第一篇：《小婦人》與《傲慢與偏見》中女性愛情觀對比研究

英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

最新英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，都是近期寫作

論《一個(gè)溫和的建議》中的黑色幽默 從傳統(tǒng)消費(fèi)觀念看中美文化差異

兩個(gè)反叛的女人——姚木蘭和斯佳麗之對比分析 析《麥田里的守望者》霍爾頓?考爾菲德的性格特征 凱瑟琳?曼斯菲爾德《幸福》中的女性主義解讀 《紅樓夢》楊霍兩譯本建筑名比較

An Analysis of the Ambivalent Character of Frederick Winterbourne in Daisy Miller 《名利場》中的女主人公性格分析

論伊恩?麥克尤恩作品《贖罪》中的道德觀

Comparisons between Chinese Educationists and Western Educationists 美劇字幕中的譯者主體性——以美劇Gossip Girl第一季為例 霍桑《紅字》女性主義的探析

The Lexical Features of Black English in RAP Music and its Influence 論本杰明?富蘭克林《自傳》 中的美國精神 社會(huì)因素對漢語中英語外來詞的影響 論有效開展小學(xué)英語對話教學(xué)的策略 目的論視角下旅游景區(qū)公示語誤譯的研究 源于真愛的結(jié)合：簡愛的婚姻對當(dāng)代人的啟示 從目的論的角度談商標(biāo)翻譯的原則及技巧

The Study of Joseph Conrad’s Colonialism in Heart of the Darkness 英漢新詞對比研究

淺析英語廣播新聞的語言特色 英語教學(xué)中的跨文化意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)

從《芒果街上的小屋》透視女性自我意識(shí)的覺醒 王爾德家庭道德觀在《認(rèn)真的重要性》中的體現(xiàn) 小說《魯濱遜漂流記》中的精神力量分析 中美家庭教育與個(gè)人能力培養(yǎng) 英漢產(chǎn)品簡介的對比分析

詮釋《兒子與情人》中兒子、母親、情人之間的關(guān)系 論《都柏林人》中的情感癱瘓

福克納對女性形象的塑造—以《獻(xiàn)給艾米麗的玫瑰》和《士兵的報(bào)酬》為例 從《嘉莉妹妹》看美國夢與道德觀

被壓抑的墮落的人性——《包法利夫人》女主人公性格分析 談麗莉的悲劇－－不夠懦弱到隨波逐流，又不夠勇敢到逃離反抗 論莎士比亞的宗教思想 論福斯塔夫的性格

《貴婦的畫像》的過渡性特征的分析研究 中英姓名的文化內(nèi)涵

英漢語篇中的省略銜接手段對比及其翻譯方法——以《雪》譯文為例 分析與比較中美電視新聞的娛樂化，及其未來的發(fā)展

極致現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與現(xiàn)代自然主義──分析杰克倫敦小說《野性的呼喚》 論非言語交際行為與外語教師素質(zhì)的關(guān)系 英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

英語基本味覺詞“甜/苦”的隱喻機(jī)制 44 旅游宣傳資料翻譯中的語用因素 45 對《憤怒的葡萄》中圣經(jīng)原型的分析

托馬斯哈代與張愛玲作品中女性悲劇命運(yùn)對比研究——以苔絲和顧曼楨為例 47 中美婚姻時(shí)間選擇的對比研究

商務(wù)活動(dòng)中的習(xí)俗、禮節(jié)和禮儀探析

On the Conflicts Reflected in the Character of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye 50 Translation of the Implied Meaning in Communication 51 電影《蒙娜麗莎的微笑》中女主人公性格淺析 52 從《打魚人和他的靈魂》看王爾德的唯美主義 53 On Symbolism in Hemingway's Cat in the Rain 54 文化負(fù)遷移對翻譯的影響

從跨文化交際角度看電影片名翻譯

The Reasons Why Robert Cohn is Despised by All in The Sun Also Rises 57 人格、環(huán)境與命運(yùn)——以弗洛伊德“人格結(jié)構(gòu)理論”分析《還鄉(xiāng)》中的主要人物命運(yùn) 58 論《喧嘩與躁動(dòng)》中的女性形象

An Analysis of Shelley's Prometheus Unbound 60 從女性主義角度分析簡愛的女性意識(shí)

The Politeness Principle in English Business Letters 62 從順應(yīng)論角度看勞倫斯小說中關(guān)于心理動(dòng)機(jī)的語碼轉(zhuǎn)換 63 《純真年代》中艾倫?奧倫斯卡和梅?韋蘭的人物命運(yùn)分析

An Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Mary Turner in The Grass Is Singing 65 論《麥田里的守望者》的意義 66 英語課堂中的非傳統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)策略

《麥田里的守望者》中霍爾頓的追求和理想的分析 68

從歸化與異化的角度研究《金鎖記》的翻譯策略 70 英語專業(yè)新生英語閱讀習(xí)慣調(diào)查

從中西文化差異對英語口語教學(xué)的探討

從許淵沖“三美論”看中國古典詩歌翻譯的不可譯和創(chuàng)造性再現(xiàn) 73 金錢決定婚姻 74 苔絲悲劇原因探究 75 英語委婉語的內(nèi)涵

淺析多麗絲?萊辛《天黑前的夏天》中凱特的多重身份 77 《荷塘月色》的兩個(gè)英譯版本的比較研究 78 跨文化商務(wù)談判中的語用原則分析 79 五官習(xí)語的翻譯

On the Unique Narrating Methods and Writing Skills in Brideshead Revisited 81 An Analysis of the Stylistic Features and Pragmatic Functions of Network Language 82 On House’s Model for Translation Quality Assessment——A Case Study of Li Mi’s Chen Qing Biao 83 《好人難尋》中哥特手法運(yùn)用的分析

中國旅游指南的中譯英研究（開題報(bào)告+論）

Saussure’s Five Contributions to Linguistic Study and Its Modern Applications 英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

中外大學(xué)校訓(xùn)對比研究 87 《白鯨》原型批判的分析

From Dormancy to Revival—A Feminist Study on Kate Chopin’s Awakening 89 淺析《飄》中斯嘉麗的婚姻觀 90習(xí)語的文化現(xiàn)象及翻譯策略研究

對《卡斯特橋市長》主人公亨查德矛盾性格的分析 92 宋詞英譯中的歸化和異化

《榆樹下的欲望》之農(nóng)場意象－－基于生態(tài)女性主義的分析 94 論托尼·莫里森《寵兒》中的模糊化現(xiàn)象 95 中美婚姻價(jià)值觀對比

論英語演講開場的決定性因素和相關(guān)策略

從傳播美學(xué)分析國內(nèi)暢銷知名化妝品廣告中的譯文 98 Teleology, Religion and Contexts 99 英語流行語的文化內(nèi)涵

語義翻譯與交際翻譯在英語專業(yè)八級翻譯考試中的應(yīng)用 101 分析《土生子》中的種族主義的惡性影響

An analysis of Female Images in The House on Mango Street from the Perspective of Feminism 103 論小說《德庫拉》中的哥特元素 104 愛與正義：《殺死一只知更鳥》主人公阿提克斯?芬奇形象解讀 105 American Country Music 106 從功能對等角度看公示語的翻譯

論象征在海明威《永別了，武器》中的應(yīng)用 108 中西方婚俗文化及差異

功能對等理論下漢語新詞英譯研究 110 勞倫斯小說中的女性形象

中西跨文化交際中的禮貌問題之比較分析 112 從文化角度淺析中美兩國幽默的特點(diǎn) 113 兒童英語游戲教學(xué) 114 中美兩國家庭文化差異 115 寫作教學(xué)中的范文教學(xué)

從《嘉莉妹妹》看本性與理性的斗爭

性格、學(xué)習(xí)策略和英語學(xué)習(xí)成績的關(guān)系研究 118 論英美文學(xué)作品中的人名寓意及翻譯 119 課本劇在高中英語教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用與研究 120 商務(wù)英語信函文體分析

On Sister Carrie’s Broken American Dream from the Perspective of Psychology 122 譯者主體性觀照下的中文菜名英譯 123 激勵(lì)小學(xué)生積極說英語的教學(xué)法

An Analysis of the Initiation Theme in The Child in Time 125 漢語習(xí)語中文化負(fù)載詞的英譯

從語言的角度分析《麥田里的守望者》中霍爾頓的兒童形象 127 女性主義視角下《傲慢與偏見》的情態(tài)意義解讀 128 論奧巴馬就職演講詞的排比修辭 英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

論關(guān)聯(lián)理論對旅游資料英譯的指導(dǎo)意義 130 艾米麗·狄金森的詩歌主題分析 131 論《科利奧蘭納斯》的政治悲劇

Cultural Barriers in Communication between Chinese and Americans 133 An Analysis of Memoirs of a Geisha from the Perspective of Existentialist Feminism 134 英漢動(dòng)物詞匯文化內(nèi)涵對比 135 《釵頭鳳》英譯本的對比研究

文類、歷史與受眾心態(tài)——論小說《紅字》的電影改編 137 《哈利波特》系列小說的浪漫主義情節(jié)分析

從生態(tài)和消費(fèi)的角度解讀《瓦爾登湖》中梭羅的思想 139 文體學(xué)視覺下的英語商務(wù)信函的禮貌表現(xiàn) 140 解讀海明威小說《老人與海》中的生態(tài)意識(shí) 141 《紫顏色》對女性主義概念的延伸及新闡述 142 中英諺語的文化差異與翻譯

Growing Pains—An Analysis of J.D.Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye as a Bildungsroman 144 暗夜中的精靈——論《尋歡作樂》中的羅西 145 美國C標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對中國英語教育的影響

解析威廉布萊克《老虎》中的修辭運(yùn)用及其對英語寫作的啟示 147 《我彌留之際》中的荒誕性元素

Oscar Wilde’s Aestheticism on The Picture of Dorian Gray 149 論英語演講開場的決定性因素和相關(guān)策略 150 中文商標(biāo)英譯研究

151 從愛倫·坡《黑貓》探討人性的善良與邪惡 152

153 The Symbolic Meanings of Plant Terms in Chinese and English: Comparison and Translation 154 紅色，英漢詞匯差異的文化理據(jù) 155

156 奧巴馬演講詞的人際意義研究

157 論王爾德在《道林格雷的畫像》中的美學(xué)思想 158 解讀《覺醒》中的個(gè)人主義

159 跨文化交際中的語用失誤分析及策略研究 160 電影字幕漢譯的歸化與異化 161 《蠅王》中的象征

162 從民族文化心理差異角度看功能對等論在商標(biāo)翻譯中的運(yùn)用 163 中西方創(chuàng)世神話文化的比較 164 《蠅王》中的人物原型研究

165 從順應(yīng)論的角度談?dòng)⑽碾娪捌臐h譯 166 中美家庭價(jià)值觀差異淺析

167 文化差異視角下的英語稱謂語的翻譯策略 168 論禮貌原則在國際商務(wù)信函的應(yīng)用

169 英語流行歌曲中隱喻的功能分析——以后街男孩的歌曲為例 170 分析《悲慘世界》中冉?阿讓的人物形象 171 網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下英語專業(yè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)策略研究

