第一篇：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句講解及8大考點(diǎn)

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也是定語(yǔ)從句的一種，在高中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)中它也是非常重要的一項(xiàng)的，老師們對(duì)于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的講解也是非常重視的。因?yàn)樵诳荚囍薪?jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)該從句的講解，下面大家就跟隨小編一起來(lái)了解該從句的講解。

說(shuō)到非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的講解，還要分成不同的部分，首先大家要知道就得就是該從句的作用是什么。其實(shí)它在句子中是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的成分，不會(huì)受到主句的限制，把從句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。這也是為什么它會(huì)叫做非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。其次，大家要了解該從句的形式：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞以及主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密，因而通常要用逗號(hào)與主句分隔開。例如：

Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?

你看過(guò)“泰坦尼克號(hào)”這部電影嗎?它的男主演可是世界聞名的。

My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.我有位朋友，他一輩子服務(wù)于國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)，下個(gè)月就要退休了。

在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也分成不同的種類，在不同情況下，該從句的使用方法也是不一樣的，在考試中經(jīng)常會(huì)考察大家對(duì)于該從句不同類型的運(yùn)用。如果大家不能很好的掌握這些用法，在考試的時(shí)候就一定會(huì)丟分了，下面就是關(guān)于該從句不同類型的介紹：

(1)who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我們的向?qū)В粋€(gè)法裔加拿大人，擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。

My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的園丁非常悲觀，他說(shuō)今年將不結(jié)蘋果。

(2)whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人，在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可位于句末。如：

Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了，你在倫敦見過(guò)他。

Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家，我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。

(3)whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人，也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。如：

The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力，他的父親是位工程師。

Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在樹林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品，風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。

(4)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

① which指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如：

These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的，還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。

She is an artist，which I am not.她是一位藝術(shù)家，而我不是。

Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。

The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任，事實(shí)上，也真是如此。

② which指代主句中的形容詞。如：

She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.她對(duì)孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。

She is always careless，which we should not be.她總是馬虎大意，我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。

③ which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。如：

He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.他說(shuō)以前從沒(méi)見過(guò)她，這不是真的。

④ which指代整個(gè)主句。如：

In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張，這是可以理解的。

He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲腸炎，如果是這樣，他就得動(dòng)手術(shù)。

When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping.他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作，這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。

(5)when引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。如：

He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他將把郊游推遲到5月1號(hào)，那時(shí)他將有空。

(6)where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。如：

They went to London，where they lived for six months.他們?nèi)チ藗惗?，在那兒呆了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間。

They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他們昨天抵達(dá)那里, 有一個(gè)關(guān)于銷售的談判在那兒舉行。

(7)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。as有“正如……，就像……”之意。如：

As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美國(guó)人都知道，馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.他忘了帶筆，這是常事。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

He is absorbed in work, as he often was.他正在全神貫注地工作，他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))

Boy as he was，he was chosen king.他雖是孩子，卻被選為國(guó)王。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))

as we all know, the earth is round.眾所周知，地球是圓的。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.兩兄弟對(duì)此決定都滿意，這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

Taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of China.你知道，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

(8)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞which有時(shí)并不代表主句中某一確定的詞，而是概括整個(gè)主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配。

They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved.他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒，沒(méi)有它們產(chǎn)量會(huì)減少一半。

They thanked Tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded.這些鄰居是北京來(lái)的，昨天我被介紹同他們認(rèn)識(shí)了。

(9)“名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬(wàn)公頃土地，其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。

Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大廳里有三十把椅子，絕大部分是新的。

he textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women.這家紡織廠有8千多職工，女職工占百分之八十。

通過(guò)對(duì)該從句的講解，大家可以看出，它的種類真的是非常多，不同的詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的從句用法都是不同的，大家要學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分不同用法所表示的含義。雖然該從句在選擇題中考察的非常多，但是大家在閱讀題中也會(huì)看見這樣的從句，所以說(shuō)，大家學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)并不只是為了語(yǔ)法的題目，它對(duì)于大家整個(gè)英語(yǔ)水平的提升都是非常有幫助的。除此之外大家還要注意一些非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的特殊情況：

