第一篇：虛擬語氣練習(xí)題及答案

虛擬語氣練習(xí)題

用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： Part A.1.If people ______(drive)more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make)so many mistakes.3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____(tie)it up.4.If I had known you already _____(have)a typewriter, I _____(not, buy)one for your birthday.5.If he _____(be)here this afternoon I would go with him.6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone).7.But for your help, we ______(not be)able to finish the work in time.8.If it _____(not, be)for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much.9.I wish I _____(study)hard while I was young.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend).11.My request is that we ______(hold)another session to discuss the problem.12.It is strange that the car _____(break)down at exactly the same place where it _____(break)down yesterday.13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand)what his mother _____(say).14.He talked as if he _____(do)all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do)most of it.15.If only we _____(have)a phone!I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.16.-----“Can we come in late tomorrow?”-----“I’d rather you _____(come)in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be)ill for a long time.18.He always talks as though he ______(address)a public meeting.19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand.20.I _____(stay)home if it rains this evening.Part B.1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need)help.2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell)you all about it now.3.If he _____(decide)earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.4._______ I _____(take)my umbrella with me when I _____(come)out this morning, I _____(not be)so wet now.5.If you had listened to me, you _____(not be)in such trouble now.6.I wish they _____(stop)making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.7.It is inconceivable that he _____(not see)me that day for I ______(wave)to her.8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut)down.9.Mr.Jones would rather _____(stay)home last night.10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work)in the same department as he does.11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be)a fluid.12.We _____(invite)her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come)back from abroad.13.Today’s industrial production ______(be)impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics.14.I hate driving.I’d much rather you _____(drive).15.The guests ______(arrive)last night, but there is still no news about them.16.Mother_____(feel)anxious if I came home late.17.Even if I ______(be)with you then, I ______(can, not, do)much for you.1 18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try)so hard to get this job done.19.Do you wish that you ______(have)a sister like her? 20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have)two car accidents during the past week?

選擇題：

1.If I _______ you, I’d join the army.A.am

B.was

C.were

D.would be 2.“If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”

A.will not rise

B.would not rise

C.did not rise

D.does not rise 3.If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

A.are

B.will be going

C.must

D.were 4.I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.A.could see

B.had seen

C.will see

D.will have seen 5.If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________? A.would you buy

B.had you bought C.would you have bought

D.would you be buying 6.If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.A.would probably die

B.had probably died C.probably would be died

D.would probably have died 7.________ if you had lost your watch? A.Hadn’t you been upset

B.Wouldn’t you be upset C.Weren’t you upset

D.Wouldn’t you have upset 8.-----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”

-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”

A.have stayed

B.have stay

C.stayed

D.stay 9.If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.A.would have lent

B.would lend C.would have lend

D.could lend 10.____________, John would not have failed.A.If he has listened to me

B.Had he listened to me

C.If he listened to me

D.As he listened to me 11.Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.A.had not failed

B.would not have failed

C.would not fail

D.could not be failed 12.-----“Steve made a reservation already.”

-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.”

A.Should

B.Would

C.If

D.So 13.I wished it _______ but it did.A.occurred not

B.did not accur C.had not occurred

D.would not occur 14.I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A.believe

B.deeply think

C.wish

D.suppose 15.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth.2

A.circles

B.is circling

C.be circling

D.were circling 16.The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher.A.was

B.were

C.had been

D.be 17.Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.A.knows

B.knew

C.has known

D.had known 18.If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!

A.was not terribly so frightened

B.were not terribly so frightened

C.be not so terribly frightened

D.were not so terribly frightened 19.-----“I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity.”

-----“She insisted ______ it as a gift.”

A.no them to accept

B.their accepting

C.that they accept

D.that they accepted 20.The chairman requested that __________.A.the members studied the problem more carefully

B.the problem were more carefully studied

C.the problem could be studied with more care

D.the members study the problem more carefully 21.-----“Did Kathy have any ideas for Jim?”

-----“She suggested that he ______ a card with all of our names on it.”

A.send

B.sends

C.to send

D.sending 22.The idea is that we _______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A.will send

B.had sent

C.send

D.be sent 23.It is necessary that this machine-tool _______ every day.A.be oiled

B.oil

C.is to be oiled

D.oiled 24.-----“That’s a beautiful coat in the window.”

-----“It certainly is.If I had the money ______ buy it.”

A.I’d

B.I’ll

C.I may

D.I shall 25.-----“Why didn’t you help him?”

-----“I would have ______ I didn’t have the money.”

A.if

B.and

C.but

D.otherwise 26.Jill would rather we _______ now, but we must go to work.A.not leave

B.had not left

C.didn’t leave

D.not to be left 27.I’d just as soon ________ those important papers with you.A.that you won’t take

B.your not taking

C.please don’t you take

D.you didn’t take 28.The housemaster was very strict.He asked that we ______ television on week nights.A.not watch

B.not be watching

C.must not watch

D.should not have watched 29.I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.A.him calling me

B.that he would call me

C.him to call me

D.that he call me 3 30.__________ at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A.Had Mr.Robinson looked

B.If Mr.Robinson looked

C.If Mr.Robinson would have looked

D.Had Mr.Robinson been looking 31.-----“Shall I open the window?”

-----“I’d rather _________.”

A.you had better not

B.you don’t

C.you shouldn’t

D.you didn’t 32.-----“Did you have to go to court?”

-----“No, I didn’t, but I would ______ if my lawyer hadn’t been so good.”

A.had

B.have

C.be

D.do

33.If Peter had enough money, he _______ on the trip to Los Angeles.A.would have gone

B.went

C.had gone

D.would go

34.If you had been in Shanghai last month, you ________ the game.A.had seen

B.have seen

C.had been seen

D.would have seen 35.If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ______ there by now.A.be

B.get

C.have got at

D.have been

36.If the Watergate Incident _______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A.had not occurred

B.did not occur

C.was not occurring

D.would not occur 37.Alan _______ the party if he’d gone to London.A.would have missed

B.had missed

C.could miss

D.missed 38.-----“Your pictures are beautiful!”

-----“We _______ more if we hadn’t run out of film.”

A.would take

B.had taken

C.will have taken

C.would have taken 39.Peter wishes that he ________ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.had studied

B.studied

C.could study

D.would study 40.-----“I couldn’t talk to Mrs.Khandary very well, because my Arabic isn’t very good yet.”

-----“_________ there, he would have been able to interpret for you.”

A.If John were

B.John had been

C.Had John been

D.Were John 41.___________, Gerald would have been a rich man.A.Was he to enter business

B.Were he entered business

C.Had he entered business

D.If he was to enter business 42._________, we shall go on a picnic.A.Should the weather be fine

B.If the weather were fine

C.Had the weather been fine

D.Were the weather to be fine 4 43.-----“I wish I ________ the orientation program yesterday.”

-----“It’s too bad that you _________.We met a lot of people.”

A.had attended …didn’t

B.had attended …h(huán)adn’t

C.attended … didn’t

D.could attend … haven’t 44.-----“Do you want me to lend you some money?”

-----“I wish you __________, I can pay you back next week.”

A.should

B.did

C.might

D.would 45.The picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I _______ to it.A.had not gone

B.have not gone

C.did not go

D.could not have gone 46.If their passport _______ all right, they _______ arrested.A.were … wouldn’t be

B.had been … wouldn’t have been

C.are… mustn’t be

D.should be … wouldn’t be 47.If only I _________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A.had known

B.would know

C.should know

D.knew 48.The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket ______ over it.A.had been thrown

B.were thrown

C.be thrown

D.had thrown 49.He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _________.A.was far away

B.had been far away

C.were far away

D.went far away 50.If I had only read all the books before I ________ the lecture!

A.would have attended

B.attended

C.had attended

D.have attended 51.I would have been able to help him, but I _______ so busy.A.were

B.had been

C.was

D.would be 52.-----“Where have you been?”

-----“I got caught in the traffic;_______ I would have been here sooner.”

A.however

B.although

C.anyway

D.otherwise 53.It is desirable that the airplane _______ as light as possible.A.was

B.be

C.is

D.were 54.I _______ do that if I were given the choice.A.would rather not

B.would not rather

C.rather not

D.had rather not 55.Everybody has arrived.It’s time we _________.A.would start

B.shall start

C.started

D.had start 56.-----“Mrs.Williams can speak Japanese.”

-----“But she would rather _______ English with us.”

A.speak

B.spoke

C.to speak

D.had spoken 57.John would rather that Jane _______ to the party yesterday evening.A.did not go

B.not go

C.had not gone

D.wouldn’t gone 58.-----“What’s the matter with Harry?”

-----“I don’t know, but he certainly looks ______ he had lost his best friend.”

A.that

B.so that

C.like

D.as if 59.His advice has made the design better than it ________.A.would otherwise have been

B.would be otherwise

C.has otherwise be

D.had otherwise been 60.-----“I’m surprised to learn that you’re going back.”

-----“Yes, I had hoped that I _______ have to go back again, but I must.”

A.didn’t

B.wouldn’t

C.won’t

D.mustn’t

辨認并改正錯誤：

1.I should be most happy to go down with you but I was very busy right then.(have been)2.If her great grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old.(had lived)3.If George Washington were president today, I would have wondered what he would do about the United States’ foreign affairs in the Middle East.(wonder)4.It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the examination.(study)5.He gave orders that the horses were made ready at once as he was pressed for time.(should be)6.The scientist thinks it necessary that all the inventions of mankind must be used for good, not for evil.(should)7.We felt like we had lost a friend when the foreman along with his four assistants was unfairly discharged.(felt as if)8.If you went to last night’s game, I am sure that you would have enjoyed seeing our team win.(had been to)9.If you have been living here since 1956, isn’t it about time you start to look for somewhere nicer to live?(started)10.The law I am referring to requires that everyone who owns a car has accident insurance.(have)11.I would rather that they did not travel during the bad weather, but they insist that they must return home today.(should)12.The political candidate talked as though she has already been elected to the presidency.(had)13.If a crisis was to occur, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation.(were)14.Many dead people would now be alive if they did not attempt to return for something.(had not attempted)15.Only if Albert had told me before last Friday, I would have given him some help, but now it’s too late.(If only)16.If Monique had not attended the conference, she would never meet her old friend Dan whom she had not seen for years.(have met)17.If I brought with me a camera when the accident happened yesterday I might have taken a picture of it myself.(had brought)18.How I wish John knew how to apply grammatical rules properly and recognize the fact that he is nearly always in the wrong!(recognized)19.If John were to resign and if Henry were elected to take his place we should have had more vigorous leadership.(刪除)20.You may prefer to travel by plane, but if the weather is bad, you might have to use the train instead.(may)

