第一篇：英語數(shù)字反應(yīng)能力訓(xùn)練

英語數(shù)字反應(yīng)能力訓(xùn)練

1.學(xué)英語無論聽與說，對數(shù)字反應(yīng)遲緩，這是一個(gè)普遍存在的問題，也是一個(gè)老大難問題。為了解決這個(gè)問題，成功的英語學(xué)習(xí)者可能都有自己獨(dú)特的經(jīng)歷和方法。這里推薦的是一種高效的訓(xùn)練方案。

2.后面附有七個(gè)表格，分別為3-9位數(shù)字。每個(gè)表包含1500個(gè)數(shù)字，是由電腦隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生的。3.如果你經(jīng)常坐在電腦旁邊，只要有空閑時(shí)間，或三分鐘、或五分鐘不等，隨意選一個(gè)表來練習(xí)，權(quán)當(dāng)是一種休息。當(dāng)然，最好由淺入深循順漸進(jìn)。你也可以根據(jù)自己的情況安排固定時(shí)段來練習(xí)。

4.不必按順序，也不必從頭至尾完成每個(gè)表的每個(gè)數(shù)字，完全隨心所欲。只要目之所及，立即在腦海中對數(shù)字作出反應(yīng)，同時(shí)口中念念有詞，只要不影響到他人，最好誦出聲來。從數(shù)字映入眼中到誦完這個(gè)數(shù)字所用時(shí)間，隨著練習(xí)的進(jìn)行會越來越短，目標(biāo)是：對數(shù)字形成條件反射。

5.訓(xùn)練要訣：目光掃過數(shù)字，然后盡快移開目光，通過瞬時(shí)記憶來完成數(shù)字的讀誦，即使是八、九位的長串?dāng)?shù)字，也盡量爭取做到0.5秒內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確記住，并完整而流暢地誦出。

6.這種方法雖然不是直接訓(xùn)練數(shù)字聽力，但由于我們從開始學(xué)英語就接觸了數(shù)字的英語表達(dá)，對數(shù)字的基本語音構(gòu)件其實(shí)早就熟悉了，問題只在于由這些基本構(gòu)件串成的較大數(shù)字我們的反應(yīng)比較遲緩，只要解決了這個(gè)天然障礙，數(shù)字的聽與說問題其實(shí)會同步消除。

7.如果不常坐在電腦旁邊，可以隨意截取某段表格，然后把它打印出來，自己擠時(shí)間進(jìn)行練習(xí)。有mp3、4的同學(xué)，可以把表格轉(zhuǎn)成txt文件隨身攜帶，有空可以通過mp3、4的文本閱讀器來練習(xí)。

8.數(shù)字聽力要訣：1）阿拉伯化圖形反應(yīng)：阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字是最簡明有效的數(shù)字文字符號，只要我們一聽見英文數(shù)字，立即反應(yīng)出其阿拉伯字符串圖案，這要通過長期的訓(xùn)練才能熟練；2）跨越“萬”之障礙：對于五位以上數(shù)字，中國人是以“萬”和“億”為核心來表達(dá)。受習(xí)慣支配，我們總是不自主地試圖把聽到的英文數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)成xxx萬、xxx億再予以接收，這大大地減慢了我們對數(shù)字的反應(yīng)速度。其實(shí)完全沒必要這么做，我們應(yīng)該逐步養(yǎng)成直接按英語國家的習(xí)慣來接受數(shù)字語音信息。只要克服了英語數(shù)字的語音接收障礙，口譯或筆譯成中文時(shí)再轉(zhuǎn)成萬億制表達(dá)其實(shí)是很簡單的事。

這里主要談四位以上的數(shù)字和帶小數(shù)點(diǎn)的百分?jǐn)?shù)的聽記問題。

在收聽VOA英語廣播的過程中，聽眾時(shí)常會碰到許多數(shù)字，這是我國英語學(xué)習(xí)者的一大難關(guān)，四位數(shù)以上的數(shù)字更是如此。原因是英漢兩種語言的計(jì)數(shù)單位不完全一樣。

它們的最大區(qū)別是：漢語中有“萬”和“億”這兩個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)單位，英語沒有；而英語的million（百萬）和billion（十億）這兩個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)單位，漢語里卻是在它們的前面加上十，百，千而構(gòu)成的復(fù)合計(jì)數(shù)單位，于是形成了英漢數(shù)字的不同表示法。

英漢兩種語言的計(jì)數(shù)單位是不一致的，英語每四位數(shù)，漢語每五位數(shù)要變更其計(jì)數(shù)單位的名稱，這就形成了四位以上數(shù)字的不同表示法。這些不同的表示法給英語學(xué)習(xí)者，尤其是給來辨別數(shù)量單位并接受信息的英語廣播聽眾帶來了很大的困難。怎樣才能克服這一困難，做到準(zhǔn)確無誤地聽記英語新聞中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字呢？根據(jù)我們的收聽實(shí)踐，發(fā)現(xiàn)采取以下步驟，比較容易聽記：

1）根據(jù)美國英語中每逢四位數(shù)就要變更計(jì)數(shù)單位的規(guī)則，記數(shù)時(shí)采用國際習(xí)慣每隔三位數(shù)用一逗號分開，即1，000以上的數(shù)：先從后向前數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一“,”，第一個(gè)“,”號前為thousand，第二個(gè)“，”號前為million，第三個(gè)“，”號前為billion（在英國英語國家中為thousand million），然后一節(jié)一節(jié)表示。例如：123，456，895，167，讀成one hundred(and)twenty three billion four hundred(and)fifty-six million eight hundred(and)ninety-five thousand one hundred and sixty-seven.從這一讀法中不難看出：除了trillion，billion，和million外，其他數(shù)字都是百、十、個(gè)的反復(fù)使用。

2）以trillion，billion，million和thousand為中心，收聽時(shí)集中注意力聽清楚是多少個(gè)trillion，多少個(gè)billion，多少個(gè)million和多少個(gè)thousand，及時(shí)記下并在它們的后面分別用“，”分開，沒有具體數(shù)字的就打上“0”。當(dāng)然trillion的前面還有一些更大的計(jì)數(shù)詞，其規(guī)律都是一樣的。