1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可用that引導(dǎo)，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用who(作主語(yǔ))/ whom(作賓語(yǔ))指人，用which(作主語(yǔ) / 賓語(yǔ))指物，用whose作定語(yǔ)(指人 / 物)。例如：

The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.這位試圖打反擊的著名籃球明星吸引了眾人的關(guān)注。

The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.這部電影很有教育意義，它的導(dǎo)演是位老人。

2.關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，若指人時(shí)，只用whom，不用who。例如：

York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.我去年訪問(wèn)過(guò)的約克是個(gè)古老而美麗的城市。

Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.請(qǐng)把這本書交給杰西卡，就是剛才我們?cè)诖髲d里遇到的那位。

3.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可用why引導(dǎo)，需用for which替代why。例如：

None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.我們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人接受他所解釋的缺席的理由。

以上的內(nèi)容就是小編給大家總結(jié)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的講解，希望能夠在大家學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的過(guò)程中對(duì)大家有所幫助。任何一個(gè)小的語(yǔ)法在英語(yǔ)考試中都是非常重要的，常見的語(yǔ)法考察的內(nèi)容就是單選，完形和改錯(cuò)這幾個(gè)題目，所以對(duì)于語(yǔ)法考察的內(nèi)容所占的比例也是不小的，所以大家一定要重視。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的八類考點(diǎn)

■湖南 陳根花

考點(diǎn)一 考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法指的是定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，通常置于主句之后，但有時(shí)也置于主句中間或主句之前（僅限于as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）。如：

His best movie, which won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.他的最佳影片，就是榮獲幾項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)的那部，是關(guān)于甘地生平的。

The train, which takes only two hours to get there, is quicker than the bus, which takes three.坐火車去那兒要比坐汽車快，坐火車只要2小時(shí)，而坐汽車要3小時(shí)。

Anyway, that evening, which I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.不管怎樣，那個(gè)晚上我最后待在了雷切爾那里，我以后會(huì)告訴你更多那晚的情況。

The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase.這座房子建于1856年，以巨大的大理石樓梯聞名。

People threw coins onto the stage, as was the custom.人們向舞臺(tái)上扔錢幣，這是他們的習(xí)俗。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為CA）

1.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.(2012陜西卷)

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.what

2.By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.(2012江西卷)

A.which

B.when

C.what

D.that

考點(diǎn)二 考查分離型非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

所謂分離型非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指的是引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞與它所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句被其他一些詞語(yǔ)（如插入語(yǔ)等）隔開，從而造成關(guān)系詞與定語(yǔ)從句的分離。如：

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.海倫對(duì)她的小兒子要比對(duì)其他的兒子好，這使得其他的兒子很嫉妒他。

The higher the interest rate, the greater the financial risk, which, of course, cuts both ways.利率越高，金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越大，這當(dāng)然是個(gè)有利有弊的事。

There are those, you know, who, by circumstance, end up homeless.您知道，會(huì)有那么一些人，因?yàn)槊\(yùn)捉弄而落得無(wú)家可歸。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為BB）

1.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.(2012浙江卷)

A.which

B.who

C.where

D.whom

2.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made all the others upset.(2011北京卷)

A.who

考點(diǎn)三 考查具有同位關(guān)系的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

所謂“同位型”，主要指“用作同位語(yǔ)的不定代詞+of which”這類結(jié)構(gòu)。其中用作同位語(yǔ)的不定代詞主要包括all, any, each, both, either, neither, none等。如：

They produced two reports, neither of which contained any useful suggestions.他們作了兩個(gè)報(bào)告，都沒(méi)有什么有用的建議。

The machines, each of which is perhaps five feet in diameter, are not the largest devices in the room.這些機(jī)器每臺(tái)直徑大約5英尺，它們并不是這間屋里最大的設(shè)備。

He has a shelf full of things, each of which has associations for him.他的一個(gè)擱架上擺滿了東西，每一樣都能勾起他許多回憶。

He devotes most of hid words to two topics: money and health, each of which he seemed to lack in equal measure.他用大部分篇幅論述兩個(gè)論題，即金錢和健康，而這兩樣他都同樣缺乏。

