第一篇：2019高考英語知識點總結精華版(最全)
2019屆高考英語知識點總結精華版(史上最全)1.a great/good many: a large number of許多。修飾可數名詞復數。
I’m quite busy.I have a great many things to do.我很忙，我有很多事要做。若復數名詞前有限定詞或其修飾的為代詞時，應加of.①A great many of the books have been sold out.已經賣了很多書了。②A great many of them are out of work.他們很多人失業了。
2.able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)①He is an able man.那人本事不小。enable(v)使……能
②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我們要多學知識以便能面對各種困難。
disable:有殘疾的，不能干的；the disabled表示一類人（殘疾人）able作詞輟時
①可以……的，值得……的（有被動含義）
eatable可食用的，measurable可以測量、估計的；readable可讀的 ②其他含義：conformable舒適的、安逸的；suitable 合適的，恰當的
3.above, over, on 三個詞都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。On表示與某物體表面接觸；over表示在某物體垂直的上方，含“布滿、覆蓋、跨越”之意，與under 相對；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，與below相對。注意：與數字、數量、長度詞連用時，多用over,同more than。如：over10,000people一萬多人；表示年齡、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十開外的人；above zero零度以上。習慣用語：well above average遠在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一個；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那邊；all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and
over再三地 [應用]介詞填空
①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it.②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him.③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city.④The moon was______the trees in the east.Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above above all 首先，特別是，最重要的是 after all 到底，畢竟
at all(用來加強語氣)與not連用，表示“一點也不，完全不”。in all 總共
all but 幾乎，差點沒（=almost,nearly）①We have all but finished the work.②The day turned out fine after all.③Children need many things ,but above all they need love.④He wasn’t at all tired.⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的，確實)？ ⑥There were twenty in all at the party.accident/event/ incident event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然發生的事故，特別是不幸的、有損害性的事故。incident相對于accident來說，顯得不很重要，指“小事件”，它還可以用來表示“事變”，如叛亂、爆炸等。如：
The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.廣播員正在播報時事新聞。He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中，他嚴重受傷。
There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那輛公共汽車上發生了一件事，有個人和售票員打了起來。
Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你聽說過“西安事變”嗎？
admit vt.①接納，許可……進入（allow sb./sth.to enter）
He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.②承認，后可接名詞，doing、從句或復合結構。
I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task to be difficult.advice建議；勸告。是不可數名詞，“一條建議”應用a piece of advice。常用結構。give sb.advice(on)/give advice給某人提（關于……的）建議；忠告某人。ask(sb.)for advice征求（某人的）意見。
①Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.關于如何學好外語，馬克思給我們提了些好建議。
②If you take /follow my advice, you’ll pass the exam.如果你聽從我的建議，你會考試及格的。③Let’s ask our teacher for some advice.咱們征求一下老師的意見吧。admire（= respect / praise）vt.羨慕，欽佩，夸獎
admire sb.（for sth.）佩服某人某事
Visitors to Beijing greatly admire our Palace Museum.去北京的游人極其羨慕我們的故宮。
I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧。別忘了夸獎孩子。對比：envy（= jealous）vt.嫉妨，羨慕
envy sb.（sth.）嫉妒/羨慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.我們都很羨慕你的好運。
advise sb.to do sth.建議某人做某事（suggest不這樣用）。①I advise you to take the chance.我建議你抓住機會。②—What do you advise me to do?你建議我怎么辦？
—I advise you not to lose heart;just keep on.我勸你不要灰心，繼續干。
advise 還可同suggest一樣，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞（短語）和that從句（用虛擬語氣）作賓語。①—What would you advise?你有什么建議嗎？—I advise you an early start我建議你早點出發。②I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建議召開一次會議來討論這個問題。③I advise you(should)go to once.我建議你馬上去。advise，persuade
persuade sb.to do sth.意為“說服某人做某事”，強調勸說成功，說服；advise sb.to do sth.意為“勸說某人做某事”，不涉及勸說是否有效，相當于try to persuade sb.to do sth.。如： The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.醫生說服我爸爸戒了煙。The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.醫生勸我爸爸戒煙，但沒成功。advise;suggest advise 與suggest 都可作“建議”講，二者用法有同有異。(1)相同點表示建議做某事，advise與suggest都可采用下列三種句型: ① + 名詞 ② + 動名詞
③ + that從句（從句中常用should加動詞原形，should可以省略。）eg.He advised/ suggested an early start.He advised/ suggested(our)starting early.He advised/ suggested that we(should)start early.(注：只要是用從句表示建議該做的事，從句中就可用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。)上面 的第三句可轉化為：
It was suggested that we(should)start early.What he suggested was that we(should)start early.His suggestion was that we(should)start early.(2)不同點
①advise后可以跟人稱代詞作賓語，而suggest后不可以跟人稱代詞作賓語。故可以說：
advise sb.to do sth.;advise sb.against(doing)sth.;advise sb.on/ about sth.;suggest(to sb.)that...前三種結構中不可將advise改為suggest，如： 他建議我們去參觀博物館。
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.[誤]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.[誤]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.②suggest還有“暗示、表明、說、指出（一個事實）”的意思。此時從句中用陳述語氣，不用虛擬語氣。如：
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陳述了一個事實，故用陳述語氣。)比較：
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建議該做某事，從句中用should加動詞原形，should在從句中省略。)affect（=have an effect on sth.）vt.影響（effect n.影響）
This may affect your health.這或許會影響你的健康。
My throat is always affected by bad weather.我的嗓子總是受惡劣天氣的影響。
afraid 1)“be afraid of+名詞”，意為“害怕”。
2）“be afraid of doing sth”意為“擔心，害怕……”。3）“be afraid for…”意為“為……擔心。” 4）“be afraid that…”意為“擔心，恐怕”。
5）“be afraid to do ”意為“害怕，擔心而不敢做某事”。6）I’m afraid so/not.恐怕是這樣/恐怕不會這樣 [應用]完成句子
①女孩子一般都怕蛇。Girls are usually______ _____snakes.②他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.③你不為自己的安全擔心嗎？Are you afraid_______your safety? ④恐怕她會迷路。I am _____ _____she will lose her way.⑤湯姆把錢丟了，也不敢告訴他母親。Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.Key:①afraid,of ②of,breaking ③for ④afraid,that ⑤to tell again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地
The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.這位老人再三地想起他幸福的過去。age
(1)n.年齡，時代，時期
The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old.那位老人80歲時去世了。
He is young for his age.就他的年齡而論，他是年輕的。
What is the age of the church? 這座教堂多少年了？
He was the greatest poet of the age.他是那個時代最偉大的詩人。
(2)vi./vt.變老
He is aging fast.Worry ages a man.他老得很快。憂慮令人老！
I found him greatly aged.我發現他老多了。拓展：（1）adj.aged……歲的，年老的
a boy aged ten 一個10歲的男孩
an aged man老人
(2)人生的七期
baby→infant→child→youth→manhood→middle age→old age 嬰兒/0→幼兒7→兒童12→青年28→壯年40→中年65→老年 agree 同意。常用桔構：
(1)agree on 對……取得一致意見或達成協議,一般表示原雙方共同商討以后達成協議的名詞)。主語必須是兩者以上。也常用被動語態，表示“（某事）是大家都同意的”。如：
①They agreed on the date for the next meeting.對下次會議的日期他們達成了一致意見。②At last,the plan was agreed on.最后，這項計劃通過了。
③I don’t agree with you to this arrangement, but perhaps, after a discussion we will agree on this project.我不贊同你在這件事的安排，但或許在協商之后我們可以就這個工程達成共識。(2)agree to 同意；贊成。to 為介詞，后接表示“建議；辦法；計劃”等名詞。①Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的計劃嗎？
②The headmaster has agreed to our suggestion for the holiday.校長同意了我們度假的建議。(3)agree with同意；贊成。后接sb.或what 從句。
I agree with you ,but I don’t agree with what he said.我同意你的意見，但我不同意他所說的。另外，agree with還有“與……相適應/相一致”的意思。
The climate here doesn’t agree with me.我不適應這里的氣候。(4)agree to do sth.同意、答應做某事。
Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money?如果我們答應借錢給你，你同意和我們一起去嗎？
ahead短語歸納
go ahead朝前走，請便（同意對方繼續干或同意對方的請求）；go ahead(on)with…繼續；ahead of在……前面，早于，優先；ahead of time提前 [應用]完成句子
①他朝前走去看看發生了什么事情。He ________ ________ to see what had happened.②我可以坐這個座位嗎？請坐吧。May I take this seat?________ _______.③湯姆的數學比瑪麗好。Tom is ________ _______ Mary in maths.④她比我早到2個小時。She arrived two hours _______ _______me.⑤他們已提前三周完成了設計。They have completed the design _______ ______ _______ _______time.Key:①went,ahead ②Go,ahead③/ ④ahead,of⑤three,weeks,ahead,of alive,living,live,lively,lovely區別
1)lovely意“可愛的”，“美好的”如：a lovely day 美好的一天
a lovely girl 可愛的女孩 2)alive 意為“活著的、有活力的”,是表語形容詞，可修飾人、物； 在句中做表語賓補和或后置定詞，不能用作前置定語。如
He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往醫院時還活著。Although he is old, he is still very much alive.雖然年老了，但他仍十分活躍。The fish is still alive/living.那條魚還活著。Keep him alive, please.請讓他活下去吧。
He is the only man alive in the accident.他是事故中惟一活著的人。After the war , he remained alive.戰后他還活著。Those alive will gather here.活著的人將在此相聚。
3)living 意為“活著的、有生命的”，主要用于作前置定語及冠詞the 之后表示一類人，也可用作表語，可修飾人或物。如： a living plant
活的植物
The living will go on with the work of the dead.活著的人將繼續死者的工作。all living things所有生物 the living 在世者，活著的人們 Latin is not a living language.拉丁語不是現代使用的語言。He is still living at the age of 95.95歲了他還活著。4)live [laiv]（1）（動、植物）“活的”，“有生命的”，“活生生的，主要用來說鳥或其它動物，作前置定語；如：a live fish一條活魚 a live tiger 一只活老虎
(2)實況的，現場直播的；如：a live report現場報道a live show/broadcast/TV program現場轉播的表演/實況廣播/現場直播的電視節目 living有精神的，活潑的，快活的，輕快的
Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.她爺爺已經93歲了，仍然健在。5)lively 意為“活潑的”，“有生氣的”, 生動的 “生動的”，可用作表語、定語，指人或物。如： a lively child 活潑的孩子
a lively description 生動的描述如：
a lively mind 活躍的頭腦
a lively discussion 熱烈的討論 a way of making one’s classes lively
使課堂生動的方法
He told a lively story about his life in Africa.他講述了一個有關他的非洲生活的一個生動故事。
Young children are usually lively.年輕人通常很活潑。all the same adj.都一樣；無所謂（to+n.）
①You can stay or leave now;It’s all the same to me.②It’s all the same to me whether we’ll go there today or tomorrow.adv.仍然，還是
Thank you all the same.all the year round 全年，一年到頭
In the west coast of Canada,it rains all the year round.allow與permit 1)用法相同
allow / permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事
allow / permit doing sth.允許做某事。此時動詞只用ing 形式。反義詞forbid 具有同樣用法。2)意義有異同
許多情況下可換用，只是詞意的強弱上有差異。allow語意較弱，含有“聽任”，“默許”，“不加阻止”的意思；permit 語意較強，強調“正式認可”，“批準”的意思。如： The nurse allowed him to remain there ,though it was not permitted.護士讓他留在那里，雖然這時（規定）不允許的。amaze vt.使……驚奇 = astonish, surprise
The news amazed us greatly.這條消息使我們感到很驚奇。
拓展：（1）amazed人對……感到吃驚的；amazing（某物）……信人吃驚的。
They were all amazed at the amazing news.聽到這個令人吃驚的消息他們感到驚訝。
(2)amazement n.to one’s amazement令人吃驚的是
To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna.讓我奇怪的是，他們去西雙版納了。類似短語：to one’s happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement 使某人高興的/興奮的/傷心的/迷惑的是
and so on : etc 等等。用來表示列舉，但又不一一列出。
He knows five foreign languages, English, French, Japanese and so on.他懂5種外語，如英語、法語、日語等等。
announce, explain, introduce, declare后面不接雙賓語，若以人作賓語常置于to后。如： The president announced to the workers the sad news.The president announced the sad news to the workers.總裁向工人宣布了那不幸的消息。He introduced the new comer to everyone here.他把新來的那個人介紹給這里的每個人。report to sb.向某人匯報：report sth/sb.to sb.向某人匯報/告訴。[應用]單句改錯
①The teacher explained his students how to use the computer.②No one declared us we could not smoke here.Key:①explain后加to
②declare后加to
another day/the other day/some day/one day another day 可表示近期將來的某一天，意為“改天”，也可表示過去將來某一動作或狀態延續的“又一天”。如: She is coming another day instead of today.她今天不來，改天來。You may do it another day.你可以改天做這件事。
He stayed there(for)another day/another two days after I lift.我離開后他在那又待了一天/兩天。
the other day 相當于a few days ago,意為“幾天前、某天、那天、不久前”，句中用一般過去時。如： I met her in the street the other day.幾天前我在街上碰見過她。I bought the watch the other day.這手表我是幾天前買的。
some day指將來“總有一天、有朝一日、終將、（日后）某一天”，謂語動詞用一般將來時.如: Your wishes will come true some day.總有一天你的愿望會實現的。Some day you’ll have to pay for what you have done.總有一天你要為你的行為而付出代價的。
one day可以表示“（過去）某一天”，謂語動詞常用一般過去式；也可表示“（將來）某一天”，這時可與some day互相代替，謂語常用一般將來時。如：
One day I went to see my first teacher ,but he happened to be out.有一天，我去看我的啟蒙老師，可碰巧他出去了。
He will understand the teacher one day/some day.將來有一天，他會理解老師的。anxious, eager 兩個詞均有“渴望，急于”之意。anxious 著重指焦急、著急或擔心；而eager著重指對成功的期望或進取的熱情。兩者都多用作表語，其主語通常是人，不能以無生命的事物作主語。對比： He is eager to join the army.他渴望參軍。
He is anxious to know whether he has been chosen.他急于知道是否被選上了。常用搭配：
①be anxious to do sth.渴望急切地做某事；be anxious for渴望（了解、得到）； be anxious about擔心，對……感到不安 ②be eager to do sth.急切地想做某事； be eager for(about, after)渴望，渴求，be eager for your help渴望得到你的幫助； be eager about peace渴望和平①學生們都急切地想知道考試結果。
The students ________ ________ ________ ________ the results ofthe examination.②那個小男孩渴望得到一臺新錄音機。The little boy was ________ ________a new recorder.③我很擔心我兒子的健康。I’m ________ ________my son’s health.④他殷切希望女兒的成功。He is __________ _________ his daughter’s success.Key:①are, anxious(eager),to ,know②anxious(eager)，for③anxious, about④eager, for(about, after)apologize for doing sth.apologize是不及物動詞，意為“道歉”，其表達式為“apologize to sb.for sth.”。如：
You must apologize to your sister for being so rude.它的名詞形式是apology, 復數形式是apologizes.make one’s apologies to sb.for sth.= make an apology to sb.for sth.如： He make his apologies to me for coming late.appear As a result, it appered to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此，地球上的科學家看來，恒星好像是移動了。
句型：It appears/seems(to sb.)+that—clause.看來/似乎是…… ①It appears to me that something is wrong.我看好像有點不大對頭。②It appears that he will the prize.看來他會得笑。appear;seem;look appear, seem, look都有“看起來似……”之意，但其暗含意思和用法又各有不同。從意義上講：
(1)appear強調外表給人的印象，有時含實質上并非如此的意思，如：
He appears to know more than he really does。他看起來好像懂得很多。（其實懂得沒有那么多）(2)seem暗示有一定根據的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實，如： His health seems to be better.他的健康狀況似乎有所好轉。(3)look著重由視覺得出的印象，如：
He doesn’t look his age.他看起來比實際年齡年輕（或老成）。從用法上講：
seem和appear后可加
(to + be)+表語(adj.或n.或prep.)+to v.It + ~ +(that)從句如：
He seems/appears（to be）very sad today.=It seems that he is very sad today.It seems like years since I saw you last time.He seems a kind doctor.（=It seems that he is a kind doctor.）
He seems/appears to have caught a cold.=It seems/appears that he has caught a cold.look當“看起來似乎…和as if從句。如： He looks strong.She looks like her mother.It looks as if we are going to miss the train.…”講時，可接形容詞、過去分詞、名詞、介詞短語 area;district（1）area表示“地區、區域”，是普通用詞，暗示一個較大的，可能是沒有清楚界限的地區，不能用來指行政上的地理單位。如：
The old man lives in a mountain area.這位老人生活在山東。This is a less developed area.這是個欠發達地區。
Most of the large land areas are connected.多數大塊陸地是相連的。
（2）district表示“區、地區、區域”，指為行政管理或選舉之目的所分的區。在同一城市，各種性質不同的區域也叫district。如：
Where is the District of Columbia?哥倫比亞特區在什么地方？
The old man used to work in the jin-Cha-Ji Military District.那位老人曾經在晉察冀軍區工作。The northeast part of the city is the residential district.這城市的東北部是住宅區。Arm
take…in one’s arms 該結構意為“擁抱”。如：
He went into classroom, taking some books in his arms.As a child….:As/When he was a child…，小的時候，該句型中的as為連詞，意為“在……的時候”，引導時間狀語從句。當從句與主句主語一致，且從句謂語為be時，可將從句主語及be省略。①Even as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上學的時候，史密斯教授對數學就很感興趣。
②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小時候，他就喜歡和大人們打乒乓球。
as a result 作為結果，結果（發生某情況），可置于句首，也可置于句末
She got up very early.As a result, she was able to catch the early bus.她起得很早，因此她趕上了早班車。
He has won the game.He is in high spirits as a result.他贏了比賽，所以他精神高昂。He runs every day.As a result , he has lost weight.他每天跑步，結果他減肥了。as a result of 作為……的結果，as a result of……的結果是 As a result of exercise , he has built up his health.The flight was delayed as a result of typhoon.該次班機因臺風而延誤 result in = lead to 導致，造成……結果，如：
Hard work results in success.努力終歸成功。(= Success results from hard work.成功來自努力)Hard work results in success.勤奮才會成功。result from 由……產生的結果，如：
Success results from hard work.成功來自勤奮。
His illness resulted from overwork.他的病起因于操勞過渡。as…as
as many as 和……一樣多/多達；as much as 和……一樣多/多達（注意：many指可數的量，much 指不可數詞的量）；as high as 和……一樣高/高達；as thick as 和……一樣厚/厚達；as long as 一樣長/長達;as deep as 一樣深/深達；as early as 一樣早/早在……時候，如：
We have as many books as they.我們的書和他們的一樣多。/The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings.大火燒毀的大樓多達20座。[應用]漢譯英
①新橋與舊橋一樣長。/這種魚可長到長達15英尺。②這座山和遠處的另一座一樣高。/這座山高達4000米。
Key:①The new bridge is as long as the old one./The kind of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.②This mountain is as high as another one in the distance./This mountain is as high as 4,000 metres.as…as possible:as…as one can盡可能地…….①I’ll come back as soon as possible.我盡可能地……
②Get up as early as possible tomorrow morning.明天早晨盡量早起。as...as...用法小結
（1）...as+形容詞（副詞）原級+as...;not as/so+形容詞（副詞）原級+as...Their factory is as large as ours.他們的工廠和我們的一樣大。I study as hard as you.我和你一樣用功學習。
He doesn’t get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父母那樣早起床。（2）……倍數 + as + 形容詞（副詞）原級+as...Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.線段AB是線段CD長的3倍。
（3）as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數可數名詞 + as;as + 形容詞+復數名詞 + as She is as good many records as possible.我們需要盡量多的唱片。
There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.其中的含糖量相當于八塊方糖。I have’t got as much money as I thought.我沒有原來想象的那么多錢。（5）as much/ many as多達……，……那么多
On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在運動會上，進行接力賽跑時，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小時多達650卡。As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多達700種不同的語言。He didn’t catch as many as he’d hoped.他沒有捉住預想的那么多。（6）as...as possible;as...as one can The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can.=The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老師在黑板上應盡可能仔細地把字寫好。
Please be as friendly as possible to your friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.請對你的朋友盡可能友好。
（7）as...as + 年代數字/名詞
As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就認識他了。He walked as far as the post office.他步行到郵局。（8）as/so far as I know As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他將要離家3個月。（9）as soon as—……就……
Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，請通知我們一聲。（10）as well as 和；也；還有
He gave me money as well as advice.他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢。He studies French as well as English.他不但學習英語，而且學習法語。（11）as/so long as 只要；如果
You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本詞典。as a matter of fact=in fact事實上、實際上……
It seems easy,but as a matter of fact,it’ll take us a long time to work it out.這道題貌似簡單，實際上要解出的話很費時間。區別下列用法
1)as(so)far as 和……一樣遠，遠至（原級比較或表示距離）；就……來講 2)as(so)long as 和……一樣長（原級比較）；只要（引導條件 狀語從句）
3）as well as和……一樣好；既……也……（連接并列成分）4）as good as和……一樣好；事實上（作狀語）[應用]完成句子
①他們實際上已經答應幫助我們了。They have ________ _______ ______ promised to help us.②油漆后的這輛自行車和新的一樣。Painted, this bike is _______ _____ ______ a new one.③小李英語說得和漢語一樣好。Xiao Li speaks English______ ______ _____ she speaks Chinese.④他和他的父母對我都很好。He _______ ______ ______his parents is kind to me.⑤晚飯后我們一直到走山腳下。After supper we walked______ _____ ______the foot of the hill.⑥就我所知，他將離開兩個月。______ ______ ______I know, he’ll be away for two months.⑦只要努力，你一定會成功。________ ________ _______you work hard, you’ll succeed in time.⑧這座新建的橋據說和舊的一樣長。This newly – built bridge is said to be _____ ____ ___the old one.Key:①②as good as;③④as well as ⑤as far as
⑥As, far,as ⑦As/so,long,as ⑧as,long,as as if可用as though替換，在此引導表語從句，另外它們也可引導狀語從句，從句既可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。如：
①It looks as if /though it’s going to rain.（陳述語氣）
②You look as if you’d seen a ghost.（虛擬語氣）as is the case with = as with ……就和……的情況一樣
As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music.跟母親一樣，他喜歡音樂。
As with human, animals also love their babies.同人一樣，動物也愛它們的幼仔。as good as as good as 作為固定詞組意為“幾乎一樣”，“實際上等于”，作為同級比較結構，意為“和……一樣好”。如：
①He is as good at English as me.②My bike is as good as yours.…as it is
該固定詞組表達意思是“就以（現在）這個樣子，”“根據現在的情況”。如：He decided to buy the house as it is.as long as/so long as只要
(1)引導條件狀語從句
You may borrow the book as / so long as you keep it clean.只要你不把書弄臟，你就可以借。You will succeed so long as you work hard.只要你努力就會成功。
As long as you study hard, you’ll make great progress.只要你努力學習，你就會取得很大進步。
(2)和……一樣長
This rope is as long as that one.這條繩子和那條一樣長。
This bridge isn’t so/as long as that one.這座橋和那座不一樣長。
(3)長達……（表時間）
The old couple have been living in the small town as long as 50 years.這對老夫婦已在這個小城鎮里住了長達50年。as well/ as well as as well 表示“也”，是副詞短語，用作狀語，通常放在句末，也可放在主語之后，相當于too,但一般無
標點符號與句子隔開.as well as 通常看作一個復合并列連詞,連接兩個成分相同的詞、短語或句子，表示“既……又……，不但……而且……”當它連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的人稱和數要與第一個主語保持一致。如：
The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子們學習讀書寫字，他們也做游戲。With television,we can see a picture as well as hear sound.利用電視,我們既能聽到聲音,又能看到圖像.Tom,as well as his parents,likes pop music.湯姆以及他的父母都喜歡流行音樂。as;which引導定語從句異同
as, which 都能引導限制性或非限制性的定語從句。(1)在引導限制性定語從句時；
①which從句修飾的先行詞是名詞（詞組），which可與that換用，作賓語時可省去。如：
Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box which doesn’t.But the studios(which)he started are still busy today, producing more and more interesting films.②as從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾；as可作主、賓、表語，一律不可省略。如：Many of the sports were the same as they are now.（as作表語）He uses the same map as I(use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。（as作賓語）
Such as beautiful park as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮的公園是由兩個年輕的工程師設計的。（as作主語）
The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected.印好的報紙并非如主編原來所期望的那樣。（as作賓語）
(2)在引導非限制性定語從句時，as,which都可作主、賓、表語，都不可省去。①which從句補充說明先行詞的用途、性質、狀態、特征等。如：
At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper.(用途)One of Charile Chaplin’s most famous films was“The Gold Rush”,which was made in 1925.(時間)Now, however,the maters of this great lake,which is also the World’s deepest(over 1,740 metres),have been dirtied by waste from a chemical factory.(特征)②which從句還可表示說話人的看法，也可對主句作意義上的補充；which=and it/ this/ that/ they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分；which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如： He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他說她會四門外語，這是不可能的。（說話人看法，which代表賓語從句部分）
比較：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他說她會四門外語，這使我們每個人都很驚訝。（補充主句，which 代表主句）
Leaves are turning yellow, which means autumn is coming.樹葉正在變黃，這意味著秋天就要來了。
③as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有“正如”的意義，其從句可放在主句前或后，如： The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was compl-eted in 1969.我們都知道南京長江大橋，它建成于一九六九年。（as代表先行詞）
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們許多人（所做的那樣）對事實視而不見是愚蠢的。（as代表主語部分）
As we know, the earth is round.我們知道，地球是圓的。ask for 要求，請求
ask sb.for sth.向（某人）請求（要求）……
She asked for some advice on how to learn English well.at表示速度、價格、利率
at a high/low price以高價/;低價；at 40 miles an hour 以每小時40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以……速度。[應用]完成句子
①公司決定以較低的價格將這批電視賣掉。
The company decided to sell the TV sets _
__ _
__ __
_
。②火車正以每小時150英里的速度前進。
The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour.Key:①at, a, low, price②at,a, speed,of “at+名詞”表示“在進行，從事”
at work 在工作；at table在吃飯；at play 在做游戲；at sea 出海；at university/college在上學;at night school在上夜校；at dinner/table在吃飯；at peace處于和平狀態；at war在交戰，在打仗 [應用]完成句子。
①別人在工作，不要吵鬧。Don’t make any noise while others are ______ ________.②孩子們在游戲，而他們的父母正在吃飯。
The children were ______ ________ while their parents were_______ _______.Key:①at, work②at,play,at,dinner at last, in the end, finally 三者均有“最后、終于”的含義。
finally常用于動詞之前，表示人們長期以來期待的某事最后實現了，也可指一系列事物或論點的順序。例如：
Ａfter putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經過三次延期之后,我們終于在希臘度了一次假。
Ｔhey talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談論了幾個小時，最后決定不去。
at last 有時可與finally互換，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，語氣更強烈。例如：
When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當人們最終找到他時，他已經奄奄一息了。James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過了考試。
in the end指經過許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后，某事才發生。例如：
We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五種不同的度假方案，但最后我們還是選定了再來一次夏令營活動。at(the)least 至少；最少。反義詞組為at(the)most至多；最多。
—Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at(the)most 40 years old.史密斯先生很顯老，實際上他最多40歲。
—Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at(the)least.噢，真的嗎？我以為他至少50歲了。at the beginning of 在……初（開頭），可指時間與空間。如： at the beginning of term 在學期開始
at the beginning of the book 在那本書的開頭
at the beginning 單獨用時間at first，也可說in the beginning.比較：at the end of 在……末（盡頭）
at the end 在末尾處 in the end 最終，同at last
in the middle of 在……中期 from beginning to end 從頭至尾 at the doctor’s
該結構為介詞+名詞所有格，意為“在診所”。所有格-’s后一般接名詞，如her mother’s bike ,但有時這個名詞可省略，主要表現在以下兩個方面：
①指一個企業，機構，教堂，學校，醫院，家庭，理發店，店鋪時。如： She is at the hairdresser’s.②為了避免重復，省略-’s后的名詞。如：
I have read some of Shaw’s plays,but none of Shakespeare’s.at the last moment在最后關頭
at the moment 此刻；正在那時 for a moment片刻；一會兒for the moment 目前，暫時in a moment立刻，馬上
at the top of在……的頂部，上方 at the top of a mountain在山頂 She is(at)the top of her class in French.at the top of one’s voice高聲地，尖聲地 at war 該介賓詞組意思是“處于戰爭或交戰狀態”。在句中常作表語。如： The U.S.A.and Iraq are at war again.at, with, through表原因
三個介詞都可表示原因，at表示聽到或看到的原因；with表示人體外部的原因；through 強調自身的原因。如：be sad at the news聽了這個消息而悲傷；be frightened at the sight看了那個情景而害怕；jump up with joy高興地跳了起來；turn red with anger氣得臉紅；shake with cold/fear凍得/害怕得發抖；with pleasure高興地；with pride 驕傲地；with satisfaction滿意地；make the mistake through his carelessness由于粗心而出錯；be put into prison through no fault of his own 沒有任何罪過被關進監獄。[應用]漢譯英
①聽到這個消息，全國人民處于悲哀之中。②孩子們高興地跳了起來。
③由于大意他犯了這個錯誤。
Key:①At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.②The children jumped up with joy.③He made the mistake through his carelessness.at work;out of work;after work 這三個以work為中心詞的介詞短語，在意思和用法上均不相同。(1)at work表示“在工作、在上班”，作表語或狀語。例如： They are both at work today.今天他們倆都在上班。
His father had an accident at work last week.上周的父親在工作時出了事故。
(2)out of work表示“失業”，是介詞短語，相當于lost one’s job或be unemployed。例如： If you don’t work hard, you’ll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就會失業。You’ll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是遲到，你會失業的。(3)after work表示“下班后”，作時間狀語。例如：
What do you usually do after work?下班后你經常干什么？ I visited Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望過劉先生。attempt(1)n.嘗試；企圖。
①He made an attempt to learn to ski.他嘗試著學滑雪。
②He failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企圖爬上這座山，卻失敗了。(2)vt.嘗試；企圖。
①She attempted to learn Japanese.她試圖學習日語。②The prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企圖逃走。12.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不使入內；不牽涉進去。①Warm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。
②Keep out of their quarrels.不要參與他們爭吵。attention 短語
pay attention to sth.注意某事
draw one’s attention(to sth.)引起某人的注意 be worth one’s attention 值得某人注意 bring one’s attention to sth.叫某人注意某事 average短語歸納
average 可用作名詞，表示“平均數，一般水平”，也可作形容詞，表示“平均的”。如： the average of the pay平均工資；above/below the average平均以上/以下； the average age of the girls姑娘的平均年齡； the average temperature平均氣溫； on(an,the)average平均起來 [應用]完成句子
①這個廠的工人平均每月收入700元。____ ______，one worker in this factory gets 700 yuan every month.②他的功課一般以上。He is_________ _________ in his lessons.Key: ①On, average
②above, average
awake,wake ①awake用作及物或不及物動詞，表示“叫醒，喚醒；醒來”；而wake表示相同意義時，必須與up連用，對比：
The noise awoke me./The noise woke me up.嗓音把我鬧醒。
She usually awakes at six in the morning./She usually wakes up at six in the morning.她通常早上6點醒。
注意：awake 不與up連用；wake up 的賓語是人稱代詞時必須置于兩個詞之間。誤：wake up him
正：wake him up ②awake 還可用作形容詞，只用作表語或后置定語，不能用作前置定語。其反義詞是asleep.如： Is he awake or asleep?他睡著了還是醒著？
Anyone awake heard the sound.任何醒著的人都聽到了那個聲音。注意：wide/fully awake 完全醒著；sound/fast/deeply asleep熟睡 [應用]完成句子