翻譯下列句子：

1． 我要是有你這樣一個姐姐多好！

2． 我們?nèi)f一不能及時完成這個任務(wù)怎么辦？

3． 要不是明天有測驗我今天晚上就去聽音樂會了。

4． 有人建議我們舉行一次講演比賽。

5． 你其實可以讓我?guī)椭愕摹?/p>

6． 現(xiàn)在是認真研究這個問題的時候了。

7． 真遺憾他竟然忘記通知你們這件事了。

8． 如果她不是一直刻苦練習(xí)，她的鋼琴就不可能彈得這么好。

9.他不太注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，要不然他就不會落在別人后面。

10.他看起來好像是剛睡醒似的。

11.對這些學(xué)生的全部要求是努力學(xué)習(xí)，遵守規(guī)章制度。

12.他昨天非常忙，否則他就來參加我們的聯(lián)歡會（get-together）了。

Key: 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： Part A:

1.drove

2.wouldn’t have made

3.had tied

4.have / would not have bought 5.should be / were / were to be

6.would be postponed

7.wouldn’t have been 8.were not

9.had studied

10.were mended

11.(should)hold 12.should have broken / broke

13.had understood / said 14.had done / did

15.had

16.came

17.had been 18.were addressing

19.is heated

20.will stay Part B: 1.should need / needed

2.would tell

3.had decided

4.had / taken / came / would not be

5.would not be

6.would stop 7.should not have seen / waved

8.be cut

9.have stayed 10.worked

11.were

12.would have invited / had already come 13.would be

14.drove

15.should have arrived

16.would feel 17.had been / could not have done

18.would not have tried 19.had

20.should have had

選擇題：

1.C

2.C

3.D

4.B

5.C

6.D

7.B

8.A

9.A

10.B

11.B

12.A

13.C

14.C

15.D

16.B

17.B

18.D

19.C

20.D 21.A

22.C

23.A

24.A

25.C

26.C

27.D

28.A

29.B

30.A 31.D

32.B

33.D

34.D

35.A

36.A

37.A

38.D

39.A

40.C 41.C

42.A

43.A

44.D

45.A

46.B

47.D

48.A

49.C

50.B 51.C

52.D

53.B

54.A

55.C

56.A

57.C

58.D

59.A

60.B

1.If only I had a sister like you!2.What if we could not fulfill the plan in time? 3.If it were not for the test tomorrow, I would go to the concert tonight.4..It is suggested that we(should)hold a speech contest.5.You might have asked me to lend you a hand.6..It is time we studied this problem seriously.7.What a pity that they should have forgotten to tell you about it!8。If she had not practiced hard, she wouldn’t play the piano so well.9.He doesn’t pay much attention to study methods;otherwise he wouldn’t have fallen behind the others.10.He looks as if he just woke up(or: awakened)11.All that is required of the students is that they should study hard and obey the discipline.12.He was very busy yesterday.Otherwise he would have come to our get-together.

第二篇：虛擬語氣練習(xí)題及答案

虛擬語氣練習(xí)題

用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

Part A.1.If people ______(drive)more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make)so many mistakes.3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____(tie)it up.4.If I had known you already _____(have)a typewriter, I _____(not, buy)one for your birthday.5.If he _____(be)here this afternoon I would go with him.6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone).7.But for your help, we ______(not be)able to finish the work in time.8.If it _____(not, be)for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much.9.I wish I _____(study)hard while I was young.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend).11.My request is that we ______(hold)another session to discuss the problem.12.It is strange that the car _____(break)down at exactly the same place where it _____(break)

down yesterday.13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand)what his mother _____(say).14.He talked as if he _____(do)all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do)most of it.15.If only we _____(have)a phone!I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.16.-----“Can we come in late tomorrow?”-----“I’d rather you _____(come)in on time.”

17.He looks as if he _____(be)ill for a long time.18.He always talks as though he ______(address)a public meeting.19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand.20.I _____(stay)home if it rains this evening.Part B.1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need)help.2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell)you all about it now.3.If he _____(decide)earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.4._______ I _____(take)my umbrella with me when I _____(come)out this morning, I

_____(not be)so wet now.5.If you had listened to me, you _____(not be)in such trouble now.6.I wish they _____(stop)making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.7.It is inconceivable that he _____(not see)me that day for I ______(wave)to her.8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut)down.9.Mr.Jones would rather _____(stay)home last night.10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work)in the same department as he does.11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be)a fluid.12.We _____(invite)her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come)back

from abroad.13.Today’s industrial production ______(be)impossible without the contribution made by the

science of physics.14.I hate driving.I’d much rather you _____(drive).15.The guests ______(arrive)last night, but there is still no news about them.16.Mother_____(feel)anxious if I came home late.17.Even if I ______(be)with you then, I ______(can, not, do)much for you.18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try)so hard to get this job done.19.Do you wish that you ______(have)a sister like her?

20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have)two car accidents during the past week?

選擇題：

1.If I _______ you, I’d join the army.A.amB.wasC.wereD.would be

2.“If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”

A.will not riseB.would not rise

C.did not riseD.does not rise

3.If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

A.areB.will be goingC.mustD.were

4.I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.A.could seeB.had seenC.will seeD.will have seen

5.If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________?

A.would you buyB.had you bought

C.would you have boughtD.would you be buying

6.If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.A.would probably dieB.had probably died

C.probably would be diedD.would probably have died

7.________ if you had lost your watch?

A.Hadn’t you been upsetB.Wouldn’t you be upset

C.Weren’t you upsetD.Wouldn’t you have upset

8.-----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”

-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”

A.have stayedB.have stayC.stayedD.stay

9.If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.A.would have lentB.would lend

C.would have lendD.could lend

10.____________, John would not have failed.A.If he has listened to meB.Had he listened to me

C.If he listened to meD.As he listened to me

11.Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.A.had not failedB.would not have failed

C.would not failD.could not be failed

12.-----“Steve made a reservation already.”

-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.”

A.ShouldB.WouldC.IfD.So

13.I wished it _______ but it did.A.occurred notB.did not accur

C.had not occurredD.would not occur

14.I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A.believeB.deeply thinkC.wishD.suppose

15.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth.A.circlesB.is circlingC.be circlingD.were circling

16.The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher.A.wasB.wereC.had beenD.be

17.Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.A.knowsB.knewC.has knownD.had known

18.If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!

A.was not terribly so frightened

B.were not terribly so frightened

C.be not so terribly frightened

D.were not so terribly frightened

19.-----“I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity.”

-----“She insisted ______ it as a gift.”

A.no them to acceptB.their accepting

C.that they acceptD.that they accepted

20.The chairman requested that __________.A.the members studied the problem more carefully

B.the problem were more carefully studied

C.the problem could be studied with more care

D.the members study the problem more carefully

21.-----“Did Kathy have any ideas for Jim?”

-----“She suggested that he ______ a card with all of our names on it.”

A.sendB.sendsC.to sendD.sending

22.The idea is that we _______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A.will sendB.had sentC.sendD.be sent

23.It is necessary that this machine-tool _______ every day.A.be oiledB.oilC.is to be oiledD.oiled

24.-----“That’s a beautiful coat in the window.”

-----“It certainly is.If I had the money ______ buy it.”

A.I’dB.I’llC.I mayD.I shall

25.-----“Why didn’t you help him?”

-----“I would have ______ I didn’t have the money.”

A.ifB.andC.butD.otherwise

26.Jill would rather we _______ now, but we must go to work.A.not leaveB.had not left

C.didn’t leaveD.not to be left

27.I’d just as soon ________ those important papers with you.A.that you won’t takeB.your not taking

C.please don’t you takeD.you didn’t take

28.The housemaster was very strict.He asked that we ______ television on week nights.A.not watchB.not be watching

C.must not watchD.should not have watched

29.I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.A.him calling meB.that he would call me

C.him to call meD.that he call me

30.__________ at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A.Had Mr.Robinson looked

B.If Mr.Robinson looked

C.If Mr.Robinson would have looked

D.Had Mr.Robinson been looking

31.-----“Shall I open the window?”

-----“I’d rather _________.”

A.you had better notB.you don’t

C.you shouldn’tD.you didn’t

32.-----“Did you have to go to court?”

-----“No, I didn’t, but I would ______ if my lawyer hadn’t been so good.”

A.hadB.haveC.beD.do

33.If Peter had enough money, he _______ on the trip to Los Angeles.A.would have goneB.went

C.had goneD.would go

34.If you had been in Shanghai last month, you ________ the game.A.had seenB.have seen

C.had been seenD.would have seen

35.If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d ______ there by now.A.beB.getC.have got atD.have been

36.If the Watergate Incident _______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A.had not occurredB.did not occur

C.was not occurringD.would not occur

37.Alan _______ the party if he’d gone to London.A.would have missedB.had missed

C.could missD.missed

38.-----“Your pictures are beautiful!”

-----“We _______ more if we hadn’t run out of film.”

A.would takeB.had taken

C.will have takenC.would have taken

39.Peter wishes that he ________ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.had studiedB.studiedC.could studyD.would study

40.-----“I couldn’t talk to Mrs.Khandary very well, because my Arabic isn’t very good yet.”-----“_________ there, he would have been able to interpret for you.”

A.If John wereB.John had been

C.Had John beenD.Were John

41.___________, Gerald would have been a rich man.A.Was he to enter businessB.Were he entered business

C.Had he entered businessD.If he was to enter business

42._________, we shall go on a picnic.A.Should the weather be fine

B.If the weather were fine

C.Had the weather been fine

D.Were the weather to be fine

43.-----“I wish I ________ the orientation program yesterday.”

-----“It’s too bad that you _________.We met a lot of people.”

A.had attended …didn’tB.had attended …h(huán)adn’t

C.attended … didn’tD.could attend … haven’t

44.-----“Do you want me to lend you some money?”

-----“I wish you __________, I can pay you back next week.”

A.shouldB.didC.mightD.would

45.The picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I _______ to it.A.had not goneB.have not gone

C.did not goD.could not have gone

46.If their passport _______ all right, they _______ arrested.A.were … wouldn’t beB.had been … wouldn’t have been

C.are… mustn’t beD.should be … wouldn’t be

47.If only I _________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A.had knownB.would knowC.should knowD.knew

48.The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket ______ over it.A.had been thrownB.were thrown

C.be thrownD.had thrown

49.He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _________.A.was far awayB.had been far away

C.were far awayD.went far away

50.If I had only read all the books before I ________ the lecture!

A.would have attendedB.attended

C.had attendedD.have attended

51.I would have been able to help him, but I _______ so busy.A.wereB.had beenC.wasD.would be

52.-----“Where have you been?”

-----“I got caught in the traffic;_______ I would have been here sooner.”

