第一篇：99-2014年倒裝句高考題及補充練習

1999-2014年高考題倒裝專項匯編

2014年

（2014大綱卷）26._____ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A.Not do onlyB.Do not onlyC.Only not doD.Not only do

（2014福建卷）32.no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A.Were thereB.Had there beenC.If there areD.If there have been（2014湖南卷）29.Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others.A.will you keepB.you will keepC.you kept D.did you keep

（2014陜西卷）17.No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous

applause.A.had Mo YanB.Mo Yan hadC.has Mo YanD.Mo Yan has

（2014天津卷）15.________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A.Did he catchB.should be catchC.has he caughtD.Had he caught

Key:DAAAD

2013年

【2013新課標II卷】12.Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percentproperly in this hospital.A.can be the patients B.can the patients be treated C.the patients can be treatedD.treated can be the patients

【2013江西】25.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ____to him again.A.I will speakB.will I speakC.do I speakD.I speak

【2013遼寧】26.At no time______ the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.A.they actually broke B.do they actually break C.did they actually breakD.they had actually broken

【2013福建】34.Not until he went through real hardship _____ the love we have for our families is important.A.had he realizedB.did he realizeC.he realizedD.he had realized

【2013湖南】35.Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A.occurred itB.it did occurC.it occurredD.did it occur

【2013江蘇】27.“Never for a second ,”the boy says, “_______that my father would come to my rescue.”

A.I doubtedB.do I doubtC.I have doubtedD.did I doubt

Key：BBCBDD

2012 年

【2012重慶】33.The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ______it a thought.A.does he even giveB.he even givesC.will he even giveD.he will even give

【2012天津】6.Only after Mary read her composition the second time ____ the spelling mistake.A.did she noticeB.she noticedC.does she noticeD.she has noticed

【2012江西】32.Never before _____ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A.had sheB.she hadC.has sheD.she has

【2012遼寧】32.Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ____ having a holiday abroad.A.he had consideredB.had he consideredC.he consideredD.did he consider

【2012四川】5.This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story.My story plays out differently.A.is there

B.there isC.is itD.it is

Key： CACDC

2011年

1.2011·全國新課標卷28Only when he reached the tea-houseit was the same place he’d been in last year.A.he realizedB.he did realizeC.realized heD.did he realize2.2011·湖南卷32 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______a decision.A.they reachedB.did theyreachC.they reachD.do they reach

Key：DB

2010年

（10江西）33 Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.A did he beginB had he begunC he beganD he had begun

（10四川）9．We laugh at jokes，but seldomabout how they work．

A．we thinkB．think weC．we do thinkD．do we think

（10江蘇）33.—Is everyone here?

—Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!A.comeB.comes C.is comingD.are coming（重慶）33.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie

（10湖北）71.Only if people of all the countries are united ________（我們才能解決）the existing problems in the world.(solve)

Key：ADA can we solve/will we be able to solve

年

1.(09福建25)For a moment nothing happened.Then _____ all shouting together.A.voices had comeB.came voicesC.voices would comeD.did voices come

2.(09海南31)The computer was used in teaching.As a result, not only _________, but students became

more interested in the lessons.A.saved was teachers’ energyB.was teachers’ energy saved

C.teachers’ energy was savedD.was saved teachers’ energy

3.(09山東27)So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.A.did the attackB.the attack didC.was the attackD.the attack was

4.(09陜西18)Little ________ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A.did Rose careB.Rose did careC.Rose does careD.does Rose care

5.(09四川16)Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.A.Mum did goB.did Mum goC.went MumD.Mum went

Key：BBCAB

99-08年

1.So much of interest ______________that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all． 08上海A．offers BeijingB．Beijing offersC．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer

2.Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _______________． 08遼寧

A．I was neitherB．neither was IC．I was eitherD．either was I

3.______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.08江蘇

A.only if;will youB.Only if;you willC.Unless;will youD.Unless;you will

4.Seldom____________ video games ever since they entered college.08湖北

A.they have playedB.they playedC.have they playedD.they have played

5.It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.08江西

A.the residents would be permittedB.had the residents been permitted

C.would the residents be permittedD.the residents had been permitted

6.Only when I left my parents for Italy _______________how much I loved them． 08重慶

A．I realizedB．I had realizedC．had I realizedD．did I realize

7.Not until the motorbike looked almost newrepairing and cleaning it.08陜西

A.he stoppedB.did he stopC.stopped heD.he did stop

8.If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party_________.07全國2

A.he will eitherB.neither will heC.he neither willD.either he will

9.---How was the televised debate last night?---Super!Rarely ______ so much media attention.07上海A.a debate attractedB.did a debate attract C.a debate did attractD.attracted a debate

10.I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now.07遼寧

A.have I feltB.I had feltC.I have feltD.Had I felt

11.－My room gets very cold at night.－_________.07江蘇

A.So is mineB.So mine isC.So does mineD.So mine does

12.Little __________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.07安徽A.he realizedB.be didn’t realize C.didn’t he realizeD.did he realize

13.________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.07陜西

A.So successful her business wasB.So successful was her business

C.So her business was successfulD.So was her successful business

14.—Did Linda see the traffic accident?—No, no sooner _____than it happened.06天津

A.had she goneB.she had goneC.has she goneD.she has gone

15.Just in front of our house ___ with a history of 1,000 years.06上海

A.does a tall tree stand B.stands a tall tree C.a tall tree is standingD.a tall tree stands

16.---It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?----Yes.________yesterday.06福建