①他醒來時，他母親在他的旁邊。When he_______,his mother was beside him.②我徹夜未眠，一直在考慮這個問題。I have lain_______all night thinking of the problem.③他突然醒了，好象有人叫他的名字。He ______ _______suddenly,as if someone had called his name.④她睡著的時候誰也叫不醒他。No one can_______ _______ ________when she is asleep.Key:①awoke ②awake ③woke up ④wake,her,up battle, war, fight, struggle war指戰爭的總體；battle指war中的戰斗或戰役；fight指具體的人與人之間或動物之間的爭斗；struggle指長時間、激烈的爭斗，多指肉體、精神上的戰斗。對比： We have had two world wars in this century.本世紀已有兩次世界大戰。They were wounded in the battle.他們在戰斗中受了傷。
We have started a fight against pollution.我們已開始了一場消除污染的斗爭。His life was a hard struggle with sickness.他一生跟疾病作了艱苦的斗爭。[應用]英譯漢
①in time of war
②be at war ③declare war on…④fight a battle ⑤give/offer battle
⑥have a hand-to-hand fight Key:①戰時②交戰，在打仗 ③對……宣戰④打一仗挑戰
⑤肉搏戰
伴隨狀語可用現在分詞也可用過去分詞
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.本句有三個并列謂語，looking 部分為伴隨狀語。
例題
1）He held up his finger ,_______ a face and nodded his head.A．making
B.made 答案：B.此題有and，需連接并列結構，所填詞的形式應與前后保持一致。
2)He sat there in silence, _______sad and doing nothing.A.looking
B.looked 答案：A.此題and 之后ing形式，其前面也應該用ing形式，而不能與前面的sat并列。3)He sat there in silence ,______ nothing.A.doing
B.did 答案：A.此題才是在逗號之后，需要伴隨狀誤。
4)He set out early, ________ there on time.A.arriving
B.and arrived 答案：B.此題兩種選項從形式看都有可能，但根據意思看，“到達”并不伴隨“出發”的動作，而是明顯地有先有后。
5)He made a smile, _____ with the result.A.satisfying
B.satisfied 答案：B.伴隨狀語可用現在分詞也可用過去分詞，此處表示“感到滿意”的一種狀態，而satisfying表示令人滿意的，此時的satisfied是過去分詞，而不是過去式。
be about to do sth.正要、即將做某事。是將來時的一種表達方式，表示最近的將來。①I was about to go to bed when he called.我正要去睡覺，這時他打來了電話。②When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.我看到湯姆，他正要上汽車。注意：be about to 通常不用于帶有具體時間狀語的句子，但可用be going to 表示。①Hurry up!They are about to start.快點！他們就要走了。
②Hurry up!They are going to start at 10 o’clock.快點！10點鐘他們就要走了。be ahead of
該詞組有兩層意思，一是“優于”，“超過”；二是“比……早”，“在……的前面”。如： He is well ahead of all the other students in English.be angry with sb.生某人的氣。be angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣。
①Don’t be angry with me for my being late?不要因為我遲到而生我的氣。②What are you angry about?你生什么氣？
③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.讓他等了這么久，他很生氣。be certain…;be sure
be uncertain about意思是“對……不確定（沒把握）”
uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是“確信的，有把握的”，常用于以下結構：(1)be certain(sure)to do sth.“肯定會做……”（表示某事將要發生）。如： He is certain(sure)to come next Sunday.(2)be certain(sure)of/ about sth.“確信、有把握”（表示某個人的思想狀態）。如： We are certain/ sure of victory.(3)名詞從句作主語時，一般多用certain.It is certain that he will come.be different from與……不同
Your idea is different from mine.你的想法和我的不同。對比：make sb./ sth.different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others.她特殊的口音使她與眾不同。be familiar with,be familiar to be familiar with的主語是有生命的事，意為“某人對人、事熟悉”；be familiar to 的主語是無生命的事物，意為“某人/事為某人所熟悉”，對比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英語名稱。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.蘇州和杭州為許
多外國人所熟悉。
I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我對歐洲歷史不太熟悉。
注意：be familiar with/to
還表示“精通、通曉”
如：French is as familiar to him as English.他對法語就象對英語一樣精通。[應用] 一句多譯①這些事實是每個學生都熟悉的。②她精通4種語言。
Key:①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.be filled with = be full of 充滿，裝滿如： The bottle is filled with water.瓶子里裝滿了水。
注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave.此處filled 表示“充滿了的”指處于一種狀態。比較：be crowded with 擠滿的，與be filled with 有所不同。如： The room is crowded with guests.房間里擠滿了客人。此外，fill作為動詞可用其主動形式，亦可構成另外短語。如： Fill the bottle with sand.把瓶子裝滿沙子。Fill in the blanks.填空。
be full of…→be filled with…充滿…
①The classroom was full of students.教室里擠滿了學生。②Her eyes were full of tears.她眼淚汪汪的。
be likely to 易于……；有可能的.后跟動詞不定式，往往用在一時的情形。
I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我會感冒的。
Is that magazine likely to interest you? 那本雜志對你有吸引力嗎？ be of…結構小結
(1)be of + 表示年齡（age）、大小（size）、顏色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、價格（price）、意見（opinion）、形狀（shape）、種類（kind）和方法（way）等名詞，說明主語的特征，of表示“具有”之意，有時可省去。例如：
They are both of middle height.他倆都是中等個兒。
When I was of your age, I was a teacher.當我是你這個年齡時，我當老師了。These flowers are of different colors.這些花朵顏色不同。
Tom is of a different way of thinking.湯姆的思維方式與別人不同。
注意：此結構中，如果of后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an，則a/an=the same.例如： The two boys are of an/the same age.這兩個男孩同齡。These bottles are of a/the same size.這些瓶子大小一樣。
(2)be of + 物質名詞，表示主語是由某材料制成或某成分構成，相當于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：
The necklace is(made)of glass.這項鏈是玻璃制的。The bridge is(built)of stone.這橋是由石頭構筑的。
Our class is(made up)of over 50 students.我班有50多個學生。
(3)be of + 抽象名詞（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示“具有、具備”等意思，of不能省，這一結構相當于be+該抽象名詞相應的形容詞。例如：
They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他們對英語學習者來說是很有幫助的。In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事實上體育運動是很有價值的。The book is of no use/useless to us.這書對我們無用。
It is of great importance/very important to study English.學習英語很重要。
因此，根據上述(1),(2)點可以看出，課文句中第一個be of 結構表示“具有”，第二個be of(承前省去be)表示“由……制成的”。全句漢語意思為：“硬幣的大小、重量、形狀可能各不相同，并由不同的金屬制成。”
be on on 表明所處的狀態，意為“為…工作，在……服務”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替換。I’m on the school team.我屬于校隊。
She is on Times newspaper.她在時代報社工作。[應用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?Which team______you_____? ②She is a member of the city team.She______ ______ the city team.Key: ①are,on ②is, on be out;put out be out 指“（燈、火）熄滅”，強調狀態。put out 意為“熄滅、撲滅”，強調動作。如： Is the fire out ? Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.be remembered as…作為……而被人們懷念
He will always be remembered as a national hero.be seated 意為“坐下”（=sit down）,是正式用語，而sit down是非正式用語。如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.be up to to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。這一短語有以下幾個常用意思：（1）從事于、忙于，有時含有“密謀干壞事”之意。如： What is he up to now?他現在在干什么？ He is up to no good.他沒干好事。（2）由……負責，常用It作主語。如：
It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.是去還是不去由你決定。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應盡力幫助他們。（3）勝任、適于。如：
He is not up to his work.他不勝任他的工作。（4）直到、以至。如： up to now 直到現在
Between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m.，the hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160km/h.從午夜時分到清晨6點之間，颶風橫掃英格蘭的東南角，風速高達每小時160公里。because;because of 二者均表示“因為”，區別是：
because是從屬連詞引導原因狀語從句；而because of是一個合成介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句組成介詞短語。如: I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因為下雨，而是因為我累了。Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話使她臉紅了。become experienced at對……有經驗 experienced adj.有經驗的，老練的 be experienced in He’s very experienced in money matters.experience n.經驗，體驗（in(of)/doing）
My father has ten year’s experience in teaching.beeline n.兩地之間的直線；捷徑（指蜜蜂采蜜后徑直飛向蜂房，這條路叫beeline）（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行
As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.會議一結束，他就直接上了酒吧。
If you want to catch up with them, you’d better make a beeline for them.如果你想趕上他們，你最好抄近路去。（2）in a beeline 成直線地，筆直地
The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.孩子們直接走向博物館。believe in（=trust/trust in）信賴；信任；信仰
Tom is honest.I believe in him.湯姆很誠實，我信賴他。
He doesn’t believe in anybody in the world.在這個世界上，他不相信任何人。
We believe in socialism.我們信仰社會主義。①We believe in Marxism.②You can believe in him.③We believe in our government.對比：believe sb.相信某人的話是真的。
I believe what he said this time though he often tells lies.盡管他經常撒謊，可這次我相信他的話是真的。belong to屬于
無被動結構，也不用進行時態。下列單詞和詞組也無被動形式：appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。
The house belongs to him.這所房子歸他所有。The book belongs to my deskmate.這本書是我同位的。besides 作為副詞，意思是“還有，而且”（moreover），常放在句首。如： I don ‘t want to go out for a walk.Besides, I’m feeling tired.beyond,prep.（場所）在（向）……的一邊，越過……，（程度）超出；（時間），超過（Δ常用于否定句）；除……之外，……
以外。
①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.blow ①用作動詞，表示“吹風，刮風”。如：
blow hard(strongly)風刮得很大；blow away the leaves吹走樹葉；blow down(over)trees 把樹刮倒；blow in much dust吹進灰塵；blow off one’s hat吹掉帽子；blow out the candle吹滅蠟燭；blow open(風吹)開；blow up爆炸
②用作名詞，表示“打擊，一擊”。如：be a great blow to sb.對某人是個巨大的打擊；give sb.a heavy blow on the head重重地打某人的頭。【應用】完成句子
①他妻子之死對他是一大打擊。His wife’s death was _______ _________ ________ ______him.②我那頂帽子被風吹掉了。I _______my hat __________ ___________.③風刮得厲害，門吹開了。The wind was ________ __________ and the door ________.④戰士們把敵人的大橋炸毀了。The soldiers __________ __________the enemy’s bridge.Key:①a ,great, blow, to
②had, blown, off③blowing, hard, blew, open
④blew, up block ①用作名詞，意為“塊；街區；阻塞。”如：
a block of ice/stone/wood 一大塊冰/石頭/木頭；two blocks兩個街區；a block in traffic/a traffic block交通堵塞。
②用作動詞，表示“阻塞，阻攔”。如：
be blocked by the heavy snow被大雪堵塞，block the entrance 堵塞入口；Block!(路標)此路不通！【應用】完成句子
①道路被人群擠得水泄不通。The road_______ _______with crowds of people.②那家旅館同這里隔著兩條街。The hotel is __________ _________ __________.③他們用石塊將洞口堵住。They ________(up)the entrance to the cave with big rocks.④有人在妨礙我們實施計劃。Someone is _________our plan.Key:①was, blocked
②two, blocks,away③blocked ④blocking 倍數的表示法
1）…times as…as“……是……的幾倍”；
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲的大小是歐洲的4倍。2）…times +形容詞/副詞比較級+that: The new building is four times higher than the old one.新樓比舊樓高4倍。3）…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月亮大小的49倍。The ball is twice the width of our classroom.舞廳是我們教室寬度的2倍。4）…times+what從句：
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.現在的生產是10年前的3倍。[應用]選擇正確答案
①After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced_____tractors in 1988 as the year before.(MET’90)
A．as twice many
B.as many twiceC.twice as many
D.twice many as ②The population of China is_____than that of America.A.larger five times B.five times larger C.five times as D.as five times Key:①C ②B begin(…)with…從……開始（…）
①Knowledge begins with practice.知識來自實踐。
②Let’s begin(this unit)with the words and expressions.咱們從單詞和短語開始學（這個單元）。
besides/except/but besides用作介詞時,表示“除……以外還有”之意，即所除去的東西要包括在內。用作副詞時，表示“此外，而且”
except表了“除……之外”所除去的東西不包括在內。but只能用在no,all,nobody,anything,anywhere等詞之后。
如：Besides knowing some Greek,she was fluent in Italian.她除了懂些希臘語之外，意大利語也說得很流利。
Do you play other games besides tennis?除網球之外，你還進行其他的運動嗎？
It wasn’t a good hotel;besides,it was very expensive.這不是一家好旅館，況且房價也很貴。Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.哈利森什么事情都考慮到了，惟獨沒有考慮到天氣。
Under the soil there is nothing except/but sand.土壤下面只有沙子。比較級 + and + 比較級
more and more countries 越來越多的國家；fewer and fewer students越來越少的學生；less and less time 越來越少的時間；more and more beautiful越來越漂亮；get thinner and thinner 變得越來越瘦；fly higher and higher 飛得越來越高；run more and more slowly跑得越來越慢，become stronger and stronger 越來越強大;[應用]漢譯英
①越來越多的人認識到學好一門外語的重要性。②飛機飛得越來越高直到看不見了。Key: ①More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreigh language well.②The plane flew higher and higher until it was out of sight.表示“大約”
about,around,some,or so均可來表示“大約”。前三個詞通常放在被修飾成分之前，而or so多置于其后。如：
about one hundred students大約100名學生； at around eight o’cloch在大約八點鐘； some twenty years ago 大約二十年前； [應用]一句多用：這件設備重10噸左右。
Key:This piece of equipment weighs some 10 tons.This piece of equipment weighs 10 tons or so.This piece of equipment weighs about(around)10 tons.表示“決心、決定做”的幾個用法 1)decide to do 決定做
We decided to put off the trip to the U.S.我們決定推遲美國之行。2)make a decision to do ：
He has made a decision to buy a new computer.他已決定買一臺新電腦。3)make up one’s mind to do
The doctor made up his mind to go abroad for further education.那位醫生決定出國深造。4)determine to do
We have determined to get the work done before National Day.我們已決定國慶節前完成這項工作。
5)be determined to do
He is determined to give up smoking.他決心戒煙。6)decide that……(從句中動詞用should + 動詞原形)
We decided that we should widen the road.我們決定拓寬這條路。[應用]一句多譯：這位年輕科學家決心繼續自己的研究。
Key: The young scientist was determined to go on with his research./He determined to go on with his research./He decided that he should go on with his research./He made up
his mind to go on with his research./He made a decision to go on with his research./He decided to go on with his research.表示“寧愿、想要某人做某事”
下列句型均可表示“寧愿、想讓某人作某事”：would like sb.to do sth.;would prefer sb.to do sth.;like sb.to do sth;want sb.to do sth.;would rather that sb.did sth.對比：would like/love to do sth.喜歡、寧愿做某事；prefer to do sth.寧愿做；would rather do sth.寧愿做；would like/love not to do sth.不想做；would rather not do sth.寧愿不做……；prefer not to do sth.不想做；would rather do sth.than do sth.寧愿做某事而不做某事；p11refer to do sth.rather than do sth.寧愿做某事而不做某事。[應用]①一句多譯
我想讓我兒子學醫。②選擇正確的答案
Little Jim should love_______to the theatre this evening.(MET’92)A.to be taken
B.to take C.being taken
D.taking Key: I would like my son to study medicine./I’d love my son to
study medicine,/ I would rather that my son studied medicine./ I like my son to study medicine./I want my son to study medicine./I would rather that my son studied medicine.②A 表示態度、語氣的短語歸納
generally speaking一般說來；strictly speaking嚴格說來；honestly speaking誠實地說來；
personally speaking就我個人而言；exactly speaking準確地說來。to tell you the truth說實話；to be honest老實說；believe it or not信不信由你；judging from his appearance從他的相貌來說 [應用]完成句子
①嚴格說來，加拿大英語和美國英語并不完全一樣。_____ ____,Canadian English is not just the same as
American English.②老實說我不贊同你的想法。_______ _______ ________,I can’t agree to your idea.③一般地說，青年人喜歡流行音樂。___________,young people enjoy pop music.Key:①Strictly,speaking②To,be,honest③Generally, speaking 表示“沒必要做某事”的4種句型 ①There be no need(for sb.)to do sth.②It be not necessary(for sb.)to do sth.③主語+don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t have to do sth.④主語+needn’t+動詞原形
[應用]一句多譯：我們沒有必要再等了。Key:There is no need for us to wait.It’s not necessary for us to wait.We don’t have to wait.We need not wait.表示“祝愿”的幾種句型
①名詞短語（+to you）:Happy birthday to you!祝你生日快樂。Best wishes for Teachers’Day.祝教師節愉快。②All the best.祝萬事如意。
All the best with your family.祝全家好。
All the best in your study/business.祝你學習/事業順利。③主語+wish+sb.+名詞/形容詞 I wish you happy.我祝你幸福。
We wish you greater progres.我們祝你取得更大進步。④I hope+that 從句：
I hope you’ll enjoy being with us.我們希望你和我們在一起很高興。⑤部分祈使句也可表祝愿：
Remember me to your family.代我向你全家問好。Send best wishes to him.向他問好。break 小結
break 一詞常用搭配有：
（1）break out(戰爭、火災、爭吵、瘟疫等)爆發 A big fire broke out in the city last week.(2)break away from 脫離
A carriage(車廂)broke away from the train.(3)break the law 違反法律
Who breaks the law will be punished by the law.(4)break in 破門而入；打斷
He broke in to say that he was not interested in what I was talking about.(5)break down 損壞；中斷
Her fridge has broken down for a long time.(6)break off 打斷；結束；暫停
They were arguing(爭論)but broke off when someone came into the room.(7)break into闖入；侵入
Thieves broke into my house when I was out.break off 該短語動詞的意思是“中斷說話”，“暫時停止”。如： He broke off in the middle of a sentence.break sth.off/break off sth.with sb.前者意為“（使）折斷”，后者意為“與某人突然斷絕（關系）”。如： The mast broke off /was broken off when the ship was moving.break out(戰爭、火災、疾病、瘟疫等的)爆發 ①The American Civil War broke out in 1861.②Fire broke out in the neighbour last night.break out in(into)…忽然（做出）…… break out in laughter突然放聲大笑 break in(強盜等)強行闖入
break into闖入；打碎（打破）成…… break up 分開，分割 bring短語歸納
bring down(風)刮倒，降低（降落）；bring up 養大，嘔吐；bring about帶來，引起；bring along捎來，帶來，bring back 歸還；bring out 拿出；bring in 賺（錢），帶進，傳入；bring on 端上（飯菜），引起（火災），使……成長； [應用]副詞填空
①He felt terribly ill and brought ______ what he ate.②Surely the new railway will bring __ many changes in this less developed area.③Next time you come to China, be sure to bring ______your friends.④All the library books must be brought_______ before June20.⑤Selling newspapers brings ______ enough money for my schooling.⑥Enough water can bring the rice _______.Key: ①up ②about ③along ④back ⑤in ⑥on bring/take/fetch(get)/carry ①bring向著說話人的地方“帶來；拿來”。②take由說話人的地方“帶走；拿去”。
③fetch(get)由說話人的地方“去拿來、帶來”，指往返雙程。④carry“攜帶；搬運；運送”，無方向性。bring in
把……拿進來；收獲；賺入……；獲利
They bring in one million dollars a year from their new company.broadcast vt.;vi.廣播;播放。過去式和過去分詞均為broadcast。①The BBC broadcasts every day.BBC每天都廣播。
②The news was broadcast on the radio.這個消息是收音機里播送的。burst into tears 該動賓短語，理解的重點是不及物動詞burst的意思及其分詞或副詞連用的結構形式和意思。burst是及物動詞或不及物動詞，意為“（使）爆破”，“脹破”。如： ①He put too much air into the balloon and it burst.②The funny joke made the children burst their sides with laughing.burst由原意引伸出表示空發性的動作，意為“突然發生”，“突然發作”。常構成一些短語，如： burst into tears/laughter(突然大哭/大笑)burst into song(突然唱起歌來)burst into angry speech（大發雷庭）burst into bloom(開花)burst into view/sight（景象，奇觀的）突然出現
burst into the room(闖入房間)burst out/forth laughing(捧腹大笑)burst out/forth crying（突然大哭）
如:On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.Busy be busy doing sth.該結構意為“忙于做某事”。應注意的是be busy 后只能接動詞-ing形式，不能接動詞不定式to do,相同結構的形容詞還有worth。如： ①He is busy writing his composition.②She keeps busy working on a new novel these weeks.③This book is well worth seeing.but prep.除…之外。與except同義，除了的部分與其他部分不在一個范圍內，不具有一致性。except適用場合較多，but 主要用于帶有nothing/nobody/no one/all 等不定代詞的句子。①No one except/but you was late.除你之外沒有遲到。（你遲到了）
②We all went to see a film yesterday evening except/but you.除你之外作天晚上我們都去看電影了。（你沒去）
③That window is open except in winter.除冬天外那窗戶一直開著。（冬天不開）另外，but后可接不不定式。如果句子前面有實義動詞do及其變化形式時，不定式不帶to;否則不定式帶to.①I did nothing yesterday evening but watch TV.昨天晚上除看電視外我什么也沒干。②He had no choice but to leave.他只得離開。
注意：besides 也是介詞，意為“除……之外（還有）”。除了的部分和其他部分在同一個范圍內，具有一致性。
①We all went to see a film yesterday evening besides you.除你之外昨天晚上我們也都去看電影了。（你和我們都去了）
②Who is going there with Tom besides you? 除你之外還有誰和湯姆一起去？ but for 該短語介詞意為“要不是……”，后接名詞（=without + n.）,but for…短語相當于一個虛擬條件句，因此，句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。如：
The boy would have drowned but for your help.如果接的是句子，but for要換用成but that…如： He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.(= if it had not been the fact that he was…)Buy “我的金項鏈花了2500元”有多種譯法：
by prep.乘……。用來表示方式，其后的名詞為單數，且不加冠詞。
例如 by bike/bus/ car /taxi/train//road/railway/land/boat/ship/ water/ sea/ plane/air 但：“步行”用on foot.注意：若表示交通工具的名詞前有限定詞，則將by 改作in 或on.in one’s/the car/ bus/plane etc.on the bike by name
該介賓詞組的意思是“名叫……”；“憑名字”。如： ①He met a man, John by name.②I knew him only by name.by one’s first marriage 通過或由于某人的第一次婚姻 介詞by有許多含義，在此處意為“通過”，相當于through。
He left by the first train.他乘第一次列車離開了。
The electricity supply is operated by a switch.供電由一個開關控制。
by the age of/at the age of,by到……時為止。表示的是一段時間，句子通常用完成時態。at在……時候。表示的是具體時間點，句子通常用一般時態。
①By the age of ten,he had learned to play the piano.10歲的時候，他就學會了彈鋼琴。②He was very clever.and at the age of 15 he went to college.他非常聰明，15歲時上大學了。③By the end of this term,we’ll have learned 2000 English words.到本學期末，我們將學會2000個英語單詞。
④At the end of this term,we’ll hold an English party.在本學期末，我們 將舉行一次英語晚會.call 短語
動詞.call所構成的短語很多，現將在中學課上的常出現的由call所構成短語的意義和用法列出。(1)call at 指短期訪問某地：順便去某處。
We called at the park when we stayed in the city.我們在那個城市時順便去了那個公園。(2)call on的意思“正式拜訪某人”；此外，它還有“號召”之意。如： They called on the famous scientist.他們拜訪了那個著名科學家。
The Party calls on us to learn from Comrade Lei Feng.黨號召我們向雷鋒同志學習。(3)call to“大聲呼喚、招呼、呼求”。如：
They called to us for help.他們向我們呼求援助。
(4)call for可作“要求、需要、提倡”，還可作“邀約”解。如：
This is a problem that calls for immediate solution.這是個要求立即解決的問題。I’ll call for you then and we go there together.到時我來叫你，我們一起去哪兒。(5)call in有“召來、召請、召進”之意。
You’d better call in a doctor.你最好請一位醫生來。
(6)此外，call back有“叫回來、收回”之意；call off有“叫出去、叫走”之意；call after可作“追在后面叫喊”和“以某人的名字命名”之意。can/may/must表推測的用法
can, may, must等都可用于表推測，但它們的含義和用法不同。
must語氣最肯定，指“一定、必定”，只用于肯定句中。“must+動詞原形”表示對現在情況的推測；“must + have + done ”表示對過去情況的推測。如： Mum must be cooking supper now.媽媽現在一定在做晚飯。He must have finished his work.他一定完成他的工作了。May/might表示“或許，可能”。如：
Tom may go abroad next year.湯姆明年可能要出國。She might have finished the work.她可能已完成這項工作了。He can’t know the answer.他不可能知道這個答案。can/could表示“可能，會”，我用于否定和疑問句中。如： Could she he at home?她可能在家嗎？ can,表示一時的情況，意為“有時侯會……”。can的這種用法，只用在肯定句中。如： Children are lovely, but they can be tiring.Training by yourself in a game can be highly dangerous.carry短語歸納
carry away拿走，帶走；carry on(with)one’s work繼續工作；carry on a struggle/fight 開展斗爭；carry on a big business經營大生意；carry out a plan/order/promise/instructions/one’s duty/an experiment/advices/tests執行計劃/執行命令/履行諾言/執行指示/履行職責/做實驗/按建議辦/進行試驗；be carried up into space被發射升空。[應用]介、副詞填空
①It’s often easier to make plans than it is to carry them______.②Let’s stop here.We’ll carry________ the conversation tomorrow.③Carry the baby _______.It’s dangerous here.④Rising costs made it hard to carry ________ the business.⑤They decided to carry ________ though the weather was bad.Key:①out ②on ③away ④on ⑤on carry out 搬出；進行，實行，執行 ①Would you please carry the chairs out? The plan should be carried out at once.It was important to carry out the work quickly.趕快進行這些工作是重要的。
He did not carry out his promise to us.對我們他沒有實現他的諾言。用out構成的短語：look out向外看，小心work out算出來，實行。
leave out遺漏，忽視
take/bring out拿出來 thinking out想出
hold out伸出，支持，抵抗到底 case用法小結(1)名詞case的詞意 ①意為“情形、情況”。
If that’s the case, you’ll have to work much harder.如果是那種情形的話，你將不得不更加努力
地工作。
②意為“病例、案例”。
There were seven cases of cholera.有7起霍亂的病例。
The civil case will be heard in court next week.這一案件將于下星期審理。③意為“箱、盒、容器”。
John bought a case of beer.約翰買了一箱啤酒。(2)由case構成的短語
①in case意為“因為可能發生某事、以防萬一”，是介詞短語，在句中作狀語，常可置于句尾；也可用做連詞，后跟that從句(that常省略)，表示條件或目的，從句謂語習慣用should+動詞原形(should常省略)或陳述語氣。
It may rain—you’d better take an umbrella(just)in case(it does).可能下雨——你最好帶把雨傘，以防萬一。
In case(=If)he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.如果他在我回來之前到，請讓他等一下。
He doesn’t dare to leave the house in case(that)he should be recognized.他不敢出門，生怕被認出來。
②in that case意為“既然那樣、假若是那樣的話”，用來承接上文。
In that case, you wouldn’t have a pan on fire.You’d have a house on fire！要是那樣，你就不光使鍋著火，你還會把房子燒起來。
You don’t like the job? In that case why don’t you leave?你不喜歡這份工作？那你怎么不辭掉呢？ He may be late.In that case we ought to wait for him.他可能遲到，因此我們應該等他。③in any case意為“無論如何、總之”。
We have to help him to pay the debt in case.我們無論如何要幫他還債。
④in no case意為“在任何情形下決不、無論如何都不”，用于句首時句子要進行部分倒裝。
In no case shall I forget the expression on her face.我決不會忘記她臉上的表情。
⑤in case of sth.意為“若發生某事、如果、假如”，是短語介詞，后接名詞、代詞、-ing形式作賓語。In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.遇火警時立即按警鈴。
In case of rain（=In case it rains）,they can’t go.要是下雨，他們就走不了了。
In case of his being absent, we’ll put off the meeting till next week.如果他缺席，我們就會把會議推遲到下周。
⑥in the case of意為“至于、就……來說”，是短語介詞。
In the case of your debt, I’ll pay it off for you.至于你的欠款，我會替你還清的。catch fire;on fire catch fire 意為“著火”，表示動作。on fire 意為“著火、在燃燒”，表示狀態。如： Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire.Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.cause n.（大家為之奮斗的）事業
Helping the poor is a worthy cause.幫助窮人是一項有價值的事業。
World peace is the cause he works for.世界和平是他為之奮斗的事業。
cause v.導致，引起
1）接名詞：cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage引起事故/惹麻煩/導致死亡/引起大火/導致重病/造成損害
2）接雙賓語：cause sb.pain/trouble/damage給某人帶來痛苦/麻煩/損害 3）接復合賓語：cuase sb.to do sth使某人做某事
The sound caused me to jump back.那聲音嚇得我向后退。
第二篇：高考英語知識點總結
高三學生很快就會面臨繼續學業或事業的選擇。面對重要的人生選擇，是否考慮清楚了?這對于沒有社會經驗的學生來說，無疑是個困難的想選擇。那么接下來給大家分享一些關于高考英語知識點總結，希望對大家有所幫助。
高考英語知識點1
虛擬語氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句
1.wish后的賓語從句。
與現在愿望不一致，用主語十過去時，例如：
I wi。hIwere you.與過去愿望不一致，用主語+had+過去分詞，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was inthe States與將來愿望不一致，用主語+would(could)+原形。
2.It's time句型：當lt's tine后用that從句時應該為主i吾+should+動詞原形或主語十過去時，例如：It，s timethatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL
3-If only引起的感嘆句相當于“How I wish+賓語從句”。
(l)If only he could come.他要能來就好了。
(2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。
4.WOuld rather，asif(though)引導的從句也需使用虛擬語氣，表示過去的情況用過去完成時，表示現在與將來的情況用過去時，例如：
(l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.(2)She loves the children as if they were hers.5.含蓄虛擬條件句含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉化為if引導的條件句。常用來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：
(1)介詞或介詞短語。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorablecondition等。
(2)連詞。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fearthat(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
注意：lest, for fear that和incase引起的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形，但也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳述語氣形式。例如：The foreign teacherspokeslowly in case we misunderstood him這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們誤解。
(3)通過上下文及內在含義，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉折詞。
without, but.but for, otherwise引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。例如：
①Without you,1 would never know him
②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it
③But that she was afraid, she would have said no..④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!
高考英語知識點2
1.prefer
prefer doing to talking 喜歡做而不喜歡說
Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 這兩套衣服你喜歡哪一套?
I prerer to go to America for my fruther study.我更愿意選擇去美國進修學習。
Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting.安妮更愿意我代替她去參加會議。
2.advantages and disadvantages 優劣
3.How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他們是如何利用它的4.flow through 流過，流經
5.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed abouttaking a great bike trip.從高中起，我姐姐王維和我就一直夢想做一次偉大的自行車旅行。
連詞since 引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，介詞since 與表示過去某一點時間的詞語連用，副詞since 后不用從句或詞語。
It is/has been+一段時間+since+一般過去時(從句中的動作不能延續)自從……至今已經多久了。
since then 自從那時至今 ever since 從那以后一直
6.persuade sb to do sth
= persuade sb into doing sth 說服某人做某事
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not wantto.即使她不想去上學，他還是說服她去。
7.After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a biketrip.大學畢業以后，我們終于有了機會騎自行車旅行。
8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire MekongRiver from where it begins to where it ends.首先想到沿湄公河從源頭到終點騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。
強調句型It is/was…that/who 的用法歸納如下：
強調句型可以強調除謂語動詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來說，如果被強調部分是人時，用連詞that或who;如果被強調部分是物，只能用連詞that。強調句型應避免使用when, where, which 等連詞。
含一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的強調句句型:
① 含一般疑問句的強調句型，其結構為：Is it+被強調部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?
② 特殊疑問句的強調句型結構形式為：特殊疑問詞+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分?
9.schedual for the trip 旅行計劃
10.be fond of 喜歡，喜愛
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insistedthat she organize the trip properly.盡管她對去某些地方的路線并不清楚，她堅持要自己把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。(注意1：Although conj.“盡管，雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。
拓展：
① although 從句多在句首，though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though可以作副詞用于句末，作“但是，不過”講，而although 無此用法。
② although 用來陳述事實而不用于假設，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，eventhough(即使，盡管)中不能用although。
③ though 引導的讓步狀語從句可以倒裝(將表語、狀語、情態動詞后的動詞原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although不可以。注意2：insist 在這里的意思是“堅持要求”后面的that從句用虛擬語氣;如果insist意為“強調，堅持認為”的時候，從句可以用任何所需要的時態。
例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她強調她沒撒謊。
另外，還可以用insist on doing sth/ sth.一定要、堅持主張，如：She insists on getting up early and playing her radioloudly她老是一大早起來把收音機音量開大。)
11.care about details 考慮細節
The only thing he cares about is money.他在乎的就是金錢。
care for 喜歡，照料，照顧 I don’t really care for red wine.我其實并不喜歡紅葡萄酒。
Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，誰來照顧你的孩子?