3）注意數(shù)字的書寫表達(dá)方法。一般說來，英語數(shù)字的書寫方法有以下三種：

（1）如果數(shù)字能用一個(gè)單獨(dú)單詞來表達(dá)，就直接寫出該單詞。如：“一”、“九”、“十五”、“八十”就分別寫作one，nine，fifteen和eighty。

（2）如果數(shù)字要用一個(gè)復(fù)合數(shù)詞或幾個(gè)數(shù)詞來表達(dá)，如：“二十一”、“九十九”、“一百零一”、“一千八百七十六”等等，通常就寫出阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字“21”、“99”、“101”、“1，876”等等。

如果數(shù)字是比較大的整數(shù)，常常要用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加英語單詞一起來表達(dá)。如“一百六十萬”、“四十五億”就寫成“1.6 million”和“4.5 billion”等等。

另外，還有一些數(shù)字可以有兩種讀法。例如： 1,000可讀作one thousand或ten hundred，4,500可讀作four thousand five hundred或forty-five hundred，500,000可讀作five hundred thousand或half million。

在VOA的英語廣播中，如果數(shù)字達(dá)到或超過了billion，Special English和Standard English 的讀法通常都不一樣。如：The Chinese News Agency says China’s population has grown to 1,031,882,511 persons.(St.)Standard English的播音員將這一數(shù)字讀作one billion thirty-one million eight hundred eighty-two thousand five hundred eleven。而Special English的播音員將這一數(shù)字讀作one thousand thirty-one million。又如：World Bank President A.W.Clausen says the bank will lend China 1,000,000,000 next year.(St.)Standard English的播音員將這一數(shù)字讀作one billion，而Special English的播音員將這一數(shù)字讀作one thousand million，這一讀法避免了使用billion這一沒有被VOA Special English Wordbook收進(jìn)的難詞。

數(shù)字中的另一難點(diǎn)是帶有小數(shù)點(diǎn)的百分?jǐn)?shù)，我們常常在經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融和其他涉及較精確的百分比的新聞中遇到。這些數(shù)字，特別是百分之零點(diǎn)幾的數(shù)字的讀法比較難懂，有的有幾種讀法，在一般的辭書和語法書中很難找到滿意的答案。現(xiàn)根據(jù)錄音材料，從這摘錄一些含有這些數(shù)字的典型單句，按一定的規(guī)律排列如下，供讀者參考：

The report noted that the slowdown is less than the four and one half per cent(4.5%)drop in such economic activity during the last three months of 1981.The second largest bank in the United States, the city Bank of New York, has raised its prime interest rates to sixteen and one half per cent(16.5%).He(World Bank President A.W.Claysen)praised China’s economic progress in the last two years, noting the Chinese economy has grown almost seven point five per cent(7.5%)in the time of world recession.The Labor Department said almost 11 million Americans were out of work, about nine point eight per cent(9.8%)of the work force.Almost 10 million persons in the US were unemployed in March.That means nine per cent(9%)of the American labor forces was out of work, and increase of two tenths of one per cent(0.2%)over February’s rate.Consumer prices in the US increased by only two tenths of one per cent(0.2%)in February.Producer prices in the United States increased by one tenth of one per cent(0.1%)in April, the first rise since January.Government economists say producer prices rose at yealy rate of only four tenths of one per cent(0.4%)during the first four months of this year.The Labor Department reports that producer prices increased by only one half of one per cent(0.5%)in October.The Federal Reserve Board says industrial production dropped eight tenths of one per cent(0.8%)in October.The Labor Department reports the prices in the US lowered only six tenths of one per cent(0.6%)last month.Prices has risen one fourth per cent(0.25%)in May and June.The World has a huge supply of fresh water, rivers, rain water, lakes and underground wells.But experts say that only abut one third of one per cent(0.3% or 1/3%)of the world’s total water supply is naturally safe for drinking.總的來說，英語數(shù)字的聽記是英語學(xué)習(xí)者的一大難點(diǎn)，除了掌握一定的規(guī)律和技巧外，必須通過大量的聽說讀寫訓(xùn)練，才能達(dá)到比較迅速而準(zhǔn)確的目的。

數(shù)字聽力是英語聽力訓(xùn)練中的一大難點(diǎn), 學(xué)生很難在短時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確地捕捉到數(shù)字信息,并快速記錄。同時(shí), 數(shù)字聽力又是英語聽力教學(xué)中的一大重點(diǎn)。通過數(shù)字讀法及速記技巧訓(xùn)練, 可以幫助學(xué)生攻克數(shù)字聽力難關(guān)。數(shù)字在信息傳遞中極為重要, 無論是日常對話還是新聞播報(bào)都會涉及到數(shù)字, 而數(shù)字都極其細(xì)微, 稍有差錯(cuò)就會導(dǎo)致理解相差甚遠(yuǎn)。在英語聽力中, 與數(shù)字相關(guān)的讀寫練習(xí)自然也是學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)之一, 這也是英語聽力中的一大難點(diǎn), “純數(shù)字信息的準(zhǔn)確獲取與轉(zhuǎn)換已長期成為學(xué)生聽力理解過程中的重大障礙之一, 嚴(yán)重影響學(xué)生成績的整體提高”。數(shù)字聽力無法依靠上下文語境推斷, 練習(xí)者需要完全憑借背景知識、短時(shí)記憶和快速反應(yīng)獲取信息。有時(shí)即使進(jìn)行了大量訓(xùn)練, 也難以獲得顯著效果。調(diào)查結(jié)果表明, 在聽力試題測試中數(shù)字方面的得分率最低。

1、常見的數(shù)字讀法

數(shù)字的種類繁多, 有基數(shù)、序數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)等。數(shù)字又是日常生活中經(jīng)常用到的語言信息, 包括日期、時(shí)間、價(jià)格、股票指數(shù)、溫度、門牌號、電話號碼等, 有時(shí)一個(gè)數(shù)字還有不同讀法。這些都需要我們在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中認(rèn)真總結(jié)歸納, 以期達(dá)到良好的教學(xué)效果。