A.So was itB.So it wasC.So it isD.So is it

17.So difficultit to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.06廣東

A.I did findB.did I findC.I have foundD.have I found

18.——I reminded you not to forget the appointment.——.06江西

A.So you didB.So I do notC.So did youD.So do I

19.Never in my wildest dreamsthese people are living in such poor conditions． 06安徽

A．I could imagineB．could I imagineC．I couldn’t imagineD．couldn’t I imagine

20.At the foot of the mountain _______.06四川

A.a village lieB.lies a villageC.does a village lieD.lying a village

21.I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means _____with my progress.06重慶

A.the teacher is not satisfiedB.is the teacher not satisfied

C.the teacher is satisfiedD.is the teacher satisfied

22.Only then___________ how much damage had been caused.06陜西

A.she realizedB.she had realizedC.had she realizedD.did she realize

23.Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.05全國2

A．so does JohnB．John does tooC．John doesn’t tooD．nor does John

24.They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.05天津

A.haveB.didC.hadD.do

25.Never before _______in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.05上海

A.has this city beenB.this city has beenC.was this cityD.this city was

26.—Well.I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.—_____________.06遼寧A．So it is B．So is itC．So does itD．So it does

27.In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns.05遼寧

A．stand many lakes B．lie many lakesC．many lakes lieD．many lakes stand

28.______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.05江蘇

A.so curious the couple wasB.So curious were the couple

C.How curious the couple wereD.The couple was such curious

29.Only after my friend came _________05福建

A．did the computer repairB．he repaired the computer

C．was the computer repairedD．the computer was repaired

30.—Father ,you promised!—Well,_______.But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.05湖北A．so was IB．so did IC．so I wasD．so I did

31.－Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.－ ______, and so did I.05安徽

A.So she hadB.So had sheC.So she didD.So did she

32.－I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!－______.04全國1A.Nor am I

B.Neither would IC.Same with meD.So do I

33.______ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.04上海A.Not only they broughtB.Not only did they bring

C.Not only brought theyD.Not only they did bring

34.Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else______ such a beautiful palace.04遼寧A.can you find B.you could findC.you can findD.could you find

35.Of the making of good books there is no end;neither___ any end to their influence on man’s lives

A.there isＢ.there areC.is thereD.are there

36.I failed in the final examination last term and only then______ the importance of studies.04重慶A.I realizedB.I had realizedC.had I realizedD.did I realize

37.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______with each other.03全國

A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreled C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled

38.Only when your identity has been checked，.03上海

A.you are allowed in B.you will be allowed inC.will you allow inD.will you be allowed in

39.Only in this way________ to make improvement in the operating system.03上海春招

A.you can hopeB.you did hopeC.can you hopeD.did you hope

40.—You forgot your purse when you went out.—Good heavens，______.02上海

A.so did IB.so I didC.I did soD.I so did

41.Since you have repaired my Tv set,___ is no need for me to buy a new one.A.itB.thereC.thisD.that

42.Not only ______interested in football but _______ beginning to show an interest in it.02上海

A.the teacher himself is；all his students areB.the teacher himself is；are all his students

C.is the teacher himself；are all his studentsD.is the teacher himself；all his students are

43.So difficult______ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.01上海A.I have feltB.have I feltC.I did feelD.did I feel

44.What would have happened________, as far as the river bank? 01上海

A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk farther

C.had Bob walked fartherD.if Bob walked farther

45.Only when the war was over_______ to his hometown.01上海

A.did the young soldier returnB.the young soldier returned

C.returned the young soldierD.the young soldier did return

46.______can you expect to get a pay rise.01京皖蒙

A．With hard workB．Although work hardC．Only with hard workD．Now that he works hard

47.Not a single song______at yesterday’s party.2000年上海

A.she sangB.sang sheC.did she singD.she did sing

48.I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in all my life ________ so happy!2000年京皖蒙

A.did I feelB.I feltC.I had feltD.had I felt

49.---It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.---My God!______.99上海A.So did I B.So I didC.So were youD.So did you

50.Little___ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A.did Rose careB.Rose did careC.Rose does careD.does Rose care

補充練習1.If you don't go，neither ____.A.shall I B.do I C.I do D.I shall

2--Here ____!Where is Xiao Liu?

There ____.A.comes the bus，is he B.comes the bus, he is

C.the bus comes，is he D.the bus comes，he is

3.I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.If your wife _____，so _____ mine.A.does，will B.will，does C.will，would D.does，do

Key:1-10:CBACCDBBBA11-20 CDBAB ABABB21-30DDDDAABBCD

31-40CBBACDCDCB41-50 BDDCACCDBA

1-3ABA

第二篇：高中過去分詞與倒裝句練習

過去分詞與倒裝句習題精選

¤過去分詞

1.The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B.C., didn’t include women until 1912.A.first playing

B.to be first played

C.first played

D.to be playing 2.What’s the language ___ in Germany?

