第一篇：英語虛擬語氣教學設計

2011——2012年第一學期期末語法課考試題型

I.Clause Elements(10 points)

Read the sentences and analyse the clause elements in each of them.Use the letters S,V,O,C and A to represent the various elements:

Subject

(S)Verb

(V)Object

(O)Complement

(C)Adverbial

(A)

The first sentence is an example.David Livingstone | lived | in Africa | for more than ten years.S

V

A

A

II.Blank Filling(20 points)Fill in the blank with the verb given in the parentheses.III.Multiple Choice(20 points)There are twenty incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer in the numbered squares below.IV.Blank Filling(10 points)Fill in the blanks in the following short passage, using appropriate articles or other determiners.V.Error Correction(10 points)This is a composition written by a 13-year-old student.Correct the grammatical errors in the following composition.Write the corrected version below.VI.Translation(20 points)A.Translate the following sentences into English.(2 points each)

B.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(3 points each)

VII.Statement, Question, Command, Exclamation(10 point)Read the following headlines taken from newspapers.The punctuation marks have been left out.After each headline, write in the blank the type of communicative function they serve: Statement, Question, Command or Exclamation.

第二篇：虛擬語氣教學設計

2011—2012學第一學期高二英語必修6導學案

班級：

姓名：

學習小組：

層級編碼：

組內(nèi)評價：

教師評價：

【善歸納】對過去情況的虛擬（和過去的事實相反）：其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時，或would, could, might+現(xiàn)在完成時。

【牛刀小試】____________________________(要是我試著沒修表多好啊).I made it worse.3.>I wish she would change her mind.我希望她會改變主意

【善歸納】對將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀愿望)：從句動詞“would/should/could/might + 動詞原形” 【牛刀小試】你希望她第二天會到

_______________________________________________

二、If 引導的虛擬語氣條件狀語從句

【品味經(jīng)典】If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sport meet.If I had taken his advice, I should have not made such a mistake.【善歸納】表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句謂語：過去式（be-were）；主句：would/should/could/might+do

表示與將來事實相反，從句謂語：過去式（be-were）/should do/were to；主句：

would/should/could/might+do

表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語：had done；主句：would/should/could/might have+done

【牛刀小試】如果你把杯子丟下來，杯子會碎的。

___________________________________________________________________

三、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞的后面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country.(我們建議學生應在說英語的國家呆上兩三年。

【善歸納】由于這些動詞本身隱含說話者的主觀意見，認為某事應該或不應該怎樣，這些詞語后面的“that”從句應用虛擬語氣，且均以“should+動詞原形”表示這種語氣，但事實上“should”常被省略，故此從句中謂語動詞用原形

【牛刀小試】主席堅持認為我們應該再討論一下這個問題。

_________________________________________________________________

【Self-checking】 【Summary】 主備人：王斐 審核： 包科領導： 年級主任： 使用時間：

Grammar-Subjunctive Mood 【Learning aims】

1.To understand the different forms of Subjunctive Mood.2.Learn to use the different forms of Subjunctive Mood correctly and freely through cooperative study.3.Be great English users.【Important and difficult points】

Decide which kind of form should be used according to the context 【Instructions】

1.Preview the usage of Subjunctive Mood.2.Finish the learning guide paper independently and tick out the difficulties before class.【Independent Learning】 TaskⅠCorrect the mistakes of the following mistakes.1.You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.2.I insisted that you(should)be wrong.3.It is necessary that he(should)come to our meeting tomorrow 4.If he were here, everything would be all right.5.Now that he is in China, he wishes he understands Chinese.【Cooperative Study】

TaskⅡTask Ⅱ Read and understand the following patterns and finish the translation

一、在動詞wish后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

1>I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.我希望我的家鄉(xiāng)一年四季都是春天。

【善歸納】對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬（與現(xiàn)在的事實相反）：其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語be和were,實義動詞用過去式

【牛刀小試】我真希望我是一個很博學的人。

___________________________________________________________________

2.> I wish you had called earlier.我希望你早些打電話了。

【教師寄語】Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.胸中有知識，勝于手中有金錢。

【Learning Reflection】

1.What I have got(我的收獲)_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.My puzzling points(我的困惑)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________

Teaching procedure: Step1.lead-in : ask the students to find sentences concerning to the usage of Subjunctive Mood from the reading passage.Step2.explanation of the learning aims Step3.students answer questions in Independent learning and then check answers together Step4.discussion of Cooperative study part Step5.presentation&comments Step6.questions&answers Step7.check-yourself Step8.summary Step9.homework

Through group work, we hope that students will learn knowledge with delight and with good methods, and alsi all of them can grt fully involved in class activity.【教師寄語】Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.胸中有知識，勝于手中有金錢。