A.howeverB.althoughC.anywayD.otherwise

53.It is desirable that the airplane _______ as light as possible.A.wasB.beC.isD.were

54.I _______ do that if I were given the choice.A.would rather notB.would not rather

C.rather notD.had rather not

55.Everybody has arrived.It’s time we _________.A.would startB.shall start

C.startedD.had start

56.-----“Mrs.Williams can speak Japanese.”

-----“But she would rather _______ English with us.”

A.speakB.spokeC.to speakD.had spoken

57.John would rather that Jane _______ to the party yesterday evening.A.did not goB.not go

C.had not goneD.wouldn’t gone

58.-----“What’s the matter with Harry?”

-----“I don’t know, but he certainly looks ______ he had lost his best friend.”

A.thatB.so thatC.likeD.as if

59.His advice has made the design better than it ________.A.would otherwise have beenB.would be otherwise

C.has otherwise beD.had otherwise been

60.-----“I’m surprised to learn that you’re going back.”

-----“Yes, I had hoped that I _______ have to go back again, but I must.”

A.didn’tB.wouldn’tC.won’tD.mustn’t

Key:

用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

Part A:

1.drove2.wouldn’t have made3.had tied4.have / would not have bought

5.should be / were / were to be6.would be postponed7.wouldn’t have been

8.were not9.had studied10.were mended11.(should)hold

12.should have broken / broke13.had understood / said

14.had done / did15.had16.came17.had been

18.were addressing19.is heated20.will stay

Part B:

1.should need / needed2.would tell3.had decided

4.had / taken / came / would not be5.would not be6.would stop

7.should not have seen / waved8.be cut9.have stayed

10.worked11.were12.would have invited / had already come

13.would be14.drove15.should have arrived16.would feel

17.had been / could not have done18.would not have tried

19.had20.should have had

選擇題：

1.C2.C3.D4.B5.C6.D7.B8.A9.A10.B

11.B12.A13.C14.C15.D16.B17.B18.D19.C20.D

21.A22.C23.A24.A25.C26.C27.D28.A29.B30.A

31.D32.B33.D34.D35.A36.A37.A38.D39.A40.C

41.C42.A43.A44.D45.A46.B47.D48.A49.C50.B

51.C52.D53.B54.A55.C56.A57.C58.D59.A60.B

第三篇：虛擬語氣練習(xí)題附答案

虛擬語氣練習(xí)題

一、【基礎(chǔ)鞏固】

1.If I ___ ten years younger, I ______ very happy.A.were, would beB.am, shall be C.were, shall beD.am, would be

2.---You can ask your brother for help.---He is not at home.If he ______, I ______.A.is, wouldB.were, would C.is, willD.were, will

3.If you _____ the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.A.followB.followed C.would followD.had followed

4.If he had not missed the train, he ______ there by then.A.might getB.might have got C.gotD.had got

5.What would you have done last night, if you ______ to write your homework.A.hadn'tB.haven't had C.didn't haveD.hadn't had

6.---Did you catch the plane?

---No, if I had hurried, I ______.A.wouldB.would have C.couldD.did

7.Why didn't you tell him the truth? If I ______ you, I would have.A.wereB.had been C.amD.would be

8.---How do you like the party?

---Wonderful.If you had come with us, you ______ a good time.A.hadB.had had C.would haveD.would have had

9.If I ______ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.A.didn't runB.shouldn't run C.haven't runD.hadn't run

10.If you ______ early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A.have startedB.were start C.were to startD.had started

11.If you ______ to the moon one day, you would find it quite different from the earth.A.travelB.had travelled C.should travelD.have trarelled

12.What ______ yesterday if you ______ TV programme.A.would you do, hadn't watch B.would you have done, hadn't watched

C.could you do, didn't watch D.would you have done, didn't watch

13.----Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?

----No, but if I ______ time, I ______ very glad to go there.A.have, will be B.had had, would have been

C.had, would be D.had had, would be

14.----My boss often made me work day and night.----If I ______you, I ______ the job.A.am, will give upB.had been you, would have given up

C.were, would give up D.had been you, would give up

15.If you tell me all about it, I ______ able to decide.A.would beB.could be C.wereD.shall be

16.If you ______ George, would you please tell him to ring me?

A.sawB.were to C.have seenD.see

17.I'm sure he hasn't sent the letter.If he ______ it, I ______.A.sent, got B.sent, have got

C.sent, would go D.had sent, would have got

18.----Sally finally got here from Chicago.----If she ______earlier, we ______ her to the party then.A.came, would take B.had come, would have taken

C.comes, will take D.had come, would take

19.I don't know whether to take the medicine at once.If I ______，I ______ it.A.knew, would take B.had known, would have taken it

C.knew, would have taken D.had known, would take

20.----Did you need any help with your maths last night?

----No, If ______ , I ______ you.A.had, would have called B.had, would call

C.had needed, would have called D.had needed, would call

二、【能力提高】

1.I would buy that car，if I ______ enough money.A.haveB.had C.will haveD.had had

2.Ford might have come to school in time for Professor Smith's lecture, ______.A.if he got up earlier B.unless he had got up earlier

C.but he got up rather late D.but he had got up so late

3.______ their help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and might even have starve to death.A.With B.If it were not for C.If it had not been for D.If not

4.If it had not rained yesterday, the ground ______ muddy now.A.is not B.will not be C.would not be D.would not have been

5.You ______ any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.A.won't meet with B.would not meet with

C.would not have met with D.have not met with

6.He did his best in everything, ______ he would not have been what he was.A.andB.but C.otherwiseD.but that

7.----What would you wish to do if you were to be a college student again?

----That's very hard to say, but I wish I ______ biology when I was a college student.A.had studiedB.studied C.studyD.have studied

8.----You should have gone to the show with us yeaterday.It's very good.----I wished I ______ , but I was busy with my report.A.hadB.did C.would haveD.were

9.Mr Johnson said angrily, “Don't order me about, as if I ______ your wife.I'm not.We are both the boss's men.”

A.wereB.am C.would beD.had been

10.______ the thick fence, he would have been more fearful.A.But forB.Without C.If it were not forD.both A and B

11.He talked as if he ______ to Beijing, but I knew he hadn't.A.wentB.were C.had beenD.would have been

12.----Would you have told him the awswer, if possible?

----Yes, I would have, but I ______ very busy.A.had beenB.were C.wasD.would be

13.If he ______ in England, what language could he probably speak now?

A.were bornB.had been born C.would have been bornD.was born

14.If we ______ Steven's advice, we would not be lost in the forest.A.tookB.had taken C.have takenD.would take

15.If the govenment had built more houses for the homeless people after the earth quake, the housing problems now in some parts of the city ______ so serious now.A.wouldn't be B.will not have been

C.wouldn't have been D.would have not been

16.What a heavy rain it is!If we ______ the rain coat, we wouldn't ______ in the rain.A.had put on, be walking B.put on, walk

C.put on, be walking D.should put on, walk

17.----Why is the window broken?

----If I ______ care, it ______.A.took, wouldn't happen B.had taken, wouldn't have happened

C.took, wouldn't have happened D.had taken, wouldn't happen

18.----Do you think the thief entered through the side door?

----No, if he had, he ______ the living room window.A.would break B.would have broken

C.wouldn't break D.wouldn't have broken

19.I ______ one of Tom's paintings, but if I had, he would have given it to me.A.wantedB.want C.didn't wantD.don't want

20.I've forgotten his telephone number.If I ______ it down, I ______ you now.A.put, would have told B.put, would tell C.had put, would have told D.had put, would tell

三、【高考真題】

1.If there were no subjunctive mood, English ___ much easier.A.will beB.would have beenC.could have beenD.would be

2.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ____ the rules

A.obeysB.obeyC.will obeyD.would obey

3.----“The experiment had failed!”

----“I suggest you ____ again.”

A.tryB tryingC.will tryD.would try

4.----“He is a very brave man.”

----“Yes.I wish I ____ his courage.”

A.haveB.hadC.will haveD.would have

5.If she had worked harder, she ____.A.would succeedB.had succeededC.should succeedD.would have succeeded

6.The plant is dead.I ____ itmore water.A.will giveB.would have givenC.must giveD.should have given

7.I wish I ____ you yesterday.A.seenB.did seeC.had seenD.were to see

8.If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ____ me from going.A.had been;would have preventedB.had been;would prevent

C.were;would preventD.were;would have prevented

9.He ____ you more help, even though he was very busy.A.might have givenB.might give

C.may have givenD.may give

10.Without electricity human life ____ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would be

11.If it ____ for the snow, we ____ the mountain yesterday.A.were not;could have climbedB.were not;could climb

C.had not been;could have climbedD.had not been;could climb

12.We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studiedB.might study

C.should have studiedD.would study

13.----If he ____ , he ____ that food.----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not takeB.had been warned;would not have taken

C.would be warned;had not takenD.would have been warned;had not taken

14.I didn't see your sister at the meeting.If she ____ , she would have met my brother.A.has comeB.did comeC.cameD.had come

15.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken

16.You didn't let me drive.If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.A.drove;didn't getB.drove;wouldn't get

C.were driving;wouldn't getD.had driven;wouldn't have got

17.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.（07全國II）

A.If B.Since C.Though D.When

答案與分析

1．選A。從句的意思反映出其愿望是不可能實現(xiàn)的，應(yīng)該使用虛擬語氣。從各選項中分析

只有A符合虛擬條件句的語法規(guī)則。

2．選B。前文已經(jīng)給出，這是一個與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件從句。

3．選D。從兩個方面分析都應(yīng)選D。從follow the doctor's advice動作本身分析，這是個非

延續(xù)性動詞，所以它只能是要么已經(jīng)，要么將來，即要么與過去事實相反，要么

與將來事實相反。從全句的意思中分析，應(yīng)是前者。也可以從主句中分析。它是

與過去事實相反的would have recovered。從全句的意思上看，從句也應(yīng)是與過

去事實相反。

4．選B。上一題考查從句中時態(tài)的選用，而本題則是考查主句時態(tài)的選用。從句是與過去．．．．

事實相反，根據(jù)從句的意思，主句也應(yīng)是與過去事實相反。

5．選D。主句與從句都理解為與過去事實要反相才正確。have to被否定后的意思是“不是

不得不”，“不是非得”。have一詞作“有”解時，其否定和疑問的形式有兩種，you don't have, you haven't，但作除“有”解以外的含義時，只能有第一種否定或

疑問形式，所以選項A是錯的。B項不是虛擬語氣，C項是與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?/p>

