第一篇：溫家寶2009講話

溫家寶在世界經濟論壇2009年年會上的講話

堅定信心 加強合作 推動世界經濟新一輪增長

Strengthen Confidence and Work Together for A New Round of World Economic Growth ━━在世界經濟論壇2009年年會上的特別致辭

中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶

Special Message by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009（2009年1月28日）

尊敬的施瓦布主席，女士們，先生們：

Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, Ladies and Gentlemen，很高興出席世界經濟論壇2009年年會，并發表特別致辭。首先，我要感謝施瓦布主席的盛情邀請和周到安排。本屆年會意義特殊，在歷史罕見的國際金融危機之中，各國政要、企業家和專家學者聚集在這里，圍繞“重塑危機后的世界”這一主題，共同探討維護國際金融穩定、促進世界經濟增長的舉措，探索全球綜合治理之道，既有重要的現實意義，也體現了會議舉辦者的遠見卓識。各方面熱切期盼從這里聽到富有智慧的聲音，凝聚戰勝危機的力量。我們有責任向世界傳遞信心、勇氣和希望。我預祝本屆年會取得成功！

I am delighted to be here and address the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009.Let me begin by thanking Chairman Schwab for his kind invitation and thoughtful arrangements.This annual meeting has a special significance.Amidst a global financial crisis rarely seen in history, it brings together government leaders, business people, experts and scholars of different countries to jointly explore ways to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth and better address global issues.Its theme--“Shaping the Post-Crisis World” is highly relevant.It reflects the vision of its organizers.People from across the world are eager to hear words of wisdom from here that will give them strength to tide over the crisis.It is thus our responsibility to send to the world a message of confidence, courage and hope.I look forward to a successful meeting.我們正在經歷的這場國際金融危機，使世界經濟陷入上世紀大蕭條以來最困難的境地。各國和國際社會紛紛采取積極應對措施，對提振信心、緩解危機、防止金融體系崩潰和世界經濟深度衰退起到了重要作用。這場危機的原因是多方面的。主要是：有關經濟體宏觀經濟政策不當、長期低儲蓄高消費的發展模式難以為繼；金融機構片面追逐利潤而過度擴張；金融及評級機構缺乏自律，導致風險信息和資產定價失真；金融監管能力與金融創新不匹配，金融衍生品風險不斷積聚和擴散。“吃一塹，長一智”。我們必須從中認真吸取教訓，正確處理儲蓄與消費的關系，金融創新與金融監管的關系，虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系，從根本上找到化解危機之策。

The ongoing international financial crisis has landed the world economy in the most difficult situation since last century's Great Depression.In the face of the crisis, countries and the international community have taken various measures to address it.These measures have played an important role in boosting confidence, reducing the consequences of the crisis, and forestalling a meltdown of the financial system and a deep global recession.This crisis is attributable to a variety of factors and the major ones are: inappropriate macroeconomic policies of some economies and their unsustainable model of development characterized by prolonged low savings and high consumption;excessive expansion of financial institutions in a blind pursuit of profit;lack of self-discipline among financial institutions and rating agencies and the ensuing distortion of risk information and asset pricing;and the failure of financial supervision and regulation to keep up with financial innovations, which allowed the risks of financial derivatives to build and spread.As the saying goes, “A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit,” we must draw lessons from this crisis and address its root causes.In other words, we must strike a balance between savings and consumption, between financial innovation and regulation, and between the financial sector and real economy.坦率地說，這場危機對中國經濟也造成較大沖擊，我們正面臨嚴峻挑戰。主要是：外部需求明顯收縮，部分行業產能過剩，企業生產經營困難，城鎮失業人員增多，經濟增長下行的壓力明顯加大。

The current crisis has inflicted a rather big impact on China's economy.We are facing severe challenges, including notably shrinking external demand, overcapacity in some sectors, difficult business conditions for enterprises, rising unemployment in urban areas and greater downward pressure on economic growth.中國作為一個負責任的大國，在危機中采取了積極負責的態度。我們把擴大國內有效需求特別是消費需求作為促進經濟增長的基本立足點。及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定和實施一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。

As a big responsible country, China has acted in an active and responsible way during this crisis.We mainly rely on expanding effective domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, to boost economic growth.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, introduced ten measures to shore up domestic demand and put in place a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at ensuring steady and relatively fast economic growth.一是大規模增加政府支出和實施結構性減稅。中國政府推出了總額達4萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于2007年中國GDP的16%，主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、生態環保等方面的建設和地震災后恢復重建，既有“十一五”規劃內加快實施的項目，也有根據發展需要新增的項目。這個計劃經過了科學論證，在資金保證上作了周密安排，其中中央政府計劃投資1．18萬億元，并帶動地方和社會資金參與建設。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，主要是全面實施增值稅轉型，出臺中小企業、房地產交易相關稅收優惠政策等措施，取消和停征100項行政事業性收費，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約5000億元。

First, substantially increase government spending and implement a structural tax cut.The Chinese Government has rolled out a two-year program involving a total investment of RMB 4 trillion, equivalent to 16 percent of China's GDP in 2007.The investment will mainly go to government-subsidized housing projects, projects concerning the well-being of rural residents, railway construction and other infrastructural projects, environmental protection projects and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Some of them are identified as priority projects in China's 11th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development.The rest are additional ones to meet the needs of the new situation.This two-year stimulus program has gone through scientific feasibility studies and is supported by a detailed financial arrangement.RMB 1.18 trillion will come from central government's budget, which is expected to generate funds from local governments and other sources.The Chinese Government has also launched a massive tax cut program which features the comprehensive transformation of the value-added tax, the adoption of preferential tax policies for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)and real estate transactions, and the abolition or suspension of 100 items of administrative fees.It is expected to bring about a total saving of RMB 500 billion for businesses and households each year.二是大頻度降息和增加銀行體系流動性。中央銀行連續五次下調金融機構存貸款利率，其中一年期存、貸款基準利率累計分別下調1．89和2．16個百分點，大幅度減輕企業財務負擔。連續四次下調存款準備金率，大型金融機構累計下調2個百分點，中小型金融機構累計下調4個百分點，共釋放流動性約8000億元，使商業銀行可用資金大幅增加。出臺一系列金融促進經濟增長的政策措施，擴大貸款總量，優化信貸結構，加大對“三農”、中小企業等方面的金融支持。

Second, frequently cut interest rates and increase liquidity in the banking system.The central bank has cut deposit and lending rates of financial institutions five times in a row, with the one-year benchmark deposit and lending rates down by 1.89 percentage points and 2.16 percentage points respectively.Thus the financial burden of companies has been greatly reduced.The required reserve ratio has been lowered four times, adding up to a total reduction of 2 percentage points for large financial institutions and 4 percentage points for small and medium-sized ones.This has released around RMB 800 billion of liquidity and substantially increased funds available to commercial banks.A series of policy measures have been adopted in the financial sector to boost economic growth, including increasing lending, optimizing the credit structure, and providing greater financial support to agriculture and the SMEs.三是大范圍實施產業調整振興規劃。我們抓住機遇全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等重點產業的調整和振興規劃，既著眼于解決企業當前存在的困難，又致力于產業的長遠發展。采取有力措施，推進企業兼并重組，淘汰落后產能，發展先進生產力，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵企業技術進步和技術改造，支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，調整產品結構，開發適銷對路產品，提高生產經營水平。我們不斷完善和落實金融支持政策，健全信用擔保體系，放寬市場準入，支持中小企業發展。Third, implement the industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program on a large scale.We are seizing the opportunity to push ahead comprehensive industrial restructuring and upgrading.To this end, plans are being drawn up for key industries such as automobile and iron and steel, which not only focus on addressing the immediate difficulties of enterprises but also look toward their long-term development.We have taken strong measures to facilitate the merger and reorganization of enterprises, phase out backward production capacity, promote advanced productive forces, and improve industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage our enterprises to upgrade technologies and make technological renovation.We support them in making extensive use of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials to restructure their product mix, develop marketable products and improve their competitiveness.Our financial support policies are being improved, a sound credit guarantee system installed and market access eased for the benefit of SME development.四是大力推進科技創新和技術改造。加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是16個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，創造新的社會需求，培育新的經濟增長點。五是大幅度提高社會保障水平。

Fourth, actively encourage innovation and upgrading in science and technology.We are speeding up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development with a special focus on 16 key projects in order to make breakthroughs in core technologies and key generic technologies.This will provide scientific and technological support for China's sustainable economic development at a higher level.We are developing high-tech industrial clusters and creating new social demand and new economic growth areas.Fifth, substantially raise the level of social security.我們加快完善社會保障體系，繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平，提高優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。今年中央財政用于社會保障和就業的資金投入增幅將大大高于財政收入增速。

We have accelerated the improvement of social safety net.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas, welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support and the special allowances and assistance to entitled groups.This year, the central budget for social security and employment will increase at a much higher rate than the growth of the overall fiscal revenue.我們積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務，預計三年內各級政府將為此投入8500億元。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。

We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.It is estimated that governments at all levels will invest RMB 850 billion for this purpose.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.今年將進一步提高農村義務教育公用經費標準，加大對家庭經濟困難學生的資助，提高中小學教師待遇，繼續促進教育公平和優化教育結構。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，特別是出臺了促進高校畢業生和農民工就業的各項政策措施，進一步開辟公益性就業崗位，千方百計減緩金融危機對就業的影響。

This year, we will increase public funds for compulsory education in rural areas, offer more financial support to students from poor families and improve the well-being of middle and primary school teachers so as to promote equity in education and optimize the educational structure.We are using every possible means to lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.We are following a more active employment policy.In particular, we have introduced various policy measures to help college graduates and migrant workers find jobs and provided more government-funded jobs in public service.總的看，這些重大政策措施，注重標本兼治、遠近結合，綜合協調、相互促進，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、推進科技創新、加強社會保障結合起來，把增加投資和刺激消費結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生結合起來，對于動員全社會力量共同應對危機，起到了關鍵性作用。

These major policy measures as a whole target both symptoms and root causes, and address both immediate and long-term concerns.They represent a holistic approach and are mutually reinforcing.They are designed to address the need to boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, encourage scientific innovation and strengthen social security.They are designed to stimulate consumption through increased investment, overcome the current difficulties with long-term development in mind, and promote economic growth in the interest of people's livelihood.These measures can mobilize all resources to meet the current crisis.當前中國經濟形勢總體上是好的。經過努力，在戰勝兩場突如其來的特大自然災害的同時，2008年中國經濟保持了平穩較快發展。國內生產總值增長9%，居民消費價格基本穩定；糧食連續五年豐收，總產量達到5．28億噸；城鎮新增就業1113萬人，城鄉居民收入持續增加；金融體系穩健運行，銀行體系流動性和信貸資產質量保持在較好水平。作為一個發展中大國，中國把自己的事情辦好，有利于提振對世界經濟增長的信心，有利于減緩國際金融危機擴散蔓延趨勢，有利于增加中國的進口和對外投資，拉動世界經濟增長，給其他國家提供更多發展機遇和就業機會。中國經濟保持平穩較快發展，對維護國際金融穩定和促進世界經濟增長做出了重要貢獻。