1.1 基數(shù)詞

基數(shù)詞是基礎(chǔ), 所有其他數(shù)字都在此基礎(chǔ)之上形成, 其中要特別注意四位以上的大額數(shù)字。依照中文的習(xí)慣, 數(shù)字由每四位劃分一個(gè)單位, 從低到高位依次為: 個(gè), 萬, 億等。而英文則不同, 是以每三位劃分一個(gè)單位: thousand, million, billion,trillion。如: 134, 256, 366, 906 讀作: one hundred(and)thirty-four billion, two hundred(and)fifty-six million, three hundred(and)sixty-six thousand, nine hundred(and)six.(在美式英語中, 往往省略hundred 后面的and)。只有注意到中英文的差別,才能有意識地形成英語讀數(shù)習(xí)慣。

同時(shí)要注意到一些特殊讀法, 特別是在財(cái)經(jīng)新聞中常常遇到違反常規(guī)的讀法。如以下實(shí)例: 例1: In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6, 783.(讀作: sixty-seven eighty-three)

例2: The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10, 116.The Standard and Poor’s 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1, 254.(10, 116 讀作: ten thousand one hundred sixteen;1, 254 讀作: twelve hundred and fifty-four)上述兩個(gè)例句信息本是外電新聞原文。

有時(shí)正規(guī)讀法和特例讀法甚至?xí)谝欢沃型瑫r(shí)出現(xiàn), 如例2 所示。

1.2 序數(shù)詞

序數(shù)詞中除first, second, third, 其余都是在基數(shù)詞末尾加上-th 構(gòu)成, 只有部分在拼寫方法上略有變動(dòng)。但要注意很多序數(shù)詞也可用基數(shù)詞表示,如:

Lesson nine = the ninth lesson 第九課;

World War Ⅱ(World War Two)= the second world war 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)等。

但要注意在提及國王或女王時(shí), 只能用序數(shù)詞, 而不能用基數(shù)詞。如: Queen Elithabeth II 應(yīng)讀作: Queen Elithabeth the second, 而不能讀作Queen Elithabeth two。

1.3 分?jǐn)?shù) 分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞表示, 分母用序數(shù)詞表示。若分子大于1, 分母用復(fù)數(shù), 如: 1/3, 讀作: one third;2/7 讀作: two sevenths。如果分子或分母數(shù)值較大, 或在數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算中, 常常會用over 來讀分?jǐn)?shù)線, 如: 32/46 讀作thirty-two over forty-six。

但要注意1/2, 1/4 和3/4 分別讀作: a(one)half, a(one)quarter, three quarters。

1.4 小數(shù)

小數(shù)的整數(shù)部分按照基數(shù)詞規(guī)則讀, 小數(shù)部分的數(shù)字逐個(gè)讀出, 而小數(shù)點(diǎn)“.”念作“point”。如9.45 讀作“nine point four five”, 但有時(shí)也會聽到“nine point forty-five”的特例讀法。如果小數(shù)點(diǎn)前為0, 讀作nought 或zero。

1.5 百分?jǐn)?shù)

百分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法比較簡單, 通常是在基數(shù)或小數(shù)后面加上百分號, 讀作“percent”即可。如: 35%(thirtythree point eight percent)。但有時(shí), 百分號前被讀作分?jǐn)?shù), 如:1.5% 讀作one and one half percent;12.3% 讀作twelve and three tenths percent。

1.6 倍數(shù)

英語中表示兩倍用twice, 三倍以上用times。但要注意其他一些表示倍數(shù)的詞: double, triple /treble, quadruple 等倍數(shù)還可以用基數(shù)詞加上后綴“-fold”表示, 如16-fold(十六倍)。

1.7 日期

在年的表示中, 如果數(shù)字較小, 或者新世紀(jì)初的幾個(gè)年份, 可以直接當(dāng)作基數(shù)詞讀出, 如: 357A.D.讀作“three hundred fifty-seven A.D.”;2006 讀作“two thousand(and)six”。數(shù)值較大時(shí),習(xí)慣于兩位一組讀出, 如: 1980 讀作“nineteen eighty”。

月份的讀法很統(tǒng)一, 但要注意書寫時(shí)可以用縮寫, 聽力中適當(dāng)?shù)目s寫可以幫助我們迅速記錄,節(jié)約時(shí)間。

具體日期的表示有如下兩種: November 23rd(讀作: November(the)twenty third)和23rd November(讀作:(the)twenty third(of)November)。

1.8 時(shí)間

最簡便的讀法是把時(shí)和分依次讀出, 如: 8:10讀作“eight ten”;6:52 讀作“six fifty-two”。但這兩個(gè)時(shí)刻通常讀作“ten past / after eight”和“eight to /of seven”(after 和of 為美式英語習(xí)慣)。

如果想表示剛好在某一個(gè)整點(diǎn), 如11:00, 可以用“at 11 o’clock sharp / on the hour / on the strike”。而12:00 也可讀為“at noon”;00:00 為“at midnight”。

時(shí)刻的讀法中還常常用到half 和quarter, 分別表示三十分鐘和十五分鐘。

1.9 價(jià)格

讀價(jià)格首先要注意單位: 英國有pound /pounds(￡, 英鎊)、penny / pence(p, 便士);美國有dollar / dollars($, 美元)、cent / cents(￠, 美分)。美國的硬幣還有quarter(= 25 cents), dime(= 10cents), nickel(= 5 cents)。在聽寫過程中, 要記得寫上貨幣單位, 數(shù)值加上單位才是完整的價(jià)格。書寫時(shí)可以用貨幣符號, 以節(jié)省時(shí)間。同時(shí), 對貨幣單位間的換算也要相當(dāng)熟悉。

讀具體價(jià)格需要注意帶零頭的數(shù)字, 如: ＄3.35讀作“three dollars thirty-five cents”, 或“three dollars thirty5 ℃可讀作five degrees below zero 或negative/minus five degrees。