相反故也須排除。

6．選B。根據(jù)問句，if條件從句及全句的意思，主句只能理解為與過去事實相反，would have

是would have caught的省略。

7．選B。從句應(yīng)理解為與過去事實相反，故選had been。

8．選D。問句中雖用現(xiàn)在時，但實際上是詢問過去的事，故主從句都是與過去事實相反，所以would have had是對的。

9．選D。與過去事實相反的從句是過去完成時，故選hadn't run。run out of意為“用光”。

10．選C。從句中的tomorrow morning已經(jīng)告知我們，本句可理解為與將來事實相反，A、D兩項都不對。B項缺少to，故選were to start。

11．選C。從句中的one day指“將來有一天”，故用should可表示將來。

12．選B。根據(jù)主句中的yesterday可以確定，主句是與過去事實相反，又根據(jù)句意，從句也是與過去事實相反，故選B。

13．疑問句是詢問將來，故用與將來事實相反的C項。

14．選B。第一句中的made是指過去，回答要同上文的時間相符，所以，主句和從句均是與過去事實相反。

15．選D。條件從句的tell說明這不是一個虛擬條件，因此選用真實意義的D項。

16．選D。would you please并不是虛擬語氣，而是一種很委婉的祈使句，故從句也不用虛擬條件，而選用真實條件的see。

17．選D。第一句已清楚地道出過去的一個事實。第二句是與這個過去的事實相反的虛擬語氣，故選用D。

18．選B。根據(jù)第一句，第二句中的條件從句應(yīng)是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬條件，而主句也用與過去事實相反，這是由于句尾的then的緣故，如果沒有then一詞，選D項也是正確的。

19．選A。主、從句都是與現(xiàn)在事實相反，故用A。

20．選C。第一句是詢問過去的事實，第二句中的主、從句都理解為過去才合邏輯，雖然D選項在語法上是對的，但從時間上看卻不合理。

B層次答案與分析

答案與分析

1．選B。根據(jù)主從句之間在邏輯上的時間關(guān)系，應(yīng)視為同時發(fā)生故選B。但本句在沒有語言環(huán)境的情況下，也可以看做是一個過去的真實條件句。

2．選C。might have come在含有虛擬條件復(fù)合句的主句中表示與過去事實相反，也可用于真實的情況，意即“可能已經(jīng)”，但仔細分析四個選項，其中無一可以在語法，時態(tài)和含義上同前面的句子相一致，故只能將 might have come看做是虛擬語氣的用法。如果是這樣，A項中的got up指與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件，這與主句不合邏輯。B項中的unless不能用于虛擬語氣條件。C項是一個指過去發(fā)生的真實事件，這正和與過去事實相反的主句相一致，而虛擬條件從句也被省略，它應(yīng)該是if he had got up early。D項中的過去完成時，在沒有任何參照的情況下是不對的。

3．選C。如用with則全句的邏輯關(guān)系不成立，而用D項其語法結(jié)構(gòu)有錯。in the past years已經(jīng)告訴我們應(yīng)與過去事實相反的條件從句，所以只有C是對的，B項用來表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，也應(yīng)排除。B、C這兩種用法只能表示虛擬條件，不能表示真實條件，其意思是“如果沒有”。

4．選C。虛擬條件從句雖是指過去，但從其與主句的邏輯關(guān)系上分析，主句只能是現(xiàn)在，故選C，從now 一詞也可得出這一結(jié)論。

5．選B。分析方法同上。

6．選C。otherwise在這是一個虛擬條件從句的替代詞，它代替了if he hadn't done his best。

7．選A。從wish后的過去時間狀語判斷，這應(yīng)該是一個對過去未能實現(xiàn)事情的一種愿望，故應(yīng)使用過去完成時。

8．選A。在確定wish后從句的時態(tài)時，不要受wish本身時態(tài)的影響，它同對從句時態(tài)的確定毫無關(guān)系。問題的關(guān)鍵是要看wish和從句中的動詞的時間先后關(guān)系，無論wish本身是何種時態(tài)，它與這個動詞的時間關(guān)系是固定不變的，在變成間接引語時，我們會更能體會到這種關(guān)系：

He said，“I wish I had been there.”

He said that he wished he had been there.wish的時態(tài)變了，可它與后面動詞的時間關(guān)系并沒有變。請參閱本章的語法說明。

9．選A。根據(jù)句意，這是一個與現(xiàn)在事實相反的比喻，準確地說，是一個與主句動詞同時發(fā)生的一個動作，故用一般過去時的were。

10．選D。But for（如果沒有）和without都可用于表示條件，并沒有時間限制，它們既有If it were not for的意思，也有if it had not been for的意思。但前者只用來表示虛擬條件，而后者用于虛擬和真實均可。C 項表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，這與主句不能成立。

11．選C。as if后時態(tài)的確定同wish一樣，也不要受主句時態(tài)的影響，對它的分析請見上面第8題及其分析。

12．選C。but引出的內(nèi)容是一個事實。

13．選B。從句用與過去事實相反的過去完成時才能合句意。

14．選B。從句只能指過去。

15．選A。主句中的now一詞已表明是與現(xiàn)在事實相反。

16．選A。從句應(yīng)理解為與過去事實相反，故用過去完成時，句首的感嘆句告訴我們，這是一個當(dāng)前的情景，所以wouldn't后用進行時較妥。

17．選B。第一句雖用了一個現(xiàn)在時的疑問句，但“打碎”這個動作確是已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。所以主從句都應(yīng)視為過去事實相反。

18．選D。用與過去事實相反的否定句才合邏輯。

19．選C。從虛擬條件從句及其主句可判斷出這是一個過去發(fā)生的否定的事實。

20．選D。從句是指過去，而主句是指現(xiàn)在。

歷屆高考題參考答案

參考答案

1～5．DBABD

6～10．DCAA/CD

11～15．CCBDC

16-17．DA

第四篇：練習(xí)題及答案

練習(xí)題 選擇題

1、下列對管理的性質(zhì)進行了闡述，說法不正確是（A）。

A．管理具有時效性 B．管理具有科學(xué)性C．管理具有藝術(shù)性 D．管理具有二重性

2、“凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢。”是強調(diào)（D）的重要性。A．預(yù)防 B．預(yù)測 C．組織 D．計劃

3、組織是管理的基本職能之一，它是由（B）三個基本要素構(gòu)成。

A.目標、原則和結(jié)構(gòu) B.目標、部門和關(guān)系C.目標、部門和效率 D.目標、部門和人員

4、為了保證計劃目標得以實現(xiàn),就需要有控制職能,控制的實質(zhì)就是使（A）。A.實踐活動符合于計劃 B.計劃接近實際活動 C.實踐活動具有指標約束 D．計劃得以嚴格執(zhí)行

5、根據(jù)其在組織中的地位和作業(yè)的不同，組織成員可以簡單地劃分為（C）

A.高層管理者、中層管理者、基層管理者 B.生產(chǎn)者、管理者C.操作者、管理者D.技術(shù)人員、管理人員

6、關(guān)于管理的含義，下列詞語中（C）的表述不確切。A．激勵、約束 B．協(xié)調(diào)、溝通 C．放任、自由 D．理順、調(diào)整

7、某甲是一所綜合大學(xué)中文系的系主任，他是一個（B）

A.高層管理者 B.中層管理者 C.基層管理者 D.操作者

8、管理的最終目的是（B）

A實現(xiàn)人與人之間關(guān)系的協(xié)調(diào)

B有效地組織資源和組織活動 C最少的投入獲得最大的產(chǎn)出

D制定組織目標

9、“三個和尚”的故事中，“一個和尚挑水吃，兩個和尚抬水吃，三個和尚沒水吃”。主要揭示了下列各項管理職能中（C）的重要性。A計劃 B領(lǐng)導(dǎo)C協(xié)調(diào)

D指揮

10、管理學(xué)研究的主要是（D）

A.經(jīng)濟管理問題 B.企業(yè)管理問題 C.行政管理問題 D.一般管理問題 判斷正誤

1、組織是管理的一項重要職能，它由三個基本要素構(gòu)成，即目標、結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)系。N

2、從教材給“管理”所下定義中，可以得出這樣的結(jié)論，管理的對象就是組織及其各種資源。N

3、現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理學(xué)認為，企業(yè)管理的重點在經(jīng)營，而經(jīng)營的核心是計劃。N

4、管理是一種有意識、有組織的群體活動,是一個靜態(tài)的協(xié)作過程。N

5、控制的實質(zhì)就是使實踐符合于計劃，計劃就是控制的基礎(chǔ)。N

6、愈是高層的管理者，控制要求的時效性愈長，綜合性愈強。Y

7、管理的一般職能來源于管理的科學(xué)性性質(zhì)，內(nèi)容是合理組織生產(chǎn)力和維護生產(chǎn)關(guān)系。N

8、決策是管理的首要職能。N

9、管理的藝術(shù)性就是強調(diào)管理的復(fù)雜性。N

10、管理者的基本技能包括概念技能、人際技能和技術(shù)技能。Y 練習(xí)題 選擇題：

1、法約爾的一般管理理論對西方管理理論的發(fā)展有重大影響，成為后來管理過程學(xué)派的理論基礎(chǔ)，他的代表作是（B）。

A《社會組織與經(jīng)濟組織理論》

B《工業(yè)管理和一般管理》

C《科學(xué)管理理論》

2、系統(tǒng)管理學(xué)派認為，組織是由一個相互聯(lián)系的若干要素組成，為環(huán)境所影響的并反過來影響環(huán)境的開放的（A）。

A社會技術(shù)系統(tǒng)

B社會經(jīng)濟組織

C社會經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)

3、企業(yè)流程再造的目的是增強企業(yè)競爭力，從（A）上保證企業(yè)能以最小的成本、高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)贏得客戶。

A生產(chǎn)流程

B生產(chǎn)管理

C作業(yè)管理

4、西方早期的管理思想中，（A）是最早研究專業(yè)化和勞動分工的經(jīng)學(xué)家。A．亞當(dāng)·斯密

B．查爾斯·巴比奇 C．泰羅

D．大衛(wèi)·李嘉圖 5、1993年，海默和錢皮合著了《企業(yè)再造工程》一書，該書總結(jié)了過去幾十年來世界成功企業(yè)的經(jīng)驗，提出了應(yīng)變市場變化的新方法，即（C）。

.A企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)換

B．企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新

C企業(yè)流程再造

D．企業(yè)管理創(chuàng)新

6、古典管理理論認為人是（B）。

A復(fù)雜人

B經(jīng)濟人

C社會人

D古典人

7、法約爾是西方古典管理理論在法國的杰出代表，其代表作是《工業(yè)管理和一般管理》，他被譽為（C）。工業(yè)管理之父

B 科學(xué)管理之父

C經(jīng)營管理理論之父 D 組織理論之父

8、科學(xué)管理理論是古典管理理論之一，科學(xué)管理的中心問題是（D）。A制定科學(xué)的作業(yè)方法

B提高勞動生產(chǎn)率

C提高工人的勞動積極性

9、“管理的十四項原則”是由（B）提出來的。A、韋伯 B、泰羅 C、梅奧 D．法約爾

10、管理學(xué)界對行為科學(xué)的研究是在（D）的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的，并迅速成為影響巨大的理論流派。科學(xué)管理理論 B．人際關(guān)系學(xué)說 C．經(jīng)營管理理論 D．權(quán)變理論學(xué)派 判斷正誤并改正