B.which

C.what

D.that

【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為CA）

1.Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television.(2012山東卷)

A.them

B.that

C.which

D.what

2.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it somewhat differently.(2011浙江卷)

A.which

B.what

C.them

D.those

類型四 考查含有整體與部分關(guān)系的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

所謂“部分型”，主要指“先行詞這個(gè)整體中的一部分+of which / whom”這類結(jié)構(gòu)（其中的of表示整體與部分的關(guān)系）。這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的“部分”可以是基數(shù)詞one, two, three, four等，可以是序數(shù)詞the first, the second, the third等（包括the last），可以是分?jǐn)?shù)詞a third, two thirds等，可以是表示數(shù)量意義的不定代詞some, many, half, most, several, a few 等，可以是比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)（如the bigger, the biggest等），等等。如：

There are two(bottles)left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite.只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒(méi)完全喝完。

I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box.我買了一打雞蛋，六個(gè)在我失手掉了盒子時(shí)摔碎了。

There were a lot of computers at the exhibition, any(one)of which would have suited me perfectly.展覽會(huì)上有很多電腦，無(wú)論哪一種都會(huì)非常適合我用。

I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed.有人給我三本關(guān)于烹飪的書，其中的第一本我特別喜歡。

注意，“表示整體中一部分的詞語(yǔ)+of which / whom”有時(shí)也可說(shuō)成“of which / whom +表示整體中一部分的詞語(yǔ)”。如：

There were 500 passengers, 121 of whom drowned.=There were 500 passengers, of whom 121 drowned.共有500位乘客，其中有121人被淹死了。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為CA）

1.In our class there are 46 students, ______ half wear glasses.(2012四川卷)

A.in whom

B.in them

C.of whom

D.of them

2.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.(2010浙江卷)

A.whom

B.which

C.them

D.those

類型五 考查含所有關(guān)系的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

所謂“所有型”，主要指在“名詞+of which / whom”這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞of表示所有關(guān)系，如 the price of the vase，假若在出題語(yǔ)境中the vase用作了先行詞，那么該結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)變?yōu)閠he price of which。如：

In 1980 he caught a serious illness the effects of which he still suffers from.1980年他患了到現(xiàn)在對(duì)他仍有影響的重病。

The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.該工廠使用了65%的原材料，其余的原材料被節(jié)省下來(lái)用作其他用途。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為CD）

1.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years.(2011江西卷)

A.for which

B.with which

C.of which

D.to which

2.The newly built café, the walls of ______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.(2010江蘇卷)

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.which

類型六 考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，要特別注意正確選用其中的介詞——這個(gè)介詞既可能與先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣有關(guān)，也可能與定語(yǔ)從句中的某個(gè)名詞、動(dòng)詞或形容詞等的搭配習(xí)慣有關(guān)。如：

The Tower of London, in which so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction.在倫敦塔中曾有許多人喪命，它現(xiàn)在是旅游勝地。（注意搭配in the Tower of London）

Eric received training in computer for one year, after which he found a job in a big company.埃里克接受了為期一年的計(jì)算機(jī)培訓(xùn)，這之后他在一家大公司里找到一份工作。（注意搭配after he received training in computer for one year）

The Acme Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened four new branches.我們公司與之打了好幾年交道的艾科米旅行社開設(shè)了四個(gè)新的分社。（注意搭配deal with the Acme Travel Agency）

【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為BD）

1.100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil.(2012全國(guó)卷II)

A.for B.at C.on D.of

2.Care of the soul is a gradual process, ______ even the small details of life should be considered.(2012湖南卷)

A.what B.in what C.which D.in which

類型七 考查關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞通常只有兩個(gè)——whose和which。它們的區(qū)別是：which用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其意義相當(dāng)于指示代詞this或that；whose用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其意義相當(dāng)于物主代詞（one’s）或所有格結(jié)構(gòu)（the…of…）。如：

The postman comes at 6.30 in

the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep.郵遞員早晨6點(diǎn)30分來(lái)，這個(gè)時(shí)候我通常還睡著大覺呢。（at which time在此相當(dāng)于and at that time）

