第一篇:英語詩歌對比評析
Dingyu Wang(5***)Vy100 Professor Thorpe 11.22.2015
I Prefer Poets: Poets Can Do More than Barking In November 2011, Notch officially completed work on Minecraft 1.0, “an open world game that has no specific goals for the player to accomplish”(Gallegos), which turned out to be a huge success(McCarthy).McCarthy first regards its success as a mystery since it’s only an indie game without any advertising but he finally points out that the success is just because players“have free rein to build, build, build”(par.18).People do enjoythe freedom to think and create.In effect, the situation is analogical when people encounter poems.“Who Is a Poet” and “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” are two poems that both take advantages of audience’s imagination in order to convey its message.However, “Who Is a Poet” provides more freedom for audience to understand and to imagine, thus giving a more effective argument, while “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” restricts audience’s imagination in the author’s world by giving a detailed imaginary scene.The detailed reasons why “Who Is a Poet” is better than “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” will be gradually revealed by analyzing the logos, ethos, and pathos in those poems.Billy Collinswrites “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” in an imaginarily narrative way, encouraging people to seek joy amidst sorrow.In the poem, the neighbors’ dog keeps barking which almost drives the speaker craze.Then he falls into his imaginary world where the annoying dog becomes a soloist.The story that the speaker uses imagination to make an irritating dog so funny tells people not to be stuck by little annoyance and try to make life happier.Wang2
Alternatively, Tadeusz Ró?ewicz writes “Who Is a Poet” to answer the question who is a poet.His argument is that poets are hard to define-anyone can be a poet under certain circumstances.Therefore, he actually gives a “vacant” definition of poets, and leaves the work to the audience who are guided to define their own poets.This kind of argument seems ridiculous but actually is a more effective way to argue such ill-defined items-it has no complete argument in the poem itself, but it has a unique argument once a reader start to read it.It’s the reader who completes the other half of the argument.Although the story in “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” is quite interesting, it can only offer a very limited extent.“Who Is a Poet” does a much better job in offering chances for audience to think deeply.As a result, the latter one is superior to the former one in the interaction between poets and audience, which makes it a better argument.The logos,or the width of a poem’s context may wellconstrain the width of audience’s thoughts, thus playing an important role in an argument.The objects are very limited in “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House”-just the neighbors’ barking dog and the fictional dog soloist.Although that“dog” is likely to be a represent of all the annoyance, which provides a little more extent, the poem is far more restricted in comparison with “Who Is a Poet”.In “Who Is a Poet”,Ró?ewicz covers both abstract and figurative parts about poets.Thanks to its complex context, readers are able to think over it in severallevels, thus obtaining profound understanding that comes from thinking deeply.Generally, the width of poems’ contexts provides objective condition for readers to think freely.The ethos,or the reading process of a poem, does matter a lot with respect to the effect of the argument.Collins’s story starts from a narrative of the actual barking dog and then turns into a narrative of a fictional dog soloist using a transitional sentence “and now I can see him sitting
Wang3
in the orchestra”(Collins).The transitional sentence is a signal and it’s so clear and obvious that people jump into that particular scene without any other thoughts.However, the literal meaning of “Who Is a Poet” is somehow contradictory-Ró?ewicz states a poet can be both one who writes verses and one who doesn’t write verse(Ró?ewicz).The literal contradiction can lead audience into deeper thoughts, thus being capable of sending more messages which are not on the surface of the poem.This kind of sentence-pairs also appears in the beginning of the novel Tale of Two Cities-“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness …”(Dickens 8), which are a recognized extraordinary opening that constructs a solemn atmosphere.Such atmosphere helps people think deeply.The pathos isthe choice ofperson in poems.“Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” uses the first person which constrains the thoughts of readers, while “Who Is a Poet” is in the third person so that it can free the readers’ thoughts.Using the first person is known to be a good method to tell stories, though;it’s not a good idea to apply the first person in an argument.The use of “I” will absorb readers into the story and trap them within the story.Notice that although poems using the first person can take advantages of audience’s imagination,this kind of imagination is limitedwithin the author’s imagination.That is to say, the audience could at most imagine in the way the author imagines, being not able to go out of the author’s imagination.“Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” is actually an interesting poem with wild imagination, but after reading it, people only get the interesting idea of the barking dog and then little thing else.Alternatively, “Who Is a Poet” keeps in the third person and provides an insight of poets by offering a distance between readers and the characters in the poem.As a result, “Who Is a Poet” is also superior to “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House” according to the pathos.Wang4
“The message of the poem was defined as the interpretation of the poem, often linked to theme but encompassing more than that.It involves analyzing of unfolding what that would mean to the reader”(Patel).That’s true.Therefore, in order to “have something to be unfolded”, poems need some extra space that is left to readers, as opposed to proses, which are designed to instill the text into readers’ brain thus providing no extra space for readers.People prefer play games rather than watch television, for the former activity provides the freedom to think and create and Minecraft made a huge impact just by providing freedom for players.Not surprised, the poem “Who Is a Poet” which possessesan expansive width, a guidance of in-depth reading process, and the solemn use of the third person is superior to “Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House”, for the former one has a higher degree of freedom provided for audience.According to the history of human beings’ exploration, in which humanbeings try again and again to free themselves from the limit of nature, human beings do pursue freedom, and do enjoy freedom, even when they are reading a poem.Wang5
Works cited
Collins, Billy.“Another Reason I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House.”
Dickens, Charles.Tale of Two Cities.London, GBR: ElecBook, 2001.ProQuest ebrary.Web.23 November 2015.Gallegos, Anthony.“Minecraft Review — PC Review at IGN.” IGN.Web.26 Nov.2015.McCracken, Harry.“The Mystery of Minecraft.” Time 181.21(2013): 40.Academic Search Complete.Web.23 Nov.2015.Patel, Pooja, and Leslie E.Laud.“Poetry Feedback That Feeds Forward.” Middle School Journal 46.4(2015): 24-31.ERIC.Web.22 Nov.2015.Ró?ewicz, Tadeusz.“Who Is a Poet.”