1.12 門牌號

通常情況下, 三位門牌號逐個(gè)讀出, 四位門牌號每兩個(gè)數(shù)分一組。如: Classroom 305 讀作Classroom threefive;Room 2534 讀作Room twenty-five thirty-four。

1.13 電話號碼

讀電話號碼首先要按照國家代碼、區(qū)號、號碼本身來分開, 如86-0551-3837898, 然后逐個(gè)數(shù)字讀出。若號碼主體部分有七位, 則按照三位一組加四位一組讀出, 如上例中3837898 讀作three eight three, seven eight nigh eight;若主體部分有八位, 則每四個(gè)數(shù)一組讀出, 如28465258 讀作two eight four six, five two five eight。

如果遇到兩個(gè)或三個(gè)相連數(shù)字相同, 可分別用double 和treble。但是, 開頭三個(gè)數(shù)字相同, 通常仍應(yīng)該分開讀, 如: 5553298 應(yīng)讀作five five five,three two nine eight, 而不是treble five, three two nine eight。而且運(yùn)用double 或treble 時(shí), 仍應(yīng)遵循上述數(shù)字分組規(guī)則, 如: 7733298 應(yīng)讀作double seven three, three two nine eight, 而不是double seven double three two nine eight。

1.14 其他 1.14.1 “0”的讀法

0 可以讀作zero, nought, null, nil, nothing, oh,上述規(guī)則已有所涉及。此外nil 多見于體育賽事,如: 3: 0 讀作three nil 或three to nothing。

1.14.2 區(qū)分million 和billion;teen’s 和-ty’s 尤為重要。

1.14.3 連讀

連讀對聽力理解影響甚大, 此處試舉一二, 以說明其在涉及數(shù)字的聽力中可能造成的誤解和困難。如: 00 可能讀作double oh, 聽起來像“w”;88可能讀作double eight;1800 可能讀作one eigh(t)hundred, 聽起來像“one hundred”。數(shù)字的速記技巧

2.1 使用逗號幫助記錄大額數(shù)字

遇到四位及以上數(shù)字時(shí), 應(yīng)習(xí)慣于使用逗號分節(jié), 每三位一節(jié)。這種分組方法既符合英語朗讀習(xí)慣, 又能幫助練習(xí)者準(zhǔn)確記錄, 迅速應(yīng)對。

2.2 合理使用million, billion, trillion 等詞及其縮寫

數(shù)額較大且低位數(shù)字多為零者, 可以用million,billion, trillion 等單詞代替, 在草稿中甚至僅以m, b, t 代替, 以節(jié)省時(shí)間。

事實(shí)上, 很多數(shù)字在朗讀時(shí)已進(jìn)行此類轉(zhuǎn)換,如: ten point five million 和ten and one half million均指10.5million, 即10,500,000。又如: two hundred ten thousand million 指210,000 million, 即210,000,000,000。

2.3 充分利用數(shù)學(xué)符號

做聽力筆記時(shí), 可以充分利用數(shù)學(xué)符號來表示增加、減少、多于、少于、等于, 甚至可以自創(chuàng)符號來方便記憶。訓(xùn)練方法

涉及數(shù)字聽力練習(xí)的方法很多, 如: 兩人配對練習(xí), 一人讀一人記, 訓(xùn)練幾組之后交換練習(xí);如:多聽英語新聞, 特別是財(cái)經(jīng)報(bào)道等。這里著重介紹幾個(gè)小技巧和小游戲, 既具有可操作性, 又充滿趣味性, 而且在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中效果顯著。

3.1 讀電話號碼本

把電話號碼當(dāng)作普通的基數(shù)詞來念, 要做到發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確、迅速、自然。3.2 數(shù)數(shù)

從0 開始一直數(shù)到出錯(cuò)為止, 出錯(cuò)后從頭再來, 要求同上。

這兩個(gè)方法的好處是不受時(shí)空限制, 甚至一個(gè)人走在路上也能自行操練。

(2)基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的寫法與讀法

羅馬字 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字

基數(shù)詞讀法 I II III IV 1 2 3 4 one two three four

序數(shù)詞寫法 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

序數(shù)詞讀法 the first the second the third the fourth V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty one twenty five thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety ninety nine one hundred a hundred and two two hundred and forty-six

5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 25th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 99th 100th 102nd 246th

the fifth the sixth the seventh the eighth the ninth the tenth the eleventh the twelfth the thirteenth the fourteenth the fifteenth the sixteenth the seventeenth the eighteenth the nineteenth the twentieth the twenty first the twenty fifth the thirtieth the fortieth the fiftieth the sixtieth the seventieth the eightieth the ninetieth the ninety ninth the hundredth

the(one)hundred and second two hundred and forty sixth seven hundred and fifty first XVIII 18 XIX XX XXI XXV XXX XL L LX LXX LXXX XC IC C

246 751

seven hundred and fifty-one 751st

(2)1000以上的數(shù)詞

1,000 = one thousand

一千 10,000 = ten thousand 一萬 100,000 = one hundred thousand 十萬

1,000,000 = one million 一百萬

10,000,000 = ten million 一千萬

100,000,000=one hundred million 一億

(3)十億以上的大數(shù)，英美有不同的讀法：

十億

英國: one thousand million 美國: one billion

百億

英國: ten thousand million

美國: ten billion

千億

英國: one hundred thousand million

美國: one hundred billion

萬億

英國: one billion

美國: one trillion

2.Fractions 分?jǐn)?shù) 通常將分子讀為基數(shù)，將分母讀為序數(shù)。

1/2 = a(or one)half

1/3 = a(or one)third

1/4 = a quarter or one fourth 1/5 = a(or one)fifth

2/3 = two thirds

9/10 = nine tenths

53/4 = five and three quarters

15/64 = fifteen over(or by)sixty-four

15% = fifteen per cent

4‰ = four per mill

3.Decimals 小數(shù)