1、梅奧認為，人們在共同工作中，由于興趣、感情或歸屬等因素而形成的組織體系，這就構(gòu)成了正式組織。N

2、泰羅的科學(xué)管理既重視技術(shù)因素，也重視人的社會因素。N

3、法約爾提出的管理五項職能或要素是計劃、組織、決策、協(xié)調(diào)和控制。N

4、“正式組織”與“非正式組織”的區(qū)別在于，“正式組織”中以效率的邏輯為重要標準。Y

5、權(quán)變管理學(xué)派德主要代表人物是西蒙。N

6、戰(zhàn)略管理理論的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)典戰(zhàn)略理論、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)分析和核心能力理論三個階段。Y

7、泰羅科學(xué)管理的中心問題是制定科學(xué)的管理制度與方法。N

8、韋伯是德國古典管理理論的代表人物，他對管理理論的貢獻是提出了理想的行政管理體系，其代表作是《行政組織體系理論》。N

9、．從19世紀末期到20世紀初期，歐洲和美國都相繼有人提出比較系統(tǒng)的管理理論。比如，在美國表現(xiàn)為泰羅創(chuàng)建的科學(xué)管理理論，在法國表現(xiàn)為法約爾的行政管理理論。N

10、企業(yè)流程再造的目的就是為了提高經(jīng)濟效益。N 第三章思考題

一、單項選擇

1、根據(jù)（B），在人力資源管理過程中，應(yīng)該針對工作性質(zhì)不同的組織目標的要求，將不同能力要素以適宜的方式組合起來，發(fā)揮協(xié)作疊加的功能與優(yōu)勢。

Ａ、要素有用原理

Ｂ、同素異構(gòu)原理 Ｃ、能級匹配、適才適用原理Ｄ、互補增值與協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化原理

２、以下（D）不屬于內(nèi)部選拔的途徑。

Ａ、內(nèi)部晉升

Ｂ、崗位輪換 Ｃ、返聘

D、廣告招聘

3、（B）是為企業(yè)尋找高級管理人才和專業(yè)技術(shù)人才最常用的途徑。

A、廣告招聘 B、獵頭公司

C、網(wǎng)絡(luò)招聘 D、校園招聘

4、（C）是通過把候選人置于相對隔離的一系列模擬工作情景中，以團隊作業(yè)的方式，并采用多種測評

技術(shù)和方法，觀察和分析候選人在模擬的各種情景壓力下的心理、行為、表現(xiàn)以及工作績效，以測量候選人的管理技術(shù)、管理能力和潛能等的一個綜合、全面的測評系統(tǒng)。

A、工作樣本技術(shù) B、測試

C、評價中心技術(shù) D、求職者背景調(diào)查

5、任務(wù)分析、績效分析是培訓(xùn)流程中（A）階段使用的主要方法。

A、了解員工培訓(xùn)需求 B、制定員工培訓(xùn)計劃

C、培訓(xùn)計劃實施與管理 D、培訓(xùn)評估與反饋

二、多項選擇

1、縱觀組織管理的全部歷史，大致經(jīng)歷了（ACD）階段。

A、經(jīng)驗管理 B、民主管理 C、科學(xué)管理

D、文化管理 E、獨裁管理

2、組織的競爭與淘汰機制在制度上主要體現(xiàn)為（ABCDE）。

A、競聘上崗 B、末位淘汰制度

C、輪崗制度 D、內(nèi)部創(chuàng)業(yè)制度 E、人員分流制度

3、激勵機制主要依靠（ABCD）人力資源管理模塊來實現(xiàn)。

A、薪酬體系設(shè)計 B、C、分權(quán)預(yù)授權(quán)系統(tǒng) D、升遷異動制度 E、招聘與甄選制度

4、職務(wù)留人的途徑包括（ＡＣＤＥ）。

A、多通道職業(yè)生涯 B、加薪 Ｃ、內(nèi)部輪崗

Ｄ、外派委以重任 Ｅ、成立新的事業(yè)部門來滿足員工的創(chuàng)業(yè)欲望

５、牽引機制主要依靠（ABCD）人力資源管理模塊來實現(xiàn)的。

A、企業(yè)的文化與價值觀體系 B、職位說明書與任職資格標準

C、關(guān)鍵業(yè)績指標體系（KPI）Ｄ、培訓(xùn)開發(fā)體系

Ｅ、職業(yè)生涯管理制度

三、判斷

（√）１、一般情況下，被選者越多，越容易選出合適的人才。

（×）２、擇優(yōu)而用意味著任何崗位都應(yīng)選擇最高級的人員來擔(dān)任最好。

（×）３、當(dāng)組織出現(xiàn)職位空缺時，面向社會招聘是唯一辦法。

（×）４、用人應(yīng)量才適用、任人唯全、用當(dāng)其時。

（×）

5、組織在進行員工培訓(xùn)時應(yīng)緊跟時代步伐，流行什么就培訓(xùn)什么。

（×）

6、我國人力資源數(shù)量龐大，人才市場供應(yīng)充足，因此對大多數(shù)組織而言，無需進行人才梯隊建設(shè)。

（√）

7、在制定考評辦法時，要從多個方面、多個角度去考慮，要看到績效的動態(tài)特點和長遠影響，不能以過去評價現(xiàn)在和未來，更不能主觀臆斷。

（√）

8、使用結(jié)構(gòu)化面試減少了非結(jié)構(gòu)化面試的不一致和主觀性，增加了面試的可靠性和準確性。第四章物流管理方法復(fù)習(xí)題

一、單選題

1、什么是企業(yè)“第三利潤源”？（D）

A.管理 B.人力資源 C.資金 D.物流

2.（D）是利用運輸管道，通過一定的壓力差而完成氣體、液體和粉狀團體運輸?shù)囊环N現(xiàn)代運輸方式。

A.公路運輸B.水上運輸C.航空運輸D.管道運輸

3.（C）不屬于運輸合理化的影響因素。

A.運輸距離B.運輸工具C.運輸人員D.運輸費用

4.從流通內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)描述流通過程的“三流”是指（A）。

A.商流、物流和信息B.商流、物流和人流

C.人流、物流和信息D.商流、人流和信息

5.物流信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計要求？（B）

A.完整、理性、高品質(zhì) B.通用性、可擴展性、可移植性

C.低成本、高收益 D.最小化成本、可維護性

6.按配送中心的經(jīng)濟功能，可以分類為（A）。

A.供應(yīng)型配送中心、銷售型配送中心B.城市配送中心、區(qū)域配送中心

C.儲存型配送中心、流通型配送中心D.加工配送中心、流通型配送中心

7.（C）不屬于倉庫的功能？

A.調(diào)節(jié)供需功能B.運輸能力的調(diào)節(jié)

C.克服了生產(chǎn)和消費的地理位置上的差異 D.流通配送加工功能

8.EDI的結(jié)構(gòu)組成包括（A）。

A.EDI標準、EDI軟件及硬件和通信網(wǎng)絡(luò) B.增值網(wǎng)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

C.格式化的標準文件、條碼技術(shù) D.貿(mào)易文件、條碼技術(shù)

9.按物流作業(yè)流程，物流信息系統(tǒng)可分為（B）。

A儲管理系統(tǒng)、配送管理系統(tǒng)、運輸管理系統(tǒng) B.進貨管理系統(tǒng)、銷售管理系統(tǒng)和庫存管理系統(tǒng)

C.儲管理系統(tǒng)、銷售管理系統(tǒng)、運輸管理系統(tǒng) D.儲管理系統(tǒng)、配送管理系統(tǒng)、庫存管理系統(tǒng)

10.配送不包括（D）功能要素。

A.備貨B.理貨C.送貨D.退貨

二、判斷題

1.運輸管理職能部門在物流管理中起著龍頭作用，各下屬單位需用的物品報計劃科確認后，發(fā)送調(diào)運任務(wù)。錯

2.客戶服務(wù)是物流企業(yè)與客戶之間聯(lián)系的重要環(huán)節(jié)，是物流企業(yè)提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量和企業(yè)競爭能力的有效手段。對

3.ECR是指物流企業(yè)面對多品種，小批量的客戶，不是儲備了“產(chǎn)品”，而是準備了各種要素，在客戶提出需求時，以最快的速度提供條件，及時完成配送，提供所需服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品。錯

4.對方貿(mào)易伙伴在收到信息后，按相同的操作將EDI標準格式文件轉(zhuǎn)化為企業(yè)的貿(mào)易文件。錯

5.配送企業(yè)只有真正實現(xiàn)零庫存，用戶才能實現(xiàn)真正意義的零庫存，盡管即時配送的成本較高，但這是現(xiàn)代化配送的重要發(fā)展方向。對

6.一般來講，在買方市場下，企業(yè)成品銷售需要有較大庫存支持，其配送中心需要具備較弱的儲存功能。錯

7.配送活動能夠使分散的經(jīng)營活動協(xié)調(diào)運行，減少社會范圍內(nèi)的迂回運輸、交叉運輸、重復(fù)運輸?shù)痊F(xiàn)象，創(chuàng)造更多的物流經(jīng)濟效益。對

8.與一般運輸形態(tài)不同的是，配送運輸是較短距離、較小規(guī)模、頻度較高的運輸形式，它是面向用戶的“末端運輸”、“支線運輸”、“二次運輸”，一般使用汽車作為運輸工具。對

9.在配送活動中，貨物儲存有兩種表現(xiàn)形態(tài)：一種是暫存形態(tài)，另一種是儲備（包括保險儲備和周轉(zhuǎn)儲備）形態(tài)。對

10.對于要入庫的貨物，關(guān)鍵要做好兩項工作：一是核對數(shù)量、二是核對質(zhì)量。錯

第六章練習(xí)題

一、單項選擇題

1、以下哪項活動不屬于財務(wù)管理的內(nèi)容。（C）

A．籌資活動 B．投資活動

C．管理活動 D．分配活動

2、企業(yè)理財人員應(yīng)確立（A）觀念，重視利息的作用。

A．資金時間價值 B．風(fēng)險

C．機會損益 D．彈性

3、現(xiàn)金流是英文CashFlow的直譯，就是在一段時間內(nèi)的（B）。

A．現(xiàn)金總收入 B．現(xiàn)金凈流入 C．現(xiàn)金總支出 D．凈利潤

4、（D）可以縮短現(xiàn)金周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)。

A．延長應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù) B．延長營業(yè)周期

C．延長存貨周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù) D．延長應(yīng)付賬款周轉(zhuǎn)天