China's economy is in good shape on the whole.We managed to maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth in 2008 despite two unexpected massive natural disasters.Our GDP grew by 9 percent.CPI was basically stable.We had a good grain harvest for the fifth consecutive year, with a total output of 528.5 million tons.Eleven million and one hundred and thirty thousand new jobs were created in cities and towns.Household income in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.The financial system functioned well and the banking system kept its liquidity and credit asset quality at a healthy level.When China, a large developing country, runs its affairs well, it can help restore confidence in global economic growth and curb the spread of the international financial crisis.It will also help increase China's imports and outbound investment, boost world economic growth and create more development and job opportunities for other countries.Steady and fast growth of China's economy is in itself an important contribution to global financial stability and world economic growth.女士們，先生們： Ladies and Gentlemen，中國經濟能不能繼續保持平穩較快發展？有些人可能會有疑慮。我可以給大家一個肯定的回答：我們對此充滿信心。我們的信心來自哪里？信心來自中國經濟發展的基本面沒有改變。由于我們正確判斷形勢、及時果斷調整宏觀經濟政策，中國經濟仍然保持了平穩較快發展。我們制定并實施的既應對當前困難又著眼長遠發展的一攬子計劃，開始見到效果，今年將發揮更大作用。信心來自中國經濟發展的長期趨勢沒有改變。Will China's economy continue to grow fast and steadily? Some people may have doubts about it.Yet I can give you a definite answer: Yes, it will.We are full of confidence.Where does our confidence come from? It comes from the fact that the fundamentals of China's economy remain unchanged.Thanks to our right judgment of the situation and prompt and decisive adjustment to our macroeconomic policy, our economy remains on the track of steady and fast development.Our package plan takes into consideration both the need to address current difficulties and that of long-term development.It is beginning to produce results and will be more effective this year.Our confidence comes from the fact that the long-term trend of China's economic development remains unchanged.我們仍處于重要戰略機遇期，在工業化和城鎮化快速推進中，基礎設施建設、產業結構和消費結構升級、環境保護和生態建設、社會事業發展，蘊藏著巨大的需求和增長潛力，它將有力支撐中國經濟在較長時間內繼續保持較高速度增長。信心來自中國經濟發展的優勢沒有改變。經過30年改革開放，我們建立了良好的物質、技術和體制基礎。

We are in an important period of strategic opportunities and in the process of fast industrialization and urbanization.Infrastructure construction, upgrading of industrial and consumption structures, environmental protection and conservation projects, and various social development programs--all can be translated into huge demand and growth potential and will bolster relatively high-speed growth of our economy for a long time to come.Our confidence also comes from the fact that the advantages contributing to China's economic growth remain unchanged.With 30 years' of reform and opening-up, we have laid a good material, technological and institutional foundation.勞動力資源豐富、素質較高、成本較低；國家財政收支狀況良好，金融體系穩健，社會資金充裕；我們有集中力量辦大事的制度優勢、和諧安定的社會環境。更為重要的是，我們樹立了以人為本、全面協調可持續發展的科學發展理念，始終堅持改革開放，始終奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，找到了一條符合中國國情、順應時代潮流的正確發展道路；我們的人民擁有堅韌不拔、自強不息、百折不撓的精神與意志，正是這些優秀品質，使歷史悠久的中國在逆境中煥發更加強勁的生命力。

We have a large well-trained and relatively low-cost labor force.We have a healthy fiscal balance, a sound financial system and adequate funds.Our system enables us to mobilize the necessary resources for big undertakings.There is harmony and stability in our society.What is more important, we follow a scientific approach to development which puts people first and seeks comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.We are committed to reform, opening-up and win-win progress.We have found the right development path in line with China's national conditions and the trend of our times.Our people are hard-working, persevering and resilient.It is precisely these fine qualities that endow China, a country with a time-honored history, with greater vitality in the face of adversities.同時，中國經濟發展的外部環境沒有根本改變，求和平、謀發展、促合作是當今世界發展不可阻擋的潮流，國際分工格局調整中蘊藏著新的機遇。我們完全有信心、有條件、有能力繼續保持經濟平穩較快發展，繼續為世界經濟發展做出積極貢獻。

At the same time, there is no fundamental change in the external environment for China's economic growth.The pursuit of peace, development and cooperation is the irreversible trend in today's world.The readjustment to the international division of labor offers new opportunities.We have the confidence, conditions and ability to maintain steady and fast economic growth and continue to contribute to world economic growth.女士們，先生們：

Ladies and Gentlemen, 國際金融危機是一場全球性的挑戰，戰勝這場危機要靠信心、合作和責任。堅定信心是戰勝危機的力量源泉。信念的力量，遠比想象的更為強大。國際社會和各國的當務之急，是繼續采取一切必要的措施，盡快恢復市場信心。在經濟困難面前，各國對世界經濟發展的前景有信心，國家領導人和各國人民對自己的國家有信心，企業對投資有信心，個人對消費有信心，比什么都重要。務實合作是戰勝危機的有效途徑。在經濟全球化條件下，大家的命運已緊緊聯系在一起，誰也離不開誰。金融危機檢驗著國際社會加強合作的誠意和水平，考驗著我們的智慧。只有加強合作，攜手努力，同舟共濟，才能有效應對危機。承擔責任是戰勝危機不可或缺的重要基礎。各國政府堅定、勇敢、負責地承擔起責任，對于穩定金融秩序、防止危機對實體經濟影響加深，十分重要。政治家要有遠見卓識，既要對自己的國家和人民負責，也要對國際社會負責。當前，應當抓緊落實20國集團領導人金融市場和世界經濟峰會以來達成的廣泛共識，不僅要采取更加積極有效的措施渡過當前難關，而且要努力推動建立公正、合理、健康、穩定的世界經濟新秩序。為此，我提出以下意見。

The global financial crisis is a challenge for the whole world.Confidence, cooperation and responsibility are key to overcoming the crisis.Confidence is the source of strength.The power of confidence is far greater than what can be imagined.The pressing task for the international community and individual countries is to take further measures to restore market confidence as soon as possible.In times of economic hardships, confidence of all countries in the prospect of global economic development, confidence of leaders and people around the world in their countries, confidence of enterprises in investment and confidence of individuals in consumption are more important than anything else.In tackling the crisis, practical cooperation is the effective way.In a world of economic globalization, countries are tied together in their destinies and can hardly be separated from one another.The financial crisis is a test of the readiness of the international community to enhance cooperation, and a test of our wisdom.Only with closer cooperation and mutual help, can we successfully manage the crisis.To prevail over the crisis, accepting responsibilities is the prerequisite.When governments fulfill their responsibilities with resolution and courage, they can help maintain a stable financial order and prevent the crisis from causing more serious damage on the real economy.Political leaders must be forward-looking.They should be responsible to the entire international community as well as to their own countries and people.It is imperative that we implement the broad agreement reached since the G20 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy.We should not only take more forceful and effective steps to tide over the current difficulties, but also push for the establishment of a new world economic order that is just, equitable, sound and stable.To this end, I would like to share with you the following ideas.一是深化國際經貿合作，推進多邊貿易體制健康發展。歷史經驗告訴我們，越是危機關頭越要堅持開放與合作。貿易保護主義不僅會加大危機的嚴重程度，還會使危機持續更長時間，是損人不利己的行為。要積極推進貿易投資自由化便利化。中國堅定地支持推動多哈回合談判早日達成平衡的結果，建立公平、開放的多邊貿易體制。作為多邊貿易體制的重要補充，積極推進區域經濟一體化進程。

First, deepen international economic cooperation and promote a sound multilateral trading regime.Past experience shows that in crisis it is all the more important to stick to a policy of opening-up and cooperation.Trade protectionism serves no purpose as it will only worsen and prolong the crisis.It is therefore necessary to move forward trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.China firmly supports efforts to reach balanced results of the Doha Round negotiations at an early date and the establishment of a fair and open multilateral trading regime.As an important supplement to such a trading regime, regional economic integration should be vigorously promoted.二是推動國際金融體系改革，加快建立國際金融新秩序。這場危機充分暴露了現有國際金融體系和治理結構的缺陷。要加快主要國際金融組織治理結構改革，建立合理的全球金融救助機制，增強履行職責的能力。增加發展中國家在國際金融組織中的發言權和代表性，積極發揮其在維護國際和地區金融穩定等方面的作用。鼓勵區域貨幣金融合作，充分發揮地區資金救助機制作用。穩步推進國際貨幣體系多元化。

Second, advance the reform of the international financial system and accelerate the establishment of a new international financial order.The current crisis has fully exposed the deficiencies in the existing international financial system and its governance structure.It is important to speed up reform of the governance structures of major international financial institutions, establish a sound global financial rescue mechanism, and enhance capacity in fulfilling responsibilities.Developing countries should have greater say and representation in international financial institutions and their role in maintaining international and regional financial stability should be brought into full play.We should encourage regional monetary and financial cooperation, make good use of regional liquidity assistance mechanisms, and steadily move the international monetary system toward greater diversification.三是加強國際金融監管合作，防范金融風險積聚和擴散。各國金融當局應加強信息交流與溝通，加大對全球資本流動的監測力度，防范金融風險跨境傳遞。擴大國際金融體系監管的覆蓋面，特別要增強對主要儲備貨幣國家的監督，建立及時高效的危機早期預警系統。制定合理有效的金融監管標準，完善會計準則、資本充足要求等各類監督制度。加強對金融機構和中介組織的監管，增強金融市場和各類金融產品透明度。

Third, strengthen international cooperation in financial supervision and regulation and guard against the build-up and spread of financial risks.Financial authorities around the world should step up information sharing and the monitoring of global capital flows to avoid the cross-border transmission of financial risks.We should expand the regulation coverage of the international financial system, with particular emphasis on strengthening the supervision on major reserve currency countries.We should put in place a timely and efficient early warning system against crisis.We should introduce reasonable and effective financial regulatory standards and improve oversight mechanisms in such areas as accounting standards and capital adequacy requirements.We should tighten regulation of financial institutions and intermediaries and enhance transparency of financial markets and products.四是切實保護發展中國家利益，促進世界經濟共同發展。國際社會特別是發達國家要承擔應盡的責任和義務，盡量減少國際金融危機對發展中國家造成的損害，幫助發展中國家保持金融穩定和經濟增長。國際金融組織應該通過放寬貸款條件等措施，及時救助有需要的發展中國家。積極推進國際減貧進程，特別要加大對最不發達國家和地區的援助力度，增強他們的自我發展能力。

Fourth, effectively protect the interests of developing countries and promote economic development of the whole world.The international community, developed countries in particular, should assume due responsibilities and obligations to minimize the damage caused by the international financial crisis on developing countries and help them maintain financial stability and economic growth.International financial institutions should act promptly to assist those developing countries in need through such measures as relaxing lending conditions.We should advance the international poverty reduction process and scale up assistance to the least developed countries and regions in particular with a view to building up their capacity for independent development.五是協同應對全球性問題挑戰，建設人類共有的美好家園。面對氣候變暖、環境惡化、疫病和自然災害、能源資源和糧食安全、恐怖主義蔓延等關系人類生存和發展的問題，任何國家都無法置身事外，也難以單獨應對，國際社會必須加強合作，共同應對這些挑戰。