0.4 = zero(or nought)point four

0.01 = point(or decimal)nought one

12.34 = twelve point three four

567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine

30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring

0.3% = decimal three percent

4.Mathematic Forms 數(shù)學(xué)式

(1)Addition 加法

1+2=3 One and two are three.2+3=5 Two plus three equals five.4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four.45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are(or make)267 the sum(or total)is 267.演算時(shí)的讀法：

Three and seven are ten;I write(or I write down, or I put down)a nought and carry one.Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen, and three sixteen;I write down six and carry one.One and one(that I carry)are two;I put down two.-The sum(or total, or the result of the addition)is two hundred and sixty.37,80 and 143 added together, and(or make)260.(2)Subtraction 減法

9-4=5 Nine minus four equals(or is equal to)five.15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight.23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175(take or subtracted)from 23,654 leaves 15,479.The difference(or The remainder)is 15,479.Nine from five won't go.演算時(shí)的讀法：

Nought from nought(leaves)nought.One from one leaves nought(or nothing).Two from three(leaves)one.I can

't take(or subtract)five from four;I must borrow ten;five from fourteen leaves nine.-The difference(or The remainder)is nine thousand one hundred.5210(take or subtracted)from 14,310 leaves 9,100.(3)Multiplication

乘法

1×0=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought.1×1=1 Once one is one.2×1=2 Twice one is two.3×5=15 Three times five is fifteen 6×0=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing.演算時(shí)的讀法: Five times nine(or Nine multiplied by five)are forty-five;I put down five and carry four.Five times seven are thirty-five and four(that I carry)are thirty-nine;I write down nine and carry three.Five times six make thirty and three(that I carry)thirty-three;I put down thirty-three.Eight times nine(or Eight nine)are seven two;I write two and carry seven.Eight sevens make fifty-six and seven are sixty-three.I put down three and carry six.Eight sixes make forty-eight and six fifty-four;I write down fifty-four.I now add the partial results(or products)Five.Two and nine are eleven.Three and three are six and one are seven.Four and three make seven.(4)Division 除法

9÷3=3 Nine divided by three makes(or is equal to)three.20÷5=4 Five into twenty goes four times.4567÷23=198余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder.The quotient is 198, and 13 remainder.演算時(shí)的讀法: Fifteen into thirteen won't go;fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine times;nine times fifteen are one hundred and thirty-five;one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred and thirty-eight leaves three;I bring down seven;fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice;twice fifteen are thirty;thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven.The(exact)quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder;15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder.5.Time 時(shí)間

(1)Hours 鐘點(diǎn)

2h.5'8“ = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小時(shí)5分8秒

6.18 = six eighteen 6時(shí)18分

8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.['ei 'em] 上午8時(shí)30分

the 6.05 p.m.train = the six(nought)five p.m.['pi:'em] train 下午6時(shí)零5分列車

又二十四小時(shí)混合制的寫法和讀法如下：

0900 = 0 nine hundred(上午)9時(shí)

0910 = 0 nine ten(上午)9時(shí)10分

1300 = thirteen hundred 13時(shí)(下午1時(shí))1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15時(shí)25分(下午3時(shí)25分)2000 = twenty hundred 20時(shí)(下午8時(shí))at 5 o'c =at five o'clock 五點(diǎn)鐘

(2)Date 日期

Oct.1 =October first 10月1日

Oct.1st = October the first 10月1日

1st Oct.1949 = the first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日

3/5 = [英]May(the)third 5月3日； [美]March fifth 3月5日

[附注]聯(lián)系日期前置詞用on.(3)Year 年份

684 B.C.=Six eighty-four B.C.['bi:'si:] 公元前684年

1960 = nineteen sixty;nineteen hundred and sixty 19-nineteen something

1950's nineteen fifties 二十世紀(jì)五十年代 [附注]聯(lián)系年份的前置詞用in.6.Numbers 號碼

(1)Telephones Numbers 電話號碼

1023 = one O two three;ten twenty-three

1227 = one double two(or two two)seven

0386 = O three eight six

0096 = double O(or O O)nine six

7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand

No.26= Number 26 第26號

Room 201 = Room two O one 第201房間

Chang'an Street = Ten Chang'an Street 長安街10號

(2)Writings 書籍作品

Vol.I = Volume one(or the first volume)卷一

Chap.II= Chapter two(or the second chapter)第2章

Page 3 = page Three(or the third page)第3頁

See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 見第5-10頁

Act V = Act five(or the fifth act)第5幕

Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Scene One.Line fifty-six 《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一場第56行

Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《馬可福音》第七章第12節(jié)

Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 貝多芬作品第49號 4to = quarto 四本開

8vo = octavo 八本開

(3)Other 其他

World War I = World War One 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)

World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)

Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世

Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世

Mr.-= Mr.Dash;Mr.So-and-so 某某先生

Mr.B-= Mr.B-Esq., of-= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大學(xué)某某先生

the town of = the town of Blank 某某城

The result of the game was 3-0 比賽結(jié)果是三比零

7.Money 貨幣

(1)British currency 英幣 6d.= six pence 六便士

1/2d.= a halfpenny 半便士

11/2d.= a penny half penny or three half penny or three half pence 一便士半

1/4d.= a farthing 一個(gè)銅元

33/4d.= three pence three farthings 三便士三銅元

1s.6d.(or 1/6)= one(shilling)and six(pence)一先令六便士

￡1.18 =(or￡1.18s.)= one pound eighteen(shillings)一鎊十八先令

￡1.3s.6d.= one pound, three shillings(and)six pence 4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.)= four(shillings)and five pence halfpenny(2)U.S.currency 1.20 dollar(and)twenty(cents)美金一元二角

4.25 = four dollars twenty-five cents 美金四元二角五分

(3)Soviet currency 前蘇聯(lián)幣

Rb.15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks 六盧布十五戈比

(4)German currency 德幣

m.60 = one mark sixty pfennig 一馬克六十芬尼

(5)French currency 法國幣

fr.30 = one franc.thirty(centimes)一法郎三十生丁

0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes 十五生丁

(6)Chinese People's Currency 人民幣

1.50 = one yuan and a half 一元五角

JMP 10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five(fen)人民幣十元三角五分

附注：yuan單復(fù)數(shù)沒有變化：也可作為日本本位幣”圓“的符號。8.Weight and Measures 度量衡

(1)length, area, and volume 長度、面積和容積in = three inches 三英寸

ft.5 in = fifteen foot five(inches)十五英尺五英寸

[附注] 尤其在inches省略時(shí), ft.讀作foot;如果inches也念出來，ft可以讀作fett.18'6 5/1”= eighteen foot six and a fifth(inches)10×8feet= ten by eight feet 十英尺長，八英尺寬