172 南方時(shí)代變遷中的勝利者與失敗者——《飄》中主要角色的性格與命運(yùn)對比 英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費(fèi)參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

173 Error Analysis on English Writing by Senior High School Students 174 《安尼爾的鬼魂》中“鬼魂”的象征意義探究

175 General Principles and Features of Legal English Translation 176 論《大衛(wèi)科波菲爾》中人物個(gè)性與時(shí)代背景的關(guān)系 177 《通天鐵路》中超驗(yàn)主義與清教思想救贖觀沖突之探析 178 愛倫坡短篇小說中死亡主題解析 179 中美企業(yè)文化研究

180 對文化差異引起的誤譯的研究 181 《夜訪吸血鬼》中的模糊性別觀 182 中國紡織業(yè)出口現(xiàn)狀和對策

183 偉大理想的毀滅——《遠(yuǎn)大前程》和《了不起的蓋茨比》 184 論基督教教義對美國人慈善觀的影響 185 論《麗塔海華絲和肖申克救贖》中的反諷 186 德伯家的苔絲中苔絲的悲劇成因分析 187 論美國垮掉的一代和中國后 188 目的論下英語廣告仿擬格的漢譯 189 初中英語教學(xué)中的角色扮演 190 目的論視角下公益廣告的翻譯

191 外貿(mào)函電寫作中存在的誤區(qū)及其對策 192 英漢恭維語及其應(yīng)答對比研究 193 廣告英語的特點(diǎn)及其翻譯探索

194 從功能理論角度分析電影《點(diǎn)球成金》字幕翻譯

195 《小婦人》與《傲慢與偏見》中女性愛情觀對比研究 196 論《等待戈多》中的等待

197 The Difference between Chinese and American Family Education 198 做最好的自己—論斯佳麗形象對現(xiàn)代女性的教育意義 199 背誦在英語學(xué)習(xí)中的作用

200 《哈利波特》系列里哈利波特與伏地魔的二元對立分析

第二篇：淺析《詩經(jīng)》中女性的愛情觀（定稿）

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

淺析《詩經(jīng)》中女性的愛情觀

【摘要】《詩經(jīng)》中的愛情詩情感真摯、自然明快、熱烈高雅、純樸清新，反應(yīng)了當(dāng)時(shí)人們的內(nèi)心情感世界、精神面貌及當(dāng)時(shí)人對愛情的憧憬向往、追求甚至怨恨。以現(xiàn)代人的視角從不同角度理解當(dāng)時(shí)女性的愛情觀：女性的擇偶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、女性怎樣看待愛情、女性對愛情的深刻反思，通過這些愛情觀去感受時(shí)人怎樣追求幸福美好的愛情，怎樣面對愛情的悲歡離合。【關(guān)鍵詞】 詩經(jīng) 女性 愛情觀

愛情是人類亙古不變的話題，從古至今，誕生了不少以愛情為主題的經(jīng)典詩歌。《詩經(jīng)》作為我國第一部詩歌總集，包含了眾多經(jīng)久不衰的愛情詩。這些詩歌情感真摯、自然明快、熱烈高雅、純樸清新，反應(yīng)了當(dāng)時(shí)人們的內(nèi)心情感世界、精神面貌及當(dāng)時(shí)人對愛情的憧憬向往、追求甚至怨恨。“《詩經(jīng)》中的愛情詩不僅數(shù)量多，而且展示了完整愛情的過程，凡屬戀愛婚姻生活里所有的憂喜得失，悲歡離合，都在這些詩里得到了生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)。在這里既有初戀時(shí)的甜美羞澀和抨然心動(dòng)，也有熱戀時(shí)的激情澎湃和海誓山盟，既有沉述于愛的忘乎所以和歡樂飛揚(yáng)，又有愛無所愛的無可奈何和凄切哀傷；既有戀愛過程的現(xiàn)實(shí)場景和具象細(xì)節(jié)，又有對愛憾真諦的精神叩問??”[1](p1)，“莎士比亞曾說：‘愛情不是花蔭下的甜言，不是桃花源中的蜜語，不是輕綿的眼淚，更不是死硬的強(qiáng)迫，愛情是建立在共同語言的基礎(chǔ)上的’，愛情是人類特有的情感，是人類精神世界不竭的動(dòng)力之一”[2]，《詩經(jīng)》中的女性怎樣看待愛情，怎樣面對愛情，她們的愛情觀究竟如何，下面將從現(xiàn)代人的視角品讀《詩經(jīng)》中的愛情詩，走進(jìn)女性的內(nèi)心世界，可以體會(huì)當(dāng)時(shí)女性所具有的愛情觀。

一、強(qiáng)調(diào)外在美與內(nèi)在美的擇偶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

“詩經(jīng)時(shí)代的愛情,盡管處處昭顯著遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的古樸痕跡,但它早已不再是人類童年時(shí)期的純生理本能的需求了,在他們追求異性的過程中,已經(jīng)有了明確的擇偶標(biāo)準(zhǔn),他們表達(dá)著自己內(nèi)心真實(shí)、高尚、純潔的情感,這種情感是健康的、質(zhì)樸的,也是動(dòng)人的、嚴(yán)肅的”[3]，所以愛情有了一見鐘情、日久生情，《詩經(jīng)》中的女子一見便傾心的到底是什么樣的男子，為什么這樣的男子就能獲

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

取芳心。雖然詩經(jīng)中的女子沒有直接表達(dá)自己要選擇什么樣的對象，但仔細(xì)品讀《詩經(jīng)》中有關(guān)女性的愛情詩，不僅可以透視她們內(nèi)心對愛情的憧憬，對愛情的渴盼，還可以了解當(dāng)時(shí)女子的擇偶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，了解她們對愛情的認(rèn)識(shí)。

（一）金玉其外

人們都說愛美之心人皆有之，女人不僅希望自己漂亮，同時(shí)把這個(gè)漂亮泛化，轉(zhuǎn)移到自己的伴侶身上，她們希望自己的伴侶也能有漂亮的容貌。西方女人把理想的情人稱為白馬王子，王子難免是玉樹臨風(fēng)、瀟灑浪漫、氣宇軒昂的。而東方人眼中的美男子到底什么樣子，且看《紅樓夢》中的寶玉，他“面若中秋之月，色如春曉之花，鬢若刀裁，眉如墨畫，面如桃瓣，目若秋波。”[4](p14)當(dāng)然，寶玉只能代表部分女子心中的美男子形象。而在詩經(jīng)中，女人心儀的 “美”男子或身材高大魁梧、或銅筋鐵骨、或英俊瀟灑、或儀表堂堂、或美如冠玉、或容光煥發(fā)、或衣冠楚楚、或健步如飛??，如《國風(fēng)﹒邶風(fēng)﹒簡兮》：

簡兮簡兮，方將《萬舞》。日之方中，在前上處。碩人俁俁，公庭《萬舞》。有力如虎，執(zhí)轡如組。左手執(zhí)龠，右手秉翟。赫如渥赭，公 言錫爵。山有榛，隰有苓。云誰之思？西方美人。彼美人兮，西方之人兮。[5](p34)

這個(gè)在公庭上演《萬舞》的男子之所以讓她心花怒放，那魁梧高大的身材、有力如虎的臂膀、如染色的臉龐在女子心中烙下深深的印記。他的形象正好符合女子心中對男子的審美要求：“有美一人，碩大且卷。??有美一人，碩大且儼”[5](p119)、“不如叔也，洵美且武”[5](p67)、“彼其之子，美如英。美如英，殊異乎公行”[5](p89)

、“彼其之子，美無度。美無度，殊異乎公路”

[5](p89)、“彼其之子，美如玉。美如玉，殊異乎公族”[5](p89)。這樣的男子也是中國傳統(tǒng)的美男子形象，她的心完全被他占據(jù)，原來他就是自己期盼已久的夢中的愛人，“有美一人，傷如之何！”[5](p119)。女子既對他有仰慕之思，對他的美贊嘆不已，也對他產(chǎn)生了濃濃的愛意，可以說愛情是隨著對美的不斷追求而產(chǎn)生的。在這過程中，女子愛情擇偶觀也不斷的展現(xiàn)出來：“高大健壯，英俊勇武是 2

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

時(shí)人愛情觀中的美學(xué)取向”[6](p117)。

(二)美絮其中

美貌當(dāng)然只是女子擇偶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，“金玉其外，敗絮其中”并不是她們想要的結(jié)果。中國人對什么事情都喜歡有個(gè)圓滿結(jié)局，尤其對愛情，更希望男才女貌，終成眷屬。從古至今，沒有哪位女子不喜歡君子，有關(guān)君子的解說也舉不勝舉。就《關(guān)雎》中的君子而言，“當(dāng)指那些品德純正、有一定的學(xué)識(shí)的男子”[3]。總之《詩經(jīng)》中的女子欣賞的他或技藝超群、或幽默風(fēng)趣、或才華橫溢、或情深意重、或德行顯赫、或胸懷博大......，他就是品德兼修的化身，如《國風(fēng)﹒衛(wèi)風(fēng)﹒淇奧》：

瞻彼淇奧，綠竹猗猗。有匪君子，如切如磋，如琢如磨。瑟兮僴兮，赫兮咺兮，有匪君子，終不可諼兮！瞻彼淇奧，綠竹青青。有匪君子，充耳琇瑩，會(huì)弁如星。瑟兮僴兮，赫兮咺兮，有匪君子，終不可諼兮！瞻彼淇奧，綠竹如簀。有匪君子，如金如錫，如圭如璧。寬兮綽兮，猗重較兮，善戲謔兮，不為虐兮！[5](p49)

用“綠竹”起興，因?yàn)橹袷撬木又唬岛牟赊绒鹊乃缰裼懈邼嵉钠焚|(zhì)。內(nèi)秀是當(dāng)時(shí)女子對男子的要求：“如切如磋，如琢如磨”[5](p49)，光彩照人，精神勇武，德行顯赫，美名遠(yuǎn)播；他“如金如錫，如圭如璧”[5](p49)，不僅心胸寬大，舉止風(fēng)雅，還具有“善戲謔兮，不為虐兮！”[5](p49)的浪漫風(fēng)度，女子羨慕贊嘆他的美名德行，高貴品格，如是“終不可諼兮”[5](p49)，他的優(yōu)秀德行將女子的心牢牢抓住。她是完美主義，愛情的產(chǎn)生不是隨意的，而是刻意的，刻意地要達(dá)到她的審美要求，符合她的眼光：“叔善射忌，又良御忌。抑磬控忌，抑縱送忌”[5](p68)、“洵美且仁......洵美且好......洵美且武”