Fifth, jointly tackle global challenges and build a better home for mankind.Issues such as climate change, environmental degradation, diseases, natural disasters, energy, resources and food security as well as the spread of terrorism bear on the very survival and development of mankind.No country can be insulated from these challenges or meet them on its own.The international community should intensify cooperation and respond to these challenges together.這里，我再次重申，中國將始終不渝地謀求和平的發展、開放的發展、合作的發展。中國愿意繼續與國際社會一道，積極維護國際金融穩定、促進世界經濟發展，積極應對各種全球性風險和挑戰，為實現世界的和諧與可持續發展貢獻自己的力量！

I want to reaffirm here China's abiding commitment to peaceful, open and cooperative development.China is ready to work with other members of the international community to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth, tackle various global risks and challenges, and contribute its share to world harmony and sustainable development.女士們，先生們！嚴冬終將過去，春天就要來臨。讓我們堅定信心，加強合作，共同推動世界經濟新一輪增長！

Ladies and Gentlemen, the harsh winter will be gone and spring is around the corner.Let us strengthen confidence and work closely together to bring about a new round of world economic growth.謝謝大家！

Thank you.用發展的眼光看中國

See China in the Light of Her Development

━━在劍橋大學的演講

Speech at the University of Cambridge

中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶 2009年2月2日

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of

China, 2 February 2009

尊敬的理查德校長，女士們，先生們：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen, 來到向往已久的劍橋大學，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步作出了重要貢獻。今年是劍橋建校800周年，我謹致以熱烈祝賀！

It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.這是我第四次訪問英國。中英相距遙遠，但兩國人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經貿、文教、科技等領域的有效合作，為發展中英全面戰略伙伴關系奠定了堅實基礎。在此，我向長期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演講的題目是：用發展的眼光看中國。

The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.我深深愛著的祖國——古老而又年輕。

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.說她古老，她是一個有著數千年文明史的東方大國。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創造了燦爛的古代文明，對人類發展作出過重大貢獻。

She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.說她年輕，新中國成立才60年，改革開放才30年。中國人民經過長期不懈的斗爭建立了新中國，又經過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國情的發展道路——中國特色社會主義道路，文明古國煥發了青春活力。

She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中國改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長遠意義的是體制創新。我們推進經濟體制改革，建立了社會主義市場經濟體制。在政府的宏觀調控下，充分發揮市場對資源配置的基礎性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發展民主和完善法制結合起來，實行人民當家作主，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。

The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革開放的實質，就是堅持以人為本，通過解放和發展生產力滿足人們日益增長的物質文化需求，在公正的條件下促進人的全面發展；就是保障人民的民主權利，讓國家政通人和、興旺發達；就是維護人的尊嚴和自由，讓每個人的智慧和力量得以迸發，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.30年來，中國貧困人口減少了2億多，人均壽命提高了5歲，8300萬殘疾人得到政府和社會的特殊關愛，這是中國保障人權的光輝業績。九年免費義務教育的推行，農村合作醫療制度的建立，社會保障體系的完善，使學有所教、病有所醫、老有所養的理想，正在變為現實。Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用兩句唐詩形容中國的現狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風正一帆懸。”中國人正在努力實現現代化，這是一個古而又新的發展中大國進行的一場偉大實踐。掌握了自己命運的中國人民，對未來充滿信心！

I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深愛著的祖國——歷經磨難而又自強不息。

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.我年輕時曾長期工作在中國的西北地區。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗風沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅韌不拔精神的象征。

Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年來，中華民族一次次戰勝了天災人禍，渡過了急流險灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個真理：一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。

Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.此時此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災區的親身經歷。去年5月，四川汶川發生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重?？墒牵瑫r隔10天，當我第二次來到這里時，鄉親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當時我在黑板上，給同學們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個字。地震發生以來，我7次到汶川災區，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經憂患而愈益堅強、生生不息的力量源泉。

I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.經過半個多世紀的艱苦奮斗，中國有了比較大的發展，經濟總量躍居世界前列，但我們仍然是一個發展中國家，同發達國家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發展不平衡，這種基本國情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，僅為英國的1/16左右。到過中國旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現代的，而我們的農村還比較落后。

With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世紀中葉，中國要基本實現現代化，面臨三大歷史任務：既要努力實現歐洲早已完成的工業化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經濟發展水平，又要實現社會公平正義；既要實現國內的可持續發展，又要承擔相應的國際責任。中國要趕上發達國家水平，還有很長很長的路要走，還會遇到許多艱難險阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國人民前進的步伐，只要我們堅持不懈地努力奮斗，中國現代化的目標就一定能夠實現。

To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.我深深愛著的祖國——珍視傳統而又開放兼容。

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中華傳統文化底蘊深厚、博大精深?！昂汀痹谥袊糯鷼v史上被奉為最高價值，是中華文化的精髓。中國古老的經典——《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協和萬邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國家友好往來。

The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和為貴”的文化傳統，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運行一樣，彰顯正義。

The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世紀，中國著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個國家。他帶去了中國的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。

In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.國強必霸，不適合中國。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統，也違背中國人民意志。中國的發展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國要做和平的大國、學習的大國、合作的大國，致力于建設一個和諧的世界。

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同國家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學習。今天的中國，有3億人在學英語，有100多萬青年人在國外留學。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術。正因為我們善于在交流中學習，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國的繁榮和進步。

Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.進入21世紀，經濟全球化、信息網絡化，已經把世界連成一體，文化的發展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個國家、一個民族對人類文化貢獻的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國將永遠堅持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統，又博采眾長，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實現經濟繁榮和社會進步。

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.女士們，先生們！Ladies and Gentlemen, 我之所以強調用發展的眼光看中國，就是因為世界在變，中國也在變。如今的中國，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國，也不是30年前貧窮僵化的中國。經過改革開放，中國的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運會向世界展示的，就是這樣一個古老、多彩和現代的中國。我希望朋友們，多到中國走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國人究竟在想什么、做什么、關心什么。這樣，有助于你們認識一個真實的、不斷發展變化著的中國，也有助于你們了解中國是如何應對當前這場全球性金融危機的。

I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國和包括英國在內的歐洲都受到嚴重沖擊?，F在危機尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴重后果還難以預料。合作應對、共渡難關，是我們的首要任務。

This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我認為，應對全球性危機，需要增進合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標本兼治，不能頭疼醫頭、腳疼醫腳。我在達沃斯會議上已重申，應該對國際貨幣金融體系進行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序，努力營造有利于全球經濟發展的制度環境。

I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.這里我想談一談中國是如何應對這場金融危機的。

Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危機對中國實體經濟的影響日益顯現。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經濟增速放緩，就業壓力加大。中國經濟面臨著嚴峻的局面。面對危機，我們果斷決策，及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定了一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。主要包括以下幾個方面：

The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are: 一是大規模增加政府支出擴大內需。中國政府推出了以財政支出帶動社會投資，總額達4萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于2007年中國ＧＤＰ的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保建設和地震災后恢復重建。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約5000億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動性，出臺了一系列金融措施。

First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范圍實施產業調整振興計劃。我們全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等十個重點產業的調整和振興規劃。我們采取經濟和技術的措施，大力推進節能減排，推進企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵和支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，開發適銷對路產品。

Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推進科技進步和創新?？萍际强朔鹑谖C的根本力量。每一場大的危機常常伴隨一場新的科技革命；每一次經濟的復蘇，都離不開技術創新。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發利用、高檔數控機床等16個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，培育新的經濟增長點。我們就是要依靠科學技術的重大突破，創造新的社會需求，催生新一輪的經濟繁榮。

Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社會保障水平。繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平。積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，重點解決高校畢業生和農民工就業問題。開辟就業崗位，緩解就業壓力。我們采取這些措施，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、加強科技支撐、強化社會保障結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生、增加就業結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來。這樣做，有利于中國的發展，也將給包括英國在內的世界各國企業帶來巨大的商機。Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.這場百年一遇的金融危機，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對現行的經濟體制和經濟理論，應該進行深刻的反思。

This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.中國曾長期實行高度集中的計劃經濟，把計劃看成是絕對的，束縛了生產力的發展。這場金融危機使我們看到，市場也不是萬能的，一味放任自由，勢必引起經濟秩序的混亂和社會分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場化改革，決不會把市場機制與國家宏觀調控對立起來。既要發揮市場這只看不見的手的作用，又要發揮政府和社會監管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時發揮作用，才能實現按照市場規律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協調、平衡、可持續。

For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.國際金融危機再次告訴人們，不受監管的市場經濟是多么可怕。從上世紀90年代以來，一些經濟體疏于監管，一些金融機構受利益驅動，利用數十倍的金融杠桿進行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤的同時，把巨大的風險留給整個世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場經濟是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創新與金融監管的關系、虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系、儲蓄與消費的關系。

The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效應對這場危機，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽光還要燦爛。真正的經濟學理論，決不會同最高的倫理道德準則產生沖突。經濟學說應該代表公正和誠信，平等地促進所有人，包括最弱勢人群的福祉。被譽為現代經濟學之父的亞當·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個社會的經濟發展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風險的，因為它注定要威脅社會穩定。”道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應該倡導：企業要承擔社會責任，企業家身上要流淌著道德的血液。

To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.女士們，先生們！Ladies and Gentlemen, 英國是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經站在一個新的歷史起點上。我對中歐發展全面戰略伙伴關系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎堅實，前景光明。英國是最早進入現代化的國家，你們在發展經濟、保護環境等方面，都有許多成功的經驗。我們愿意向你們學習，加強交流與合作。

Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未來屬于青年一代。中英關系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對中英文化交流作出重要貢獻的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國科學技術史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統、勇于創新，是劍橋大學的優秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關注中國，用發展的眼光看中國，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國青年相互學習，攜手共進，一定會譜寫出中英關系的嶄新篇章。

The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.謝謝大家！Thank you!溫家寶在第63屆聯大一般性辯論上發言

Mr President, 主席先生：

For China, this has been a special year.We experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which causes grave losses of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.Thisgrand sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.今年，對于中國來說，是不平凡的一年。我們經歷了兩件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震災害造成了巨大的生命財產損失。中國人民在災難面前表現了堅強、勇敢、團結和不屈不撓的精神。目前，受災群眾得到了妥善安置，恢復重建工作正在有條不紊地展開。第二件事是北京奧運會成功舉辦。這一體育盛會不僅為來自世界各地的運動員展示風采創造了良好的條件，而且讓世界更多地了解中國，讓中國更多地了解世界。在抗震救災和舉辦奧運會的過程中，我們得到了國際社會的廣泛理解、支持和幫助。在此，我代表中國政府和人民表示誠摯的感謝。

Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere toan independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.世界都在關注北京奧運會后中國政治經濟走向。我可以明確地告訴大家，中國將繼續堅定不移地走和平發展道路，繼續堅持改革開放不動搖，繼續貫徹獨立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應世界潮流。

