find a perfect response, and also have mutual affinity.Jane and Rochester get true love after a lot of sufferings.After acquaintance, then attracting each other, and falling in love deeply, they meet many obstacles.The environment of which Jane Eyre worked as a governess makes her the only subject for the master — Rochester to communicate with.As we know, Jane was sent to a charity school and stayed there for eight years.During the period, Jane suffered a lot, but at the same time she gained a lot, especially enriched and accumulated her knowledge and it’s the knowledge and experience which she learnt at Lowood laid her good foundation for the future work.And at Thornfield, Jane is the only intelligent person for Rochester to talk to although he didn’t want very much to talk with her.However, Rochester is a communicative person, he needs a person to be his listener.In Rochester’s opinion, it’s not impossible for Jane to know many things and learn a lot at the limited place—Lowood , however, he is learned, old enough to be her father and much experienced.So he can order her to do everything he likes, and when he talks with her, the superiority and condescension expresses thoroughly.And Rochester himself felt strange that he said “ should choose you(refer to Jane)for the confidant of all this, young lady: passing strange that you should listen to me quietly, as if it were the most usual thing in the world for a man like me to tell stories of his operamistresses to a quaint, inexperienced girl like you!” “you, with your gravity, considerateness, and caution were made to be the recipient of secrets.”[9]

But Jane can understand Rochester, so he wants to communicate with her because they can share the common language.Although Ingram is 11 attractive, accomplished and has a honourable family, she is apathetic, lofty and looks down upon others including the governess — Jane Eyre.And Ingram “used to repeat sounding phrases from books;she never offered, nor had, an opinion of her own.She advocate a high tone of sentiment;but she did not know the sensations of sympathy and pity: tenderness and truth were not in her.”[10]

After she observed her master attentively, Jane thought that: “ he is not of their(refer to Ingram and other rich people around Rochester)kind.I believe he is of mine;I am sure he is, I feel akin to him, I understand the language of his countenance and movements: though rank and wealth sever us widely, I have something in my brain and heart, in my blood and nerves, that assimilates me mentally to him.” [11]

From the passage above, we can see that Mr.Rochester is not easy to approach, and looks down upon others, especially persons ignorant of knowledge.If she has not studied six years and taught two years at Lowood School.Jane can’t advertise in the newspaper and get the job as the governess and she has no chance to communicate with her master in Rochester’s home if she hasn’t studied so much knowledge at Lowood.If they can’t communicate with each, they can’t know each other and it’s impossible for them to understand each other and even love each other.So we can’t imagine the linking up and understanding without knowledge.We always say that bad luck is precious property to a person.And there is a very famous saying: No pains, no gains.I think that Jane can get her job and love because of the severe management and her own hard-working at Lowood.And it’s her knowledge and experience learnt and accumulated at Lowood that makes our heroin Jane get her seeking justice and independence and in the end the love she is long for.From the first meeting with Rochester, we can see Jane’s position as a helper in Mr.Rochester’s mind.When one afternoon she is on her 12 way to the post office, Jane meets with Mr.Rochester unexpectedly.And after, she offers him help several times since he falls from his horse;Mr.Rochester still “had hardly turned his eyes in Jane’s direction before”[12].From this sentence we can see that Mr.Rochester is very haughty, he is not a man who is amiable and easy to approach.As an ordinary person, we should express our good manners to a stranger if others offers us help, but Mr.Rochester shows his ideas quite different.From their first meeting unexpectedly, Mr.Rochester knows the girl who helps him out of the trouble on his way to his home Thornfield is his governess.However, let’s see how our hero-Rochester’s attitude to Jane at his own home as a master.One evening when she is told at last by Mrs.Fairfax to have tea with Mr.Rochester in the drawing-room, Jane regards his first invitation as a ceremony and prepares it stately.From these statements above, it’s not difficult to see Mr.Rochester is a haughty and indifferent man either to his servant or to a person，he does not know much perhaps as far as he is concerned, he has nothing to say to his employees except giving them orders because he does not think his employees have the same languages to talk with.As we know, he is a bachelor and he has traveled many nations of the world.Not only the knowledge but also the experiences can make him superior to them.So he seems to look down upon any persons in his home.Mr.Rochester and Jane fall in love concerns and have revealed a lot of problem of United Kingdom society and tell to reader: What is the amatory basis? How to gain happy marriage? What position should the woman have in the family? That is to say, it is most important that a man and a woman have heart and feelings that find a perfect response, and also have mutual affinity.Shakespeare says: “the course of true love never runs smooth.” Jane and Rochester get true love after a lot of sufferings.Jane loves Rochester 13 deeply always-from the beginning to the end.There should be no distinction of property, rank or age in true love.Jane falls in love with Mr.Rochester.He who has rich experience and wisdom is softhearted, wealthy and in high rank as well as having pride and rudeness.Jane loves him, but not for his wealth and high rank, because he treats her equally and in a friendly manner, although she is poor and in low position.She is such an excellent girl, good, intelligent, considerate that Rochester is attracted to her.It is Jane not someone else Rochester loves.In order to lead a life of independence, Jane works as a governess at Thornfield Hall.She is looked down upon by the rich ladies of the fashionable society, but she never despises herself, she never feels herself inferior.She is satisfied with, and even proud of her honest, independence work.Rochester is attracted to her qualification of mind, courage, independence, and strong personality, and falls in love with her.But it is Jane Eyre who declares her love to Rochester before he makes his sentiment clear to her: “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?” she cries, “You think wrong!-I have as much soul as you,-and full as much heart!And if god had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you through the medium of custom, conversation, nor even of mortal flesh;it is my spirit that addresses your spirit;just as if both had passed though the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal, as we are!”