[5](p67)、“美且鬈......美且偲”[5](p86)。“高大健壯，英俊勇武是時(shí)人愛情觀中的美學(xué)取向”[6](p117)，除此之外，女子也看重男子的德行品格。愛美之心人皆有之，女子追求的是愛情中的完美對象，可見對美好愛情的期許。

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

二、《詩經(jīng)》中的女性怎樣看待愛情

古今中外，人們對愛情的追求都彰顯著自己對愛情的個(gè)性理解，如劉蘭芝與焦仲卿、羅密歐與朱麗葉的生死相隨，楊振寧與翁帆的忘年相依。《詩經(jīng)》中的女人在特定的歷史條件下同樣有著自己對愛情的獨(dú)特認(rèn)識(shí)與追求。

（一）愛情應(yīng)是心有靈犀，兩情相悅

李商隱在《無題》中道“身無彩鳳雙飛翼，心有靈犀一點(diǎn)通”

[7]（p220），愛情應(yīng)是你我相識(shí)相知，相互理解，相敬如賓，相親相愛，沒有強(qiáng)迫，沒有鉗制，“為了堅(jiān)守自己的愛情，她們能夠向父母反抗，向禮教挑釁”[8]，自愿已經(jīng)成為女子追求幸福的前提，所以《詩經(jīng)》中的女子面對強(qiáng)迫的婚姻表現(xiàn)得如此強(qiáng)烈：誓死不從，追求情投意合。如《國風(fēng)﹒召南﹒行露》：

厭浥行露，豈不夙夜？謂行多露。誰謂雀無角？何以穿我屋？誰謂女無家？何以速我獄？雖速我獄，室家不足！誰謂鼠無牙？何以穿我墉？誰謂女無家？何以速我訟？雖速我訟，亦不女從！[5](p15)

這首詩并沒從正面對女子的愛情觀進(jìn)行說明，但從“誰謂女無家？何以速我訟？雖速我訟，亦不女從！”[5](p15)的字里行間，可以讀到她對古代強(qiáng)買強(qiáng)賣婚姻的痛恨和控訴，從側(cè)面證明她對以自由、自愿為前提的愛情觀的追求，表明她奉行兩情相悅的愛情理想。再如《鄭風(fēng)﹒溱洧》：

溱與洧，方渙渙兮。士與女，方秉蕳兮。女曰觀乎？士曰既且，且往觀乎？洧之外，洵訏且樂。維士與女，伊其相謔，贈(zèng)之以勺藥。溱與洧，瀏其清矣。士與女，殷其盈兮。女曰觀乎？士曰既且，且往觀乎？洧之外，洵訏且樂。維士與女，伊其將謔，贈(zèng)之以勺藥。[5](p80)

詩中小伙和姑娘相約在溱洧河邊，互相贈(zèng)送香草鮮花作為定情信物，“洧之外，洵且樂。維士與女，伊其將謔”,他們在笑談聲中表達(dá)對彼此的愛慕之意。

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

[9]這樣的盛會(huì)“相當(dāng)真實(shí)地反映了當(dāng)時(shí)勞動(dòng)青年之間比較自由古樸的戀愛生活”，同時(shí)將女子的愛情理想展現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。王國維在《人間詞話》中談到成大事業(yè)、大學(xué)問的人必經(jīng)過三境界，詩經(jīng)中的愛情同樣也有境界，柳永的《蝶戀花》“衣帶漸寬終不悔，為伊消得人憔悴”就可以解釋《詩經(jīng)》中愛情的境界。女子對自由美好愛情的追求是其境界之一。那么為兩情相悅的愛情義無反顧地付出是其境界之二。如《召南﹒野有死麇》：

野有死麇，白茅包之。有女懷春，吉士誘之。林有樸樕，野有死鹿。白茅純束，有女如玉。舒而脫脫兮！無感我?guī)溬猓o使尨也吠！[5](p15)

詩中男子借用獐子、野鹿向她表白，不是女子經(jīng)不住誘惑，而是愛上了這位會(huì)捕獵的男子。女子追求的是兩心相通，崇尚戀愛自由。一旦愛上便全身心地投入，在古代甚至現(xiàn)代社會(huì)都很看重女子的貞潔，但是她卻能做到無視禮教而真實(shí)地展現(xiàn)自己，“讓人感到歡愉并無猥褻之感”[5](p21)。宋書功認(rèn)為《王風(fēng)﹒丘中有麻》是 “一首非常露骨的性愛詩”[6](p68)，《鄭風(fēng)﹒野有蔓草》是一首“男女野合的戀歌”[6](p90)但這樣的女子絲毫沒有得到任何譴責(zé)，這里沒有貞潔理論，只有她對愛情的無怨無悔。這就是女子對愛情境界的詮釋。

（二）愛情態(tài)度———花開堪折直須折，莫待無花空折枝

泰戈?duì)栒f過，“世界上最遙遠(yuǎn)的距離不是生與死，而是我站在你面前你卻不知道我愛你”。愛情不是默默地等待，也不是深深埋藏于心讓對方不知而獨(dú)自承受相思之苦，而是自己勇敢地上前表露心聲。詩經(jīng)中的女子不想對人生有任何遺憾，所以面對愛情，她們大膽、果斷、熱烈地去追求。不管后果怎樣，至少自己應(yīng)該不錯(cuò)過任何表達(dá)的機(jī)會(huì)，為自己絢爛的生命賭一把，如《大雅﹒隰桑》：

隰桑有阿，其葉有難，既見君子，其樂如何？隰桑有阿，其葉有沃，既見君子，云何不樂？隰桑有阿，其葉有幽，既見君子，德音孔膠。心乎愛矣，遐不謂矣，中心藏之，何日忘之！[5](p205)

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

在這首詩中我們看到的是一位直爽的少女對愛情的直白：“心乎愛矣，遐不謂矣”[5](p205)。她沒有受到傳統(tǒng)禮教的束縛，而是將自己的感情一一闡述，用三個(gè)“既見君子”，兩個(gè)“樂”表達(dá)對君子的濃濃心意，最后將內(nèi)心真實(shí)的情感展現(xiàn)給世人：我深深地愛上了你，不能忘記,既然愛你，何不大膽地說出來。她不僅要讓男子知道，也在向整個(gè)世界宣告。她“對愛情的追求率真、質(zhì)樸、熱烈”[10]再如《鄭風(fēng)﹒褰裳》：

子惠思我，褰裳涉溱。子不我思，豈無他人？狂童之狂也且！子惠思我，褰裳涉洧。子不我思，豈無他士？狂童之狂也且！[5](p74)

她坦率直白地宣稱“子不我思，豈無他人”[5](p74)，如果你想我念我，就該涉過洧河與我相見，如果你不把我想，“豈無他士”[5](p74)，女子反復(fù)反問顯露出一種嬌嗔的狀態(tài)，其實(shí)已經(jīng)將對男子的愛大膽而又含蓄地表達(dá)出來。“《詩經(jīng)》中的女子們對待愛情整體上顯得自由而奔放，大膽而活潑。她們對待愛情展示的是真實(shí)的自我，張顯著自由個(gè)性。她們敢愛敢恨，有著自己獨(dú)特的審美心理和價(jià)值判斷、價(jià)值取向。[8] 愛情不是獨(dú)自承受，而是越過一切擔(dān)心焦慮將真心送給所愛的人。不僅要向情人袒露，也要向情人證明，也正如我們常說的那句話—心動(dòng)不如行動(dòng)。如《唐風(fēng)﹒有枤之杜》：

有杕之杜，生于道左。彼君子兮，噬肯適我？中心好之，曷飲食之？有杕之杜，生于道周。彼君子兮，噬肯來游？中心好之，曷飲食之？[5](p74)

女子不確定愛人的情感，心中充滿疑問，徘徊之后，下定決心：“與其這樣沒結(jié)果的猜測還不如做出行動(dòng)”[5](p74)，邀他相會(huì)把美酒拿給他喝，把好吃的東西給他品嘗。愛情沒有遲疑，當(dāng)它降臨于你，就該緊緊握住那風(fēng)箏的線，不讓它墜落。如《齊風(fēng)﹒東方之日》：

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

東方之日兮，彼姝者子，在我室兮。在我室兮，履我即兮。東方之月兮，彼姝者子，在我闥兮。在我闥兮，履我發(fā)兮。[5](83)

女子的愛情就是天上的風(fēng)箏，一旦翱翔于空就得把握好風(fēng)箏的線。珍惜每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，隨著風(fēng)飛舞。所以她大膽主動(dòng)地與情人幽會(huì)，主動(dòng)追求自己的幸福。正如杜秋娘的《金縷衣》：“勸君莫惜金縷衣，勸君惜取少年時(shí)。花開堪折直須折，莫待無花空折枝。”

（三）愛情境界———在天愿作比翼鳥，在地愿為連理枝

元好問《雁邱詞》開篇提問“問世間情為何物，直教生死相許”[11]（p382），愛情究竟是什么，古往今來，眾說紛紜。漢樂府民歌《上邪》中說“上邪！我欲與君相知，長命無絕衰。山無陵，江水為竭，冬雷震震，夏雨雪，天地合，乃敢與君絕！”，也許愛情是一種永恒。《詩經(jīng)》中的女子對此也有自己的認(rèn)識(shí)：海可枯，石可爛，天可崩，地可裂，我們的情永不移，生死相依。如《邶風(fēng)﹒北風(fēng)》：

北風(fēng)其涼，雨雪其雱。惠而好我，攜手同行。其虛其邪？既亟只且！北風(fēng)其喈，雨雪其霏。惠而好我，攜手同歸。其虛其邪？既亟只且！莫赤匪狐，莫黑匪烏。惠而好我，攜手同車。其虛其邪？既亟只且！[5](p36)

凜冽的北風(fēng)呼呼地吹，雨雪紛紛地下，環(huán)境如此嚴(yán)酷，即使面對這樣惡劣的天氣，只要有你對我的信任和喜歡，只要有你對我的愛，我就可以戰(zhàn)勝一切嚴(yán)寒，跟你到天涯海角，比翼雙飛。愛情應(yīng)是“攜手同行......攜手同歸......攜手同車”

[5](p36)，為愛的人奮不顧身，共同戰(zhàn)勝一切苦難，追求風(fēng)雨同舟共呼吸同命運(yùn)的精神境界。再如《王風(fēng)﹒大車》：

大車檻檻，毳衣如菼。豈不爾思？畏子不敢。大車啍啍，毳衣如瞞。豈不爾思？畏子不奔。谷則異室，死則同穴。謂予不信，有如皎日。[5](p64)

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

女子向心儀的對象訴說衷腸，“豈不爾思，畏子不敢”[5](p64)“豈不爾思？畏子不奔”[4](p64),她可以拋棄一切為男子甘心付出，“謂予不信，猶如皦日”[5](p64)她是韌如絲的蘆葦，立下誓言：即使生不能結(jié)為連理，但死也要同葬墓穴，正如“冬之夜，夏之日。百歲之后，歸于其室”[5](p102)，對愛情的忠貞始終堅(jiān)定不移如磐石。