5"×4×31/2 = five inches by four by three and a half 長五英寸，寬四英寸，高三英寸半

[附注] 以上二例中，乘號×表示面積或容積。

(2)Weight 重量

dr.23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains 十二打蘭二十三喱oz.4 dr.= Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打蘭(3)Capacity 容量

gi.= three gills 三及耳

qt.1 pt = one quart one pint 一夸脫一品脫

[附注] qt., pt.的復(fù)數(shù)是qts., pts., 也可以不加s.20 gal.5 qt.=Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加侖五夸脫bu.3 pk.= Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克

一、加減乘除表示法

1.“加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等詞表示。2+3=? 可表示為： How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five．

Two and three is equal to five． Two and three make five．

Two added to three equals five．

If we add two to/and three, we get five． 二加三等于五

2.“減”用 minus或 take from表示 10－6＝?How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four．

Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four． 十減去六等于四

3.“乘”用time（動(dòng)詞）或multiply表示 3X4＝? How much is three times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve．

Multiply three by four，we get twelve． Three multiplied by four makes twelve． 三乘以四等于十二

4.“除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示 16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4＝4 Sixteen divided by four is four．

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four． 十六除以四等于四。

二、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法

1.分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的。基數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時(shí)，如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)；小于1，名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個(gè)半小時(shí)（讀作 one and a half hours）3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（讀作two and three-fourths meters）4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

3.表示“n次方”的說法：指數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，底數(shù)用基數(shù)詞。

10的7次方 the seventh power of ten（ten to the seventh power）6的10次方 the tenth power of six（six to the tenth power）

三、小數(shù)表示法

1.小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示，以小數(shù)點(diǎn)為界，小數(shù)點(diǎn)左首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，表示整數(shù)，數(shù)字合起來讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)右首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，表示小數(shù)，數(shù)字分開來讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point，o讀作 zero或o［ou］，整數(shù)部分為零時(shí)，可以省略不讀。

0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三

25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七 l.03 one point o three 一點(diǎn)零三

2.當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時(shí)，小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)，數(shù)字值小于1時(shí)，小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49 ton 零點(diǎn)四九噸 l.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸

四、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法

百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)＋percent表示 50％ fifty percent百分之五十 3％ three percent百分之三

0.12％ zero point one two percent 百分之零點(diǎn)一二

這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”，cent這一后半部分表示“百”，所以百分之幾中percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

五、數(shù)量表示法

1.表示長、寬、高、面積等，用基數(shù)詞+單位詞（meter，foot，inch，kilogram等）+ 形容詞（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞（length，width，height，weight等）表示。

two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬 This box is 2 kilograms in weight． 這個(gè)盒子有兩千克重。

The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high． 西安城墻是12米寬，12米高。

2.表示時(shí)間、距離時(shí)，使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。five minutes' walk 步行五分鐘（的距離）

It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university． 從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)是乘車一小時(shí)的路程。或：從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)需要乘車一小時(shí)。

It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠(yuǎn)。

3.表示溫度時(shí)，用below zero表示零下溫度，溫度用基數(shù)詞+degree（s）+單位詞（centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏）表示。

thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 攝氏 36度

four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度 Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit． 水在華氏三十二度時(shí)結(jié)冰。

Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade． 水在攝氏一百度時(shí)沸騰。

這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時(shí)，可以省略。You are 37℃．（讀作 thirty-seven degrees）你是三十七度。（攝氏）

It's seven degrees below zero． 今天是零下七度。（攝氏）

4.由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語作定語時(shí)，其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式，名詞性短語中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。

It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground． 從圖書館到操場需要走五分鐘。She's a sixteen-year-old girl． 她是個(gè)十六歲的女孩。

5.表示“比???大（或）幾倍”的說法。

This room is two times bigger than that one． 這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)（房間）大兩倍。

The dictionary is four times thicker than that book． 這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。

My age is two times older than his． 我的年齡比他大兩倍。

第二篇：英語聽力中數(shù)字反應(yīng)能力訓(xùn)練

英語聽力中數(shù)字反應(yīng)能力訓(xùn)練

了解決這個(gè)問題，成功的英語學(xué)習(xí)者可能都有自己獨(dú)特的經(jīng)歷和方法。這里推薦的是一種高效的訓(xùn)練方案。

1、下載英語數(shù)字反應(yīng)能力訓(xùn)練用表，它包含七個(gè)表格，分別為3-9位數(shù)字。每個(gè)表包含1500個(gè)數(shù)字，是由電腦隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生的。

>>點(diǎn)擊下載訓(xùn)練表<<

2、.如果你經(jīng)常坐在電腦旁邊，只要有空閑時(shí)間，或三分鐘、或五分鐘不等，隨意選一個(gè)表來練習(xí)，權(quán)當(dāng)是一種休息。當(dāng)然，最好由淺入深循序漸進(jìn)。你也可以根據(jù)自己的情況安排固定時(shí)段來練習(xí)。

3、不必按順序，也不必從頭至尾完成每個(gè)表的每個(gè)數(shù)字，完全隨心所欲。只要目之所及，立即在腦海中對數(shù)字作出反應(yīng)，同時(shí)口中念念有詞(當(dāng)然是用英語），只要不影響到他人，最好誦出聲來。從數(shù)字映入眼中到誦完這個(gè)數(shù)字所用時(shí)間，隨著練習(xí)的進(jìn)行會越來越短，目標(biāo)是：對數(shù)字形成條件反射。