[13]

Here, “equal” is the word, she loves Rochester just because he regards her as a human being, or more importantly, as an equal person.Equality is what she strives for, and in him she finds what she strives for.It shows that Jane is not very mature in mind.Without Rochester, her material life can’t be affected, but she can’t part from Rochester 14 in spirit and emotion.Rochester wins Jane’s heart, because she feels they are kindred spirits, and because he is the first person in the novel to offer Jane lasting love and a real home.Jane is honest, noble, pure, intelligent not to accept contaminating of common customs society, she has accepted his love just now, and has agreed to get married with Rochester.15 Chapter III The Significance of Jane Eyre’s

Love Value

A.Showing Jane Eyre is important history of English classical literature, and it successfully created the first female image who can take the aggressive attitude for the love and life, social and religious.At the same time, she also dares to fight for freedom and equality for the women status.A.Showing Her Unique Character Jane Eyre is Charlotte’s best literary production.In writing it, the author drew a great deal from her own life-experience.Jane Eyre, the daughter of a poor parson.She loses her parents shortly after her birth and the poor girl has to live in her aunt’s home.Her aunt, Mrs.Reed, is a very unsympathetic woman and treats her very badly.One day, unable to bear the maltreatment any longer, Jane tells straight to her what she thinks of her.Mrs.Reed is so angry that she gets rid of Jane by sending her to a charity school which is just for poor girls in Lowood.Maltreatmented again by the cruel masters there, Jane stays there for eight long years, six in studies, and two in the capacity of a teacher.Then she gets the position of governess for the daughter of Mr.Rochester, a rich squire.Mr.Rochester falls in love with Jane and she also loves him so much.They are about to get married when Jane gets to know that Mr.Rochester has a mad wife who is secretly kept under lock and key in the attic of the house.Jane is shocked by this and she finds she can not persuade herself to stay.So she goes through many hardships.Nearly dying on the moors, she is taken in and saved by the Reverend St.John Rivers who also helps her to get the job as a teacher in a village school.Meanwhile, a great misfortune befalls upon Mr.Rochester : he loses his sight during a fire which destroys the house, set by his mad wife who dies tragically by jumping off the roof in spite of his attempt to save her.Hearing that Mr.Rochester is penniless and disabled, Jane Eyre hurries back to him and becomes his wife eventually.As an orphan ,since her early childhood, Jane feels exiled and ostracized at the beginning of the novel, and the cruel treatment she receives from her aunt Reed and her cousins only exacerbates her feeling of alienation.Afraid that she will never find a true sense of home or community, Jane feels the need to belong somewhere, to find “kin,” or at least “kindred spirits.”