第三篇：英語之虛擬語氣歸納整理

高考英語之虛擬語氣歸納整理

英語的動詞有三種語氣形式，即陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。陳述語氣用來說明事實或就事實提出詢問，可用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句中；祈使語氣用于表示請求、命令、建議或警告等。虛擬語氣是謂語動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達假設、主觀愿望、猜測、建議、可能或空想等非真實情況。如：

1.虛擬語氣

He is honest.他很誠實。（陳述語氣）

Don‘t be late next time.下次別遲到。（祈使語氣）

If I were you，I would not go.我要是你，我就不會去。（虛擬語氣）I wish I had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多錢就好了。（虛擬語氣）2第一類

虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法：

條件句有真實條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。真實條件句所表示的假設是有可能發(fā)生的，此時主句不用虛擬語氣；而虛擬條件句則表示一種假想，與事實相反或不大可能會發(fā)生，此時用虛擬語氣。如： If I have time，I will go.假若我有時間，我就去。（陳述語氣）

If I were you，I would go.假若我是你，我就去。（虛擬語氣）

條件句的謂語時態(tài)類型 主句謂語形式 例句 形式

1.If I were you, I should 動詞過去式 與現(xiàn)在事實would/should/could/might+ V原study English.did 相反 形 2.I would certainly go if *be 多用were I had time.1.If you had taken my

advice, you would not have 動詞過去完成would/should/could/might + failed in the test.式 have done 2.If I had left a little had done earlier, I would have caught the train.與過去事實相反

1.If you came tomorrow, we ①動詞過去式 would have the meeting.① 與將來事實would/should/could/might + V②should +V2.If it were to rain 相反 原形 原 tomorrow, the meeting ③were + to do would be put off.③

*規(guī)律總結(jié)：從句都往過去推一個時態(tài)，如：與現(xiàn)在相反的if從句就用過去時；與過去相反用過去完成時（即過去的過去）

注：特別說明

1、l would/should/could/might主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后；would表示結(jié)果還表示過去經(jīng)常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允許或可能性。比較：

If you tried again，you would succeed.要是你再試一試，你就會成功的。(would表結(jié)果)If you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再試一試，你可能會成功的。(might表可能)If you tried again，you could succeed.要是你再試一試，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

2、錯綜時間虛擬條件句 即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚藭r應根據(jù)具體的語境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對時態(tài)作相應的調(diào)整：

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下過雨的話，現(xiàn)在地面就會是濕的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你當時聽我的話，你現(xiàn)在就會好多了。

3、If虛擬條件句的否定（含蓄條件句）常考兩個句型：If it weren’t for?和If it hadn’t been for?，其意為“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是沒有水植物就無法生長。

If it hadn’t been for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=But for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=Without your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果沒有你的幫助，我們不會成功的。

4、If虛擬條件句的倒裝形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：

Were I in school again(= If I were in school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次學，我會學習得更努力。

Had you asked me, I would have told you.(=If you had asked me,?)如果你問我，我會告訴你。

3第二類

使用虛擬語氣的常見結(jié)構(gòu)或從句：

1.*wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：

（1）We hope they will come.(We don’t know if they can come.)

（2）We wish they could come.(We know they are not coming.)我們希望他們能來。

2.if only 與 I wish一樣，也用于表示與事實相反的愿望，其后所虛擬語氣的時態(tài)與 wish后所接時態(tài)的情況相同：

If only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents!我要是當時聽了父母的話就好了。

If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常獨立使用，沒有主句。

3.lwould rather后句子用虛擬語氣 只分現(xiàn)在和過去

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that從句中, 句子謂語習慣上要用虛擬語氣，表示“寧愿做什么”，具體用法為：

① 一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?/p>

I’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我寧愿你明天(現(xiàn)在)去。

② 用過去完成時表過去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你沒有這樣說過。

4.las if(though)從句用虛擬語氣

以as if(as though)引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句，有時用虛擬語氣,則與wish用法相同，例： He acts as if he knew me.他顯得認識我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger.他們待我如陌生人。

He talks as if he had been abroad.他說起話來好像曾經(jīng)出過國。

注：兩點說明

(1)從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實或可能為事實，也可用陳述語氣：

It looks as if we’ll be late.我們似乎要遲到了。

(2)注意 It isn’t as if?的翻譯：

It isn’t as if he were poor.他不像窮的樣子(或他又不窮)。

4第三類

從句中should+動詞原形，should可省略

1.在 lest，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引導的目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣

She walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很輕以免吵醒她的室友。

2.表應當做 值得做 一類動詞后的賓語從句

建議advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command請求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提議move, vote希望desire堅持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：

I insisted that he(should)stay.我堅持要他留下。

He urged that they go to Europe.他督促他們到歐洲去。

He suggested that we shouldleave early.他建議我們早點動身。

He ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。

I ask that he leave.我要求他走開。

He requires that I(should)appear.他要求我出場。

I move that we accept the proposal.我提議通過這項提案。

He arranged that I should go abroad.他安排我去國外。

She desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。

The general directed that the prisoners should be set free.將軍指示釋放那些俘虜。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“堅持認為”不用虛擬語氣