A.speaking

B.spoken

C.be spoken

D.to speak 3.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited

B.to invite

C.being invited

D.had been invited 4.The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open

B.opening

C.having opened D.opened

5.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written

B.to be written

C.being written

D.written

6.The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.A.being tied

B.having tied

C.to be tied

D.tied 7.When _____ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important.A.asked

B.asking

C.having asked

D.being asked 8.Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _____ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it.A.advertises

B.advertising

C.advertised

D.to advertise 9.The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.(全國 2002)A.begins

B.having begun

C.Beginning

D.begun 10._____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.(上海 2002)A.Exposed

B.Having exposed

C.Being exposed

D.After being exposed

11.Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002 北京春)A.are bought

B.bought C.been bought

D.buying 12.When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.(2004 全國卷II)A.introducing

B.introduced

C.introduce

D.being introduced 13._____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(湖北 2004)A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared

14.When _____ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”(福建 2005)A.offering

B.to offer

C.to be offered

D.offered

15._____ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.(四川 2006)A.Faced

B.Face

C.Facing

D.To face 16._____ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.(浙江 2007)A.Driven

B.Being driven

C.To drive

D.Having driven

17.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _____ every day.(四川 2007)A.watered

B.watering

C.water

D.to water 18._____ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.(陜西 2008)A.Having shown

B.To be shown C.Having been shown

D.To show ¤倒裝句

1.______ find out what had happened.A.Until he woke up did he

B.Until he woke up to

C.Not until did he wake up he D.Not until he woke up did he 2.Little ______ about his own health though he was very ill.A.he cared

B.he cares

C.does he care

D.did he care 3.Early in the day ______ the news ______ the enemy were gone.A.come, that

B.came, that

C.comes, that

D.came, what 4.Not only ______ strict with us, but also ______ for us.A.was the teacher;did he care

B.was the teacher;he cared

C.the teacher was;did he care

D.the teacher was;did he care 5.______, he knows a lot of English.A.Child as he is

B.As he is a child

C.A child as he is

D.Child though he was 6.Be quick!______.A.Here comes the bus

B.The bus here comes

C.The bus come here

D.Here the bus comes 7.If you want to go there, ______.A.so will I

B.so I will

C.I will so

D.so do I 8.In front of the farmhouse ______.A.does a small boy sit

B.did a small boy sit

C.sit a small boy

D.sat a small boy 9.Here ______.A.does he come

B.he comes

C.comes he

D.he come 10.Only ______ that.A.can a doctor do

B.a doctor can do

C.can do a doctor

D.can a doctor does 11.Not even once ______ a lie.A.has Mike told

B.Mike has told

C.had Mike told

D.Mike had told 12.Up ______ into the air.A.went the arrow

B.the arrow went

C.did the arrow go

D.does the arrow go 13.—Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

—I don’t, ______.A.nor don’t I care

B.nor do I care

C.I don’t care neither

D.I don’t care also

14.Not until several years ago _________ how serious the pollution was.A.people did realize

B.people realize

C.didn’t people realize

D.did people realize

第三篇：倒裝句

倒裝句（賓語前置；狀語后置；定語后置；主語后置）

（一）、賓語前置

1、否定句中代詞賓語前置

這類賓語前置，要具備兩個條件：一是賓語必須是代詞；二是必須是否定句，由“不”、“未”、“毋”、“莫”等否定詞表示。在這種情況下，代詞賓語要放在動詞之前和否定詞之后。例如：

《碩鼠》：“三歲貫汝，莫我肯顧?！薄澳铱项櫋睉斫獬伞澳项櫸摇?。

忌不自信《鄒忌諷齊王納諫》〈戰國策〉

然而不王者，未之有也?！豆讶酥趪病贰疵献印?/p>

句讀之不知，惑之不解，或師焉，或不（否）焉。（之，賓語提前的標志）《師說》

古之人不余欺也！《石鐘山記》蘇軾

不吾知其亦已兮，茍（只要）余情其信芳（美好）?！峨x騷》屈原

東望愁泣，若不自勝?！读銈鳌防畛?/p>

見大王愛女牧羊于野，所（代詞，“之人”）不忍視。《柳毅傳》李朝威

是以后世無傳焉，臣未之聞也。《齊桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉

保民而王，莫之能御也?！洱R桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉

而良人未之知也。《齊人有一妻一妾》〈孟子〉

2、疑問句中代詞賓語前置

文言文中用疑問代詞“誰”、“何”、“奚”、“安”等做賓語時往往放在動詞的前面。

例如：《鴻門宴》：“良問曰：?大王來何操？?”“何操”應理解為“操何” 吾孰與徐公美？《鄒忌諷齊王納諫》〈戰國策〉

以五十步笑百步，則何如？ 《寡人之于國也》〈孟子〉

彼且奚適也？ 《逍遙游》〈莊子〉

彼且惡（何）乎待哉？ 《逍遙游》〈莊子〉

沛公安在？ 《鴻門宴》〈史記〉

夫晉，何厭之有？（之，賓語提前的標志）《燭之武退秦師》〈左傳〉

吾實為之，其又何尤（怨）？ 《祭十二郎文》韓愈

洞庭君安在哉？ 《柳毅傳》李朝威

無情郎安在？ 《柳毅傳》李朝威

3、介詞賓語提前： 在現代漢語中，介詞后面跟著賓語，組成介賓結構，用來修飾動詞謂語。在文言文中，介詞賓語往往置與介詞之前，形成一種倒置的現象。例如：

《岳陽樓記》：“臆！微斯人吾誰與歸？”“誰與歸”應理解為“與誰歸”。

一旦山陵崩，長安君何以自托于趙？ 《觸龍說趙太后》〈戰國策〉

不為者與不能者之形（情形）,何以異？ 《齊桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉

吾王庶幾無疾病與，何以能鼓樂也？何以能田（畋）獵也？ 《莊暴見孟子》〈孟子〉 不然，籍何以至此？ 《鴻門宴》〈史記〉

余是以記之?！妒娚接洝诽K軾

將子無怒，秋以為期。《衛風＆#8226;氓》〈詩經〉

是以區區不能廢遠。《陳情表》李密

是以君子遠庖廚也?！洱R桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉

奚以知其然也？ 《逍遙游》〈莊子〉

4、特殊結構：用“之”、“是”將賓語提前。

前世不同教，何古之法？(效法哪一個古代)