第二篇:大學語文詩歌對比(精選)
二者各有千秋,不能單純的去說誰更有深度。中國詩詞善于寫景抒情,以寫景烘托氣氛或造出意境,古代詩歌:
一、抒情性
詩歌是感情的產物,感情是詩歌的生命。沒有感情的詩不是詩;感情不充沛,矯揉造作、無病呻吟的詩是蒼白無力的詩。
二、形象性
詩要用形象思維。形象是一種飽含著某種思想感情的極富感染力的具象和境界,能夠使讀者沉浸其中,不自主的喜愛它、欣賞它,從而獲得感情上的熏陶,精神上的滋養以及美的享受。
三、精煉性
這是詩歌起碼的要求。即詩的語言要求用最簡練的字句來表現最豐富的內涵,不能像流水帳,不分巨細什么都寫。
四、審美性
詩歌必須是美的。詩美包括形象美、激情美、意境美、意象美、色彩美、結構美、語言美、韻律美、形式美等,五、含蓄性
詩貴含蓄,含蓄是中國古代詩人孜孜以求的寫作境界。含蓄就是含而不露,耐人尋味,用極少的具體可感的藝術形象,來表現極豐富的生活內容和思想情感;以瞬間表現永恒,以有限傳達無限,含不盡之意于言外。給讀者以想象的廣闊天空。
六、音樂性
指詩歌在朗誦時,要瑯瑯上口,悅耳動聽,要有抑揚頓挫的韻律美和流暢回環的音樂感。
七、跳躍性
因為詩歌要精煉,而要精煉就不能拖泥帶水,不能有繁瑣的敘述、無謂的鋪陳。跳躍可以省去許多不必要的描敘,使詩更精煉、集中。
八、象征性
象征是通過某一特定事物(象征物)來暗示與之有某種聯系的概括、思想和感情。運用象征性的語句,可以使詩句更加凝聚、精煉,思想意義更加豐富、含蓄。
“現代詩”名稱,開始使用于1953年—紀弦創立“現代詩社”時確立?,F代詩的含義:
1.形式是自由的2.內涵是開放的
3.意象經營重于修辭。
“古典詩”與“現代詩”的比較:“詩”者皆為感于物而作,是心靈的映現?!肮诺湓姟币浴八紵o邪”的詩觀,表達溫柔敦厚、哀而不怨,強調在“可解與不可解之間”?!艾F代詩”強調自由開放的精神,以直率的情境陳述,進行“可感與不可感之間”的溝通
現代詩(也稱新體詩),準確地說應當稱其為“自由詩”,它是二十世紀三、四十年代新文化運動時期,在反對“八股文”等一系列文化改革創新中,由郭沫若首先發明、創造并運用于詩歌創作之中的,像郭沫若所寫的自由詩《女神》、《鳳凰涅磐》等。這種詩歌摒棄古詩詞的許多戒律,提倡自由,不受長短句約束,對平仄雖有要求,但不如古詩詞嚴格,這種體裁的出現與當時的社會文化背景關系極為密切。
中國的詩詞更注重的是一種意境的創造,追求言已盡而意未盡的效果,讓人有無限的遐想空間,這種詩歌的出現是因為中國古代傳統的思維方式是感悟式直覺思維方式。即使到了現在,中國人寫詩歌依然追求意境的營造,如果說得太白了,就沒有意思了,當然當代一些新新人類作家的作品追求一種直白,則是另外一回事,并不能一概而論,畢竟這些人并不代表中國詩歌創作的主流。
另一方面,中國詩詞講究含蓄,以淡為美,可直接拼合,語法關系松散,有種濃縮感,給讀者留下充分的想象空間。
從表現內容來看,中國詩詞多以歌頌為主,從另一個角度來說,中國詩歌習慣表達的是現世的志向、愛情還有一些社會的運動,再就是一些由現實的得意和失意所勾起的情緒和感情 從體裁看,中國詩尚短不尚長,追求“言有盡而意無窮”,“無聲勝有聲”。
第三篇:對比詩歌答題技巧
對比詩歌答題技巧大家都知道嗎?下面小編整理了對比詩歌答題技巧,歡迎大家閱讀學習!