5、企業(yè)實行全過程成本管理，意味著成本管理的范圍涵蓋了產(chǎn)品的（C）。

A．生產(chǎn)過程 B．設(shè)計過程 C．整個壽命周期 D．銷售過程

6、（B）就是那些在客戶看來沒有價值的活動。

A．損失 B．浪費 C．成本 D．費用

7、在下列指標中，可用于衡量企業(yè)短期償債能力的是（B）。

A．產(chǎn)權(quán)比率 B．流動比率 C．資產(chǎn)負債率 D．已獲利息倍數(shù)

8、應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率提高意味著（C）。

A．短期償債能力增強 B．收賬費用增大 C．收賬迅速，賬齡較短 D．銷售成本較低

二、判斷題

1、財務(wù)管理的對象就是資金運動。（對）

2、利潤最大化目標科學(xué)地考慮了風(fēng)險與報酬的聯(lián)系。（錯）

3、現(xiàn)金是一種非收益性資產(chǎn)，持有過多會影響企業(yè)投資收益的提高。（對）

4、現(xiàn)金流預(yù)算是現(xiàn)金流管理的重要手段，所有企業(yè)都可以采用一種預(yù)測方法。（錯）

5、成本定額管理的關(guān)鍵，首先在于制定標準消耗量。（對）

6、利潤表上反映的是時點數(shù)，資產(chǎn)負債表上反映的是時期數(shù)。（錯）

三、簡答題

1、企業(yè)價值最大化這一財務(wù)目標有什么優(yōu)缺點？

答：以企業(yè)價值最大化作為財務(wù)管理的目標，具有以下優(yōu)點：

（1）企業(yè)價值最大化目標既考慮了股東的利益，又充分考慮了其他利益集團的利益。

（2）企業(yè)價值最大化目標科學(xué)地考慮了風(fēng)險與報酬的聯(lián)系。

（3）企業(yè)價值最大化能克服企業(yè)在追求利潤上的短期行為，因為不僅目前的利潤會影響企業(yè)的價值，預(yù)期未來的利潤對企業(yè)價值的影響所起的作用更大。

這種觀點的缺陷是：企業(yè)價值最大化這一目標，最大的問題就是其計量問題。從實踐上看，可以通過資產(chǎn)評估來確定企業(yè)價值的大小，但具體技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)上還有許多問題需要解決。

2、談?wù)勝|(zhì)量成本及其管理的內(nèi)涵。

答：質(zhì)量成本概念是TQM的倡導(dǎo)者、質(zhì)量管理大師費根堡姆提出的。質(zhì)量成本是指企業(yè)將產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量保持在規(guī)定的標準上而需支出的費用，以及因未達到規(guī)定的質(zhì)量標準而發(fā)生的損失兩者之和。一般包括：預(yù)防成本、檢驗成本、內(nèi)部缺陷成本、外部缺陷成本、外部質(zhì)量保證成本。質(zhì)量成本管理，是指根據(jù)預(yù)定的質(zhì)量成本目標，對實際工作中發(fā)生的所有質(zhì)量成本，進行指導(dǎo)、限制和監(jiān)督，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，及時采取有效措施，或不斷推廣先進經(jīng)驗，以促進產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量成本不斷下降，取得最佳經(jīng)濟效益而實施的一種管理行為。

3、資產(chǎn)負債表能提供哪些信息？

答：資產(chǎn)負債表可以提供如下信息：第一，可以提供某一日期資產(chǎn)的總額及其結(jié)構(gòu)，表明企業(yè)擁有或控制的資源及其分布情況；第二，可以提供某一日期的負債總額及其結(jié)構(gòu)，表明企業(yè)未來需要用多少資產(chǎn)或勞務(wù)清償債務(wù)以及清償時間；第三，可以反映所有者所擁有的權(quán)益，據(jù)以判斷資本保值、增值的情況以及對負債的保障程度。此外，資產(chǎn)負債表還可以提供進行財務(wù)分析的基本資料，如將流動資產(chǎn)與流動負債進行比較，計算出流動比率；將速動資產(chǎn)

與流動負債進行比較，計算出速動比率等，可以表明企業(yè)的變現(xiàn)能力、償債能力和資金周轉(zhuǎn)能力，從而有助于報表使用者做出經(jīng)濟決策。

四、計算題

1、某企業(yè)預(yù)計全年現(xiàn)金需要總量為40萬元，其收支狀況比較穩(wěn)定。每次有價證券（年利率10%）變現(xiàn)固定費用為800元。計算最佳現(xiàn)金持有量、最低現(xiàn)金管理成本，并確定證券的變現(xiàn)次數(shù)和時間。

答：最佳現(xiàn)金持有量=(2*400000*800/0.1)1/2 =80000（元）

最低現(xiàn)金管理總成本=(2*400000*800*0.1)1/2 =8000（元）

證券變現(xiàn)次數(shù)＝400000/80000＝5（次）

變現(xiàn)間隔時間=360/5=72（天）

2、某公司2008年年初應(yīng)收賬款余額為20000元，存貨余額為14000元。年末流動資產(chǎn)合計36000元，其流動比率為2.0，速動比率為1.2，存貨周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)為3。全年產(chǎn)品賒銷凈額為156000元，除應(yīng)收賬款外的速動資產(chǎn)忽略不計。要求分別計算：

（1）年末流動負債余額；

（2）年末存貨余額；

（3）產(chǎn)品銷售成本；

（4）年末應(yīng)收賬款；

（5）應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率。

答：（1）年末流動負債余額＝流動資產(chǎn)÷流動比率＝36000÷2.0＝18000（元）

（2）年末速動資產(chǎn)余額＝流動負債×速動比率＝18000×1.2＝21600（元）

年末存貨余額＝流動資產(chǎn)－速動資產(chǎn)＝36000－21600＝14400（元）

（3）主營業(yè)務(wù)成本＝平均存貨×存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率

＝（14000＋14400）÷2×3＝42600（元）

（4）年末應(yīng)收賬款＝年末速動資產(chǎn)余額＝21600（元）

（5）應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率＝賒銷凈額÷平均應(yīng)收賬款余額

＝156000÷〔（20000＋21600）÷2〕＝7.5（次）

一、單選題

1、以下哪個選項屬于非正式溝通的方式（D）。

A.發(fā)布文件 B.會議報告 C.工作總結(jié) D.網(wǎng)上聊天

2.以下不屬于管理溝通要素的是（D）。

A.編碼和解碼 B.發(fā)送者和接收者 C.背景 D.思想

3.以下不屬于溝通中個體障礙的是（C）。

A.選擇性知覺 B.情緒 C.目標差異 D.信息操控

4.醒目、準確、可查閱、可保存、正式、方便快捷等，這屬于以下哪種溝通技能的優(yōu)點？（C）

A.傾聽 B.面談 C.書面語言溝通 D.演講

5.溝通者可信度的因素包括溝通者的（D）。

A.身份地位B.良好意愿 C.專業(yè)知識 D.以上都是

6.當(dāng)溝通者認為溝通的目的在于幫助他人或下屬認識他們的思想情感和個性問題時，則更適合采用（B）。

A.告知策略 B.咨詢性策略 C.說服策略 D.指導(dǎo)性策略

7.以下不是溝通信息策略所要解決的問題是（A）。

A.激發(fā)受眾 B.篩選和過濾信息C.強調(diào)信息D.組織信息

8.在危機處理過程中，應(yīng)努力避免信息不對稱的情況，在對內(nèi)、對外兩個層面上，保持信息管道的雙向暢

通。這指的是危機溝通的（B）。

A.真誠原則B.信息對稱C.快速反應(yīng)D.核心立場

9.在沖突溝通中，當(dāng)爭議雙方都堅信自己的想法是對的，此時適宜采用（A）策略。

A.和平共存B.按兵不動C.粉飾太平D.鐵令如山

10.以下哪條不屬于書面語言溝通的“4C”原則？（D）

A.正確B.清晰C.完整D.理性

二、判斷題

1.解碼是發(fā)送者把自己的思想、觀點、情感等信息根據(jù)一定的語言、語義規(guī)則翻譯成可以傳送的信號。錯

2.溝通客體策略突出了溝通者站在對方的立場思考問題和傳遞信息這個本質(zhì)。正確

3.溝通者不但要把信息傳遞給對方，還需要了解對方的反應(yīng)，確認信息傳遞出去之后的效果，這反映了管理溝通的策略性的特點。錯

4.管理溝通有利于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者激勵下屬，建立良好的人際關(guān)系和組織氛圍，提高員工的士氣。對

5.現(xiàn)實中，人們往往重視語言溝通，而忽視非語言溝通的重要意義。事實上，非語言信息往往能夠更有力地傳達信息。對

6.所謂正式溝通，是指組織成員私下的交談、傳聞和“小道消息”等。非正式溝通一般體現(xiàn)的是感情交流的功能。錯

7.進行自我剖析，關(guān)鍵是分析個人的協(xié)調(diào)能力。錯

8.告知策略一般用于溝通者在權(quán)威或信息方面處于主導(dǎo)地位，但受眾有最終決定權(quán)的狀況。錯

9.管理溝通是組織變革中的重要內(nèi)容，但它僅存在于組織變革部分環(huán)節(jié)。錯

10.管理溝通的對象既有個人，也有群體和組織。對 第八章 團隊管理

一、單選題

1.一般在團隊中，傳統(tǒng)的角色可以從（A）中看出。

A.工作描述 B.崗位規(guī)范 C.招聘廣告 D.沒有正確答案

2.在團隊建設(shè)過程中，團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不應(yīng)該具備的能力是(D)。

A.交流溝通能力 B.激勵員工的能力 C.人際交往能力 D.員工服從自己的能力

3.影響團隊凝聚力的因素不包括（D）。

A.團隊成員的組成 B.團隊的目標 C.團隊的激勵方式 D.團隊成員的水平

4.能否對員工進行授權(quán)要取決于很多方面，（D）可能不會影響授權(quán)。

A.員工個人的技能水平B.員工個人的工作能力

C.團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)信任成員的程度 D.團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的知識水平

5.彼得?圣吉的《第五項修煉》中所提到的五項修煉，不包括下面的（B）。

A.自我超越 B.團隊創(chuàng)新 C.心智模式 D.系統(tǒng)思考

6.如果團隊中存在大量的沖突，很可能是因為（C）。

A.團隊成員參與不夠 B.團隊成員的退出

C.團隊成員之間沒有足夠的信任 D.成員不能分享感受與觀點

7.管理者必須對計劃做出承諾，這是因為（A）。

A.只有這樣，團隊成員才能更加投入 B.管理者的成功離不開計劃

C.這樣的計劃才是好的計劃 D.這樣才可以使計劃更加切合實際

8.小李的工作表現(xiàn)一直不錯，但是最近他老是悶悶不樂，團隊主管與他進行了一次交談，原來是他的家中出現(xiàn)了一些問題，主管幫他解決了問題，小李的工作積極性又提高了。這種情況說明團隊成員和團隊管理者之間（A）。