4、訓(xùn)練要訣：目光掃過數(shù)字，然后盡快移開目光，通過瞬間記憶來完成數(shù)字的讀誦，即使是八、九位的長串?dāng)?shù)字，也盡量爭取做到0.5秒內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確記住，并完整而流暢地誦出。這不難，稍加練習(xí)就可以做到。

5、這種方法雖然不是直接訓(xùn)練數(shù)字聽力，但由于我們從開始學(xué)英語就接觸了數(shù)字的英語表達(dá)，對數(shù)字的基本語音構(gòu)件其實(shí)早就熟悉了，問題只在于由這些基本構(gòu)件串成的較大數(shù)字我們的反應(yīng)比較遲緩，只要解決了這個(gè)天然障礙，數(shù)字的聽與說問題其實(shí)會同步消除。

6、如果不常坐在電腦旁邊，可以隨意截取某段表格，然后把它打印出來，自己擠時(shí)間進(jìn)行練習(xí)。有mp3、4的同學(xué)，可以把表格轉(zhuǎn)成txt文件隨身攜帶，有空可以通過mp3、4的文本閱讀器來練習(xí)。

7、數(shù)字聽力要訣：

1）阿拉伯化圖形反應(yīng)：阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字是最簡明有效的數(shù)字文字符號，只要我們一聽見英文數(shù)字，立即反應(yīng)出其阿拉伯字符串圖案，這要通過長期的訓(xùn)練才能熟練；

2）跨越“萬”之障礙：對于五位以上數(shù)字，中國人是以“萬”和“億”為核心來表達(dá)。受習(xí)慣支配，我們總是不自主地試圖把聽到的英文數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)成xxx萬、xxx億再予以接收，這大大地減慢了我們對數(shù)字的反應(yīng)速度。其實(shí)完全沒必要這么做，我們應(yīng)該逐步養(yǎng)成直接按英語國家的習(xí)慣來接受數(shù)字語音信息。只要克服了英語數(shù)字的語音接收障礙，口譯或筆譯成中文時(shí)再轉(zhuǎn)成萬億制表達(dá)其實(shí)是很簡單的事。

第三篇：英語能力訓(xùn)練1（精選）

英語能力訓(xùn)練1 閱讀理解（每小題2分）

A

“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton（骨骼）in the closet（衣櫥）?” Jessica asked.“A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully.“Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about.For example, if in the past, someone in Dad?s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ?a skeleton in his family?s closet?.He really wouldn?t want any neighbor to know about it.”

“Why pick on my family?” Jessica?s father said with anger.“Your family history isn?t so good, you know.Wasn?t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked.I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.After dinner, the house was very quiet.Jessica?s parents were still quite angry with each other.Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read.When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica?s closet.Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor.Jessica?s mother sank in a faint（暈倒）, waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead.She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.“What happened? Where am I?” she asked.“You just destroyed the school?s skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica.“I brought it home to help me with my health project.I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly.“They?re both crazy,” she thought.1.According to Jessica?s mother, “a skeleton in the closet” means ______.A.a family honor

B.a family secret C.a family story

D.a family treasure 2.What can we learn about some Australians? ancestors form Paragraph 2?

A.They were brought to Australia as prisoners.B.They were the earliest people living in Australia.C.They were involved in some crimes in Australia.D.They were not regarded as criminals in their days.3.Jessica?s mother fell down into a faint because she was ______.A.knocked

B.frightened

C.injured

D.surprised 4.Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home? A.She was curious about it.B.She planned to keep it for fun.C.She needed it for her school task.D.She intended to scare her parents.5.Jessica?s parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because ______.A.they were crazy B.they were over excited C.they realized their misunderstanding D.they both thought they had won the quarrel

B

“I didn't hear them call my name,” explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens(AT)as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004.“Are you ready?” is what she heard.Then she said, “I shook my head no, and then they said? yes? and it was announced again.”

It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana----she was still on cloud nine．

“I was so shocked!I never believed that it could actually really happen.” Present in the audience that day were: her mother and father, older brother, her friends, and her dance teacher.Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete（比賽）．“She's always been my role model．I've danced with her since I was six.She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all.I've learned to get over bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her.” One of those bad life's experiences for Shelley happened three years ago when her brother Brad was killed in a drunk driving accident.He was 18.She found writing helped her get through the rough days.She said, “I write a lot about my brother.I write a lot, a lot, a lot...”

As Miss Louisiana Teen, she traveled around the state speaking to teens about the dangers of drinking and driving.In her role as Miss Teen USA, Sheiley will continue to speak to youth about safe driving, in addition to many other things to help the youth.When AT asked Miss Teen USA if she had any advice for our readers, she said, ”Don't let anyone change you.Hang out with people that make you feel good about yourself.That way, it is easy to be yourself.“ 6.What do the words ”on cloud nine" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.frightened B.troubled C.very happy D.very angry 7.Shelley takes her dance teacher as a role model mainly because she is_____.A.determined

B.friendly

C.strict

D.experienced 8.How many children did the Hennigs have according to the text?

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4 9.What did Shelley often do after she became Miss Louisiana Teen?

A.She visited drunken drivers.B.She gave dance performances.C.She made speeches on safe driving.D.She helped other teens with their studies.10.What suggestion does Shelley give to the teens?

A.Be yourself with the support of friends.B.Meet friends whenever possible.C.Go easy on yourself and others.D.Have a good role model.