翻開《詩經(jīng)》中的誓言篇，不禁為這些女子驚嘆，同時(shí)也被她們對愛情的執(zhí)著深深折服。一旦立下誓言就沒有任何外界事物能動(dòng)搖女子的意念決心。愛情在無形之中支撐著她們的整個(gè)生命甚至死后的靈魂。

三、《詩經(jīng)》中的女性對愛情的深刻反思

《詩經(jīng)》中的女性面對愛情經(jīng)歷過羞澀而含蓄地渴望、大膽而熱烈地追求階段，她們身臨其境地感受過愛情的神韻，不斷地體會(huì)愛情中的酸甜苦辣，從而對愛情有了更深入的理解反思。

（一）愛情必需經(jīng)歷思念的煎熬

秦觀的《鵲橋仙》道：“兩情若是久長時(shí)，又豈在朝朝暮暮”[12](p139)，雖然不能朝暮相見、朝暮相伴、朝暮相守，但對你的思念不會(huì)改變，隨著太陽東升，伴著月亮西起。長久的感情應(yīng)是你在外，我持家，和和睦睦；你出門，我默默地等候，將對你的情化作相思淚，如《周南﹒卷耳》：

采采卷耳，不盈頃筐。嗟我懷人，寘彼周行。陟彼崔嵬，我馬虺。我姑酌彼金罍，維以不永懷。陟彼高岡，我馬玄黃。我姑酌彼兕觥，維以不永傷。陟彼砠矣，我馬瘏矣。我仆痡矣，云何吁矣！[5](p102)

詩中的女人因思念丈夫而無心采摘，她把對丈夫的愛全寄托在無限的遐想中，擔(dān)心他在路途上的艱難與困頓，“云何吁矣”。那淺筐怎么也裝不滿，因?yàn)樾乃既谒砩希辉诓烧希嗨家簿驮较菰缴睢！对娊?jīng)》中的女人常常喜歡正話反說，明明思念之情很深，但她卻不斷告誡自己“無思遠(yuǎn)人，勞心忉忉”“無

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

思遠(yuǎn)人，勞心怛怛”[5](p85)與“愿言思伯，甘心疾首......愿言思伯，使我心痗”[5](p55)達(dá)到異曲同工之妙，顯示出女人對丈夫的思念之濃也。既然思念不得，只能為你祈禱同時(shí)打理好一切，不讓你擔(dān)憂。如《王風(fēng)﹒君子于役》：

君子于役，不知其期。曷至哉？雞棲于塒，日之夕矣，羊牛下來。君子于役，如之何勿思！君子于役，不日不月。曷其有佸？雞棲于桀，日之夕矣，羊牛下括。君子于役，茍無饑渴！[5](p59)

“別后的日子一天天過去了。她想他卻不像別的女人，想得首如飛蓬，一把鼻涕一把淚的。她不，她把想放在心里，照樣笑迎日出笑送日落，該做的活計(jì)，一樣不落下，養(yǎng)雞養(yǎng)羊養(yǎng)牛，也種莊稼，她手腳麻利著呢。”[13](p121 p122)這首詩中的女人把思念化作每天勞作的力量，化作持好家的信心，把一切料理得有條不紊，為的是不讓他擔(dān)心分神，等待他的順利歸來。

但“在勞碌的間隙，她會(huì)走一走神，想想他。她的數(shù)字概念可能很模糊，掰著手指頭也不能把別后的日子算準(zhǔn)，她只知道他走了很長很長時(shí)間了，不日不月。什么時(shí)候才能見面呢？”[13](p122)她對他的思念就不用再提了，“君子于役，茍無饑渴”[5](p59)才是她最在乎的。望著夕陽，將思念化作對你的祈禱，愿上天保佑你安康。情長久，念無限，心無悔，這就是《詩經(jīng)》中女子的愛情觀。

（二）愛情無法越過界限

“《詩經(jīng)》里的愛情，簡單卻執(zhí)著。對愛情、婚姻的忠貞和專一，是上古時(shí)代青年男女最重要的觀念。”[14]她們可以為愛人奮不顧身，可以上刀山可以下火海甚至是生命：“谷則異室，死則同穴”[5](p64)“聊與子同歸兮”[5](p121)“聊與子如一兮”[5](p121)。但現(xiàn)實(shí)中她們不敢逾越鴻溝，“在當(dāng)時(shí)，隨著私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的形成和父系社會(huì)的確立，男女青年的婚姻締結(jié)已經(jīng)開始受到了‘父母之命，媒妁之言’的制約。這表明，告父母，經(jīng)媒人，已經(jīng)逐漸成為當(dāng)時(shí)婚姻締結(jié)的必要程序。可見，那時(shí)禮教對男女之情已經(jīng)逐漸地有所限制了。而具體到女性而言，受到的束縛更多，既不愿舍棄情郎，又不敢違抗父母的命令”[9]如《周南﹒汝墳》：

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

遵彼汝墳，伐其條枚。未見君子，惄如調(diào)饑。遵彼汝墳，伐其條肄。既見君子，不我遐棄。魴魚赪尾，王室如燬。雖則如燬，父母孔遜。[5](p10)

[5](p10)女子在一個(gè)廟會(huì)上剪不斷對愛人的思念之情，但“未見君子，惄如調(diào)饑”的焦急與“雖則如燬，父母孔遜”[5](p10)的警戒形成重重矛盾，她不敢跨越的不僅僅是父母的干涉阻礙，而是當(dāng)時(shí)的禮教，有誰能擺脫禮教的桎梏。《孔雀東南飛》里的劉蘭芝與焦仲卿的愛情日月可鑒，天地可證，但誰也不敢越雷池一步，最后以死來守護(hù)他們的愛。死只是讓他們超越現(xiàn)實(shí)，但真正束縛男女自由戀愛的繩索沒有被剪斷，它將繼續(xù)毒害一帶又一代年輕男女。愛情染上了世俗偏見，變得不再那么純真。雖然他們能大膽袒露心聲，但愛情終究無法跨越鴻溝。

（三）愛情有不幸的結(jié)局

“雖然周禮倡導(dǎo)的是‘夫婦有義’的夫妻生活，然而，隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，以男子為中心的夫權(quán)的形成，使婦女的命運(yùn)受到了極大的威脅。因此，《詩經(jīng)》中的婚戀詩很多都反映了女子遭棄這一現(xiàn)象。”[15] 曾經(jīng)的山盟海誓，生死相隨只不過是他曾經(jīng)的甜言蜜語，甚至可以說只是女子單方面對愛情的忠貞。他們的愛情千回百轉(zhuǎn)終成連理，但在茶米油鹽的平淡日子里，他忘了他們之間的約定，一切都隨淡淡的歲月消逝。愛情沒有不移，不移的只有她的心。天長地久的誓言就是那水中月，鏡中花，美好而不得，女子最終逃不過被遺棄的命運(yùn)。如《邶風(fēng)．谷風(fēng)》：

習(xí)習(xí)谷風(fēng)，以陰以雨。黽勉同心，不宜有怒。采葑采菲，無以下體。德音莫違，及爾同死。行道遲遲，中心有違。不遠(yuǎn)伊邇，薄送我畿。誰謂荼苦，其甘如薺。宴爾新昏，如兄如弟。涇以渭濁，湜湜其沚。宴爾新昏，不我屑矣。毋逝我梁，毋發(fā)我笱。我躬不閱，遑恤我后！就其深矣，方之舟之。就其淺矣，泳之游之。何有何亡，黽勉求之。凡民有喪，匍匐求之。不我能慉，反以我為讎，既阻我德，賈用不售。昔育恐育鞫，及爾顛覆。既生既育，比予于毒。我有旨蓄，亦以御冬。宴爾新昏，以我御窮。有洸有潰，既詒我肄。不念昔者，伊余來塈。[5](p31)

樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

女子雖然和丈夫同甘共苦，最終被無情地拋棄，只能唱著令人同情的悲歌。女子的愛情命運(yùn)讓人感受到她在愛情中的地位是低下的，雖然她們能勇敢追求，但一旦墜入男權(quán)社會(huì)的情網(wǎng)只會(huì)讓她嘗盡遺棄的痛苦，“有洸有潰，既詒我肄。不念昔者，伊余來塈”[5](p31)，情到終點(diǎn)只有無盡的哀傷痛楚，面對男子的無情與決絕，她也只能控訴：“有女仳離，嘅其嘆矣。嘅其嘆矣，遇人之艱難矣！”[5](p31)。其實(shí)《衛(wèi)風(fēng)﹒氓》中的女人有著更令人痛徹心扉的經(jīng)歷，甚至更讓人嘆惋憤恨。她和男子自由主動(dòng)地追求愛情，她的丈夫曾經(jīng)對她癡情著迷，而今卻把她拋棄讓她走投無路。“信誓旦旦，不思其反。反是不思，亦已焉哉！”[5](p52)，什么天長地久你我相依到老只不過是戲言罷了，女子的決絕也是被逼無奈的呼喊：天長地久也有盡頭的時(shí)候，愛情誓言終會(huì)消逝，愛情終究逃不過不幸二字的糾纏。女子的美好愛情到此成為永久的遺憾。

古人的愛情美好也苦澀，一方面她們能按照心中的期盼懷著美好的憧憬與向往大膽熱烈地追求；一方面她們無力解開愛情的枷鎖，無奈地等候著苦澀的愛情；相愛時(shí)能無悔付出，失戀時(shí)能果敢控訴，她們給現(xiàn)代人開了怎樣表達(dá)、怎樣追求愛情的先河，給現(xiàn)代人留下永久的執(zhí)著印象。讓現(xiàn)代人在物質(zhì)世界能重視自己的情感，讓真愛也存在于物欲橫流的社會(huì)。

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

[1] 周云芳.不得不愛讀詩經(jīng)[M].北京：中國檔案出版社，2006.[2]丁璐．淺談女大學(xué)生的愛情觀[J]．南充，西部教育發(fā)展研究，2009年第4期 [3]李瑞玲．淺論《詩經(jīng)》時(shí)代的擇偶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[J]．北京：科技資訊，2009年第1期 [4]曹雪芹．《紅樓夢》[M]．西安：三秦出版社，2006.[5]傅璇琮、李克.《詩經(jīng)》[M].沈陽:萬卷出版公司，2009.[6]宋書功.詩經(jīng)情詩正解[M].海口：海南出版社，2007.[7]丁子予.中國歷代詩詞名句鑒賞大辭典[M].北京：中國華僑出版社，2009.[8]姚婷．《詩經(jīng)》中女性內(nèi)心的激昂之聲[J]．合肥：安徽文學(xué)，2010年第2期

[9] 車雅琴.《詩經(jīng)》愛情詩所表現(xiàn)的愛情觀[J].合肥：安徽文學(xué)（評論研究），2008年第9期

[10]劉曉丹.從《詩經(jīng)》看先秦時(shí)期女性的愛情婚姻觀[J].沈陽：蘭臺(tái)世界，2009年第17期

[11]傅德岷、盧晉．中華詩詞名句鑒賞辭典[M].武漢：湖北辭書出版社，2005.[12]傅德岷、盧晉．宋詞鑒賞辭典[M].武漢：湖北辭書出版社，2005.樂山師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