宋何罪之有？(宋國有什么罪過？)惟命是聽（成語）

惟利是圖（成語）

惟馬首是瞻 《馮婉貞》

惟兄嫂是依 《祭十二郎文》韓愈

惟你是問。

5、普通賓語前置

在一般性的賓語前置中，大家要注意語感。

賓語前置總結

文言文中，動詞或介詞的賓語，一般置于動詞或介詞之后，但在一定條件下，賓語會前置，其條件是：

第一、疑問句中，疑問代詞作賓語，賓語前置。這類句子，介詞的賓語也是前置的。如：“沛公安在？”（《史記．項羽本記》）這種類型的句子關鍵是作賓語的疑問代詞（像：誰、何、奚、曷、胡、惡、安、焉等）。值得注意的是，介詞“以”的賓語比較活躍，即使不是疑問代詞，也可以前置。如：“余是以記之，以俟觀人風者得焉?！保谠恫渡哒哒f》）其中的“是”是一般代詞，但也前置了。

第二、文言否定句中，代詞作賓語，賓語前置。這類句子有兩點要注意，一是否定句（一般句中必須有“不”、“未”“毋”、“無”、“莫”等否定詞）；二是代詞作賓語。如：“時人莫之許也。”（陳壽《三國志．諸葛亮傳》）正常語序應該是“時人莫許之也。”

第三、用“之”或“是”把賓語提前取動詞前，以突出強調賓語。這時的“之”只是賓語前置的標志，沒有什么實在意義。如：“句讀之不知，惑之不解?！保n愈《師說》）有時，還可以在前置的賓語前加上一個范圍副詞“唯”，構成“唯......是......”的格式。如：“唯利是圖”、“唯命是從”等。

第四、介詞賓語前置的情況除了第一種情況外，還有一種情況，就是方位詞、時間詞作賓語時，有時也前置；例如：“業文南向坐?！保ā妒酚洠椨鸨居洝罚┮馑际恰皹I文面向南坐?！?/p>

第五課時

教學內容：倒裝句----定語后置；狀語后置

教學目標：讓學生能夠判定什么是定語后置、狀語后置句子，并能準確翻譯出來。

教學實施過程：

（二）、定語后置：

在古漢語中將定語移置在中心詞之后的現象。定語后置一般有三種情況：

1）、中心詞+定語+者或中心詞+之+定語+者

楚人有涉江者。（《察今》）

石之鏗然有聲者，所在皆是也。（《石鐘山記》）

大閹之亂，縉紳而能不易其志者，四海之大，有幾人歟？ 《五人墓碑記》張溥

遂率子孫荷擔者三夫。《愚公移山》〈列子〉

2）、中心詞+之+形容詞（定語）

蚓無爪牙之利，筋骨之強，上食埃土，下飲黃泉，用心一也。（《勸學》）

帶長鋏之陸離兮，冠切云之崔嵬。（《涉江》）

四海之大，有幾人歟？

3）、中心詞+數量詞（定語）

馬之千里者，一食或盡粟一石。（《馬說》）

我持白璧一雙，欲獻項王；玉斗一雙，欲與亞父。（《鴻門宴》）

（三）、狀語后置：

現代漢語中狀語置于謂語之前，若置于位于之后便是補語。但在文言文中，處于補語的成分往往要以狀語來理解。例如：

《鴻門宴》：“將軍戰河北，臣戰河南?！薄皯鸷幽稀奔础皯穑ㄓ冢┖幽稀保瑧斫鉃椤坝诤幽蠎稹?。《促織》：“覆之以掌”即“以掌覆之”應理解為“用手掌覆蓋（蟋蟀）”。

另外，還有定語置于中心詞之后，修飾名詞的量詞放在名詞之后等特殊現象。

五畝之宅，樹之以桑，五十者可以衣帛矣 《寡人之于國也》〈孟子〉

謹庠序之教，申之以孝悌之義，頒白者可以不負戴于道路也《寡人之于國也》〈孟子〉 舉所佩玉抉以示之者三。《鴻門宴》〈史記〉

若亡鄭而有益于君，敢以煩執事?！稜T之武退秦師》〈左傳〉

雖董之以嚴刑，振（震）之以威怒 《諫太宗十思疏》魏征

孰與君少長？——與君孰少長？ 《鴻門宴》〈史記〉

青，取之于藍，而青于藍。《勸學》〈荀子〉

君子博學而日參省乎己。《勸學》〈荀子〉

生乎吾前，其聞道也固先乎吾，吾從而師之。《師說》韓愈

為壇而盟，祭以尉首。《陳涉世家》〈史記〉

靜女其姝，俟我于城隅?！囤L＆#8226;靜女》〈詩經〉

況吾與子漁樵于江渚之上。《赤壁賦》蘇軾

相與枕藉乎舟中，不知東方之既白。《赤壁賦》蘇軾

柱以白壁，砌以青玉，床以珊瑚，簾以水晶。《柳毅傳》李朝威

命坐于靈虛之下?！读銈鳌防畛?/p>

第六課時

教學內容：倒裝句----主語后置；固定句式

教學目標：讓學生能夠判定什么是主語后置；固定句式句子，并能準確翻譯出來。

教學實施過程：

（四）、主語后置：

為了強調謂語，有時將謂語置于主語之前。這僅僅是因為語言表達的需要。如，“甚矣，汝之不惠（慧）！”（《愚公移山》）另外，還有定語置于中心詞之后，修飾名詞的量詞放在名詞之后等特殊現象。例如：