In her search for freedom, Jane also struggles with the question what type of freedom she wants.While Rochester initially offers Jane a chance to liberate her passions, Jane comes to realize that such freedom could also mean enslavement—by living as Rochester’s mistress, she would be sacrificing her dignity and integrity for the sake of her feelings.St.John Rivers offers Jane another kind of freedom: the freedom to act unreservedly on her principles.He opens to Jane the possibility of exercising her talents fully by working and living with him in India.Jane eventually realizes that this freedom would also constitute a form of imprisonment, because she would be forced to keep her true feelings and her true passions always in check.Charlotte Bronte may have created the character of Jane Eyre as a means of coming to terms with elements of her own life.Much evidence suggests that Bronte, who also struggled to find a balance between love and freedom and to find others who understood her.At many points in the book, Jane shows the author’s opinions on religion, social class, and gender.B.Awakening Her Feminist Consciousness The unyielding pursuit, self-confidence based on knowledge and conscience, and the capacity of criticizing the reality from Jane Eyre, are the rational severeign spirit of “I think therefore I am” from Cartesian.It is with wisdom, courage and knowledge to build a newly-free social relation that Jane opposed initially, was dignified and gained approval and respect later.And with her hard-working devoting of self-proved spirit since childhood, she actively fought for the basic severeign right for love and marriage while obeying the golden moral rule of “has the earnest and on others”.From Jane, we can't see the charming and sensuous qualities of women in Turgenev's book;we can't see the hesitated and submissive qualities in Zola's and Maupasant's book;we also can't see the slavery destiny in Hardy's book.“Passive, dedication, gentle, elegant,” which was strongly described by the writers in the old days to educate and mold their generation and beyond, but was not allowed to be appeared in modern women.Experienced the long-term excercise in public and society, the unstable situation can't make the modern women complain and the teasing of fate can't make them surrender.Jane owns what these modern women should have.In this period that men's leading culture exists in every corner of women's life, Jane sternly removed the great and the strong of men.She deeply revealed that the men's power was built beyond women's ignorance and submissive, and she clearly understood that it's impossible for men to be women's rescuer because in contrast, sometimes men are in more need of being rescured by women.It is because of her strong will and always-sensible mind as well as her patience and calmness, Rochester trusts her more than anyone.Every time faced with danger, he instinctively turns to Jane and tells her “I need you” to gain the power to live again.We can say that in the association with Jane, Rochester is totally attracted by Jane's noble characteristic that he entirely relies on Jane mentally and lively.18 C.The Growth of A New Woman As a foreign literature, most of women who have read Charlotte's Jane like it so much.If we think Charlotte's just to write this touching love and write Jane Eyre.We are wrong.The author is also a woman living in the UK fluctuation change in the middle of the 19th century, when thoughts have a brand new start.While in Jane Eyre ,the most important is the thought of women’s independent consciousness.Let us imagine, if Jane's independence, have been killed in her miserable childhood, If she didn't have the independence and live together with those terrible relatives , Rochester, who has much money to start a new life of status, If she wasn’t that pure, now we only have moving tears for this.Conclusion From the paper it is seen that Jane Eyre is worthy to love and to be loved.Her love is based on equality and independence, having nothing to do with status, power or property.She is not tempted with money and doesn’t want to be mistress of Rochester for money.Her love is loyal and steadfast.Jane Eye needs true love, and she overcomes the obstacles in the process of pursing true love.At last, she succeeds and lives a happy life with her lover.Through the detailed analysis of Jane Eyre’s character, it is known that whatever difficulties one encounters in his life, facing them bravely is the only way that one can do.Everybody has the rights to pursue happiness, to pursue the true spirit of life, which can be seen from Jane Eyre’s independence and toughness.So there is a independent woman who pursues true love and equality, and is a good example of all women.Jane Eyre is an orphan, and was ill-treated as a little girl.She strives for her life, which makes her tough character and strong self-respect.Because of her childhood’s life environment, she learns how to live.Also just for her growing experiences, it creates her strong personality, beautiful ideal and wisdom.Jane Eyre is a special image out of ordinary.She makes a life by herself, dares to express her own idea.Under the pressure of life, she always maintains her self-respect by hard work, intelligence and her tough individualism.She never gives in on her way.Though she has little figure, Jane Eyre is huge in soul.She pursues true love and is loyal and steadfast to her beloved man.Her kindness, intelligence, and independence attract the hero.At last she gets a perfect love.We can also say that Jane written by Charlotte is not flawed, but she conforms with human feelings, she is a woman rather than an angel, 20 a soul with and blood of the soul, With all kinds of human weaknesses and the advantages of a woman rather than a model.This is her psychological choice, her values, and she is actively to the struggle to fight, to fight for their own happiness, which is her right, as everyone should be allowed to own better.21