[13]丁立梅.詩經(jīng)里的那些情事[M].北京：金城出版社，2009.[14]郭洪瀧.《詩經(jīng)》情詩淺析[J].北京：資治文摘(管理版), 2009年第4期

[15]高媛媛．試論《詩經(jīng)》中的婚戀詩[J]．合肥：安徽文學(xué)（下半月），2009年第7期

Analyses the Book of Songs of Women in

Love

Yang Ling Literature and News Department Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language 07302001

【abstract】The book of songs of love poem are emotional sincerity，natural and lively, warm and elegant, simple and pure and fresh, they reaction to the people's inner feelings, mental outlook and the longing for love and the pursuit even resentment of love at that time.Understanding women's love view from different angles by today's perspective:their vision of mate selection and how do them view love and their profound introspection of love, then feeling how people pursue the happiness love and how people face the love of joys and sorrows in that time.【key words】The book of songs

femininity vision of love

再改估計(jì)你也改不出來了，完稿吧。提綱、開題報(bào)告我也看了，就那樣可以。

第三篇：簡愛與現(xiàn)代愛情觀對比

一、叛逆與追求 簡·愛和孫柔嘉她們都以大膽叛逆精神勇敢地沖破封建禁錮，大膽地追求真愛，尋找自己的幸福。

1、簡·愛勇敢地沖破封建（傳統(tǒng)觀念）的禁錮，大膽追求真愛。簡·愛是一個(gè)敢于向男權(quán)社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)觀念挑戰(zhàn)的女性，被女性主義者奉為反映被壓迫處于社會(huì)邊緣生存狀態(tài)的女性反抗男權(quán)社會(huì)，追求婚姻自由、平等地位的經(jīng)典人物。

二、自然層面，從女性自身特點(diǎn)研究女性自我；

三、以男性為參照，了解女性在精神文化方面的獨(dú)特處境。

2、孫柔嘉沖破世俗，大膽追求自己的愛情。這種既柔又嘉、卻暗自陰柔而且柔能克剛的人，就像一個(gè)甜蜜的圈套，卻掌控著自己的婚姻、生活和命運(yùn)，也掌控著方鴻漸的婚姻、生活和命運(yùn)。

四、迥異的歸宿 雖然簡·愛與孫柔嘉都是勇敢地沖破封建禁錮，大膽地追求真愛，開始走的道路是相似的，但是她們尋求真愛的結(jié)局卻是截然相反的：簡·愛守住了愛情，最終得到了幸福，而孫柔嘉卻是由幸福走進(jìn)了無盡的痛苦之中。

2、簡·愛和孫柔嘉的性格不同也造成了她們愛情結(jié)局的不同。簡·愛是一個(gè)全方位尋求獨(dú)立、平等、自尊的女性。

3、簡·愛與孫柔嘉反封建的角度也是不同的。

簡·愛主要是反對男權(quán)主義，孫柔嘉主要是反對封建家庭的束縛。簡·愛與孫柔嘉反抗的本質(zhì)也是不同的。簡·愛是發(fā)自內(nèi)心自覺的反抗，而孫柔嘉是被迫的反抗。簡·愛的反抗心里是與生俱來的，年幼的簡·愛就和她的表哥約翰發(fā)生了沖突，驕橫殘暴的約翰把表妹簡· 簡·愛獨(dú)立自主的愛情觀

簡·愛的思想發(fā)展是這部小說的中心。從一開始，簡就有一種很強(qiáng)的自我意識(shí)——追求價(jià)值和尊嚴(yán)，勇敢地追求自由平等和獨(dú)立自主。在羅切斯特的面前，她從不因?yàn)樽约菏且粋€(gè)地位卑微的家庭教師而感到自卑，她認(rèn)為他們是平等的。她的正直、高尚、純潔，她的心靈沒有受到世俗社會(huì)的污染，所以羅切斯特為之震撼，把她看成一個(gè)可以和自己在精神上平等交談的人。簡的獨(dú)立性在整部小說的情節(jié)發(fā)展中不斷地得到了驗(yàn)證。

盡管羅切斯特的表白和求婚讓簡感到非常高興，但也不免憂慮和擔(dān)心。因?yàn)樗恢笨释杂勺栽诘纳睿橐鼍鸵馕吨`和屈服，意味著她要對他負(fù)責(zé)、受他的控制。當(dāng)羅切斯特?fù)]金如土，為她添購絲綢、珠寶的時(shí)候，她變得更加敏 感，覺得自己就像是一個(gè)被蘇丹寵愛的奴隸。

離開桑菲爾德是簡作出的最大的決定。從羅切斯特那里，她找到了渴望已久的愛情，桑菲爾德是她第一個(gè)真正的家，離開了它仿佛就是離開了自己。但是，作為羅切斯特的情婦跟他生活在一起，卻又意味著自我妥協(xié)，那是她最不想要的。甚至在知道伯莎的存在以前，她就覺得嫁給羅切斯特是一種冒險(xiǎn)，他們壓根兒就不會(huì)平等，她害怕羅切斯特把她當(dāng)玩物一樣對待，更要命的是，嫁給一個(gè)地位比 她高的人，讓她有負(fù)債感。

在桑菲爾德遭遇大火之后，簡和羅切斯特重歸于好，找到了幸福的歸宿。離開了桑菲爾德以后，簡在莫爾頓過著簡樸的生活，給一群窮孩子們做老師。她在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是獨(dú)立的，并且擔(dān)當(dāng)了一個(gè)重要的角色。

二、羅切斯特感性至上的愛情觀

羅切斯特出身于名門望族，因?yàn)椴皇情L子，沒有財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承權(quán)。他的父親“既想使自己的家產(chǎn)不至于分散，又想讓他也有財(cái)產(chǎn)以保持家族的聲望”，和他哥哥一起幫他找了個(gè)對象，也就是后來發(fā)了瘋的伯莎·梅森，在他“還不知道是怎么回事時(shí)就和她結(jié)婚了”。婚后短暫的婚姻生活讓羅切斯特徹底看清了伯莎的性格品質(zhì)，使他意識(shí)到“自己從來沒愛過她，從來沒敬重過她，甚至從來沒有了解過她”。

三、圣約翰理性至上的愛情觀

與羅切斯特的感性至上的愛情觀形成鮮明對比的是圣約翰理性至上的愛情觀。在圣約翰身上，理智戰(zhàn)勝情感，為主工作的精神壓制了人類的正常感情，甚至可以拿圣潔的愛情來為之殉道。第二個(gè)體現(xiàn)就是圣約翰對伴侶的選擇。他承認(rèn)自己“發(fā)瘋似地愛著羅莎蒙德·奧利弗”，可是同時(shí)“卻冷靜而清醒地意識(shí)到，她不會(huì)成為他的好妻子，她不是那種適合于他的伴侶”。對他來說，結(jié)婚不過是手段，是實(shí)現(xiàn)自己傳教理想的工具。在日常的相處中，圣約翰看到了簡·愛身上的“溫順、勤奮、無私、忠實(shí)、堅(jiān)貞、勇敢，非常文雅，又頗具英雄氣概”等品質(zhì)。夏洛蒂通過刻畫這樣一個(gè)獨(dú)立自主的文學(xué)形象，并注入一些自己的親身經(jīng)歷以及宗教觀念，既表達(dá)了她對男性壓迫者的強(qiáng)烈抗議，又表達(dá)了她追求獨(dú)立自主、自由平等的女權(quán)主義思想。簡·愛作為一個(gè)以“獨(dú)立自主”而著稱的文學(xué)形象，吸引并激勵(lì)著越來越多的女性去效仿.一）研究的現(xiàn)狀綜述 簡·愛已成為唯美愛情的一個(gè)典型，是世界文學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域方面一個(gè)引人注目的方面。

（二）研究的理論價(jià)值 夏洛蒂·勃朗特是英國文學(xué)史上第一個(gè)表現(xiàn)女性追求獨(dú)立、自由主題的人，她的作品被視為“現(xiàn)代女性小說”的楷模。她的代表作《簡·愛》塑造了一個(gè)出身寒微，長相平庸的、矮小的簡愛，但她卻是一個(gè)有著強(qiáng)烈自尊個(gè)性魅力的女性，她的魅力在于個(gè)性的力量，她善于思考，捍衛(wèi)人格獨(dú)立，敢于表達(dá)自己的愛憎。簡·愛用自尊、自愛與自強(qiáng)的內(nèi)在美好人性喚醒了另一顆懂得珍惜女性的心靈，簡·愛的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志著歐洲文學(xué)史上新女性的誕生。簡·愛這一形象一直被人們視為不甘屈辱、追求平等、為維護(hù)女性的人格尊嚴(yán)而勇于抗?fàn)幍木竦浞叮m然矮小，貧寒，長得又不美，但卻直爽，單純，倔強(qiáng)，自尊自立，敢于追求真正意義上的愛情。這種性格特征不知吸引了多少人，打動(dòng)了了多少讀者的心。許多女權(quán)主義者都以簡愛為模范榜樣。

（三）研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 而今社會(huì)中的“快餐愛情”，越來越讓人們瞠目結(jié)舌。愛情在本質(zhì)上沒有貴賤之分,也沒有貧富之差，更沒有地域之別。可在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中自古以來就存在著“門當(dāng)戶對”、“磚門對磚門、土門對土門”的不良習(xí)俗，愛情在金錢與權(quán)勢面前出現(xiàn)的悲劇司空見慣。

（一）情感角度，比如許藝萍《簡·愛和現(xiàn)代女性愛情觀比較》、孫偉民《自卑情結(jié)造就了簡愛鮮明的人格魅力——解析<簡·愛>》等等，這些作品大體上是從愛情、親情上分析的。

（二）人物形象角度，譚蒙革《簡.愛女性形象分析》、胡晴《論<簡愛>的女性意識(shí)》等等，主要是從簡.愛和現(xiàn)代女性的角度來寫的。

（三）生命意識(shí)形態(tài)角度，胡晴《論<簡·愛>的女性意識(shí)》、李紅萍《論簡愛獨(dú)立人格形象的塑造》等等，都是從簡.愛堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的生命意識(shí)方面的問題。

（四）創(chuàng)作意識(shí)角度，黃興軍《<簡·愛>中的永恒魅力 ——解析小說<簡·愛>中女性反抗性格的形成》，是從簡·愛的思想意識(shí)方面寫的。