12.give me a determined look給了我一個堅定的眼神
13.change one’s mind 改變主意
14.…she seemed to be excited about it.似乎顯得興奮
15.an interesting experience一次有趣的經歷
16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had togive in.她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。
Once 可作為從屬連詞，作“一(旦)……就……”解，連接一個表示時間的狀語從句。從句中常用一般現在時，現在完成時表將來。
如：Once you have begin you must continue.Once printed，the book will be very popular。
17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling acrosswestern Yunnan Province.它穿過深谷時就變成了急流，流經云南西部。
18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains whererice grows.河水蜿蜒緩慢地穿過低谷，流向生長稻谷的平原。
19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to doanything.他太固執，沒有一人能勸動他做事。
20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hardit is.不論工作多難，一個堅決的人總是努力地去完成它。
高考英語知識點3
分詞的概念
分詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，可以作定語、表語或是狀語等。分詞有兩種，一種是現在分詞，一種是過去分詞。這兩種分詞在句子中能擔任的成分大體相同，主要是在“意思”上有主動和被動之分。過去分詞一般有被動和完成兩大特征。
過去分詞的定語和表語功能定語表“完成”或“被動”
boiled water開水 fallen leaves落葉
the risen sun升起的太陽 selected apples 精選蘋果
spoken English英語口語 iced beer冰鎮啤酒
cooked food熟食 fried chips炸土豆條
單個的過去分詞作定語時，一般放在被修飾詞語之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修飾詞語的后面。Hurry up，there is only a littletime left.快點，時間不多了。
If you wish everything changed，please say so.你如果希望改變一切，請說明。
過去分詞短語作定語時，須將分詞放在被修飾的詞語之后，功能相當于一個定語從句。Near the window，there is a bookshelffilled
with many books(=which is filled with many books).靠近窗戶，有一個裝滿書的書架。
Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought
up by me)has begun to work now.由我帶大的她的女兒現在已經參加工作了。當“人”作主語時用過去分詞作表語，表示主語的狀態或思想感情等。When we heard of it，wewere deeply moved.當我們聽到這件事時，被深深地感動了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.聽到這個想法，他似乎很高興。
過去分詞作表語不要與被動語態混為一體。分詞作表語表示主語的狀態，而被動語態則表示被動的動作。My glasses arebroken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態)
My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。(動作)
On the earth，70% of the surface is covered withwater.地球表面70%是被水覆蓋的。(狀態)
I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.敲門聲使我大為吃驚。(動作)
高考英語知識點4
under age 未成年，未達到規定年齡
He was rejected by the army because he was under age.他因尚未成年而被拒絕參軍。
You shouldn’t sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age.你不應該把香煙賣給沒未成年的青少年。
under arrest 被捕
You are under arrest in the name of the law.你被依法逮捕了。
He was soon put [placed] under arrest.他不久就被逮捕了。
under attack遭受攻擊
The company has come under fierce attack for its decision to close thefactory.因為決定要關閉工廠，公司受到猛烈攻擊。
under consideration 在考慮中;在研究中
The question is now under consideration.這個問題正在考慮中。
The plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education.教育部正在研究這個方案。
under construction 在建造中
The new railway is under construction.新鐵路正在修建當中。
The bridge is under construction.這座橋正在建造中。
There are two new hotels near here under construction.附近正在興建兩家新的旅館。
under control 在控制中
They soon got the fire under control.他們很快把火勢控制住。
It took the teacher months to bring his class under control.這個老師花了幾個月的時間才管住了他的班級。
under copyright 享有版權
The poem is still under copyright, so you have to pay to quote it.該詩仍然享有版權，因此你必須支付引用費。
under cover 在隱蔽處;秘密地;在信封或郵包中
Plans for the attack were made under cover.進攻計劃是秘密制定的。
The check came under cover in yesterday’s mail.支票是裝在信封里和昨天的信一道寄來的。
under discussion 在討論中;在審議中
That has no relation to the matter under discussion.那與正在討論的事無關。
That’s another topic that will come under discussion.那是另一個要討論的問題。
under examination 在檢查中;在審查中
The prisoner was still under examination.囚犯仍受審。
The proposals are still under examination.提案仍在審查中。
under fire 在炮火中;被攻擊中
We were under fire from all sides.我們遭到了來自四面八方的射擊。
The headmaster was under fire for not sending the boys home who stole thecar.校長由于沒有開除那幾個偷汽車的學生，受到責難。
under guarantee 在保修期內
It’s still under guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it.保證書還有效，所以廠家會給修理的。
The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repairedfree of charge.汽車還在保修期內，所以你應該可以免費修理。
under oath 在法庭上宣過誓要說實話
The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath.那法官提醒證人他已宣誓不作偽證。
under obligation 有義務;一定要
The one who did the damage in under obligation to pay for it.造成損失的人有義務賠償。
【注】在現代英語中通常用under an [no] obligation的形式：
You’re under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order.沒有訂購的貨物就無須付款。
She’s under an obligation to him because he lent her money.因為他把錢錯給她了，所以她有償還他的義務。
高考英語知識點5
1.定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。
2.構成：關聯詞+簡單句
3.引導主語從句的關聯詞有三類：
(1)從屬連詞that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facialresemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。
(2)從屬連詞whether。如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否會來這里還不清楚。
(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：
What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發生的，誰也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰來都歡迎。
Wherever you are is my home----my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我的家。
解釋：
1.主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：
A.It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny,possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
B.It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise,etc.)+that從句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遺憾我們不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。
C.It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced,arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據說格林先生已經到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite intoorbit.據報道中國又成功地發射了一顆人造地球衛星。
D.It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不來參加晚會。
It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否來這無關緊要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們在哪里開會毫無區別。
F.當that引導的主語從句出現在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?下周那位科學家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?
G.當主語從句出現在感嘆句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!
2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導主語從句的含義
Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)來的人將受到歡迎。
Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正確的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of youwho)你們當中不論哪個進來將會得到獎
第三篇：高考英語知識點總結(超全版)[定稿]
高考英語復習知識點概要
1.a great/good many: a large number of許多。修飾可數名詞復數。
I’m quite busy.I have a great many things to do.我很忙，我有很多事要做。
若復數名詞前有限定詞或其修飾的為代詞時，應加of.①A great many of the books have been sold out.已經賣了很多書了。
②A great many of them are out of work.他們很多人失業了。
2.able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)①He is an able man.那人本事不小。enable(v)使……能
②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我們要多學知識以便能面對各種困難。disable:有殘疾的，不能干的；the disabled表示一類人（殘疾人）able作詞輟時
①可以……的，值得……的（有被動含義）
eatable可食用的，measurable可以測量、估計的；readable可讀的 ②其他含義：conformable舒適的、安逸的；suitable 合適的，恰當的
3.above, over, on 三個詞都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。On表示與某物體表面接觸；over表示在某物體垂直的上方，含“布滿、覆蓋、跨越”之意，與under 相對；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，與below相對。注意：與數字、數量、長度詞連用時，多用over,同more than。如：over10,000people一萬多人；表示年齡、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十開外的人；above zero零度以上。習慣用語：well above average遠在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一個；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那邊；all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over再三地
[應用]介詞填空
①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it.②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him.③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city.④The moon was______the trees in the east.Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above above all 首先，特別是，最重要的是 after all 到底，畢竟
at all(用來加強語氣)與not連用，表示“一點也不，完全不”。in all 總共
all but 幾乎，差點沒（=almost,nearly）①We have all but finished the work.②The day turned out fine after all.③Children need many things ,but above all they need love.④He wasn’t at all tired.⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的，確實)？ ⑥There were twenty in all at the party.accident/event/ incident event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然發生的事故，特別是不幸的、有損害性的事故。incident相對于accident來說，顯得不很重要，指“小事件”，它還可以用來表示“事變”，如叛亂、爆炸等。如：
The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.廣播員正在播報時事新聞。
He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中，他嚴重受傷。
There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那輛公共汽車上發生了一件事，有個人和售票員打了起來。
Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你聽說過“西安事變”嗎？
admit vt.①接納，許可……進入（allow sb./sth.to enter）
He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.②承認，后可接名詞，doing、從句或復合結構。I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task to be difficult.高考英語復習知識點概要
advice建議；勸告。是不可數名詞，“一條建議”應用a piece of advice。常用結構。
give sb.advice(on)/give advice給某人提（關于……的）建議；忠告某人。
ask(sb.)for advice征求（某人的）意見。
①Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.關于如何學好外語，馬克思給我們提了些好建議。②If you take /follow my advice, you’ll pass the exam.如果你聽從我的建議，你會考試及格的。③Let’s ask our teacher for some advice.咱們征求一下老師的意見吧。
admire（= respect / praise）vt.羨慕，欽佩，夸獎
admire sb.（for sth.）佩服某人某事
Visitors to Beijing greatly admire our Palace Museum.去北京的游人極其羨慕我們的故宮。
I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧。別忘了夸獎孩子。
對比：envy（= jealous）vt.嫉妨，羨慕
envy sb.（sth.）嫉妒/羨慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.我們都很羨慕你的好運。advise sb.to do sth.建議某人做某事（suggest不這樣用）。
①I advise you to take the chance.我建議你抓住機會。
②—What do you advise me to do?你建議我怎么辦？
—I advise you not to lose heart;just keep on.我勸你不要灰心，繼續干。
advise 還可同suggest一樣，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞（短語）和that從句（用虛擬語氣）作賓語。①—What would you advise?你有什么建議嗎？—I advise you an early start我建議你早點出發。
②I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建議召開一次會議來討論這個問題。
③I advise you(should)go to once.我建議你馬上去。
advise，persuade
persuade sb.to do sth.意為“說服某人做某事”，強調勸說成功，說服；advise sb.to do sth.意為“勸說某人做某事”，不涉及勸說是否有效，相當于try to persuade sb.to do sth.。如：
The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.醫生說服我爸爸戒了煙。
The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.醫生勸我爸爸戒煙，但沒成功。advise;suggest advise 與suggest 都可作“建議”講，二者用法有同有異。
(1)相同點 表示建議做某事，advise與suggest都可采用下列三種句型: ① + 名詞 ② + 動名詞
③ + that從句（從句中常用should加動詞原形，should可以省略。）
eg.He advised/ suggested an early start.He advised/ suggested(our)starting early.He advised/ suggested that we(should)start early.(注：只要是用從句表示建議該做的事，從句中就可用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。)上面的第三句可轉化為：
It was suggested that we(should)start early.What he suggested was that we(should)start early.His suggestion was that we(should)start early.(2)不同點
①advise后可以跟人稱代詞作賓語，而suggest后不可以跟人稱代詞作賓語。故可以說：
advise sb.to do sth.;advise sb.against(doing)sth.;advise sb.on/ about sth.;suggest(to sb.)that...前三種結構中不可將advise改為suggest，如： 他建議我們去參觀博物館。
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.[誤]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.[誤]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.②suggest還有“暗示、表明、說、指出（一個事實）”的意思。此時從句中用陳述語氣，不用虛擬語氣。如：
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陳述了一個事實，故用陳述語氣。)比較：
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建議該做某事，從句中用should加動詞原形，should在從句中省略。)
affect（=have an effect on sth.）vt.影響（effect n.影響）
This may affect your health.這或許會影響你的健康。
My throat is always affected by bad weather.我的嗓子總是受惡劣天氣的影響。afraid
1)“be afraid of+名詞”，意為“害怕”。2）“be afraid of doing sth”意為“擔心，害怕……”。
高考英語復習知識點概要
3）“be afraid for…”意為“為……擔心。” 4）“be afraid that…”意為“擔心，恐怕”。5）“be afraid to do ”意為“害怕，擔心而不敢做某事”。
6）I’m afraid so/not.恐怕是這樣/恐怕不會這樣 [應用]完成句子
①女孩子一般都怕蛇。Girls are usually______ _____snakes.②他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.③你不為自己的安全擔心嗎？Are you afraid_______your safety? ④恐怕她會迷路。I am _____ _____she will lose her way.⑤湯姆把錢丟了，也不敢告訴他母親。Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.Key:①afraid,of ②of,breaking ③for ④afraid,that ⑤to tell again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地
The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.這位老人再三地想起他幸福的過去。age
(1)n.年齡，時代，時期
The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old.那位老人80歲時去世了。
He is young for his age.就他的年齡而論，他是年輕的。
What is the age of the church? 這座教堂多少年了？
He was the greatest poet of the age.他是那個時代最偉大的詩人。
(2)vi./vt.變老
He is aging fast.Worry ages a man.他老得很快。憂慮令人老！
I found him greatly aged.我發現他老多了。
拓展：（1）adj.aged……歲的，年老的
a boy aged ten 一個10歲的男孩
an aged man老人
(2)人生的七期
baby→infant→child→youth→manhood→middle age→old age 嬰兒/0→幼兒7→兒童12→青年28→壯年40→中年65→老年
agree 同意。常用桔構：
(1)agree on 對……取得一致意見或達成協議,一般表示原雙方共同商討以后達成協議的名詞)。主語必須是兩者以上。也常用被動語態，表示“（某事）是大家都同意的”。
如：
①They agreed on the date for the next meeting.對下次會議的日期他們達成了一致意見。②At last,the plan was agreed on.最后，這項計劃通過了。
③I don’t agree with you to this arrangement, but perhaps, after a discussion we will agree on this project.我不贊同你在這件事的安排，但或許在協商之后我們可以就這個工程達成共識。
(2)agree to 同意；贊成。to 為介詞，后接表示“建議；辦法；計劃”等名詞。
①Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的計劃嗎？ ②The headmaster has agreed to our suggestion for the holiday.校長同意了我們度假的建議。
(3)agree with同意；贊成。后接sb.或what 從句。I agree with you ,but I don’t agree with what he said.我同意你的意見，但我不同意他所說的。另外，agree with還有“與……相適應/相一致”的意思。The climate here doesn’t agree with me.我不適應這里的氣候。
(4)agree to do sth.同意、答應做某事。
Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money?如果我們答應借錢給你，你同意和我們一起去嗎？ ahead短語歸納
go ahead朝前走，請便（同意對方繼續干或同意對方的請求）；go ahead(on)with… 繼續；ahead of在……前面，早于，優先；ahead of time提前 [應用]完成句子
①他朝前走去看看發生了什么事情。He ________ ________ to see what had happened.②我可以坐這個座位嗎？請坐吧。May I take this seat?________ _______.③湯姆的數學比瑪麗好。Tom is ________ _______ Mary in maths.④她比我早到2個小時。She arrived two hours _______ _______me.⑤他們已提前三周完成了設計。They have completed the design _______ ______ _______ _______time.Key:①went,ahead ②Go,ahead③/ ④ahead,of⑤three,weeks,ahead,of
alive,living,live,lively,lovely區別 1)lovely意“可愛的”，“美好的”如：a lovely day 美好的一天
a lovely girl 可愛的女孩
2)alive 意為“活著的、有活力的”,是表語形容詞，可修飾人、物；
高考英語復習知識點概要
在句中做表語賓補和或后置定詞，不能用作前置定語。如
He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往醫院時還活著。
Although he is old, he is still very much alive.雖然年老了，但他仍十分活躍。
The fish is still alive/living.那條魚還活著。Keep him alive, please.請讓他活下去吧。
He is the only man alive in the accident.他是事故中惟一活著的人。
After the war , he remained alive.戰后他還活著。Those alive will gather here.活著的人將在此相聚。3)living 意為“活著的、有生命的”，主要用于作前置定語及冠詞the 之后表示一類人，也可用作表語，可修飾人或物。如： a living plant
活的植物
The living will go on with the work of the dead.活著的人將繼續死者的工作。
all living things所有生物 the living 在世者，活著的人們
Latin is not a living language.拉丁語不是現代使用的語言。
He is still living at the age of 95.95歲了他還活著。4)live [laiv]（1）（動、植物）“活的”，“有生命的”，“活生生的，主要用來說鳥或其它動物，作前置定語；如：a live fish一條活魚 a live tiger 一只活老虎
(2)實況的，現場直播的；如：a live report現場報道a live show/broadcast/TV program現場轉播的表演/實況廣播/現場直播的電視節目
living有精神的，活潑的，快活的，輕快的
Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.她爺爺已經93歲了，仍然健在。5)lively 意為“活潑的”，“有生氣的”, 生動的 “生動的”，可用作表語、定語，指人或物。如： a lively child 活潑的孩子
a lively description 生動的描述如：
a lively mind 活躍的頭腦
a lively discussion 熱烈的討論
a way of making one’s classes lively
使課堂生動的方法
He told a lively story about his life in Africa.他講述了一個有關他的非洲生活的一個生動故事。
Young children are usually lively.年輕人通常很活潑。
all the same adj.都一樣；無所謂（to+n.）
①You can stay or leave now;It’s all the same to me.②It’s all the same to me whether we’ll go there today or tomorrow.adv.仍然，還是
Thank you all the same.all the year round 全年，一年到頭
In the west coast of Canada,it rains all the year round.allow與permit 1)用法相同
allow / permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事
allow / permit doing sth.允許做某事。此時動詞只用ing 形式。
反義詞forbid 具有同樣用法。2)意義有異同
許多情況下可換用，只是詞意的強弱上有差異。allow語意較弱，含有“聽任”，“默許”，“不加阻止”的意思；permit 語意較強，強調“正式認可”，“批準”的意思。如：
The nurse allowed him to remain there ,though it was not permitted.護士讓他留在那里，雖然這時（規定）不允許的。amaze vt.使……驚奇 = astonish, surprise
The news amazed us greatly.這條消息使我們感到很驚奇。
拓展：（1）amazed人對……感到吃驚的；amazing（某物）……信人吃驚的。
They were all amazed at the amazing news.聽到這個令人吃驚的消息他們感到驚訝。
(2)amazement n.to one’s amazement令人吃驚的是
To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna.讓我奇怪的是，他們去西雙版納了。
類似短語：to one’s happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement
使某人高興的/興奮的/傷心的/迷惑的是
and so on : etc 等等。用來表示列舉，但又不一一列出。
He knows five foreign languages, English, French, Japanese and so on.他懂5種外語，如英語、法語、日語等等。
announce, explain, introduce, declare后面不接雙賓語，若以人作賓語常置于to后。如：
The president announced to the workers the sad news.The president announced the sad news to the workers.總裁向工人宣布了那不幸的消息。
He introduced the new comer to everyone here.他把新來的那個人介紹給這里的每個人。
高考英語復習知識點概要
report to sb.向某人匯報：report sth/sb.to sb.向某人匯報/告訴。[應用]單句改錯
①The teacher explained his students how to use the computer.②No one declared us we could not smoke here.Key:①explain后加to
②declare后加to
another day/the other day/some day/one day another day 可表示近期將來的某一天，意為“改天”，也可表示過去將來某一動作或狀態延續的“又一天”。如: She is coming another day instead of today.她今天不來，改天來。
You may do it another day.你可以改天做這件事。
He stayed there(for)another day/another two days after I lift.我離開后他在那又待了一天/兩天。
the other day 相當于a few days ago,意為“幾天前、某天、那天、不久前”，句中用一般過去時。如： I met her in the street the other day.幾天前我在街上碰見過她。
I bought the watch the other day.這手表我是幾天前買的。
some day指將來“總有一天、有朝一日、終將、（日后）某一天”，謂語動詞用一般將來時.如: Your wishes will come true some day.總有一天你的愿望會實現的。
Some day you’ll have to pay for what you have done.總有一天你要為你的行為而付出代價的。one day可以表示“（過去）某一天”，謂語動詞常用一般過去式；也可表示“（將來）某一天”，這時可與some day互相代替，謂語常用一般將來時。如：
One day I went to see my first teacher ,but he happened to be out.有一天，我去看我的啟蒙老師，可碰巧他出去了。
He will understand the teacher one day/some day.將來有一天，他會理解老師的。anxious, eager 兩個詞均有“渴望，急于”之意。anxious 著重指焦急、著急或擔心；而eager著重指對成功的期望或進取的熱情。兩者都多用作表語，其主語通常是人，不能以無生命的事物作主語。對比： He is eager to join the army.他渴望參軍。
He is anxious to know whether he has been chosen.他急于知道是否被選上了。常用搭配：
①be anxious to do sth.渴望急切地做某事；be anxious for渴望（了解、得到）；
be anxious about擔心，對……感到不安 ②be eager to do sth.急切地想做某事； be eager for(about, after)渴望，渴求，be eager for your help渴望得到你的幫助； be eager about peace渴望和平
①學生們都急切地想知道考試結果。
The students ________ ________ ________ ________ the results ofthe examination.②那個小男孩渴望得到一臺新錄音機。The little boy was ________ ________a new recorder.③我很擔心我兒子的健康。I’m ________ ________my son’s health.④他殷切希望女兒的成功。He is __________ _________ his daughter’s success.Key:①are, anxious(eager),to ,know②anxious(eager)，for③anxious, about④eager, for(about, after)
apologize for doing sth.apologize是不及物動詞，意為“道歉”，其表達式為“apologize to sb.for sth.”。如：
You must apologize to your sister for being so rude.它的名詞形式是apology, 復數形式是apologizes.make one’s apologies to sb.for sth.= make an apology to sb.for sth.如：
He make his apologies to me for coming late.appear
As a result, it appered to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此，地球上的科學家看來，恒星好像是移動了。
句型：It appears/seems(to sb.)+that—clause.看來/似乎是……
①It appears to me that something is wrong.我看好像有點不大對頭。
②It appears that he will the prize.看來他會得笑。appear;seem;look
appear, seem, look都有“看起來似……”之意，但其暗含意思和用法又各有不同。從意義上講：
(1)appear強調外表給人的印象，有時含實質上并非如此的意思，如：
He appears to know more than he really does。他看起來好像懂得很多。（其實懂得沒有那么多）
(2)seem暗示有一定根據的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實，如：
His health seems to be better.他的健康狀況似乎有
高考英語復習知識點概要
所好轉。
(3)look著重由視覺得出的印象，如：
He doesn’t look his age.他看起來比實際年齡年輕（或老成）。從用法上講：
seem和appear后可加
(to + be)+表語(adj.或n.或prep.)+to v.It + ~ +(that)從句如：
He seems/appears（to be）very sad today.=It seems that he is very sad today.It seems like years since I saw you last time.He seems a kind doctor.（=It seems that he is a kind doctor.）
He seems/appears to have caught a cold.=It seems/appears that he has caught a cold.look當“看起來似乎…和as if從句。如： He looks strong.She looks like her mother.It looks as if we are going to miss the train.…”講時，可接形容詞、過去分詞、名詞、介詞短語 area;district（1）area表示“地區、區域”，是普通用詞，暗示一個較大的，可能是沒有清楚界限的地區，不能用來指行政上的地理單位。如：
The old man lives in a mountain area.這位老人生活在山東。
This is a less developed area.這是個欠發達地區。Most of the large land areas are connected.多數大塊陸地是相連的。
（2）district表示“區、地區、區域”，指為行政管理或選舉之目的所分的區。在同一城市，各種性質不同的區域也叫district。如：
Where is the District of Columbia?哥倫比亞特區在什么地方？
The old man used to work in the jin-Cha-Ji Military District.那位老人曾經在晉察冀軍區工作。
The northeast part of the city is the residential district.這城市的東北部是住宅區。Arm take…in one’s arms 該結構意為“擁抱”。如：
He went into classroom, taking some books in his arms.As a child….:As/When he was a child…，小的時候，該句型中的as為連詞，意為“在……的時候”，引導時間狀語從句。當從句與主句主語一致，且從句謂語為be時，可將從句主語及be省略。①Even as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上學的時候，史密斯教授對數學就很感興趣。
②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小時候，他就喜歡和大人們打乒乓球。
as a result 作為結果，結果（發生某情況），可置于句首，也可置于句末
She got up very early.As a result, she was able to catch the early bus.她起得很早，因此她趕上了早班車。
He has won the game.He is in high spirits as a result.他贏了比賽，所以他精神高昂。
He runs every day.As a result , he has lost weight.他每天跑步，結果他減肥了。
as a result of 作為……的結果，as a result of……的結果是
As a result of exercise , he has built up his health.The flight was delayed as a result of typhoon.該次班機因臺風而延誤
result in = lead to 導致，造成……結果，如：
Hard work results in success.努力終歸成功。(= Success results from hard work.成功來自努力)Hard work results in success.勤奮才會成功。result from 由……產生的結果，如：
Success results from hard work.成功來自勤奮。His illness resulted from overwork.他的病起因于操勞過渡。as…as
as many as 和……一樣多/多達；as much as 和……一樣多/多達（注意：many指可數的量，much 指不可數詞的量）；as high as 和……一樣高/高達；as thick as 和……一樣厚/厚達；as long as 一樣長/長達;as deep as 一樣深/深達；as early as 一樣早/早在……時候，如：
We have as many books as they.我們的書和他們的一樣多。/The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings.大火燒毀的大樓多達20座。[應用]漢譯英
①新橋與舊橋一樣長。/這種魚可長到長達15英尺。②這座山和遠處的另一座一樣高。/這座山高達4000米。
Key:①The new bridge is as long as the old one./The kind of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.②This mountain is as high as another one in the distance./This mountain is as high as 4,000 metres.as…as possible:as…as one can盡可能地…….①I’ll come back as soon as possible.我盡可能
高考英語復習知識點概要
地……
②Get up as early as possible tomorrow morning.明天早晨盡量早起。as...as...用法小結
（1）...as+形容詞（副詞）原級+as...;not as/so+形容詞（副詞）原級+as...Their factory is as large as ours.他們的工廠和我們的一樣大。
I study as hard as you.我和你一樣用功學習。
He doesn’t get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父母那樣早起床。
（2）……倍數 + as + 形容詞（副詞）原級+as...Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.線段AB是線段CD長的3倍。
（3）as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數可數名詞 + as;as + 形容詞+復數名詞 + as She is as good many records as possible.我們需要盡量多的唱片。
There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.其中的含糖量相當于八塊方糖。I have’t got as much money as I thought.我沒有原來想象的那么多錢。
（5）as much/ many as多達……，……那么多 On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在運動會上，進行接力賽跑時，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小時多達650卡。
As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多達700種不同的語言。
He didn’t catch as many as he’d hoped.他沒有捉住預想的那么多。
（6）as...as possible;as...as one can The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can.=The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老師在黑板上應盡可能仔細地把字寫好。
Please be as friendly as possible to your friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.請對你的朋友盡可能友好。
（7）as...as + 年代數字/名詞
As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就認識他了。
He walked as far as the post office.他步行到郵局。（8）as/so far as I know As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他將要離家3個月。（9）as soon as—……就……
Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，請通知我們一聲。（10）as well as 和；也；還有
He gave me money as well as advice.他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢。
He studies French as well as English.他不但學習英語，而且學習法語。
（11）as/so long as 只要；如果
You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本詞典。as a matter of fact=in fact事實上、實際上……
It seems easy,but as a matter of fact,it’ll take us a long time to work it out.這道題貌似簡單，實際上要解出的話很費時間。區別下列用法
1)as(so)far as 和……一樣遠，遠至（原級比較或表示距離）；就……來講
2)as(so)long as 和……一樣長（原級比較）；只要（引導條件 狀語從句）
3）as well as和……一樣好；既……也……（連接并列成分）
4）as good as和……一樣好；事實上（作狀語）[應用]完成句子
①他們實際上已經答應幫助我們了。They have ________ _______ ______ promised to help us.②油漆后的這輛自行車和新的一樣。Painted, this bike is _______ _____ ______ a new one.③小李英語說得和漢語一樣好。Xiao Li speaks English______ ______ _____ she speaks Chinese.④他和他的父母對我都很好。He _______ ______ ______his parents is kind to me.⑤晚飯后我們一直到走山腳下。After supper we walked______ _____ ______the foot of the hill.⑥就我所知，他將離開兩個月。______ ______ ______I know, he’ll be away for two months.⑦只要努力，你一定會成功。________ ________ _______you work hard, you’ll succeed in time.⑧這座新建的橋據說和舊的一樣長。This newly – built bridge is said to be _____ ____ ___the old one.Key:①②as good as;③④as well as ⑤as far as ⑥As, far,as ⑦As/so,long,as ⑧as,long,as
as if可用as though替換，在此引導表語從句，另外它們也可引導狀語從句，從句既可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。如：
①It looks as if /though it’s going to rain.（陳述語
高考英語復習知識點概要
氣）
②You look as if you’d seen a ghost.（虛擬語氣）as is the case with = as with ……就和……的情況一樣
As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music.跟母親一樣，他喜歡音樂。
As with human, animals also love their babies.同人一樣，動物也愛它們的幼仔。as good as as good as 作為固定詞組意為“幾乎一樣”，“實際上等于”，作為同級比較結構，意為“和……一樣好”。如：
①He is as good at English as me.②My bike is as good as yours.…as it is
該固定詞組表達意思是“就以（現在）這個樣子，”“根據現在的情況”。
如：He decided to buy the house as it is.as long as/so long as只要
(1)引導條件狀語從句
You may borrow the book as / so long as you keep it clean.只要你不把書弄臟，你就可以借。
You will succeed so long as you work hard.只要你努力就會成功。
As long as you study hard, you’ll make great progress.只要你努力學習，你就會取得很大進步。
(2)和……一樣長
This rope is as long as that one.這條繩子和那條一樣長。
This bridge isn’t so/as long as that one.這座橋和那座不一樣長。
(3)長達……（表時間）
The old couple have been living in the small town as long as 50 years.這對老夫婦已在這個小城鎮里住了長達50年。as well/ as well as as well 表示“也”，是副詞短語，用作狀語，通常放在句末，也可放在主語之后，相當于too,但一般無標點符號與句子隔開.as well as 通常看作一個復合并列連詞,連接兩個成分相同的詞、短語或句子，表示“既……又……，不但……而且……”當它連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的人稱和數要與第一個主語保持一致。如：
The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子們學習讀書寫字，他們也做游戲。With television,we can see a picture as well as hear sound.利用電視,我們既能聽到聲音,又能看到圖像.Tom,as well as his parents,likes pop music.湯姆以及他的父母都喜歡流行音樂。as;which引導定語從句異同
as, which 都能引導限制性或非限制性的定語從句。
(1)在引導限制性定語從句時；
①which從句修飾的先行詞是名詞（詞組），which可與that換用，作賓語時可省去。如：
Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box which doesn’t.But the studios(which)he started are still busy today, producing more and more interesting films.②as從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾；as可作主、賓、表語，一律不可省略。如：Many of the sports were the same as they are now.（as作表語）
He uses the same map as I(use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。（as作賓語）
Such as beautiful park as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮的公園是由兩個年輕的工程師設計的。（as作主語）The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected.印好的報紙并非如主編原來所期望的那樣。（as作賓語）
(2)在引導非限制性定語從句時，as,which都可作主、賓、表語，都不可省去。
①which從句補充說明先行詞的用途、性質、狀態、特征等。如：
At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut
the costs of making the newspaper.(用途)
One of Charile Chaplin’s most famous films was“The Gold Rush”,which was made in 1925.(時間)Now, however,the maters of this great lake,which is also the
World’s deepest(over 1,740 metres),have been dirtied by waste
from a chemical factory.(特征)
②which從句還可表示說話人的看法，也可對主句作意義上的補充；which=and it/ this/ that/ they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分；which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如： He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他說她會四門外語，這是不可能的。（說話人看法，which代表賓語從句部
高考英語復習知識點概要
分）
比較：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他說她會四門外語，這使我們每個人都很驚訝。（補充主句，which 代表主句）
Leaves are turning yellow, which means autumn is coming.樹葉正在變黃，這意味著秋天就要來了。③as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有“正如”的意義，其從句可放在主句前或后，如： The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was compl-eted in 1969.我們都知道南京長江大橋，它建成于一九六九年。（as代表先行詞）
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們許多人（所做的那樣）對事實視而不見是愚蠢的。（as代表主語部分）
As we know, the earth is round.我們知道，地球是圓的。
ask for 要求，請求
ask sb.for sth.向（某人）請求（要求）……
She asked for some advice on how to learn English well.at表示速度、價格、利率
at a high/low price以高價/;低價；at 40 miles an hour 以每小時40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以……速度。
[應用]完成句子
①公司決定以較低的價格將這批電視賣掉。
The company decided to sell the TV sets _
__ _ __ __
_。
②火車正以每小時150英里的速度前進。
The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour.Key:①at, a, low, price②at,a, speed,of “at+名詞”表示“在進行，從事” at work 在工作；at table在吃飯；at play 在做游戲；at sea 出海；at university/college在上學;at night school在上夜校；at dinner/table在吃飯；at peace處于和平狀態；at war在交戰，在打仗 [應用]完成句子。
①別人在工作，不要吵鬧。Don’t make any noise while others are ______ ________.②孩子們在游戲，而他們的父母正在吃飯。
The children were ______ ________ while their parents were_______ _______.Key:①at, work②at,play,at,dinner at last, in the end, finally
三者均有“最后、終于”的含義。finally常用于動詞之前，表示人們長期以來期待的某事最后實現了，也可指一系列事物或論點的順序。例如：
Ａfter putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經過三次延期之后,我們終于在希臘度了一次假。
Ｔhey talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談論了幾個小時，最后決定不去。at last 有時可與finally互換，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，語氣更強烈。例如：
When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當人們最終找到他時，他已經奄奄一息了。
James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過了考試。
in the end指經過許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后，某事才發生。例如：
We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五種不同的度假方案，但最后我們還是選定了再來一次夏令營活動。
at(the)least 至少；最少。反義詞組為at(the)most至多；最多。
—Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at(the)most 40 years old.史密斯先生很顯老，實際上他最多40歲。
—Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at(the)least.噢，真的嗎？我以為他至少50歲了。at the beginning of 在……初（開頭），可指時間與空間。如：
at the beginning of term 在學期開始
at the beginning of the book 在那本書的開頭
at the beginning 單獨用時間at first，也可說in the beginning.比較：at the end of 在……末（盡頭）
at the end 在末尾處
in the end 最終，同at last
in the middle of 在……中期
from beginning to end 從頭至尾 at the doctor’s
該結構為介詞+名詞所有格，意為“在診所”。所有格-’s后一般接名詞，如her mother’s bike ,但有時這個名詞可省略，主要表現在以下兩個方面： ①指一個企業，機構，教堂，學校，醫院，家庭，理發店，店鋪時。如： She is at the hairdresser’s.②為了避免重復，省略-’s后的名詞。如：
高考英語復習知識點概要
I have read some of Shaw’s plays,but none of Shakespeare’s.at the last moment在最后關頭 at the moment 此刻；正在那時 for a moment片刻；一會兒for the moment 目前，暫時in a moment立刻，馬上
at the top of在……的頂部，上方 at the top of a mountain在山頂
She is(at)the top of her class in French.at the top of one’s voice高聲地，尖聲地 at war 該介賓詞組意思是“處于戰爭或交戰狀態”。在句中常作表語。如：
The U.S.A.and Iraq are at war again.at, with, through表原因