對比詩歌答題技巧
1.把握主人公的立足點
一般而言,把握抒情主人公的時空立足點,就可以為貫通全詩提供一個堅實的平臺,是解讀詩歌的重要方法。抒情類詩的主體分為兩類:一類有詩人設身代言,即詩人設想自己就是詩中的人,為他們奔走呼喊,代他們傾訴衷腸;一類是詩人直抒胸臆,抒情主人公的形象也就是詩人自身的形象??傮w看,后一類居多。
2.關注詩歌的題目
詩歌的題目是詩人寫作意圖的集中體現,它像一條紅線,串聯起散落在詩歌中的珍珠,像一個窗口,讓我們看到詩人的內心世界。關注題目,分析題意,同樣是貫通全詩的重要方法。因為并不是所有的詩都能找到立足點,像詠物詩、詠懷詩、詠史詩、哲理詩等,一般就沒有,那就更應該關注題目。
3.了解詩歌的結構
“起承轉合”是古典詩歌尤其是近體詩的結構中固有的特征,在一定程度上,我們可以把它作為一個視角窺探作者的思路,進而貫通全詩。在初三復習備考中,如果我們遵循這種規律的話,會收到事半功倍的效果。凡依著起承轉合的程式來寫的詩,尤其要注意起句,因它往往是貫通全詩、解讀全詩的鑰匙。
4.答題應緊扣原詩的內容
命題者對詩歌鑒賞考查的目的是看看我們是否真正讀懂了詩歌,因此對思想內容和表達技巧的分析,必須結合原詩歌的具體內容來進行,千萬不能空泛而談。如果是選擇題則要緊扣原詩詞內容進行判斷選擇,否則難以說明自身是否讀懂了原詩。
5.明白選擇題選項常見干擾設置
句意理解方面:誤解多義字、對象錯位、偷換概念等;思想感情分析方面:無中生有、牽強附會、任意拔高等;表達技巧方面:張冠李戴、想當然等。我們在平時要多加練習,并及時總結答題規律。
6.熟悉有關意象與意境的知識
詩人一般借意象來表現自我,詩人作為主體,往往與意象這個客體合而為一。有時詩中有幾個意象,各個意象之間都有一定的聯系。在中國古典詩歌中,講究的是“一切景語皆情語”的天人感應模式,所以我們在鑒賞景或物的同時,往往要聯系鑒賞詩人的形象。而且這兩者又常常是一致的。
7.清楚詩人的用典
古代的詩人喜歡用典,其原因一是借他人酒杯澆胸中塊壘,為表達委婉一些;二是以古喻今,更理直氣壯一些;三是可以用較少的文字傳遞較多的信息,使表達簡明一些。一般用典有兩層含義:(1)用歷史舊事,借古喻今;(2)引用或化用前人詩句,既自明心跡,又豐富詩歌的意蘊,提高詩歌的文化品位,用黃庭堅的話來說就是“脫胎換骨”。
8.記誦詩歌鑒賞口訣
從題目認識對象;從字面讀出感覺;從注釋破解難點;從作者了解背景;從原作找到根據;從題干得到啟示;從首聯找到特點;從尾句參透主旨;從景物把握情感;從意境洞察心胸。
第四篇:詩歌對比鑒賞訓練題
詩歌對比鑒賞訓練題
(一)比較閱讀描寫廬山瀑布的兩首詩和蘇軾評價它們的一首詩,完成下列各題。日照香爐生紫煙,遙看瀑布掛前川。飛流直下三千尺,疑是銀河落九天。
——李白
虛云落泉千仞直,雷奔入江不暫息。今古長如白練飛,一條界破青山色。
——徐凝 帝遣銀河一律垂,古來惟有謫仙詞。飛流濺沫知多少,不與徐凝洗惡詩。
——蘇軾
1.根據詩歌意象填空。(3分)
李白詩中的“紫煙”,即徐凝詩中的“ ”。徐凝詩中的“落泉”,即李白詩中的“ ” 李白詩中的“銀河”,即徐凝詩中的“ ” 2.蘇軾詩對李徐二詩作了評價,試指出蘇軾對二詩的看法,并說說你的理解。(3分)
(二)閱讀下面兩首古詩,按要求回答問題。
約客
趙師秀
黃梅時節家家雨,青草池塘處處蛙。有約不來過夜半,閑敲棋子落燈花。
雨晴
王駕
雨前初見花間菱,雨后全無葉底花。蜂蝶紛紛過墻去,卻疑春色在鄰家。1.兩首詩分別描寫了什么季節?分別描寫了什么景物?(2分)
2.兩首詩分別突出了一個“等”字和一個“惜”字。請分別說明它們是怎樣突出這個字的。
(三)讀下面兩首詩和詞,按要求回答問題。
大林寺桃花
白居易
人間四月芳菲盡,山寺桃花始盛開。長恨春歸無覓處,不知轉入此中來。
清平樂
黃庭堅
春歸何處?寂寞無行路。若有人知春去處,喚取歸來同住。
春無蹤跡誰知,除非問取黃鸝。百囀無人能解,因風飛過薔薇。1.兩首詩尋覓春天的方式有所不同,請在詩中找出相關詩句來。(2分)
2.說說二詩反映的作者的感情的共同點和不同點。(4分)
(四)閱讀兩首《相見歡》,按要求答題。
相 見 歡
李煜
無言獨上高樓,月如鉤。寂寞梧桐深院鎖春秋。剪不斷,理還亂,是離愁。別是一番滋味在心頭。
相 見
歡
朱敦儒
金陵城上西樓,倚清秋。萬里夕陽垂地大江流。中原亂,簪纓散,幾時收?試倩悲風吹淚過揚州。
1.“剪不斷,理還亂”表現了作者怎樣的心緒?“簪纓”指代什么?“幾時收”表達了作者怎樣的思想感情?(3分)
2.試比較兩首詞在風格上的差異。(3分)
(五)閱讀王維《雜詩》二首,按要求回答問題。
(一)家住孟津河,門對孟津口。常有江南船,寄書家中否?