The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western hina, are under developed.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved.To achieve China's modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and challenges, dedicated ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.這次北京奧運會是在中國這樣一個最大的發展中國家舉行的。國際社會對中國政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評價。奧運會的成功舉辦，使中國人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強了實現現代化的信心和力量。同時，我們清醒地看到，中國有13億人口，雖然經濟總量已經位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后，城鄉發展和區域發展很不平衡，農村特別是西部地區農村還很落后，還有數以千萬計的人口沒有解決溫飽。中國仍然是一個發展中國家，生產力不發達的狀況沒有根本改變，進一步發展還受到資源、能源、環境等瓶頸的制約。中國的社會主義市場經濟體制還不完善，民主法制還不健全，一些社會問題還比較突出。中國實現現代化的任務還很繁重，道路還很漫長。擺在我們面前的機遇和挑戰都是空前的。抓住機遇，迎接挑戰，聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展，這就是中國政府和中國人民的理念和行動。

People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up policy, a policy that fundamentally changed the closed, backward and ossified situation which had existed in China for years.It is a policy that freed people's mind and aroused their initiative, liberated the productive forces, generated great economic and social progress, and instilled vigor and vitality into the country.Without this policy, there would not have been such changes in China in the last 30 years.To achieve the goal of modernization and build a strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious country, we will stick to the reform and opening-up policy.It is a choice of vital importance to the development of China today.It is also a strategy that will shape China's future.We are firm in carrying this policy forward.The Chinese nation has all along cherished the fine tradition and benefited from the wisdom of being open to new ideas and drawing on the strengths of others.The Chinese people economic and political restructuring and reform in other fields can lead to sustained economic growth and social progress, and only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.中國發展靠什么？靠改革開放。今年是中國改革開放30周年。改革開放從根本上改變了中國長期封閉落后和沉悶僵化的狀況，打破了束縛人們的思想桎梏，調動了億萬人民群眾的積極性，大大解放了生產力，有力地推動了經濟社會的大發展，給中國大地帶來了蓬勃生機和活力。中國30年的變化，得益于改革開放。中國要實現富強民主文明和諧的現代化目標，仍然要靠改革開放。改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關鍵抉擇，也是決定中國未來前途的戰略方向。中國堅持改革開放的政策是堅定不移的。中華民族自古以來就有崇尚革新、兼收并蓄、博采眾長的優秀傳統和智慧。今天，中國人更從30年改革開放的切身經驗中體會到，只有不斷而深入地推進經濟體制、政治體制等各項改革，才是經濟發展和社會進步的永恒動力；只有全面而持久地擴大對外開放，才是國家富強和民族繁榮的正確道路。這不但是實踐探索的結論，也是歷史經驗的總結。Mr.President, 主席先生： The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its development goals.The Chinese Government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind.世界需要和平，和平才能發展。中國要實現自己的發展目標，渴望有一個和平的國際環境。中國政府堅定不移地奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各國加強合作，共同促進人類和平與發展的崇高事業。

Respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is the prerequisite for sound state-to-state relations.The Chinese people have learned from their modern history of humiliation that when a country loses sovereignty, its people lose dignity and status.China is firming in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference.Following the principle of treating each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.尊重主權和互不干涉內政是國與國之間發展關系的前提。近代屈辱的歷史使中國人民懂得，一個國家喪失主權，人民就沒有尊嚴和地位。中國堅決捍衛來之不易的國家主權和領土完整，決不允許任何外來干涉。同時，中國堅持平等相待，尊重別國的主權和領土完整，尊重各國人民自主選擇的社會制度和發展道路。

China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or political system.In handling international affairs, we make our own judgment on the merit of each case and take our position in light of our national interests and the well being of theworld's people.We will neither blindly follow the position of others nor give way to the pressure of any forces.In international relations, China does not seek to build alliance or become a leader and will never do so in the future.中國愿意在平等互利基礎上，同所有國家發展友好關系，不以意識形態和社會制度定親疏。在國際事務中，我們依照事情本身的是非曲直獨立作出判斷，根據國家利益和世界人民的福祉決定自己的立場，不盲從，不屈服于任何勢力。在國際關系中，中國不結盟，更不當頭，而且永遠不結盟、不當頭。

Peaceful settlement of international disputes is a founding purpose of the United Nations and a basic principle of international law.China is committed to addressing issues left over from history and current differences with other countries through dialogue and negotiation.As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China will continue to play an active and constructive role in promoting peaceful settlement of international hotspot issues and regional conflicts.和平解決國際爭端是聯合國的宗旨，也是國際法的基本原則。中國堅持以對話和協商的方式處理與其它國家的歷史遺留問題和現實分歧。同時，作為聯合國安理會常任理事國，中國將一如既往地為推動和平解決國際熱點問題和地區沖突發揮積極的建設性作用。

China's development is peaceful in nature.It will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone.China does not seek hegemony now, nor will it do so in the future.China keeps and develops an appropriate level of military capability solely for the purpose of safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.The confidence and pride of the Chinese nation today are based on China's economic development, social justice, civility of the people and moral trength.China will, through its own development, contribute to peace and development of the world.中國的發展是和平的發展，不會損害任何人，也不會威脅任何人。中國現在不稱霸，將來也絕不稱霸。中國保持和發展適當的軍事力量，完全是為了維護國家主權和領土完整。當代中華民族的自信和榮光是建立在經濟發展、社會公正、國民素質和道德力量的基礎之上的。中國將以自身的發展促進世界的和平與發展。Mr.President, 主席先生：

In the long history of mankind, the destinies of countries have never been soclosely linked as they are today.Given the global nature of issues threatening the survival and development of mankind such as climate warming, environmental degradation, resources constraints, frequent outbreaks of diseases and natural disasters and the spread of terrorism, and in the face of the intertwining challenges of finance, energy and food, no country can expect to stay away fromthe difficulties or handle the problems all by itself.The ongoing financial volatility, in particular, has affected many countries and its impact is likely to become more serious.To tackle the challenge, we must all make concerted efforts.So long as people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an openmind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter and better future.China, as a responsible major developing country, is ready to work with other members of the international community to strengthen cooperation, share opportunities, meet challenges and contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the world.在人類漫長的發展史上，世界各國的命運從未像今天這樣緊密相連，休戚與共。面對氣候變暖、環境惡化、資源緊缺、疫病和自然災害頻發、恐怖主義蔓延等一系列威脅人類生存和發展的全球性問題，面對當前金融、能源、糧食三大難題交織爆發的嚴峻局面，任何一個國家都無法置身其外，也難以單獨應對。特別是當前國際金融動蕩，已經波及許多國家，影響還會加劇，各國應當通力合作，迎接挑戰。全世界的人們，包括各國的領導者，只要消除敵視、隔閡和偏見，以包容開放的胸懷坦誠相待，攜手前行，人類一定會戰勝各種困難，也一定會擁有一個更加光明美好的未來。中國作為一個負責的發展中大國，愿與國際社會一道，加強合作，共同分享機遇，應對挑戰，為推動實現世界的和諧與可持續發展貢獻力量。Thank you.謝謝大家！

第二篇：溫家寶講話

溫家寶：關于發展社會事業和改善民生的幾個問題

2010年04月01日09:10 來源：《求是》

八、大力推進社會事業領域的改革

改革開放以來，與經濟體制改革相適應，我國社會事業領域的改革也一直在向前推進，并取得了重要進展。其標志就是打破了過去完全由國家經辦的體制，調動了社會積極性。但是總的看，我國社會事業領域的改革開放仍然相對滯后。比較突出的問題是，政府責任不到位和包攬過多同時并存，該管的沒有管到位，該放的沒有真正放下去，發揮市場機制、社會資本和民間組織的作用不夠，調動各方面積極性的體制機制不健全，社會事業發展的活力不足。這種情況制約了社會事業發展，也制約經濟發展。當前公共產品供給不足，公共服務的資源配置不合理、不公平，與社會事業發展滯后有關，也與社會事業領域改革滯后有關。我們必須著眼于促進經濟社會協調發展、促進社會公平正義、促進社會和諧穩定的大局，充分認識加快社會事業領域改革的重要性和緊迫性，大力推進社會事業領域的改革，為社會事業加快發展增添新的動力。

從我國社會事業領域改革的歷程和經驗看，推進社會事業改革開放，必須處理好政府和市場的關系，公平和效率的關系，盡力而為和量力而行的關系。在工作上，要從以下幾個方面入手。

第一，把維護社會事業的公益性、保障人民群眾基本公共服務需求作為政府的主要職責。社會事業涉及人民群眾基本需求和普遍公共利益，公益性是其基本特征。社會事業的公益性一旦受到損害，人民群眾的基本需求和權益就得不到保障，社會就會失去起碼的公平和正義。在社會主義市場經濟條件下，政府的主要職責就是保障人民群眾的基本需求、保障公共利益。目前我們在這方面做得還不到位。為此，要進一步轉變政府職能，加強公共服務職能，加快健全覆蓋全民的基本公共服務體系，推進基本公共服務均等化。在社會事業特別是涉及基本民生方面，包括就業、社保、教育、文化、醫藥衛生等，都要建立健全保障人民基本需求的制度，這是政府義不容辭的責任。

要強調一點，就是?！盎尽毙枨蟮臉藴?，要與經濟社會發展水平和階段相適應，隨著經濟發展、財力增強而逐步提高。既不能滯后也不能超前。滯后了，人民群眾的基本需求得不到有效保障，就會產生不滿情緒，積累社會矛盾；超前了，財政壓力過大或無力支撐，反而不可持續。也就是說，既要盡力而為，又要量力而行。愿望超前和能力滯后永遠是一對矛盾。要加快建立健全公共財政體制，調整財政支出結構，投入更多的資金，支持社會事業與經濟協調發展。

第二，把應該由社會和市場發揮作用的真正交給社會和市場。社會需求總是呈現多層次和多樣性。怎樣確定政府的責任范圍、劃分政府與市場的界限，這是社會事業領域改革必須明確的一個問題。當前各方面反映公共服務領域政府包攬多，社會資本進入難。政府把責任和保障面定得過寬，不僅會降低?！盎尽钡哪芰退剑€會影響社會各方面參與發展社會事業的積極性和活力。各項社會事業都應當區分“基本”和“非基本”?！胺腔尽钡纳鐣聵I交給社會和市場，通過發展相關產業，滿足多層次、個性化的需求，政府要履行監管責任。現在看，政府辦了許多應當交給市場和社會辦的事。使用公共資源辦高檔服務，滿足少數人的需求，會加劇分配不公和社會不滿。少數人的需求也需要滿足，但應當交給社會和市場。這次新醫改的最大特點，就是區分“基本”和“非基本”，政府主要?！盎尽保ɑ颈Ｕ?、基本醫療、基本公共衛生和基本藥物，強調人人有基本保障，人人享有基本醫藥衛生服務。高檔的、選擇性的、個性化的醫藥衛生服務要逐步交給社會辦，由市場調節。教育、科技、文化、體育等社會事業都要這樣做。對此，思想要解放一點，膽子要大一點，步子要快一點。在社會事業所有領域，都要進一步放寬準入，調動全社會參與的積極性。這樣不僅可以為社會資本開辟更大的投資空間，利用社會資本加快社會事業發展，同時也有利于政府集中力量辦好該辦的事情。