Notes [1] Bronet Charlotte, Jane Eyre(Oxford University ,1990),17-19 [2]Erik Knies,The Art of Charlotte Bronte,(Athens:Universty,1987),29-46 [3] Harris,Laurie Lanzen, Jane Eyre Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism,(Detroit: Gale Research Company,1982),42-43.[4] Harris,Laurie Lanzen, Jane Eyre Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism,(Detroit: Gale Research Company,1982),52.[5] Bronet, Charlotte, Jane Eyre(Oxford University ,1990),20-25 [6]Martin,Robert

Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），23-24 [7] Bronet, Charlotte, Jane Eyre(Oxford University ,1990),35-37 [8] Martin,Robert

Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），66 [9] Eagleton,Terry, Modern Critical Interpretation: Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre,(Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987),50-56.[10]Martin,Robert

Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），30-34.[11] Martin,Robert Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），41-44.[12] Bronet Charlotte, Jane Eyre(Oxford University ,1990)，54-62 [13]Martin,Robert

Bernard，Charlotte Bronte’s Novels，（London:Faber,1966），53-57.Bibliography Bronte, Charlotte.Jane Eyre.Oxford University Press 1990.Eagleton, Terry.Modern Critical Interpretations: Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre.Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers,1987.Erik Knies.The Art of Charlotte Bronte.Athens:University,1969.Harris, Laurie Lanzen.Jane Eyre Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism.Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.Martin, Robert Bernard.Charlotte Bronte’s Novels.London:Faber, 1966.Oates, Joyce Carol.Introduction of Jane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte.New York: Bantam Books,1987.Patrica Thompson.The Noble Body of Governesses.London:Oxford University Press,1956.Williams M.Women in the English Novel.Macmillan Press Ltd,1984.陳圓圓，論《簡·愛》中的女性意識。湖北經濟學院學校報,2007,(1)杜榮芳，從《簡·愛》中的愛情與婚姻看兩性關系中女性的屈從地位。重慶工學院學報,2006,(10)田兆耀，《西方文學鑒賞》。北京：中國廣播電視出版社，2002 陶德臻，《世界文學名著選讀》。北京：高等教育出版社，2002 王守仁，《英國文學選讀》。北京：高等教育出版社，2005 楊正和，《外國文學名作欣賞》。北京：科學出版社，1999

第四篇：《呼嘯山莊》與《簡愛》簡要對比賞析

不要把時間花在多愁善感上，更不要隨波逐流的讓自己的情緒被別人牽著走，沉下心來冷靜思考。能不能把人際關系梳理好，能不能解決發生在你身邊的人的問題也是你今年事業發展的關鍵之一，建議你平復下來，不要把時間花在多愁善感上，更不要隨波逐流的讓自己的情緒被別人牽著走，沉下心來冷靜思考。