He won’t want to eat it unless he’s really hungry, in which case he’ll eat almost anything.除非很餓，否則他不會(huì)吃東西，一旦餓了，他幾乎什么都吃。（in which case在此相當(dāng)于and in that case）

Have you seen the film “Titanic”, whose leading actor is world famous? 你看過(guò)那部由世界著名演員主演的電影——泰坦尼克嗎？（whose在此相當(dāng)于and its）

I went to see my friends the Forrests, whose children I used to look after when they were small.我去看我的朋友福里斯特一家，在他家的孩子很小的時(shí)候我曾經(jīng)照料過(guò)他們。（whose在此相當(dāng)于and their）

【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為B）

I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.(2012天津卷)

A.who

類型八 考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與特殊句式的結(jié)合非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)會(huì)與某些特殊句式或短語(yǔ)綜合在一起構(gòu)成一類比較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

The shops were closed, which was why I didn’t get any milk.商店都關(guān)門了，所以我沒(méi)買到牛奶。（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與that’s why…句式綜合）

B.whose

C.whom

D.which

Each has faced similar hardships, which is why they are friends.每個(gè)人都曾碰到相似的困難，這就是他們成為朋友的原因。（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與that’s why…句式綜合）

We’ve been invited to Rachel and Jamie’s wedding—speaking of which, did you know that they’re moving to Ealing? 我們應(yīng)邀參加了雷切爾和杰米的婚禮——說(shuō)到這事，你知道他們要搬到伊令去嗎？（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與短語(yǔ) speak of綜合）

【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為D）

I’m afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.(2011山東卷)

A.that

B.when

C.where

D.why

此題雖然命題者將空格留給了why，但另一種出題方式便是將空格留給which。

第二篇：初中非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的講解

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常和主句間用逗號(hào)隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分，that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

例如: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然聳立，它是一百多年前建造的。)3.有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞 4.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.5.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。

例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。6.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。

例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。

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非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)主句內(nèi)容，或先行詞的補(bǔ)充、解釋或附加說(shuō)明。主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用逗號(hào)分開，常常單獨(dú)翻譯。沒(méi)有它，主句意思仍然完整。

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有as，which，who，whom，whose等，作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞有when，where等，作定語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不能省。

一、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。常表說(shuō)話人關(guān)于說(shuō)話的依據(jù)、態(tài)度、評(píng)論、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定語(yǔ)從句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等動(dòng)詞的主、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句。

1． ____is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month．

A．It B．As C．That D．What 2．Mike，as we expected，attended the meeting．

像我們所期望的那樣，邁克參加了會(huì)議。

3．He wasn't unconsicious，as could be judged from his eyes． 他并未失去知覺，這從他的眼神可以判斷出來(lái)。

二、which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的情況很多。

（一）指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容時(shí)，常表事實(shí)、狀態(tài)、起因等，有“這就使得、這一點(diǎn)”等意思，常置主句末。主句與定語(yǔ)從句用逗號(hào)分開。

1．Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，of course，madethe others unhappy．

A．who B．which C．this D．what

（二）指代先行詞有多種情況。定語(yǔ)從句置先行詞后面。

1．在“n．／pron．／num．．．．＋prep．＋ which”，“prep．＋which”定語(yǔ)從句里。

1）They talked about a movie，the name of which I've never forgotten．他們談?wù)撨^(guò)一部電影，我決不會(huì)忘記片名。

2）In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals，16．5 of which were won by women．

在悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì)，中國(guó)隊(duì)奪得了28枚金牌，其中16．5枚是女子奪得的。3）China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan． 中國(guó)有數(shù)千個(gè)島嶼，其中最大的是臺(tái)灣島。

4）Chaplin went to the states in 1910，by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies．

卓別林1910年去了美國(guó)，那時(shí)他已學(xué)會(huì)跳舞和演喜劇了。2．表唯一性，或者就是指代先行詞的事物時(shí)。

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The dam，which is the biggest in the world，is 3，830 metres long． 大壩長(zhǎng)3，830米，是世界上最大的壩。3．先行詞是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物時(shí)。

The moon，which doesn't give out light itself，is only a satellite of the earth．月球本身不發(fā)光，它只是地球的一個(gè)衛(wèi)星。