三、我的研究角度、研究的主要內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新之處：

（一）研究角度：從愛情的角度，對簡·愛與現(xiàn)代女性進(jìn)行比較、歸納總結(jié)。

（二）研究的主要內(nèi)容：主要研究的是簡·愛與現(xiàn)代女性的愛情，這里主要針對的是夏洛蒂《簡·愛》中的唯美愛情的存在意義。論文要表現(xiàn)出的比較主要從這兩大方面來進(jìn)行描述：一方面是時(shí)代的對比，簡.愛與現(xiàn)代女性她們生活在不同的時(shí)代。另一方面是歸納她們各自對愛情的執(zhí)著與自私。通過這兩大方面整體架構(gòu)這篇論文，使得全文條理清楚，目的明確，使自己加深對簡.愛愛情精髓的理解，同時(shí)從深層次上感受唯美愛情的真諦，使自己浮躁的心靈得到一次深刻的洗禮。

（三）創(chuàng)新之處：打破對簡.愛愛情原來的認(rèn)識(shí)，以具體的作品為文本，在簡.愛的性格特征、人物形象、愛情觀等問題上以新的理論為依據(jù)，與當(dāng)今社會(huì)中的“快餐愛情”進(jìn)行比較，對簡.愛的愛情進(jìn)行新的認(rèn)識(shí)。

第四篇：論文 分析《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀

中

南

大 學(xué)

高等教育自學(xué)考試本科生畢業(yè)論文

論文題目: Views on love and marriage in “Pride and Prejudice”

分析《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀

學(xué)生姓名：羅

考籍號(hào)：910108300488 年級專業(yè)：2007級英語 指導(dǎo)老師及職稱：湯春華 學(xué) 院：中南大學(xué)科培中心

湖南·長沙 提交日期：2010年4月

Contents

Abstract...............................................................................................................................................1 Keywords............................................................................................................................................1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................3

1、Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice............................................3 1.1 Jane Austen................................................................................................................3 1.2 The Background of Pride and Prejudice......................................................................4

2、Four Marriages and Ideals on Love and Marriage Shown in Pride and Prejudice......5 2.1 Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice........................................................................5 2.1.1 Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage.............................................................................5 2.1.2 Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage...............................................................................7 2.1.3 Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage.............................................................................7 2.1.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage...............................................................................8 3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage............................................................12

4、Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14 References.......................................................................................................................16 Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................19

Abstract “Pride and Prejudice” is Austen's masterpiece which described four different marriages and love.Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses people's observation and unlimited thinking of marriage.This paper aims to probe into the views on love and marriage in ―Pride and Prejudice‖.That is: love and marriage are associated with, but not totally lie on the property and social status.The marriage which is based on the love, mutual understanding and mutual respect is a true happy marriage.Austen not only opposes marriage for money, but also is against the hasty marriage.She attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage.Keywords ―Pride and Prejudice‖;viewpoint of love;viewpoint of marriage;

摘 要

《傲慢與偏見》是奧斯汀的代表作，小說以諷刺為基調(diào)描寫了四種不同形態(tài)的婚姻觀和愛情觀，時(shí)至今日，這部小說仍然吸引著眾多讀者，引發(fā)了人們對婚姻的觀察和無限思考。本文就是通過對這四段婚姻的詳細(xì)的分析，來探討《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀。筆者認(rèn)為：愛情婚姻與財(cái)產(chǎn)和社會(huì)地位相互關(guān)聯(lián)，但絕不能僅取于它，以愛情、相互理解及相互尊重為基礎(chǔ)的婚姻才是幸福的婚姻。奧斯汀既反對為金錢而結(jié)婚，也反對草率結(jié)婚。她強(qiáng)調(diào)理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女雙方感情作為締結(jié)理想婚姻的基石。

關(guān)鍵詞

《傲慢與偏見》；愛情觀；婚姻觀;

Introduction

Jane Austen humorously described the marriage in the “Pride and Prejudice” and a series of marriage-related activities in a relaxed manner.The novel consisted of how man picking their wives, how the young women choosing their future husbands and how their mothers selecting their son-in-low in many wonderful scenes.By studying the marital relationship, the authors strive to portray several different marriage and love relations.Although they had got married, the happiness of marriage is differs.This was because Austen's novels the marriage was involving not only the feelings, but also social status and money.“The bachelor who own property must marry a wife, it has become a universally recognized truth.” [6], But that really is a truth? In this paper, the novel's four marriages vividly reflected the British town life and the world state of human of 18 century to the early 19th century in a conservative and isolated state.1.Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice

1.1.Jane Austen Jane Austen(1775 – 1817，)was one of the most outstanding writer who described the middle-class in the south of England with realism.From a unique female perspective, she left six immortal works.Her works were full of rich comedy conflicts in humorous and satirical style, so they were regarded as “the art of simplicity”.In Jane Austen's works, the content was not very wide and all were related to the life of a few middle-class families.The theme was about love and marriage between men and women.In the “Simple” works of Jane Austen, they showed us, truly and accurately, the social life and interrelationship and described the social state, marriage as well as political and economic relations between middle-class women at that time.And she expressed her views on marriage, directly or indirectly, by analyzing these phenomena.She believed that marriage just for money was wrong, but marriage of no money was stupid.She also frankly disclosed the inseparable relationship between marriages, property and family status.In her novel, as long as a woman who was intelligent, decent, 3

educated, and patient could overcome social barriers, she would receive the ideal happy marriage.Austen was born in a middle-class family of a small village in England, so the people and things in her works were all connected with this environment which was very familiar to her.It is difficult for readers to find the sufferings of those working people who lived at the bottom of the society at that time.At the same time, the important events, such as the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution, were little.Her narrative was always inseparable from the party, walk, talk, dance......Although this written style received some people's criticism, she still stick to it.She once said that she was ―sculpt on two inches of ivory‖.Austen was never married, but the marriage is the eternal theme of her writings.In her works, the marriage status of middle-class people was alive.1.2.The Background of Pride and Prejudice In this great book, the author amply demonstrated her view on love and marriage.In order to analyze these points of view, we should firstly start from the background of her great works.―At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical.This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society.In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society.There was no equality between woman and man.Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity.The central life of women was forced to be staying at home.Their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.‖(Zhu Hong, P34, 1995)

People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands.The virtues of women were patience and deference.They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question.Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny.At that time, many middle-class young women had three ways out: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers.The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well.It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, for young

women, especially those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage and loved to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage.2.The Four Marriages and the Ideas on Love and Marriage shown in Pride and Prejudice The story showed the ordinary life, feelings of the ordinary people.They were organized in a harmonious order under the author's skillful arrangement.The work mainly described four marriages.Two of them were main and assisted by the other two assistant marriages.―Darcy and Elizabeth’s love and marriage was the main theme of this work.After undergoing many setbacks, Darcy’s arrogance and Elizabeth’s prejudice eventually eliminates, the lovers finally got married.The marriage of Elizabeth’s sister Jane and Darcy’s friend Bingley was another clue.They deeply loved each other, but they were multi—blocked, after their departure, Jane missed Bingley very much.The two marriages reflected the other point of view in positive way that marriage should be based on true love, which was the ideal marry in the author’s opinion.The stories seem to be the ordinary lives, feelings and persons linked up in a harmonious order under the others meticulous concepts.However, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins was a negative example with the marriage between Lydia and Wickham, which helped to make the plots more tortuous and richer.‖(Zhu Hong, P12, 1985)

2.1.Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice 2.1.1.Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage The article mentioned little of Charlotte, however, her image was very full.Charlotte was woman who is well-educated, intelligent and admired much by Elizabeth.But she was in financial difficulties.If she did not get married, she could only live in her brother's home to be a spinster.When Kosslyn had been rejected by Elizabeth and turned to propose to

Charlotte ? Lucas, She agreed without the least hesitation and still stick to marry him though she knew that Collins was a man who was neither wise nor pleasant, and very boring and that Mr.Collins did not love her and his so-called love for her was imaginary because for her “ the marriage may not make the women to be too happy, but it is always the best safe for the women, and it can ensure them not to be affected by cold and hunger.” In “Pride and Prejudice” Austen described mostly happy marriage, which often aroused the reader's controversy, because they thought that it is too unrealistic to be true.Collins and Charlotte’s marriage made a brutal footnote for Elizabeth’s romantic and happy love.Indeed we can learn that Austen was on a critical opinion of the society at that time from the fate of Charlotte: In the male-dominated society, unmarried women had no future.Elizabeth was an idealist, she would not marry a fool for money(Kosslyn)and also not to marry a man she did not love(such as the Darcy at the beginning of the story);however Charlotte who was six years older than Elizabeth and had little property was a pragmatist.In order to avoid becoming a spinster, who would suffer gossip in the society, she must make full use of any possible opportunity to get married.As Austen said, the reason that Charlotte was willing to marry him was completely for the purpose of property.She also confessed to Elizabeth: “You know I am not a romantic.Moreover I had never been this kind of person.I only ask for a comfortable home.As with Mr.Collins's character, family relations and social status, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state ”(......I am not romantic you know.I never was.I ask only a comfortable home;and considering Mr.Collins’s character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state.)And even after their marriage, Charlotte always felt that “If forget Mr.Collins, the inside and outside of the house is indeed a very comfortable place ”.This was their marriage, which was held together through a pure relation of money and wealth.To some extend, this kind of marriages is actually a social tragedy that is concealed under the gorgeous cover.Through describing such a marriage, Jane? Austen wanted to tell the readers a common point in British society at that time that the most critical factor in marriage is not love, but money.Actually, it was more than in the United Kingdom at that time, even in today's society, this view is very popular, and can be accepted by most people.That was an era in which love was exiled.We could not blame Charlotte and the vast majority of

“Charlottes” too much because it was not entirely their false perhaps in real life love can not defeat the bread forever.2.1.2.Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage

The second marriage is between Bennett’s third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper.Originally he was well-treated by his family and friends.However, he came down in the world because of his misbehavior.He got into debt, so he wanted to get money, became rich and changed his social status through marriage which was also a way to approach the talents.He was a man without any responsibility.He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities.In his opinion, love was only recreation.For his purpose, he enticed Lydia and got her love easily, for she was young, innocent and vainglorious, and loved to go ease and hated to work hard, and was spoilt by her mother.Getting love and praise of a boy was her dream.So when Wickham wanted to attain to his aim－getting wealth by love and exalting her beauty hypocritically, she forgot who she was and felt she was the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world.Their love did not get the permission from the parents, so then they eloped.When Elizabeth heard the news, she believed that their love was a false.Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is not charming and had nothing to attract him, who did not love her but loved the wealth of her family.The marriage was admitted with the help of Darcy.Their marriage was considered to be a scandal in Bennett’s family.But Mrs.Bennet was not disgraceful to this marriage.When Collins got the news, he was very angry and reacted to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her.This marriage was one without love.They didn’t have the real meaning of marriage.They only wanted to satisfy their aspiration.So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility.Such couples only seek the experience of marriage but not everlasting and unchanging one.Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.2.1.3.Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage In the novel, Bingley and Jane never stopped pursuing their true love although there were so many obstacles between them.Fortunately, with the help of Darcy and Elizabeth, they finally got married and had a happy life.Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their

characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage.They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense.They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence.They didn’t show their insides easily to the public because they cared the social criticism too much.For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others an illusion that she didn’t love Bingley.For Bingley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and easily accepted the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him.Frankly speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage.According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and respect were the basic factors of their successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with common interest can live together in a happy life.Because they understand, help and support between them.They didn’t care the defects of their partners and even they didn’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying goes, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fall into the same group.‖

