第一篇：初中英語(yǔ)“定語(yǔ)從句” 考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)講解

定語(yǔ)從句是各地中考英語(yǔ)的必考內(nèi)容之一，結(jié)合近幾年的中考英語(yǔ)試題，給同學(xué)們總結(jié)了定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行了全面的解析，在這里分享給大家，方便同學(xué)們考前的再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)。

首先大家要清楚，什么是定語(yǔ)從句？就是指在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句，叫定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。同學(xué)們還要知道定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who, whom, whose等。關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。接下來(lái)說(shuō)一說(shuō)，定語(yǔ)從句考查的重點(diǎn)：

1、考查關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的用法。

選擇關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵，取決于關(guān)系詞在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑绻P(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，就用關(guān)系副詞。看下面的例題解析：

考點(diǎn)歸納：英語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞，它們的用法分別是： 1）who用來(lái)指人，也就是說(shuō)，它的先行詞必須是人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。要注意的是who的前面不能有介詞，如果帶介詞，就必須用賓格whom形式。大家看下面的例句：

2）whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，讓它指代物的時(shí)候，相當(dāng)于of which 例如，3）在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which, that可以通用，但有的時(shí)候只能用which，不用that看下面分析:

2、考查只能用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，有下面幾種情況：

3、考查which在非限定性從句中的用法。大家要先知道什么是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，它是先行詞的一個(gè)附加修飾語(yǔ)，是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪掉它不影響整個(gè)句子的意思。那么限定性定語(yǔ)從句呢？它是用于修飾和限定先行詞，與先行詞之間的關(guān)系非常密切，如果去掉，剩下的那部分意思就含糊不清了。看下面的具體分析：

接下來(lái)我們，具體看一下，限定性從句和非限定性從句的區(qū)別，列表解釋如下：

4、綜合考查引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞和引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞用法，例如：

5、考查簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)化為含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，例句解析：

6、考查含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句。

7、考查定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。

這類(lèi)時(shí)態(tài)題在近幾年各地中考試題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，是大家很難準(zhǔn)確判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。在解答這類(lèi)題的時(shí)候，同學(xué)們一定要領(lǐng)會(huì)語(yǔ)境，然后再根據(jù)主句和從句中動(dòng)詞的先后順序來(lái)確定動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。看下面例題：

總之，定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)非常多，同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候，要牢固掌握這些基本考點(diǎn)，并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)，中考一定會(huì)考得好成績(jī)。

第二篇：初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)

初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why 一．關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1）先行詞是人：who∕whom ∕that(區(qū)分：who可做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，whom只能做賓語(yǔ))

Is he the man ＿＿＿ wants to see you?

He is the man ＿＿＿＿＿＿I saw yesterday.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿＿＿lost his way Mr.Liu is the person ＿＿＿＿＿＿you talked about on the bus.2）先行詞是事物：which∕that 3)whose 用來(lái)指人或物（,若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：

我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)車(chē)被偷的男人。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠色封面的書(shū)。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 二．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1）when, where, why ﹦“介詞+ which” when= on/in/at which I still remember the day ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I joined the Party.。I won’t forget the day＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I spent with you.2）where=in/on which Beijing is the place ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I was born.I can see the desk ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ there is a book.這是我去年參觀過(guò)的山村＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

▲當(dāng)point, situation，conditions等詞作先行詞表抽象的地點(diǎn),其后常由where引導(dǎo)

Can you think out a situation ＿＿＿ this word can be used?

Her illness has developed to the point ＿＿＿ nobody can cure her.3）why=for which Is this the reason ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)e refused our help?

沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

三、that 的用法

1）不用that的情況：介詞后不能用 2）只能用that的情況

a．在there be 句型中

商店里有一個(gè)我喜歡的玩具。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

b.在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞

你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

所需的只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

C．先行詞有the only, the very，the same，the last修飾時(shí)。

他是唯一解得出這道題的學(xué)生。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ d.先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)。

他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 她是我們班最高的女生。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ e.先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

我能清楚記得我所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ d.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù) Who is the girl＿＿＿＿ is crying？

1.Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.A.which B.what C.as D.those 2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that B.where C.which D.the one 4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A.that B.where C.which D.the one 5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.A.that B.where C.in which D.in that 6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.A.at which B.on that C.in which D.of what 9.I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.A.all which B.that C.all that D.which 10.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 11.I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.A.as

B.that C.which D.what 12.He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which B.it C.that D.what 13.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that

17.Didn’t you see the man ________?