甚矣，汝之不惠（慧）?！队薰粕健贰戳凶印?/p>

甚矣，烏紗之橫，皂隸之俗哉！《虎丘記》袁宏道

快哉此風?。ㄋ斡瘛讹L賦》）

“美哉,我少年中國。

五、固定句式

吾孰與徐公美？——孰與，與…比怎么樣 《鄒忌諷齊王納諫》〈戰國策〉

日食飲得無衰乎？——得無，該不會，表揣測的疑問詞 《觸龍說趙太后》〈戰國策〉

反復自念，得無教我獵蟲所耶？——得無，該不會，表揣測的疑問詞《促織》蒲松齡

求，無乃爾是過與（同“歟”，語氣詞）——無乃…與？恐怕…吧 《季氏將伐顓臾》〈論語〉

是社稷之臣也，何以伐為？——何（以）…為，表反問的句式，為什么要…呢

《季氏將伐顓臾》〈論語〉

故不積跬步,無以致千里；不積小流,無以致江海?！獰o以，沒有用來…的（辦法）

《勸學》〈荀子〉

奚以之九萬里而南為？——奚以…為，哪里用得著…呢，表反問 《逍遙游》〈莊子〉

山巒為晴雪所洗。——為…所…，表示被動關系 《諫太宗十思疏》魏征（課后題）

今日見辱問于長者。——見…于…，表被動的固定格式 《柳毅傳》李朝威

“他人之心，予忖度之?！薄蜃又^也。

聞道百，以為莫己若者，我之謂也。（《莊子＆#8226;秋水》）

——…之謂也，…說的就是…《齊桓晉文之事》〈孟子〉

不亦……乎 相當于“不是……嗎”

以為、以……為……意思是以為、認為、把……當作、用……做……。例如：

而陋者乃以斧斤考擊而求之，自以為得其實。（《石鐘山記》）

至丹以荊軻為計，始速禍焉。（《六國論》）

如……何 相當于“對……該怎么辦”

唯……是 “是”無意，起賓語提前作用；“唯”表示對象的唯一性

豈……哉（乎）、獨……哉意思是難道……嗎例如：

趙豈敢留璧而得罪于大王乎？

王侯將相寧有種乎?。ā蛾惿媸兰摇罚┡c其……孰若……、與其……寧……可譯為與其……不如（寧可）……

與其坐而待亡，孰若起而拯之。（《鴻門宴》）

與人刃我，寧自刃。（《魯仲連傳》）

與其……寧…… 相當于“與其……寧可……”

⑴“如……何”、“奈……何”、“若……何”。這是三個同義的說法。意思是“把……怎么樣”、“對……怎么辦”或“怎么對付(處置、安頓)……”。例如：

如太行、王屋何？(如何處理太行、王屋這兩座大山呢？)

奈并累若屬何？(把你們一起連累了可怎么辦呢？)

虞兮虞兮奈若何？(虞啊虞啊我拿你怎么辦呢？)

⑵“……孰與……”、“……何如……”。這兩種說法都是詢問比較的結果，用法相同。

公之視廉將軍孰與秦王？(你們看廉將軍和秦王相比，誰更厲害？)

吾孰與城北徐公美？(我和城北徐公相比，誰更美？)

汝意謂長安何如日遠？(長安和太陽相比，哪一個離得更遠？)

“孰與”、“何如”還可以用來詢問利害得失，或表示抉擇取舍。

救趙孰與勿救？(救趙與不救趙哪個有利？)

惟坐待亡，孰與伐之？(與其坐而待斃，哪如起而進攻他們？)

嶺南梅開早，何如北地春？

與“孰與”、“何如”這種用法相同的還有“孰若”、“孰如”、“何若”等。

⑶“不亦……乎？”可譯為：“不……嗎？”，“難道不……嗎？”

學而時習之，不亦樂乎？

有過不罪，無功受賞，雖亡，不亦可乎？

⑷“何(奚、曷)以(用)……為”“何以為”“何……為”。這是三個同義的說法，可譯為“哪里用得著……呢？”、“還要……干什么呢？”

吾有車而使人不敢借，何以車為？

世方亂，安以富為？

上岸擊賊，洗足入船，何用塢為？

勝自磨劍，人問曰：“何以為？”(磨劍干什么呢？)

如今人方為刀俎，我為魚肉，何辭為？

吾英王，奚跪為？(我是英王，為什么要給你下跪呢？)⑸“何……之為”。這個格式的意思是“還算得上……”、“還談得上什么……”、“還說什么……”。

秦不哀吾喪而伐吾同姓，秦則無禮，何施之為？(還談得上什么恩惠呢？)

國仇未報，何以家為？

何以名為？臣夫桑下之餓人也？

⑹“得無”、“無乃”?！暗脽o”又寫作“得毋”、“得微”、“得非”等，意思是“該不會”、“莫不是”、“只怕是”、“豈不是”、“莫非”等。

得無教我獵蟲所耶？

日飲食得無衰乎？

得毋有病乎？

“無乃”又寫作“毋乃”、“非乃”、“不乃”，意思是“豈不是”、“莫非是”、“恐怕要”等。

求，無乃爾是過歟？(恐怕要責備你吧？)

