第一篇：高考作文高分寶典之第一編(概述)

高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）高考作文寶典

寫在前面的話

選擇高中，你就選擇了夢(mèng)想與光榮同在、挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇并存的生活；步入高三，你就步入了告別歌舞游玩樂、備嘗酸甜苦辣澀的歲月；走進(jìn)考場(chǎng)，你就走進(jìn)了綻放青春之焰火、揮灑生命之汗水的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。“黑色六月”，我們走進(jìn)第一科的考場(chǎng)，擺在我們面前的是一套密布方塊文字的語(yǔ)文試卷。前面90分題如大山一座，已讓我們攀登得氣喘吁吁，這時(shí)，作文，這平時(shí)就讓我們望而生畏的絕頂，又矗立在眼前！開弓沒有回頭箭。運(yùn)足平生力氣，調(diào)動(dòng)平生智慧，奮力攀登，高凌絕頂，眾山皆小。我們不必畏懼：高考創(chuàng)佳績(jī)，功夫在平時(shí)。只要平時(shí)多寫勤練，廣積深思，練就“少林真功夫”，高考作文有何懼哉？我們不必遲疑：萬(wàn)山皆有路，披跡自尋求。只要平時(shí)善于鉆研，探索規(guī)律，洞悉做人作文之真諦，區(qū)區(qū)千字有何憂哉？古代用兵打仗者，竭其心力于戰(zhàn)前謀劃。“謀”之關(guān)鍵，在于了解己方實(shí)力、特點(diǎn)，熟知敵方兵力、部署。此所謂“知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆”也。高考作文備考也應(yīng)如此。我們既要注重平時(shí)的作文訓(xùn)練，講數(shù)量，更講質(zhì)量，還要深入了解歷年高考作文命題情形和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，理解《語(yǔ)文考試說明》中關(guān)于作文部分的命題要求，掌握一些快速審題、快速立意的技巧，積累一些使作文升格、提優(yōu)、增加亮色的招數(shù)，這樣才能創(chuàng)作一篇讓自己滿意、讓閱卷老師愜意的美文，打贏高考第一仗。本資料結(jié)合多年來的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)高考作文做一點(diǎn)探討，希望對(duì)親愛的同學(xué)們有所啟發(fā)、有所幫助。有道是：

高考作文竟如何？審題立意費(fèi)琢磨。神采風(fēng)華看平時(shí)，體驗(yàn)感悟入生活。思想感情常錘煉，技巧絕招不厭多。百煉成鋼不覺難，知己知彼奏凱歌。

第一編 概 述

文題一：高考考場(chǎng)作文高分獲取三部曲 一．高考作文的基本類型：

（1）命題作文（2）話題作文（3）題意作文（4）材料作文 二.高考作文的寫作要領(lǐng): 第一: 審題與立意-------口訣: 抱著話題打滾 第二: 定體與構(gòu)篇-------口訣: 選擇最擅長(zhǎng)的文體 第三: 突破與升格---------口訣: 要有若干亮點(diǎn) ●第一步 審題，確定寫作的重點(diǎn)與范圍。(一)話題作文的審題：

話題作文一般由“引入性材料+闡釋性話語(yǔ)+話題核心詞+寫作要求”構(gòu)成。“材料”主要用來引出話題，同時(shí)對(duì)話題的走向起導(dǎo)向和提示作用；“提示語(yǔ)”主要是啟發(fā)審題立意，打開寫作思路；“要求”則是寫作時(shí)注意的事項(xiàng)，寫作時(shí)不可輕視。話題作文審題包括：審材料，審提示，審話題，審要求。最關(guān)鍵的是審話題，包括審準(zhǔn)話題的寫作范圍與寫作重點(diǎn)。

⑴單個(gè)詞語(yǔ)型話題：其話題本身是一個(gè)字或一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)。名詞要注意其本義、引

高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）

在寫法上，以往的材料作文很容易套用“三段論”、“四步法”。引述材料、分析材料、聯(lián)系材料、歸結(jié)材料幾乎成了這類作文固定的寫作模式(并不是說這種模式完全要不得，作為基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練它是可以的，但在選拔考試中，這種模式作文肯定占不了什么優(yōu)勢(shì))。而話題式材料作文，除了明確限定性內(nèi)容外，同學(xué)們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)，完全可以突破傳統(tǒng)材料作文所形成的種種程式，在最廣闊的思維空間里，大膽地發(fā)表自己對(duì)事物的高見，不拘一格地寫出社會(huì)生活的五彩繽紛，寫出自己的最精彩的故事。

●第二步：作文的立意（中心觀點(diǎn)的確立）

（一）話題作文的立意（中心觀點(diǎn)的確立）：

話題作文的立意應(yīng)考慮的幾個(gè)方向：一是使話題表達(dá)的主題更加明確；一是使話題表達(dá)的主題更加具體；一是使話題表達(dá)的主題易于深化；一是使話題表達(dá)的主題更為新穎。從話題作文的話題結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)看，話題可分為詞語(yǔ)型話題、句子型話題、關(guān)系型話題。

⑴：詞語(yǔ)型話題（包括獨(dú)詞類，偏正短語(yǔ)類）的立意：

詞語(yǔ)型話題，中心論點(diǎn)可用其造句進(jìn)行提煉。對(duì)話題采用“前添加，后添加，中間添加”的辦法（添加定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)等修飾語(yǔ)，或添加主謂賓等主干成分），“寬題走窄”，即化大為小，使話題更具體明確，或把話題補(bǔ)充為一個(gè)句子。那么，文章的立意也就出來了。如：話題“臉”（05江西），擴(kuò)展為短語(yǔ)：媽媽的臉，孔繁森的臉，曹操的臉；城市的臉，中國(guó)的臉，地球的臉；美化臉部，化裝臉部；美麗的臉，丑陋的臉。擴(kuò)展為句子：我希望有一張?zhí)焓沟哪槪恍θ荩瑢懺谀樕希蝗龂?guó)史是一部“臉”史；請(qǐng)你收起偽善的臉；改革開放的成果展露在人們的臉上。再如2005年高考山東卷的話題“雙贏的智慧”，我們就可以造出這樣一些句子來：經(jīng)商中需要雙贏的智慧，中國(guó)對(duì)外交往中也需要雙贏的智慧，人際交往中更需要雙贏的智慧；集體和個(gè)人應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)雙贏的智慧，雙贏的智慧來自雙方共同的需要，雙贏的智慧可以實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展??這樣一來，思路展開了，理解話題也就變得容易多了，立意也就出來了。

⑵：句子型話題（包括主謂短語(yǔ)類，動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)類）的立意

句子型話題，其本身就是中心論點(diǎn)，但必須通過添加不同類型的六種成分使之具體化，從而列舉出不同的立意。如話題：雕琢心中的天使。從對(duì)象的角度添加：誰(shuí)雕琢心中的天使？添加主語(yǔ)或通過添加不同的類屬定語(yǔ)細(xì)化主語(yǔ)————（我，媽媽，孔子，叢飛，巴金，李白----）雕琢心中的天使。從原因的角度添加：為什么要雕琢心中的天使？給謂語(yǔ)“雕琢”添加各個(gè)層面的原因狀語(yǔ)———因?yàn)椋ㄘ?zé)任感，使命感；人生有追求，個(gè)人有理想；---------）而雕琢心中的天使。從辦法（方式）的角度添加：怎樣雕琢心中的天使？給謂語(yǔ)“雕琢”添加各種的方式狀語(yǔ)———（用愛，用奉獻(xiàn)，用執(zhí)著；用改造自己，用保持本色；用勇敢，用堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，用獻(xiàn)身）雕琢心中的天使。從賓語(yǔ)的類屬角度添加:雕琢心中的什么樣的天使。從賓語(yǔ)的類屬角度添加定語(yǔ)———雕琢心中（人格高尚，才能卓越，形象高大，本色純真，貢獻(xiàn)巨大）的天使。從后果（意義）的角度添加：雕琢心中的天使就會(huì)怎么樣。在話題后面添加詞語(yǔ)或句子———雕琢心中的天使，就會(huì)（自己幸福，人生精彩，社會(huì)美好；天地寬廣，人際和諧，社會(huì)進(jìn)步---------）⑶：關(guān)系型話題的立意： 重在考查考生的思辨能力。故構(gòu)思作文之前，最重要的是要用辯證思維的方法，辨清構(gòu)成話題的詞和詞、短語(yǔ)和短語(yǔ)之間的特定關(guān)系。這種關(guān)系即為中心論點(diǎn)。1．對(duì)立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系：就是各要素單一來看是對(duì)立矛盾的，但實(shí)質(zhì)上它們又相互依存、相輔相成、和諧統(tǒng)一。也可稱之為無(wú)此無(wú)彼式。如“自由與紀(jì)律”這個(gè)話題，沒有“自由”就無(wú)所謂“紀(jì)律”，沒有“紀(jì)律”也就沒有“自由”，二者