Wuthering Heights , It depicts an abnormal picture of social life for people and deeply outline the human nature which has been distorted by the unbalanced society.It also includes the hatred to betrary for love and

a series of terrifying events.The whole story contains four parts :The first section is to describe the happy childhood between Heathcliff and Catherine ,including their peculiar relationship in a condition out of the ordinary.And the second part emphasizes on Catherine who abandons their affections because of her vanity and ignorance.Finally ,she becomes the hostess of Thrush Heights.In the third section ,the author mainly and largely depicts Heathcliff who and how alerts his hatred to concrete stratagems and actions in deep despair.The last part ,it just refers to the death of Heathcliff ,but highlightly reveals the new change in his mind-----------the recovering human nature.It contributes to a delighting light in the love tragedy with the terrifying air.It also reflects the spirit of humanity of the author.On the other hand ,Wuthering Heights which is regarded as “The most peculiar novel ” in the literature history of British depends on that it is different from the other contemporary works filled with the sentimental tone.On the contrary ,it depicts the strong love and violent hatred along with a series of ferocious revenges ,shocking the spirit of man.---Jane is ，，,`s maiden book which was written in her writing career in a period of the greatest prosperity.love story is the main content of this novel which deeply depicts the firmness,courage and

persistence of the young woman whose name is Jane.Jane is a woman who is different from the other women in that times.she met many sufferings which included the death of her parents and uncle ,when she was a child.what`s worse ,she also had to confront the humiliation.she lived an painful childhood,including the abuse from her vicious aunt.But these bitter experiences didn`t intimidate the young woman.On the contrary , they not only strengthen her will ,but also improve her revolted spirit.In the whole novel ,her behaviors fully express her firm personality which is so strong.Heathcliff and Jane both tenaciously struggled with the unfair fate ,but they confronted it in two kinds of different ways.Heathcliff lived with the powerful hatredso that his purpose is to wipe out the humiliation.It is the time that he lost the back of spirit when he has achieved his aim.At that point ,it is no sense for him of living.But for the love story of this book called Jane , Jane profoundly understood the dignity which is not based on such revenges.she behaved freely and she is a woman with the honest,noble and pure mind.Even though facing the great love and a fine life ,she still insisted her fair dignity.At the same time ,she accepted her loved one who lost his wealth and still chose to marry with him when he went blind.In the end ,she luckily found out her true love.2009級英語師范系11班：袁興林

第五篇：《簡愛》中的三種愛情觀

《簡·愛》中的三種愛情觀

一、簡·愛獨立自主的愛情觀

簡·愛的思想發展是這部小說的中心。從一開始，簡就有一種很強的自我意識——追求價值和尊嚴，勇敢地追求自由平等和獨立自主。在羅切斯特的面前，她從不因為自己是一個地位卑微的家庭教師而感到自卑，她認為他們是平等的。她的正直、高尚、純潔，她的心靈沒有受到世俗社會的污染，所以羅切斯特為之震撼，把她看成一個可以和自己在精神上平等交談的人。簡的獨立性在整部小說的情節發展中不斷地得到了驗證。

在不知伯莎的存在時，簡·愛對羅切斯特一往情深卻又不免擔憂。她要追求的不僅是一場浪漫的愛情，還追求一種自我價值。這跟她的成長經歷有很大的關系，因為她從小就是孤兒。小說一開始就寫道：她感到無家可歸，流離失所，再加上舅媽和堂兄對她粗暴殘忍，使得她備受社會的疏離，永遠也無法找到家的感覺，她迫切需要親人、需要關愛。當她來到桑菲爾德，遇上羅切斯特的時候，沒多久便暗暗喜歡上了他。在羅切斯特看來，簡是一個很特別的女孩，不像維多利亞時期的平凡女子一樣追求財富和美貌、名利和地位。