師勞力竭，遠主備之，無乃不可乎？(恐怕不可以吧？)

今君王既棲于會稽之上，然后乃求謀臣，無乃后乎？(豈不是晚了點嗎？)

固定句式總結

固定格式也叫固定結構，或者凝固結構。它的語法特點就是由一些不同詞性的詞凝結在一起，固定成為一種句法格式，表達一種新的語法意義，世代沿用，約定俗成，經久不變。它的分類可按表達語氣的種類分為四種：

第一種：表陳述語氣常用的有：有以（有......用來）、無以（沒有......用來）、有所（有.....的）、無所（沒有......的）、比及（等到......的時候）、為......所。

第二種：表疑問語氣常用的有：奈何（怎么辦）、何如（怎么樣）、如......休（把......怎么樣）、得無......耶（大概......吧、恐怕......吧）等。

第三種：表感嘆語氣常用的有：何其（多么）、一何（何等、多么）、何......之（怎么......這樣?。┑?。

第四種：表反問語氣常用的有：無乃......乎（恐怕、只怕）、不亦......乎（不是......嗎）、得無......乎（難道......嗎）、孰與、孰若（跟......相......）何......為（為什么......呢

第四篇：補充練習翻譯

第二章答案

2.1 定語

基礎練習

1）The organization has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work.2）It would be the worn, fading envelope she kept for so long.3）People there like singing and dancing.4）A portly, unshaven young man in a stocking cap and dark nylon jacket emerged from the shrub by the parking pad and put his pistol between my eyes.5）Time is treated as if it were something almost real.6）It ended tax favors that had encouraged clearing of the Amazon rain forest, and agreed to a

plan to finance new forest protection projects.7）A world with human clones was suddenly within reach.8）The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well.9）The few remaining working lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disaster。

10）Lacking the culturally acceptable symbols of belonging in this setting, we became, to a degree, objects, with less inherent dignity as persons.提高練習：

? 1.On this committee alone there are three women.2.Britain was the first Western power to recognize People’s China.3.The doctor did everything necessary to save the patient.4.If you’ve got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and have it out with him.5.He is the only one suitable for the job.6.He is always the first to come.7.He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury.8.He had made a thorough study of all the dialects spoken in Scotland.9.Thousands of red, beautiful roses that blossom almost at the same time make the park the great resort of people in spring.10.A developed agricultural system with a rational distribution and all-round development of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline occupations and fisheries meeting the needs of the people and of an expanding industry.2.2 狀語

基礎練習：

1.But with such a large population base, the country must still convert millions more to the idea of birth control if it is to reach its population targets.2.Instead of congratulations upon hearing our news, he counseled her to be really sure she was doing the right thing.3.They will spend 10 months of their lives studying abroad, far from their families.4.At the end of each semester, as long as the students pass final exams, American authorities grant a certificate.5.The youngsters frequently show their lack of practice at such things.? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? 6.Over time, people starve themselves of both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking their children, eventually killing themselves.7.Learn to be less hostile by changing some of your attitudes and negative thinking everyday.8.In India in the meantime, the entire education system has shifted gears to feed the appetite of the American computer industry.9.The man was a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds from Scotland Yard.10.The first Hyde public school program opened in Bath, Maine, in September 1992.提高練習1.I met him in Beijing last year.2.I quite agree with you 3.White clouds sailed gently in the sky.4.This reaction was carried out in a vacuum yesterday.5.He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjin.6.He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.7.He is running fast enough.8.Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden.9.Other researchers have generated much more intense magnetic fields, but only by using explosions that literally destroyed their devices.10.There is a tourist attraction called Yao Lin which you can reach in about three hours by going southwest by tourist bus from Hangzhou.第三章答案

? 3.1 倍數的表達

? 基礎練習

? 1.His hands, four times as large, reached out slowly and held them as though they were

holding up two tiny birds.? 2.Their house is about three times as big as ours.? 3.The fee is typically two to four times as much as for calls made over fixed lines.? 提高練習

? 1This thermal power plant is four times larger than that one.? 2Iron is almost three times as heavy as aluminum.? 3.The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.? 4.Laser shooting light through glass fiber can transmit 250,000 times as much data as a

standard telephone wire.3.2 否定句

基礎練習

? 1.If I did agree, I certainly wouldn't look at my feet or at the ceiling.? 2.Neither ever asked “Whose job is this?” or asserted “That is not my responsibility!”

? 3.Like no other plague before, the AIDS epidemic threatens to wipe out an entire

generation and leave another without parents.? 4.I don't think her music is so terrible.? 5.You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was.? 6.This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers

you.? 7.People in Beijing must be thinking I was enjoying myself here in the richest country in

the world.? 8.Nothing says love like a dozen long-stemmed roses on Valentine's Day.? 9.Before long, people were coming to his shop for sandwiches more than for meat.? 10.Instead of using early-stage embryo cells, he used cells from the udder of an adult? 提高練習

? 1.He is far from being honest.? 2.The last thing I would do is to lie to you.? 3.He doesn’t care about his position or salary.? 4.I know none of you.? 5.I failed to persuade（in persuading)her．

? 6.He can't have finished his dinner.? 7.Nobody can come in without permission.? 8.He is more dead than alive.? 9.There's a lot more to life than a job.? 10.He is the last person I would like to vote for.