A.及時溝通的重要性 B.相互理解的重要性 C.相互信任的重要性 D.平等的重要性

9.維護團隊的共同意識有很多好處，下面(D)不是好處之一。

A.人們有一種歸屬于團隊的感覺 B.團隊內(nèi)部交流得到改善

C.解決問題的能力提高 D.讓團隊成員的個性消失

10.團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不愿意授權(quán)都是有原因的，那么下面(D)是原因之一。

A.我相信某些人能夠按時完成工作 B.這件事可以由他來完成

C.讓某些人去承擔(dān)這些工作，我覺得我的壓力減輕了 D.沒有一個人能做得像我一樣好

二、判斷

1.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者信任其團隊時，就會將一切任務(wù)的管理權(quán)交給他們。（N）

2.只要有良好的團隊，就會有良好的決策。(N)

3.團隊中成員和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)之間的關(guān)系應(yīng)該建立在信任的基礎(chǔ)之上，如果沒有信任，團隊成員之間的交流和合作就不可能。(Y)

4.能夠共同協(xié)作是團隊工作的優(yōu)勢之一。(Y)

5.團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)必須確保批評是針對事實，不要針對個人，只有這樣，才能有助于培養(yǎng)團隊成員間融洽的氣氛。(Y)

6.優(yōu)秀的團隊文化能夠代替刻板的規(guī)章制度，增強團隊的凝聚力，提高團隊的創(chuàng)新能力。(Y)7.授權(quán)可以將團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者從常規(guī)的任務(wù)中解脫出來，去執(zhí)行更重要的任務(wù)。（Y）

8.只要制定出SMART目標，那么這個目標就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。（N）

三、簡答題

1.簡述影響團隊士氣的因素。

答：影響團隊士氣的因素包括以下幾個方面：

（1）對團隊目標的認同與否。如果團隊成員贊同、擁護團隊目標，他們會覺得自己的要求和愿望在目標中有所體現(xiàn)，士氣就會高漲。（2）利益分配體系是否合理。組織的利益分配體系應(yīng)合理，以鼓勵員工共同合作，提高士氣，而不是增強員工之間的競爭氣氛。組織中的晉升、加薪和其他形式的認可，應(yīng)該給予那些善于在團隊中與其他成員合作共事的個人。只有在公平、合理、同工同酬、論功行賞的情形下人們的積極性才會提升，士氣才會高昂。（3）團隊成員對工作產(chǎn)生的滿足感。個人對工作非常熱愛、感興趣，而且工作也適合個人的能力與特長，士氣就高。（4）團隊內(nèi)部的和諧程度。團隊內(nèi)人際關(guān)系和諧，團隊成員之間互相贊許、認同、信任、體諒，通力合作，這時凝聚力就會很強，很少出現(xiàn)沖突，就會提高士氣。相反，發(fā)生內(nèi)訌、窩里斗的團體，即便欲努力工作的成員也缺乏條件，只會耗費能力和資源，延誤發(fā)展機會。

2.如何理解團隊文化建設(shè)。

答：團隊文化是由團隊價值觀、團隊使命、團隊愿景和團隊氛圍等要素綜合在一起而形成的。建設(shè)團隊文化的關(guān)鍵就是在團隊形成與發(fā)展的過程中提煉團隊的價值觀、團隊使命和團隊愿景，并以此為基礎(chǔ)逐漸形成相對固定的團隊氛圍。團隊文化建設(shè)是團隊管理的重要組成部分。（1）選好優(yōu)秀的團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人有著獨特的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)魅力，這包括優(yōu)秀的表達能力，善于聆聽他人，善于說服，卓越的組織能力，果斷的決策能力。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的素質(zhì)有多高，決定了團隊最終能走多遠。（2）建立共同愿景。團隊愿景從管理哲學(xué)角度來講就是解決團隊是什么，要成為什么的基本問題，是團隊中大家共同愿望的景象，它是人們心中一股令人深受感召的力量。在人類團體活動中，很少有像共同愿景這樣能激發(fā)出強大的力量。（3）提升團隊士氣。組建團隊時，團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要確保團隊成員對團隊目標的一致性，使團隊成員認可和贊同團隊目標，感覺他們的要求和意愿在團隊目標中有所體現(xiàn)，以提升團隊士氣。

3.簡述團隊績效的影響因素。

答：影響團隊績效的因素通常有以下幾種：

（1）團隊結(jié)構(gòu)。團隊結(jié)構(gòu)包括團隊規(guī)模、團隊成員異質(zhì)性、團隊成員間的熟悉度等方面。有研究認為，團隊的規(guī)模和團隊成員的異質(zhì)性越大，團隊成員獲得信息的渠道越暢通，團隊績效就越容易得以提升。（2）團隊成員的心理因素和性格特征。間接經(jīng)驗或示范和反饋影響團隊績效，在很大程度上是通過情感評價反應(yīng)和可知覺的團隊功效感來調(diào)節(jié)的。團隊成員的團隊功效感越高，其團隊績效也就越高。（3）團隊的激

勵。激勵理論認為，組織成員之間的合作由于受目標不一致和信息不對稱等因素的影響，經(jīng)常被部分成員的機會主義行為所破壞，而建立適當(dāng)?shù)募顧C制不僅能夠減輕這種行為，而且能夠提高團隊績效。（4）其他因素。除以上因素外，團隊目標完成情況、顧客滿意度、工作完成的質(zhì)量、團隊人際關(guān)系的建立及維持情況等也會影響團隊績效。

四、案例分析

三個和尚在一所破寺院里相遇。“這所寺院為什么荒廢了？”不知是誰提出的問題。

“必是和尚不虔，所以菩薩不靈。”甲和尚說。“必是和尚不勤，所以廟產(chǎn)不修。”乙和尚說。

“必是和尚不敬，所以香客不多。”丙和尚說。三人爭執(zhí)不休，最后決定留下來各盡其能，看看誰能最后獲得成功。于是，甲和尚禮佛念經(jīng)，乙和尚整理廟務(wù)，丙和尚化緣講經(jīng)。果然香火漸盛，原來的寺院恢復(fù)了往日的壯觀。“都因為我禮佛念經(jīng)，所以菩薩顯靈。”甲和尚說。“都因為我勤加管理，所以寺務(wù)周全。”乙和尚說。“都因為我勸世奔走，所以香客眾多。”丙和尚說。三人爭執(zhí)不休、不事正務(wù)，漸漸地，寺院里的盛況又逐漸消失了。問題：1.三個和尚組成的團隊目標在那里？ 2.這個和尚團隊為什么由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰最終失敗？ 3.這個和尚團隊建設(shè)問題關(guān)鍵出在什么地方？

答：1.三個和尚的目標是香火旺盛。2.寺院由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰，既非和尚不虔，也不是和尚不勤，更非和尚不敬，而是和尚不睦。3.和尚團隊建設(shè)問題關(guān)鍵在于他們之間的不協(xié)作。團隊成員協(xié)作不僅要分工，還要協(xié)作和監(jiān)督，才能實現(xiàn)團隊目標，彼此各自為政只能是一盤散沙。對于一個團隊而言，如果團隊中的成員只考慮自己的工作，而不去考慮他人，很可能因為協(xié)調(diào)不善而出現(xiàn)問題。相互協(xié)作，相互支持，因為團隊的成功才是每一個成員的成功。

一、單選題：

1、目前所發(fā)生的刺激引起的壓力稱為（）B A.預(yù)期壓力 B.慢性壓力 C.情境壓力 D.殘留壓力

2、以下關(guān)于壓力的說法，哪一個是錯誤的？（）D A.壓力是一個動態(tài)的過程 B.壓力過程具有多重性

C.壓力過程具有積累效應(yīng) D.壓力過程具有緩解性

3、個體感受與評估刺激時不會受到下列哪個因素的影響？（）D A.個人認知 B.社會經(jīng)驗 C.人格特點 D.個人愛好

4、ABCD法中C代表（）？B

A.既不重要也不緊急的目標或事件 B.緊急但不重要的目標或事件

C.重要且緊急的目標或事件 D.重要但不緊急的目標或事件

5、提供財務(wù)與服務(wù)的支持，即通過直接提供解決問題的工具，或者提供個體得以放松或娛樂的時間來幫助減輕壓力反應(yīng)，這屬于哪種類型的社會支持？（）C

A.信任支持 B.信息支持 C.工具性支持 D.社會成員身份的支持

6、組織壓力管理要遵循的原則不包括（）？D A.崗位原則 B.具體原則 C.適度原則 D.時間原則

7、當(dāng)員工因為工作內(nèi)容單調(diào)而產(chǎn)生厭煩感時，組織可以通過（）緩解。B A.工作輪換 B.工作豐富化 C.工作擴大化 D.改善工作內(nèi)容

8、王先生畢業(yè)于上海某醫(yī)科大學(xué),當(dāng)年因為學(xué)業(yè)出眾,作為佼佼者被某知名三級醫(yī)院錄用,可是他工作沒多久,就因為和科室里的同事相處不好,覺得受他們排擠,能力不被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)認可,工作壓力大就毅然辭職了。王先生的壓力來源于（）。

A．社會環(huán)境 B.家庭生活 C.人際關(guān)系 D.理想與現(xiàn)實的差距

9、遇有負面情緒時，最簡單的辦法就是：（）C A.沉默 B.謾罵 C.宣泄 D.下棋

10.識別壓力預(yù)警信號，可從下面哪一方面進行識別？（）D A.生理信號 B.情緒信號 C.行為信號彈 D.以上都包括

二、判斷題

1、適度的壓力并不是壞事。（√）

2、當(dāng)你被一頭獅子追趕時，你可能比劉翔跑得還快。這說明壓力就是動力。（×）

3、具有高成就感的人由于追求成就感往往容易感到工作壓力。（√）

4、內(nèi)控型人格的人比外控型人格的人排遣壓力的渠道和方式多。（×）

5、運用重要—緊急事件區(qū)分表法時，應(yīng)將主要精力用于表格Ⅳ中的事件。（×）

6、工作要求與較多人進行接觸與溝通，容易讓員工產(chǎn)生高壓力。（√）

7、當(dāng)因為組織變革給員工在安全感方面造成壓力，組織應(yīng)該放棄變革。（×）

8、環(huán)境的變化包括社會環(huán)境、組織環(huán)境。當(dāng)一個人已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了一個環(huán)境時，就不會產(chǎn)生壓力。