盡管羅切斯特的表白和求婚讓簡感到非常高興，但也不免憂慮和擔心。因為她一直渴望自由自在的生活，婚姻就意味著束縛和屈服，意味著她要對他負責、受他的控制。當羅切斯特揮金如土，為她添購絲綢、珠寶的時候，她變得更加敏 感，覺得自己就像是一個被蘇丹寵愛的奴隸。她說：“他越是給我買東西，我的臉越是發燒，有一種煩惱和低人一等的感覺。”她反對羅切斯特稱她為“天使”，也不喜歡他像打扮一個玩偶一樣打扮她。她說：“我是一個有思想、有感覺的人。” 為了保持自己的獨立，她決定繼續做阿戴爾的家庭教師。這一切都清楚地表明簡具有很強的獨立自主意識。然而在得知伯莎的存在以后，簡·愛對羅切斯特盡管依依不舍卻又堅決選擇了離開。就在婚禮舉行的當天，羅切斯特的瘋妻的弟弟出現了，他知道羅切斯特另娶了新妻，便出來強行干涉。這讓簡不禁想起了那可怕的笑聲、那場神秘的大火、那撕破了婚紗的陌生人??發生在桑菲爾德有如此多 的奇怪的事情！她告訴自己必須要離開。

離開桑菲爾德是簡作出的最大的決定。從羅切斯特那里，她找到了渴望已

久的愛情，桑菲爾德是她第一個真正的家，離開了它仿佛就是離開了自己。但是，作為羅切斯特的情婦跟他生活在一起，卻又意味著自我妥協，那是她最不想要的。甚至在知道伯莎的存在以前，她就覺得嫁給羅切斯特是一種冒險，他們壓根兒就不會平等，她害怕羅切斯特把她當玩物一樣對待，更要命的是，嫁給一個地位比 她高的人，讓她有負債感。簡清楚地看到了她與羅切斯特的這種關系意味著自尊的喪失、意味著他對她的控制。她認為這是道德上的過錯，她無法接受自己去做這樣的事情。盡管桑菲爾德是她唯一的家，羅切斯特的求婚又讓她有了幸福感和歸屬感，但是她知道，留在這兒也就意味著一種自我禁錮。因此，在能夠離開的時候她還是堅決選擇了離開。

在桑菲爾德遭遇大火之后，簡和羅切斯特重歸于好，找到了幸福的歸宿。離開了桑菲爾德以后，簡在莫爾頓過著簡樸的生活，給一群窮孩子們做老師。她在經濟上是獨立的，并且擔當了一個重要的角色。她對待傳教士圣·約翰的態度也充分地證明了她的獨立自主性。當她要答應嫁給他的時候，簡聽到了羅切斯特的呼喊。她便拒絕了他，再次來到了桑菲爾德。到那兒才發現桑菲爾德已經被燒成了平地，羅切斯特也變成了殘疾，他失明了，一條手臂也沒有了。他要靠她才能走路、才能看書，羅切斯特身體上的殘疾需要簡成為他的主人。大火燒掉了羅切斯特的莊園，還讓他失去了雙眼，讓他頃刻間變得一貧如洗。簡卻截然相反，就在那個時候，她從叔叔那兒接過一大筆遺產。他們的經濟地位已經發生了逆轉。她完全可以放棄愛情、放棄現有的貧窮而孤獨的生活。然而，她卻采取了一種相 反的舉動—結束了尊嚴與愛之間的徘徊，決定嫁給他。因為只有在能夠自給自足的情況下，她才肯跟羅切斯特結婚。她說：“在愛情和尊嚴之間，她只想求得內心的平靜，一顆不被過多的恩賜壓碎的心。”她不愿成為依附他的主人。只有在平等的情況下，婚姻才能夠成立。

二、羅切斯特感性至上的愛情觀

羅切斯特出身于名門望族，因為不是長子，沒有財產繼承權。他的父親“既想使自己的家產不至于分散，又想讓他也有財產以保持家族的聲望”，和他哥哥一起幫他找了個對象，也就是后來發了瘋的伯莎·梅森，在他“還不知道是怎么回事時就和她結婚了”。婚后短暫的婚姻生活讓羅切斯特徹底看清了伯莎的性格品質，使他意識到“自己從來沒愛過她，從來沒敬重過她，甚至從來沒有了解過