高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）3．追問結(jié)果法——即問一個(gè)“會(huì)怎樣”

追問結(jié)果法，就是把由話題（標(biāo)題）確定的中心論點(diǎn)作為前提，去推想在這個(gè)前提下將會(huì)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果（意義、價(jià)值、影響）。例1：話題“答案是豐富多彩的”。提煉：以“答案是豐富多彩的”為前提，可以去闡發(fā)“答案是豐富多彩”的意義（結(jié)果）。這樣我們可以想到：⑴在思維領(lǐng)域，正因?yàn)榇鸢傅呢S富多彩，才有那么多發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，才有“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的局面；⑵在文學(xué)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，正因?yàn)榇鸢傅呢S富多彩，才有風(fēng)格的多樣、創(chuàng)作方法的多樣，才有“百花齊放”的絢麗多彩；⑶在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，正因?yàn)榇鸢肛S富多彩，我們經(jīng)濟(jì)才繁榮，社會(huì)生活才豐富多彩。例2：題目《這山望著那山高》。提煉：題目《這山望著那山高》即為中心論點(diǎn)，無(wú)須擴(kuò)展成句子，用推想結(jié)果的方法提煉：①這山望著那山高，人就會(huì)永不滿足； ②這山望著那山高，人就會(huì)精益求精； ③這山望著那山高，人就會(huì)進(jìn)取開拓； ④這山望著那山高，人就會(huì)力爭(zhēng)上游。4．追問對(duì)象法——即問一個(gè)“關(guān)涉到哪些人事物”

追問對(duì)象法，就是先將由話題（標(biāo)題）確定的中心論點(diǎn)用一個(gè)句子表達(dá)出來，再看這個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)可涉及到哪些人（事、物），然后補(bǔ)出來或者具體列舉出來，即成為分論點(diǎn)。例1：06年廣東高考，話題“雕琢心中的天使”。提煉：將話題變具體一點(diǎn)為“用愛雕琢心中的天使”，以它作中心論點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)“雕琢”可涉及的人有: 叢飛，李春燕，洪戰(zhàn)輝等，于是可以組合成文章主體部分的三個(gè)內(nèi)容：⑴叢飛用愛雕琢心中的天使；⑵李春燕用愛雕琢心中的天使；⑶洪戰(zhàn)輝等用愛雕琢心中的天使。例2：以“最美的顏色”為話題作文。提煉：把話題補(bǔ)充為“什么是最美的顏色”，于是可得到分論點(diǎn)：⑴綠色是最美的顏色，因?yàn)樗巧念伾虎萍t色是最美的顏色，因?yàn)樗笳鳠崆椋虎前咨亲蠲赖念伾驗(yàn)樗笳骷儩崱?/p>

5．追問內(nèi)容法-——即問一個(gè)“關(guān)涉哪些方面”

追問內(nèi)容法，就是先將由話題（標(biāo)題）確定的中心論點(diǎn)用一個(gè)句子表達(dá)出來，再看這個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)可涉及到哪些人（事、物），然后補(bǔ)出來或者具體列舉出來，即成為分論點(diǎn)。例1： 06年廣東高考，話題“雕琢心中的天使”。提煉：將話題補(bǔ)充為一個(gè)句子：一代大家蘇軾雕琢心中的天使。然后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)“天使”具體化，即得到分論點(diǎn)：⑴一代大家蘇軾把自己雕琢成愛國(guó)的天使（國(guó)家危難時(shí)）；⑵一代大家蘇軾把自己雕琢成的樂觀的天使（受貶時(shí)）⑶一代大家蘇軾把自己雕琢成的詞壇的天使（文學(xué)上）。例2：《拒絕窩囊廢》文題。提煉：題目即為中心論點(diǎn)。對(duì)“窩囊廢”進(jìn)行分析，分析它的所指，可以形成三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)：（1）拒絕平庸無(wú)能者（提倡德才兼?zhèn)洌唬?）拒絕怯懦無(wú)聊者（提倡敢作敢為）；（3）拒絕鼠目寸光者（提倡志存高遠(yuǎn)）。

分論點(diǎn)的表述應(yīng)注意：1．“扣得住”，是說所列的幾個(gè)分論點(diǎn)應(yīng)該從同一角度回答同一問題；2．“分得開”，是說所列分論點(diǎn)之間界限清楚，不互相交叉重疊，沒有包容關(guān)系；3．“排得順”是說分論點(diǎn)的先后順序要合乎邏輯，合乎情理。

●第三步 確定文體與構(gòu)篇

選擇自己最擅長(zhǎng)的文體，文體要固定；文體特征要鮮明，文體不限不代表沒有文體，要寫什么象什么。記敘文要三分之二的篇幅落足于敘述，議論文反之。寫記敘文，最好將主人公設(shè)定為自己，用第一人稱入文，不喊口號(hào)，情真意切。寫議論文要注意事例貼切、事理的分析、引用后的引申，做到首尾呼應(yīng)。（如何確定文體和如何選擇全文結(jié)構(gòu)見后面10篇例文）。●第四步 扣住話題（題目），寫出亮點(diǎn)

1、美化標(biāo)題——絢麗彩虹亮人眼：切忌無(wú)標(biāo)題或以話題為標(biāo)題。題目要出新：（1）揭示主題；（2）反映內(nèi)容；（3）巧用修辭；（4）化用名句；（5）借

高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）《艱難的發(fā)現(xiàn)》《發(fā)現(xiàn)得太晚了》等等。

（二）可寫成議論文。

擬定新的論文題目可以開拓議論的視野。如：《要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)問題》《發(fā)現(xiàn)是成功的必要前提》《發(fā)現(xiàn)自我》《重在發(fā)現(xiàn)》《有感于發(fā)現(xiàn)》《發(fā)現(xiàn)——?jiǎng)?chuàng)新》《發(fā)現(xiàn)和奮斗》等等。當(dāng)然，該作文題也可寫成說明文，如介紹所發(fā)現(xiàn)的某種物品的特征、功用等等。

三、從中得到啟示

1、寫師長(zhǎng)、父母之愛的文章，該方面的內(nèi)容容易寫，但不易寫好，如果寫，應(yīng)寫得巧一點(diǎn)、結(jié)構(gòu)上新一點(diǎn)，如范文《發(fā)現(xiàn)??》。

2、最容易打開思路的是寫幻想（或夢(mèng)想）。可以不受時(shí)間、空間、內(nèi)容的限制，信手拈來，為我所用。如：《神秘的發(fā)現(xiàn)》《奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)》《夢(mèng)的發(fā)現(xiàn)》《科學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)》《我發(fā)現(xiàn)了外星人》。如例文二《意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)》可為引玉之磚。但要注意的是，本身如果沒有科幻方面知識(shí)的積累和寫作的激情，切不可亂用科幻形式寫作。

3、平時(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意審題，開拓思路，見到新的題目后能迅速地和自己熟悉的材料掛上鉤。這樣，寫作就會(huì)變難為易。

4、該類文題雖然同學(xué)們有話可說，但也易于給大家造成誤解，以為作文不必下大的功夫就可得一般或較好的分?jǐn)?shù)。因?yàn)樵擃愵}目可寫的內(nèi)容太多，面太寬。這實(shí)在是一種誤解。事實(shí)上，今后作文題趨勢(shì)可能是：既讓學(xué)生有話可說，又要經(jīng)過平時(shí)刻苦訓(xùn)練才能寫好，真正能反映出學(xué)生的寫作水平。

【范文一】

發(fā)現(xiàn)??