第三，由政府保障的基本公共服務，也要深化改革、提高績效。在服務提供上，應該更多地利用社會資源，建立購買服務的機制。要逐步做到凡適合面向市場購買的基本公共服務，都采取購買服務的方式；不適合或不具備條件購買服務的，再由政府直接提供。要鼓勵社會資本投資建立非營利性公益服務機構。各類社會機構和企業愿意參與基本公共服務的，只要具備資質、符合條件，就應當鼓勵進入。政府擇優為人民群眾購買服務，基本公共服務領域就會逐步形成有序競爭和多元化參與的局面。這樣就能有效動員和綜合利用社會資源來加強和改善基本公共服務，提高服務質量和效率。

事業單位改革也是下階段必須努力抓好的一項重要工作。事業單位改革與社會事業發展密切相關，也是公共管理和服務體制改革的重要方面。這項改革已經進行了多年，取得了很大進展。但隨著形勢發展，一些事業單位的職能和屬性已經發生變化，即使仍然從事公益服務的事業單位，管理體制和運行機制不適應新形勢的問題也越來越突出。中央準備近期下發一個文件，進一步推動這項改革。主要是按照政事分開、事企分開和管辦分離原則，積極穩妥地對現有事業單位分類進行改革。將主要承擔行政職能的，逐步轉為行政機構或將其行政職能劃歸行政機構；將主要從事生產經營活動的，逐步改制為企業；對面向社會提供公益服務的，要強化公益屬性，繼續保留，但要改革管理體制、運行機制，探索建立法人治理結構，改革人事制度、收入分配制度、社會保險制度，完善財政支持政策。今后不再設立承擔行政職能和主要從事生產經營活動的事業單位。事業單位改革涉及面廣、情況復雜，一定要在做好整體規劃的基礎上，積極穩妥地推進，確保改革中公共服務得到改善，社會事業得到加強，社會保持基本穩定。

（本文系溫家寶同志2010年2月4日在省部級主要領導干部專題研討班上的講話，發表時作了個別修改。）

第三篇：溫家寶講話

溫家寶主持國務院常務會議研究促進中小企業發展

研究確定支持小型和微型企業發展的金融財稅政策措施

中國網絡電視臺消息：國務院總理溫家寶12日主持召開國務院常務會議，研究確定支持小型和微型企業發展的金融、財稅政策措施。

會議指出，小型和微型企業在促進經濟增長、增加就業、科技創新與社會和諧穩定等方面具有不可替代的作用。當前一些小型微型企業經營困難，融資難和稅費負擔偏重等問題突出，必須引起高度重視。要加強金融服務和財稅扶持，主要加大對符合國家產業和環保政策、能夠吸納就業的科技、服務和加工業等實體經濟的支持力度，引導和幫助小型微型企業穩健經營、增強盈利能力和發展后勁。

會議研究確定了金融支持小型微型企業發展的政策措施：

（一）加大對小型微型企業的信貸支持。銀行業金融機構對小型微型企業貸款的增速不低于全部貸款平均增速，增量高于上年同期水平，對達到要求的小金融機構繼續執行較低存款準備金率。商業銀行重點加大對單戶授信500萬元以下小型微型企業的信貸支持。加強貸款監管和最終用戶監測，確保用于小型微型企業正常的生產經營。

（二）清理糾正金融服務不合理收費，切實降低企業融資的實際成本。除銀團貸款外，禁止商業銀行對小型微型企業貸款收取承諾費、資金管理費。嚴格限制商業銀行向小型微型企業收取財務顧問費、咨詢費等費用。

（三）拓寬小型微型企業融資渠道。逐步擴大小型微型企業集合票據、集合債券、短期融資券發行規模，積極穩妥發展私募股權投資和創業投資等融資工具。進一步推動交易所市場和場外市場建設，改善小型微型企業股權質押融資環境。積極發展小型微型企業貸款保證保險和信用保險。

（四）細化對小型微型企業金融服務的差異化監管政策。對小型微型企業貸款余額和客戶數量超過一定比例的商業銀行放寬機構準入限制，允許其批量籌建同城支行和專營機構網點。對商業銀行發行金融債所對應的單戶500萬元以下的小型微型企業貸款，在計算存貸比時可不納入考核范圍。允許商業銀行將單戶授信500萬元以下的小型微型企業貸款視同零售貸款計算風險權重，降低資本占用。適當提高對小型微型企業貸款不良率的容忍度。

（五）促進小金融機構改革與發展。強化小金融機構重點服務小型微型企業、社區、居民和“三農”的市場定位。在審慎監管的基礎上促進農村新型金融機構組建工作，引導小金融機構增加服務網點，向轄內縣域和鄉鎮地區延伸機構。

（六）在規范管理、防范風險的基礎上促進民間借貸健康發展。有效遏制民間借貸高利貸化傾向，依法打擊非法集資、金融傳銷等違法活動。嚴格監管，禁止金融從業人員參與民間借貸。對小型微型企業的金融支持，要按照市場原則進行，減少行政干預，防范信用風險和道德風險。

會議研究確定了財稅支持小型微型企業發展的政策措施：

（一）加大對小型微型企業稅收扶持力度。提高小型微型企業增值稅和營業稅起征點。將小型微利企業減半征收企業所得稅政策，延長至2015年底并擴大范圍。將符合條件的國家中小企業公共技術服務示范平臺納入科技開發用品進口稅收優惠政策范圍。

（二）支持金融機構加強對小型微型企業的金融服務。對金融機構向小型微型企業貸款合同三年內免征印花稅。將金融企業中小企業貸款損失準備金稅前扣除政策延長至2013年底。將符合條件的農村金融機構金融保險收入減按3%征收營業稅的政策，延長至2015年底。

（三）擴大中小企業專項資金規模，更多運用間接方式扶持小型微型企業。進一步清理取消和減免部分涉企收費。

會議要求各地區、各有關部門把支持小型微型企業健康發展作為重要任務，認真制定有關政策措施，切實抓好落實。

第四篇：溫家寶總理講話賞析

講話稿，是個性鮮明、極具特色的應用文體式。講話者在特定環境，面對特定的受眾，以口頭語言演說或答辯，表述個人及其所代表的集體對某些問題的觀點?！按鹩浾邌枴笔且环N問答形式的講話。為了達到讓人信服的目的，講話前要做縝密的研究，撰寫講話稿，形成文本。講話后，再對記錄及講話稿予以修改、潤色、公開發表，即是應用文章。

近讀

溫家寶總理幾次面對中外記者的講話，觀點鮮明，事實具體，理正情濃，意趣雋永，平易質樸，睿智幽默，引詩據典，文采斐然，讀后印象深刻，頗受教益。

事實具體　證理服人

講話最忌抽象空洞、言之無物。講話者照本宣科，索然無味；聽者精神渙散，昏昏欲睡。只有用經過篩選的、有針對性的古今中外的事實，來表現意旨，才有說服力，才能生動感人，才能活躍會場氣氛，吸引人們的注意力，加深印象，強化效果。溫家寶于２００３年１１月２３日在中南海紫光閣接受美國《華盛頓郵報》總編唐尼采訪時，為說明中美兩國人民友誼與合作歷史久遠，舉了兩個事例：“１９世紀６０年代，中國數以萬計的華工參加了美國橫貫東西部大鐵路的修建工作。他們不顧嚴寒、饑餓和待遇菲薄的惡劣條件，當別的建筑隊伍都撤下來的時候，只有中國這支隊伍堅持到底。最后一根枕木是由４位華工鋪上的。無數人為這個工程獻出了生命。１９９１年伊利諾伊州曾經專門派人到上海用３０００個道釘做了個紀念碑。他們說，中國筑路工人的最大貢獻就是溝通了美國東西部的大通道，并由此推動了美國的統一，這是一個重要的因素。”溫總理先說中國華工在１４０多年前為美國經濟建設和統一所做的貢獻。為了說明友誼與合作是相互的，又舉出美國曾支援中國的一個事例：“上個世紀，１９４２年５月到１９４５年的９月，美國派年輕的飛行員組成‘飛虎隊’，飛越著名的‘駝峰’航線，支持中國的反法西斯戰爭。那是世界上著名的艱難航線，美國幾年間大約損失了５００多架飛機，美中兩國飛行員犧牲了１５００多人。因為山谷里的飛機碎片在陽光下閃閃發光，人們稱之為‘鋁谷’。它記載了中美合作的歷史。”他用準確、具體、生動的，極有針對性的歷史事件，通過唐尼的報道，向美國政府和人民宣傳了中美兩國過去的美好合作歷程，喚起美國領導者與人民對中美兩國源遠流長的互助友誼的珍惜。事實，只有事實才能產生震撼力，才能說明道理。

謙虛坦誠　情系人民

文如其人。一個人的真實感情，在其講話與文章中必然會自然流露。虛偽和矯飾雖然也能遮掩一時，但一經推敲、驗證，就會真相畢露。文章不是無情物，應用文也是如此，以理服人，以情感人，才能達到預期目的，廣為流傳。溫家寶在十屆全國人大一次會議舉行中外記者招待會的講話中，開頭就自報家門，坦誠地敘述了自己的身世：“我是一個很普通的人。我出生在農村的一個教育世家。我的祖父，父親和母親都是教員。我的孩提時代是在戰亂中度過的。戰火燒毀了我的家，包括爺爺親手辦的那座小學。舊中國的苦難在我幼小的心靈留下了不可磨滅的印象?！边@段話明確表示自己沒有顯赫的家族，沒有權勢的背景，沒有復雜的裙帶關系，但卻暗示自己從小就受到良好的教育，艱苦的磨煉，和傳統文化的熏陶。一個普通人，一顆平常心，一下子就拉近了與聽眾的距離，由此媒體才對他冠以“人民總理”、“平民總理”的親切稱號。

謙虛是一種美德。他說：“上屆政府在朱镕基總理的領導下，忠實地履行職責，做了大量富有成效的工作，人民是滿意的。我們現在的全部工作都是在前任的基礎上開始的。前人給我們奠定了很好的基礎，但是擺在我們面前還有許多困難和問題，還要我們進行開創性的工作。我總記著一句古訓：生于憂患，死于安樂。要居安思危，有備無患。”這與時下某些繼任者，下車伊始就全盤否定前任的工作，擺出一副只有他才能挽巨瀾于既倒，救黎民于水火的作秀姿態是迥然不同的。

人民的總理就應該時刻牽掛著海內外的同胞骨肉。２ ０ ０ ３年１ ２月溫家寶在美國會見華僑華人時動情地說：“祖國想念你們，你們肯定也想念祖國，借用泰戈爾的一句詩：‘無論你走得多么遠，你的心總和我連在一起；無論黃昏時樹的影子有多長，它總是和樹根連在一起。’這是華僑、華人、留學生和祖國的關系?！彼€說：“你的眼睛里為什么總是飽含著淚水?芽因為我對這片土地愛得深沉?！边@句詩傾訴了他的拳拳深情，旅美北京同鄉會會長說：“溫總理貼近老百姓，講貼心話，我們聽了非常高興?！?/p>