第五篇：詞匯補充練習

補充練習分析題

一、語義場

1.給下列各詞找到適當的上位詞、下位詞和四個類義詞。（1）農民

（2）金屬（3）閱讀(4)樹（5）牛 2.請給下列語義場進行歸類。

（1）夏—商—周—??元—明—清（2）星期一—星期二—??星期天（3）南—北

（4）立春—雨水—驚蟄—??冬至—小寒—大寒（5）美—丑

（6）老板—職員

（7）源頭—上游—中游—下游—河口（8）忽然——突然——猛然（9）生—死

3.“干凈”和“清潔”在什么意義上是同義詞，在什么意義上不是同義詞？ 4.請辨析下列各組同義詞。

（1）惦記——惦念（2）侵占——侵犯（3）毛病——缺點（4）氣派——氣度（5）布匹——布

（6）鼓動——煽動（7）輕視——鄙視（8）災難——災荒（9）掛彩——負傷（10）擔任——擔負（11）局面——場面（12）保護——庇護

5.指出下列成語中的同義詞和反義詞。

家喻戶曉

七上八下

你追我趕

龍飛鳳舞

死去活來

棄暗投明

取長補短

無獨有偶

此起彼伏

橫沖直撞

博古通今

東搖西擺

苦盡甘來

新陳代謝 6.辨析下列各組成語。

（1）成群結隊——三五成群（2）大張旗鼓——雷厲風行（3）當仁不讓——義不容辭（4）風流云散——煙消云散

7.舉例分析下列幾組詞在哪些義項上構成反義關系，哪些沒有？（可借助詞典）細——粗

厚——薄

開——關

新——老

8.請從下列每組詞中找出反義詞。

（1）永久

耐用

永別

短少

停止

臨時（2）人格

高尚

品德

卑賤

卑鄙

貴重（3）喜好

喜歡

興趣

滿意

討厭

悲觀（4）處分

懲罰

教訓

責備

獎賞

贊揚 9.下列各詞是否是反義詞關系？為什么？（1）天堂——遭罪（2）愛護——庇護（3）戰爭——光明（4）老師——學生

二、詞義和語境的關系

1.改正下列各句中用的不恰當的詞語。（1）你上吊，你跳河，你賣兒賣女，你凍死餓死，他都不動聲色，他只管自己的腰包塞滿了沒有，哪管你的死活。

（2）對于投機倒把分子，我們不能采取自由主義態度，當然更不能隨波逐流。（3）蓋叫天系河北高陽縣人，雖出身北方，卻常居南方。（4）我們必需出色地完成自己的任務。

2.借助現代漢語詞典，判斷下列句子中的“打”各應歸入哪一義項。（1）老王打一退休就在街道處擔任黨支部書記。（2）這個事情，不管誰來打聽，我都不會說。（3）我們還沒有買房子的打算。

（4）他結婚的時候，父母給他打了一套家具。

（5）咱們要千萬小心，不能讓他發現了，否則到時候雞飛蛋打，你我面子上都不好看。

（6）他們兄弟兩個，很會打仗。

（7）遇見了他，別忘了替我打個招呼。

（8）這次進山，沒有打到什么好東西，只有這兩只獐子（9）文革時，許多老知識分子，都被打成了右派。（10）他們家在門前打了一口井。

（11）我打心眼兒里瞧不上他的行為做派。（13）你每天給他打幾個電話？

3.在錢鐘書的《圍城》中有這樣一段描述鮑小姐的話“有人叫她`熟食鋪子`（charcuterie），因為只有熟食店會把那許多顏色暖熱的肉公開陳列；又有人叫她`真理`，因為據說`真理`是`赤裸裸的`。”這里的“熟食鋪子”和“真理”都有特殊的含義，請問是什么意思？

4.歸納下面一組復合詞中“厚”的意義。

忠厚、厚愛、厚此薄彼、得天獨厚、厚古薄今、厚道、寬厚、優厚、深厚、敦厚、厚度、厚望、厚葬、無可厚非、厚禮、厚顏無恥、厚待、厚誼

5.根據下面句子歸納“活”的義項，并指出哪些屬于活[1]，哪些屬于活[2]。(1)魚兒離開了水就無法存活。(2)這一段寫得很活。(3)這孩子說話活像大人。(4)他身子不好，不能干重活。(5)活到老,學到老。(6)這批活做得好。(7)我買了一本活頁筆記本。(8)偵察兵活捉了敵人的一個舌頭。