生活中，許許多多的事情在不斷地被我發(fā)現(xiàn)著??

媽媽是個(gè)非常愛干凈的人。洗衣服是寧可不吃不睡也非做不可的“工作”，她把臟衣服放在洗衣板上，揉呀，搓呀，時(shí)時(shí)還用沾滿泡沫的手擦擦額上的汗捶捶發(fā)酸的腰。媽媽洗衣的情景，猶如電影里的一個(gè)鏡頭，不斷地“播放”著。終于有一天，我拿著自己的臟手帕，趁媽媽不注意，偷偷地去洗。費(fèi)了九牛二虎之力，終于把手帕洗干凈了，我吁了一口氣。這時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)早已倚在門邊的媽媽的臉上，露出了欣慰的笑容。

爸爸非常關(guān)心我的學(xué)習(xí)，經(jīng)常了解我的學(xué)習(xí)情況，可他從不陪讀，也不檢查作業(yè)。他總說：“我相信孩子。”我聽了這話，精神上有了一種莫名的動(dòng)力——一定要好好學(xué)。我用自己的成績(jī)證明了這一切。當(dāng)我把大紅的證書捧給爸爸時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，不愛笑的爸爸臉上浮現(xiàn)出了燦爛的笑容。

奶奶七十多歲了，她非常疼愛我，姑姑來看望她時(shí)，總會(huì)帶來許多好吃的東西，而奶奶總是舍不得自己吃。她說：“讓我的乖孫女吃吧，好長(zhǎng)大個(gè)子。”我明白奶奶對(duì)我的愛。于是我拼命地投稿，用得來的稿費(fèi)買了一袋奶粉，當(dāng)我把奶粉放在奶奶眼前時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)她那本已混濁的眼睛里閃出晶瑩的淚花。

發(fā)現(xiàn)，使我看到了媽媽的欣慰；發(fā)現(xiàn)，使我懂得了爸爸的希望；發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓我回報(bào)了奶奶的疼愛。發(fā)現(xiàn)，??

【簡(jiǎn) 評(píng)】

開門點(diǎn)題，簡(jiǎn)潔明快；結(jié)尾扣題，歸結(jié)全文，此生深得作文技法之妙！主體部分寫了三件事，媽媽的勤勞影響了我，當(dāng)我學(xué)會(huì)了生活自理的本領(lǐng)時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了媽媽的笑容；爸爸的循循善誘使我得到了學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力，當(dāng)我的學(xué)習(xí)獲得了優(yōu)異成績(jī)時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了爸爸的希望；當(dāng)我明白了奶奶的疼愛，用稿費(fèi)買了奶粉孝敬奶奶時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了奶奶眼里晶瑩的淚花?? 如此短暫的時(shí)間，作者能把爸爸、媽媽、奶奶的愛和我對(duì)愛的發(fā)現(xiàn)和回報(bào)融在一起寫，是需要有扎實(shí)的寫作功底的。

高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）目標(biāo)與現(xiàn)實(shí)是路上的兩位行人，現(xiàn)實(shí)看目標(biāo)的背影很熟悉，就想追上去看上究竟。但現(xiàn)實(shí)走得快，目標(biāo)也走得快，怎么也追不上，只好在后面大喊“站住”。在目標(biāo)遲疑的瞬間，現(xiàn)實(shí)一下趕上去抓住目標(biāo)，一看卻是與自己相同面貌的人，只是成熟一些。現(xiàn)實(shí)很失望，也累了，就停了下來。目標(biāo)卻一言不發(fā)仍然向前走。現(xiàn)實(shí)醒悟后又大步追了上去??

“上帝待人是公平的”話題作文寫作示例

[題目]上帝待人是公平的：它給了拿破侖一米五的小個(gè)子，卻給了他非凡的才智；它讓梵高一生困苦，卻賦予他繪畫的熱情和天才；它給史鐵生殘缺的肢體，卻贈(zèng)予他一支生花妙筆。所以，我們不能抱怨上帝，抱怨生活，應(yīng)多從自身找原因。

請(qǐng)以“上帝公平待人”為話題寫一篇文章，題目自擬，文體自定，主題不限，不少于800字。

[寫作指津]本話題的寫作也是較寬泛的，只要扣住“我們不能抱怨上帝，抱怨生活，應(yīng)多從自身找原因”就行了。是啊，上帝待人是公平的，它多給你一份美貌，就會(huì)少給你一份智慧；它多給你一份智慧，就會(huì)多給你一些磨難；它多給你一份財(cái)富，就可能讓你享受不到真正的幸福和快樂。因此，我們只要從生活實(shí)際出發(fā)，從自身實(shí)際出發(fā)，就可以寫出膾炙人口的美文佳作。[例文] 尋找幸福

不是苦難太多，只是我們不懂生活；不是幸福太少，只是我們不懂把握。

也許上天沒有賜予你愛因斯坦的聰明才智；王昭君的閉花羞月、沉魚落雁；夢(mèng)娜麗莎的端莊與神秘；也沒有賜予你比爾蓋茨的財(cái)富；小布什的權(quán)力以及居里夫人的榮譽(yù)，但你有沒有想過，你也是一位富有者呢？

也許你要說：“我既沒有金錢，也沒有權(quán)力；既沒有過人的才智，也沒有驕人的容顏，我怎么會(huì)是一個(gè)富有者呢？”請(qǐng)你先坐下來，仔細(xì)想一想。

你不因?yàn)樽约簱碛幸浑p明亮的眼睛而慶幸嗎？當(dāng)你悠閑地觀看著藍(lán)的天、白的云、紅的花、綠的葉時(shí)，不知道有多少盲人正在黑暗的無(wú)底洞里苦苦掙扎。你的不經(jīng)意的一瞥，可能是他們一輩子的渴望和祈求。

你不因?yàn)樽约旱母改赣H仍然健康地在你的身邊而歡喜嗎？當(dāng)冬日里媽媽為你穿上她親手打好的毛衣時(shí)，當(dāng)夏日里父親為你端上一杯涼白開水時(shí)，不知有多少的孤兒在等待，在沉思，他們可能一輩子也不能夠享受到這濃濃的親情，他們可能一生也無(wú)法體味到其中的甜蜜。

你不因?yàn)樽约赫趯挸髁恋慕淌依锝邮苤R(shí)的灌溉而自豪嗎？你有沒有想到窮困山區(qū)里的兒童對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)是多么的神往？你有沒有意識(shí)到輟學(xué)兒童對(duì)校園的癡望？你又有沒有意識(shí)到知識(shí)帶給你的將是多么寶貴的財(cái)富？

你不因?yàn)樽约喝曰钤谶@個(gè)世上而慶幸嗎？你有沒有看到過死亡線上苦苦掙扎的人對(duì)生命的渴望？你有沒有想過只要活在這個(gè)世上，你就擁有了多少有意義、有價(jià)值的財(cái)產(chǎn)？像時(shí)間、親情、友情乃至愛情。