A.I nodded just now B.whom I nodded just now

C.I nodded to him just now D.I nodded to just now 18.Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?

A.that you talked B.you talked about it C.which you talked with D.you talked about 19.Is there anything _______ to you?

A.that is belonged

B.that belongs

C.that belong D.which belongs 20.----“How do you like the book?”

----“It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”

A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what 22.The train _______ she was travelling was late.A.which B.where C.on which D.in that 23.He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.A.where B.in which C.under which D.which 24.Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.which B.where C.that D.about which 25.It’s the third time _______ late this month.A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived

D.when you’ve arrived 26.It was in 1969 _______the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that B.which C.when D.in which 27.May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which B.when C.on which D.about which 28.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.which B.that C.who D.where 29.The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at B.where we stayed at C.we stayed D.in that we stayed 30.Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced?

A.in which B.where C.which D.that 34.Is that the reason _______ you are in favour of the proposal?

A.which

B.what

C.why D.for that 35.He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.A.that B.as C.who D.what 36.He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.A.two of whom B.both of whom C.both of which D.all of whom 37.I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is

B.who am C.that is D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom 39.----Do you know the town at all?---No, this is the first time I ________ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 40.I don’t like _______ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 41.The two things _______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about which B.of which C.in which

D.for which 42.The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______.A.would have B.have had C.had never had D.had ever had 43.Do you know which hotel _______?

A.she is staying B.she is staying in C.is she staying D.is she staying in 44.There is only one thing _______ I can do.A.what B.that C.all D.which 45.Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used?

A.which B.that C.where D.in that 46.I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.A.them B.that C.which D.those 47.They were interested _______ you told them.A.in which B.in that C.all that D.in everything 48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much

help for knowing space.A.which we think it is B.which we think are of C.of which we think is D.I think which is of 49.The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.A.come B.came C.coming D.comes 50.I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./

43.Do you know which hotel _______?

A.she is staying B.she is staying in C.is she staying D.is she staying in 44.There is only one thing _______ I can do.A.what B.that C.all D.which 45.Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used?

A.which B.that C.where D.in that 46.I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.A.them B.that C.which D.those 47.They were interested _______ you told them.A.in which B.in that C.all that D.in everything 48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much

help for knowing space.A.which we think it is B.which we think are of C.of which we think is 49.The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.A.come B.came C.coming D.comes 50.I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./

D.I think which is of

[參考答案] 1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD 31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC 46—50 CDBBC

用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：

1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2.I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.3.Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5.I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6.This is the school ______I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8.Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10.Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11.Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.13.There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14.It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15.It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16.It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17.The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(認(rèn)出)you.18.This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.19.This is the way____he did it.20.Who is the student _____was late for school today? 21.Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him? 22.What else was there in my brother____you didn't like? 23.He lives in the room____window faces to the south.24.He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.25.This is Mr.John for____son I brought a book yesterday.26.This is Mr.John for_____I bought a book yesterday.27.This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.28.And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.29.Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.30.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.KEYS: 1.when 2.when 3.which 4.that/which 5.that 6.where 7.that/which 8.where 9.which 10.where 11.where 12.which 13.when 14.that 15.that 16.that 17.(that)18.which 19.(that/in which)

20.that21.that 22 that

23.whose 24.of which 25.whose26.whom 27.when 28.that 29.that 30.where

第三篇：淺談初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的講解教學(xué)

淺談初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的講解

定語(yǔ)從句是初中英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。雖然初中英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句一般要求學(xué)生掌握限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但對(duì)于初中學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，定語(yǔ)從句既是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。而且對(duì)初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況會(huì)直接影響高中英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句的掌握水平。

要讓學(xué)生理解和掌握定語(yǔ)從句，可以從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：

一、讓學(xué)生明確什么是定語(yǔ)從句

（一）首先讓學(xué)生理解什么是定語(yǔ)。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的語(yǔ)文已經(jīng)淡化語(yǔ)法教學(xué)，對(duì)于初中學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，即使是漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)也不一定弄得清楚，更何況是英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)。所以在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句前，必須讓學(xué)生理解定語(yǔ)的含義。句子中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫做定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞，名詞，不定式，分詞，動(dòng)名詞或從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。例如： a beautiful city.（形容詞），something interesting，（形容詞修飾不定代詞的定語(yǔ)后置）an English teacher（名詞），a lot of work to do.（不定式）在講解過(guò)程中，先舉例說(shuō)明，再讓學(xué)生把這些詞組翻譯成漢語(yǔ)，然后得出結(jié)論修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞，意思為“??的”的詞或短語(yǔ)就是定語(yǔ)。