(9)他還要養家活口。(10)他這樣作很出活。(11)這里的水都是活水。

三、現代漢語詞匯的構成

1.請鑒別下列詞語，指出它們各自不同的來源。

社稷

經濟

二百五

曲奇

試婚

手術

熊市

買單

炒魷魚

打工

金婚

王子

基因

套牢

克隆

牛市

革命

美術

閣下

公主

診斷

教授

儲君

干部

齷齪

王后

紙婚

及第給力

隱婚

洞房

2.請以“啤酒”和“咖啡”為例說明外來詞中“啤”和“咖”已經漢語語素化了。3.下列各詞，哪些是基本詞，哪些是一般詞。

（1）眼睛

（2）民工

（3）鞋

（4）民國

（5）最

（6）萬

（7）京劇

（8）高爾基

（9）轉化

（10）天安門

4、請分析下列外來詞的形成方式（10分）：

啤酒

CT

B超

民主

俱樂部

冰淇淋

足球

戈壁

蘇維埃

邏輯

夾克

卡介苗

沙龍

沙文主義

MTV 蘇打

卡片

5.請從下列句子中找出外來詞、古語詞、方言詞、行業詞。（1）同學聚會，我們總會打撲克。

（2）有的人長期筑底走不出盤局，無法突破自我。（3）黨委書記要當好二傳手。

（4）今年，學校舉行的圣誕派對非常成功。（5）這家酒樓的菜味道不錯。

（6）醫生建議她長期服用維他命，不能吃一頓落一頓。（7）這次高考省狀元是我們縣有名的才子。

（8）自從那件事過后，兩人見面都會覺得尷尬，漸漸地，竟不常聯系了。（9）推出產品要把握市場節奏，善于打時間差。

6.下列各詞本都是方言詞，現在哪些可以看做是基本詞？

啥

墜雨

胰皂

別扭

把戲

陌生

垃圾

名堂

橄欖

公雞

四、熟語

1.下面所列，那些是成語、慣用語、諺語、歇后語？請加以區分。

（1）先下手為強

（2）兔子的尾巴長不了

（3）當面鑼，對面鼓

（4）既來之，則安之

（5）成以蕭何，敗亦蕭何

（6）莫須有

（7）吃大鍋飯

（8）跑龍套

（9）兔子急了還咬人

（10）一枕黃粱

（11）抓辮子

（12）攔路虎

（13）旗桿上綁雞毛

（14）翹尾巴

（15）一年之計在于春

（16）拋磚引玉

（17）吃鴨蛋

（18）王八吃了秤砣鐵了心

2.改正下列成語中的錯別字。

堅如盤石

遺笑大方

既往不究

相形見拙

一枕黃粱

妄費心機

怨天由人

水乳交溶

變本加利

暗然銷魂

不記其數

受益非淺

明查秋毫

開源截流

心浮氣燥

前仆后繼

手屈一指

出類拔粹

剛腹自用

并行不背

神彩飛揚

3.廣告語中常常利用改造成語的方法，如“隨心所浴”（熱水器）“當之無愧”（當鋪廣告）“一旦擁有，別無所求”（足球），你認為這樣做好不好？為什么？ 4.請各舉出慣用語（三字格和非三字格各幾個）、歇后語（喻意、諧音各三個）的例子。

5.請從下列句子中分別找出慣用語、諺語。

（1）對于“走后門”這個問題的處理要從嚴，不是從寬。（2）“情人眼里出西施”，你應該覺得她最美。

（3）有些執法人員以“清官難斷家務事”為由，拒絕為受害婦女開驗傷單。（4）買賣談的“八九不離十”，你也該放下這顆心了。

（5）說起來也有些難開口，可是人情歸人情，公道歸公道?？磥砦也惶?，你們好像忘了這回事似的。

（6）你看他那樣高興，我都不忍心潑冷水。

（7）真是來得早不如來得巧，我剛剛送走兩位來訪的。

（8）瘦死的駱駝比馬大，他們家好歹曾是個地主，說不定還有什么好東西藏著沒叫你知道。

6.列表分析下列成語的內部結構關系。

（1）審時度勢（2）一衣帶水（3）咄咄逼人（4）拍案叫絕（5）耳目一新（6）班門弄斧（7）眾叛親離（8）匹夫之勇（9）左顧右盼（10）狐假虎威（11）令人發指（12）別樹一幟（13）不勞而獲（14）發號施令（15）層出不窮（16）置之度外(17)過河拆橋（18）生龍活虎（19）梁上君子（20）侃侃而談（21）葉公好龍（22）突飛猛進（23）忍辱負重（24）藥到病除（25）虛懷若谷（26）引狼入室（27）后起之秀（28）力爭上游（29）化險為夷（30）包羅萬象（31）鐵石心腸（32）持之以恒

五、詞匯的發展變化和詞匯的規范化 1.請指出下列新詞的特點。

超編

創匯

笑星

突破性

程序化

自學熱

信息港

短平快

時間差

太極拳

艾滋病

漢堡包

麥當勞

面的中巴

三通

超生

男士

國手

大齡

老外

2.請舉出五個已經或正在退出現代漢語詞匯系統的詞語。3.從詞義發展角度，對下面所列詞語進行歸類。

車

河

洗

肌肉

報復

可憐

爪牙

獨裁

丈人

瓦

谷

菜

墨水

走 4在外來詞借用的過程中，有時候，會發生幾種形式并存的情況，比如：因特兒（音譯）、internet（直接借用）、互聯網（意譯），鐳射（音譯）、激光（意譯），你認為哪種辦法比較好，我們在規范用語時應采納哪種譯法？ 5.請指出下列例句中的生造詞。

（1）這個問題一直纏縈在他的腦間。（2）她終將成為世界游壇的巨人。（3）汗水從帽子底下淌流滿臉。

（4）他怎么還沒來？我都要望石秋穿了。（5）給人以無層的遠思和遐想。

6.下列各句中哪些詞語的運用是不規范的？（1）這個東西的長度是十一米突。（2）我今天下午要去買一包洋火。（3）生活對我來言，亦是一個考驗。（4）我付思：他怎么會當上班長呢？

7.從詞匯規范化角度來看，下列各組詞中應當選用哪個詞？（1）玉米、苞米、珍珠米、棒子

（2）名學、倫理學、因明學、邏輯學（3）托拉斯、脫拉斯、托拉司、托辣斯（4）明天、明旦、明朝（5）公雞、雄雞、雞公

（6）灶前、鑊灶間、灶頭間、灶間、廚房（7）月、月明、月光、月亮

（8）朱古力、巧克力、巧古力、巧格力