三個介詞都可表示原因，at表示聽到或看到的原因；with表示人體外部的原因；through 強調自身的原因。如：be sad at the news聽了這個消息而悲傷；be frightened at the sight看了那個情景而害怕；jump up with joy高興地跳了起來；turn red with anger氣得臉紅；shake with cold/fear凍得/害怕得發抖；with pleasure高興地；with pride 驕傲地；with satisfaction滿意地；make the mistake through his carelessness由于粗心而出錯；be put into prison through no fault of his own 沒有任何罪過被關進監獄。
[應用]漢譯英
①聽到這個消息，全國人民處于悲哀之中。②孩子們高興地跳了起來。③由于大意他犯了這個錯誤。
Key:①At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.②The children jumped up with joy.③He made the mistake through his carelessness.at work;out of work;after work 這三個以work為中心詞的介詞短語，在意思和用法上均不相同。(1)at work表示“在工作、在上班”，作表語或狀語。例如：
They are both at work today.今天他們倆都在上班。His father had an accident at work last week.上周的父親在工作時出了事故。(2)out of work表示“失業”，是介詞短語，相當于lost one’s job或be unemployed。例如：
If you don’t work hard, you’ll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就會失業。
You’ll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是遲到，你會失業的。(3)after work表示“下班后”，作時間狀語。例如： What do you usually do after work?下班后你經常干什么？
I visited Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望過劉先生。attempt
(1)n.嘗試；企圖。
①He made an attempt to learn to ski.他嘗試著學滑雪。
②He failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企圖爬上這座山，卻失敗了。(2)vt.嘗試；企圖。
①She attempted to learn Japanese.她試圖學習日語。②The prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企圖逃走。
12.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不使入內；不牽涉進去。
①Warm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。
②Keep out of their quarrels.不要參與他們爭吵。attention 短語
pay attention to sth.注意某事
draw one’s attention(to sth.)引起某人的注意 be worth one’s attention 值得某人注意
bring one’s attention to sth.叫某人注意某事 average短語歸納
average 可用作名詞，表示“平均數，一般水平”，也可作形容詞，表示“平均的”。如：
the average of the pay平均工資；above/below the average平均以上/以下；
the average age of the girls姑娘的平均年齡； the average temperature平均氣溫； on(an,the)average平均起來 [應用]完成句子
①這個廠的工人平均每月收入700元。____ ______，one worker in this factory gets 700 yuan every month.②他的功課一般以上。He is_________ _________ in his lessons.Key: ①On, average
②above, average awake,wake
①awake用作及物或不及物動詞，表示“叫醒，喚醒；醒來”；而wake表示相同意義時，必須與up連用，對比：
The noise awoke me./The noise woke me up.嗓音把我鬧醒。
She usually awakes at six in the morning./She usually wakes up at six in the morning.她通常早上6點醒。
高考英語復習知識點概要
注意：awake 不與up連用；wake up 的賓語是人稱代詞時必須置于兩個詞之間。誤：wake up him正：wake him up ②awake 還可用作形容詞，只用作表語或后置定語，不能用作前置定語。其反義詞是 asleep.如： Is he awake or asleep?他睡著了還是醒著？
Anyone awake heard the sound.任何醒著的人都聽的形式應與前后保持一致。
2)He sat there in silence, _______sad and doing nothing.A.looking
B.looked
答案：A.此題and 之后ing形式，其前面也應該用ing形式，而不能與前面的sat并列。
3)He sat there in silence ,______ nothing.A.doing
到了那個聲音。注意：wide/fully awake 完全醒著；sound/fast/deeply asleep熟睡 [應用]完成句子
①他醒來時，他母親在他的旁邊。When he_______,his mother was beside him.②我徹夜未眠，一直在考慮這個問題。I have lain_______all night thinking of the problem.③他突然醒了，好象有人叫他的名字。He ______ _______suddenly,as if someone had called his name.④她睡著的時候誰也叫不醒他。No one can_______ _______ ________when she is asleep.Key:①awoke ②awake ③woke up ④wake,her,up battle, war, fight, struggle war指戰爭的總體；battle指war中的戰斗或戰役；fight指具體的人與人之間或動物之間的爭斗；struggle指長時間、激烈的爭斗，多指肉體、精神上的戰斗。對比：
We have had two world wars in this century.本世紀已有兩次世界大戰。
They were wounded in the battle.他們在戰斗中受了傷。
We have started a fight against pollution.我們已開始了一場消除污染的斗爭。
His life was a hard struggle with sickness.他一生跟疾病作了艱苦的斗爭。[應用]英譯漢
①in time of war
②be at war ③declare war on…
④fight a battle ⑤give/offer battle
⑥have a hand-to-hand fight Key:①戰時
②交戰，在打仗 ③對……宣戰
④打一仗 挑戰 ⑤肉搏戰
伴隨狀語可用現在分詞也可用過去分詞
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.本句有三個并列謂語，looking 部分為伴隨狀語。例題
1）He held up his finger ,_______ a face and nodded his head.A．making
B.made 答案：B.此題有and，需連接并列結構，所填詞B.did
答案：A.此題才是在逗號之后，需要伴隨狀誤。4)He set out early, ________ there on time.A.arriving
B.and arrived
答案：B.此題兩種選項從形式看都有可能，但根據意思看，“到達”并不伴隨“出發”的動作，而是明顯地有先有后。
5)He made a smile, _____ with the result.A.satisfying
B.satisfied
答案：B.伴隨狀語可用現在分詞也可用過去分詞，此處表示“感到滿意”的一種狀態，而satisfying表示令人滿意的，此時的satisfied是過去分詞，而不是過去式。
be about to do sth.正要、即將做某事。是將來時的一種表達方式，表示最近的將來。
①I was about to go to bed when he called.我正要去睡覺，這時他打來了電話。
②When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.我看到湯姆，他正要上汽車。注意：be about to 通常不用于帶有具體時間狀語的句子，但可用be going to 表示。
①Hurry up!They are about to start.快點！他們就要走了。
②Hurry up!They are going to start at 10 o’clock.快點！10點鐘他們就要走了。be ahead of
該詞組有兩層意思，一是“優于”，“超過”；二是“比……早”，“在……的前面”。如：
He is well ahead of all the other students in English.be angry with sb.生某人的氣。
be angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣。①Don’t be angry with me for my being late?不要因為我遲到而生我的氣。
②What are you angry about?你生什么氣？
③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.讓他等了這么久，他很生氣。be certain…;be sure be uncertain about意思是“對……不確定（沒把握）” uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是“確信的，有把握的”，常用于以下結構：
高考英語復習知識點概要
(1)be certain(sure)to do sth.“肯定會做……”（表示某事將要發生）。如：
He is certain(sure)to come next Sunday.(2)be certain(sure)of/ about sth.“確信、有把握”（表示某個人的思想狀態）。如： We are certain/ sure of victory.(3)名詞從句作主語時，一般多用certain.It is certain that he will come.be different from與……不同
Your idea is different from mine.你的想法和我的不同。
對比：make sb./ sth.different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others.她特殊的口音使她與眾不同。be familiar with,be familiar to be familiar with的主語是有生命的事，意為“某人對人、事熟悉”；be familiar to 的主語是無生命的事物，意為“某人/事為某人所熟悉”，對比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英語名稱。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.蘇州和杭州為許多外國人所熟悉。
I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我對歐洲歷史不太熟悉。
注意：be familiar with/to
還表示“精通、通曉” 如：French is as familiar to him as English.他對法語就象對英語一樣精通。
[應用] 一句多譯①這些事實是每個學生都熟悉的。②她精通4種語言。
Key:①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.be filled with = be full of 充滿，裝滿
如： The bottle is filled with water.瓶子里裝滿了水。注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave.此處filled 表示“充滿了的”指處于一種狀態。比較：be crowded with 擠滿的，與be filled with 有所不同。如：
The room is crowded with guests.房間里擠滿了客人。
此外，fill作為動詞可用其主動形式，亦可構成另外短語。如：
Fill the bottle with sand.把瓶子裝滿沙子。Fill in the blanks.填空。be full of…→be filled with…充滿…
①The classroom was full of students.教室里擠滿了學生。
②Her eyes were full of tears.她眼淚汪汪的。
be likely to 易于……；有可能的.后跟動詞不定式，往往用在一時的情形。
I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我會感冒的。
Is that magazine likely to interest you? 那本雜志對你有吸引力嗎？ be of…結構小結
(1)be of + 表示年齡（age）、大小（size）、顏色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、價格（price）、意見（opinion）、形狀（shape）、種類（kind）和方法（way）等名詞，說明主語的特征，of表示“具有”之意，有時可省去。例如：
They are both of middle height.他倆都是中等個兒。When I was of your age, I was a teacher.當我是你這個年齡時，我當老師了。
These flowers are of different colors.這些花朵顏色不同。
Tom is of a different way of thinking.湯姆的思維方式與別人不同。
注意：此結構中，如果of后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an，則a/an=the same.例如：
The two boys are of an/the same age.這兩個男孩同齡。
These bottles are of a/the same size.這些瓶子大小一樣。
(2)be of + 物質名詞，表示主語是由某材料制成或某成分構成，相當于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：
The necklace is(made)of glass.這項鏈是玻璃制的。The bridge is(built)of stone.這橋是由石頭構筑的。Our class is(made up)of over 50 students.我班有50多個學生。
(3)be of + 抽象名詞（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示“具有、具備”等意思，of不能省，這一結構相當于be+該抽象名詞相應的形容詞。例如：
They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他們對英語學習者來說是很有幫助的。In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事實上體育運動是很有價值的。
The book is of no use/useless to us.這書對我們無用。
It is of great importance/very important to study
高考英語復習知識點概要
English.學習英語很重要。
因此，根據上述(1),(2)點可以看出，課文句中第一個be of 結構表示“具有”，第二個be of(承前省去be)表示“由……制成的”。全句漢語意思為：“硬幣的大小、重量、形狀可能各不相同，并由不同的金屬制成。” be on on 表明所處的狀態，意為“為…工作，在……服務”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替換。I’m on the school team.我屬于校隊。
She is on Times newspaper.她在時代報社工作。[應用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?Which team______you_____? ②She is a member of the city team.She______ ______ the city team.Key: ①are,on ②is, on be out;put out be out 指“（燈、火）熄滅”，強調狀態。put out 意為“熄滅、撲滅”，強調動作。如： Is the fire out ? Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.be remembered as…作為……而被人們懷念 He will always be remembered as a national hero.be seated 意為“坐下”（=sit down）,是正式用語，而sit down是非正式用語。
如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.be up to to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。這一短語有以下幾個常用意思：
（1）從事于、忙于，有時含有“密謀干壞事”之意。如：
What is he up to now?他現在在干什么？ He is up to no good.他沒干好事。
（2）由……負責，常用It作主語。如：
It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.是去還是不去由你決定。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應盡力幫助他們。
（3）勝任、適于。如：
He is not up to his work.他不勝任他的工作。（4）直到、以至。如： up to now 直到現在
Between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m.，the hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160km/h.從午夜時分到清晨6點之間，颶風橫掃英格蘭的東南角，風速高達每小時160公里。because;because of 二者均表示“因為”，區別是：
because是從屬連詞引導原因狀語從句；而because of是一個合成介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句組成介詞短語。如:
I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因為下雨，而是因為我累了。Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話使她臉紅了。
become experienced at對……有經驗 experienced adj.有經驗的，老練的 be experienced in
He’s very experienced in money matters.experience n.經驗，體驗（in(of)/doing）
My father has ten year’s experience in teaching.beeline n.兩地之間的直線；捷徑（指蜜蜂采蜜后徑直飛向蜂房，這條路叫beeline）
（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行
As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.會議一結束，他就直接上了酒吧。
If you want to catch up with them, you’d better make a beeline for them.如果你想趕上他們，你最好抄近路去。
（2）in a beeline 成直線地，筆直地
The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.孩子們直接走向博物館。
believe in（=trust/trust in）信賴；信任；信仰
Tom is honest.I believe in him.湯姆很誠實，我信賴他。
He doesn’t believe in anybody in the world.在這個世界上，他不相信任何人。
We believe in socialism.我們信仰社會主義。①We believe in Marxism.②You can believe in him.③We believe in our government.對比：believe sb.相信某人的話是真的。
I believe what he said this time though he often tells lies.盡管他經常撒謊，可這次我相信他的話是真的。
belong to屬于
無被動結構，也不用進行時態。下列單詞和詞組也無被動形式：appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。
The house belongs to him.這所房子歸他所有。The
高考英語復習知識點概要
book belongs to my deskmate.這本書是我同位的。besides 作為副詞，意思是“還有，而且”（moreover），常放在句首。如：
I don ‘t want to go out for a walk.Besides, I’m feeling tired.beyond,prep.（場所）在（向）……的一邊，越過……，（程度）超出；（時間），超過（Δ常用于否定句）；除……之外，……以外。
①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.blow
①用作動詞，表示“吹風，刮風”。如：
blow hard(strongly)風刮得很大；blow away the leaves吹走樹葉；blow down(over)trees 把樹刮倒；blow in much dust吹進灰塵；blow off one’s hat吹掉帽子；blow out the candle吹滅蠟燭；blow open(風吹)開；blow up爆炸 ②用作名詞，表示“打擊，一擊”。如：be a great blow to sb.對某人是個巨大的打擊；give sb.a heavy blow on the head重重地打某人的頭。【應用】完成句子
①他妻子之死對他是一大打擊。His wife’s death was _______ _________ ________ ______him.②我那頂帽子被風吹掉了。I _______my hat __________ ___________.③風刮得厲害，門吹開了。The wind was ________ __________ and the door ________.④戰士們把敵人的大橋炸毀了。The soldiers __________ __________the enemy’s bridge.Key:①a ,great, blow, to
②had, blown, off③blowing, hard, blew, open
④blew, up block
①用作名詞，意為“塊；街區；阻塞。”如： a block of ice/stone/wood 一大塊冰/石頭/木頭；two blocks兩個街區；a block in traffic/a traffic block交通堵塞。
②用作動詞，表示“阻塞，阻攔”。如： be blocked by the heavy snow被大雪堵塞，block the entrance 堵塞入口；Block!(路標)此路不通！【應用】完成句子
①道路被人群擠得水泄不通。The road_______ _______with crowds of people.②那家旅館同這里隔著兩條街。The hotel is __________ _________ __________.③他們用石塊將洞口堵住。They ________(up)the entrance to the cave with big rocks.④有人在妨礙我們實施計劃。Someone is _________our plan.Key:①was, blocked
②two, blocks,away③blocked ④blocking 倍數的表示法
1）…times as…as“……是……的幾倍”；
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲的大小是歐洲的4倍。
2）…times +形容詞/副詞比較級+that:
The new building is four times higher than the old one.新樓比舊樓高4倍。
3）…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月亮大小的49倍。
The ball is twice the width of our classroom.舞廳是我們教室寬度的2倍。4）…times+what從句：
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.現在的生產是10年前的3倍。[應用]選擇正確答案
①After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced_____tractors in 1988 as the year before.(MET’90)
A．as twice many
B.as many twiceC.twice as many
D.twice many as
②The population of China is_____than that of America.A.larger five times B.five times larger C.five times as D.as five times Key:①C ②B
begin(…)with…從……開始（…）
①Knowledge begins with practice.知識來自實踐。②Let’s begin(this unit)with the words and expressions.咱們從單詞和短語開始學（這個單元）。besides/except/but
besides用作介詞時,表示“除……以外還有”之意，即所除去的東西要包括在內。用作副詞時，表示“此外，而且”
except表了“除……之外”所除去的東西不包括在內。
but只能用在no,all,nobody,anything,anywhere等詞之后。
如：Besides knowing some Greek,she was fluent in Italian.她除了懂些希臘語之外，意大利語也說得很流利。
Do you play other games besides tennis?除網球之外，你還進行其他的運動嗎？
高考英語復習知識點概要
It wasn’t a good hotel;besides,it was very expensive.這不是一家好旅館，況且房價也很貴。
Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.哈利森什么事情都考慮到了，惟獨沒有考慮到天氣。
Under the soil there is nothing except/but sand.土壤下面只有沙子。
比較級 + and + 比較級
more and more countries 越來越多的國家；fewer and fewer students越來越少的學生；less and less time 越來越少的時間；more and more beautiful越來越漂亮；get thinner and thinner 變得越來越瘦；fly higher and higher 飛得越來越高；run more and more slowly跑得越來越慢，become stronger and stronger 越來越強大;[應用]漢譯英
①越來越多的人認識到學好一門外語的重要性。②飛機飛得越來越高直到看不見了。Key: ①More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreigh language well.②The plane flew higher and higher until it was out of sight.表示“大約”
about,around,some,or so均可來表示“大約”。前三個詞通常放在被修飾成分之前，而or so多置于其后。如：
about one hundred students大約100名學生； at around eight o’cloch在大約八點鐘； some twenty years ago 大約二十年前； [應用]一句多用：這件設備重10噸左右。
Key:This piece of equipment weighs some 10 tons.This piece of equipment weighs 10 tons or so.This piece of equipment weighs about(around)10 tons.表示“決心、決定做”的幾個用法 1)decide to do 決定做
We decided to put off the trip to the U.S.我們決定推遲美國之行。
2)make a decision to do ：
He has made a decision to buy a new computer.他已決定買一臺新電腦。
3)make up one’s mind to do
The doctor made up his mind to go abroad for further education.那位醫生決定出國深造。4)determine to do
We have determined to get the work done before National Day.我們已決定國慶節前完成這項工作。5)be determined to do
He is determined to give up smoking.他決心戒煙。6)decide that……(從句中動詞用should + 動詞原形)
We decided that we should widen the road.我們決定拓寬這條路。
[應用]一句多譯：這位年輕科學家決心繼續自己的研究。Key:
The young scientist was determined to go on with his research./He determined to go on with his research./He
decided that he should go on with his research./He made up
his mind to go on with his research./He made a decision to go on with his research./He decided to go on with his research.表示“寧愿、想要某人做某事” 下列句型均可表示“寧愿、想讓某人作某事”：would like sb.to do sth.;would prefer sb.to do sth.;like sb.to do sth;want sb.to do sth.;would rather that sb.did sth.對比：would like/love to do sth.喜歡、寧愿做某事；prefer to do sth.寧愿做；would rather do sth.寧愿做；would like/love not to do sth.不想做；would rather not do sth.寧愿不做……；prefer not to do sth.不想做；would rather do sth.than do sth.寧愿做某事而不做某事；p11refer to do sth.rather than do sth.寧愿做某事而不做某事。[應用]①一句多譯
我想讓我兒子學醫。②選擇正確的答案
Little Jim should love_______to the theatre this evening.(MET’92)
A.to be taken
B.to take C.being taken D.taking Key:
I would like my son to study medicine./I’d love my son to
study medicine,/ I would rather that my son studied medicine./ I like my son to study medicine./I want my son to study medicine./I would rather that my son studied medicine.②A
表示態度、語氣的短語歸納
generally speaking一般說來；strictly speaking嚴格說來；honestly speaking誠實地說來；personally speaking就我個人而言；exactly speaking準確地說來。to tell you the truth說實話；to be honest老實說；believe it or not信不信由你；judging from his
高考英語復習知識點概要
appearance從他的相貌來說 [應用]完成句子
①嚴格說來，加拿大英語和美國英語并不完全一樣。_____ ____,Canadian English is not just the same as
American English.②老實說我不贊同你的想法。_______ _______ ________,I can’t agree to your idea.③一般地說，青年人喜歡流行音樂。___________,young people enjoy pop music.Key:①Strictly,speaking②To,be,honest③Generally, speaking 表示“沒必要做某事”的4種 句型
①There be no need(for sb.)to do sth.②It be not necessary(for sb.)to do sth.③主語+don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t have to do sth.④主語+needn’t+動詞原形
[應用]一句多譯：我們沒有必要再等了。Key:There is no need for us to wait.It’s not necessary for us to wait.We don’t have to wait.We need not wait.表示“祝愿”的幾種句型
①名詞短語（+to you）:Happy birthday to you!祝你生日快樂。
Best wishes for Teachers’Day.祝教師節愉快。②All the best.祝萬事如意。
All the best with your family.祝全家好。
All the best in your study/business.祝你學習/事業順利。
③主語+wish+sb.+名詞/形容詞 I wish you happy.我祝你幸福。
We wish you greater progres.我們祝你取得更大進步。
④I hope+that 從句：
I hope you’ll enjoy being with us.我們希望你和我們在一起很高興。
⑤部分祈使句也可表祝愿：
Remember me to your family.代我向你全家問好。Send best wishes to him.向他問好。break 小結
break 一詞常用搭配有：
（1）break out(戰爭、火災、爭吵、瘟疫等)爆發 A big fire broke out in the city last week.(2)break away from 脫離
A carriage(車廂)broke away from the train.(3)break the law 違反法律
Who breaks the law will be punished by the law.(4)break in 破門而入；打斷
He broke in to say that he was not interested in what I was talking about.(5)break down 損壞；中斷
Her fridge has broken down for a long time.(6)break off 打斷；結束；暫停
They were arguing(爭論)but broke off when someone came into the room.(7)break into闖入；侵入
Thieves broke into my house when I was out.break off
該短語動詞的意思是“中斷說話”，“暫時停止”。如：
He broke off in the middle of a sentence.break sth.off/break off sth.with sb.前者意為“（使）折斷”，后者意為“與某人突然斷絕（關系）”。如：
The mast broke off /was broken off when the ship was moving.break out(戰爭、火災、疾病、瘟疫等的)爆發 ①The American Civil War broke out in 1861.②Fire broke out in the neighbour last night.break out in(into)…忽然（做出）…… break out in laughter突然放聲大笑 break in(強盜等)強行闖入
break into闖入；打碎（打破）成…… break up 分開，分割 bring短語歸納
bring down(風)刮倒，降低（降落）；bring up 養大，嘔吐；bring about帶來，引起；bring along捎來，帶來，bring back 歸還；bring out 拿出；bring in 賺（錢），帶進，傳入；bring on 端上（飯菜），引起（火災），使……成長； [應用]副詞填空
①He felt terribly ill and brought ______ what he ate.②Surely the new railway will bring __ many changes in this less developed area.③Next time you come to China, be sure to bring ______your friends.④All the library books must be brought_______ before June20.⑤Selling newspapers brings ______ enough money for my schooling.⑥Enough water can bring the rice _______.Key: ①up ②about ③along ④back ⑤in ⑥on bring/take/fetch(get)/carry
①bring向著說話人的地方“帶來；拿來”。②take由說話人的地方“帶走；拿去”。
高考英語復習知識點概要
③fetch(get)由說話人的地方“去拿來、帶來”，指往返雙程。
④carry“攜帶；搬運；運送”，無方向性。
bring in
把……拿進來；收獲；賺入……；獲利 They bring in one million dollars a year from their new company.broadcast vt.;vi.廣播;播放。過去式和過去分詞均為broadcast。
①The BBC broadcasts every day.BBC每天都廣播。②The news was broadcast on the radio.這個消息是收音機里播送的。burst into tears 該動賓短語，理解的重點是不及物動詞burst的意思及其分詞或副詞連用的結構形式和意思。burst是及物動詞或不及物動詞，意為“（使）爆破”，“脹破”。如：
①He put too much air into the balloon and it burst.②The funny joke made the children burst their sides with laughing.burst由原意引伸出表示空發性的動作，意為“突然發生”，“突然發作”。常構成一些短語，如： burst into tears/laughter(突然大哭/大笑)burst into song(突然唱起歌來)burst into angry speech（大發雷庭）burst into bloom(開花)burst into view/sight（景象，奇觀的）突然出現 burst into the room(闖入房間)burst out/forth laughing(捧腹大笑)burst out/forth crying（突然大哭）
如:On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.Busy be busy doing sth.該結構意為“忙于做某事”。應注意的是be busy 后只能接動詞-ing形式，不能接動詞不定式to do,相同結構的形容詞還有worth。如： ①He is busy writing his composition.②She keeps busy working on a new novel these weeks.③This book is well worth seeing.but prep.除…之外。與except同義，除了的部分與其他部分不在一個范圍內，不具有一致性。except適用場合較多，but 主要用于帶有nothing/nobody/no one/all 等不定代詞的句子。①No one except/but you was late.除你之外沒有遲到。（你遲到了）
②We all went to see a film yesterday evening except/but you.除你之外作天晚上我們都去看電影了。（你沒去）③That window is open except in winter.除冬天外
那窗戶一直開著。（冬天不開）另外，but后可接不不定式。如果句子前面有實義動詞do及其變化形式時，不定式不帶to;否則不定式帶to.①I did nothing yesterday evening but watch TV.昨天晚上除看電視外我什么也沒干。
②He had no choice but to leave.他只得離開。
注意：besides 也是介詞，意為“除……之外（還有）”。除了的部分和其他部分在同一個范圍內，具有一致性。
①We all went to see a film yesterday evening besides you.除你之外昨天晚上我們也都去看電影了。（你和我們都去了）
②Who is going there with Tom besides you? 除你之外還有誰和湯姆一起去？ but for
該短語介詞意為“要不是……”，后接名詞（=without + n.）,but for…短語相當于一個虛擬條件句，因此，句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。如： The boy would have drowned but for your help.如果接的是句子，but for要換用成but that… 如：
He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.(= if it had not been the fact that he was…)Buy
“我的金項鏈花了2500元”有多種譯法：
by prep.乘……。用來表示方式，其后的名詞為單數，且不加冠詞。例如 by bike/bus/ car /taxi/train//road/railway/land/boat/ship/ water/ sea/ plane/air 但：“步行”用on foot.注意：若表示交通工具的名詞前有限定詞，則將by 改作in 或on.in one’s/the car/ bus/plane etc.on the bike by name
該介賓詞組的意思是“名叫……”；“憑名字”。如： ①He met a man, John by name.②I knew him only by name.by one’s first marriage 通過或由于某人的第一次婚姻
高考英語復習知識點概要
介詞by有許多含義，在此處意為“通過”，相當于through。
He left by the first train.他乘第一次列車離開了。
The electricity supply is operated by a switch.供電由一個開關控制。
by the age of/at the age of,by到……時為止。表示的是一段時間，句子通常用完成時態。at在……時候。表示的是具體時間點，句子通常用一般時態。
①By the age of ten,he had learned to play the piano.10歲的時候，他就學會了彈鋼琴。
②He was very clever.and at the age of 15 he went to college.他非常聰明，15歲時上大學了。
③By the end of this term,we’ll have learned 2000 English words.到本學期末，我們將學會2000個英語單詞。
④At the end of this term,we’ll hold an English party.在本學期末，我們 將舉行一次英語晚會.call 短語
動詞.call所構成的短語很多，現將在中學課上的常出現的由call所構成短語的意義和用法列出。(1)call at 指短期訪問某地：順便去某處。
We called at the park when we stayed in the city.我們在那個城市時順便去了那個公園。(2)call on的意思“正式拜訪某人”；此外，它還有“號召”之意。如：
They called on the famous scientist.他們拜訪了那個著名科學家。
The Party calls on us to learn from Comrade Lei Feng.黨號召我們向雷鋒同志學習。(3)call to“大聲呼喚、招呼、呼求”。如：
They called to us for help.他們向我們呼求援助。(4)call for可作“要求、需要、提倡”，還可作“邀約”解。如：
This is a problem that calls for immediate solution.這是個要求立即解決的問題。I’ll call for you then and we go there together.到時我來叫你，我們一起去哪兒。
(5)call in有“召來、召請、召進”之意。
You’d better call in a doctor.你最好請一位醫生來。(6)此外，call back有“叫回來、收回”之意；call off有“叫出去、叫走”之意；call after可作“追在后面叫喊”和“以某人的名字命名”之意。can/may/must表推測的用法
can, may, must等都可用于表推測，但它們的含義和用法不同。must語氣最肯定，指“一定、必定”，只用于肯定句中。“must+動詞原形”表示對現在情況的推測；“must + have + done ”表示對過去情況的推測。如：
Mum must be cooking supper now.媽媽現在一定在做晚飯。
He must have finished his work.他一定完成他的工作了。
May/might表示“或許，可能”。如：
Tom may go abroad next year.湯姆明年可能要出國。
She might have finished the work.她可能已完成這項工作了。He can’t know the answer.他不可能知道這個答案。can/could表示“可能，會”，我用于否定和疑問句中。如：
Could she he at home?她可能在家嗎？
can,表示一時的情況，意為“有時侯會……”。can的這種用法，只用在肯定句中。如： Children are lovely, but they can be tiring.Training by yourself in a game can be highly dangerous.carry短語歸納
carry away拿走，帶走；carry on(with)one’s work繼續工作；carry on a struggle/fight 開展斗爭；carry on a big business經營大生意；carry out a plan/order/promise/instructions/one’s duty/an experiment/advices/tests執行計劃/執行命令/履行諾言/執行指示/履行職責/做實驗/按建議辦/進行試驗；be carried up into space被發射升空。[應用]介、副詞填空
①It’s often easier to make plans than it is to carry them______.②Let’s stop here.We’ll carry________ the conversation tomorrow.③Carry the baby _______.It’s dangerous here.④Rising costs made it hard to carry ________ the business.⑤They decided to carry ________ though the weather was bad.Key:①out ②on ③away ④on ⑤on carry out 搬出；進行，實行，執行
①Would you please carry the chairs out? The plan should be carried out at once.It was important to carry out the work quickly.趕快進行這些工作是重要的。
He did not carry out his promise to us.對我們他沒有實現他的諾言。
高考英語復習知識點概要
用out構成的短語：look out向外看，小心work out算出來，實行。
leave out遺漏，忽視
take/bring out拿出來 thinking out想出
hold out伸出，支持，抵抗到底 case用法小結
(1)名詞case的詞意 ①意為“情形、情況”。
If that’s the case, you’ll have to work much harder.如果是那種情形的話，你將不得不更加努力地工作。
②意為“病例、案例”。
There were seven cases of cholera.有7起霍亂的病例。
The civil case will be heard in court next week.這一案件將于下星期審理。③意為“箱、盒、容器”。
John bought a case of beer.約翰買了一箱啤酒。(2)由case構成的短語
①in case意為“因為可能發生某事、以防萬一”，是介詞短語，在句中作狀語，常可置于句尾；也可用做連詞，后跟that從句(that常省略)，表示條件或目的，從句謂語習慣用should+動詞原形(should常省略)或陳述語氣。
It may rain—you’d better take an umbrella(just)in case(it does).可能下雨——你最好帶把雨傘，以防萬一。
In case(=If)he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.如果他在我回來之前到，請讓他等一下。
He doesn’t dare to leave the house in case(that)he should be recognized.他不敢出門，生怕被認出來。②in that case意為“既然那樣、假若是那樣的話”，用來承接上文。
In that case, you wouldn’t have a pan on fire.You’d have a house on fire！要是那樣，你就不光使鍋著火，你還會把房子燒起來。
You don’t like the job? In that case why don’t you leave?你不喜歡這份工作？那你怎么不辭掉呢？ He may be late.In that case we ought to wait for him.他可能遲到，因此我們應該等他。③in any case意為“無論如何、總之”。
We have to help him to pay the debt in case.我們無論如何要幫他還債。
④in no case意為“在任何情形下決不、無論如何都不”，用于句首時句子要進行部分倒裝。
In no case shall I forget the expression on her face.我決不會忘記她臉上的表情。⑤in case of sth.意為“若發生某事、如果、假如”，是短語介詞，后接名詞、代詞、-ing形式作賓語。In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.遇火警時立即按警鈴。
In case of rain（=In case it rains）,they can’t go.要是下雨，他們就走不了了。
In case of his being absent, we’ll put off the meeting till next week.如果他缺席，我們就會把會議推遲到下周。
⑥in the case of意為“至于、就……來說”，是短語介詞。
In the case of your debt, I’ll pay it off for you.至于你的欠款，我會替你還清的。catch fire;on fire catch fire 意為“著火”，表示動作。on fire 意為“著火、在燃燒”，表示狀態。如： Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire.Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.cause n.（大家為之奮斗的）事業
Helping the poor is a worthy cause.幫助窮人是一項有價值的事業。
World peace is the cause he works for.世界和平是他為之奮斗的事業。
cause v.導致，引起
1）接名詞：cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage引起事故/惹麻煩/導致死亡/引起大火/導致重病/造成損害
2）接雙賓語：cause sb.pain/trouble/damage給某人帶來痛苦/麻煩/損害
3）接復合賓語：cuase sb.to do sth使某人做某事 The sound caused me to jump back.那聲音嚇得我向后退。
[應用]完成句子
①什么使她改變了計劃？
What _______ _______ ______ _______her plan? ②地震使所有的樓房倒塌了。
The earthquake ________ all the buildings ________ _______.Key:①caused,her,to,change ②cuased,to,fall certain某（些），僅作形容詞用法。①He didn’t come for a certain reason.②A certain person called on me yesterday.③She will do it on certain conditions.some 也可以作此意講，但前面無冠詞 ①He is living at some place in East Africa.高考英語復習知識點概要
②I’ve read that story before in some book of other.chance
1)用于短語：
give sb.a chance給某人一次機會； have a chance to do sth.有機會做； miss a chance錯過機會； lose a chance失去機會； 2)用于句型：
The chance is that…/ The chances are that…表示“有可能……”（句型中的The和That 可省略）。如： The chance is(that)she’s already heard the news.可能她已聽到那則消息了。
Chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.新機器可能明天到。
3）后接of 或that從句表示“可能性”。如： He has no chance of winning the match.他不可能贏得這次比賽。
There is a chance that I will see him.我有可能見到他。
[應用]一句多譯： 那里有可能藏著蛇。
The chances are that there is a snake over there.There is a chance of a snake hiding there.There is a chance that a snake is over there.change one’s mind
該動賓詞組意為“改變主意”，其中mind常用單數形式。如：
If one always change one’s mind, he succeeds in nothing.check out清點；結賬；核實；檢查；開票提款
Ask him to check the information out for us.請他為我們核實一下信息。
We’d better check the whole room out in case it has been bugged.我們最好檢查一下整個房間以免有蛀蟲。
The trainees checked out all right.這些培訓學員完全合格。
She checked out 6000 dollars.她提款6000美元。come true成為現實、實現
表示變化過程的系動詞有：become,get,turn,而be表狀態
區別：①He became(get,turned)angry when hearing the news.聽到那消息他生氣了。（從不……到生氣）②He was angry, because he heard some bad news.他生氣是因為聽到不好的消息。常用的單位量詞
a piece of diary一則日記；a sheet of paper 一張紙；a suit
of clothes一套服裝；an article of clothing一件衣服；a crowd
of people一群人；a basin of water 一盆水;a block of wood一塊木頭；a cake of soap 一塊肥皂；a bottle of ink一瓶墨水；a grain of sand 一粒沙子；a group of tall trees 一片高樹；a team of players一隊運動員；a copy of China Youth 一分《中國青年》；a drop of oil 一滴油；a loaf of bread一塊面包；a pack of cigarettes一包煙；a pair of socks一雙短襪；a tin of beer一罐啤酒；a set of equipment一套設備；a bucket of water一桶水；a couple of eggs兩個雞蛋；a pile of old books 一堆舊書；a bowl of rice 一碗米飯；a handful of sand一把（少量的）沙 注意：上述單位量詞本身具有復數形式，亦可被具體數字修飾，句中的謂語多用復數形式。[應用]漢譯英
①搬家時成堆的舊書被賣掉。②三條重要新聞刊登在頭版。
Key:①Piles of old books were sold when we moved.②Three pieces of important news were printed in the front page.常用合成形容詞構成形式；
(1)adj+n.+ed：cold-blooded冷血的middle-aged中年的simple-minded頭腦簡單的，純樸的 The white-haired girl was named Xi’er.那個白毛女叫喜兒。
The milddle-aged woman is warm-hearted and is always willing to help others.那位中年婦女是個熱心腸，總是樂意助人
(2)n.+pres.p.（現在分詞）：English-speaking說英語的man-eating吃人的
(3)n.+ adj：snow-white雪白的world-famous世界聞名的
(4)num.（數詞）+n.+ed：four-legged四條腿的nine-storeyed九層的
(5)n.+ past p.（過去分詞）：man-made人造的(6)adj.+ pres.p.：good-looking好看的(7)adv.+ past.P.：well-known著名的 chief/ main
兩者都有“主要的”、“首要的”之意，但有區別。chief 主要用于人，表示“為首的，有最高地位或權力的”。
main一般說明事與物，可指某些具體的或抽象的東西。如：
He is the chief policeman.他是警長。
This is our main teaching building.這是我們的主教學樓。
高考英語復習知識點概要
clear
(1)用作形容詞，表示“清楚的，明白的”。如： in a clear voice以清楚的聲音；
be clear about sth.對……清楚，明白； be clear to sb.對某人來說很清楚；
make one’s meaning clear 說明自己的意思；
注意兩個句型：A：make it clear that…聲明，說明；B.It’s(was)clear that…很明顯（清楚）……。（2）用作動詞，表示“清除，清理，使干凈”。如： clear one’s room/a table/a street/the desk 整理房間/收拾桌子/清掃大街/整理書桌；
clear away the dishes/waste把餐碟收走/把垃圾清除（3）clear up 的三個意義： A.表示“清理，收拾，解決”。如：
The dustmen were busy clearing up the snow on the road.清潔工正在清除路上的積雪。
This book has cleared up many problems for me.這本書給我解決了許多難題。B．表示“（天氣）轉晴”。如：
It’s snowing now, but I think it will clear up soon.現在正在下雨，但是我想天氣很快會晴的。C．表示“露出喜悅的心情”。如： Her face cleared up as she read the letter.她看信的時候面露喜色。［應用］完成句子
①她對下一步干什么十分清楚。
She is _________ _________what to do next.②很清楚敵人是不會放棄他們的計劃的。
________ _______ _______that the enemy wouldn’t give up their plan.③他明確表示他要離職。
He _________ _________ ________that he would leave office.④在離開辦公室以前，請把你的桌子整理一下。_________ ________your desk before you leave the office.Key:①clear,about
②It, is, clear
③make , it clear
④Clear,up clear up（天氣）放晴，使明了，收拾整理，解決，了結
The sky cleared up just after the rain.雨過天晴。
Don’t expect me to clear up after you.別期望我在你后面收拾東西。（收拾不要的東西）
The police haven’t cleared up the murder case.警察還沒查清那件謀殺案。
His face cleared up as she heard the news.(引申義)聽到這個消息她臉上露出喜悅之情。
對比：clean up打掃干凈，整理，獲利，賺錢
The students cleaned up the classroom after class.（打掃干凈）下課后學生們打掃教室。cloth;clothes;dress
cloth指做衣服等用的“衣料、布”。一般作不可數名詞。如:
I put a piece of wet cloth around my face and lay on the floor for about two hours.注：用于表達特殊用途的布，如“桌布、抹布”等時，cloth用做可數名詞。如： He washed a table cloth just now.clothes意為“衣服”，總是以復數形式出現，泛指身上穿的各部分衣著，包括上衣、褲子、內衣、背心等。如:Look at these clothes.They are on Mrs Green’s clothes line.注意：（1）“一件衣服”不可說 a clothes, 應說 an article of clothing;“一套衣服”可說a suit(set)of clothes.(2)clothes 前不可直接用數詞修飾，如不可說three clothes.(3)clothes 前可用these, those, the, many, few修飾，口語中可用much, little修飾。
(4)chothes作主語時，謂語動詞只能用復數形式。dress 可用于可數和不可數名詞，用于可數名詞時，常指婦女、兒童服裝、內衣或外衣等公共場合穿的衣服。用于不可數名詞時，統指“衣服”。該詞可作動詞，意為“給……穿衣”。如： What colour is Mrs Green’s dress?