（二）然后讓學(xué)生明白什么是定語(yǔ)從句。在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。例如： I like the music that I can dance to.The man who is standing under the tree is Mr Li.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生這些句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)，再讓學(xué)生指出哪些詞是定語(yǔ)，并讓學(xué)生觀察定語(yǔ)的位置。于是，很自然地就讓學(xué)生明白英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之后，而漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)則放在被修飾詞之前。

（三）讓學(xué)生辨別定語(yǔ)從句

在初中階段，學(xué)生容易把賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句混淆，所以有必要讓學(xué)生比較和區(qū)分兩種從句。例如I can’t understand what he said.He told me that he had bought another new bike.I can’t understand anything that he said.He told me a story that was funny.讓學(xué)生翻譯比較這些句子，然后引導(dǎo)他們總結(jié)出兩者的不同。

二、讓學(xué)生掌握定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)

定語(yǔ)從句中的句型結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，有先行詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞.關(guān)系代詞主要有that, which, who, whom, whose 等。關(guān)系副詞主要有where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如： The woman whose son works as a doctor is very kind.(做定語(yǔ))I can’t forget the day that he spent with me.（做賓語(yǔ)）

The girl who is in red is a new comer.（做主語(yǔ)）

在具體的示例中，要求學(xué)生找出哪里是先行詞，哪里是從句，哪些是關(guān)系代詞或副詞，并明確它們?cè)趶木渲械某煞帧Ｔ诜治鼋Y(jié)構(gòu)的過(guò)程中一定要由淺入深，循序漸進(jìn)，便于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和理解。

三、讓學(xué)生明白何時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞，何時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞

對(duì)于初中學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，何時(shí)選用冠詞代詞或關(guān)系副詞是定語(yǔ)從句中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。例如：I can’t forget the day _______ he spent with me.又如：The river ______ they are swimming is very dirty.The river ________ they are swimming in is very dirty.不少學(xué)生是憑借感覺(jué)來(lái)完成兩種連詞的選擇的。其實(shí)，這涉及到從句是否缺賓語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)之后沒(méi)有名詞,代詞或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),我們可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（謂語(yǔ)+介詞）和前面的先行詞進(jìn)行搭配，看看兩個(gè)部分是否能構(gòu)成正確的動(dòng)賓搭配。如，spent the day with me, swimming in the river.如果能形成正確的動(dòng)賓搭配，則從句缺賓語(yǔ)，故選擇關(guān)系代詞，反之，如果不能構(gòu)成正確的動(dòng)賓搭配，則判斷從句不缺賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選關(guān)系副詞。在實(shí)際練習(xí)中,一定要強(qiáng)調(diào),不能太看重先行詞的意思,還要明確地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握定語(yǔ)從句的解題步驟:先看從句類(lèi)型,再分析從句主干,再看先行詞,最后確定關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系幅詞的選擇.四、讓學(xué)生理解并巧記關(guān)系代詞的用法

通過(guò)講解和基本練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生明白定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)后，就必須讓學(xué)生弄懂怎么選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞了。

教學(xué)過(guò)程中堅(jiān)持先一般再個(gè)別的原則，由淺入深地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和掌握關(guān)系代詞。在練習(xí)之后，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生巧記關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： that 指物又指人，做主做賓都可行； which專(zhuān)指物，做主做賓兩不誤； who 只指人，可做主語(yǔ)和普賓； whom專(zhuān)指人，可做普賓和特賓。(特賓是指作提前的介詞的賓語(yǔ),普賓是一般情況的賓語(yǔ),即介未提前的情況)當(dāng)先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞作提前的介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom;當(dāng)先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞作提前介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which.例如：The man to whom my mother is talking is my father.The survey in which many students have taken part is very great.當(dāng)然還要讓學(xué)生專(zhuān)門(mén)掌握一下必須用 that的情況。在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，必須強(qiáng)調(diào)解題步驟，先看從句，找出句子主干，確定是否缺賓語(yǔ)，確定是否該選關(guān)系代詞,然后再看先行詞,確定關(guān)系代詞所指代的內(nèi)容.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)；當(dāng)先行詞是指物的不定代詞時(shí)； 當(dāng)先行詞由形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；當(dāng)先行詞由序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)； 當(dāng)先行詞由the only, the very修飾時(shí)。

在教學(xué)過(guò)程中還要請(qǐng)學(xué)生區(qū)分類(lèi)似的句子: The Great Wall was the first

place that I went to.和 The Great Wall was the first place where I went.另外，當(dāng)先行詞和從句的主語(yǔ)存在所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whose 例如：Ｉlike the book whose cover is blue.五、讓學(xué)生學(xué)以致用