“為人民服務”不是一句空泛的口號，不是只寫在墻上的標語，而應該落在實處。了解人民的歡樂與憂愁，洞察百姓的艱難與困苦，才能解民之憂，助民為樂?！肮芋细枳碛駱恰保吒咴谏?，酒綠燈紅，再高吼幾聲“為人民服務”也是騙人的假話。溫家寶在談到中國改革開放以來取得喜人成績的同時說：“比如中國的勞動力有７億４千萬，而歐美所有發達國家的勞動力只有４億３千萬。中國每年新增勞

動力１ ０ ０ ０萬；下崗和失業人口大約１ ４ ０ ０萬；進城的農民工一般保持在１億２千萬。中國面臨巨大的就業壓力。中國１ ３億人口有９億農民，目前沒有擺脫貧困的３ ０ ００萬左右，這是按每年人均收入６ ２ ５元的標準計算的。大家知道，這個標準是低水平的，如果標準再增加２ ０ ０元，農村貧困人口就是９ ０ ０ ０萬?！绻艺f

現在的心情，我覺得身上的擔子有千鈞重?！贝撕?，他在美國又補充了１個數字： 中國還有６ ０ ０ ０萬殘疾人需要供養。這些情系人民、為天下之憂而憂的話我們讀后心情也有些沉重。溫家寶以具體的數字，實話實說，客觀全面，對比分析，在肯定成績的前提下，指出了我們面對的巨大困難，讓人們居安思危，知難而進。一組枯燥的數字，流淌出的卻是沉甸甸的親情，傳達出一任政府總理肩負的責任。這正是應用文融情于事，寓情于理的特點。無情未必真豪杰，有情文章撼人心。

堅持原則 綿里藏針

講原則，辯是非，不一定非得拍案而起，咄咄逼人。溫家寶說：“大家普遍認為我是一個溫和的人。但同時，我又是一個有信念、有主見、敢負責的人?！彼麑Υ笫谴蠓菃栴}的態度，旗幟鮮明，但表達則比較委婉，形成了他講話的極具個性的風格。關于臺灣問題，他對《華盛頓郵報》的總編說：“臺灣是中國神圣的領土，是中國不可分割的一部分。中國任何一屆政府都不會放棄和平統一祖國的立場?！薄爸袊嗣癫幌б磺写鷥r，維護祖國的統一。我想你大概熟悉林肯總統的一句話，他在演說中曾經說過，一個‘自相分裂的家庭是站立不住的’，他還說過，美國由各州組成的‘聯邦乃是永久性的’。我們不希望事態發展到這一步，因此我們不放棄和平的努力?！边@段話表明了對臺灣問題的堅定不移的原則立場，尤其是引用美國前總統林肯的話來說明臺灣是中國領土的一部分，絕對不容分割的道理，綿里藏針，請君入甕，不顯山、不露水地表現出千鈞壓頂之勢，這種以子之矛，攻子之盾的以柔克剛的說理方法，讓人頷首稱是。

關于美國對中國某些紡織品的出口設限問題，溫總理舉重若輕，小中見大：“為了價值僅４億至５億美元的紡織品，在未同中國事先商談的情況下，單方面公布這樣的限制措施，應該說十分傷害中國人民的感情。不知道你是不是注意到了國際的反應和專家的反應，這種決策甚至影響到美國市場。我要用中國的一句話，‘不畏浮云遮望眼，只緣身在最高層?！覀儜撚玫翘┥揭挥[眾山小的戰略眼光來看待我們的經貿合作和其他方面的合作關系。……而不要動輒制裁和限制。那樣不僅于事無補，而且會損害兩國的利益。我希望紡織品問題能夠通過雙方協商妥善加以解決。”中國政府總理的寬容、大度，反襯出對方的小氣、狹隘。登高望遠，揮灑自如，在不經意間，表明了鮮明的立場和靈活協商解決的方法，大國風度盡在其中。

博覽群書 揮灑自如

學問，是長期讀書學習不斷實踐積累的結果。日前教育的一大缺憾是文理分家，如同楚河漢界，不少學理工科的學生對祖國的歷史文化知識知之甚少，甚至連一封求職信也寫不通。而一些學文科的人又多偏重理論知識，死讀書，讀死書，缺少寫作實踐，動手能力較弱。而溫家寶總理學的是地質專業，他卻讀了很多古今中外的文史哲書籍。他曾說：“我最大的愛好就是讀書。讀書伴隨著我的整個生活?！彼麖男○B成了讀書的習慣，博覽群書是一種樂趣。另外，由于工作需要，有針對性地讀書，而不是指派秘書抄錄、生吞活剝。唐尼問他：“你一定讀了很多有關美國的書籍，給你留下深刻印象的是什么?芽”他說：“談到讀了美國的書，我可以跟你講一個故事，就是我見韓國總統盧武鉉時，他說他的就職演說引用了林肯１８６１年的一段演說。我回去翻我書架上有關林肯的書，發現在同樣的一段話下，我用鉛筆畫滿了紅線。林肯說，記憶的神秘琴弦，從每一個戰場和每一個愛國者的墳墓，延伸到這些廣闊國土上的每一顆跳動著的心和每一個家庭，它一定會被觸動，它一旦被我們天性中善良的性靈所觸動，必將奏出聯邦的大合唱。我想林肯處理南北戰爭的態度影響了盧武鉉，他希望朝鮮半島南北和解?！睖丶覍氭告傅纴?，既顯示了他對知識的渴求，又表現出他把知識化為自己的智慧，聯系實際，解決現實問題的才能。

２００３年１２月１０日溫家寶在哈佛大學的演講中，面對眾多的學者、學生，講述中西文化，如數家珍：“昨天的中國，是一個古老并創造了燦爛文明的大國。中國擁有五千年的文明史，中華民族的傳統文化博大精深，源遠流長。早在２０００多年前，就產生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學說和以老莊為代表的道家學說，以及其他許多也在中國思想史上有地位的學者流派。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族傳統文化有許多珍貴品，許多人民和民主性的東西。比如，強調仁愛，強調群體，強調和而不同，強調天下為公。這些傳統美德對家庭、國家和社會起到了巨大的維系與調節作用。中國的文明曾引起了西方一批著名學者和啟蒙思想家的極大興趣。笛卡兒、萊布尼茨、孟德斯鳩、伏爾泰、歌德、康德等，都對中國傳統文化有過研究。貴國著名的哲學家、杰出的哈佛人——愛默生先生，也對中國的傳統文化情有獨鐘?！蔽宜圆粎捚錈┑匾鲞@段話，是想說明，他在美國的高等學府，面對文化層次很高的受眾，巧妙地回避用外交辭令直接宣傳我國現行的政策和文明評價，而是以極其濃縮、簡潔的語言，闡述了中國悠久的傳統文化對世界文化發展的積極影響，既有政治性，又有藝術性，獲得了大家的好感和敬佩。

他在美國的招待會上，先即興說了幾句有風趣的話，隨后換了一副眼鏡，笑容可掬地說：“下面開始念我自己寫的一篇東西?穴講稿?雪。”這句看似隨意的話，卻明確告訴大家，講稿是自己寫的，而不是秘書捉刀。他淵博的知識，源自刻苦學習實踐。讀書，豐富了知識，充實了生活，應用于工作，事半功倍，也提高了他的文化品味，展示了一個政治家儒雅博學的風度和人格魅力。

溫家寶總理的講話，還有很多值得借鑒的地方。他的講話或主述、或問答，或長、或短，都構思嚴密、邏輯清晰，說明他在講話前做了充分的準備。他在講話中為了活躍氣氛，時不時說一些幽默的話讓對方放松。他在任職記者招待會上介紹副總理吳儀時，說她“為我們今天的講臺增加了一點鮮艷的色彩”，會場上引發出會心的笑聲。當解答完最后一位記者的講話后，他微笑地對大家說：“實在抱歉，如果大家中午不吃飯的話，我們還可以再交流下去?！睖乜偫淼闹v話，彬彬有禮，妙語連珠，幽默風趣，平易近人。一切應用文字，既是解決實際問題的時文，也應該是文采斐然的美文，這是應用文作者不懈追求的境界。溫家寶的講話堪為范例。

第五篇：2011溫家寶廣交會講話

金融貿易詞匯篇

acceptance policy 核保政策 accounting period 結算期 account payable 應付賬 account receivable 應收賬 aggregate loss 累積損失 allotment of shares 配股 amortize 攤提，分期償還債務 appraiser 房產估價師 asking price 賣主的開交加 attendant risk 附屬性風險 awash with dollars 美元泛濫

balloon（分期付款中）最后數目特大的一筆 blanket bond 總括保證保險 blue-chip share 藍籌股

blue-sky law（為防止欺詐而制定的）證券交易管理法規 boom and bust 繁榮與蕭條 bourse 交易所，證券交易所 captive pools 自保組合 claim-prone 容易出險 claims assistance 理賠協助

closed-end securities investment fund 封閉式證券投資基金 collateralized debts obligation 抵押擔保債券 commodity derivatives 商品衍生品 convertible bond 可轉換債券 credit default swap 信用違約掉期 debt-for-equity swap 債券轉股權 decoupling theory 全球脫鉤理論 default and delinquency rate 違約率 deficit-ridden government 負債累累的政府 deposit premium 預付保費 discount rate 貼現率 dividend 紅利，股息 economic malaise 經濟不景氣

erode shares of market 削減市場份額 exit the crisis 走出危機 Fannie Mae 房利美

financial fall-out 金融問題 fraudulent loans 貸款欺詐 fund custodian bank 基金托管銀行 get off on the beaten track 打破常規 hedge against any risks 對沖風險 jumbo budget 龐大預算

溫家寶第110屆廣交會開幕式的講話（雙語）

中國面向世界的大門將永遠敞開

China Will Keep its Door Open Forever ——溫家寶總理在第110屆中國進出口商品交易會開幕式暨中國加入世界貿易

組織10周年論壇上的講話--Speech by Premier Wen Jiabao at Opening Ceremony of the 110th Session of the China Import and Export Fair and the Forum on the Tenth Anniversary

of China’s Accession to the WTO

2011年10月14日，廣州 October 14, 2011 Guangzhou

各位來賓，各位朋友，女士們，先生們： Distinguished guests, Dear friends, Ladies and Gentlemen, 今天我們歡聚一堂，共同慶祝第110屆中國進出口商品交易會（廣交會）隆重開幕。我對各位嘉賓表示熱烈歡迎，對長期以來為中國外貿事業發展做出貢獻的各界人士表示崇高敬意！

Today we are joyfully gathered here to celebrate the opening of the 110th session of the China Import and Export Fair, known as the Canton Fair.I wish to begin by extending my warmest welcome to all the distinguished guests present, and paying my high tribute to the people from all circles who have made contribution to the development of China’s foreign trade over the years.廣交會是中國政府在1957年創辦的。50多年來，廣交會順應時勢變化，不斷創新辦展理念和辦展方式，不斷優化參展企業和參展商品，始終保持著旺盛的生命力和蓬勃的發展勢頭，成為中國歷史最久、規模最大、聲譽最佳的國際著名展會，成為中國對外貿易發展的縮影。一部廣交會的歷史，就是一部生動的新中國對外開放史。