比較：

He insisted that Ihad read his letter.他堅持說我看過他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter.他堅持要我看他的信。

He suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我覺得你與他心照不宣。

3.order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句 Our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我們的建議是你應該第一個去。

4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order

l “It is(was)+ 緊急 重要--帶感情色彩

上述demand/suggest等動詞過去分詞 或

important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容詞 后的主語從句

1.It is ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 a.m.2.It is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.注：*It is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對必要), impossible, improper,obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed

第四類

It’s time后的從句用虛擬語氣從句謂語通常用過去式表示(早)該干某事了

*有時也用過去進行時或“should+動詞原形”(較少見，且should不能省略)

ex.It’s time we went [were going, should go].我們該走了。

It’s time I was in bed.我該上床睡了。(不用were)

It's time = It is(the very/high/right/about)time

第五類

表示祝愿話語中也可以用虛擬語氣。

May godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。

May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康長壽美滿幸福。

第六類

在少數(shù)句型中，謂語用虛擬語氣。

1）有that引導的句子（表示愿望或沮喪情緒）That the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下來。

2）由would that引導的句子（表示但愿）Would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。

3）由to think引導的句子（表示沒想到）To think that I trusted him.沒想到我竟然信了他。5 wish和as if

1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望

構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + 動詞過去式（be 一律用were）

例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。

I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望這個實驗是成功的。

We wish we had wings.我們希望有翅膀。

2.表示與過去事實相反的愿望

構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + would/could + have + 過去分詞或had + 過去分詞 例如：I wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天來過。

I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。

I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我沒有去參加晚會，但是我真的希望我去過那里。

3.表示將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望

構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + would/should/could/might + 原形動詞

例如：I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次嘗試。

I wish that someday I should live on the moon.We wish that they would come soon.II.AS IF 引出的虛擬。

As if?.表好像??我們經(jīng)常會利用一下句型來表達不能實現(xiàn)的虛擬狀態(tài)：It is as if??。(就好象是??)

As if + 從句，主句。（好像?? Sb.+ do?）表達一種假設的條件。而 As if 之后的假設內(nèi)容的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和wish虛擬的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣。

L.33 A Day to Remember 中原句，“As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設虛擬。北京新東方名師指出，要善于總結(jié)出一些學習語法的技巧，如利用對比，舉例等方法進行學習。

注：Something is to happened，I'm to face it。

6注意事項

使用虛擬條件句時要注意的幾點：

1．當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應的調(diào)整。如：

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.2．if 省略句在條件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder.→ Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：我們可以說：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.但不能說：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.3．用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有with, without, but for。如：

What would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)

We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn't got your help)

But for the rain(= If it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄條件句

有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。

I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副詞)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞)

A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定語從句）I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(連詞)

Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))

混合型與含蓄型虛擬語氣

1。混合型虛擬語氣：

當虛擬條件從句與結(jié)果主語所表達的時間不一致時，被稱為“混合條件句”，這種虛擬語氣被稱為“混合型虛擬語氣”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表達的時間作相應調(diào)整。如：

If you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(條件從句表達的時間是過去，因此用had+過去分詞；主句表示的時間是現(xiàn)在，因此用would+動詞原形)

2.含蓄型虛擬語氣：

有時候，虛擬條件不是通過if引導的條件句來表示，而是暗含在上下文中

（1）.用but for、without(如果沒有）等來代替條件從句，如

Without electricity human life would be quite different=If there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different

(2)用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語氣。如： I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long before.=I lost your address.If I hadn't lost your address ,I would have visited you long before.(3)虛擬條件通過but暗示出來。如：

He would have given you more help,but he was too busy

他本來會給你更多的幫助，但是他太忙了。也就是說，如果那時他不忙，他可以給你更多的幫助。句中but he was too busy實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果那時他不忙

He would lose weight,but he eats too much

他本來可以減肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是說，如果他吃得不多的話，他是可以減肥的。句中的but he eats too much實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果他吃得不多

第四篇：虛擬語氣復習教學設計

虛擬語氣復習教學設計

Teaching aim 1 get students to master the main points of subjunctive mood 2 learn to use some of them in everyday life Teaching analysis

Students have know something about subjunctive mood in Senior two but they still make more or less mistakes when using this grammar.Therefore it has become a big problem how students use subjunctive mood correctly.Teaching points Make good use of subjunctive mood according to language situations.Teaching aid

Teaching multimedia whiteboard Teaching procedures 1.leading in listen to a song and then fill in the blanks accordingly If you ___ the only girl in the worldand I ___ the only boy!Nothing else ____ matter in the world today we _____go on loving in the same old way!A garden of Eden just made for twowith nothing to mar our joy I _____ say such wonderful things to youthere ____be such wonderful things to do 2 do some exercises