(二)君自故鄉來,應知故鄉事。來日綺窗前,寒梅著花未? 1.這兩首詩從不同的角度抒寫了懷鄉思親之情。請從抒情主人公身份的角度作簡要說明。(2分)
2.詩
(二)“來日綺窗前,寒梅著花未?”抒情主人公只問“花”而不問“人”,和其他,這里用了什么表達技巧?有什么表達作用?(2分)
3.這兩首詩在語言風格和句式運用上有什么作用? 答:語言風格上:
句式運用上:
(六)閱讀王冕詠梅的兩首詩,按要求回答問題。
白
梅
冰雪林中著此身,不與桃李混芳塵。忽然一夜清香發,散作乾坤萬里春。
墨
梅
我家洗硯池頭樹,朵朵花開淡墨痕。不要人夸顏色好,只留清氣滿乾坤。1.白梅詩中“不與桃李混芳塵”中“混”是“混同”的意思,是說白梅具有什么樣的特點?墨梅詩表現了畫中梅花的什么特點?(2分)
2.墨梅詩運用了什么表現手法?抒發了作者怎樣的思想感情?(2分)
3.兩首詩在表達上有什么相同之處?(2分)
(七)閱讀下面兩首唐詩,按要求回答問題。
田園樂
王維
桃紅復含宿雨,柳綠更帶朝煙?;浼屹孜磼?,鶯啼山客未眠。
春 曉
孟浩然
春眠不覺曉,處處聞啼鳥。夜來風雨聲,花落知多少? 1.這兩首詩在寫作內容上的共同之處是什么?(2分)
2.從藝術表現手法來看,兩首詩的差異主要體現在哪些方面?請寫出其中一個方面。(4分)
(八)閱讀下面兩首唐詩,按要求回答問題。
山房春事
岑參
梁園日暮亂飛鴉,極目蕭條三兩家。庭樹不知人去盡,春來還發舊時花。
登崖州城作
李德裕
獨上高樓望帝京,鳥飛猶是半年程。青山似欲留人住,百轉千匝繞郡城。
注:崖州,今海南島??谑小@畹略?,唐武宗時的宰相,唐宣宗時被貶到崖州。
1.兩首詩分別表達了作者什么樣的思想感情?(3分)
2.兩首詩在抒情方式上有什么不同?(3分)
(九)閱讀下面一首唐詩,按要求回答問題。
過三閭廟
戴叔倫
沅湘流不盡,屈子怨何深。日暮秋風起,蕭蕭楓樹林。
1.文有“文眼”,詩有“詩眼”,如杜甫《春夜喜雨》,“喜”字就是“詩眼”?!霸娧邸笨稍谠婎}中,也可在詩句中,《過三閭廟》一詩的“詩眼”是 字。(1分)
2.“沅湘流不盡”這種寫法,與《孔雀東南飛》的開頭“孔雀東南飛,五里一徘徊”是否相同?為什么?(3分)
3.從寫作技巧方面簡要點評“日暮秋風起,蕭蕭楓樹林”這兩句詩。(2分)
(十)閱讀韓愈《早春呈水部張十八員外》和蘇軾《贈劉景文》,回答問題。
早春呈水部張十八員外
韓愈 天街小雨潤如酥,草色遙看近卻無。最是一年春好處,絕勝煙柳滿皇都。
贈劉景文
蘇軾
荷盡已無擎雨蓋,菊殘猶有傲霜枝。一年好景君須記,最是橙黃橘綠時。1.兩首詩分別寫了什么季節的景物?詩人抓住了哪些景物來表達感情?
2.試從修辭手法的角度,分析蘇軾詩所表達出的思想感情。
(十一)、閱讀下面兩首詩歌,完成下列各題。
塞上聽吹笛
高適
雪凈胡天牧馬還,月明羌笛戍樓間。借問梅花何處落,風吹一夜滿關山。
夜上受降城聞笛 李益
回樂峰前沙似雪,受降城外月如霜。不知何處吹蘆管,一夜征人盡望鄉。(1)比較兩首邊塞詩的思想感情。
(2)比較兩首詩的表現手法。
(十二)閱讀下面兩首宋詩,完成后面的題目。(8分)(湖北卷)
登
城
望湖樓晚景
劉敞
蘇軾
雨映寒空半有無,橫風吹雨入樓斜,重樓閑上倚城隅。
壯觀應須好句夸。淺深山色高低樹,雨過潮平江海碧,一片江南水墨圖。
電光時掣紫金蛇。
(1)兩詩均寫江南雨景,但景色有異,《登城》寫的是□□□□,《望湖樓晚景》寫的是疾風驟雨。(2分)
(2)兩詩第三句都描寫相對靜止的畫面,請分別說說它們在原詩結構中的作用。
(3)以上兩首詩,劉詩優美,蘇詩壯美,請結合詩句賞析。(4分)
[詩歌比較鑒賞參考答案]
(一)1.虛云
飛流
白練
2.從蘇軾詩可以看出,蘇軾先肯定了李詩,后否定徐詩,一句“古來惟有謫仙詞”可看出蘇軾對徐詩的全盤否定。(2分)整體來講,李詩想象奇特,意境飛動,氣勢磅礴;徐詩雖有夸張,卻無奇思妙想,氣勢不如李詩充足,但也不是如蘇軾所評價的那樣一無是處。(2分)
(二)1.《約客》所涉及的是黃梅時節(夏季),描寫的景物有雨、蛙等;《雨晴》描寫的是春天的景色,主要景物有花間菱、葉、蜂、蝶等。
2.《約客》主要通過交待時間“過夜半”和描寫細節“閑敲棋子落燈花”,突出一個“等”字;《雨晴》則主要通過“雨前”“雨后”的對比和“蜂蝶紛紛過墻去”的描寫,突出一個“惜”字。
(三)1.白詩是“長恨春歸無覓處”。黃詩是“除非問取黃鸝”。
2.惋惜春光流逝的深情是二詩作者感情的共同點。不同點是白居易最終找到了春,充滿驚訝和喜悅;黃庭堅沒有找到春天,感到無限悵惘和苦悶。
(四)1.六朝民歌中常用“絲”諧音“思”,李煜也用絲來比喻愁思?!凹舨粩?,理還亂”,表現了愁思紛繁和難以排解。“簪纓”是貴族官僚的服飾,用來代人?!皫讜r收”,既是詞人渴望早日收復中原心事的表露,也是對南宋朝廷偏安茍且的憤懣和斥責。
2.雖然兩首詞的詞牌都是“相見歡”,格律一樣,但各自所表現的感情卻完全不一樣,風格也有很大差異。“離愁”是人們內心的一種抽象的感情,李后主卻把它寫得很形象,寫出其滋味,寫出了一種非常深切的人生感受?!盁o言”又加上“獨上”,仿佛使人看到一個“斯人獨憔悴”的孤獨身影。西樓見月,夜已深沉,孤影徘徊,不能入寐,其人濃重的愁緒躍然紙上。全詞表現得哀婉動人。朱詞則通過“夕陽”“大江”“悲風”等意象,寄托了詞人的國破之痛和對中原人民的深切懷念,感情激越,語盡而情意悠悠不盡,有豪放之風。(能回答“婉約”“豪放”可給2分,能運用詞中句子分析,得3分)
(五)1.詩
(一)是在家人(或女方)詢問船家有無離家人(或男方)的來信;詩
(二)是離家人(或男方)向來客詢問自己家中的情況。
2.詩人選取典型細節,用借代手法,以“花”代指親人和家中的一切,問“花”是表達思親還鄉之情,這樣寫,感情含蓄、真切,富有情趣。
3.語言風格上,質樸清新,口語入詩,平淡而雋永。句式運用上,以文句結尾,可見對親人急切的思念之情,言有盡而意無窮。
(六)1.白梅具有不與桃李爭高低,更不愿與其為伍的清高品格。墨梅具有高潔、清秀、淡雅、樸素的特點。
2.運用了托物言志的手法,抒發了王冕不向世俗獻媚的堅貞、純潔的操守。3.都是借梅花抒懷寫志,袒露了自己的襟懷,表達了自己的節操與抱負。
(七)1.都寫了春天的早晨的景色,如夜雨、啼鳥、落花等,以及人們在春天早上遲起的情景。(景和事各1分)
2.如王詩以動寫靜,著力于視覺形象;孟詩由靜入動,訴之于聽覺感受。王詩繪彩著色,以形寫意;孟詩純用白描,重在寫意。王詩著眼于空間景物的抒寫;孟詩則著眼于時間過程的描寫。(只要寫出一處,意思對即可。僅寫出一首詩的特點不給分)
(八)1.《山房春事》表達了作者對戰亂帶來的蕭條衰敗及昔盛今衰的慨嘆?!兜茄轮莩亲鳌繁磉_了作者對帝京的懷念及有家歸不得的痛苦與絕望的心情。2.《山房春事》是借景抒情——作者通過亂鴉夕照與春花怒放不調和的畫面表達思想感情?!兜茄轮莩亲鳌肥羌淳笆闱椤ㄟ^登城所見抒發內心的感受。雖然兩者抒情手法略有差別,但抒情方式都不是直抒胸臆,而是委婉含蓄。
(九)1.“怨”。
2.相同。(1分)都運用了“起興”(或“比興”、“興中帶比”、“興”)的手法。(2分)3.這兩句詩用“寓情于景”、“情景交融”的寫法,寫眼前之景,其實,言外自有一種悲涼之氣。(或:后兩句寫眼前日暮風起,楓林蕭蕭,情寓景中,為屈子傳哀怨之聲,空際傳神,不著跡象,言外自有一種悲涼慷慨之氣。)
(十)1.韓愈寫的是早春,能攝春之魂,“草色遙看近卻無”寫出了雨后春草遠望和近看的傳奇景色,給讀者以無窮的美感。蘇軾詩寫的是初冬,“荷盡”、“菊殘”“傲霜”,既寫景,又詠物喻人。
2.“殘菊猶有傲霜枝”與“荷盡已無擎雨蓋”相對,內容相近,構成“流水對”。這里菊花殘了,枝干尚能傲霜獨立的描寫,既寫了景,詠了物,也借物喻人,贊頌了劉景文的品格和節操。最后一句,既是實寫,也是借代,作者把蕭條的初冬寫得富有生機和詩意,表現出詩人曠達明朗的性情和胸襟。語淺情遙,耐人尋味。
(十一)(1)高詩通過“雪凈”、“月明”等景,表現將士歸來、胡馬北去的和平寧謐;寫笛聲,表現盛唐豪情和些許懷鄉之情。
李詩通過“似雪沙”“如霜月”,表現邊塞環境的險惡和景象的荒寒;寫笛聲,表現懷鄉的迷惘和悲涼。
(2)高詩妙用通感,將《梅花落》笛曲的聽覺轉化為梅花飄落的視覺,邊地無梅引發故鄉梅聯想。
李詩恰切比喻,“沙似雪”、“月如霜”,寫出邊塞環境的險惡和荒寒。