4．先行詞表示類屬的事物時(shí)。

Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world．足球是一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)，全世界都踢足球。

5．先行詞是專有名詞時(shí)。

1）Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China，the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam，which is also in Egypt．

世界上最大的三項(xiàng)人造工程是中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高壩，它也在埃及。

2）The Nile，which used to flood every year，now runs more regularly below the dam．

尼羅河年年漲洪水，現(xiàn)在比較正常地在大壩下面流過(guò)了。

6．先行詞是表人的職業(yè)、品質(zhì)、身份等名詞，作定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。主句和定語(yǔ)從句之間含有對(duì)比的意思。

Mike's brother is a policeman，which he isn't． 邁克的哥哥是警察，他可不是。7．先行詞是形容詞作定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。主句和定語(yǔ)從句含有對(duì)比的意思。Li Ling is very clever，which Li Long isn't． 李玲很聰明，李瓏可不是。

8．先行詞是集體名詞表整體意思時(shí)。

My family，which has 35 people，is a large one．我家有35口人，是一個(gè)大家庭。

9．先行詞是國(guó)家名詞表地域概念時(shí)。

Last year he went to Egypt，which is in Africa． 他去年去了埃及，埃及在非洲。

三、as，which是指代主句內(nèi)容的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表依據(jù)、評(píng)論與表事實(shí)、狀態(tài)等沒(méi)有多大差別，又在主句末時(shí)，有時(shí)可以通用。

1．He is quite pleased，as ／which can be seen from his face． 他非常高興，從他的表情可以看出來(lái)。

2．You always work hard，as ／which everyone knows． 大家都知道，你一向勤奮學(xué)習(xí)。

但是，上面兩句把定語(yǔ)從句置主句句首時(shí)，就只能用as。

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3．This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see．

像任何人都能看見那樣，這頭象像條蛇。

4．Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light．

竹子是空的，這就使得它很輕。在否定意義的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句里，一般用which引導(dǎo)。

5．He came to my birthday party，which I didn't expect at all． 我完全沒(méi)有想到，他來(lái)參加我的生日聚會(huì)了。

四、who，whom，whose等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，指代人的普通名詞、專有名詞等。表示正是或?qū)Ｖ赶刃性~等情況。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。

1．Bob's father，who worked on the project，spent four years in Egypt． 鮑勃的父親從事這項(xiàng)工程，在埃及度過(guò)了四年。

2．Dad，this is Zheng Jie，who I knew in Paris．

爸，這是鄭杰，我在巴黎認(rèn)識(shí)的。這一句是用主格who代替賓格 whom。

3．His mother，whom he loved dearly，died in 1818． 他非常愛戴他的母親，她死于 1818年。4．Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital． 金先生的腿受了重傷，他很快就被送去住院了。

n．／pron．／num．．．．prep．whom；prep． whom；in whose ＋n．；the ＋n．of whom等引導(dǎo)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句。

5．He spoke of a pen-pal，the name of whom ／whose name I've never forgotten．他提到過(guò)一個(gè)筆友，他的名字我從未忘記。

6．About 2，000people，many of whom were Europeans，worked on the project．

大約兩千人從事過(guò)這項(xiàng)工程，其中很多是歐洲人。

7．In his office there are nine clerks，the youngest of whom is Mr Liu．

他辦公室有9個(gè)職員，其中最年輕的是劉先生。

8．I decided to write about Chaplin，one of whose films I had seen several years before．

我決定寫有關(guān)卓別林的代章，他的一部電影我?guī)啄昵熬涂催^(guò)了。

9．We went to hear this famous singer，about whom we had heard many stories．

我們?nèi)ヂ犨@個(gè)著名的歌唱家演唱。我們已經(jīng)聽說(shuō)了有關(guān)他的很多故事。

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10．Mr Pattis，in whose office Ms King was working，was very surprised when he found out her secret．

金女士在帕蒂思辦公室工作。他發(fā)現(xiàn)她的秘密時(shí)感到非常驚奇。

五、when，where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)。when ＝and then，where ＝and there。why不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