He could not wash himself or get dressed.combine;connect;join;unite 此組動詞意為“聯合、連接”。combine意為“結合、聯合”，指為了某一目的而把兩事物結合在一起。如：
We must combine theory with practice.我們必須把理論和實踐聯系起來。
He combines botany with chemistry.他把植物學和化學聯系起來了。connect“連接”，指用東西把兩事物連接在一起，或兩事物直接相連，二者仍保持原狀。
The two cities are connected by a railway.兩座城市由鐵路相連。
He connected the gas stove with gas pipe.他把煤氣和接在煤氣爐上。join意為“連接”，指以線、繩、橋等把兩物或兩地連接在一起，和connect意思相近，也可指兩物互相緊密相接。如：
We had better join the island to the mainland with a
高考英語復習知識點概要
steel bridge.我們最好建一座鋼筋橋把這個島與大陸連接起來。
Where does this stream join the Changjiang River?這條河和長江在哪里會合？ unite意為“聯合”，指兩種以上的事物結合為一體，有合二為一的意味，強調結合后的統一性。
The two companies will unite into one.這兩家公司將合并成一家。
The whole family united to help him.全家齊心協力幫助他。
come about: happen 產生；發生。相當于不及物動詞，和happen, take place一樣無被動語態。
①How did this accident come about ?這事故怎么發生的？
②I don’t know how the quarrel came about.我不知道怎么發生的爭吵。
come across=meet with(meet…by chance/accident)無意中碰到，找到，想到
Perhaps I shall come across him somewhere in the park.也許我會在公園的某個地方遇到他。
He came suddenly across an idea.他突然有了一個好主意。
come down下來，流傳下來，倒塌，沒落，病倒，減價
The song comes down to us from the 10th century.（流傳下來）
這首歌是從10世紀流傳到我們這一代的。
The roof of the house came down during the night.我聽說計算機要降價。come out come out是本單元需要掌握的一個重點詞語，現在我們對它們的用法作一比較全面的了解。(1)come out(= be published)出來；出版
I’ll let you have a copy of my book as soon as it comes out.我的書一出版我就送你一本。(2)come out(= to bloom)長出；發芽；開花；（使）開花；（使）繁盛
Spring comes, the trees turn green and flowers come out.春天來了，樹變綠了，花兒開了。(3)come out(= to appear)出現；出來
Ever since then, the bat comes out only at night.從那時起，蝙幅只在晚上出來。
(4)come out(= to win…)獲得（名次）
I came out first in the examination.我考試得了第一名。
(5)come out(= to become known)傳出，公之于眾；（秘密）泄露 The truth will come out some day.總有一天會真相大白的。
(6)come out(= to be seen, as in a photograph)（在相片等中）顯示；被看見
Mary always comes out well in photos.瑪麗總是很上相。
(7)come out(= to be developed)沖印；沖洗
The boss said that the photos had been come out for a long time.老板說照片已經沖印出來很久了。
(8)come out(= to be removed;disappear)去掉；消失 Would you please help me to make the ink in my shirt come out?你能幫我把襯衣上的墨水漬去掉嗎？
(9)come out(to be on strike;to refuse to work)罷工 The workers came out for a pay raise.工人們為增加工資而罷工。
(10)come out(= to end in the stated way)后來發現；結果是
The answer to the question came out wrong.這個問題的答案后來發現是錯誤的。
(11)come out(= to express clearly)(意思)表達清楚 The meaning of his speech did not come out well.他講話的意思不很清楚。
(12)come out(= to be counted)算出來；總計
The total expense（花費）comes out at 5000 yuan.總開支達五千元。come to light 發現，暴露（= be discovered / exposed /found out / be brought to light）
Much more new evidence has come to light(has been discovered/has been exposed/has been brought to light),so the judges have to sentence the man to death.新的證據不斷被發現，所以法官們不得不判這個人死刑。
When the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich.老太婆死后，人們才發現她其實很富有。common adj.共同的；一般的；公共的
A great interest in music was common to them.他們對音樂都有共同的強列的興趣。
The common people in those days suffered a lot.當時一般民眾生活都很苦。
We work for the common good.我們為了公共利益而工作。
common ,ordinary
二者都有“普通的，平常的”的意思，但側重點不同。ordinary側重表示“外表平凡，平平常常”；而common指“普遍存在，經常碰到”。對比：
高考英語復習知識點概要
in ordinary dress穿著平常的衣服； in an ordinary way以通常的方式；
an ordinary – looking man相貌平常的人； an ordinary event平常的一件事； common excuse常用的借口；
common knowledge常識；common people普通人，老百姓；
have a bathroom in common合用洗澡間。[應用]完成句子
①那是一首普通的舞曲。It was a piece of______dance music.②這種天氣在南方是很常見的。This sort of weather is quite _________in the south.③這弟兄兩個沒有什么共同之處。These two brothers have nothing ________ _________.Key:①ordinary ②common ③in common communicate v.（1）vt.傳達，傳送，傳染
communicate information/feelings/news…to sb.把信息、感情、消息……傳遞/傳達給某人
I’ll communicate the news to you directly.我會直接把消息傳達給你。
(2)vi.通訊，通話
communicate with sb.(by)用……與某人聯絡/溝通
We communicate with each other by telephone/letter.我們用電話/信件彼此溝通。
拓展：communication n.[u]通訊[c]消息pl.通訊系統
Radio and television are important means of communication.收音機和電視機是信息交流的重要工具。
Communications satellite helps the human a lot in many ways.通訊衛星在很多方面對人類有很大的幫助。
complete, finish 二個詞都有“完成”之意，但complete更突出使一切完備、沒有欠缺、多指完成工程、設計等。而finish是一般用語。常用短語有：complete the work完成工作；complete the new railway 修完鐵路；complete one’s collection of stamps完備集郵；finish one’s homework/middle school/writing the article 完成作業/中學畢業/寫完文章。
注意：complete還可用作形容詞，意為“完全的，徹底的、完成了的”。completely 是副詞，“完全地、徹底地”。如：a complete sentence/strange/success/failure完整的句子/完全陌生/完全成功/徹底的失敗。This job is completely new to me.這項工作對我來說是完全陌生的。[應用]單句改錯
①You have to finish to read the whole passage in five minutes.②Professor Smith has been complete successful in working out the problem.Key:①改to read為reading,因為finish后只能接動名詞。②改complete為completely。congratulate v.祝賀，慶賀
常用短語：congratulate sb.on / upon sth./ doing sth.為某事向某人祝賀
congratulate oneself that…因……而自己慶幸
congratulations常用于祝賀語，后可接on，也可單獨用。
I’d like to congratulate you on your success.對你的成功我表示祝賀。
I’d like to offer my congratulations on your success.對你的成功我表示祝賀。
You really should congratulate yourself on your appearance.(= You really should congratulate that you are so handsome.)你真該為自己的外表而慶幸。
對比：celebrate sth.慶賀某事
We’ll celebrate the New Year with a dance party.我們將舉行跳舞晚會以慶賀新年。
拓展：in celebration of… 慶祝……
hold a celebration舉行慶祝（會）congratulate, congratulations
①congratulate是動詞，作“祝賀、慶祝”解時，必須以被祝賀的人作賓語，構成：congratulate sb.on sth./doing sth.表示“祝賀某人……”。另外：congratulate oneself表示“慶幸，感到幸運”。如： We congratulated him on his success/his having succeeded.我們祝賀他的成功。
I congratulated myself on having escaped unhurt.我因自己幸免于難而感到幸運。
②congratulation是名詞，多用作復數形式。注意下列用法：
Congratulations!（單獨使用）祝賀你！
Congratulations on your success對你的成功我表示祝賀。
Congratulations to everybody!祝賀大家！
Please accept my congratulations on your birthday.請接受我對你的生日祝賀。[應用]選擇正確答案
We offered him our congratulations
him passing the college entrance exams.(MET’93)A.at
B.on
C.for
D.of
高考英語復習知識點概要
connect連接，把……聯系起來
(1)vt.The road connects London and Edinburgh.這條路把倫敦和愛丁堡連在一起。
The two cities are connected by a canal.這兩座城市由運河連在一起。
A good student must connect what he reads with and what he sees around him.一個好學生必須把他所讀的與所見的聯系起來。
(2)be connected with與……有關系；與……有親戚關系
She is connected with the Smiths.她與史密斯家有親戚關系。
對比：join…to…
Every family is joined to the world by Internet.每個家庭由網絡與世界聯系在一起。connect vt.;vi.連接；聯系。
①He connected the two speakers to(with)the recorder.他把兩個喇叭同錄音機相連。
②Many people connect China with the Great Wall.許多人把中國與長城聯系在一起。consider用法小結
consider是個很常用的動詞，其意義不同，句型結構也不同。我們在學習中要特別注意。
（1）作“仔細考慮、深思熟慮”解，consider可作不及物動詞或及物動詞。
作及動詞時，后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語，不能接動詞不定式，但可以接疑問詞+不定式，相當于賓語從句。例如：
Consider carefully before you decide.你要慎重考慮后再做決定。
They considered your suggestion.他們仔細考慮了你的建議。
He is considering studying abroad.他在考慮出國留學。
We are considering how to help them.我們在考慮如何幫助他們。
（2）作“將……視為、認為、以為”解。
①可用consider+名詞+（to be）名詞（形容詞）或consider+名詞+as+名詞（形容詞）結構，但當不定式為行為動詞時，不能省略，不可用于進行時。這樣用時相當于that引導賓語從句。例如：
He considers himself(to be)clever(=as clever).=He considers that he is clever.他認為自己很聰明。I consider him(to be)my closest friend(as my closest friend).=I consider(that)he is my closest friend.我把他視為我最親密的朋友。
He is considered to have invented the first computer.他被認為是最早發明計算機的人。②還可用于consider+it(形式賓語)+形容詞+不定式結構。例如：
I consider it wrong for students to smoke.我認為學生抽煙是不對的。consider的用法：①You should consider the question.你應該考慮這個問題。②跟從句
He began to consider when he would get married他開始考慮什么時侯結婚的事情。③跟疑問詞 + to do sth.He is considering how to get there in time.他正想怎么能及時趕到那兒。④跟動名詞
Who considers answering the question?誰正在考慮回答這個問題？ ⑤為……著想
He always considers others before himself他常先為別人著想。
⑥名詞為：consideration(不可數)
take sth.into consideration把……考慮在內
If you want to go on holidays in Beijing,you should take the cost into consideration.如果想到北京去度假，你應該考慮費用問題。content
(1)n.內容；目錄
He always reads the contents of a book first of all.他讀書總是先從目錄看起。（2）adj.滿足的；甘心的
Are you content with your work?你對你的工作滿意嗎？
（3）vt.使（某人）滿足。
The little boy contented himself with a new toy.那男孩有了新玩具就滿足了。continue v.繼續
They rain continued for three days.雨連續了3天。They continued their game after lunch.他們午飯后繼續比賽。
He continued writing /to write late into the night.他繼續寫作到深夜。
The weather continued cold.天氣持續寒冷。cover蓋上；掩蓋；占據（時間）（空間），走過（路程）；采訪。
①My mother covered the baby with a blanket.②She tried to cover the fact that she had been to the place.高考英語復習知識點概要
③I’m covering the accident.create;invent;discover 三者含義相近，但用法不同：（1）create“創造、創作”，指產生出新的東西，其對象往往是精神上的，如藝術、文學作品中的人物及新的科學領域等。例如：
Shakespeare created many famous characters.莎士比亞創造了許多有名的人物。（2）invent“發明”，指創造出原來自然界不存在的東西，如工具、方法、手段、燈泡、汽車、電視、合成材料等。例如：
who invented the telephone?誰發明了電話？
He invented a new teaching method.他發明了一種的教學方法。
（3）discover指“發現或找到”某種自然界本來已存在，但以前未被人類發現或認識的事物，如發現元素、電、煤、石油、鐵等礦藏以及新星、星系或科學真理等。例如：
I discovered an unopened letter in the drawer.我在抽屜里發現了一封未拆的信。crowd crowd 可用作名詞，表示“人群，群”；用作動詞，表示“群集，擁擠”。如: a crowd of children一群孩子；crowds of books 成堆的書；a cheering crowd 歡呼的人群；crowd into 擠進；crowd in 擁入；crowd round圍在……的周圍；a crowded city/train擁擠的城市/火車；be crowded with 擠滿、塞滿 [應用]漢譯英
①很多村民從大門擁入，院子里很擠。②大廳里擠滿了學生。
Key:①Many villagers crowded in through the gate and the yard was crowded.②The hall was crowded with students.cut短語歸納 1）用作動詞： get one’s hair cut理發；cut a loaf of bread in two 把一塊面包一切為二；cut a figure in stone 雕刻石像；cut the price 降價；cut the article 刪節文章；cut down trees 伐樹；cut down on smoking減少吸煙；cut in 插嘴，插入，cut in with a few words插嘴講幾句話；cut off a corner切掉一角；cut off electricity切斷電源；cut off three sentences刪去三個句子；cut out切掉，刪掉;cut out the last part of the play把劇本的最后一部分刪掉；cut…open切開。
2)用作名詞：the cuts on one’s arms 臂上的傷口：make big cuts削減，降價 [應用]介、副詞填空 ①Big cuts have been made____the prices of medicine.②The strong wind cut_____the electricity of the whole city.③The chairman spoke so fast that nobody could cut____.④All the trees were cut_____.They will have to answer for their foolish action Key:①in ②off ③in ④down date back to / date from
追溯到（某個時期），起始于（某個時期），從……時候就存在
The tower dates back to 1173.這座塔起始于1173年。
The old church dates from the first century A.d.這座古老的教堂起始于公元1世紀。
My interest in stamp collecting dates from my schooldays.從學生時代起，我對集郵就開始感興趣。day by day一天天地
day after day日復一日，一天又一天
①Day by day he seems to grow a little stronger.②I have to do this work day after day.deal with,do with
1)二者都可表示“對付，應付，處理，安排”，但deal是不及物動詞，可與how連用；而do是及物動詞，只與what連用表示上述意義，不能單獨使用。對比：We don’t know what to do with the waste materials./We don’t know how to deal with the waste materials.我們不知道怎樣處理這此廢料。
What’s the best way of dealing with thieves? 對付小偷最好的辦法是什么？
（此句中的deal with不可替換成do with）2)deal with還可表示“論述，涉及到；與……相處”等意義，而do with 無此用法。如：
The books dealing with Asian problems sell well in colleges.論述亞洲問題的書在大學里很暢銷。That man is easy to deal with.這個人容易相處。[應用]完成句子
①你是怎么處理這類事情的？
_________did you deal with matters of this sort? What did you ________ _________matters of this sort?
②我們要處理的棘手事太多了。
There are too many difficulties for us to _________ ______.Key:①How/ do,with ②deal, with
高考英語復習知識點概要
delight
to one’s delight
該詞組意為“使某人高興”，還可以表達為“to the delight of sb.”。
能這樣表達的還有to one’s joy,to one’s surprise,to one’s sorrow等。如：
To my shame, I completely forgot our date.demand ①當可數名詞“要求”用
We refused his unreasonable demands.我們拒絕了他的無理要求。②當不可數名詞用
There is a great demand for typists but(a)poor demand for clerks.打字員很搶手但是辦公室職員幾乎沒人需要。③當動詞用：demand+名詞、代詞、從句或to do sth.如：
They demanded the right to do things they like.他們要求有做自己喜歡做的事情的權力。
The lady demanded to see our headmaster.那個女士要求見校長。
He demanded that we(should)try to finish our work on time.他要求我們按時完工。
賓語從句用虛擬語氣形式，主+should+動原…… ④demand問
“How old are you?”he demanded.他問我“你多大啦？”
depend on(=rely on)依靠；依賴；以……而定；取決于……。如：
①Whether you will succeed or not depends on how hard you
work.你是否成功得看你努力的程度。
②I don’t want to depend on my parents any longer.我不想再依賴父母了。
destroy t.毀壞；破壞；毀滅。
①Don’t destroy the box.It may be useful.不要弄壞這個盒子，可能還有用。
②The whole building was badly desdtroyed by the fire.整幢樓房都被大火嚴重燒毀了。determine v.（1）決心、決定，其后可接動詞不定式、從句或on引導的短語。如：
We determined to get the work done before October 1.我們決定在“十一”之前完成這項工作。She determined to go that very afternoon.Have you determined where you’re going to spend the summer vocaion?你決定在哪兒過暑假了嗎？ They determined on an early start.他們決定早動身。He has determined on going home next week.他決定下周回家。（2）使……決意，后接不定式或介詞短語作賓補。如：
What determined you to accept the invitation?什么原因使你接受這個請帖？
The situation determined him against further delay.形勢使他決定不再拖延。
（3）be determined(to do sth.)下定決心；有決心，后接不定式或從句。如：
He was determined to study English well.他下決心把英語學好。
I was determined not to follow their advice.We were determined that we should never allow such things to happen again.我們決定絕不允許這類事情再次發生。
（注意從句運動用should + 動詞原形）] determine to do sth.決定（心）做……
I left him,determined never to set foot in that house again.devote…to…把……獻給，把……用在 devote oneself to…致力于，獻身于
be devoted to…專心致志于，獻身于，忠于 ①Mary devotes too much time to eating.②He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.③He devoted himself entirely to music.④He was still devoted to the study of chemistry.⑤He is very devoted to his wife.die out 熄滅；絕種；逐漸消失。如： ①The fire died out.火滅了。②That talkative man’s voice died out.那個健談的人的聲音漸漸地聽不見了。
2.the + 形容詞（分詞）表示一類人的用法。常見的短語有：
the old(young;rich;poor;learned;living…).如： The living should carry out what the dead unfinished.活著的人（后人）應該把前人未競事業進行到底。3.no more than①(=noly)僅僅，不過。②兩者都不。如：
①What can I do, I’m no more than a citizen.我能怎么樣，我只不過是個平民百姓。
②Tom is no cleverer than Jack.湯姆和杰克都不聰明。
但是：not more than 表示A 不如B（……）或不超過。如；
①My English is not better than yours.我的英語不如你的好。
高考英語復習知識點概要
②I think you are not more than twenty years old.我想你不滿二十歲吧。diet;food 兩者都可作“食物”解。diet指的是習慣上吃的食物或規定要吃的食物，特指維持健康的定量或定質的食物，如病人的療養飲食。food是一般用語。凡能吃喝的具有營養的東西都可稱food.例如： The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world。中國的飲食被認是世界上最健康的飲食。
Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.適當的飲食和鍛煉對健康都很重要。
He is on a special diet to lose weight.他服用特別飲食以減肥。
The doctor put him on a liquid diet after operation.手術之后醫生規定他吃流食。
They eat different kinds of food which change into energy.他們吃的各種各樣的食物都轉化成能量。His food includes eggs, vegetables, fruit and some soft drinks.他的食物包括雞蛋、蔬菜、水果和一些軟飲料。
dip into 蘸進；隨便翻閱；稍稍研究
I haven’t read that book properly.I’ve only dipped into it.我沒有好好讀那本書，僅隨便翻閱一下。
I’ve only dipped into politics.我對政治研究不深。discover discover sth.發現某物；discover oneself暴露自己的身份；discover sb.doing sth.發現某人在做某事;discover sb./sth.to be…發現某人（物）……；discover + that 從句發現……常用搭配：discover one’s mistake/an island/the truth發現自己的錯誤/一座島/事實的真相 [應用]完成句子
①我們發現他是一位出色的舞蹈家。
We ____her _____ ____ a good dancer./We _____ that_____ ____a good dancer.②有人發現她在偷東西。
Someone ______ ______ ______ things./Someone discovered that ______ ______stealing things.Key:①discovered，to, be/discovered, she, was ②discovered,her,stealing/she,was distance n.距離；遠處
When they finish their talk, the two may be quite a distance from the place where they were standing.當談話結束時，兩個人離他們原來站的地方可能有相當一段距離了。
The waterfall can be heard at a distance of two miles.在兩英里外就能聽到這瀑布聲。
Hills are blue in the distance.遠處的山呈藍色。The lion looks dangerous, so I decide to keep a distance away from it.獅子看起來很危險，所以我決定離它遠點兒。
What’s the distance between Beijing and Shanghai? 北京到上海之間的距離是多少？ disturb,interrupt
disturb有“打擾，擾亂，使（人）心神不寧”之意。如：disturb the sleeping child/one’s plan/the piblic peace 打擾睡覺的孩子/打亂計劃/擾亂社會治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影響；be disturbed about 對……感到不妥。
對比：interrupt 有“打斷，打擾”之意，側重打斷。如：Don’t interrupt me while I’m busy.我忙的時候不要打擾我。[應用]完成句子
①她獲悉母親得急病后感到心神不安。
She was________ ________ her mother’s sudden illness./She
was________ _______hear of her mother’s sudden illness./She was________ ________ the news of her mother’s sudden illness.②不要打斷那位演講者，他講完再問你的問題。Don’t _________ the speaker;ask your question after the meeting.Key:①disturbed, about/disturbed,to/disturbed, by
②interrupt
do all sb.can to do sth.:do what sb.can to do sth.盡某人的所能做某事
all 后面為that 所引導的定語從句，that在從句中作賓語已被省略；can后面為避免重復省略了do;后面的to do sth.為不定式（短語）作目的狀語。all(that)sb.can(do)相當于賓語從句what sb.can(do)。①I’ll do all I can to help you.我將盡力幫助你。②He did all he could to improve his spoken English.他盡了最大努力來提高英語口語水平。Do give her my regards.請一定代我她問好。
助動詞 do 及其變化形式可在肯定句中用來強調動詞，意為“務必；一定；的確；真的”,加強了句子的語氣。
①Do be careful!一定要小心
② I do like you.我真的喜歡你。
高考英語復習知識點概要
③She does work very hard.她學習確實很努力。④—Why didn’t you tell him?你為什么不告訴他？ —I did tell him.我告訴他了。
do sb.a favour或do a favour for sb.給某人幫個忙，如果有to do sth.則常用。do sb.the favour to do sth.如：
①I wonder if you can do me a favour?我不知道你能不能幫我個忙？（沒有說干何事）
②Please do me the favour to open the door, I want to go out.麻煩你給我開一下門，我要出去。do up 收拾（東西）。整理、梳裝打扮、系（扣）好……
①He was so hurried that he did up his buttons wrongly.他太著急了以致于扣錯了紐扣。
②She spent a long time doing up her hair.她花了很長時間把頭盤起來。Do you think so? ①“so”用于避免重復前面所說過的內容，等于代替肯定的名詞性從句，可與believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose, think等及It appear…,It seems和I’m afraid連用。“Will they go to see him?”
“I believe so.(?I believe[that]they will go to see him.)”