上帝待人是公平的，它可能會(huì)給你一座高山，但高山過后，它會(huì)送給你飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜磨練后的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志；它可能會(huì)給你一處暗礁，但暗礁之后，它也會(huì)送給你一些美麗的浪花；同樣，它也可能送給你一些嬌艷欲滴的玫瑰，但與此同時(shí)，也會(huì)送給你渾身帶刺的花莖，讓你體會(huì)到刻骨銘心的痛。不是嗎？它給了拿破侖一米五的小個(gè)子，卻給了他非凡的才智；它讓梵高一生的困苦，卻賦予他繪畫的熱情和天才；它給了史鐵生殘缺的肢體，卻贈(zèng)予他一支生花妙筆。同樣，它給了楊貴妃傾城傾國(guó)的美貌，卻給了她自行絞殺的慘果；它給了胡長(zhǎng)清至高無(wú)上的權(quán)力，卻給了他人人唾罵的結(jié)局。

所以，不必再抱怨上帝的不公。只有珍惜你所擁有的，善于從生活中尋找

高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）[閱讀材料] 有人認(rèn)為財(cái)富就是“萬(wàn)能”的金錢，有人認(rèn)為財(cái)富是美麗的精神家園。山間明月、石上清流是隱士的財(cái)富；宇宙奧秘、人間萬(wàn)物是智者的財(cái)富；音樂是貝多芬、莫扎特的財(cái)富；色彩卻是達(dá)·芬奇、莫奈的財(cái)富；齊白石的財(cái)富是蝦；徐悲鴻的財(cái)富是馬。總之，每個(gè)人都有自己的財(cái)富，甚至某種痛苦的經(jīng)歷也是一筆寶貴的財(cái)富。

你的財(cái)富是什么呢？請(qǐng)以“我的財(cái)富”為話題，寫一篇文章，文體不限，題目自擬，不少于600字。

[審題突破]“我的”是指我通過努力而獲得的，我擁有的，別人沒有的，對(duì)我的人生產(chǎn)生巨大影響力的東西。根據(jù)題意，“我的”是“財(cái)富”的限制詞，文中必須寫出什么是我的財(cái)富，為什么是“我的”財(cái)富，即“我”同自己擁有的“財(cái)富”之間的情緣或一段動(dòng)人的故事，顯然，這是一篇要求寫出個(gè)人情感體驗(yàn)的文章。但有的考生把“書籍”、“時(shí)間”作為“我的財(cái)富”，就不符合題意，因?yàn)椤皶薄ⅰ皶r(shí)間”是人類共同的財(cái)富，而如果把書籍中的一本書如《魯濱遜飄流記》作為“我的財(cái)富”，從中引出故事，寫出“我”對(duì)這本書的感情，既扣住題意，也不失為一篇好文章，因?yàn)榇藭退藖碚f，未必成為“財(cái)富”，而你卻情有獨(dú)鐘，文章就有了“我”的個(gè)性色彩。此外，一本照相冊(cè)，一疊剪報(bào)本，一枚郵票，乃至一雙草鞋，都可作為“財(cái)富”來寫，關(guān)鍵是要寫出為什么是“我的財(cái)富”而不是一般意義上的“談財(cái)富”，這就是《我的財(cái)富》蘊(yùn)含的要求。

寫好本篇文章，立意選材是關(guān)鍵。要結(jié)合自己的人生經(jīng)歷、體驗(yàn)以及人生態(tài)度來寫，立意要高遠(yuǎn)，情感要真摯；要選取獨(dú)特新穎的題材，符合中學(xué)生生活的實(shí)際，能表現(xiàn)青年人的風(fēng)貌和志趣。圍繞“我的財(cái)富”積極思索，神馳八極，心游萬(wàn)仞，思路自然縱橫豁然：可以寫“我的財(cái)富”是書，表現(xiàn)書給予“我”知識(shí)、精神等方面的滋養(yǎng)；可以寫“我的財(cái)富”是我那能夠博覽古今、與眾生交談的心靈；可以寫“我的財(cái)富”是“我”的摯友，因?yàn)樗惆橹拔摇背砷L(zhǎng)，和“我”一起品嘗人生的滋味??

文體自選，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該選擇你自己擅長(zhǎng)的文體。作文功底好的同學(xué)，可以寫抒情散文；想像力豐富的同學(xué)，可以靈活運(yùn)用童話體、寓言體等，不一而足。不得抄襲或宿構(gòu)這一限制性要求，是為了保證作文真實(shí)性的需要。要能夠表現(xiàn)青年人的風(fēng)貌和志趣，要注意選材的獨(dú)特和新穎。這些在此不再贅述。[語(yǔ)言亮點(diǎn)] 下面介紹幾種常見的，能起到較好效果的開頭方式。

1、我欣喜，我慶幸，因?yàn)槲矣幸还P屬于我的財(cái)富。財(cái)富者，總不外乎精神和物質(zhì)。而我的財(cái)富，卻是書。

2、我的財(cái)富，是家境的貧寒和生活的艱辛。

3、英國(guó)的皇冠是伊麗莎白女皇的財(cái)富，《吶喊》和《彷徨》是魯迅的財(cái)富，“奉獻(xiàn)我一人，方便千萬(wàn)家”是徐虎的精神財(cái)富。我的財(cái)富是什么？我沒有萬(wàn)貫家財(cái)，沒有“興酣落筆搖五岳，詩(shī)人笑傲凌滄州”的文采與氣度，我所擁有的只是成堆成堆古今中外的各種書籍，以及我對(duì)書孜孜不倦的熱忱與鐘愛。

4、我時(shí)常不由自主地想：什么是財(cái)富呢？是財(cái)大氣粗？不！是生活優(yōu)越？不！是權(quán)傾四海？不，都不是！那么，財(cái)富是什么？我的財(cái)富又是什么？百思不解時(shí)，我緩緩開啟了記憶的閘門??

5、不經(jīng)過挫折，怎知道生活之艱難；不經(jīng)過創(chuàng)傷，怎知道命運(yùn)之真諦；只有當(dāng)生命與苦難結(jié)緣，才知道，苦難其實(shí)也是一筆豐厚的財(cái)富。

6、財(cái)富是什么？或許每個(gè)人的回答都不一樣。音樂家認(rèn)為自己的音樂就是財(cái)富；作家認(rèn)為自己的作品就是財(cái)富；畫家認(rèn)為自己的畫作就是財(cái)富；我認(rèn)為

1高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）閱讀下面的材料，根據(jù)要求作文：

德國(guó)著名生理學(xué)家隆涅在92歲時(shí)，獲得了國(guó)家頒發(fā)的榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆Ｔ陬C獎(jiǎng)大會(huì)上，他發(fā)表了一個(gè)極漂亮的演說：“我發(fā)現(xiàn)，出席今天會(huì)議的人都希望永遠(yuǎn)年輕，既然如此，對(duì)我們來說，最重要的就是節(jié)省自己的精力，使自己延緩衰老，青春永駐，也只有這樣，才能在科學(xué)上取得更多的成就。而我的研究表明，一個(gè)人皺一下眉頭需要牽動(dòng)30塊肌肉，但笑一下則只需牽動(dòng)13塊肌肉，可見笑一下所消耗的能量要比皺一下眉頭省得多。再說，皺眉頭是在緊縮肌肉，而笑是在舒展肌肉，兩者的功能是如此不同，既然如此，我親愛的同行，笑吧！”

笑，是人的生理本能，“笑對(duì)”則是一種人生態(tài)度，是一種胸襟氣度，是一種對(duì)既定現(xiàn)實(shí)或順境或逆境的超越性反思，是一種為尋求某種目標(biāo)而對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)采取的人生策略。在你的生活中，有沒有這種情景的出現(xiàn)，你是怎樣選擇“笑對(duì)”的，你對(duì)這種選擇有什么評(píng)價(jià)？請(qǐng)以“笑對(duì)”為題，寫一篇作文，或發(fā)表見解，或抒情，或編寫故事。