(十二)(1)和風細雨
(2)①劉詩第三句承接前兩句,并與蒙蒙細雨疊加,以形成下句江南水墨圖意境②蘇詩第三句從“橫風吹雨”轉入“雨過潮平”,為描寫雷電蓄勢。.承上啟下(3)①劉詩通過寫雨映寒空,山深樹幽,倚樓眺 望的一幅水墨畫,運用白描手法,描繪出一幅江南水墨圖。②.蘇詩通過寫橫風斜雨,潮江涌動,運用比喻手法,寫出了雨 前,雨后的壯觀美景。
第五篇:注塑英語對比句子
成型工藝流程及條件介紹
Molding technique procedure and parameter introduction
第一節 成型工藝
Section 1 molding technique.1.成型工藝參數類型
Sorts of molding parameter.(1).注塑參數
※※※※ction parameter.a.注射量
※※※※ction rate.b.計量行程
Screw back position
c.余料量
Cushion
d.防誕量
Sucking back rate
e.螺桿轉速
Screw speed
f.塑化量
Plastic0 rate
g.預塑背壓
Screw back pressure
h.注射壓力和保壓壓力
※※※※ction pressure and holding pressure
i.注射速度
※※※※ction speed
(2)合模參數
Clamping parameter
a.合模力
Clamping force
b.合模速度
Clamping speed
c.合模行程.Clamping stroke
d.開模力
Opening force
e.開模速度
Opening speed
f.開模行程
Opening position
g.頂出壓力
Ejector advance pressure
h.頂出速度
Ejector advance speed
i.頂出行程
Ejector advance position
2.溫控參數
Temperature parameter
a.烘料溫度
Dry resin material temperature b.料向與噴嘴溫度
Cylinder temperature and nozzle temperature
c.模具溫度
Mold temperature
d.油溫
Oil temperature
3.成型周期
Molding cycle
a.循環周期
Cycle time
b.冷卻時間
Cool time
c.注射時間
※※※※ction time
d.保壓時間
Holding pressure time
e.塑化時間
Plant time
f.頂出及停留時間
Knocking out and delay time
g.低壓保護時間
Mold protect time
成型工藝參數的設定須根據產品的不同設置.Molding technique parameter setting differs depending on type of product 第二節成型條件設定
Section 2 Molding parameter Setting
按成型步驟:可分為開鎖模,加熱,射出,頂出四個過程.Molding steps: mold opening/closing, heating ※※※※ction and knocking out.開鎖模條件:
Mold opening parameter:
快速段中速度
低壓高壓速度
High-speedmid-speed
Low pressure high pressure speed
鎖模條件設定:
Mold closing parameter setting
1鎖模一般分:快速→中速→低壓→高壓
Mold closing: high-speed →low-speed →low pressure→high pressure
2.快鎖模一般按模具情況分,如果是平面二板模具,快速鎖模段可用較快速度,甚至于用到特快,當用到一般快速時,速度設到55-75%,完全平面??稍O定到80-90%,如果用到特快就只能設定在45-55%,壓力則可設定于50-75%,位置段視產品的深淺(或長短)不同,一般是開模寬度的1/3.In high-speed section, Mold closing speed depends on type of mold.For two –plate mold it can set quick and even especially quick usually, it set speed within 55-75%.For full-plate mold it set speed within80-90% while using especially high speed it set speed within 45-55% and pressure within 50-75% position distance setting differs depending on the volume of product and usually it can be set 1/3 of mold opening position.3.中速段,在快速段結束后即轉換成中速,中速的位置一般是到模板(包括三板模,二板模)合在一塊為止,具體長度應視模板板間隔,速度一般設置在30%-50%間,壓力則是20%-45%間.In mid-speed section: Mold closing speed changes into mid-speed after high-speed section finish.Mid-speed start position is where two plates meet(include three-plate mold and two-plate mold)Distance of mid-speed is up to distance of two plates plate it speed within 30-50% and pressure 20-45%.4.低壓設定,低速設定一般是在模板接觸的一瞬間,具體位置就設在機臺顯示屏顯示的一瞬間的數字為準,這個數字一般是以這點為標準,即于此點則起不了高壓,高于此點則大,輕易起高壓.設定的速度一般是15%-25%,視乎不同機種而定,壓力一般設定于1-2%,有些機則可設于5-15%,也是視乎不同機種不同.Low-pressure section: Mold closing sets low-pressure when plates meeting.This position is set to the data of machine screen on this time.This point is the gage of the data.Data lower the point there is no high-pressure.Data higher the point there is high-pressure easily.It set speed within 15-25% and pressure within 1-2% depending on type within 1-2% depending on type of ※※※※ction molding machine.5.高壓設定,按一般機臺而言,高壓位置機臺在出廠時都已作了設定,相對來講,是不可以隨便更改的,比如震雄機在50P.速度相對低壓略高,大約在30-35%左右,而壓力則視乎模具而定,可在55-85%中取,比如完全平面之新模,模具排氣良好,甚至于設在55%即可,如果是滑塊較多,原來生產時毛邊也較多,甚至于可設在90%還略顯不足.High-pressure section: To normal ※※※※ction molding machine, high-pressure position had been set before they were sent to customer.It can not be modified.For example high-pressure position of CHENHSONG machine is 50P.The speed of high-pressure section is about 30-35% and higher than that of low-pressure.The pressure is up to mold, it can set within 55-85% For full-plate mold, it’s eject air well, it can set pressure 55%.If mold has a lot of slides and flash rate high in production, pressure can set 90%.加熱工藝條件設定