2.1.4.Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage Elizabeth was the actress in the “Pride and Prejudice”.Her love and marriage was the main thread running through the entire novel.At the beginning of the “recognized the truth” mentioned in the novel, all the girls in the middle-class families wanted to marry a good man.But Elizabeth had a different interpretation for a “good husband”.She believed that a husband not only need have certain number of family property but also must respect women, and at the same time there must be mutual understanding between them.Mr.Collins was the first suitor to Elizabeth.Elizabeth was surprised at first, but soon turned down Collins's proposal of marriage because she did not love Collins and could not fall in love with him.Elizabeth was impressed by Wickham’s elegant behavior and demeanor, but she still did not want to choose him to be her husband.She told her aunt that she could handle the relationship between her and Wickham and she would not fall in love with Wickham.Collins was secular cavity too, but smart without a common language with Elizabeth.Wickham is not rich man and lack of morality.Despite later Elizabeth discovered the true

face of Wickham.It did not affect the principle of Elizabeth optional husband.Wickham's exposure to poverty let him outside the scope of Elizabeth's choice of husband.But later why did Elizabeth reject Darcy who is a handsome wealthy man? Elizabeth clearly stated her answer: “Why, with so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you choose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil? ”(Austen, 2004:139).Of course, she had prejudice for Darcy and Wickham fabricated lies about Darcy, which had a certain impact on Elizabeth’ refusal to Darcy's marriage proposal, but the most important reason was that Elizabeth hated Darcy for their arrogant attitude.Elizabeth rejected the arrogant Darcy, but Darcy accepted the humble.Their marriage was based on Darcy's property and their love.The composition of property and the love marriage was the two indispensable important factors.When her sister Jane asked Elizabeth t how long she had fallen in love with Darcy, she replied: “It has been coming on so gradually that I hardly know when it began, but I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly.”(Austen, 2004:275)On the one hand, it revealed Elizabeth’s mockery.On the other hand, it also reflected her inner thoughts.It was this statement which reflected her attitude for money, marriage and life: The marriage based on no money was undesirable.So she visited Darcy’s luxurious Pember Lee Garden.After visiting the Manor, she felt that to be the Pember Lee Gardens hostess was quite good.From a psychological sense, it was a direct reflection of her inner thoughts.She was Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl.She had a middle-class family background and had not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic young girls, so she was not good at music and painting, but she had read many books which made her knowledgeable and perceptive.The most important aspect was that she was a lady with dignity and upbringing.Darcy was a tall man with good manner.He was handsome, rich and powerful.So he was the ideal husband of most girls.He had grown up in the surroundings with strong sense of power, so he was always selfish and arrogant and had a critical look at each individual, except the family members.He was not concerned about anyone else, and looked down upon anyone else.Therefore, when he first arrived in the village, he found all the persons were beyond his imagination.Although every girl was young and lovely, he has no interest in young girls

except Elizabeth.But actually, at first he didn’t put an eye on Elizabeth.Gradually, he had to admit that Elizabeth was beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insisted that Elizabeth hadn't the same social status as him.Darcy was rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agreed on the reality at that time.Although he expressed his love to Elizabeth, he couldn't help showing his arrogance, which made Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy.Darcy loved Elizabeth, but looked down upon her social status.He considered that he had been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard.He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth was waiting for him to propose marriage.Therefore, even he was irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth.He still remembered the gap between them.Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy’s personality performed on the realities of society.When he talked about his feelings of love, he also expressed the arrogance of these fully feelings, which resulted in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth;she rejected his marriage proposal, and angrily accused his insolence.The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth showed her clear, calm and actually stressful personality.Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth was one with ideal mind.She was elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually.She also advised her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.Unconsciously, they were fascinated by each other for the physical attraction, and this led to the experience of passion in a loving relationship.In regard to Darcy, he initially did not think Elizabeth was beautiful enough, and scorned her low relatives and vulgar family members despite his later passion for Elizabeth.Darcy loved Elizabeth’s charming appearance and intelligence.His admiration for Elizabeth was obvious in the following details.When Elizabeth went to look after her sister Jane on foot, Miss Bingley made fun of her and her family at the back.Even Miss Bingley said to Darcy, ―I am afraid….that this adventure has rather lessened your admiration for her fine eyes‖.But Darcy replied: ―Not at all, they are brightened by the exercise‖.At Pemberley when Miss Bingley noticed that Darcy admired Elizabeth, she intended to confuse Elizabeth and made her show some feeling that might harm her in Darcy’s opinion.But it meant nothing to Darcy.She continued to criticize Elizabeth’s appearance, behavior and dress.Darcy could no longer control himself

and said: ―For many months I have considered her as one of the best looking women I have consider her as one of the best looking women in my acquaintance‖.The intimacy component was formed after the prejudice was relieved.For Elizabeth, there are three elements causing her prejudice against Darcy—Darcy’s humiliation of her at the Meryton assembly by his aloof manner and superiority;and her suspicion of his responsibility for Mr.Bingley’s sudden migration to London which would ruin her sister’s chance of happiness.So when he made his proposal to Elizabeth, he heard her say: ―I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be induced to marry‖.Shocked and humiliated by Elizabeth’s refusal, the arrogant Darcy finally learned his lessons from Elizabeth.Upright as he actually was, Darcy wrote letter to Elizabeth, reveals the true character of Wickham and his true perception of Jane’s manner to Bingley.It was at this moment that Elizabeth contemplated the whole thing and she turned ―absolutely ashamed of herself‖, and the prejudice was relieved.Elizabeth at this point moved from strong hospitality to benevolent neutrality, but ―she could not approve him;or refusal, or feel the slightest inclination ever to see him again‖.The commitment component was formed after Elizabeth accept Darcy’s proposal.Only on the condition that Elizabeth saw the altered new Darcy, could she accept him as her man, who she respected and who respected her and her family.When Darcy meets Elizabeth at Pemberly unexpectedly, he entered into conversation with Mr.Gardiner.Elizabeth’s uncle, and asked permission for his sister to call upon Elizabeth.When Elizabeth told him that Lydia has run away with Wickham, he didn’t despise her but brought about the marriage by giving Wickham money.He started to stand on the level of equality to propose Elizabeth and he succeeded.After dispelling all misunderstandings, all three components of love——intimacy, passion, and commitment are formed.3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage

Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art.With a cool hand, she always has her imagination and passion under control.With great details drawn from everyday life and activities, the pictures of her characters are vividly portrayed and everyone comes alive.With simple language and conversing dialogues, her novels are surprisingly realistic.When she converted the disorderly reality into an orderly artistic unity, she pays much attention to the formal qualities of composition, to the design, and to the subordination of the parts to the whole.Her plots appear natural, unforced.They were developed easily and unhurriedly under the author’s perfect control.All the characters have their place in the plot and contribute to the main story.At her best, she keeps balance between facts and form as no other English novelist has ever done.Jane Austen is one of the few novelists who have managed fully to satisfy the requirements in the art of novel writing.Compared with other writers, Jane Austen defined hers stories within a narrow sphere.The subject matters, the character range, the social setting and plots are all restrict to the late 18th century England.Everything in her novels reminds us of a quiet, uneventful and contented life of the English country.Jane Austen believed that a man’s relation to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his belief and career, and reveals him fundamentally, so she characterizes readers a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life, such as their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors, etc.As a result, her novels have a universal significance.Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relationship.As a result her novels have a universal significance.From her point of view, life is made up of small things and human nature reveals itself in them as fully as in big ones and a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career, which reveals his moral quality more accurately and truthfully.So when Jane Austen writes she would describe human being in the most trivial incidents of everyday life rather than at moments of crisis.She wrote within a narrow sphere.The subject matter, the character range, the social settings and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England.Her attention would go to three or four landed gentle

families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, barbecues and gossips.As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her words a serious criticism of life and to expose the weakness and illusions of mankind.In her style she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and graceful in novel writing.The interest of Jane Austen is to study human being in their relations with other people in daily life, so her novels concern about the relationship between men and women in love.Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in which women are always taken as the major characters.In their pursuit of a happy marriage, they could be grouped into three categories: those who marry for money, position and property, those who marry just for passion and those who marry for love which is based on consideration of both the person’s personal merit and his economical and social status.So in her novels the point that money is not the only thing in the consideration of marriage but it plays a very important role found best reflection there.Austen’s this view towards marriage is still very popular nowadays.There are a lot of novels talking about marriage in Britain, but scarcely an author could be like Austen, exposing the money-essence of capitalism marriage system so deeply.In brief, it is money that determines everybody’s life and fate, especially marriage.As for it was pragmatic meaning, it could be forceful and penetrating.No wonder that David Dax，a western Marxism critic said, in the aspect of exposing ―the economics of human beings’ behavior‖, Jane Austen, ―to some extent, had been a Marxist before Marx’s being born.4.Conclusion As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities.Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues.Of course, one could also say that Elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and Darcy of pride: the title cuts both ways.Austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between Elizabeth and Darcy, including Lady Catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, Miss Bingley’s snobbery, Mrs.Bennet’s idiocy, and Wickham’s deceit.In each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love.Darcy and Elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society.Austen does sound some more realist(or, one could say, cynical)notes about love, using the character of Charlotte Lucas, who marries the buffoon Mr.Collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage.Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.The title tells the major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice.Pride is the character flaw that causes Elizabeth to dislike Darcy upon their first meeting.Yet Elizabeth herself also suffers from the same flaw;her pride in her own ability to analyze character is such that she refuses to reevaluate Darcy in the face of evidence in his favor.The concept of pride can be defined into two ways: positive and negative.Possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity.On the other hand, wrong or negative pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct and haughtiness.Mr.Darcy displays the positive side of pride while Mr.Bennet possesses wrong or negative pride, and a lack of pride itself in some cases.Darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name.He takes pride in these things and does anything he can to protect them.But Mr.Bennet who is a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does

not take pride in his family or takes his responsibility;Mr.Bennet ridicules the members of his family instead of controlling their unruly actions.Pride and Prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance.A woman is expected to behave in certain ways.Stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism.This theme appears in the novel, when Elizabeth walks to Netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious Miss Bingley and her friends.At other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of Mrs.Bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined(and snobbish)Darcy and Bingley.Austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when Lydia elopes with Wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter.By becoming Wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, Lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire Bennet family.Love is wonderful.The distance between two hearts is not necessarily because physical proximity or separation may change.But youth and love are the most likely to disappear under the sun of things.A woman can be deeply loved by a man in her all life.Is that a kind of happy? Or, a woman in her life missed a man who deeply loved her.What kind of regrets? Pride and Prejudice are the two points in our common human weaknesses.The human nature is too easily distorted, alienated.If not carefully or falling into blindness, you will loss of justice and reason.Meanwhile it was manipulated by emotions and it will go wrong.Elizabeth and Darcy is only one representative.The origin, property, status, education, once stained with upper edge, it is easy arrogance of the illnesses contracted on the poor, low, vulgar person disdained eyes;while the low status, property, few people, for humanity a kind of self-esteem, places biased against the pride of the superior person, which naturally is another distortion of arrogance.In “Pride and Prejudice”, although it is a battle of wits and means shining love sitcoms, actually tells us a truth, that is a solid love is the cornerstone of marriage.In order to property, money and status of marriage is wrong;while marriage does not take into account the factors mentioned above is also foolish.Love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are

understandings, helps and supporting between them.They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying going, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill into the same group.‖