1．He was quickly taken to hospital，where a doctor wanted to examine Mr King's legs．

金先生很快被送去住院，在那里一個(gè)醫(yī)生要檢查他的腿。

2．We will put off the outing until next week，when we won't be so busy．

我們把郊游推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)我們不會(huì)那么忙了。

3．He went to America in 1912，where and when he was noticed by an important film director．

他在1912年去了美國(guó)，當(dāng)時(shí)他在那里引起了一個(gè)重要電影導(dǎo)演的注意。在prep．where ／when非限制性定語(yǔ)從句里，where ＝there，when ＝then。4．His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees．

他的頭很快從第二層樓的一個(gè)窗戶伸出來(lái)了，從那里他只能看見樹木。5．That was in 1929，since when things have been better． 那是在1929年，從那時(shí)起情況就已經(jīng)好轉(zhuǎn)了。

6．I went to bed at ten，before when I was reading for an hour． 我10點(diǎn)去睡覺，在那時(shí)以前我看了1小時(shí)的書。有時(shí)候where ／when可以用prep．which替換。

7．The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own，where theywould be free to keep black slaves．

南方各州要建立一個(gè)屬于他們自己的國(guó)家，在那里他們將自由地保留黑人奴隸。

8．I still remembered January 10，on which ／when he came to see me． 我仍然記得1月10日，那一天他來(lái)看我了。

練習(xí)題：用所給的詞語(yǔ)填空。少數(shù)可以用多次。A．a(chǎn)s B．which C．who D．whom E．whose F．when G．where H．by which time I．from which J．from whom K．north of which L．some of whom M.the biggest of which 1．Dick is going to join in the football game，____was agreed at the meeting．

2．My brother had been an engineer，____ was what he wanted to be．

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第三篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句專題講解

一、基本概念：

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語(yǔ)從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why.二、關(guān)系詞的用法：

（一）關(guān)系代詞的用法：

1． 作主語(yǔ)用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作賓語(yǔ)用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文體中，用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文體中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略，但在正式文體中一般不省略。

3． 作定語(yǔ)用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ)（如上a句），又能作賓語(yǔ)（如上b句）。whose 的先行詞常用來(lái)指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表語(yǔ)只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但時(shí)常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）關(guān)系副詞的用法：

1．when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when時(shí)?？梢允÷裕貏e是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有時(shí)也可以省略。如：

This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：

1． 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)： when = on(in, at, during?)+ which;where = in(at, on?)+ which;why = for which.如：

I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。三．限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1．限制性定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的情況，對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。如：

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。

另外，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，在口語(yǔ)中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)表達(dá)。如：

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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．兩種定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。試比較： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一個(gè)）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一個(gè)）

4．有時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)整個(gè)主句（先行詞）在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：

（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西，因此常譯成“就象? ?那樣”。

（3）如果定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用或當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí)，則常用which，而不用as，如：

She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文體中，以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，如：

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．關(guān)系詞的選擇

1． 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，只能用who 指人，which指物；關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)，常用whom（口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用who）指人，which指物，它們都不能用that代替。

2． 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

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Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者常可以互換；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等詞時(shí)。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容

詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)，如：

Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如：

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)當(dāng)主句是以which，who,what開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情況：

①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句； ②代表整個(gè)主句的意思； ③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。

This is the room in which my father lived last year.這是父親去年居住過(guò)的房子。

5.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that，二者常可互換。

但在下列情況中，用who(m)，而不用that：

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等詞時(shí)。如：

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Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文體中可以說(shuō)：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he, they, those, people, person等詞時(shí)。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)中，可用he that?。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)。如：

Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定語(yǔ)從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如：

A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞，第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句常用who(m)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如：

She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，在下列情況中，一般用關(guān)系詞that:(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the last等詞所修飾時(shí)。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.當(dāng)先行詞被the same所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具體事物時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示同一種類多用as，表示同一事物多用that。

如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.這就是我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)儀器。

This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)一樣。

在抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是沒(méi)有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以兩個(gè)詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.這里要注意的是：

（1）使用as時(shí)，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以省略，但使用that時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中 的動(dòng)詞不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that只是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)“相同”。