她”。

羅切斯特從自己的妻子那兒得不到愛情的安慰，但心里又渴望著愛情，但他的愛情觀依然停留在感性層面。首先，羅切斯特已經結了婚，不管他的妻子是不是瘋了，是不是能夠履行夫妻義務，在法律上他已經是一個女人的丈夫了，就不 能和其他女子再組成家庭，但羅切斯特認為他“應該有自由去愛和被愛”，在他心目中，愛情已經凌駕于道德法律之上。其次，為了試探簡的內心想法，羅切斯 特特地邀請了英格拉姆小姐一干人等到桑菲爾德莊園做客，并且刻意地討好英格拉姆小姐，造成他似乎要向她求婚的假象，以此想使簡產生妒忌的心理。他還假扮吉普賽人，假裝給未婚女子們算命，想進一步地窺視簡的情感世界。這樣的做法其實至少傷害了兩個人，一個是英格拉姆小姐，另一個是簡·愛。羅切斯特利用自己手中的權勢地位財富玩著愛情游戲，口口聲聲說著愛，但其行為又是何等的冷酷。再次，當和簡·愛的結婚計劃被粉碎時，羅切斯特竟提議到法國去過同居生活，幻想著和簡·愛“廝守在一塊兒”，“過著幸福、安全、無憂無慮的生活”，“相伴到老”。羅切斯特給讀者描繪了一副溫暖美麗的圖畫，只考慮到自己的精神需求，卻沒有想到這樣做會給他人帶來怎樣的后果。

三、圣約翰理性至上的愛情觀

與羅切斯特的感性至上的愛情觀形成鮮明對比的是圣約翰理性至上的愛情觀。在圣約翰身上，理智戰勝情感，為主工作的精神壓制了人類的正常感情，甚至可以拿圣潔的愛情來為之殉道。

第二個體現就是圣約翰對伴侶的選擇。他承認自己“發瘋似地愛著羅莎蒙德·奧利弗”，可是同時“卻冷靜而清醒地意識到，她不會成為他的好妻子，她不是那種適合于他的伴侶”。對他來說，結婚不過是手段，是實現自己傳教理想的工具。在日常的相處中，圣約翰看到了簡·愛身上的“溫順、勤奮、無私、忠實、堅貞、勇敢，非常文雅，又頗具英雄氣概”等品質。圣約翰發現簡的這些品質非常適合做一名傳教士的妻子，有利于自己實現未來的宗教目標，于是充滿功利地愛上了“實用性”極強的簡·愛，命令她和自己一起學習印度斯坦語，并極力勸說她做自己的配偶兼助手去印度實現其殉道的使命，顯然，圣約翰的理性至上的愛不符合人情，也不符合道德。第三個體現就是圣約翰對婚姻的態度。他要求簡·愛嫁給他，卻不會給她想要的愛情，但卻希望有一個真實的婚姻關系。圣

約翰給不了簡愛情，卻要求簡身心都屬于他，這種“奉獻的”愛情觀體現了圣約翰人性中自私自利、虛偽的一面。

縱觀《簡·愛》中的三種愛情觀，女主人公簡·愛向往追求的愛情符合道德法律規范，能經受得住時間、空間、財產和地位的巨大變遷的考驗，婚姻生活中夫妻雙方有心靈的默契、人格的獨立和個性的魅力；羅切斯特只想要愛情，隨心所欲，置道德法律規范于不顧；圣約翰只要婚姻，并且把妻子看成是他實現自己理想的一個工具。相較之下，一個有思想、有見解的獨立自主的女性簡·愛的愛情觀健康純潔，符合人性，符合常理。夏洛蒂通過刻畫這樣一個獨立自主的文學形象，并注入一些自己的親身經歷以及宗教觀念，既表達了她對男性壓迫者的強烈抗議，又表達了她追求獨立自主、自由平等的女權主義思想。簡·愛作為一個以“獨立自主”而著稱的文學形象，吸引并激勵著越來越多的女性去效仿。