第四篇：英語能力訓(xùn)練3

英語能力訓(xùn)練3 閱讀理解（每小題2分）

A Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one’s life.Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure.So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast.Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news.Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting(省略)breakfast.“Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E.Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”

Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups.“The literature,” says one researcher, Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.” 41.The main idea of the passage is that _______.A.breakfast has nothing to do with people’s health

B.a good breakfast used to be important to us C.breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car D.breakfast is not as important as we thought before 42.For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.A.several studies have been done in the past few years B.the omission of breakfast has little effect on one’s work

C.grown-ups have especially made studies in this field D.eating little in the morning is good for health 43.The underlined part “nor does giving people breakfast improve work” means _______.A.people without breakfast can improve their work B.not giving people breakfast improves work C.having breakfast does not improve work, either D.people having breakfast do improve their work, too

44.The word “l(fā)iterature” in the last sentence refers to _______.A.stories, poems, play, etc

B.written works on a particular subject C.newspaper articles

D.the modern literature of America 45.What is implied but not stated by the author is that _______.A.breakfast does not affect work B.Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learning C.not eating breakfast might affect the health of children D.Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London

閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。首先請閱讀下列關(guān)于幾次事故描述的短文：

A．A car hit a truck.It flew into the air and landed on its side.Petrol was coming from the car and a small fire was burning near the engine.The driver was not moving and there was a bleeding cut on the leg.There was also a passenger beside him.B．A boy fell through the ice.He disappeared under the water for a moment and then came back up.He screamed for help and waved his hands.He tried to get out of the water, but it was too difficult because he was wearing heavy clothes which were all wet.C．There was smoke everywhere and flames came from some rooms.Many people screamed and ran out of the hotel.But there were still some people who couldn’t get out of the rooms because of the big fire.D．A man was lying on the floor.There was a bottle of pills next to him.I could not tell if he was alive.E．A man received an electric shock.He was lying on the floor, faintly and palely.He breathed rapidly with a fast but weak heartbeat.F．A boy was sitting there and cried loudly.His arm was wounded by the broken glass of the door.It was bleeding badly.He could do nothing but cry with the other hand waving.閱讀下面援助人的口述，然后與上文進(jìn)行匹配：

（）1.Zhang Qiang: I tried to get response of the man and then checked if he was breathing.When I found that he was almost unconscious, I used a gentle way to wake him up and placed him in a recovery position and stayed with him.（）2.Li Hua: I found that he was screaming and holding his leg, because he was in much pain.We put him comfortably on his back and looked at his leg.It was broken.（）3.Xu Xiang: I found that a man was lying on the ground so I pulled him out to a safe place.But I found that he had no breath.Then I tried to start his breathing again, using the mouth-to-mouth.（）4.Zhao Ling: I kept the patient lying down with the legs higher than the head.Then I raised the lower part of the body on a rolled up packet.Make him as comfortable as possible, loosening his tight clothing, and comfort him.（）5.Fang Nan: I walked slowly towards him and tried to pull him out with the help of others.Then I took off my coat and covered him to keep warm.I found that his arm was bleeding.So I put a handkerchief on the wound.

第五篇：反應(yīng)能力練習(xí)(體育)

反應(yīng)能力練習(xí)（體育）

活動(dòng)目標(biāo)

1、引導(dǎo)幼兒積極、主動(dòng)參加體育活動(dòng)，養(yǎng)成聽指揮、守紀(jì)律的好習(xí)慣。

2、在走、跑、跳等體育活動(dòng)中訓(xùn)練幼兒的反應(yīng)能力。

活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)備

長凳四條，哨子一枚，紙板老鼠若干，磁帶、錄音機(jī)、色膠、剪刀、電池等。活動(dòng)過程

（一）準(zhǔn)備部分：

組織幼兒自由站位，聽音樂跟著老師做準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)。

起踵步—雙手壓手腕—雙手前平舉擴(kuò)胸—向后拉臂、前后環(huán)臂—雙手上引側(cè)腰—腹背運(yùn)動(dòng)—活動(dòng)膝關(guān)節(jié)—活動(dòng)踝關(guān)節(jié)—快速蹲站—高抬腿小跑步

（二）基本部分：

1、通過《闖關(guān)》活動(dòng)，在走、跑、跳等體育活動(dòng)中訓(xùn)練幼兒的反應(yīng)能力。

（1）第一關(guān)。聽哨聲信號跟著老師做動(dòng)作。（A：跟著老師做動(dòng)作；B：幼兒自由做動(dòng)作；C：幼兒自由選擇走、跑、跳等任何方式按指定方向觸物返回。）幼兒自由站位，要求幼兒在聽到哨聲信號后做出停或繼續(xù)的動(dòng)作反應(yīng)。（一聲短哨聲動(dòng)，兩聲短哨聲停）例如：原地踏步、并步右（左）移、單腳站立、后退走、足尖步蹲走、行進(jìn)跳、行進(jìn)跑、旋轉(zhuǎn)等。

（2）第二關(guān)。聽哨聲信號沿箭頭方向換位置，并同時(shí)聽語言口令觸摸自己身體某一部位。（鼻子、眼睛、腳尖等）幼兒分成四組，分別跨坐與四條長凳上，在聽到哨聲信號后做出向另一組跑動(dòng)或不跑動(dòng)的動(dòng)作反應(yīng)。（一聲短哨聲跑，兩聲短哨聲不跑）

（3）第三關(guān)。按固定信號做出逃跑坐位置或抓人的動(dòng)作反應(yīng)。（固定信號可由教師規(guī)定或讓幼兒自由選擇哨聲、數(shù)字、手勢、顏色等）幼兒成兩列橫隊(duì)面對面站好，選擇好本組的固定信號。當(dāng)聽到老師發(fā)出信號時(shí)，立刻做出逃跑或抓人的動(dòng)作反應(yīng)。回位信號：一聲長哨聲。

2、復(fù)習(xí)翻跳，要求雙手撐直、雙腳并跳。

（1）幼兒自由在長凳或線上練習(xí)翻跳，教師巡回指導(dǎo)。

（2）游戲《踩老鼠》。

幼兒成兩路縱隊(duì)站在起跑線前，聽到哨聲信號后各組第一位幼兒同時(shí)向前跑去，依次翻跳過四跳長凳后至“老鼠窩”處踩一腳“老鼠”，然后從兩旁跑回隊(duì)伍后。每組幼兒魚貫進(jìn)行。

（三）結(jié)束部分：（將上圖長凳擺成口字型）

1、組織幼兒坐在長凳上跟著音樂做放松運(yùn)動(dòng)。

行進(jìn)甩手臂—行進(jìn)深呼吸—甩手腕—抖腿—放松大腿—放松小腿等。

2、教師小結(jié)。交待課后要求：洗手、喝水、擦汗、換衣服。

《反應(yīng)能力練習(xí)（體育）》