學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的目的就是應(yīng)用。因此，在講解了定語(yǔ)從句的知識(shí)后，一定要設(shè)法讓學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際。在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，只要一遇到定語(yǔ)從句，就讓學(xué)生辨別，分析其結(jié)構(gòu)，并讓他們翻譯練習(xí)。在平時(shí)的寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練和檢測(cè)中有意地要求學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句。久而久之，定語(yǔ)從句這個(gè)難題就引刃而解了。

總之，任何一種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象都有其自身的規(guī)則，都是在學(xué)習(xí)中理解，都是在理解中明確，都是在運(yùn)用中掌握。只要我們引導(dǎo)我們的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中多注意，多觀察，多分析，多領(lǐng)會(huì)并多應(yīng)用，相信無(wú)論什么語(yǔ)法難題都不是問(wèn)題了。

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題講解

一、基本概念：

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語(yǔ)從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why.二、關(guān)系詞的用法：

（一）關(guān)系代詞的用法：

1． 作主語(yǔ)用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作賓語(yǔ)用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注：在非正式文體中，用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文體中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略，但在正式文體中一般不省略。

3． 作定語(yǔ)用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ)（如上a句），又能作賓語(yǔ)（如上b句）。whose 的先行詞常用來(lái)指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念，這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)4． 作表語(yǔ)只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但時(shí)常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）關(guān)系副詞的用法：

1．when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when時(shí)常可以省略，特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有時(shí)也可以省略。如：

This is the place(where)we met yesterday.3． why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：

1． 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)： when = on(in, at, during?)+ which;where = in(at, on?)+ which;why = for which.如：

I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2． 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。三．限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1．限制性定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的情況，對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? 2．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。如：

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。

另外，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，在口語(yǔ)中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)表達(dá)。如：

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I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．兩種定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。試比較： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一個(gè)）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一個(gè)）

4．有時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)整個(gè)主句（先行詞）在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.He has left here, which greatly upsets me.注：

（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西，因此常譯成“就象? ?那樣”。

（3）如果定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用或當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí)，則常用which，而不用as，如：

She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.5．在正式文體中，以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，如：

The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略in which或 that : The way(in which)he spoke to us was suspicious.I don’t like the way(that)you laugh at her.四．關(guān)系詞的選擇

1． 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，只能用who 指人，which指物；關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)，常用whom（口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用who）指人，which指物，它們都不能用that代替。

2． 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

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Do you know the boy(that)she was talking to? The pencil(which/that)he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者常可以互換；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, a lot,(a)little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等詞時(shí)。如： All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如：

The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容

詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)，如：

Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very book that I want to find.(6)當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。如：

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)當(dāng)主句是以which，who,what開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? 4.用which而不用that的情況：

①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句； ②代表整個(gè)主句的意思； ③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。

This is the room in which my father lived last year.這是父親去年居住過(guò)的房子。

5.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that，二者常可互換。

但在下列情況中，用who(m)，而不用that：

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等詞時(shí)。如：

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Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文體中可以說(shuō)：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he, they, those, people, person等詞時(shí)。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)中，可用he that?。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)。如：

Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4)在分隔式定語(yǔ)從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如：

A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞，第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句常用who(m)來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如：

She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.6.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，在下列情況中，一般用關(guān)系詞that:(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the last等詞所修飾時(shí)。如： She is the only person that understands me.7.當(dāng)先行詞被the same所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具體事物時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示同一種類(lèi)多用as，表示同一事物多用that。

如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.這就是我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)儀器。

This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)一樣。

在抽象概念上，同種類(lèi)和同一事物是沒(méi)有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以?xún)蓚€(gè)詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.這里要注意的是：

（1）使用as時(shí)，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以省略，但使用that時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中 的動(dòng)詞不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2)在“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that只是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)“相同”。

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that可以省去而不改變句子原意，甚至連名詞前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same?as”結(jié)構(gòu)中，same和as都不能省略。

(3)當(dāng)“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that作為關(guān)系副詞用時(shí)，不可以直接與as互換。

如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at? 8.當(dāng)先行詞前有such, so, as時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用as。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：

This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定語(yǔ)從句）

This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

9.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：

as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。

Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

第五篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解

定語(yǔ)從句講解

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行

詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

如：

He is the boy

who often goes to school late.先行詞

關(guān)系詞

定語(yǔ)從句

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。

三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）

The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）

The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）

注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。

（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。

（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。