Heating technique parameter setting
1.加熱段溫度設定必須按照產品所使用的原料的不同而不同,但卻必須遵循一個這樣的規則,即由射口筒到進科段溫度是逐步遞減的.且遞減溫度是以10.度為單位.The proper temperature setting differs depending on type of resin material, but it must be abide by a rule that temperature setting should diminish in step 10.C from nozzle to feeding resin material position.2特殊情況下.如料頭抽絲,則射口筒溫度應降低,如果是比較特殊的原料冷凝比較快的.則射口筒溫度則不止比第二節法蘭溫度高10度.比如PPS.尼龍等.Nozzle temperature setting should low if product line.If resin material such as
PPS, PA, cool very soon , Nozzle temperature should higher more 10.C than the second cylinder temperature.3.機臺馬達啟動溫度視乎機臺不同而不同,一般出于對機臺油路中的油封保護需要,油溫最好能控制在40度-60度,以免油封長期高壓而變化,縮短使用壽命,造成成型不穩定.Pump turning on temperature is different depending on type of ※※※※ction molding machine.To protect oil seal of machine it set oil temperature within 40.C-60.C, If oil seal work on condition that high pressure and damaged It’s work time will be shorter, it can cause molding stable.第三節注射及熔膠(加料)工藝條件設定
※※※※ction and plastic Technique parameter setting
一.注射
※※※※ction 第四節常見塑料原料的有關溫度值.原料
Resin名稱
Name熔點℃
Melt’s成型溫度℃
Molding Temperature(’c)分解溫度℃
Decomposing Temperature(‘C)模具溫度℃
Mold Temperature(‘c)干燥溫度℃
Resin dry temperature(‘c)
注射是把塑料原料經加熱后射進模腔的過程,它一般可分為第一級,第二級,第三級,第四級及保壓幾段:
※※※※ction is a step which ※※※※ct melt resin material into mold.It consists of stepl,step2 ,step3,step4 and holding pressure step:
1.第一級注射一般是注射料頭段.具注射量一般可根據料頭的輕重來估計其行程,當然也可以依據公式來計算,如公式:
Step l ※※※※cts usually tunnel material, ※※※※ction Volume can be estimated according to the weight of course it can be calculated by formula:
L=Si=Vi/0.785Ds2
L:注射行程;Si:注射行程;
L: ※※※※ction stroke Si: ※※※※ction stroke
Vi:理論注射容積;Ds:螺桿直徑;
Vi: ※※※※ction volume of theoretical Ds: diameter of screw
0.785:是Ω/4的值.0.785: value ofΩ/4.當然,如果我們在成型時每設定一個參數都要計算一次,要成型出一個產品就要幾個小時才能完成了.But it cost a lot of time to produce one product if every time molding parameter is setting by calculation.2.第二級是注塑產品約2/3的階段,當然,根據產品特殊需要,也允許成型不到2/3階段,比如避免結合線問題,這一階段的成型速度及壓力一般是整個成型段的最大值段,如果排的產品與機臺基本是相吻合的.模具結構合理,排氣良好,這一段的壓力一般也不會超過80%.速度側視產品需變,可能大到95%也可,自然一般都是在55%-80%間.Step 2 ※※※※ct 2/3 of product.It can lower 2/3 of product according to requirement of product.For example to prevent weld line.Molding speed and pressure on this step is the maximum of whole molding section.If Mold suit the ※※※※ction molding machine and mold structure reasonable and eject air well, pressure of this step should lower 80%.Molding speed setting within 55-80% but it may setting 95% for especial product.3.第三段是注射余下的1/3段,其速度和壓力根據產品的需要,一般是小于第二段,速度和壓力存在于一個往下降的過程.主要是為了防止產品毛邊的產生,但同時又必須把產品充填飽滿.Step3 ※※※※ct remain 1/3 of product.According to product molding speed and pressure lower than that of step2 To prevent flash speed and pressure should decrease but it can’t shot short.4.第四段:一般有機臺還有第五,第六段,這段的成型速度和壓力相同前,都存在兩段一個遞減過程.其作用都是起到一個再次充滿的作用.Step4 section: Some ※※※※ction machines have step5,step6 which are same as former molding speed and pressure this step should diminish and ※※※※ct once more.5.保壓段:不論成型什么產品,都存在一個保壓過程.任何產品都不同程度的存在一個厚薄不一的問題,正常情況下,較厚的部分都可能存在一個收縮凹陷的現象,為了解決這種現象,就應應用到保壓,保壓一般來講都應用較慢的射速,而壓力的設置則應看縮水的情況如何,小到25%,大到80%都有可能.Holding pressure step: No matter what product there is a holding pressure step.Any product can’t molding a same thickness.Usually the deeper section may sink mark.To prevent this defect it should set holding pressure, The ※※※※ction speed of holding pressure step is slow but holding pressure setting within 25-80% depending on sink mark.二.熔膠段工藝