要求：①立意自定；②文體自選；③題目自擬；④不準(zhǔn)抄襲；⑤不少于800字。

[審題提示]所給的材料是為了引出話題，這段文字表面上是在說“笑與皺眉頭”之間在生理功能上的不同，實(shí)質(zhì)上是在提倡一種積極的人生態(tài)度。“笑對(duì)”不是對(duì)事情采取的那種無(wú)原則、無(wú)所謂的“付之一笑”，也不是以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變的圓滑的“待之以笑”，更不是去討論這個(gè)世界上有“笑”的分類、笑的歷史、笑的哲學(xué)、笑的妙用（因?yàn)檫@次作文中都有為數(shù)不少的學(xué)生寫這些話題），而是在困境面前經(jīng)過深入思考之后的以一種積極應(yīng)對(duì)的人生態(tài)度。

這種困境可能是自己人生或家庭發(fā)生重大變故或轉(zhuǎn)折，也可能是自己閱讀中某一個(gè)人物所經(jīng)歷的；“笑對(duì)”無(wú)論是深思熟慮之后的選擇，還是在某一種事物激發(fā)之后的頓悟，還是“潛意識(shí)”中的冥冥注定，都應(yīng)該是思想積極、情感真摯的，而不是為了笑對(duì)而笑對(duì)。

材料中故事發(fā)生在特定的情境之中，而“笑對(duì)”與否更多的是發(fā)生在日常的生活中，審題應(yīng)更多地關(guān)注常態(tài)下特定的生活場(chǎng)景，但是有不少文章受寓言故事影響，不是選擇現(xiàn)實(shí)的或歷史的或文學(xué)中趨向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的場(chǎng)景，而是用童話的、科幻的、寓言的方式來寫，這就需要在寫作時(shí)，充分注意特定的場(chǎng)景，和扣住人生重要關(guān)頭的選擇發(fā)議論或編故事；還有的文章以重大事件（政治、軍事、外交等）為文章的核心話題，那么，要把握好“笑對(duì)”在這個(gè)時(shí)候不僅僅是一種人生的態(tài)度，可能更是雙方對(duì)抗的策略了，要充分處理好“在緊急關(guān)頭，出于國(guó)家利益和民族利益而必須的權(quán)變”。

如果實(shí)在需要寫到那些陰暗的頹廢的灰色的，則要把握好自己情感基調(diào)和思想立場(chǎng)。

“心境”話題作文導(dǎo)寫 [話題]蘇東坡與惠崇和尚戲語(yǔ)，蘇東坡說：“我看你像牛糞。”惠崇說：“我看你像如來。”蘇東坡不解，這和尚怎么以德報(bào)怨呢？問其妹蘇小妹。蘇小妹說：“心存牛屎，看人都如牛屎；心存如來，看人都是如來。”東坡有所悟。

你以為蘇東坡悟到了什么？它又給你怎樣的啟發(fā)？請(qǐng)聯(lián)系實(shí)際，以“心境”為話題寫一篇文章，立意自定，文體自選，題目自擬，不少于800字。

[導(dǎo)寫]適當(dāng)降低審題的難度，是近幾年高考話題作文在命題上的一大特點(diǎn)，而作文審題難度的降低并不等于寫作時(shí)不要審題。高考作文的批閱情況表明，立意的高下已成為拉開作文檔次和衡量文章優(yōu)劣的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。

要使本次作文在立意上有深度，貴在分析。蘇東坡與惠崇和尚看人的結(jié)果迥然不同，其原因何在？蘇小妹的一番話道出了其中的原委——“心存牛屎，看人都如牛屎；心存如來，看人都是如來。”即看你心存之物為何，但材料中的

3高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）“欣賞”話題作文示例

【題目】請(qǐng)以“欣賞”為話題寫一篇不少于800字的文章，可以編述故事，記敘經(jīng)歷，抒發(fā)感情，發(fā)表議論，展開想象等。

要求：①題目自擬 ②立意自定 ③文體自選

一、審題

話題作文雖然海闊憑魚躍，天高任鳥飛，但是魚不能躍入天空，鳥不能飛進(jìn)水底。框限少，不等于沒有框限。所以，審題是寫作的第一要著。審題是一個(gè)由淺入深的過程。“淺”則審出顯性信息；“深”則審出隱性信息。顯性信息比較清楚：字?jǐn)?shù)、表達(dá)、標(biāo)題、立意、文體都有一定的要求。隱性信息那就是要緊緊地把握話題“欣賞”的內(nèi)涵。所謂“欣賞”，就是享受美好事物，領(lǐng)略其中的趣味。寫出你對(duì)美好事物的享受，寫出其中的趣味，寫出其中的感受，寫出你自己的見解，這就是寫作的重點(diǎn)，這就是題目所給我們的隱性要求。

二、立意

明確了題意，就要考慮打開思路、確定立意的問題。話題給我們提供了神馳遐想的廣闊空間，怎樣才能神思飛揚(yáng)，出現(xiàn)異彩紛呈的局面呢？從小至今，我們肯定經(jīng)歷過許許多多美好的事物，從中也領(lǐng)略到了其中的趣味，比如欣賞多彩的生活，欣賞多姿的自然，欣賞永不言敗的人生，欣賞在青春中熔煉出的生命或者欣賞尋求快意的心靈等等。這個(gè)話題的范圍是很寬泛的，可談人生、青春、生活，也可以寫環(huán)境與自然，乃至經(jīng)歷過的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴，既可寫你的，也可寫他的，但都必須緊緊扣住話題“欣賞”，要通過享受美好事物，領(lǐng)略其中的趣味，談出你的感受，談出你的獨(dú)到見解。面對(duì)眾多的素材，我們要慧眼獨(dú)具，從中篩選出感受深的、趣味濃的。要從小處入手，“喜人的春色不須多，萬(wàn)綠叢中一點(diǎn)紅”即可。選好材料，要站得高，看得遠(yuǎn)，深入挖掘。立意不僅要明確，還要力求新穎深刻。比如欣賞音樂，不能通篇云山霧罩，只說些“三月不肉味”的話，而要點(diǎn)出美在何處。

三、定體

文體自選，是說選擇適合你所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容的文體。開放性話題作文，并不是就可以隨心所欲了，落實(shí)到你所寫的文章，就要有明確的界定，寫什么必須是什么，寫什么必須像什么，而不能寫成“大雜燴”。就本次習(xí)作而言，可記敘你感受美的經(jīng)歷，可議論欣賞的內(nèi)涵意義，也可抒寫你對(duì)美好事物的感受等。[例文] 傾聽歷史的心跳

一直在崇尚、向往著歷史中那片詩(shī)詞并發(fā)的芳草地。當(dāng)李清照帶著“人比黃花瘦”的容顏從歷史中向我走來時(shí)；當(dāng)岳飛的《滿江紅》激蕩起我滿腔的熱血時(shí)??我的心中便蕩起陣陣激流。宋詞，那古老的精華，已融入我的生命。

張潮在《幽夢(mèng)影》里說過：“所謂美人者，以花為貌，以鳥為聲，以月為神，以柳為態(tài)，以玉為骨，以冰雪為膚，以秋水為姿，以詩(shī)詞為心。”我不去崇尚那種“美人”，也更沒有那種精通詩(shī)詞文賦的文人雅量。我只是用自己的心去咀嚼，去品味那或婉轉(zhuǎn)纏綿，或雄渾悲壯的潛在詞魂，在默默中傾聽歷史的心跳，讓自己的血液流淌得更加奔放。

喜歡宋詞，很欣賞它的那種明快的韻律。如蔣捷的“何日歸家洗客袍，銀字笙調(diào)，金字香燒，流光易把人拋，紅了櫻桃，綠了芭蕉”。讀起來如行云流水，瑯瑯上口，字字清新雋永，繞耳不絕，讓人忍不住地對(duì)此喜愛有加。