②表示否定時，用not代替so,但在believe,suppose,think等動詞之后，如I don’t think(believe,suppose)so等，通常仍可與so連用。③不能和表示確信、疑問的詞語連用。I doubt about it.(√)I doubt so.(×)do walking 步行。“do + 動名詞”結構表示“干某事，有較靈活的譯法。
do reading(讀書)/washing(洗衣服)/cooking(做飯)/shopping(買東西)/cleaning(打掃除)等。Do what I told you to.Don’t be late again.Make sure the door is shut.讓對方做或不做某事時 dozens of幾十；許多。
①She bought dozens of dresses.她買了許多衣服。②I’ve borrowed dozens of books for my daughter.我為女兒借了許多書。doubt v.& n.懷疑，不相信 n.of…對……（抱）懷疑或悲觀（態度）
doubt
從句在否定句及疑問句中多跟that
引起的從句，在肯定句中多跟
whether(if)引起的從句。
①I doubt the truth of this report.②They have never doubted of success.③I don’t doubt that you are honest.④Can you doubt that he will win? ⑤I doubt if that was what he wanted.該詞作名詞時有以下短語
beyond(all)doubt毫無疑問；in doubt懷疑，猶豫，不肯定；no doubt肯定地，想必；without doubt毫無疑問，一定地
①The truth of the story is beyond doubt.②I was in doubt about what to do.③No doubt I learned a lot from that lecture.④Without doubt these theories were all wrong.dream vi.做夢，迫切希望
As he slept, he dreamed a dream.他睡覺時做了一個夢。
W e dream of peace.我們夢想和平。
拓展：dream a pleasant/sweet/horrible dream 做好夢/甜夢/噩夢
live a happy/quiet/hard/normal life 過幸福/平靜/艱苦/正常的生活
die a glorious death死得光榮
Do you dream at night?你晚上做夢嗎？ dream of……多用于否定句中，“做夢也沒想到，從未想到過”
I never dream of getting so much money.我從未幻想過得到這么多錢。Dream+從句
We never dreamed that the film was so long.我們怎么也沒想到這部電影這么長。dream of迫切希望、渴望。
People all over the world are dreaming of peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。
dreamy(adj.)模糊的，夢幻般的
I don’t believe your dreamy words.我不信你的夢語。
動詞 + about
read about讀到有關的內容；know about了解；learn about得知有關……；hear about 聽說過；forget about 忘記有關……；talk about 談論；argue about爭論；chat about閑談；tell about講述有關……；think about考慮；write about寫有關的……；joke about拿……開玩笑；worry about為……擔心。[應用]漢譯英
①我已在報紙上讀到了有關這次事故的情況。②這件事我幾乎忘了。
高考英語復習知識點概要
Key:①I’ve read about the accident in the newspaper.②I almost forget about this matter.動詞+at 動詞+at, 其中的at多表示“目標，方向”。如： shout at朝……喊；laugh at 嘲笑；throw at 朝……扔；shoot at朝……射擊；point at指著；aim at瞄準；call at拜訪；stare at盯著；glance at一瞥；take a look at 看一眼；pull at 拉，扯；arrive at到達；come at 朝……起來；tear at撕，扯 [應用]完成句子
①別對那孩子大聲嚷嚷，你嚇壞她了。
Don’t ________ ________ the girl.You frightened her.②他被朋友們嘲笑了。
He _________ _________ _________ by his friends.Key:①shout, at
②was, laughed, at 動詞不定式的省略 為了避免重復，我們常常把作賓語、賓補和謂語動詞的一部分的不定式省略，只保留動詞不定式的符號to。現將常見省略不定式的幾種情況通過實例加以簡析，供大家參考：
(1)—How about coming to my house? —I’d love to if it doesn’t give you so much trouble.在hope, like, love, promise, want, wish等詞后作賓語的不定式常省略。再如： You may go if you want to.She can get a job if she hopes to.—How about going hunting with me tomorrow? —I’d like to, but I have no time.（2）Don’t close the window until I ask you to.在allow, ask, tell 等詞后作賓語補足語的不定式常省略。再如：
Don’t touch the light unless your mother allows you to.Don’t plant potatoes until the peasant tells you to.（3）He didn’t want to hand in his composition, but he had to.在be able to, be going to, have to, need to, enough to, used to等后的不定式需省略。再如： I don’t sing much, now, but I used to a lot.If you don’t want to say anything at the meeting, you don’t need to.She didn’t go out last night, because she was afraid to.在afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry等詞后作狀語的不定式常省略。再如：—Will you go with me to see the film tonight? —I’ll be glad to.動詞 + off短語
fly off 飛走；go off 離開；take off 脫下，起飛；run off 跑開；fall off 掉下；turn off 關上；get off 下來；drive off 駛離；hurry off 匆忙離開；keep off 離開，勿靠近；pay off 還清（債）put off 推遲；send off驅逐；set off 出發，動身；throw off 扔掉，匆忙脫衣；ring off 掛斷電話； [應用]完成句子
①此處很危險，讓孩子們離開。
It’s dangerous here.______ ______ the children.②火車剛到，一大群人正在下車。
The train has just come in, with crowds of people_____ ______it.Key:①keep ,off ②getting, off 動詞 + up
go up(物價等)上漲，上升；build(up)one’s health使身體強壯；turn up 出席，到場，開大音量；divide up 分配；分給；set up 建立；come up走近，發芽；pick up 拾起，用車接，收聽（節目）;send up發射；get up 起床；grow up 長大；look up仰望，查閱；eat up 吃光；drink up喝光；use up用光；stay/sit up熬夜；give up放棄；take up占空間，從事，開始干；keep up保持，繼續；put up舉起，建起；hang up掛起來；hold up舉起；join up 連接起來；rise up奮起反抗；move up向前移動；lift up扶起;do up包，捆；hurry up趕快；call up 打電話；break up拆散，破裂;make up組成，化妝，編造；bring up撫養大；dress up打扮；add up加起來；warm up變暖，熱身。[應用]完成句子
①物價在天天上漲。
Prices are_____ _____ day after day.②衣服常常掛在火爐附近。
The clothes are often_______ ______ near a fire.③媽媽的把孩子扶起來，領走了。
The mother_____ the baby______ and took him away.④他到鄉下呆了一段時間，身體好了起來。
He went and stayed in the countryside for a period of time and _____ ______ ______ _______.Key: ①going, up②hung, up③lifted, up④built, up, his, health drop用法歸納
drop可用作名詞“滴”；用作不及物動詞“掉下，滴下”；用作及物動詞“使掉（滴）下”。如： a drop of blood一滴血；drop by rop/in drops一滴一滴地；drop from the tree從樹上掉下來；drop to the ground 落在地上；drop the letter into the mailbox
高考英語復習知識點概要
把信投進信箱；drop a handkerchief/stone掉下手帕/石頭
習語：drop in 順便拜訪；drop in on sb.順便走訪某人；drop in at his school順便拜訪他的學校。[應用]完成句子
①我看見一個蘋果從樹上掉下來。I saw an apple______ _______ the tree.②他們這樣做是搬起石頭咂自己的腳。
In doing so they are lifting a rock to _______ ________on their feet.③你路過的話，千萬要來。
Do _______ _______ if you happen to be passing.Key: ①drop,from
②drop, it
③drop, in
due to , be due to
be due(to)有“應付給，應到的，預期的”之意，多用作表語，to不定式符號；而due to表示“由于，起因于”時，to是介詞，相當于because of。如： The train is due to arrive at 12.火車應于12點到。When is the ship due?船預定何時到？
The accident was due to careless driving車禍是粗心駕車引起的。[應用]完成句子
①那項計劃由于資金不足而失敗。
The program failed ________ _________lack of money.②希爾先生預定明天演講兩次。
Mr Hill_________ _________ ________ lecture twice tomorrow.Key:①due,to
②is ,due, to earn v.賺；得到
①earn n.②earn sb.sth
③earn one’s living He earns $10,000 a year.他一年賺10,000英鎊。His honesty earned him great respect.他因誠實而博得人們的尊敬。
She earned her living by singing in a nightclub.她靠在夜總會唱歌謀生。earn, gain, win ,get 四個詞均有“得到”之意，但earn指經過艱苦努力所得到的報償，意為“賺得”；gain指作出很大努力而“獲得”，所得東西常有一定價值；get是普通詞，指不一定需要努力就能“得到”；win意為“贏得”，含有取勝一方具有優越條件而能克服障礙之意。這四個詞有時可通用。[應用]英譯漢
①earn much money/a prize/one’s living ②gain a victory/experience/the first prize/ten dollars/a living/success/the battle/a doctor’s degree ③get one’s help/full marks Key: ①掙得很多錢/獲獎/謀生
②獲勝/取得經驗/獲得一等獎/賺10美元/謀生/獲得成功/贏得戰斗/獲博士學位 ③得到某人的幫助/得滿分
earn one’s living,make one’s living 謀生，掙錢過活。
The professor earns his living by teaching at a language school.eat up 吃光；吃掉。
He was so hungry that he ate up all the cakes and none was left.他太餓了，把所有的蛋糕都吃完了，一點也沒剩。類似的短語還有：drink up喝光；喝凈。/burn up 燒完；燒掉。/use up 用完；用盡。/clean up打掃干凈。effect
have effect on 對……有影響，相當于affect： It has had such a bad effect on him.effort短語歸納
make the greatest effort 做最大努力；make great efforts盡最大努力；make a special effort作出特殊努力；make an effort to do sth.努力做某事；make every effort to help you盡力幫助你;make one last effort作最后的努力；make no effort不努力；spare no efforts to do sth.不遺余力去做某事;with(an)effort艱難地；without effort輕而易舉地；in an effort努力。[應用]完成句子
①他身體很強壯，可以輕易地提起那個重箱子。He is strong enough to lift the heavy box _________.②我們會不遺余力地阻止他們采取這一步驟。We will ________ _______ _______to prevent them from takingthis step.③他艱難地游泳，為的是救出那個孩子。
He swam with difficulty________ _________ _______ ________ save the boy.④我不會努力去幫助這樣的人。
I’ll ________ _________ _______ to help such a person.Key:①without,effout
②spare, to ,efforts
③in, an, effort, to
④make, no, efforts make efforts to do sth.努力（盡力）干…… make an effort(at)盡力，努力……
高考英語復習知識點概要
spare no effort不遺余力
I made every effort to get it(at getting it)end up 結果，結束
He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm.他以職員開始而最后成為公司的主管。
The party ended up with a song.晚會以一首歌曲結束。
If you continue to drive so carelessly, you’ll end up in hospital.如果你繼續這樣不小心開車，你會進醫院的。
對比：end指完結或終止，為意義最單純的用語； close指把已開始的事物像關閉似的加以結束； finish尤指最后的修飾工作，或把已經做的加以完成；
complete指把不完美的各點或有缺陷的部分加以補充完成。
Let’s end the discussion.The meeting was closed by the chairman’s speech.Try to finish your homework before 9 o’clock.Have you completed your new programme? escape（1）vi.逃走；vt.逃避
The soldier managed to escape by running into the woods.那個士兵進樹林逃掉了。
You were lucky enough to escape punishment / being punished.你很幸運逃脫了懲罰。
(2)n.[c]逃脫，逃亡
have a narrow escape 九死一生，死里逃生 exam;exmination;test;quiz examination通常只指正式的“考試”，如期末考試、入學考試等。exam是examination的縮寫，常用于口語，多為學生使用。test為“小考”成“考查”,quiz為“測驗”,特指事先無準備，隨時進行的測驗，也可指（廣播節目中的）一般知識測驗、問答比賽、猜謎等。例如：
He did very well in the entrance examination.他在入學考試中成績很好。
There’s going to be a physics test this afternoon.今天下午將進行物理考試。
The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老師對我們進行了一次五分鐘的小測驗。example;pattern;model pattern“型、式樣、圖樣”可指供模仿的某物原型或精心設計出的圖樣或模型，也可指榜樣。如： Can you use the sentence pattern?他會用這個句型嗎？ She is a pattern for us.她是我們學習的典范。model“模型、模范”，指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。如：
Have you seen his model ship?你看見過他的船模嗎？
example “例子、榜樣”,主要指人及其行為和活動被他人信效。如：
Example is better than precept.身教重于言教。except;besides;except for+名詞/except that+句子用法區別。
except 相當于but,表示“除了……以外（不包括在內）”，常與all, nobody,everything,everybody, nowhere等表示整體概念的詞連用。besides相當于apart from，表示“除……以外（尚有）”之義。except for.../except that...表示“除了……”之意，引述一個相反的原因或細節，因而部分地修正了句中的主要意思。如：Your article is well written except for some grammar mistakes.你的文章寫得好，只是有幾處語法錯誤。
excuse, pardon,forgive excuse“原諒，寬恕”，語氣較輕，指對輕微的冒犯、失禮等的原諒；pardon用于正式場合時意為“赦免”，也有“原諒，對不起”之意，語氣最重；forgive指免除某人犯錯誤或違法承擔的后果，或不追究其應受責備的行為。三個詞都常與for連用，表示“原諒某人……”。[應用]漢譯英
①請原諒我遲到了。
②我永遠不會原諒你昨天晚上說過的話。Key:①Please excuse we for being late.②The court pardoned the man who had broken the law for a certain reason.③I’ll never orgive you for what you said to me last night.expect, wait
二者均有“等待”之意，但有不同。expect側重心理狀態，因而可譯為“期待，期盼”，是及物動詞；而wait指行動，有“不干別的事專門等”之意，是不及物動詞。對比：
They are busy with prepartions, expecting the foreign guests.他們忙著準準備，期待著外賓的到來。Holding little flags, the children are waiting for the foreign guests.孩子們手拿小旗，在等待外賓的到來。
[應用]完成句子
①她很久沒有兒子的消息了，因而期待著他的電話。
She hasn’t heard from her son for a long time, so she
高考英語復習知識點概要
_______ telephones from him.②他正等著要和你說句話。
He ________ ________ to have a word with you.Key:①expects
②is ,waiting expert
n.專家，能手
adj.精通的 ①an expert on … 一名……方面的專家 ②be expert at/in doing sth.于……很內行
an expert on computer science 計算機方面的專家 She’s expert at/in looking after babies.她對于照料嬰兒很內行。
explain t.說明；解釋；講解。
①He explained why he was late.他說明了遲到的原因。
②Please explain this exercise to me.請把這個練習給我講一講。
express one’s satisfaction with對……表示滿意 be satisfied with對……感到滿意
The officials expressed their satisfaction with the preparation for the exhibition.fall短語歸納
fall from a tree從樹上掉下來；fall off a table從桌子上落下；
fall out of bed 從床上跌下來；fall asleep入睡；fall ill病倒；fall behind落后；fall in love with sb.愛上某人；fall to pieces倒塌，垮臺，崩潰，解體；fall into the water跌進水中；fall down 倒下；fall onto the ground掉（倒）在地上；have many falls 跌下許多跤；in the fall在秋季。[應用]完成句子
①那個孩子從墻上掉下來傷著了右腿。
The boy____ ____the wall and hurt his right leg.②他不想在學習上落后于別人。
He didn’t want to _____ ____others in his studies.Key:①fell,off ②fall,behind fall ill 生病，得病
①Tom is absent,for he has fallen ill.②John was caught in the storm and he fell ill.fall over意為“跌倒”，“跌跤”。如：
When he was skating, he fell over some times.fall to pieces 該短語意為“垮臺”，“崩潰”，“倒塌”，“解體”。如：
①Most buildings fell to pieces in the earthquake in this city.②Most organizations fell to pieces after political reform.far below + n.該詞組意為“遠遠低于”，“比……低得多”，其中far是副詞，用以加強語氣。如：
The production of this factory was far below the normal level last year.far from:不僅僅，遠不是（跟動名詞、形容詞、名詞或代詞）。如：
①Far being slow, they are actually fast enough.他們一點也不慢，相反非常迅速。
②It’s far from perpect.它還很不完美。另外：由far引出的短語 ①go far(物)經用、時間長
This food can’t go far.這些東西不夠吃。②so far:到目前為止、到…程度（地步）
I can only tell you so far.我只能給你說到這一步。③as far as就……而言、從……來看、盡……所能、只要……、一直查到某地
As far as I know, he will not come.據我所知，他不會來啦。
You should stick to your opinion as far as it is reasonable.只要你有理，就應該堅持。We walked as far as the church.我們一直走到教堂跟前。
feed vt.喂養；以……為。常用結構： feed…with/on sth.feed sth.to
①She feeds her baby with /on cow’s milk./she feeds cow’s milk to her baby.她用牛奶喂孩子。
②I feed my cat with/on fish./I feed fish to my cat.我用魚喂貓。
另外：feed(vi.)on 相當于live on , 意為“以……為主食”。
Sheep feed mainly on grass.羊以草為主食。fight against;fight for
feed…on…以……飼養（動物）feed on(動物)以……為食
feed…to…喂（動物）……當飼料。feed a dog on meat
以肉飼養狗 feed meet to a dog
Cows feed on hay during winter.feel like…想（做某事）；愿意。
I feel like going to a museum.我想去博物館。
I feel like a drink.Have you got any beer?我想喝點東西，你倆有啤酒嗎？
fight with,fight against意為“為反對……而戰、與……作斗爭”,against 后面接的是反對的對象，如：
They are fighting against their enemy.他們在與敵人作戰。
高考英語復習知識點概要
Political leaders fought against slavery.政治領導們為了反對奴隸制度而斗爭。
fight for 意為“為爭取……而斗爭、因為……而打架”。如：
Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.兩只狗為搶一塊骨頭而打架，另一只狗把骨頭叼走了。
fight with意為“同……（一起并肩）作戰、與……作戰”，它含有兩重意思，試比較：
They fought with the Italian in the last war.他們在最后的這次戰爭中是與意大利人作戰。
They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次戰爭中，他們和意大利聯合作戰反對法國。
figure;shape;form
這組名詞都有“形狀”的意思。
shape 著重指人或物等的比較具體的整個外形，不太正式；form指有實體結構和看得見的某種特殊形狀或是抽象的形式；figure指物時，側重指輪廊，指人時，著重指姿態。如：
Coins may be of different sizes,weights, shapes, and of diff-erent metals.硬幣可能大小、輕重、形狀不同，鑄造的金屬也可能不一樣。
The shape of Italy is like a leg.意大利國的形狀像一條腿。
Change these sentences into the Present Perfect Passive,putting the verbs into the correct forms.用動詞的正確形式將下面的句子變成現在完成時的被動語態。
Ice,snow and steam are forms of water.冰、雪、蒸氣是水的幾種形態。
You can see the tall stone figures and visit the temples of the gods.你可以看到那些高大的石雕像，參觀那些神殿。
這組名詞也可當動詞用，shape意為“使什么東西具有某種具體的外 形”，常有“塑造”等具體意義；form指通過協商、組織等形成某種習慣、計劃或組織等，一般相當于“形成”;figure通常指象征某事物。find
(1)vt.發現，發覺
She found a wallet lying on the ground.她發現地上有個錢包。
We found her still asleep.我們發現她還在睡覺。
He found her left behind.他發現她被落在后面。
(2)n.發現，發現物（尤指貴重或悅人的）
I made a great find in a second-hand bookshop yesterday.昨天在舊書店里我有重大發現。
對比：find多指偶然發現，碰見；后可接名詞、復合結構或從句。find out指通過觀察、探索而發現事實的真相、真情，通過調查找出原因，或發現秘密、錯誤等；一般接名詞、代詞或從句。discover指發現客觀事物的存在，發現已存在而不為人知的事情；多用于好的事物。
Have you found the book you have been looking for?
你一直找的書找到了嗎？
Have you found out why he was late?
你弄清他為什么遲到嗎？
Columbus discovered America.哥倫布發現了美洲。
find one’s way（to）找到；設法找到去……的路
Can you find your way to the post office? 你能找到去郵局的路嗎？
Rivers find their way to the sea.條條江河通大海。
拓展：make one’s way非常困難地前進
feel one’s way 摸索著前進
force / fight one’s way突破……而前進
push one’s way排開……而前進 fine adj./adv./n./v.(1)adj.美好的，天氣晴朗的，（身體）好的，細的
It’s fine today.今天天氣很晴朗。
What a fine view it is!多么美麗的風景！
—How are you？ —你好嗎？
—Fine, thank you.—很好，謝謝！（不可用于否定句及疑問句）First there was a fine rain but then it rained heavily.開始是毛毛細雨，接著就下大了(2)adv.很好
Everything went fine.一切順利
(3)[c]罰金a traffic violation fine違反交通規則罰款(4)v.處罰金
If you make such a mistake again, you’ll get fined.如果你再犯這樣的錯誤，你就會挨罰。短語：fine and 非常，極（強調后面所接的形容詞）one fine day/morning有朝一日
first of all 指按時間，順序等處于第一位的，如： 例：First of all let me say how glad I’m to be here.首先我要說我來到這兒是多么高興。
高考英語復習知識點概要
I’m interested in coins ,but first of all I’m a stamp collector.我對硬幣感興趣，但我首先是個集郵的。比較：first與at first first 譯為“首先/，是從動作的先后角度來考慮的。”如：
Before we go , I must first change my clothes.走之前我得先換衣服。
at first意為“起初/，含有后來不這樣了的意思。”如：
At first I didn’t like him ,but now I do.起初我不喜歡他，但現在喜歡了。
for the first time 意為“第一次”。如：
It was there that they met for the first time.正是在那兒他們第一次見了面。fit ①be fit for適合于
This job is fit for you.這份工作適合你干。②主語+be + fit + to do sth.如：
Nobody is fit to take his place.沒有合適的人接替他。
③（物，衣物之類）+fit+sb.表示衣帽之類適合某人，合身。
The shirt does not fit me well.這件襯衫不太合我的身。
fix vt.安排；修理；準備；安裝；固定
We have fixed the time and date of the party.我們已經確定了聚會的日期和具體時間。
Something has gone wrong with my tape-recorder.I must have it fixed.我的錄音機壞了，我得請人修一下。
Mother decided to fix them something to eat.母親決定給他們準備點吃的。
It’s not polite to fix your eyes on others.盯著別人看是不禮貌的。
It is necessary for a child to form the habit of fixing his attention on/ upon what he is doing.孩子養成專心做事情的習慣是很有必要的。fix a date 確定日期 fix a time確定時間 fix a place確定場所 fix vt.決定，確定 fix+n./wh-/to do sth.My uncle is fixing to set up a company.fix up vt.搭起、安裝，修理，安排（住宿等），提供，We must fix the house up before we move into it.Flash in a flash
該介賓詞組意為“轉眼間”，“突然間”，“瞬間。”如：
In a flash.I realized where we had met before.fly
(1)vt.飛躍 +地點或距離作賓語：駕駛（飛機）；（用飛機）運送；放（風箏）
fly the Atlantic / the English Channe/ a distance of 2000 km
飛躍大西洋/英吉利海峽/2000公里的距離
Supplies of food have been flown to the refugees.補給的糧食空運給那些難民。
The children are flying their kites.孩子們在放風箏。
(2)vi.飛，飛行，飛跑
Time flies like an arrow.光陰似箭。
The little girl flew to her grandmother.這女孩向她奶奶飛跑過去。
(3)n.蒼蠅
butter（奶油）+fly（蒼蠅）=butterfly（蝴蝶）
dragon（龍）+fly（蒼蠅）=dragonfly（蜻蜓）
fire（火）+fly（蒼蠅）= firefly（螢火蟲）（=lighting-bug,美語）follow t.(1)跟隨；跟著。
We followed the professor into the lab.我們跟著教授走進了實驗室。(2)聽懂；理解。
Would you please say it again? I can’t follow you.請再說一遍好嗎?我沒聽懂。
4.know about/of : have information concerning 聽說（關于……的事情）；知道；了解。
Know vt.: have in mind as the result of experience or because one has learned 認識，知道。
①I don’t know the writer , but I know about him.我不認識那位作家，但我聽說過他。
②I know him ,but I don’t know about him.我認識他，但我并不了解他。
for a start/to start with首先，第一點
You have no right to be here, to start with.首先，你無權在此。
It won’t work：for a start, we don’t have so much money and secondly we cannot get the permission.高考英語復習知識點概要
那不行，首先我們沒那么多錢，其次我們不能被批準。
for example / such as for emample 用來舉例說明，例子通常是一個。它可放在所舉例子的前面，也可放在后面；such as 用來列舉事物，只能放在所列舉的事物的前面。另外，只列舉有代表性的事物，并不全部列出。如： Some students are often late for school, Li Ling ,for emample.有些學生上學經常遲到，例如李玲。He can speak several foreign languages, such as English, Janpanese，German and so on.他會說好幾種外語，比如英語、日語、德語等。
forbid(forbade, forbidden)①forbid sb.to do sth.如：
My mother forbids me to keep in touch with that boy.我媽不讓我與那個男孩交往。②forbid(one’s)doing sth.如： The law strictly forbids individual’s running business in some fields.法律嚴禁私人從事某些經營活動。③常用被動形式
Smoking is forbidden here.這兒不許抽煙。④表示“使……不可能，使……無法……”
The bad weather forbids a spring outing.壞天氣使我們無法春游。否定轉移
I/We think, believe,suppose, imagine接賓語從句時，通常否定主句謂語;但變反意問句時，卻必須和從句的人稱、謂語保持一致，而且要考慮主句中有無 not。如：I don’t think she is right,isn’t?/I believe that they will win the match, won’t they? [應用]漢譯英
①我猜今天夜里不會有雨。
②我們認為美國不會贊同我們的和平計劃。Key: ①I don’t suppose there will be rain this night.②We don’t think America will agree to our peace plan.form
in the form of 以……的形式呈現，prep.take the form of 以……形式呈現，vt.The cookies are all in the form of stars.?The cookies all take the form of stars.free adj.(1)空閑的；有空的。
Are you free tomorrow?明天你有空嗎？（2）免費的；無償的。
①Do you enjoy free medical care ?你享受免費醫療嗎？
②—Why are you so happy?你怎么那么高興？ —Because I got two free ticket.我免費弄到兩張票。
(3)自由的。
①The birds in the cage wish to be free.籠中之鳥盼望自由。
②You are free to say anything you want to at the meeting.會上你可以暢所欲言。freeze,freezing,frozen
freeze是動詞“結冰，凝固”；freezing可用作名詞“冰點”，用作形容詞“冰冷的”，用作副詞“極冷地”；frozen既是freeze的過去分詞形式，也可用作形容詞，表示“冷凍的”。對比：
Water freezes below freezing.冰點以下時水結冰。It was freezing cold that morning.那天早晨非常地冷。
The roads are frozen in places.路上多處結冰。[應用]英譯漢
①above/over freezing ②freezing weather ③be frozen to death
④give sb.a freezing cold ⑤freezing machine ⑥frozen meat
⑦I’m frozen,so I can’t write
⑧I’m freezing,so I’ve to put on a heavy coat.Key:
①零度以上
②很冷的天氣
③被凍死
④冷冷地看某人一眼
⑤制冷機
⑥凍肉
⑦我凍壞了，不能寫東西了。⑧我覺得冷極了，我得穿件厚大衣 frighten
用作動詞，frighten表示“嚇唬、使驚恐”。如： frighten the birds away 把鳥嚇跑；be frightened by 被……嚇壞；be frightened of sb./sth.害怕某人/物；be firghtened at因……而受到驚嚇；be frightened off away被嚇跑了；be frightened to dath被嚇死；frighten sb.into(doing)sth.嚇得某人做某事。
辨析：frightened, frightening:前者表示“感到恐懼、害怕”，后者表示“令人懼怕”。對比： frightened children嚇壞了孩子； frightening voice令人恐懼的聲音； her frightened look 她那恐懼的樣子（自己內心害怕所顯露出的表情）。her frightening look她那可怕的樣子（其樣子使別
高考英語復習知識點概要
人害怕）
[應用]完成句子
①那可怕的聲音使我非常恐懼.The _______ voice made me very ________.②他嚇得那個老太太簽署了那份文件。
He _______ the old lady _______ ________ the paper.③她看到蛇嚇壞了。
She________ ____________ the sight of a snake.④你怕老虎嗎？
Are you __________ ________ tigers? Key:①frightening , frightened
②frightened, into, signing ③was, frightened, at
④frightened, of “復合名詞”變復數的幾種形式
(1)由man和woman構成的復合名詞變復數時，兩個成分都要變。如：
a man doctor→men doctors男醫生
a woman driver→women drivers女司機
(2)由“名詞+名詞”以及“動名詞+名詞”構成的復合名詞，把復數詞尾放在一個名詞上。如： police officers 警官
boy-friends男朋友 match-boxes火柴盒
flower shops花店 frying pans平底鍋
(3)由“名詞+副詞”構成的復合名詞，把復數詞尾放在名詞上。如：
passers-by過路人
lookers-on旁觀者
(4)由“家庭成員+in-law”構成的復合名詞，復數形式放在第一個成分上。如： fathers-in-law（岳父）
sisters-in-law（嫂嫂）
sons-in-law（女婿）
(5)復合名詞中沒有名詞時，把復數詞尾放在最后一個詞上。如：
go-betweens中間人，媒人
grown-ups成年人
game,race, match 三個詞都有“比賽”之意。game通常指“游戲、比賽”，其復數形式往往指大型運動會。race多指賽跑，賽馬、賽車、賽船等運動。match指競技比賽。
[應用]英譯漢 ①play games
②play a game of basketball ③the Asian Games ④horse race.⑤a 1,500-metre race ⑥run a race
⑦have a volleyball match ⑧watch a match Key:①做游戲，比賽 ②進行一次籃球比賽 ③亞運會 ④賽馬 ⑤一千五百米賽跑 ⑥賽跑 ⑦舉行排球比賽 ⑧觀看比賽
get a general idea of 對……了解大意（大概情況）
Read the chapter quickly to get a general idea.快速閱讀這一章，了解大意。
I have a general idea of that town.我對那個鎮子的大概情況有所了解 get in touch with sb.;keep in touch with sb.這兩個相似動詞短語的區別是：前者是表示動作性的，作“和（與）某人進行接觸”解，如：
Finally Hank and his friend gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States.最后，漢克和他的朋友互換了地址，并且保證回美國后和對方聯系。
而后者表示狀態，作“和（與）某人保持著聯系”解。如：
Some students keep in touch with me all the time.一些學生一直和我保持著聯系。
get sb./ sth.doing使某人/某物開始活躍或使某物開始工作
Let me try now, I will get the car going
現在讓我試試，我會把汽車發動起來。
拓展：get sb.to do sth.= have sb.do sth.讓/使某人做某事
get sth.done = have sth.done請人做某事
I’ll get him to do the job.我會讓他做這項工作。
When did you get your hair cut?