A If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel，more birds and animals________dying out.B ________anyone call，please tell him I’m not free.C I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.—I________，either，if my mother hadn’t reminded me

D—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood? —Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English E Without the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.F —Sorry indeed，I________to your birthday party if...—Forget it.I know you were out on business.Why do you look so upset? —I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I________more about her.......3 summaize the points of subjunctive mood A if 條件狀語從句

B wish would rather if only C名詞性從句虛擬一二三四 D but for /without E had done to do F 情態(tài)動詞+have done 4.how to judge the tense of subjunctive mood A 語境 2 謂語動詞3 時間 5 correct mistakes He would be a college student now if he studied hard.Without your help I could have admitted to the key university.Had you abandoned her, you will not regret now.......6 homework Teaching design Maint points detailed problems 1.1.2.2.3.3.4.4.Teaching reflection Good points points to be improved

第五篇：英語選修6虛擬語氣

The Subjunctive Mood虛擬語氣(必修6)

Teaching goals 教學目標

1.Target language 目標語言

a.重點詞匯和短語

wish， aggressive, scholar, in the flesh

b.重點句式

I wish...were / did...If...were / did...,...would / could / should / might do...2.Ability goals能力目標

Enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different situations.3.moral goals 情感目標

Enable the students to use the subjunctive mood to express their emotion Teaching important and difficult points 教學重難點

Enable the students to use the correct form of the subjunctive mood.Teaching methods教學方法

Summarizing;comparative method;practicing activities.Teaching aids教具準備

A projector and a blackboard.Teaching procedures & ways 教學過程與方式

Step ⅠPresentation

At first, give the students an example to present what the subjunctive mood is andin what situations we should use the subjunctive mood.Then, show them the sentence structures of the subjunctive mood.T: Now please listen to the following example: Suppose I’m a basketball fan, Yao1

Ming is coming here to play a basketball game this evening.But unfortunately, I haven’t got a ticket for it.I feel sorry about that and what should I say in this situation? Iwill say: I wish I watched the basketball game./ If I had got a ticket, I would go to watch the basketball game.Have you ever heard such kind of sentences?

Ss: Yes.They use the subjunctive mood.T: Then do you know what is the subjunctive mood and in what situations weshould use the subjunctive mood?

S: The subjunctive mood is used when we want to express a wish, request,recommendation or report of a command.S: Also, the subjunctive mood is used to express something that is contrary to thefact, highly unlikely or doubtful.T: Exactly.How can we show our feelings in such situations? We can use the following two sentence structures to express our regretting.1.Subject + wish + Object Clause

Time Verb Object clause

now： wish would do / could do / were / did

past： wished had been / done

future： wish would do / could do / were / did

2.“If” clause..., main clause...Time Verb Main clause

now： were / did Would / could / should / might do

past： had done Would / could / should / might have done

future： were / did Would / could / should / might do

Samples:

Fact Request Subjunctive mood

not getting a ticket(If I got a ticket,)watch the game(I could watch the game.)I wish I watched the basketball games.not having wings(If I had wings,)fly in the sky(I could fly in the sky.)I would flyfreely in the sky.not having enough money(If I had enough money,)buy a new computer(I couldbuy a new computer.)I could buy a new computer.Step Ⅱ Practice

First, show the students some more situations.Then raise some questions and askthem to discuss them according to the situations in groups of four, using thesubjunctive mood.At last, get them to show their sentences.T: Now I’d like to give you some more situations.Please discuss how to answer thequestions using the subjunctive mood in groups of four.Show them on the screen.1.Helen has been living with AIDS for many years.Now she is celebrating her

birthday with her friends.If you were Helen, what kind of wishes would you make?

2.It is said that a falling star can let your dreams come true.If you saw a fallingstar, what kind ofwishes would you make?

3.Besides a falling star, a magic lamp can also let your dreams come true.If youhad a magic lamp, what would you ask it to do for you?

After discussion

T: All right, now who would like to be volunteers to speak out your wishes?Ss: If I were Helen, I would ask for living longer / follow the doctors’ advice.(I wish I had a longer life / I followed the doctors’ advice.)

If I saw a falling star, I would promise to have a flourish future./ I would promise

to make my parents happy forever.(I wish I would have a flourish future / make my parents happy forever.)

If I had a magic lamp, I would ask it help the poor / I would ask it to bring peace tothe whole world.(I wish it could help the poor / bring peace to the whole world.)

Step Ⅲ Consolidation

Ask the students to do Exercises 1 ＆ 2 in Discovering useful structures on page 4and Exercises 1-4 in USING STRUCTURES on page 43.Then check the answers.Step ⅣHomework

Write five sentences by using the subjunctive mood