若領(lǐng)略了婉約派的似水柔情，便會(huì)深深地喜歡上它們的那種欲說還休，十詠三嘆的韻味。才子柳永的《雨霖鈴》便算得上是部經(jīng)典之作。“??今宵酒醒何處？楊柳岸曉風(fēng)殘?jiān)拢巳ソ?jīng)年，應(yīng)是良辰美景虛設(shè)，便縱有千種風(fēng)情，更與何人說？”柳永觸龍顏而遭貶，不得不離開繁華的京都，登舟離開時(shí)，回望一眼這座讓他失意，又愛又恨的都城，萬(wàn)般愁緒，萬(wàn)般滋味便涌上心頭。無(wú)

5高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）才能擁有笑傲人生的曠達(dá)與瀟灑。

執(zhí)著是一場(chǎng)漫長(zhǎng)的分期分批的投資，而成功是對(duì)這場(chǎng)投資的一次性回報(bào)。執(zhí)著于自己所愛的事業(yè)，應(yīng)是生命的價(jià)值與意義。

古有精衛(wèi)鳥，相傳為炎帝女，因?yàn)樵跂|海游泳，不幸溺亡，經(jīng)常銜西山之木去填東海，這就是精衛(wèi)填海的傳說，也是執(zhí)著于人生目標(biāo)的一個(gè)精神典型。為了我們的事業(yè)與生活，我們永遠(yuǎn)應(yīng)該堅(jiān)守執(zhí)著，也許收獲有遲有早，有大有小，但我們堅(jiān)守執(zhí)著的本身，就是一種人生的大收獲。

欣賞執(zhí)著，品味人生。如果說軟弱是生命的悲哀和無(wú)奈，逃避是意志的沉淪和喪失，那么執(zhí)著則是理想的升華和永恒。

“放 棄”話題訓(xùn)練題及例文

有一個(gè)孩子，伸手到一個(gè)裝滿榛果的瓶里去，他盡其所能地抓了一把榛果，當(dāng)他想把手收回來時(shí)，手卻被瓶口卡住了。他既不愿放棄榛果，又不能把手縮回來，不禁傷心地哭了起來。一個(gè)旁邊的人對(duì)他說：“你知足些吧！只拿一半，讓你的拳頭小一些，那么你的手就可以很容易地拿出來了。” 在生活中，有時(shí)候只有放棄才能得到，但許多人卻不明了二者的辯證關(guān)系，一味地想要獲得，不想放棄，結(jié)果卻什么也得不到。

請(qǐng)以“放棄”為話題，寫一篇不少于800字的文章，題目自擬，文體不限。

【思路領(lǐng)航】

1.放棄是另一種形式的選擇：我們離開家鄉(xiāng)寧?kù)o的生活來到都市，是為了能更好地發(fā)展自我；我們放棄了城市安逸的生活來到偏僻的山村教書，是為了奉獻(xiàn)自我；不收取賄賂，是為了清白為官，不卑躬屈膝，是為了一身正氣?? 2.生活中有的東西是可以放棄的，如虛名、小利、但有的東西卻永遠(yuǎn)都不能放棄，比如尊嚴(yán)、責(zé)任等，這些都是人之為人的最根本的東西，放棄了它們，我們就會(huì)淪落為社會(huì)的渣滓。

3.通過一個(gè)人放棄的東西，我們可以看出這個(gè)人的性格和品質(zhì)。錢學(xué)森放棄國(guó)外優(yōu)越的條件，回到百?gòu)U待興的祖國(guó)，從中我們可以看到一代科學(xué)家的愛國(guó)情懷；一位老模范工人每每把自己應(yīng)得的榮譽(yù)讓給年青的一代，從中我們可以看到老一輩愛護(hù)青年、無(wú)悔奉獻(xiàn)的高尚品質(zhì)。

4.放棄的目的是為了獲得。我們拒絕了游戲機(jī)的誘惑，是為了獲得優(yōu)秀的學(xué)業(yè)；我們放棄了青春期青澀的果子；是為了獲得成熟的情感?? 5.可以從放棄與獲取的關(guān)系入手，展開自己的論述。[例文] 學(xué)會(huì)放棄

鳴蟬奮力地甩掉了外殼，因而獲得了高空自由的歌唱；壁虎勇敢地掙斷了尾巴，因而在危難中保全了它弱小的生命；算盤若填滿自己的空位，變得座無(wú)虛席，將喪失自己的運(yùn)算功能。

對(duì)那些不該擁有的東西，我們應(yīng)該放棄。

現(xiàn)實(shí)生活是復(fù)雜的，而我們的承受力有限。如果大腦是一個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)，不管倉(cāng)庫(kù)多大，一種東西充斥其中時(shí)，另一種東西定然無(wú)法進(jìn)入。比如讀書，當(dāng)我們癡醉于金庸古龍梁羽生的刀光劍影中，我們又怎能專注于復(fù)雜的幾何方陣，怎能用心于浩繁的英語(yǔ)單詞呢？想讀的和該讀的，你必須在兩者之間學(xué)會(huì)放棄。

人的一生中有很多事情需要作出類似的放棄。放棄應(yīng)該放棄的，你便是智者。世界文豪高爾基在他的房間失火時(shí)，沒有顧及家具、財(cái)產(chǎn)、衣物，甚至沒有顧及生命，卻從熊熊大火中救出了幾箱書。他放棄了凡夫俗子眼中的財(cái)富，守住了那些啟迪心智、凈化心靈的真正的財(cái)富。而有些人，終生抱著“人為財(cái)死，鳥為食亡”的信條，追逐著金光閃閃的財(cái)寶。為了庸俗的追求，他們放棄了人格和道德，放棄了人性中的真善美。錯(cuò)誤的放棄，使他們的一生齷齪卑鄙。

正確的放棄，往往需要青松秋菊般的高尚風(fēng)格。據(jù)說安徽桐城有一條“六尺

7高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）“感恩”話題作文導(dǎo)寫及示例 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)要求作文。

那是在洛杉磯郊縣一所旅館的早晨，我正在大堂的餐廳里就餐，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的右前方有3個(gè)黑人孩子，在餐桌上埋頭寫著什么。當(dāng)問他們?cè)谧鍪裁磿r(shí)，老大回答說正在寫感謝信。他一副理所當(dāng)然的神情讓我滿臉疑惑。我愣了一陣后追問道：“寫給誰(shuí)的?”“給媽媽！”我心中的疑團(tuán)一個(gè)未解一個(gè)又生。“為什么?”我又問道。“我們每天都寫，這是我們每日必做的功課。”孩子回答。哪有每天都寫感謝信的?真是不可思議!我湊過去看了一眼他們每人手下的那沓紙。老大在紙上寫了八九行字，妹妹寫了五六行，小弟弟只寫了兩三行。再細(xì)看其中的內(nèi)容，卻是諸如“路邊的野花開得真漂亮”、“昨天吃的比薩餅很香”、“昨天媽媽給我講了一個(gè)很有意思的故事”之類的簡(jiǎn)單句子。我心頭一震。原來他們寫給媽媽的感謝信不是專門感謝媽媽給他們幫了多大的忙，而是記錄下他們幼小心靈中感覺很幸福的—點(diǎn)—滴。他們還不知道什么叫大恩大德，只知道對(duì)于每一件美好的事物都應(yīng)心存感激。請(qǐng)就“感恩”為話題寫一篇文章。