The first Canton Fair was held in 1957 by the Chinese government.For more than 50 years, the Canton Fair has adapted itself to the changing world by constantly innovating its exhibition concept and modality and improving the quality of participating enterprises and commodities, thus maintaining its vigor and growth momentum.It has become the longest-standing international exhibition in China with the largest participation and the best reputation, as well as the microcosm of the development of China’s foreign trade.The history of the Canton Fair is indeed the history of New China’s openness coming alive.展望未來，隨著中國經濟快速發展和改革開放不斷推進，廣交會面臨更加廣闊的發展前景。我們相信，廣交會一定會辦得更具特色、更上水平、更有成效，為促進我國對外貿易發展做出更大的貢獻。Looking ahead, with China’s rapid economic development and steady deepening of reform and opening-up, the Canton Fair is faced with an even broader prospect of development.We are confident that the Fair will be elevated to higher levels with greater effectiveness and more of its unique styles, thus making a greater contribution to China’s thriving trade with the rest of the world.女士們，先生們： Ladies and Gentlemen, 再過兩個月，我們就將迎來中國加入世貿組織10周年，這是中國對外開放進程中值得紀念的大事。如果說創辦廣交會是中國向世界打開了一扇窗，那么加入世貿組織就是中國向世界開啟了一扇門；如果說創辦廣交會是中國向世界伸出一只手，那么加入世貿組織就是中國擁抱整個世界。

In two months’ time, China will mark the 10th anniversary of its accession to the World Trade Organization, a momentous event in China’s opening to the outside world.If we describe the Canton Fair as a window China opened to the world, then the accession to the WTO can be seen as a door China opened to the world.If we describe the Canton Fair as China extending a hand to the world, then its WTO membership is its full embrace of this world.加入世貿組織10年來，中國的面貌發生了重大變化，中國對外經貿關系發生了重大變化，中國在世界大家庭中的地位和作用也發生了重大變化?；仡欉@10年歷史，我們可以得出三個重要結論：

Over the past ten years since WTO accession, China has undergone stupendous changes, so have its trade relations with the outside world and its standing and role in the world family of nations.Looking back, we may draw three important conclusions.第一，中國是說話算數的國家，兌現了加入世界貿易組織時作出的鄭重承諾。First, China is a country that honors its words and has fulfilled all its solemn commitments upon WTO accession.10年來，我們全面履行諾言，逐步降低進口產品的關稅稅率，取消所有進口配額、許可證等非關稅措施，全面放開對外貿易經營權，大幅降低外資準入門檻。中國關稅總水平由15.3%降至9.8%，遠遠低于發展中國家的平均水平；中國服務貿易開放部門達到100個，接近發達國家的水平。

Over the decade, we have completely fulfilled our commitments by gradually lowering tariffs on imported goods, abolishing all import quotas, licenses and other non-tariff measures, liberalizing access to foreign trade operation, and substantially reducing the threshold for foreign investment.China’s overall tariff rate has gone down from 15.3% to 9.8%, far lower than the average of developing countries.One hundred service trade sectors have been opened, which is the level close to the developed countries.我們在擴大市場開放的同時，還致力于提高對外開放政策的穩定性、透明度和可預見性。10年來，中央政府共清理各種法律法規和部門規章2300多件，地方政府共清理地方性政策和法規19萬多件，使國內涉外經濟法律法規與我國加入世貿組織承諾相一致。

While making our market increasingly accessible, we have strived to ensure the stability, transparency and predictability of our opening policy.In ten years, China’s central government has sorted out more than 2,300 pieces of laws, decrees and departmental regulations, with the local governments sorting out over 190,000 pieces of local policies and regulations, thus making China’s domestic laws and regulations on foreign economic relations consistent with its WTO accession commitments.第二，中國是勇于擔當的國家，積極承擔著與自身發展水平相稱的國際責任。Second, China is a responsible country that has actively shouldered international responsibilities commensurate with the level of its development.10年來，中國堅定支持世貿組織多哈回合談判，積極參與國際宏觀經濟政策協調，參與20國集團等全球經濟治理機制建設，推動國際金融體系改革，以實際行動反對貿易保護主義。在國際金融危機蔓延的時候，我國及時實施強有力的內需刺激政策，組織30多個大型采購團赴海外采購，我國進口和對外投資加快增長，為世界經濟復蘇做出了重要貢獻。中國是最早制定并實施《應對氣候變化國家方案》的發展中國家，也是近年來節能減排力度最大的國家之一。中國認真落實聯合國千年發展目標，是全球唯一提前實現貧困人口減半的國家，并根據自身能力積極開展對外援助。近10年累計對外提供各類援款1700多億元人民幣，免除50個重債窮國近300億元人民幣到期債務，承諾對最不發達國家95%以上的輸華產品實行零關稅，為173個發展中國家和13個地區性國際組織培訓各類人員6萬多名，顯著增強了受援國的自主發展能力。

Over the decade, China has firmly supported the WTO Doha Round negotiations, taken an active part in international macro-economic policy coordination, participated in the development of the G20 and other global economic governance mechanisms, promoted reform of international financial system and taken concrete steps against trade protectionism.At the time of raging international financial crisis, China adopted timely and forceful policies to stimulate domestic demand, sent more than 30 large buying missions abroad, and stepped up import and outbound investment, thus making important contribution to world economic recovery.China was the first developing country to formulate and implement a National Climate Change Program, and has been among the champions in recent years in terms of strong efforts of energy conservation and emission reduction.Earnestly implementing the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)of the United Nations, China is the only country in the world that has reduced its poor population by half ahead of schedule, and has actively offered foreign aid as its ability permits.In ten years, China has altogether provided over 170 billion RMB yuan in foreign assistance and exempted nearly 30 billion RMB yuan of matured debts incurred by 50 heavily indebted poor countries.What is more, China has pledged zero-tariff treatment to over 95% of imports from the least developed countries, and trained over 60,000 personnel from 173 developing countries and 13 regional organizations.All this has significantly built up the capacity of the recipient countries for independent development.第三，中國是致力于共同發展的國家，始終奉行平等互利、合作共贏的對外開放政策。

Third, China is dedicated to common development while always pursuing an opening-up policy based on equality, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.加入世貿組織對中國的積極影響是巨大而深遠的。最顯著的是，極大地促進了我國開放型經濟發展，提升了我國經濟的整體競爭力。10年來，中國貨物貿易額由世界第六位上升到第二位，其中出口躍居第一位；累計吸收外商直接投資7595億美元，居發展中國家首位；對外直接投資年均增長40%以上，2010年當年已達688億美元，居世界第五位。各個產業在激烈的國際競爭中經受了考驗。加入世貿組織給中國人民帶來許多看得見、摸得著的好處，更重要的是開闊了人們的視野，改變了人們的思想觀念，促進了中國體制改革和制度創新，大大增強了中國發展的內在動力。

The accession to the WTO has had huge and far-reaching impacts on China, the most obvious one being that China’s open economy receives a great boost for development and its overall competitiveness improves.During the decade, China rose from the sixth to the second place in the world in terms of volume of trade in goods with export ranking the first.FDI totaled US$759.5 billion, the highest among developing countries.Overseas direct investment reached US$68.8 billion in 2010, the fifth largest in the world, which represented an average annual growth of over 40%.Our various industries have weathered the fierce international competition.The WTO membership has brought the Chinese people many tangible benefits.More importantly, it has widened the horizon of our people, changed their way of thinking and promoted China’s structural reform and institutional innovation, thus enhancing the inherent drive for China’s future development.中國加入世貿組織也為世界各國帶來了實實在在的利益。這10年，中國每年平均進口7500億美元的商品，相當于為貿易伙伴創造1400多萬個就業崗位。在華外商投資企業累計匯出利潤2617億美元，年均增長30%。中國對外投資企業聘用當地員工接近80萬人，每年在當地納稅超過100億美元。中國物美價廉的商品為國外消費者帶來了巨大實惠，由于進口中國商品，美國消費者過去10年共節省開支6000多億美元，歐盟每個家庭每年可以節省開支300歐元。

China’s WTO accession has also brought tangible benefits to many countries around the world.During the decade, China imported US$750 billion worth of goods each year on average and created more than 14 million jobs for its trading partners.Foreign invested enterprises in China remitted a total of US$261.7 billion in profits, representing an average annual growth of 30%.Chinese enterprises operating overseas employed nearly 800,000 people locally and paid over US$10 billion in taxes every year.The quality and affordable Chinese products have benefited consumers from around the world.During the decade, thanks to imported goods from China, American consumers saved more than US$600 billion in spending.Every family in the EU saved up to 300 euros every year by the same token.實踐證明，中國擴大對外開放，惠及13億中國人民，也惠及世界各國人民。中國的發展，是和平的發展、開放的發展、合作的發展、共贏的發展。中國加入世貿組織大家庭，是中國的成功，也是世界的成功！

Facts have shown that a more open China has benefited not only the 1.3 billion people of China, but also the people around the world.China’s development is peaceful, open, cooperation-based and win-win-oriented.A WTO family with China on board is a success story for both China and the world.女士們，先生們： Ladies and Gentlemen, 當今世界是開放的世界，經濟全球化和科技革命為各國提供了互利合作、共同發展的有利條件。要開放、不要封閉，要發展、不要停滯，是大勢所趨、人心所向。特別是在應對國際金融危機沖擊的過程中，發展國際貿易、促進國際投資成為推動世界經濟復蘇的關鍵因素。令人憂慮的是，受種種因素干擾，全球多邊貿易體系發展坎坷，多哈回合談判一波三折、徘徊不前，貿易投資保護主義明顯抬頭，反傾銷、反補貼等貿易救濟措施屢遭濫用，貿易摩擦政治化傾向日益突出，給世界經濟復蘇蒙上濃厚的陰影。The present-day world is an open one with economic globalization and revolution in science and technology creating conditions favorable for countries to engage in mutually beneficial cooperation geared to common development.It has become the general trend and desire of the people for the world to stay open and keep developing rather than become closed and stagnant.Moreover, as we are in the middle of resisting the international financial crisis, promoting trade and investment among countries holds the key to early world economic recovery.What worries us is that due to various factors, the development of global multilateral trading regime is anything but smooth sailing.The Doha Round negotiations have bogged down, trade and investment protectionism is raising its head with frequent abuses of anti-dumping, countervailing and other trade remedies, and the tendency of politicizing trade frictions has become more salient.All this has cast a dark shadow over world economic recovery.歷史經驗證明，自由、開放、公正的國際貿易，能夠促進社會分工，提高勞動效率，擴大市場規模，增加就業機會，符合世界各國的根本利益；相反，貿易保護主義只會拖累世界經濟復蘇步伐，最終受損的是各國人民。在當前國際金融市場急劇動蕩、世界經濟不穩定和不確定因素顯著增加、主要經濟體復蘇步伐明顯放緩的關鍵時刻，國際社會應當攜起手來，同舟共濟，以更大的誠意和決心進一步擴大市場開放，以更加鮮明的態度和行動共同抵制形形色色的保護主義，以更加理性的辦法妥善處理國際貿易摩擦。惟有這樣，才能盡快驅散國際金融危機的陰霾，才能增強國際社會抵御各種風險的能力，才能實現世界經濟強勁、可持續、平衡增長。