你什么時候理的發？ 感嘆句表達方式
感嘆句表示說話時的驚訝、喜悅、贊賞和憤怒等情緒。大多數感嘆句是由what和how引導，其句型結構為“What(或How)+感嘆部分+主語+謂語！”。也有少量其他形式的感嘆句，現一并歸納如下：(1)What 引導的感嘆句
What 用做定語，修飾名詞，其引導的感嘆句句型結構為：
①What+a(an)+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語！如： What an orphan he is!他是個多么可憐的孤兒啊！②What+a(an)+形容詞+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語！如：
What a beautiful voice she has!她的聲音多美啊！③What+形容詞+可數名詞復數+主語+謂語！如： What kind doctors they are!他們是多好的醫生啊！
高考英語復習知識點概要
④What+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語！如： What good news it is!(2)How 引起的感嘆句
How 用做狀語，修飾形容詞、副詞和動詞，其引導的感嘆句句型結構為： ①How+形容詞+主語+謂語！How clever you are!②How+副詞+主語+謂語！How well she dances!③How +形容詞+a(an)+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語！如：
How good a student he is!④How+主語+謂語！如：
How the teachers worked!教師們工作多么努力啊！⑤How+many(few)+可數名詞的復數+主語+謂語！如：
How many books you have read!⑥How much(little)+不可數名詞+主語+謂語！如： How little money the coat cost!(3)“What+a(an)+形容詞+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語！”句型可轉換為“How+形容詞+a(an)+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語！”句型。如； What a clever boy he is!How clever a boy he is!(4)感嘆句常將主語和謂語動詞省略，以“What+名詞！”或“How+形容詞！”的形式構成。如： What a fine student!What mountains!How wonderful!How brave!(5)其他形式的感嘆句
有時候，可不用what和how來表示感嘆，而用陳述句、疑問句、祈使句，甚至一個詞或詞組來表示感嘆。如：
She is such a nice girl!她是一個多好的姑娘啊！（陳述句）
Who do you think you are!你算老幾！（疑問句）“Stop the train!Stop the train!”(祈使句)Wonderful!(一個詞)Happy New Year!(詞組)get through 接通電話；完成；通過
I can’t get through.The line’s busy.我沒能接通電話。占線了。
get through the work/the exams/the book完成工作/通過考試/看完這本書 打電話的其他交際用語：
Can you ring up …?你能給……打電話嗎？ I can’t get through.我沒能接通（電話）The line is busy.（電話）占線。
I’ll try again later.一會兒我再試試。
Could I speak to… please?我找……接電話。This is … speaking.我是…… Hold on, Please.請等一等。
Can I take a message?我可以捎個口信嗎？ Could you ask … to ring me back, please? 你讓……給我回個電話好嗎？ I’ll ask …… to call you.我要讓……給你打個電話。
They are talking on /over the phone.他們在通電話。You are wanted on the phone.有電話找你。She answered the phone.她接了電話。give構成的短語
①give away 送給人、分發、泄露、暴露 Let’s give away our dog.我們把狗送人吧。②give back:送還、恢復（健康）
Living here has given me back my health.在這住使我恢復了健康。
③give in交進來，讓步、妥協、投降 The boy gave in the money he picked up.那小孩把撿到的錢上交了。
In the end,they gave in.最終，他們屈服了。④give off散發出
The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.那種氣體發出難聞的氣味。
⑤give out用完、耗盡、沒有了。Money gave out.錢用完了。
⑥give up放棄、不再做、把……獻給…… My father has given up smoking.我爸“戒煙了。” He has given up his life to teaching.他一生都獻給了教育事業。
Don’t give up,try again.別泄氣，再試一次。give birth to 生……；造成……的原因。
①She gave birth to a baby last week.②His illness gave birth to his absence.Give my regards/ best wishes/love to sb.向人問好時
give off,放出（光、煙、氣味等）、散發，give out,放出，發出（聲音，光線，氣味等），（食物、燃料、力量等）用盡、筋疲力盡。①These red roses give off a sweet smell.②This device gives out flashes of light in the fog.③Both my strength and money gave out.go bad 變壞
類似的：go wrong,go mad,etc.go 通常表示不好的變化。Alice’s face went red with anger.高考英語復習知識點概要
My husband’s hair is going gray.“go+doing”表示“去干某事”，多指從事與體育、娛樂有關的活動。
go fishing 去釣魚
go riding去騎馬 go boating 去劃船
go climbing去登山 go swimming去游泳
go shooting去射擊 go walking 去散步
go hunting去打獵 go shopping去買東西
go cycling去騎車 go dancing去跳舞
go camping 去露營 “go+doing”還可以表示從事某種職業。go farming務農
go nursing當護士 go on doing , go on to do , go on with
1)go on doing sth.指繼續做同一件事。如：
After a short rest , they went on working.短暫休息之后，他們繼續工作。
go on with sth.指繼續同一件事，此時 with 后能接名詞，代詞，不能跟ing 形式。如:After a short rest ,they went on with the work.短暫休息之年，他們繼續那項工作。
go on to do sth.指接著做另外一件事。如：
After finishing the words , they went on to go over the text.結束單詞后，他們接著通課文。2)類似意義的說法。
continue doing/ to do = go on doing;go ahead with = go on with ,隱含有付出努力之意 keep on doing ① = go on doing ②指不顧困難，反對或警告而堅持做某事。如：He kept on smoking after the doctor told him to stop.醫生告訴他停止后，他還是繼續抽煙。
go through 瀏覽；經歷；歷經
He went through several houses, but haven’t bought one yet.他看了好幾套房子，但一套還沒買。
The country has gone through too many wars.這個國家已經歷了太多的戰爭。
The plan must go through several stages.這個計劃必須經歷幾個過程。
拓展：go through with完成
He hasn’t gone through with his composition yet.他還沒寫完作文。
go with 與……相配；適合。
I’d like a pair of shoes to go with my trousers.我想要一雙和我的褲子相配的鞋。go/do without 該短語表示“沒有……將就著也行”。Without既是介詞也是副詞，亦即帶不帶賓語都行。[應用]完成句子
①他沒錢買電視，只能過著沒有電視的日子。He had no money for a TV set,so he had to _______ _______ ______.②我們沒有地圖也行。
We have no map but we can ________ ________ Key:①go,without,it ②do,without
had better(not)do sth.最好（不要）做某事。
用來委婉地提出建議或勸告.had通用于各種人稱和數的形式.。
①You’d better give up smoking.It dose no good to your health.你最好把煙戒掉，吸煙對健康沒好處。②she had better not come this evening.今晚她最好不要來。
hand down(=pass down)相傳、傳給 意思是“（從上代）傳下來（給后代）”。
In poor families,clothes may be handed down from one child to the next.hand back 把……歸還……；hand in 面交，提出；hand on 傳閱，依次傳遞；hand out 分發；hand over 移交。
happen句型歸納
(1)happen to do sth.(主語常為“人”)，意為“碰巧。恰好”。to 后可用不定式的一般式to do,完成式to have done進行式to be doing如：
You happened to be out when I came to your house.我到你家時，你正好出去了。
She happened to have just finished reading the book.碰巧她剛剛讀完那本書。
The two salesmen happened to be quarrelling when the manager entered.經理進去時兩個售貨員碰巧在吵架。(2)It(so)happen that…“（如此）碰巧，恰好”。如： It happens that he is a teacher of English.恰好他是位英語老師。
It so happened that he was going that way too.如此碰巧的是他也往那邊走。
注意：句型1）和2）可互換，如：
I happened to have no money with me./It happened that I had no money with me.我碰巧身上沒帶錢。
(3)happen to sb./sth.“某人/物出事，發生了……情況”。
如：What has happened to your hand?你的手怎么了？
Be careful not to let anything happen to that child.小心別讓那個孩子出任何事。[應用]選擇正確答案
①—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.(MET’91)
高考英語復習知識點概要
—What do you suppose __________to her? and the waves.A.was happening
B.to happen have no choice but to do sth.C.has happened
D.having 該結構意為“別無選擇的干……” happened 如：You have no choice but to obey me.②They happened to _______for Tianjin when we got have on,have…on there.(MET’)have on 表示“穿著，戴著”，有have on sth.或have A.leave
B.have left
C.leaving
sth.,on
結構，強調狀態，無進行時，但有動詞—ingD.had left ③If anything __________you,let me know.A.is happened to
B.is happening C.happens on
D.happens to Key:①C ②B ③D have a right to do sth.有權做某事 right:①當名詞用，可有復數形式如：human rights人權；但是當方向（右邊）講時，不可數，turn to the right向右轉 ②當形容詞：a.右面的、向右的、政治上右傾的；b.對的、正確的、合適、恰當、正當；c.對頭、沒事了。如： He didn’t feel quite right.他感覺不太舒服。Your advice is right你的建議是對的。Which is the right answer?哪個答案正確？ ③當副詞用，向右 Don’t forget to turn right when you meet a bookstore.看到那家書店別忘了向右轉。The crowd divided right and left.人群走散了（各奔西東）。have/find + difficulty/trouble +(in)doing sth./ with sth.There be + difficulty/trouble +(in)doing sth./with sth.做某事有困難/麻煩；在……方面有困難/麻煩。其中的difficulty和trouble為不可數名詞；doing前的介詞in 可省略。①I have some difficulty(in)pronouncing some English words.有些英語單詞我發音有困難。②Everyone in the town knew him;so we had no difficulty(in)finding his house。鎮上所有的人都認識他，所有我們毫不費力就找到了他的家。③The boy had little difficulty with maths.這孩子學數學沒困難。④There was much difficulty(in)finding him.好不容易才找到他。have mercy on/upon sb.該短語意為“寬恕（或可憐）某人”，類似的詞組還有show mercy to sb.。He always has mercy on the poor.at the mercy of …任由……擺布，在……的掌握中。如：They were lost at sea,at the mercy of the winds 短語形式。have…on表示“有事，有約（會）”。對比： On Children’s Day,children always have on their new clothes.兒童節那天孩子們總是穿著新衣服。I’ve nothing on tomorrow.Let’s go together.明天我沒事，咱們一起去吧。誤：In fact the king was having nothing on.正：In fact the king had nothing on.事實上國王什么也沒穿。正：The king having nothing on walked in the front.一絲不掛的國王走在最前面。[應用]漢譯英 ①He has something on this evening.I’ve to go without him.②He has his uniform on this evening.have something(nothing,much,little)to do with與……有（沒有，有很大，有一點）關系。①I have nothing to do with that young man.②His job has something to do with telephones.③This has little to do with what we are talking about.④Do you have anything to do with that club? He sends his regards/best wishes/love to you.帶人問好時 也可用：Please remember me to your parents.head vi.向……前進，朝某方面行進。后面接for,forward的介詞短語，或表示方向的副詞east,eastward等。head south向南行 ①Where are we heading? ②Those ships are heading for HongKong.hear vt,;vi.（1）聽見、聽到（聲音）。①Listen!I heard somebody knocking at the door.聽！我聽到有人敲門。②Old Granny can’t hear very well.老奶奶聽覺不好了。(2)hear that(賓從)聽說某事 ①I heard that he had come back.我聽說他回來了。②I heard that we were going to Qingdao for a holiday.Is that true?聽說我們要去青島度假，是真的嗎？
高考英語復習知識點概要
（3）hear of 聽說；獲悉。
①I have heard of him,though I don’t know him.盡管我不認識他，但我聽說過他。
②They have never heard of American country music.他們從沒聽說過美國的鄉村音樂。
③They have never heard American country music。他們從沒聽過美國的鄉村音樂。（4）hear from sb.收到某人的來信。
—Have you heard from Peter recently?最近收到彼得的信了嗎？
—No,I haven’t heard from him for three months.沒有。我已3個月沒收到他的信了。heart短語歸納
lose heart 失去信心；lose one’s heart to sb./sth.愛上某人/事；give heart to sb.鼓勵某人；give one’s heart sb./sth.愛上某人/事；put one’s heart into 一心撲在某事上；heart and soul全心全意地；have a kind heart有一幅好心腸;break one’s heart使某人傷心；learn…by heart 記住，背誦；with a heavy/light heart 心情沉重地/輕松愉快地 [應用]完成句子
①這個隊一場比賽未贏，結果灰心了。
The team had won no game and it ________ ________.②我們很奇怪她怎么愛上一個外國老頭。
We wonder why she ________ _________ ________ _______an old foreigner.③世上無難事，只怕有心人。
Nothing is too difficult in the world if you _______ _______ ________ _______it.④全心全意地為人民服務是一個黨員的義務。
It’s the duty of a Party member to serve the people ________ _________ _________ __________.Key:①lost,heart②lost,her,heart,to③put,your,heart,into④heart,and,soul help oneself to“自行取用（食物等），隨意使用” Help yourself to more cakes.help to do sth.該動賓結構意為“有助于干某事”，且不定式符號to 可以省略，即構成help do sth.的表達形式。如： ①This book helps to understand this question.②Exercises help build up.hold短語歸納 hold one’s hand 抓住某人的手；hold me by the arm抓住我的胳臂；hold one’s breath屏住氣；hold back one’s tears 忍住淚水；hold a meeting 開會；hold
passengers容納100名乘客；hold a position守住陣地；hold back 阻止；hold one’s head high昂首，趾高氣揚；hold up the wounded part 抬高受傷的部位； hold it tight 抓緊；hold everything in secret 對一切都保密；catch/get/take hold of a rope 抓住繩子；hold a child in one’s arms 懷抱孩子；hold a final examination舉行期末考試 [應用]介、副詞填空
①Nothing can hold______the wheel of the history.②I held her _____ the hand and tried to follow her.③He was saved by taking hold______ the big stick.④Please hold______ your hand if you have any questions to ask.Key: ①back ②by ③of ④up
How do you do ? 初次見面打招呼
答語為How do you do ?也可用Nice /Glad/Pleased to meet you.熟人見面打招呼
How are you?隨便一些可用Hello, Hi.How do(did)you find…?(你覺得/認為……怎么樣？)是征求對方對某人、某事的看法或意見的用語。回答時在find 后要跟復合賓語。
How did you find the dishes?
(I found them)Tasteless.How do you find Peter Gray?
I found him dishonest.How long have you had it?你買了多久了？ 瞬時動詞come/go/leave/start/arrive/buy/die/join/borrow/marry等不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如how long, for 和 since所表示的時間。①他去世三年了。
不能說：He has died for 3 years.而應說：He has been dead for 3 years/He died 3 years ago.It is 3 years since he died.②他參軍多久了？
不能說：How long has he joined the army?
而應說：How long has he been in the army?/How long has he been a soldier?/How long is it since he joined the army?
how long/how soon/how far/how often
(1)how long 多久。表示一段時間，句中的動詞應是延續性的。是對for 或since等所表示的時間狀語的提問。
—How long have you lived here ?你在這里住多久了？
①—For three years.3年了。
高考英語復習知識點概要
②—Since 1997.從1997年至今。
③—Since I graduated from college.從大學畢業至今。
(2)how soon(將來)多久；（過）多久（以后）。是對in 所表示的時間狀語的提問。
—How soon can you finish the work?多久你能完成這工作？
—In three hours.3小時后。
（3）how far 多遠。用來提問距離。
—How far is your hometown from here?你家鄉離這里多遠？
—Twenty kilometres.20公里。
(4)how often(每隔)多久；多經常。用來提問頻度。—How often do you usually go home?你多久回家一次？
—Twice a month.一個月兩次。
how to do sth.是由“疑問副詞+動詞不定式”構成的復合結構，在句中可作表語。
How to deal with it hasn’t been decided.My question is how to feed so many people.however adv.然而；但是。表示轉折，起承上啟下的作用。本身具有相對的獨立性，通常逗號與句子其他部分隔開。
①He likes singing.He can’t sing very well, however.他喜歡唱歌，然而唱不好。
②He didn’t agree with me;however, he said nothing.他不同意我的看法，但他什么也沒說。human(being)[c]人，與動物等對比的人(the human人類)A human being tells the machine what to do, when to do and how to do.人讓機器做什么、什么時候做和怎樣做。
In the story human beings were replaced by robots.在這個故事里，人類被機器人所代替。hurt,wound 二者都有“受傷”之意，但含義有所不同。
Wound指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指戰爭、戰斗中受傷。而hurt既指肉體上的也指精神上的傷害，含強烈疼痛意味。如：
be badly wounded in the battle 戰斗中受重傷； wound sb.to death 使某人受傷致死；
hurt one’s back摔傷了后背；hurt one’s feeling傷害某人的感情；be hurt by his words被他的話所傷害。
注意：A.wound可用作名詞：
have a wound in the chest胸部受傷； receive a serious wound受重傷；the wounded傷員。B.hurt還可用作不及物動詞，表示“疼痛難受”對比：
The girl fell off her bike.She hurt one of her legs hurts.姑娘從自行車上掉下來，有一條腿疼得厲害。[應用]完成句子
①這位戰士頭部受了傷.The soldier ______ ______ _____in his head./The soldier ______
_______in the head./The soldier head ______ ______.②他們說我的那些話使我很傷心。
I was rather__________by what they said about me.③我右腿疼。
My right foot ________.④他的傷似乎是很重。
It seemed that he _________badly_________.Key:①received,a, would/was, wounded/was wounded
②hurt ③hurts ④was, hurt/wounded
I must be off now.I must go now.I must be leaving now.表示自己要走時
I think it would be a good idea to(do sth.)“我想，干某事是個好主意”（是委婉地提出建議的交際英語）。
A：I’m afraid I’m putting on weight.B:I think it would be a good idea to keep on doing moning exercises.idea n.主意，想法
①have an idea
②have the idea of doing ③have an idea that/wh-從句
He thought and thought, and then he had an idea.他想啊想，終于有了一個主意。
She had the idea of discussing the problem with her husband.她有一個與丈夫商討此事的辦法。
I have an idea that he will lose.我認為他會輸的。Do you have any idea where he has gone? 你知道他到哪兒去了嗎？ if與unless的異同
1)通常unless 等于if not 如：
I won’t go unless he comes.= I won’t go if the doesn’t come.2)在下面的句子中不可做此替換。如：
I’ll be surprised if he doesn’t have an accident.他要是不出事故，我倒會感到奇怪了。
unless 不能用于“由于未發生B而產生A”的句子，再如：
I’ll be quite glad if she doesn’t come this evening.高考英語復習知識點概要
要是他今晚不來，我才高興呢。mix.混合mixture n.混合物
Water and oil will not mix.油和水不相溶合。Mix black with white 混淆黑白。注意：下面句子中mix 的形式。
A rain is falling ,mixed with snow.雨夾著雪在下著。
I’m sorry(that)…很抱歉……。是自認為表現欠妥或做事失誤時的道歉用語，其后的從句說明道歉的內容和原因。
①I’m sorry I can’t answer the question.對不起我不會回答這個問題。②I’m sorry that I broke your glass.很抱歉我把你的杯子打破了。imagine 1)接名詞、代詞：You can’t imagine the life on the island.你無法想象島上的生活。
2）接動名詞：She never imagined her going abroad for further education.她從沒設想過會出國深造。3）接從句：You can’t imagine how worried I was those days.你想象不到那幾天我是多么焦慮啊。4）接復合賓語：The boy imagined himself to be a hero.這男孩把自己想象成了英雄。[應用] 選擇正確答案
I can hardly imagine Peter ______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET’91)
A.sail
B.to sail
C.sailing
D.to have sailed Key:C improve 1)用作及物動詞，意為“改善，使更好，增進，提高”。如：
improve one’s English/the living conditions/one’s method of study/oneself in maths提高英語水平/改善居住條件/改進學習方法/提高教學水平。2)用作不及物動詞，意為“變得更好，增加。”如： After two days’ rest his health is improving.經過兩天的休息，他的健康狀況在好轉。
3)用作名詞：improvement of soil土壤改良；make improvement in 在某方面作出改進 [應用]一句多譯
①他的中文水平在不斷提高。②這篇文章你最好有所改進。
Key:①His Chinese is improving./He is improving his Chinese.②You’d better improve your article./You’d better make improvement in your article.in prep.在……之后。用于“將來一段時間之后”。① Your birthday is in two weeks’ time.你的生日
還有兩周。② I’ll finish the work in 3 days/in 3 days’ time.這兩項工作我3天后完成。注意：“將來具體時間之后”用after。① I’ll be back in 3 days.3天后我回來.② I’ll be back after the New year.新年后我回來。in a word總之=in one word
In a word, I don’t trust him.總這，我不信任他。
Tom is brave, careful and calm.In a word, he is admirable.湯姆既勇敢、細心又鎮靜。總之，他很令人羨慕。in charge of
prep.擔任……，管理……，負責 in the charge of a person?in a person’s charge由（某人）照料（管理）
take charge of 擔任……，接管。My father is in charge of this company.in common, in general, in particular,in short（1）in common(with)與……有共同處、（和……）一樣。如：
They have nothing in common with one another.他們相互毫無共同之處。
（2）in general 大體上、通常、一般說來。如： In general boys like sports more than girls.一般說來，男孩比女孩更喜歡運動。
（3）in particular= particularly特別、尤其。如： I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were very big.我特別注意到他的眼晴，因為那雙眼晴很大。
（4）in short簡單地說，總之。如： The man, in short,is not to be trusted.總之，那個人是不何信任的。
in debt(to)欠債，欠人情
out of debt還清負債，沒欠債
get(run,fall)into debt,vi.借債，負債 pay off the debt還清債務
She was always in debt when she was out of work.In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected president….1860年林肯被選為總統。
president/chairman/head/captain/director/mornitor等表示頭銜、職位的名詞，在用作同位語、補語或表語時，前面通常不加冠詞。
in future;in the future;for the future in future意思是“從今以后”。例如：
In future,be careful with your pronunciation.今后要注意你的發音。
Such a bad habit must be got rid of in future.今后成高考英語復習知識點概要
長須改掉這樣的壞習慣。
in the furture意思是“將來、今后的日期”，但 不一定就是從今立即開始，而是將來的時間。例如： No one can know what will happen in the future.沒有人知道將來會發生什么事。
My sister wants to be actress in the future.我妹妹將來想當演員。
for the future的意思是“就未來而論、今后”，作“今后”解時可與in future替換使用。例如：
What are your plans for the future when you grow up? 你長大以后對你的未來有什么打算？
For the future, we’ll have to depend on ourselves.今后我們得依靠自己。
in honour of sb.(sth.)為了紀念或表示敬意而舉行某活動。
①A memorial meeting was held in his honour.②It is only a dance in honour of my birthday.in+名詞+of in praise of為……頌揚、歌頌；in honour of 為紀念，為了向某人表示敬意；in memory of為了懷念；in favour of贊同，支持；in place of 代替；in charge of負責；in search of尋找；in need of 需要。注意：上述短語多用作表語、狀語或定語。[應用]完成句子，句意不變
①This is a book which sings high praise for pioneers.This is a book ________ ________ ________ pioneers.②They startd off at once to look for the missing girl.They started off at once________ ______ _______the missing girl.③We all agree to your plan.We are all ______ ________ ______your plan.④We usr plastics instead of wood or metal.We use plastics_______ ________ ________ wood or metal.Key:①in, praise, of
②in, search, of
③in, favour, of
④in, place, of in one’s opinion 在某人看來，依照某人的看法，也可以說：
in one’s personal opinion
例：have a good /high opinion of sb.= think / speak well/highly of sb.對某人評價高，看法不好。in one’s will在某人的遺囑中
will作為名詞使用時意為“遺囑”“意志力”或“強烈的愿望”。
Her death is god’s will, I suppose.她的逝世是上帝的旨意，我估計。
His strong will enables him to refuse all the worldly pleaseres.他的強烈愿望使他可以拒絕世間所有的樂趣。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。in other words換句話說
In other words, they failed to pass the exam.換句話說，他們考試沒有及格。
He became, in other words, a great hero.也就是說，他成了一位大英雄。
in place/out of place在原處；在合適的位置。①You should keep everything in place.(=in order)你應該把所有的東西都放好。
②What you said is somewhat out of place.你的話有些離譜了。
in the 1950s:in the 1950’s 20世紀50年代。介詞也可用during。
early/late in the 1990s:in the early/late 1990’s。20世紀90年代早期/晚期。in the hope of
該短語表示“期待，抱有……的希望”，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，可替換成：in the hope that 從句或hoping to…。對比:
They got up very early in the hope of catching the first bus.他們起得很早，希望能趕上頭班車。
注意：have the hope of…/There be hope of…有希望 對比：She has the hope of success.她有成功的希望。There is still hope of persuading him to change his mind.還有希望說服他改變主意。[應用]一句多譯：
他到那里去，希望買一些新鮮魚。
He went there in the hope of buying some fresh fish./He
Went there in the hope that he could buy some fresh fish./He went there hoping to buy some fresh fish.in the last few years.該短語意為“最近幾年”，常和現在完成時連用，表示以前某時開始一直延續至說話時的動作或狀態。in可被during或over 替換。常用的還有：during the past ten days過去的10天里；over the last 5 months過去的5個月里；in the past few weeks 過去的幾周里如：
We’ve learned quite a lot of English over the past three years.高考英語復習知識點概要
三年來我們學了不少英語。[應用]單句改錯
①Many factories were built in the last ten years in my hometown.②Both my father and mother have been busy since the past few weeks.Key:①改were 為have been ②改since為for/in/over in the past sixty years在過去的60年里（常與現在完成時連用）
Great changes have taken place in the past few years.in time及時(=not later than),終究(=sooner or later)
I hope you will arrive in time for the meeting.我希望你及時到會。
Work hard and you will succeed in time.努力工作那么最終你將成功。
Increase v.& n.(使……)增長/加
Travel can increase our knowledge of the world.旅行能加深我們對世界的了解。
The number of students in this school has increased to 3,000.這個學校的學生人數已增加到3000人。The population of the area increased by 5% last year.這個地區的人口去年增加了5%。
an increase in production/ number/population.生產/數量/人口增加
information: news新聞；消息。為不可數名詞，如果表示“幾條消息”，應用piece ①The news is true.這條消息是真的。
②a piece of news 一條新聞；一則消息。two pieces of news 兩條新聞；兩則消息。several pieces of news幾條新聞；幾則消息。insist on doing sth.堅持做…… suggest doing sth.建議做…… enjoy doing sth.喜歡做…… 類似的admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,detest.dis-like,endure,escape,excuse,face,feellike,finish,forgive,give up,can’t help,imagine, leave off,mention,mind,miss,postp-hone,practise,put off, resist,risk,can’t understand,und-erstand,mean(意味著)以上這些動詞只能接動名詞作賓語，不能接動詞不定式作賓語。在介詞之間，也只能用動名詞作賓語。Look forward to,object to ,be used to,in addition to,prefer…to,according to,stick to,etc.insist表示“堅持要求（某人或主語本身）干某事。”；suggest 表示“建議”，以及order, demand, request, advise…，這些動詞后的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣形
式。
即主語+（should）+動詞原形+……，should常可省略。如：
He insisted that he(should)be sent to the poorest place to work。他堅持要求派他去最貧窮的地方工作。instead of
instead of是短語介詞，意思是“代替、而不”，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞，有時接動詞原形、不定式、形容詞等。如：
I’ll take that book instead of this one.我要那本書不要這一本。
Instead of putting it off till the next day, he started working right away.他立即開始工作，不把它拖到明天。
You should give him advice instead of money.你應給他忠告而不是金錢。
A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hating him.一句鼓勵的話當可時可能使我尊敬他而不是恨他。
Things are now better instead of worse.目前情況是好轉而不是惡化。
We made the trip by train instead of by car.我們是乘火車旅行的，不是乘汽車。
instead of, instead, in place of, take the place of He went to attend the meeting instead of me.I was ill so he went to attend the meeting instead.注意：instead 可用于句首，表示“相反的”。如： She never studies.Instead, she plays tennis all day.她從不學習。相反地，她整天打網球。in place of很多時候可與instead of換用，但更強調“取代”之意。如：
He isn’t fit for the job, so I’ll do it in place of him.他勝任不了這項工作，我要代他做。
take the place of 是動詞短詞，在句中做謂語，如： Tractors have taken the place of horses.拖拉機已經取代了馬。
注意：instead of 后可接ing 形式，介詞短語等。如:
He came by bus instead of by train.他是乘汽車來的而不是乘火車。
He wanted to go to a film instead of staying at home.他想去看電影而不是呆在家里。
Isn’t it easier to stay in the same place ？留在原地難道不更舒服一些嗎？
否定疑問句用來表示對某事感到驚訝，含批評意味。相當于漢語的“難道不/莫非……？”
高考英語復習知識點概要
① Don’t you know my address?難道你不知道我的地址嗎？ ②Can’t you speak English?你難道不會說英語嗎？ Isn’t it happy to live with us ?莫非和我們生活在一起不快樂？
It句型：主語+動詞+it+形容詞或名詞+不定式短語 此句型中，it 作形式賓語，常用于句型中的動詞有find,feel, think, consider, make等。Einstein.who was a Jew, found it impossible to continue living in Germany.愛因斯坦是一個猶太人，他發現他不可能在德國繼續生活下去了。
①I found it quite pleasant to work with him.我發現和他一起工作很愉快。
②He feels it his duty to help others.他感到幫助別人是他的責任。
It is hoped that…
人們希望…… It said that …
據說……
It is believed that…
人們相信 It is reported that…
據報道……
It is hoped that our team will win the game.人們希望我們的隊贏得比賽。
It is said that the strange old man is a great artist.據說那個怪老頭是一位藝術大師。
It is believed that before writing was developed, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.人們認為，在出現書寫以前，中國人常把石塊放在一起來記事。
It is reported in the papers that the president of the U.S.A will arrive next Monday.據報紙報道美國總統下星期一抵達。
It is/was + adj.+ for/of sb.+ to do sth.某人做某事是…….該句的It 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式（短語），for/of sb.是不定式的邏輯主語。能用于該句型的形容詞常有：（1）important/ unimportant/ necessary/ possible/ impossible/ hard/ difficult/ easy/ useful/ usual/ unusual等。這些形容詞的后面常用for來表示不定式的邏輯主語。①It’s important(for you)to learn English well.(你們)學好英語很重要。
②It’s not easy for them to finish the work within three hours.對他們來說3小時內完成這項工作很難。
（2）right/ wrong/ clever/ foolish/ stupid/ nice/ kind/ rude/ polite/ impolite等。這些形容詞的后面常用of 介詞短語表示不定式的邏輯主語。①It’s kind of you to help us.你們幫助我們真是太好了。
②It’s impolite of a person to interrupt people while they are talking.打斷別人談話的人是不禮貌的。It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花某人時間。其中的It 是形式主語。代替后面的不定式（短語）。①It will take us a whole week to travel through the forest.穿過這片森林得用我們一整周時間。
②It took them 3 days to finish the work.干完這項工作用了他們3天時間。
It’s time for sth.該是做……的時候
如： It’s time for lunch.該吃午飯了。It’s time(for sb)to do sth.如：
It’s time(for us)to go to school.(我們)該上學了。也可用如下說法：
The time has come for lunch.The time has come for us to go to school.注意：在It’s time ……句式中time 前可加 high, about 等修飾詞，用法不變。其后跟that 從句時要用虛擬語氣。如：
It’s(high)time we got up.It’s about time(that)he knew the truth.大約是他知道真相的時候了。（that可省略）接不定式和動名詞意義不同的詞
1）remember doing/having done記得曾做過某事remember to do記住去做某事
對比：
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year? Please remember to write to your parents when you get there.2)regret doing/having done 后悔做了（或沒做）某事/regret to do遺憾地去做某事
對比： I regret telling her the truth.I regret to say that you are completely wrong.3）try to do 盡力去做/try doing 試著去做 對比：She tried to learn it by heart.She tried adding more salt to the soup.4)forget doing 忘記曾經做過/forget to do忘記去做 對比：I forget reading about it in a magazine.Don’t forget to shut off the gas when you finish cooking.5)stop doing 停止做/stop to do 停止某一動作去作另一動作（說明停止的目的）
對比：They didn’t start until it stopped raining.We stopped to see what was going on.6)mean doing 意味著/mean to do 打算，意圖做 對比：Missing the train means waiting for an hour.I meant to come, but a friend of mine went to see me.高考英語復習知識點概要
7)want doing 需要（物作主語，動名詞主動表示被動）/want to do 想做（人作主語）
對比：The wall wants painting.I want to paint the wall myself.join,join in, take part in ,attend 1)join 表示“加入黨派，組織、社團、俱樂部”等。如：join the Party/Youth League/army/club/organization入黨/入團/參軍/加入俱樂部/加入組織。Would yo join us(in)singing?和我們一起唱歌吧！
His brother joined the army a year ago.他哥哥一年前參軍了。
Join還可表示“來（去）和某人呆在一起，把……連在一起”
I will join you in a few minutes.我一會就過來。Please join the two ends of the rope together.把繩子兩頭接起來。2)join in 表示“參加正在進行的活動”。如 ：join in a game /discussion/conversation/walk/talk參加游戲/討論/談話/一起散步/一起討論。亦可說：join sb.in(doing)sth.表示“加入某人一起做某事”。3)take part in 表示“參加會議、活動”，側重說明主語參加并發揮一定作用，part 前若有修飾語，要用不定冠詞。如:take(an active)part in a party/school activities/physical labour(積極)參加聚會/學校活動/體力勞動。
4)attend 表示“出席、參加會議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、典禮、上課、上學、聽報告”。如：attend a meeting/a sports meeting/a concer/a show/school/a lecture參加會議/運動會/出席音樂會/出席展覽會/上學/聽演講。[應用]完成句子