注意：①立意自定；②文體自選；③題目自擬；④不少于800字；⑤不得抄襲。

[思維點(diǎn)撥] “感恩”不一定要感謝大恩大德，“感恩”可以是一種生活態(tài)度，一種善于發(fā)現(xiàn)美并欣賞美的道德情操。我們應(yīng)該感謝親人、感謝朋友、感謝反對(duì)者、感謝陌生人，感謝集體、感謝國(guó)家、感謝人類、感謝自然。我們對(duì)許多我們認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的事都應(yīng)懷有一顆“感恩的心”。人生在世，不如意事十有八九。如果我們囿于這種“不如意”之中，終日惴惴不安，那生活就會(huì)索然無(wú)趣。忘恩原是天性，它像隨地生長(zhǎng)的雜草；感恩則猶如玫瑰，需要細(xì)心栽培及愛心的滋潤(rùn)，并將感恩之心付諸行動(dòng)。既要心存感激，也要能學(xué)會(huì)回報(bào)，將感恩之心付諸行動(dòng)。

[例文] 關(guān)于感恩的思考

“感恩”是個(gè)舶來詞，“感恩”二字，牛津字典給的定義是：“樂于把得到好處的感激呈現(xiàn)出來且回饋他人”。“感恩”是因?yàn)槲覀兩钤谶@個(gè)世界上，一切的一切包括一草一木都對(duì)我們有恩情！

“感恩”是一種認(rèn)同。這種認(rèn)同應(yīng)該是我們心靈里的一種認(rèn)同。我們生活在大自然里，大自然給予我們的恩賜太多。沒有大自然誰(shuí)也活不下去，這是最簡(jiǎn)單的道理。對(duì)太陽(yáng)的“感恩”，那是我們對(duì)溫暖的領(lǐng)悟；對(duì)藍(lán)天的“感恩”，那是我們對(duì)純凈的認(rèn)可；對(duì)草原的“感恩”，那是我們對(duì)“野火燒不盡，春風(fēng)吹又生”的頑強(qiáng)的嘆服；對(duì)大海的“感恩”，那是我們對(duì)兼收并蓄的一種傾聽。“感恩”是一種回報(bào)。我們從母親的子宮里走出，而后母親用乳汁將我們哺育。而更偉大的是母親從不希望她得到什么。就像太陽(yáng)每天都會(huì)把她的溫暖給予我們，從不要求回報(bào)，但是我們必須明白“感恩”。

“感恩”是一種欽佩。這種欽佩應(yīng)該是從我們血管里噴涌出的一種欽佩。“感恩”之心，就是對(duì)世間所有人所有事物給予自己的幫助表示感激，銘記在心；“感恩”之心，是我們每個(gè)人生活中不可或缺的陽(yáng)光雨露。無(wú)論你是何等的尊貴，或是怎樣的卑微；無(wú)論你生活在何地何處，或是你有著怎樣特別的生活經(jīng)歷，只要你胸中常常懷著一顆感恩的心，隨之而來的，就必然會(huì)不斷地涌動(dòng)著諸如溫暖、自信、堅(jiān)定、善良等等這些美好的處世品格。自然而然地，你的生活中便有了一處處動(dòng)人的風(fēng)景。“感恩”是一種對(duì)恩惠心存感激的表示，是每一位不忘他人恩情的人縈繞心間的情感。學(xué)會(huì)感恩，是為了擦亮蒙塵的心靈而不致麻木；學(xué)會(huì)感恩，是為了

9高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）我應(yīng)該感恩我的父母，是他們賜予我生命，把我養(yǎng)育；我應(yīng)該感恩我的老師，是他們賜予我知識(shí)；我應(yīng)該感恩于我的戰(zhàn)友，我應(yīng)該感恩于我的同學(xué)、朋友、同事，沒他們的安慰，便沒有我今天的歡笑；沒有他們的支持，便沒有我今天的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和成就。學(xué)會(huì)感恩，并不是為了得到什么，只是希望自己能好好地學(xué)習(xí)，好好地做人，以感恩的心回報(bào)社會(huì)。我想我早就應(yīng)該要學(xué)會(huì)感恩，因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)世界上，有太多的人，曾經(jīng)給我太多的恩惠，因此，我敬佩好人和感恩的人。

最后我還得說，對(duì)我們老師、我們學(xué)校、我們祖國(guó)表示由衷的感謝！感謝他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝诉@么好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，使我們能健康快樂地成長(zhǎng)。同學(xué)們！讓我們共同珍惜這美好的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)，讓我們感恩我們的老師、我們的學(xué)校、我們的祖國(guó)吧！感恩我們應(yīng)該感恩的一切。

閱讀下面材料，請(qǐng)以“幸福”為話題寫一篇文章（文體不限，800字左右）。漁夫躺在沙灘上曬太陽(yáng)，富人走過來說：“你為什么不去工作，而要在這里浪費(fèi)時(shí)間呢？”漁夫問：“我為什么要去工作？”富人說：“賺足夠的錢，可以擁有自己的事業(yè)，有汽車和房子。”“那么有了錢又能干什么呢？”漁夫不明白。

“可以去夏威夷海灘度假！”富人回答得很快。“那么，我現(xiàn)在又在干什么？”漁夫說。

[例文] 感受幸福

從前，一個(gè)富人和一個(gè)窮人談?wù)撌裁词切腋！８蝗送F人破舊的茅舍和樸素的穿著，輕蔑地說：“你這怎么能叫幸福？我有百間豪宅、千名奴仆、萬(wàn)兩黃金，那才叫幸福呢！”后來，一把大火把富人的豪宅燒得片瓦不留，痛恨他的奴仆們也各奔東西。一夜間，富人淪為乞丐。一年夏天，烈日炎炎，汗流浹背的乞丐路過窮人破舊的茅舍，窮人端著一大碗涼水，問他：“你現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為什么是幸福？” 乞丐說：“幸福就是此時(shí)你手中的這碗水。”

其實(shí)，幸福是一種人生態(tài)度，它來自于心靈的洞開。它可以是在陰沉的夜晚回到家時(shí)妻子溫暖的笑臉，可以是一幀泛黃的全家福，可以是一曲肯尼基的《回家》，可以是一聲祝福、一頁(yè)飛鴻、一絲鄉(xiāng)音、一份牽掛、一種給予、一種付出、一種閱歷、一種感悟，關(guān)鍵是我們要有一顆善良而感知的心。

幸福來自于熱愛生活——溫馨和諧中有幸福；浪漫瀟灑中有幸福；辛苦勞累中有幸福；平淡真實(shí)中有幸福。

幸福緣于內(nèi)心的平和——平平地過日子，淡淡地生活，這種真實(shí)的平淡，正是隱藏在我們身邊不曾留意而又苦苦尋覓的幸福。

幸福是我們對(duì)生活的那份從容——窘迫時(shí)勇挑家庭重?fù)?dān)是種幸福；清貧之家兒女成材是種幸福；家人和美、身體健康是種幸福；同事友愛、友鄰和睦是種幸福；甚至生病住院時(shí)親人焦急的眼神何嘗又不是種幸福。只要熱愛生活，心存感激，幸福就會(huì)像空氣像陽(yáng)光時(shí)刻圍繞著我們。

幸福有如一杯醇醇的濃茶——苦澀中透出一縷淡淡的清香；幸福又似一杯既香且醇的美酒，飲一口，便醉你一生。

我們?cè)?jīng)見過路旁自由綻放的野花，不雕琢、不經(jīng)意、不做作、無(wú)拘無(wú)束，花開不聲張，花落不嘆息，該是怎樣的幸福啊！我們何不學(xué)學(xué)無(wú)名的野花——無(wú)心爭(zhēng)名，無(wú)意逐利；花開只為我心，花落不傷情懷。

擁有一份屬于自己的心境，過一種真純自在的生活。因?yàn)椋腋２皇强丛趧e人的眼里，而永遠(yuǎn)開在自己的心中。

高考作文話題“事業(yè)與親情”導(dǎo)寫

【話題】閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)要求作文。

1高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）巖》《母親》《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》《牛虻》等名著，曾影響過多少人，教育過多少人，鼓舞過多少人！愛讀書的同學(xué)，你有過給你智慧、信念和力量，使你魂?duì)繅?mèng)縈的讀書體驗(yàn)嗎？