9、只要組織實施了公平公正的績效考評程序，員工就不會產(chǎn)生壓力。（×）

10、通過個體的壓力管理可以徹底消除壓力。（×）

三、簡答題

1、什么是EAP項目？實施該項目中可以采取哪些模式？每一模式有哪些優(yōu)點？

EAP項目是由組織為幫助員工及其家屬解決職業(yè)心理健康問題，由組織出資為員工設(shè)置的一套系統(tǒng)的、長期的福利與支持項目。

在實施EAP中，有四種模式可供選擇。第一種是內(nèi)部模式，也就是在組織內(nèi)部設(shè)置一個專門部門，由人力資源管理、心理咨詢等專業(yè)背景的專職人員從事EAP服務(wù)，可以放在人力資源管理部門、工會，也可以獨立于所有部門。這種模式的優(yōu)點是：針對性強，適應(yīng)性好，能全面了解員工的狀況，并提供及時的服務(wù)。內(nèi)部模式一般適宜于比較大型的和成熟的組織。第二種模式是外部模式，即聘請外部專業(yè)的EAP機構(gòu)向員工提供幫助，組織與專業(yè)的EAP公司簽訂合同，并有專人負責(zé)與EAP公司聯(lián)系和協(xié)調(diào)。這種模式的優(yōu)點在于所有EAP服務(wù)都由專業(yè)人員完成，專業(yè)性強，保密性好，能夠?qū)⒆钚碌募夹g(shù)應(yīng)用到實際服務(wù)中。有關(guān)資料顯示，在美國《財富》雜志評選的世界500強企業(yè)中，75%以上的企業(yè)都聘請有EAP專業(yè)公司為自己企業(yè)的管理者和員工服務(wù)。第三種是組合模式。這種模式是將內(nèi)部與外部模式聯(lián)合起來，部分職責(zé)由內(nèi)部EAP人員完成，其它職責(zé)由簽約外部EAP專業(yè)人士完成。這種模式的優(yōu)點是能夠充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)內(nèi)部和外部的聯(lián)合優(yōu)勢。第四種模式是聯(lián)合模式，即若干組織聯(lián)合成立一個專門的EAP服務(wù)機構(gòu)，由專職人員為這些組織的員工提供專業(yè)的服務(wù)，這種模式優(yōu)點是可以最大限度地節(jié)省經(jīng)費。

2、在針對工作壓力源進行壓力管理時，組織可采用哪些方法對工作進行再設(shè)計呢？

工作再設(shè)計簡單來說也就是重新設(shè)計員工的工作，指重新確定所要完成的具體任務(wù)、方法，以及該工作如何與其他工作相互聯(lián)系起來的過程。工作再設(shè)計的內(nèi)容涉及員工工作的各個方面，包括工作任務(wù)、工作職責(zé)、工作關(guān)系、工作環(huán)境等。包括工作擴大化、工作豐富化、工作輪換及改變工作環(huán)境等方式。

3、個體可以通過哪些策略緩解壓力？

個體可以從四個方面來進行：第一是針對壓力源造成的問題本身去處理，主要從個人認知方面入手，提高認知性自我管理技能；第二是處理壓力所造成的反應(yīng)，提高應(yīng)對性自我管理技能，包括時間管理、情緒管理等；第三是尋找壓力緩解的社會途徑，提高支持性自我管理技能；第四是提高保護性自我管理技能，主要包括靜坐冥想、放松與體育訓(xùn)練、合理膳食等方面。

4、如何有效管理因組織變革導(dǎo)致的員工壓力？

組織變革在安全感和技能方面給員工造成一定的壓力，但不能因為員工不適應(yīng)變革甚至是抑制變革就放棄對組織結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化和提升。所以要想順利推行變革，同時又減輕員工的憂慮感，需要采取積極的措施。如何有效推動組織變革，并能使員工的壓力處于合理范圍，可以通過從組織變革的三個環(huán)節(jié)分別進行。一般來說，組織的變革會經(jīng)歷解凍現(xiàn)、移動到新狀態(tài)、重新凍結(jié)新變革使之持久這三個環(huán)節(jié)（見圖9-5）。組織可以在不同的環(huán)節(jié)采取不同的策略。

在第一階段，組織壓力管理的重點即創(chuàng)造變革的動力。讓員工清醒認識到過去的均衡已不能滿足組織發(fā)展需要，將員工注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到變革的必要性上，而不是沉迷于過去的行為方式，同時是讓員工減少對于變革和未來的恐懼，增加他們的變革信念。

在第二階段管理的重點即指明改變的方向，實施變革，使員工形成新的態(tài)度和行為，創(chuàng)造一種未來愿景，綜合考慮達成這一目標所需要的步驟。通過愿景激勵員工，打消他們對變革結(jié)果的疑慮，減少不確定感；需要讓員工明確成功變革應(yīng)該具備的態(tài)度和行為，讓他們真正參與到變革中來，將壓力化為前進的動力。

第三階段的重點是把組織穩(wěn)定在一個新的均衡狀態(tài)，保證新的工作方式不會輕易改變。讓員工能夠檢驗自己和他人對于變革的態(tài)度和行為，同時組織要對員工的變革成果持肯定態(tài)度，讓他們感受到自己的作用，增強對變革的信心，可以從員工中選擇標桿實施獎勵。

（一）、單項選擇題

1、關(guān)于危機，下列表述錯誤的是（A）

A危機是從企業(yè)的角度來定義的 B危機在爆發(fā)之前征兆通常不明顯

C危機大多是在很短的時間爆發(fā)的 D危機的成因往往很復(fù)雜

2、那些直接或間接受到危機影響，并遭受實際損失的人是（B）

A公眾 B危機受害者 C危機處理者 D危機客體

3、危機預(yù)警的核心就是要建立一個完善有效的（A）

A危機預(yù)警信息系統(tǒng) B信息發(fā)布系統(tǒng) C信息監(jiān)測系統(tǒng) D信息控制系統(tǒng)

4、危機事件突發(fā)期的管理叫做（B）

A危機預(yù)防 B危機預(yù)警 C危機控制 D危機恢復(fù)

5、危機事件持續(xù)期的管理叫做（C）

A危機預(yù)防 B危機預(yù)警 C危機控制 D危機恢復(fù)

6、管理者應(yīng)當(dāng)在危機的（D）承擔(dān)危機各個階段的決策、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和控制職責(zé)。

A危機預(yù)警階段 B危機控制階段 C危機善后階段 D危機所有階段

7、下列不屬于危機基本特征的是（C）。

A突發(fā)性 B不確定性 C社會性 D不可轉(zhuǎn)化性

8、突發(fā)事件最基層的行政責(zé)任主體是（B）。

A鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民政府 B縣級人民政府 C市級人民政府 D省級人民政府

9、政府采取危機應(yīng)對措施必須有憲法上的授權(quán)，并且政府啟動危機管理機制必須有法律上的明確規(guī)定。這即告訴我們，政府在危機應(yīng)對中應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循（A）。

A合法性原則 B合理性原則 C責(zé)任原則 D時效原則

10、下列關(guān)于危機決策的表述，不正確的是（A）。

A危機決策往往是在條件充分的情景下做出的B危機決策往往是在信息不對稱的情景下做出的C危機決策往往是在時間不充裕的情景下做出的D危機決策往往是在后果不確定的情景下做出的（二）、判斷題

1、危機爆發(fā)時間的不確定性、狀態(tài)的不確定性、影響的不確定性和危機回應(yīng)的不確定性等。Y

2、危機的爆發(fā)是不可避免的。N

3、危機管理者的直接任務(wù)是收集、分析和傳播信息。Y

4、危機管理的基礎(chǔ)工作不包括危機風(fēng)險識別。N

5、危機既包含著危險，也包含著機遇。Y

6、危機通常遵循一個特定的生命周期。Y

7、在公共危機管理中，政府是唯一的主體，其他社會組織和成員只能被置于被動的配合與執(zhí)行地位。N

8、對于因采取危機措施的需要而給公民的財產(chǎn)和權(quán)利造成損失的，事后不需要補償。N

9、危機管理中統(tǒng)一的指揮體制可以節(jié)約管理成本。Y

10、危機處理過程中為了減少群眾的恐慌，應(yīng)當(dāng)有選擇的公開信息。N

第五篇：葡萄溝練習(xí)題及答案

《葡萄溝》

一、抄抄寫寫

葡 萄 溝 杏 子 山 坡 梯 田 秋 季 吃 個 夠 淡 綠 好 客 留 著 茂 密

二、在下面紅色字的正確讀音上畫“√”

1．吐魯番的葡萄很好（hǎo hào）吃。

2.維吾爾族老鄉(xiāng)熱情好（hǎo hào）客。

3．葡萄里的水分（fēn fèn）蒸發(fā)掉，就成了葡萄干。

4．吐魯番的葡萄干十分（fēn fèn）有名。

三、比一比，組詞

弟（）各（）皮（）淡（）夠（）溝（）梯（）客（）坡（）毯（）狗（）鉤（）

四、讀拼音，擴詞

jì jié yǔ jì chūn jì

1．季（）（）（）

liú shén liú niàn liú xué

2．留（）（）（）

五、讀一讀，記一記

木子——李（lǐ）上口下木——呆（dāi）禾子——季（jì）上木下口——杏（xìnɡ）

六、在（）里填上合適的詞，把句子寫具體

1．葡萄干有名。

（）的葡萄萄干（）有名。

2．葡萄掛在綠葉底下。

（）的葡萄掛在綠葉底下。

3．維吾爾族老鄉(xiāng)摘下葡萄。

（）的維吾爾族老鄉(xiāng)摘下（）的葡萄。

七、填空，再說說下面哪句話講了這段話的意思，在（）“√”

新疆吐魯番有個地方叫葡萄溝。那里出產(chǎn)（）。五月有（），七八月有（）、（）、（），到九十月份，人們最（）的（）成熟了。

1．吐魯番的葡萄人們最喜歡。（）

2．吐魯番的葡萄溝出產(chǎn)各種水果。（）

3．吐魯番的葡萄溝出產(chǎn)水果和人們最喜歡的葡萄。（）

參考答案

二、1．hǎo

2.hào

3.fèn

4.fēn

三、弟弟 梯田 各種 客人 皮球 山坡 淡綠色 地毯 夠用 小狗 山溝 魚鉤

四、季節(jié) 雨季 春季 留神 留念 留學(xué)

六、1．顏色鮮，味道甜 非常 2.一大串一大串 3.熱情好客 最甜

七、水果 杏子 香梨 蜜桃 沙果 喜愛 葡萄 2．（√）