①我哥哥參軍2年了。
It’s two years since my brother_______the army.②我的朋友和我一起祝你生日快樂。
All my friends_______ ________ ________ wishing you a happy birthday.③今晚有一個聚會，你參加嗎？
There will be a party this evening.Are you going to_______ ______ _______ it? ④邁克沒有參加莉莉的婚禮。Mike didn’t ______ Lily’s wedding.Key:①joined ②join，me,in③take,part,in ④attend keep doing sth.連續、持續地做某事。
①They kept sitting there for several hours.他們在那里連續坐了好幾個小時。
②He kept asking silly questions.他不住地問些愚蠢的問題。keep;store;save
三個詞都有“存”的含義。store是及物動詞，“儲藏、儲存”的意思，一般強調在一個空間范圍內的保管和收藏。如：
We had to store all this while we were away.我們不在家時，得把所有的一切都收藏起來。如：
After harvest we store the grain.收割后我們把糧食存起來。
save既可以是及物動詞也可以是不及物動詞，可指貨幣的儲蓄。如：
He was out of work, he had saved no money before.他失業了，以前也沒有攢下錢。
They are saving for a house.他們正在存錢買房。keep也有“保存”的意思，與store比較，它并不強調特定的地點和場所，是由“保留”的意思引申而來的。如：
I have kept the old letters all the time.我一直把這些舊信保存了下來。
Will you keep the papers for me?你能為我保存這些論文嗎？ keep off
短語動詞。意為“遠離”、“制止”、“使避開”、“不讓接近”。如：
A board stands by the house on which were written “keep off”.At night they made a fire to keep wild animals off.keep one’s word 該動賓詞組意為“守信”，“遵守諾言”。詞組里word不能用復數形式words.同義詞組為“keep a promise”,反義詞組為“break one’s word”。如： Once you promise someone to do something,you should keep your word.keep sb.healthy使……保持健康
keep,n.“使維持（某種狀態）”后可接adj.(ving,p.p,adv.)等作賓補。
①I was so tired that I could hardly keep myself awake.②I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.③Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.④They kept us out.⑤Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.keep up
該短語動詞有以下現象，分述如下： ①keep sth.up使不低落，遵守
如：Even if we fail we should keep up our spirits.②keep sb.up使晚睡
如：It’s wrong to keep the children up so late.③keep up with sb.趕上，不落后，保持聯系
高考英語復習知識點概要
如：I still keep up with my college classmates far away.我仍與遠方的大學同學保持著聯系。Knee
go down on one’s knees 雙膝跪地 go down on one knee單膝跪地
如：①The son went down on his knees, begging his father for mercy.②Some football players celebrate their“goal”by going down on one knee.knock into 該短語意為“把……敲人”，也可意譯為“撞著某人/某物”如：
①The wall is so hard I can’t knock nails into it.②He was reading while he eas walking and knocked into a tree.lack lack可用作及物或不及物動詞，還可用作不可數名詞，有“缺乏，缺少”之意。如：
lack money/courage缺錢/ 缺少勇氣；lack(in)experience/ courage缺少經驗/勇氣；have no lack of...不缺乏；for lack of…因為缺乏。對比：
He is lacking in courage./He lacks courage.他缺少勇氣。
The plants died for lack of water.因為缺水植物枯死了。
[應用]完成句子
①她經驗不足，無法獲得這項工作。She________ ______ ______to get the job.②他們不缺錢，而缺技術工作。
They______ ______ _______ of money but_______skilled workers.Key: ①lacked,the,experience ②have,no,lack,lack lately;recently 兩者均可表示“近來、最近”，但用法不同。recently 是書面語，常被quite,just,but, very,only等詞所修飾，以加強語氣。主要用于肯定句中。如: He’s only recently begun billogy.他只是最近才開始學生物。I didn’t know it until quite recently.我一直到最近才知道。
Lately常用于口語，指與現在有聯系的一段時間，常見于否定句或疑問句中。如：
I haven’t seen him lately.我近來沒有看到他。lay the table, lay breakfast 兩個動詞短語均可作“擺好桌子”解，但各自的確切含意不同：lay the table單純指“擺桌子（準備吃飯）”，可用于早、中、晚三餐的任何一餐的場合，如：
I only laid the table.我只是擺好了餐桌（準備吃飯）。而“lay breakfast”則很明確地表示“擺桌子（吃早餐）”。如：
I have laid lunch.我已經擺好午餐的桌子了。He has laid supper.他已把晚餐的桌子擺好了。leave sth.to sb.（在死后）將……留給某人；請某人負責某事
His aunt left all her property to him after her death.他姑姑死后將所有財產都留給他了。
I’ll leave it to you to buy the tickets.我委托你負責買票。
lend to 引導；引起，造成，導致。
①Labour leads to happiness.勞動使人幸福。
②Where does this road lead to?這條路通向哪里？ His carelessness led to his failre.他的粗心導致失敗。
Too much work or too little rest often leads to illness.過度工作或很少休息經常導致疾病。
Difference of opinion led to a heated argument.意見分歧導致了激烈的爭論。lecture, speech, talk, repot
lecture多指學術方面的“演講，報告”；而speech指在公眾面前做的經過準備的較正式的“演說，發言”；talk是一般性的“講話，談話”，report指正式的“報告，報道，匯報”。[應用]英譯漢
①give a lecture
②attend a lecture ③make a speech
④give a talk ⑤receive a report
⑥make a report ⑦send in a report
⑧a school report
key:①作演講 ②出席演講會 ③發表演說 ④發表講話 ⑤收到報告⑥作報告 ⑦呈交報告 ⑧成績報告單
lie—lied—lied—lying lie—lay—lain—lying lay—laid—laid—laying
分析：(1)lie—lied—lied—lying意思是“說謊”。例：I have never lied in my life.Obviously he was lying.(2)lie—lay—lain—lying意思是：“躺、平放、臥”“位于”。
例：The children lay on the grass, looking at the beautiful sky.The look is lying on the desk.(3)lay—laid—laid—laying 意思是“放置”“產（卵）”“下（蛋）”，lay是原形
高考英語復習知識點概要
動詞。
例：She laid the baby gently down on the bed.The hen laid an egg yesterday.注意：①lying既是“說謊”的現在分詞，又是“躺、位于”的現在分詞。
②lay既是“放置、產卵”“下蛋”的原形動詞，又是“躺、位于”的過去式。lie in 短語動詞lie in 意為“在于”。如：
The way out lies in the development of education.like 用法小結
（1）like 用做動詞（及物）通常表示一般的“喜歡”，為口語用詞，詞意沒有love感情強烈，反義詞為hate。
①like + n.(pron.)Does Li Ming like bananas？李明喜歡吃香蕉嗎？ Do you like it?你喜歡它嗎？ ②like + v.-ing(動名詞)Do you like working in China?你喜歡在中國工作嗎？
③like + to + v.(不定式)I like to keep busy.我喜歡生活得緊張。
④would like(=would love)后接名詞、代詞或不定式，多用于有禮貌地提出要求，意為“想要、愿意”。Would you like something to drink?你想喝點什么嗎？ I’d like two sweaters for my daughter.我要給我女兒買兩件運動衫。
Would you like to come?你愿意來嗎？
⑤How do you like...?(=What do you think of...?)此句型用于詢問對方對某人（物）的看法，意為“你覺得 ……怎么樣？”
How do you like China?你覺得中國怎么樣？
(2)like 用做介詞，意為“像……一樣”，反義詞為unlike。
①like 后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。Don’t throw it like that.別那樣扔它。
They’re round,like the moon.它們是圓的，像月亮一樣。
Walking on the moon is just like flying.在月球上行走就像飛一樣。
②look like意為“看起來像……一樣”。It looks like a chicken.它看起來像一只雞。③feel like+v-ing意為“想……”。I had a little,but I don’t feel like eating.我吃了一點，可我不想吃。
④What’s the weather like...?(=How’s the weather like...?)此句型用來詢問天氣情況，意為“……天氣怎么樣？”。
What’s the weather like in Australia now?現在澳大利亞天氣情況怎么樣？ It’s(just)like sb.to do sth.該句意思是“某人（恰恰）就是……這個樣子”，表示贊揚或不滿；若用否定式，則表示懷疑。如： It is just like her to think of others before thinking of herself.like crazy
這是一個固定詞組，口語用語，意為“瘋狂地”，“拼命地”。如：
In order to finish his work on time, he worked like crazy.crazy是個形容詞，意為“狂熱的”，“醉心的”，與about連用。如：
Most youths are crazy about famous stars.live by it賴……為生；以……為生（Δ不可用于被動語態）
Live by(one’s)pen 以筆耕為生 live out 活著，熬過
live through(it)活過，度過……而不死（Δ不可用于被動語態）
The patient will not live through the night.l ive…life過著……生活
live a hard life過著艱苦的生活 live a happy life 過著愉快的生活 live a quiet life過著安靜的生活 live a miserable life過著悲慘的生活
Einstein lived the rest of his life quietly in the USA.愛因斯坦在美國安靜地度過了他的余生。
The working people are living a happy life now.勞動人民過著幸福的生活。由look構成的短語：
look back upon/on回顧，回想過去
I like to look back upon my high-school days.我喜歡回憶我高中時的歲月。
Perhaps some day it will be pleasant to look back upon these days.或許將來有一天回憶起這些日子很令人愉快。
look as if /as though看起來好像
look around環視四周
look after照顧；照看
look out當心
look behind回頭看
look through瀏覽
look down向下看
look up 向上看；查尋
look into調查；研究 look at,stare at,glance at
look at指把眼睛轉向目標，譯成“看，看著”；stare at 表示由于吃驚、害怕或深思而張大眼睛看，譯
高考英語復習知識點概要
成“盯著，注視，凝視”，glance at指“匆匆一看，一瞥”。對比：
She stared at the footprint,full of fear.她兩眼盯著腳印，滿心恐懼。I’d like to look at your photo.我想看看你的照片。
The middle-aged woman glanced at her watch and hurried off.那位中年婦女匆匆看了一下表就離開了。
注意搭配：stare straight at 直直地盯著；stare into space凝視著空中；stare sb.in the face 盯著某人的臉看；stare sb.up and down.上下打量某人；glance over(through)a letter匆匆閱讀一封信；glance round a room匆匆環視房間；at a glance 一看就……；give/take a glance at 對……匆匆一看。[應用]完成句子
①她凝視遠方，在思考著
She was ________ ________the distance,thinking.②她羞澀地從她的扇子后面看了他一眼。She ______shyly______him form behind her fan.Key:①staring,into ②glanced,at look forward to sth.(doing sth.)渴望、企盼…… ①They are looking forward to getting news of him.他們渴望聽到有關他的消息。
②We should look forward,and don’t give up.我們應該向前看（樂觀一些）不能放棄。
lose one’s sight(way;life;work;reason)分別表示：失明；迷路；犧牲；失業；失去理智等。如： His son lost his life in the fighting.他兒子在戰斗中犧牲了。Love be in love with sb.該短語意為“愛上某人”，其中的be可用fall替換，即fall in love with sb.也意為“愛上某人”。如： Henry was/fell in love with Mary.make love to sb.向某人示愛 make a promise 該動詞短語意為“允諾”，其中的promise為名詞，與它搭配的詞組還有keep one’s promise(守信)等。如：
He’s always making promises and then breaking them.Promise 也可是動詞（vt.& vi.）意為“允諾”，“答應”。
所用動詞句型為：
promise to do sth(不定式作賓語)promise sb.to do sth.（后接雙賓語）promise(sb)that – clause(that-clause為賓語從句)
如：①He promises me to buy a bike for my birthday gift.②He promises me that he will buy a bike for my birthday gift.make……do sth.使……做某事。做補語的不定式不帶to,但在被動語態中則帶to,即:be made to do sth.The landlord made him work 12 hours a day.地主讓他一天干12個小時的活。
被動式：He was made to work 12 hours a day(by the landlord).與make意義相近的詞還有let/have/get,但get的使用結構為:get…to do sth.How can we get the trees to grow quicker?我們怎么能讓樹長快點呢？
make fun of取笑；嘲笑。①It’s wrong to make fun of the blind.取笑盲人是不對的。②It’s bad manners to make fun of a person who is in trouble.拿困境中的人開玩笑是不禮貌的。
make sure 弄肯定，設法做到，確保，安排妥，務必,后接賓語從句。如：
He made sure that he had enough food for the journey.他設法為旅行備足了食物。Make sure(that)you pick the child up at five.Please make sure the house is locked.務必確保房門已鎖上。
make sure 后還可接of或about ,指“弄清，搞明”如：
Have you made sure of the time of the train?你搞清楚火車的時間了嗎？
We’ve made sure of our seats for the movie.比較：be sure of sth./be sure that……確信…… be sure to do sth.一定……，必然……
be sure of doing sth.對做某事有把握
如： I’m sure of his success.= I’m sure that he’ll succeed.我確信他會成功。
He is sure to succeed.他一定會成功的。（說話人的判斷）
He is sure of succeeding in the exam.他對考試成功是有把握的。
注意：It’s certain that he’ll win.此時不能用It’s sure that ……
make…to one’s own measure“依照某人的尺寸做……”如：
This coat is made to you own measure,I’m sure it will fit you nicely.這件大衣是你訂做的，我想肯定很合身。
高考英語復習知識點概要
to當介詞用，“依照、按照”如：
She is dancing to the music.她在隨音樂節拍跳舞。make up 編（造）；構成；化妝make up 組成，構成。還有“化妝、打扮；編造（故事等），彌補” 之意The government is made up of ten members.She made up a story to avoid being examined.It’s a lie.He made up the story.這是謊言，都是他編造出來的。
Ten doctors made up a medical team.十名醫生組成了一支醫療隊。
Although she doesn’t make up, she looks beautiful.盡管不化妝，她依然美麗。make use of 該短語動詞意為“利用”，其中use 前可被good,the best, much,little no修飾。如：
You must make good use of any opportunities you have of practi-sing English.以 use為核心，組成的詞組有：
in use 在使用中；out of use(目前)不使用
come into use 開始被使用；go out of use 不再使用。
manage
vt.經營；設法；對付
She managed the house very well.她把家管理得很好。
We managed to finish the work ahead of time.我們設法提前完成了任務。
I shan’t be able to manage without help.沒有人幫助，我無法辦到。
[辨析] manage to do sth./try to do sth.manage to do sth.強調已達到目的或出現了結果，含“成功”之意。try to do sth.意為“試圖或盡力做某事”，多表示一種企圖或決心，而不表示一定成功。如：
we’ve managed to make up for the lost time.我們設法把失去的時間補了回來。
He tried to pass the examination,but failed.他努力想通過考試，但沒成功。manage to do/try to do manage to do sth.意為“設法完成或做到某事”，含有成功之意。
He managed to organize a live concert.= He succeeded in organizing a live concert.他設法組織了一次現場直播的音樂會。try to do sth.意為“試圖做，盡力做某事”，是否成功，并不肯定。He tried to work it out, but he failed.他努力想把它算出來，但沒成功。marry
She married very early/well.她結婚很早/她嫁得很好。
Jane iis going to marry John.簡就要嫁給約翰了。—Is she married?她結婚了嗎？
—Yes, she has been married for five years.是的，她已經結婚五年了。
She was married to a doctor.她和一個醫生結了婚。He married his son to a rich lady.他為獨生子娶了個有錢的女子。masses of…
該詞組意為“大量的”，與lots of 相同，后接可數名詞或不可數名詞。如：They saved masses of money by improving technology.a mass of…意為“一大堆……”，“一大片……”。“情態動詞may/might +完成時”的結構，有以下用法：
①may/might + have + 過去分詞表示推測過去某動作“可能”發生了。如：
I can’t find my sunglasses, I may/might have left them at the
restaurant yesterday.一般來說，may和might兩者意思上沒什么區別，只是may比might表示的可能性大些。如： He may have heard of it from Jack.He might have heard of it from Jack.在下列情況下，may和might 用法有區別：
句子的主要動詞是現在時，間接引語中用may/might;
句子的主要動詞是過去時，間接引語中只用might.如：
He says that she may/might have misunderstood him.He said that she might have misunderstood him.②might + have + 過去分詞，表示對本來可能發生而實際并未發生的動作的感嘆或遺憾含有“責備”、“抱怨”之意，而may + 完成時無此含義。如： You might have told us earlier.This medicine might have cured your cough mean to do sth.該結構意為“有意要干某事”。如：
I’m very sorry if I hurt your feelings in fact.I didn’t mean to.mend;repair
第四篇：上海高考英語整理知識點講義
21.對于某人來說很熟悉
be familiar to sb.22.因為…而著名
be famous for 23.作為…而著名
be famous as 24.為全世界的人所知名
be famous to people all over the world 25.據我所知 as far as I know 26.被…吸引住
be fascinated with/by sth.27.舉行告別會
hold a farewell party 28.過時了不時髦了 be out of fashion 29.失寵失利；
lose favour 30.支持；贊成be in favour of 31.幫某人忙
ask a favour of sb.32.用…來喂養… feed…on/with… 33.吃，以…為食物
feed on 34.把…喂給…吃
feed sth.to sb.35.與困難作斗爭
fight against difficulities 36.算出；弄清楚
figure out 37.裝滿
be filled with 38.決賽
the finals 39.因做某事而罰某人款 fine sb.for doing sth.40.著火
catch fire 41.把火撲滅
put out a fire 42.被解雇了
be fired/dismissed 43.試穿
fit on 44.適合(做)… be fit for/to do sth.45.保持健康
keep fit 46.注視… fix one’s eyes on/upon 47.長距離飛行
a long distance flight 48.流利的英語
fluent English 49.集中注意力
focus attention /mind on 50.民間音樂
focus attention/mind on 51.如下
as follows 52.聽從忠告
follow one’s advice 53.食物鏈
food train 54.某人做某事是愚蠢的It’s foolish of sb.to do sth.55.禁止某人做某事 forbid sb.to do sth 56.禁止做某事
forbid doing sth.57.地心引力的力量
the force of gravity 58.強迫某人做某事
force sb.to do sth.59.天氣預報
the weather forecast 60.填寫表格
fill in a form 61.以…的形式
in the form of 62.前任總統
former president/student/wife 63.發財
make a fortune 64.提出
put forward 65.期盼;等待
look forward to sth.66.釋放某人
set sb.free
67.沒有…的；免除的be free of/from 68.冰點
freezing point 69.冷凍食物
frozen food 70.淡水
fresh water 71.與---交朋友
make friends with 72.把某人嚇死
frighten sb.to death 73.從那時起
from then on 74.充滿的；有很多的be full of 75.為了消遣
for fun 76.開玩笑
make fun of 77.在最近，久遠的將來 in the near /distant future 78.增重
gain weight 79.一般說來
generally speaking 80.代溝 generation gap 81.克服，戰勝困難；從(疾病，震驚等)中恢復
get over 82．在某方面有天賦
have a gift for 83.投降;屈服；上交
give in 84.發出(蒸汽、光等)give off 85.發出(熱、氣味等];分發；(供給等)用完；筋疲力盡 give out 86.放棄
give up 87.看一眼glance at/towards/up 88.復習;走到另一邊去；檢查 go over 89.出去；(燈火)熄滅
go out 90.走上前去 go up to 91.完成目標
achieve a goal 92.進球
score a goal 93.黃金時代
golden age 94.對某人/某物有好處 be good for sb.95.好多
a good many 96.認為理所當然
take it for granted that 97.因…感激某人be grateful to sb.for sth./doing sth.98.感激地
with gratitude 99.用微笑/吻來迎接/招呼某人 greet sb.with a smile/kiss 100.人口的增長
the growth of population 1.養成做某事的習慣 form a habit of doing sth/ get in to a habit of doing 2.切成兩半
cut sth by half/ into halves 3.手拉手
hand by hand 4.上交
hand in
5.碰巧做
sb.happens to do= It so happens that 6.刻苦工作
be hard at work 7.對…有害
do harm to= be harmful to 8.和睦相處
live in harmony 9.在某方面有問題/困難
have problems/ trouble/ difficulty with sth.10.前往
head for 11.身體健康良好
in good health 12.聽說，得悉，hear about 13.心臟病
heart trouble 14.全心全意地
heart and soul 15.用心記憶，暗記
learn sth.by heart 16.激烈的討論
heated discussion 17.幫助某人做某事
help sb.with/(to)do sth.18.在…的幫助下
with the help of 19.毫不猶豫
without(any)hesitation 20.隱藏
hide sth.from = conceal sth.from 21.以高速度
at high speed 22.高度評價；重視；贊揚
speak/ think highly of 23.歷史性會見
historic meeting 24.歷史研究
historical research 25.打在某人的鼻子
hit sb.on the nose 26.阻擋；抑制
hold back 27.（電話用語)別掛斷；抓牢；堅持
hold on 28.推遲；拖延；擋住
hold off 29.度假
on holiday 30.老實說…
honestly speaking 31.表示敬意；為了招待…；為了紀念
in honor of 32.為祖國爭光
win honor for one’s motherland 33.想要
hope for 34.抱樂觀的希望，盡量往好處想
hope for the best 35.東道國，舉辦國
host nation/ country 36.按小時計酬
pay/ charge by the hour 37.傷害某人的感情
hurt one’s feelings 38.（突然)想到一個主意
come up with an idea 39.不懂，無知的be ignorant of 40.對某人來說做某事是非法的 It is illegal for sb.to do 41.對…產生影響
have an impact on 42.在腦海中留下深刻印象
impress sth.on one’s mind 43.被…深深感動；對…留下深刻印象
be impressed by/with 44.在五十幾歲時
at one’s fifties 45.我不方便做某事
It is inconvenient for me to do 46.個人體育運動項
individual sports 47.把某事通知某人
inform sb.of sth.48.使某人得到通知
keep sb.informed of 49.進一步的消息，更多的信息
further information 50.從…處繼承
inherit sth.from 51.受了重傷
be badly injured 52.鼓勵某人做某事
inspire sb.to do 53.求生的本能
an instinct for survival 54.教、指導、指示某人做某事
instruct sb.to do 55.給房屋保火險
insure one’s house against fire 56.打算做某事
intend to do 57.對…感興趣
take interest in = be interested in 58.追求利益
look for interests 59.每隔一段時間，每隔一段距離
at intervals 60.把…引進；傳入；把…列入；插入
introduce---into 61.婉拒邀請
decline one’s invitation
62.需要做---，包含做---
involve doing sth.63.介入，卷入
be involved in = involve oneself in 64.新聞條目
news items 65.把…從…隔離開
isolate---from 66.交通阻塞
traffic jam 67.參軍
join the army 68.連接
be joined to 69.共同努力
a joint effort/joint efforts 70.惡作劇
a practical joke 71.使某人大為高興的是
to one’s great joy
72.從外表判斷
judge from/ by one’s appearance 73.比…小，地位低
be junior to 74.喜愛…；對…著迷
be keen on 75.敏捷的頭腦
a keen mind 76.記日記
keep a diary 77.阻止；防止
keep---from---78.遵守；保持
keep to 79.消磨時間
kill time 80.一位知識淵博的 a man of knowledge= a knowledgeable man 81.理解;認識
have a good knowledge of 82.快車道
the fast lane 83.最后但并非最不重要的(一點)
last but not least 84.過后，后來
later on 85.嘲笑
laugh at 86.突然大笑起來
burst into laughter 87.犯法
be against the law/ break the law 88.誘使某人做某事
lead sb.to do 89.通向；導致
lead to 90.斜靠
lean against 91.依靠某人做某事
lean on sb.to do 92.至少；最低限度
at least 93.講授…；作關于…的講座
give a lecture on sth.94.給某人一個教訓
teach sb.a lesson 95.位于/在于
lie in 96.乘電梯
take a lift 97.要求搭車
ask for a lift 98.點著的火柴
a lighted match 99.很可能…
It is likely that= be likely to do 100.(靠)…生活
live by doing 1.嚴密保藏某物
keep sth under lock and key 2.渴望得到某物
long for sth 3.渴望做某事
long to do sth 4.很久以前
long before 5.不久，不久以后
before long 6.照顧
look after 7.輕視，看不起
look down on 8.調查
look into 9.把…看作…
look upon/ on---as---10.注意;留神
look out 11.瀏覽；核查
look through 12.依賴
look to = depend on = rely on = lean on 13.輸了一場比賽
lose a game 14.輸了一個球
lose by a goal 15.灰心
lose heart 16.沉迷干…
lose one’s heart
17.茫然不知所措
be at a loss= be at sea 18.停車場
the parking lot 19.碰運氣
try one’s luck/ fortune 20.使某人發瘋
drive / send sb mad 21.發瘋
go mad 22.寄航空郵件
by air mail 23.寄信給某人
mail sth to sb 24.保養公路
maintain a highway 25.主修(工程學)
major in engineering 26.多數；半數以上
a/ the majority of 27.（有目的且快速地)沖向
make for 28.偷;帶著…逃跑
make off with 29.（1）開出；寫出
（2）理解
make out 30.（1）編造（2）化妝（3）構成；湊足
make up 31.補償；彌補
make up for 32.成功地做某事
manage to do 33.上市;出售
on the market 34.娶；嫁；與…結婚
marry sb = get married to sb 35.事實上
as a matter of fact = in fact 36.不要緊
It doesn’t matter.37.意味著做---
mean doing 38.本意為；打算做---
mean to do 39.用；依靠
by means of---40.同時；其間
in the meantime 41.采取措施做某事
take measures to do 42.紀念
in memory of 43.提及做某事
mention doing---44.更不用說；此外
not to mention 45.給某人帶個口信
give sb a message 46.給某人留個條
leave a message for sb 47.牢記某事
keep/ bear sth in mind 48.拿定主意做某事
make up one’s mind to do 49.避免做某事
miss doing sth 50.錯誤地做某事
do sth by mistake 51.把…誤認為…
mistake A for B 52.把---和---混合 mix---with---53.流動圖書館
a mobile library 54.心情好/壞
in a good/ bright/ bad mood 55.沒有心情做某事
be in no mood for doing sth/ to do sth 56.一輪新月
a new moon
57.非常樂意做某事
be more than happy/glad/pleased/ready/willing to do 58.以---的名義
in the name of 59.以---的名字命名
be named after 60.打個盹兒
take/ have a nap 61.土產的be native to 62.如必要的話
if necessary= if it is necessary 63.非常需要
need sth badly 64.對…神經緊張的be nervous about 65.向某人點頭
nod at/ to sb 66.（表示驚奇)不是別的，正是
no(ne)other than 67.記筆記
take notes 68.僅僅；只不過
nothing but 69.（有意)注意
take notice of 70.到現在為止
by now = up to now = up till now = so far 71.既然；由于
now that 72.許多（修飾可數名詞）
a good/ great many= a number of
73.反對做某事
object to doing sth / be opposed to doing sth 74.強迫某人做某事
oblige sb to do = force sb to do 75.因某事而感謝某人
be obliged/ thankful/ grateful to sb for(doing)sth 76.遵守規則
observe the rules 77.慶祝某人的生日
observe one’s birthday 78.我想起一個主意。
An idea occurred to me.79.某人突然想起---
It occurs to sb that---80.提供某人某物
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 81.主動提議做某事
offer to do
82.把…對公眾開放
open sth to the public 83.為某人動手術
operate on 84.依照某人的看法
in one’s opinion 85.對面的be opposite to 86.有次序；整齊
keep sth in good order 87.混亂；發生故障
be out of order 88.命令某人做某事
order sb to do 89.文明的發源
the origin of civilization 90.換言之
in other words 91.除了
other than 92.前幾天
the other day 93.克服缺點/困難
overcome one’s faults/ difficulties 94.悅人的景色
a pleasant outlook 95.開闊視野
broaden/ widen one’s outlook 96.把…歸功干
own---to 97.由于
owing to 98.某人自己的書
a book of one’s own 99.單獨地；獨立無援地
on one’s own
100.跟上時代
keep pace with the times= keep up with the times 1.一雙，一對
a pair of 2.引起恐慌
cause a panic 3.平行的；類似的 be parallel to/ with 4.原諒某人做某事
pardon/ excuse/ forgive sb for doing sth 5.禁止停車
no parking
6.(在…中)起作用
play a part/ role in 7.參與；參加
participate in/ take part in/ join in 8.(過于)講究的;挑剔的；吹毛求疵的 be particular about 9.去世
pass away 10.對(某人)有耐心
have patience with sb = be patient with sb 11.為…鋪平道路
pave the way for 12.償還(欠款)
pay back 13.還清債務
pay off the debt 14.與某人和解；同某人言歸于好
make(one’s)peace with 15.---所特有的be peculiar to 16.用鉛筆
in pen 17.請求許可
ask for permission 18.允許做某事
permit doing sth 19.允許某人做某事
permit sb to do sth 20.孜孜不倦地學習
persevere in doing sth 21.（固執地)堅持
persist in doing 22.說服某人做某事
persuade sb to do= persuade sb into doing 23.說服某人不做某事
persuade sb not to do = persuade sb out of doing 24.分辨，挑出
pick out 25.拾起；獲得；學會；買到；（用車，船）接人
pick up 26.去野餐
go on a picnic 27.清楚地了解
get a clear picture of 28.一堆；一摞
a pile of 29.同情/可憐某人
take/ have pity on sb 30.人民解放軍戰士
PLA man 31.用簡明的英語
in plain English 32.首先
in the first place = first of all= to begin with 33.發生；舉行
take place 34.代替；取代
take the place of 35.按計劃
as planned 36.高興做某事
be pleased to do 37.大量的；充足的plenty of 38.跳入，陷入
plunge into 39.指著
point to/ at 40.指出
point out
41.做某事沒有意義
There is no point/ sense in doing sth 42.改革開放政策
the reform and open-door policy 43.受…的歡迎
be popular with/ among 44.推遲，延期做某事
delay/ postpone/ put off doing sth 45.上臺；執政
come into/ in power 46.停電
power cut/ failure 47.社會實踐
social practice 48.練習做某事
practice doing 49.為某事贊揚某人
praise sb for doing sth 50.為了某事而向某人祈禱
pray to sb for sth 51.祈求做某事
pray to do sth 52.寧愿做---也不做…
prefer to do---than to do---53.為某事做準備
prepare for sth 54.在某人面前
in the presence of sb = in sb’s presence55.出席
be present at 56.贈送；提供
present sth to sb = present sb with sth 57.現政府
the present government 58.記者招待會
press/ news conference 59.保護森林免遭滅絕
preserve forests from extinction 60.假裝做某事/在做某事/已做某事
pretend to do sth/ to be doing sth/ to have done 61.阻止某人做某事
prevent sb from doing sth 62.平/特價
regular/ special price 63.為---感到自豪
be proud of = take pride in 64.基色
primary colour 65.原則上
in principle 66.把某人關進監獄
cast/ throw/ put/ send sb in(to)prison 67.在進行中
in process 68.獲利
make a profit 69.在進展中
in progress 70.取得進步
make progress 71.違背諾言
break a promise 72.守約
keep/ stick to one’s promise 73.許諾某人某事
promise sb.sth.74.答應做某事
promise to do sth 75.保護某人免受…的侵害
protect sb.from/ against sth 76.為某人提供某物
provide sb with sth 77.當眾，公開地
in public 78.對公眾
to the public 79.因某事懲罰某人
punish sb.for sth../ doing sth 80.購買力
purchasing power 81.故意地；有意地
on purpose 82.把---收起，放好
put away 83.放下；記下；鎮壓
put down 84.提出；建議；把(鐘表指針)前撥
put forward 85.關掉，熄滅；脫去，脫掉；推遲
put off 86.穿上；上演；開(燈、收音機等)
put on 87.熄滅；出版；公布；伸出
put out 88.舉起；搭建；提出(計劃等)；留宿
put up 89.容忍
put up with 90.勝任這份工作
be qualified for the job
91.勝任做一名教師
be qualified as a teacher = be qualified to teach
92.（使）具有…資格
qualify sb.as---93.質量好
be of good/ high quality 94.因某事同某人吵架
quarrel with sb.about sth.95.下傾盆大雨
rain cats and dogs 96.提出一個問題
raise a question 97.養育五個孩子
raise five children 98.籌錢
raise money 99.廣泛的a wide range of 100.在---和---之間變化
range from---to---
range between---to---高考寫作常用諺語
觀點陳述：
1.熟能生巧。
2.愛屋及烏
。一石二鳥
。4.有志者事竟成。5.好的開始等于成功的一半
。6 結尾好一切都好
。7.活到老，學到老
。8.入鄉隨俗
。（Rome was not built in a day.偉業非一日之功。）
9.眼見為實
。10.患難見真情。11.英雄所見略同。12.知識就是力量。
13.As the tree,so the fruit.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。.14.All that glitters is not gold.閃光的未必都是金子。
總結感召：
15．行動勝過語言。
（Facts speak plainer than words.事實勝于雄辯。）16.說起來容易做起來難
。17.欲速則不達
。18三思而后行
。19萬事開頭難
。.（A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。）
20言出必行
。21..失敗是成功之母
。（Experience is the mother of wisdom.實踐出真知。）Slow and steady wins the race.穩扎穩打無往而不勝 23 A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一塹，長一智。
For you:
24.No pain;no gain.沒有付出就不會有收獲 25.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。26.An idle youth,a needy age.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。
27.36.To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活著為了學習，學習為了更好的活著。28.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。
29.Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of being defeated.知己知彼 百戰百勝
30.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，謬之千里。
第五篇：高考生物知識點總結
高等植物 ：葉綠素 胡蘿卜素藍藻：藻藍素“桿” “球”“弧”原核生物 藍藻包括顫藻，藍球藻，念球藻，發菜
8組成人體的氨基酸不都在人體內合成，有的需要在食物中獲取
9蛋白質變性是指空間結構的改變
10阮病毒只有蛋白質，擬病毒只有核酸
11原核生物除了細菌和藍藻外還有放線菌，支原體，衣原體，立克次氏體
12藻類中只有藍藻是原核生物
14單糖都是還原糖，麥芽糖，五碳糖也是還原糖，二糖中只有蔗糖不是還原糖，多糖都是非還原糖
15不是所有原核生物都有細胞壁，如支原體
16寄生和腐生是異養，分解者營腐生而病毒營寄生
17酶的化學本質是蛋白質而不是氨基酸，基因的本質是有遺傳效應的DNA片段，而不是蘊含信息的核苷酸序列
18不同功能的細胞間mRNA一般不同 但也可能相同，如都含有翻譯成呼吸酶的mRNA ２１學過的多糖的水解產物都是葡萄糖
２６ＲＮＡ病毒： ＨＩＶ，ＳＡＲＳ，流感，煙草花葉，車前草
ＤＮＡ病毒：噬菌體
２７肽聚糖是細菌的細胞壁的結構多糖
２８膽固醇的作用：保證細胞膜有柔韌性，參與血液中脂質的運輸，一般在動物細胞膜上存在３０癌細胞三大特點 無線增殖，細胞結構改變，細胞膜結構改變（糖減少，粘性減弱）３１糖蛋白還有保護和潤滑的作用，如消化道和呼吸道上皮表面的糖蛋白
３２線粒體葉綠體中也有核糖體
３５滑面型內質網與糖類脂質的合成有關，粗面型內質網魚蛋白質的合成有關
３９液泡是成熟植物細胞的標志
４０根尖分生區無大液泡
４１細胞是生物體代謝遺傳的基本單位而不是細胞核，細胞核是遺傳信息庫
４２線粒體是細胞內產生二氧化碳的唯一場所
４３細胞是生物體結構和功能的基本單位
４４有葉綠體有液泡就為高等植物細胞，再有中心體就為低等植物細胞
４５質壁分離是由于原生質層的伸縮性大于細胞壁
４６原生質層不包括細胞核
４８植物的失水和吸水的過程是自由擴散，細胞膜蛋白不參與此過程
５０生物膜的結構特點：流動性也包括蛋白質脂質的分布的不對稱性
５１尿素的形成在肝臟，排出在腎臟
５２脂溶性物質進入膜依靠自由擴散
５４植物根系吸收礦物質離子的部位是根尖成熟區
５７糖蛋白的作用：決定血型，信息傳遞，免疫反應，細胞識別
５９ＡＴＰ是進行生命活動的直接能源物質而不是能量
６１厭氧性生物不含有線粒體
６２一般動物的無氧呼吸是乳酸型，植物的無氧呼吸是酒精型但白菜根，馬鈴薯塊莖等特定器官是乳酸型
６３微生物的無氧呼吸也叫做發酵，動植物的無氧呼吸不能叫做發酵
６４異化作用：生物體分解自身的一部分有機物，把分解的終產物排出體外，同時釋放能量同化作用：利用營養物質，合成自身物質，并儲存能量
７０紡錘絲＝星射線 都為蛋白質細絲
７１與細胞板形成有關的的細胞器是高爾基體
７３生殖細胞無細胞周期，因為一個細胞只進行一次減數分裂
７５若抑制放紡錘絲的形成，則ＤＮＡ照常復制，而細胞無法分裂成兩個細胞
７７分化一般不可逆 反例：紅骨髓黃骨髓之間的轉化
生殖細胞的形成就是細胞分化的結果
81精細胞變成精子，不屬于減數分裂過程
82肺炎雙球菌轉化試驗中，加熱后的s型細菌莢膜變性失活，從而沒有毒性，而加熱后的s型細菌的DNA在一定溫度范圍內非常穩定，即使解鏈后，冷卻也能重新成鏈，但細胞膜已經全透，于是s型細菌的DNA出來進入R型菌的細胞內，與其遺傳物質進行基因重組。83基因是遺傳物質的結構和功能的基本單位，其主要載體是染色體，呈線性排列你。線粒體和葉綠體也是基因的載體。原核生物的基因是裸露的。
84DNA解旋需要解旋酶，而DNA合成時氫鍵是自然形成的是，不需要酶的作用，DNA聚合酶是用來形成磷酸二酯鍵的87核糖體由rRNA和蛋白質構成88 轉錄時，只以DNA的一條鏈為模板，而且每次都是這條為模板
在DNA上的叫遺傳信息，在RNA上的叫遺傳密碼
兩種蛋白質的合成過程中，與核糖體結合的信使RNA堿基數目相同，但蛋白質所含的氨基酸數目不同，因為起始密碼終止密碼引起的差異；翻譯后的肽鏈進行了不同的加工，分別切除了不同數量的氨基酸
吞噬細胞有識別作用（非特異性），漿細胞無識別作用，而漿細胞產生的抗體有特異性識別作用
胰島素可以促進組織細胞將葡萄糖轉化為各種/某些氨基酸
120J型曲線的增長率是種群的最大增長率，即使S型曲線的K/2處的增長率也不會達到最大增長率
水生植物的分層取決于光質（不同的光對水的穿透力不同），水生動物的分層取決于氧氣
食物鏈的起點一定是生產者，僅有消費者不是食物鏈。
并不是所有的細胞都有細胞周期，細胞分裂產生的子細胞有三種去向：繼續分裂；暫不分裂；永不分裂。其中只有的細胞才有細胞周期。
細胞板是真實存在的，他是高爾基體在赤道板位置密集而形成的一種結構，他向四周擴展形成新的細胞壁，顯微鏡下可以觀察到該結構，他是植物所特有的區別于動物細胞的標志。赤道板只表示一個位置，不真實存在，顯微鏡下觀察不到。
基因的分離定律與自由組合定律發生的時間沒有先后，同時發生在同源染色體分離的時候。
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