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that可以省去而不改變句子原意，甚至連名詞前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same?as”結(jié)構(gòu)中，same和as都不能省略。

(3)當(dāng)“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that作為關(guān)系副詞用時(shí)，不可以直接與as互換。

如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.當(dāng)先行詞前有such, so, as時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：

This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定語(yǔ)從句）

This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

9.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：

as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。

Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句講解

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行

詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行詞

關(guān)系詞

定語(yǔ)從句

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。

三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）

注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。

（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

第五篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句講解

一個(gè)美麗的女孩

a beautiful girl（形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)）一個(gè)穿白色衣服的女孩

a girl in white（介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）一個(gè)正唱歌的女孩

a girl who is singing(定語(yǔ)從句，修飾或限定名詞girl）

一、概念: 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子.Harry Porter is a smart boy.形容詞作定語(yǔ) Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.句子作定語(yǔ),修飾boy, 叫做定語(yǔ)從句 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞 分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)系代詞：who whom whose which that as

關(guān)系代詞 ：when where why 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系

1.A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.the boy =who 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my home.in the school = where 關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指

關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格 關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞 關(guān)系代詞的作用

1.代替先行詞;

２.它還在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分;

3.同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.（把主句和從句連起來(lái)）

關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。

① who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解

作主語(yǔ) The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.作賓語(yǔ)分解、The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.③ which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。

This is a truck which / that is made in China.分解 This is a truck.The truck is made in China.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using is made in Japan.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。

The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.作主語(yǔ) 分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。不可省略。I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl.The girl’s mother is a teacher.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.We live in a house whose windows face south.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.定語(yǔ)從句三步：

第一找出先行詞

第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀

語(yǔ)）

第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)

(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that 不能用which。①當(dāng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等時(shí)。如：

This is all that I want from the school.③當(dāng)先行詞被only, just, very, right, last等修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.由wh-開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句

Who is the man that you are talking about? 練習(xí)：that 與 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。①先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時(shí)。如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行詞為those, he和people時(shí)。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)

The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A．most of them

B．most of whom

C．most of that

D．most of those He was the very one of the students who

praised at the class meeting.A．was

B．were C．is

D．a(chǎn)re The balls are solid，makes them very heavy.it

B．what C．which D．that

The scientist and his achievements

you told me about are admired by us.who

B．that

C．which D． /

He is working hard，will make him pass the final exam.who

B．that

C．which D．it

The museum

we are going to visit is far form our school.where B．that

C．it

D．a(chǎn)s

Which of the two sheep

you keep produces more milk?

that

B．which C．what D．they

The weather turned out to be very good，was more than we could expect.B．which

C．that

D．it

Finally, the thief handed everything

he had stolen to the police.which B．what

C．whatever D．that

Tom as well as his friends who

football matches

to school today.likes;hasn’t gone

B．likes;haven’t gone

C．like;hasn’t gone

D．like;haven’t gone We should learn from those

are ready to help others.A．what

A．who

B．whom C．whose D．they 12.I have two brothers，are doctors.A．both of them

B．both of who

C．both of whom

D．both of they 13.Everything

can be done should be done.A．which B．that

C．a(chǎn)ll

D．where 14.Is oxygen the only gas

helps fire burn?

A．that

B．/

C．which D．what

15.The first place

we visited in that city was a big factory.A．where B．in which C．that

D．which

16.Which is the largest bridge

was built across the river?

A．that

B．which C．where D．on which 17.Please pass me the dictionary

cover is black.A．which B．its

C．whose D．which of 18.This is the very place

I’m wishing to live in.A．where B．which C．that

D．in which 19.She always gives in to those _____ have money.A．in which B．who

C．that

D．which

二、從下框中選擇合適的關(guān)系代詞填空。

that;which;who;whose;不填

This is the village ______ I ever visited last year.I will always remember the days ______ we spent in the village.I will never forget the boy ______ ever helped me.He lives in the room ______ door is green.This is the best movie ______ we have seen this year.The trees _____ stand by the river have been green.These are the very books _____ I am looking for.It was the largest map _____ I had even seen.He made notes of everything _____ he read.10.Yesterday I met the teacher _____ once taught us maths.