References：

[1] Alan Macfarlane.Marriage and Love in England1300-1800[M].Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986 [2]于 欣.Money and Marriage——The Matrimonial Value Orientation in Pride and Prejudice[J].科教文匯，2006，（6）: 132-133.[3]李維屏.喬伊斯的美學(xué)思想和藝術(shù)[M].上海：上海外語教育出版社，2000 [4][英]狄更斯著.孫法理譯.雙城記[M].南京：譯林出版社，1996.6，第一版，序言 [5]Austen.Jane 林立譯Pride and Prejudice[M].北京：航空工業(yè)出版社，2007.[6] 簡·奧斯汀著.孫 致禮 譯.傲慢與偏見[M].上海：上海譯文出版社，1900 [7] 陳忠實(shí).白鹿原[M].北京：人民文學(xué)出版社，1993

Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Miss.Tang who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies.In the preparation of the thesis，she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice.Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in The Central South of University, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

第五篇：《傲慢與偏見》中的女性意識(shí)分析

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運(yùn)用超驗(yàn)主義解讀《小婦人》中的女性形象 64 美國基督新教與中國儒家的倫理道德的比較

唐詩中比喻修辭格的翻譯——以許淵沖英譯本為例 66 On the C-E Translation of Public Signs 67 Saussure’s Five Contributions to Linguistic Study and Its Modern Applications 68 中美婚姻觀對比研究

The Research of Chinese and Western Names in Cross-cultural Communication 70 A Brief Discussion on the Translation of Brand Names 71 On Symbolism in Hemingway's Cat in the Rain 72 從語境視角分析電影字幕英譯中翻譯

《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克與《失樂園》中的撒旦的反叛者形象比較 74 高中英語詞匯課堂教學(xué)策略

從中西方政治文化差異看中美關(guān)系 76 淺談?dòng)⒄Z委婉語的作用和原則

國產(chǎn)電影字幕歸化與異化研究－－以《集結(jié)號(hào)》為個(gè)案研究

A Comparative Study of Dragon Images in Chinese & Western Literary Classics 79 A Comparative Study of the Character of Tess and Jane Eyre 80 產(chǎn)品生命周期的營銷策略

從文化翻譯學(xué)行為論看漢語國俗語的英譯過程——對林語堂和《吾國吾民》的個(gè)案考察 82 A Comparison between Two Chinese Versions of Uncle Tom’s Cabin 83 論網(wǎng)絡(luò)英語的特征

Mirror Image Relationship Between General Liguang and Patton 英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，公布的題目可以用于直接使用和參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

從卡明斯的L（a 看視覺詩的可譯潛勢 86 中西方餐桌禮儀文化對比

從三美原則看中國古詩詞中酒意象的英譯

The Symbols and Their Symbolic Meanings in The Scarlet Letter 89 《哈利波特》中斯內(nèi)普的人物分析

從《芒果街上的小屋》透視女性自我意識(shí)的覺醒 91 淺析愛爾蘭詩人葉芝作品中的象征主義 92 尼斯湖和西湖—中西方旅游性格差異研究 93 商務(wù)信函的寫作原則與技巧

從《野性的呼喚》看杰克倫敦自然主義觀 95 淺析電影《我是山姆》中的反智主義

英漢銜接手段對比分析－－基于The Old Man and the Sea及其譯本的對比分析 97 Cross-cultural Differences in Business Etiquette Between China and America 98 大學(xué)英語課程改革審視：基于通識(shí)教育的視角 99 英語系動(dòng)詞語義屬性及句法行為研究

合作學(xué)習(xí)法對英語口語能力的影響——對獨(dú)立學(xué)院非英語專業(yè)學(xué)生的個(gè)案研究 101 提高學(xué)生寫作能力的途徑和方法 102 中西方飲食文化對比

Beowulf: A Christianity Guided Pagan Epic 104 論《兒子與情人》中的戀母情結(jié) 105 網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下英語自主學(xué)習(xí)模式的調(diào)查 106 從目的論視角研究中文菜名的英譯 107 中餐菜名的英譯與飲食文化傳播

從基督教教義分析《紅字》中的罪惡與救贖 109 數(shù)字模糊語義的漢英翻譯

淺析《寵兒》中塞絲背上的樹的形象

追尋荊棘的女人——淺析《荊棘鳥》中梅吉的形象 112 苔絲的悲劇成因淺析

英語語義歧義分析及其語用價(jià)值 114 以《老友記》為例淺析美式幽默 115 中美商務(wù)接待文化差異

中西方新聞報(bào)道看道德觀差異

平衡的維系——《天鈞》中的道家思想 118 應(yīng)用多媒體資源提高英語新聞聽力 119 少兒英語語言學(xué)習(xí)策略調(diào)查與研究

從文化角度探析中英基本顏色詞的比較和翻譯

言語行為理論在戲劇《芭芭拉少校》對白分析中的應(yīng)用 122 從委婉語看中西方禮儀文化的差異

《嘉莉妹妹》之女主人公新女性形象分析 124 分析文化差異在國際商務(wù)談判中的影響 125 英漢形狀類量詞的隱喻認(rèn)知分析

淺析《遠(yuǎn)大前程》中主人公皮普性格發(fā)展的形成因素 127 論《家》和《兒女一籮筐》中的中美家庭文化差異 128 李清照詞英譯研究

英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，公布的題目可以用于直接使用和參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

矛盾的女性意識(shí)：從《傲慢與偏見》看簡?奧斯汀的婚戀觀 130 背誦在英語學(xué)習(xí)中的作用

A Superficial Analysis of Religious Consciousness of Jane Eyre 132 動(dòng)物詞在中英文化中的喻義及其翻譯 133 伊莉莎白和凱瑟琳不同性格及命運(yùn)的分析

一個(gè)典型的拜倫式英雄——論《呼嘯山莊》中的希斯克利夫 135 《西游記》兩英譯本宗教用語翻譯比較：讀者接受論視角 136 從跨文化視角解讀中美商務(wù)談判中的沖突

A Journey through Harsh Reality: Reflections on Gulliver’s Travels 138 大衛(wèi)王：在希伯來世界中的社會(huì)地位 139 中美商務(wù)接待文化差異

《野性的呼喚》中的自然主義 141 論流行網(wǎng)絡(luò)詞匯的漢英翻譯

Analysis on the Withdrawal of Feminism in The Great Gatsby 143 論《殺死一只知更鳥》的成長主題 144 小學(xué)英語課堂互動(dòng)式教學(xué)研究

教師身勢語在英語口語教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用 146 從《紅字》看霍桑的道德思想觀

淺析《戀愛中的女人》的圣經(jīng)意象原型——從原型批評角度解讀 148 英漢人稱指示語的對比研究 149 英語動(dòng)畫片中的中國元素探究

隱喻視角下的方位詞研究－－以方位詞in和up為例

151 解讀托尼?莫瑞森小說《所羅門之歌》中黑人身份的迷失與回歸 152

153 國際商務(wù)談判中的中西文化沖突 154 試論金融英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)與翻譯

155 A Study of the Protagonist’s Pursuit of Identity in Invisible Man 156 女性主義視域下的《了不起的蓋茨比》 157 Translation of English News 158 面部表情和目視行為的跨文化研究

159 試論班揚(yáng)《天路歷程》中基督徒的精神歷程

160 論中美兩國的現(xiàn)代中年女性觀念之差——以美劇《欲望都市》為例 161 論接受理論對兒童文學(xué)作品的影響——以《快樂王子》中譯本為例 162 《魯濱遜漂流記》中‘星期五’的意義 163 公共標(biāo)識(shí)翻譯的跨文化語用學(xué)研究

164 The Analysis of Daisy in The Great Gatsby 165 論英漢諺語的起源差異

166 美國電影中的中華文化運(yùn)用得與失的研究 167 論遠(yuǎn)大前程中皮普的道德觀

168 Escapism in The Picture of Dorian Gray 169 論國際商務(wù)中的跨文化有效溝通 170 小說《飄》中斯嘉麗的人物性格分析 171 英文電影題目翻譯的異化與歸化研究 172 從《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》的蛻變

英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，公布的題目可以用于直接使用和參考（貢獻(xiàn)者ID 有提示）

173 荒島主義在《蠅王》中的映射 174 中英廣告宣傳方式的比較研究 175 中西方在養(yǎng)老孝道方面的差異

176 論“冰山原則”在《白象似的群山》中的應(yīng)用 177 初中英語課堂教學(xué)的任務(wù)型活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)

178 《湯姆叔叔的小屋》中圣克萊爾一家的人物分析 179 跨文化意識(shí)在初中英語教材中的滲透 180 中西思維差異對商務(wù)談判的影響 181 主位推進(jìn)模式在語篇翻譯中的應(yīng)用

182 From Dormancy to Revival—A Feminist Study on Kate Chopin’s Awakening 183 對比研究《珊瑚島》和《蠅王》主題的沖突性

184 Cultural Elements in Chinese Film Subtitles and Their Translation Strategies 185 英國海洋文化對英語習(xí)語的影響

186 從關(guān)聯(lián)-順應(yīng)理論視角研究旅游文本英譯

187 Psychological Portrayal in an Epistolary Novel－－－－On Samuel Richardson’s Pamela 188 小議非英語專業(yè)大學(xué)生英語口語能力的培養(yǎng) 189 從世紀(jì)后服飾發(fā)展比較中西文化差異 190 The Artistic Value of The Call of the Wild 191 The Relationship between Love and the Development of the Protagonists’ Characters in Great Expectations 192 從目的論看林語堂《浮生六記》翻譯中增譯法的運(yùn)用

193 A Comparative Study on American and Chinese Values Based on Friends 194 《藻海無邊》中邊緣女性的生存與救贖 195 《喜福會(huì)》體現(xiàn)的中美家庭觀念沖突解析

196 A Pragmatic Analysis of Puns in English Advertisements under the Cooperative Principle 197 An Analysis of the Divided Human Nature in O.Henry’s Major Works

198 A Study of the Characters and Their Influence on the Hero of The Catcher in the Rye 199 《傲慢與偏見》中的女性意識(shí)分析 200 從《熱愛生命》看杰克?倫敦的生命觀