Plastic Technique
1.再復雜的熔膠旋轉過程最多不會超過三段,因為熔膠本身就是存在于把膠熔進料筒的過程,如果原料粘度大,熔膠壓力則大,但速度則應取決于原料的分解溫度,熔膠速度越快,原料中的剪切力則會越大,料管溫度則越高,局部原料產生分解的可能性則會越大,故一般熔膠會采用中速為宜,如45%-75%,熔膠同時會碰到一個比較重要的環節,那就是背壓的使用,產品精度要求越大,背壓的使用則更大,背壓可使原料分子間結構更緊密,成型出的產品則尺寸更穩定,外觀越好.當然,背壓太大,則會產生流涎,所以背壓的使用又應考虙到其它原因.Plastic should lower 3 steps, because plastic is a step to add melt resin material to cyclinder , Higher stick of resin material ,higher screw back pressure.Screw speed differs depending on decomposing temperature of resin material ,Higher screw speed ,Higher trim force of resin, higher cyclinder temperature.Some resin material may decomposes so it set screw speed in mid-speed such as 45-75%, In plastic step setting screw back pressure is very important, Higher screw back pressure ,higher quality of product screw back pressure make resin structure order, Molding product is beautiful and volume stable.But ,it maybe flow if screw back pressure too high.So all factors should be considered when using screw back pressure.2.熔膠過程還有一個比較重要的環節,那就是松退,松退分前松退和后松退,其作用一般是為了防止流涎和抽絲,設定值速度和壓力都在20%-50%間,設定的行程一般在2-5cm間,太長的行程可能會使料筒里面貯存空氣,導致下一模出現不期望的氣泡.In plastic step sucking back is very important too.Sucking back include front sucking back and back sucking back It setting sucking back to prevent flow and line.It sets sucking back speed and pressure within 20-50% and distance within 2-5cm.TOO long distance make cyclinder reserve air and cause bubble at next molding.頂出的工藝設定
knocking out technique setting
產品經冷卻定型后則有一個開模的過程,開?;旧鲜呛夏5姆催^程.開模的未段則有一個慢速設置,開模完成后,產品必須頂出的過程.There is a mold opening step after product cooling taking shape.Mold opening is a reverse step of mold closing.The last step of mold opening speed set slow.Product should be knocked out after mold opened.一.頂前:
Knocking out
頂前最好分兩個階級,第一階可分為中壓慢速,即是把產品輕輕頂出一部分,然后是中壓中速頂,中壓中速一般指的是35%-55%,而低速則有可能低到5%,這需視產品不同而言,頂出行程設定是頂出長度稍比產品垂直深度大1-2cm即可.Knocking out includes two steps, Step1 section setting mid-speed, knocks product out partly step2 section setting mid-pressure and mid-speed.Depending on different product, mid-pressure and mid-speed sets within 35-55% but low-speed can set 5%.Distance of knocking out longer 1-2cm than the vertical thickness of product.第四節常見塑料原料的有關溫度值.原料
Resin名稱
Name熔點℃
Melt’s成型溫度℃
Molding Temperature(’c)分解溫度℃
Decomposing Temperature(‘C)模具溫度℃
Mold Temperature(‘c)干燥溫度℃
Resin dry temperature(‘c)
注射是把塑料原料經加熱后射進模腔的過程,它一般可分為第一級,第二級,第三級,第四級及保壓幾段:
※※※※ction is a step which ※※※※ct melt resin material into mold.It consists of stepl,step2 ,step3,step4 and holding pressure step:
1.第一級注射一般是注射料頭段.具注射量一般可根據料頭的輕重來估計其行程,當然也可以依據公式來計算,如公式:
Step l ※※※※cts usually tunnel material, ※※※※ction Volume can be estimated according to the weight of course it can be calculated by formula:
L=Si=Vi/0.785Ds2
L:注射行程;Si:注射行程;
L: ※※※※ction stroke Si: ※※※※ction stroke
Vi:理論注射容積;Ds:螺桿直徑;
Vi: ※※※※ction volume of theoretical Ds: diameter of screw