History shows that international trade that is free, open and fair can improve division of labor, increase productivity, enlarge the marketplace and expand employment, which serves the fundamental interests of all countries.Trade protectionism, conversely, can only drag the feet of the world economic recovery and hurt people of all countries in the end.At this critical juncture characterized by volatile international financial markets, rising economic instability and uncertainty and marked slowdown of recovery of major economies, the international community should join hands and work closely together to open their markets still wider with greater sincerity and determination, reject protectionism of all forms and manifestations with a clear-cut attitude and concrete actions, and find proper and more rational solutions to trade frictions.That is the only way to break the spell of the global financial crisis, improve the risk preparedness of the international community, and achieve strong, sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy.堅定不移地實施對外開放的基本國策和互利共贏的開放戰略，是中國人民作出的自主抉擇。我們從自身發展的經驗教訓中深深懂得“關起門來搞建設是不能成功的”。中國仍然是一個發展中國家，人口多、底子薄、發展不平衡，科學技術相對落后，經濟體制和政治體制還不完善，是我們的基本國情。這就需要不斷解放思想，與時俱進，以無比堅定的決心和勇氣繼續推進改革開放，以海納百川的胸襟學習借鑒國外一切文明成果。今天的中國，擴大開放的基礎更加牢固，條件更加成熟，人民群眾的意愿更加強烈，對外開放的道路越走越寬廣。我們剛剛制定了“十二五”規劃，明確提出實行更加積極主動的開放戰略，清楚地表達了中國政府和人民堅持對外開放的巨大勇氣和決心。

Our state policy of unswervingly opening to the outside world and our win-win strategy of opening-up are the free choices made by our people.We have learned from our own experience, including bitter lessons that one cannot succeed in development behind closed doors.China is still a developing country with a big population, weak economic foundation, uneven development, relative backwardness in science and technology, and far from complete economic and political institutions.These are our basic national conditions.That is why we need to constantly free our mind, keep pace with the times, press ahead with reform and opening-up with rock-solid determination and courage and strive to draw on the achievements of all civilizations with an open mind.Thanks to much improved conditions for opening-up and even greater support from the people, China’s opening to the outside world is promised with a bright future.The recently-formulated 12th Five-Year Plan has clearly outlined a more proactive opening strategy, which gives expression to the tremendous courage and resolve of the government and people of China for continued opening-up.——我們將把擴大進口與穩定出口結合起來，努力促進國際收支基本平衡。中國始終堅持開放的貿易政策，既重視出口，也重視進口，不刻意追求貿易順差。五年前，廣交會更名為中國進出口商品交易會，增加了進口展區，就是中國促進平衡增長的最好詮釋。經過我們的努力，中國進出口正朝著更加平衡的方向發展，2009年貿易順差比上年減少1000億美元，2010年又進一步減少126億美元，預計今年順差占GDP的比重將下降到3%以內。今后5年中國進口總規模有望超過8萬億美元，這將給世界各國帶來更多商機。我們愿意加強與主要順差來源國的金融與經濟合作，用發展的辦法逐步解決貿易不平衡問題。我們也希望有關國家盡快承認中國市場經濟地位，放松高新技術產品對中國出口管制，為雙邊貿易平衡發展創造條件。

----We will combine expanding import with stabilizing export in an effort to make our international payments more balanced.China follows an open trade policy, emphasizing both export and import and refraining from pure trade surplus.Five years ago, the Canton Fair changed its name to the China Import and Export Fair and added the International Pavilion, which is a remarkable testimony to China’s desire for a balanced growth in trade.Thanks to our efforts, China’s import and export have been moving towards greater balance.For example, our trade surplus in 2009 went down by US$100 billion compared with the previous year.It further went down by US$12.6billion in 2010.This year, the share of trade surplus in GDP is expected to come under 3%.By our estimate, China’s total import in the next five years will top US$8 trillion, which will offer a lot more opportunities for businesses around the world.We are ready to strengthen financial and economic cooperation with countries that have substantial trade deficit with China and resolve the issue of trade imbalance gradually in the course of continued development of trade.We also hope that relevant countries will lose no time in recognizing China’s market economy status and relax their control on high-and new-tech exports to China so as to create conditions for a more balanced growth of trade.——我們將把吸收外資與對外投資結合起來，拓展國民經濟的發展空間。中國的資金和外匯比較充裕，這是我們的發展優勢，但不能忽視利用外資的作用，國際投資中搭載的技術創新能力、管理經驗和市場機會，不是用錢就能買到的。我們將一如既往地歡迎各國投資者來中國興業，特別是到中西部地區投資。更加重視引進先進技術、人才和智力資源，更加重視保護知識產權。繼續為國內外各類市場主體營造開放的法制環境、政策環境和市場環境，清理相關法律、規章和其他政策措施，確保與世貿規則相一致。我們將加快實施“走出去”戰略，鼓勵有條件、守信譽的各類企業對外投資，重視開展有利于改善不發達國家民生和增強自主發展能力的合作，注意承擔社會責任和義務，造福當地人民。

----We will combine absorbing foreign investment with investing abroad in an effort to enlarge to room for economic development.China is now relatively rich in capital and foreign exchange reserves, which is an advantage of China’s development.But we must not overlook the role of foreign capital.The technological innovation, managerial expertise and market opportunities that are often associated with foreign investment are not what one can buy with money.We will continue to welcome investors from all countries to China, especially to the central and western parts of the country.We will attach greater importance to bringing into China advanced know-how, human talents and intellectual resources and to protecting intellectual property rights.We will continue to cultivate an open legal, policy and market environment for all types of market entities at home and abroad by sorting out relevant Chinese laws, regulations, policies and measures and ensuring their consistence with the WTO rules.We will speed up the implementation of the “going global” strategy, encourage more capable and credible Chinese firms to invest overseas, pay attention to the cooperation schemes aimed at improving the livelihood of the underdeveloped countries and enhancing their capacity for independent development, and stress the need to undertake relevant social responsibilities in the interest of the local communities.——我們將把深化沿海開放與擴大內陸和沿邊開放結合起來，進一步優化區域開放格局。沿海地區要加快培育新的國際競爭優勢，由世界工廠向研發設計、品牌營銷和服務外包基地轉變，由國際產業鏈低端向產業鏈高端發展。內陸地區要發揮資源和勞動力豐富的比較優勢，著力改善投資環境，積極承接國際產業和沿海產業轉移，培育高水平的加工制造基地。沿邊地區要充分發揮地緣優勢，實行特殊的開放政策，加快重點口岸、邊境城市、邊境經濟合作區和重點開發開放實驗區建設，努力提高對外開放的水平。

----We will combine deepening openness in the coastal areas with greater openness in the hinterland and border areas in an effort to further improve China’s regional opening-up layout.The coastal areas must accelerate the development of new international competitive edge, transforming the themselves from being a world factory to being a base for R&D, design, brand marketing and service outsourcing, and moving up the international value chain.The hinterland areas should bring out their comparative advantages of rich natural resources and labor, work hard to improve their investment environment, actively receive relocated industries from overseas and China’s coastal areas and build up more high-caliber manufacturing and processing bases.The border areas should give full play to their geographical advantages, put in place special opening-up policies, speed up the building of major ports, border cities, border economic cooperation zones and key development and opening-up experimental zones with a view to increasing to overall level of openness.——我們將把經濟領域開放與其他領域開放結合起來，以開放促改革促發展促創新。經濟領域依然是我國對外開放的基礎和重點。我們將穩步擴大服務業對外開放，繼續推進人民幣匯率形成機制改革，擴大人民幣跨境使用，逐步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換。同時，我們也將積極擴大教育、科技、文化、衛生等領域的對外交流與合作，在擴大開放中促進我國社會事業改革與發展。

----We will combine openness in economic field with openness in other fields in an effort to promote reform, development and innovation.Economy remains the basis and key priority of China’s opening-up program.We will take steady steps to widen the openness of our service industry, keep up the reform in the RMB exchange rate forming mechanism, expand the cross-border use of RMB and gradually make RMB convertible under the capital account.At the same time, we will step up exchanges and cooperation with other countries in education, science, technology, culture, health and other areas so as to promote reform and development of China’s social programs through ever enlarged openness.——我們將把向發達國家開放與向發展中國家開放結合起來，擴大同各方利益的匯合點。中國與發達國家處于不同的發展階段，經濟互補性強，互利合作前景廣闊。要加強戰略對話，增進戰略互信，拓寬合作領域，妥善處理經貿摩擦。廣大發展中國家蘊藏著巨大的發展潛力，是我國實施市場多元化戰略和“走出去”戰略的重點。無論是富國還是窮國，無論實行何種社會制度，我們都愿意在平等互利基礎上與他們開展經貿合作。----We will combine opening to the developed countries with opening to the developing countries in an effort to expand the convergence of interests with all parties.China and the developed countries are at different stages of development with strong economic complementarities and broad prospects for mutually beneficial cooperation.It is necessary for both sides to step up strategic dialogue, increase strategic trust, broaden areas of cooperation and properly handle their trade frictions.The developing countries are blessed with an enormous potential for development and they occupy an important position in China’s market diversification and “going global” strategies.We are ready to engage in economic cooperation with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, irrespective of their wealth or social systems.——我們將把多邊開放與雙邊開放結合起來，繼續在國際經濟體系中發揮建設性作用。我們愿意以更加積極的姿態，參與多邊經貿事務和全球性問題治理，與世界各國一道，共同分享發展機遇，共同應對各種挑戰。我們也愿意繼續推動區域合作進程，積極與有關國家和地區商建自由貿易區。我愿再次呼吁，各方應堅持世貿組織多哈回合談判的發展授權，關注最不發達國家利益，在鎖定既有成果的基礎上，務實推進談判進程。中方始終是支持談判的積極力量，衷心期待談判早日取得實質性成果。

----We will combine openness in the multilateral context with openness in the bilateral context while continuing to play a constructive role in the international economic system.We are ready to engage more actively in multilateral economic and trade affairs and management of global issues, sharing out development opportunities with other countries and taking on the challenges together.We are also ready to push forward regional cooperation process and explore the possibility of establishing free trade areas with relevant countries and regions.I wish to take this opportunity to repeat my call for all parties to uphold the development mandate of the WTO Doha Round negotiations, pay attention to the interests of the least developed countries and advance the negotiations in a results-oriented way on the basis of locking in the existing outcomes.China has always been supportive of the negotiations and sincerely looks forward to substantive outcomes at an early date.女士們，先生們： Ladies and Gentlemen, 中國對外開放30多年來的實踐告訴我們：只有開放兼容，國家才能富強，人民才能過上幸福美好的生活。我們要倍加珍惜和維護對外開放的成果，將對外開放貫穿于我國現代化建設全過程，奮力把對外開放的偉大事業推向前進，為建設一個富強民主文明和諧的國家、為世界的繁榮發展和文明進步不懈努力！China’s opening to the outside world in the past 30 years and more tells us that only an open and inclusive country can be strong and prosperous and achievements in opening-up, keep the policy in place throughout our modernization process, vigorously move the great cause forward and work tirelessly to build a prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious China and to ensure prosperity, development and progress in the world.謝謝大家！Thank you.