0.785:是Ω/4的值.0.785: value ofΩ/4.當然,如果我們在成型時每設定一個參數都要計算一次,要成型出一個產品就要幾個小時才能完成了.But it cost a lot of time to produce one product if every time molding parameter is setting by calculation.2.第二級是注塑產品約2/3的階段,當然,根據產品特殊需要,也允許成型不到2/3階段,比如避免結合線問題,這一階段的成型速度及壓力一般是整個成型段的最大值段,如果排的產品與機臺基本是相吻合的.模具結構合理,排氣良好,這一段的壓力一般也不會超過80%.速度側視產品需變,可能大到95%也可,自然一般都是在55%-80%間.Step 2 ※※※※ct 2/3 of product.It can lower 2/3 of product according to requirement of product.For example to prevent weld line.Molding speed and pressure on this step is the maximum of whole molding section.If Mold suit the ※※※※ction molding machine and mold structure reasonable and eject air well, pressure of this step should lower 80%.Molding speed setting within 55-80% but it may setting 95% for especial product.3.第三段是注射余下的1/3段,其速度和壓力根據產品的需要,一般是小于第二段,速度和壓力存在于一個往下降的過程.主要是為了防止產品毛邊的產生,但同時又必須把產品充填飽滿.Step3 ※※※※ct remain 1/3 of product.According to product molding speed and pressure lower than that of step2 To prevent flash speed and pressure should decrease but it can’t shot short.4.第四段:一般有機臺還有第五,第六段,這段的成型速度和壓力相同前,都存在兩段一個遞減過程.其作用都是起到一個再次充滿的作用.Step4 section: Some ※※※※ction machines have step5,step6 which are same as former molding speed and pressure this step should diminish and ※※※※ct once more.5.保壓段:不論成型什么產品,都存在一個保壓過程.任何產品都不同程度的存在一個厚薄不一的問題,正常情況下,較厚的部分都可能存在一個收縮凹陷的現象,為了解決這種現象,就應應用到保壓,保壓一般來講都應用較慢的射速,而壓力的設置則應看縮水的情況如何,小到25%,大到80%都有可能.Holding pressure step: No matter what product there is a holding pressure step.Any product can’t molding a same thickness.Usually the deeper section may sink mark.To prevent this defect it should set holding pressure, The ※※※※ction speed of holding pressure step is slow but holding pressure setting within 25-80% depending on sink mark.二.熔膠段工藝
Plastic Technique
1.再復雜的熔膠旋轉過程最多不會超過三段,因為熔膠本身就是存在于把膠熔進料筒的過程,如果原料粘度大,熔膠壓力則大,但速度則應取決于原料的分解溫度,熔膠速度越快,原料中的剪切力則會越大,料管溫度則越高,局部原料產生分解的可能性則會越大,故一般熔膠會采用中速為宜,如45%-75%,熔膠同時會碰到一個比較重要的環節,那就是背壓的使用,產品精度要求越大,背壓的使用則更大,背壓可使原料分子間結構更緊密,成型出的產品則尺寸更穩定,外觀越好.當然,背壓太大,則會產生流涎,所以背壓的使用又應考虙到其它原因.Plastic should lower 3 steps, because plastic is a step to add melt resin material to cyclinder , Higher stick of resin material ,higher screw back pressure.Screw speed differs depending on decomposing temperature of resin material ,Higher screw speed ,Higher trim force of resin, higher cyclinder temperature.Some resin material may decomposes so it set screw speed in mid-speed such as 45-75%, In plastic step setting screw back pressure is very important, Higher screw back pressure ,higher quality of product screw back pressure make resin structure order, Molding product is beautiful and volume stable.But ,it maybe flow if screw back pressure too high.So all factors should be considered when using screw back pressure.2.熔膠過程還有一個比較重要的環節,那就是松退,松退分前松退和后松退,其作用一般是為了防止流涎和抽絲,設定值速度和壓力都在20%-50%間,設定的行程一般在2-5cm間,太長的行程可能會使料筒里面貯存空氣,導致下一模出現不期望的氣泡.In plastic step sucking back is very important too.Sucking back include front sucking back and back sucking back It setting sucking back to prevent flow and line.It sets sucking back speed and pressure within 20-50% and distance within 2-5cm.TOO long distance make cyclinder reserve air and cause bubble at next molding.頂出的工藝設定
knocking out technique setting
產品經冷卻定型后則有一個開模的過程,開模基本上是合模的反過程.開模的未段則有一個慢速設置,開模完成后,產品必須頂出的過程.There is a mold opening step after product cooling taking shape.Mold opening is a reverse step of mold closing.The last step of mold opening speed set slow.Product should be knocked out after mold opened.一.頂前:
Knocking out
頂前最好分兩個階級,第一階可分為中壓慢速,即是把產品輕輕頂出一部分,然后是中壓中速頂,中壓中速一般指的是35%-55%,而低速則有可能低到5%,這需視產品不同而言,頂出行程設定是頂出長度稍比產品垂直深度大1-2cm即可.Knocking out includes two steps, Step1 section setting mid-speed, knocks product out partly step2 section setting mid-pressure and mid-speed.Depending on different product, mid-pressure and mid-speed sets within 35-55% but low-speed can set 5%.Distance of knocking out longer 1-2cm than the vertical thickness of product.