請(qǐng)以“我的讀書體驗(yàn)”為話題寫一篇作文。文體自選，題目自擬，不少于800字。

[提示]“我的讀書體驗(yàn)”這是一個(gè)有價(jià)值的話題，而且并不難寫。寫作時(shí)可以考慮多種文體：

一、記敘文。可敘述經(jīng)歷或故事，如“書伴我成長(zhǎng)”“與書一起走過的日子”，在敘述過程中，可適當(dāng)穿插議論。

二、散文。散文選材自由，易于抒發(fā)主觀感受，切近“我的讀書體驗(yàn)”這一話題。

三、議論文。可以對(duì)與書有關(guān)的問題提出看法和主張。需要注意的是，作文中要突出“我”，寫出自己的體會(huì)。

四、說明文。比如“我的讀書方法”“我是怎樣藏書的”等等。話題作文：規(guī)則意識(shí) 閱讀下面的材料，按要求作文。

說起規(guī)則意識(shí)，對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作部副部長(zhǎng)、中國(guó)WTO首席談判代表龍永圖曾介紹過他的一次經(jīng)歷。有一次在瑞士，他和幾個(gè)朋友去公園散步，上廁所時(shí)，聽到隔壁衛(wèi)生間里“砰砰”地響，他有點(diǎn)納悶。出來后，附近一個(gè)女士很著急地問他有沒有看到她的孩子。她說孩子進(jìn)廁所十多分鐘了，還沒有出來，她又不能進(jìn)去找。于是龍永圖想起了隔壁衛(wèi)生間的響聲。出于友善，他便折回洗手間，打開那個(gè)廁所的門。他看到一個(gè)七八歲的小孩正在修抽水馬桶，怎么弄都沖不出水來，急得滿頭大汗。原來，那個(gè)小孩覺得他上廁所不沖水是犯了規(guī)則。

故事中小孩強(qiáng)烈的規(guī)則意識(shí)一定使你感觸良多，那么，就請(qǐng)以“規(guī)則意識(shí)”為話題寫一篇文章，可以寫你的經(jīng)歷、體驗(yàn)、認(rèn)識(shí)和信念，也可以編寫故事、寓言等等。

【導(dǎo)寫】話題材料以一個(gè)較為完整的故事，對(duì)“規(guī)則意識(shí)”的意蘊(yùn)作了生動(dòng)的演繹。故事的點(diǎn)睛之筆是“小孩覺得他上廁所不沖水是犯了規(guī)則”。通過以上解讀可以知道，這里的“規(guī)則”應(yīng)理解為“責(zé)任、義務(wù)”，小孩的所作所為是在對(duì)社會(huì)公德盡維護(hù)的責(zé)任，而且這種維護(hù)是自覺的、習(xí)慣的，是不需要任何外力強(qiáng)迫的。因此，可以說“規(guī)則意識(shí)”就是一個(gè)人為使社會(huì)能正常運(yùn)行乃至進(jìn)步而自覺地盡各種責(zé)任、義務(wù)的習(xí)慣，其中自然包括自覺維護(hù)社會(huì)公德的責(zé)任。這就是話題的內(nèi)涵所在，只有挖掘出這一內(nèi)涵，作文的立意才可能深刻起來。

需要明確的是，“規(guī)則意識(shí)”重在意識(shí)，重在自覺和習(xí)慣，因此不管寫記敘文還是議論文，都應(yīng)把履行責(zé)任和義務(wù)的自覺性作為重點(diǎn)加以凸現(xiàn)，不能把它簡(jiǎn)單地寫成對(duì)校紀(jì)校規(guī)或別的什么游戲規(guī)則的被動(dòng)遵守，否則文章立意就失之偏頗了。具體的寫作角度有：

1、我們每個(gè)人都要積極培養(yǎng)對(duì)生活、工作、社會(huì)的“規(guī)則意識(shí)”，做一個(gè)講規(guī)則、守規(guī)則的社會(huì)人。

2、社會(huì)是一個(gè)整體，人與人之間自覺遵守規(guī)則，就會(huì)使生活變得愉快、和諧和安定。

3、我們的企業(yè)如果不能形成這樣的規(guī)則意識(shí)和社會(huì)責(zé)任感，我們的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制就很難建立起來。

4、對(duì)照以上的“規(guī)則意識(shí)”看中國(guó)的企業(yè)管理，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的管理制度還不完善，亟待改進(jìn)。

3高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）敢不從實(shí)招來？在正義的威嚴(yán)下，浮于言表的虛偽和假象，只能是弱不禁風(fēng)的衰草。

正氣，是催人奮進(jìn)的策鞭，是抵制腐朽的良藥。李太白一句“安能摧眉折腰事權(quán)貴，使我不得開心顏”，蘊(yùn)涵著多少不媚世俗的正氣，激勵(lì)了多少傲岸的靈魂？周敦頤的“中通外直，不蔓不枝，香遠(yuǎn)益清，亭亭凈植”，又指引著多少尋求高潔的心靈？正氣，從骨子里透露出來的驚駭世俗的正氣，常常能使人懸崖勒馬，以免墜入黑暗和罪惡的深淵。

正氣，是鐵骨錚錚的誓言，是高尚人格的凝結(jié)。文天祥寧死不降，視死如歸的正氣使他吟出了“人生自古誰(shuí)無(wú)死，留取丹心照汗青”的不朽詩(shī)篇，使他經(jīng)受住了“身世雨打萍”，奔走各地幾乎“無(wú)不死”的悲慘遭遇。正氣是一把利斧，帶上它，便能披荊斬棘，無(wú)所畏懼；正氣是一斗清酒，飲下它，能將一切險(xiǎn)惡都看作鴻毛。

正氣，是滿腔熱血的真愛??

正氣，是高駐崖頭的松柏??

正氣，是亙古不失的節(jié)操??

我腳踏著厚土，懷揣著生命的樂章和真諦，義無(wú)返顧地邁向那遙遠(yuǎn)的地平線。身后，是一串深深的腳印?? [點(diǎn)評(píng)] 這篇議論性散文主旨鮮明，行文灑脫。作者緊緊圍繞“正氣——生命的真諦”這一中心，結(jié)合典型事例抒寫感受和認(rèn)識(shí)。文筆優(yōu)美無(wú)疑是本文最大的特點(diǎn)。駢散句式的靈活結(jié)合，名言警句的精當(dāng)引用，比喻、排比、反問等修辭手法的大量運(yùn)用，顯示了作者較強(qiáng)的駕馭語(yǔ)言的能力，使全篇富于文采，一氣呵成。在考場(chǎng)有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)能寫出如此瀟灑的作文，令人贊嘆。話題作文“與名人對(duì)話”導(dǎo)寫示例 閱讀下面的提示，按要求作文。

如果有一種“時(shí)空轉(zhuǎn)移心靈交流器”，能把你想說的話傳遞給古今中外任何一位名人，那么，你將選擇哪一位名人向他傾吐心聲呢？

請(qǐng)以“與名人對(duì)話”為話題寫一篇文章。要求：

1、話題中的“名人”可以是某位歷史人物，也可以是文學(xué)作品中的某個(gè)藝術(shù)形象。

2、除詩(shī)歌外文體不限。

3、題目自擬。

4、不少于800字。

[導(dǎo)寫]這個(gè)話題重點(diǎn)考查習(xí)作者的想象力和認(rèn)識(shí)水平，它鼓勵(lì)考生擴(kuò)大課外閱讀，積極展開創(chuàng)造性思維（特別是大膽發(fā)揮想象）。事實(shí)上，這類“與名人對(duì)話”的典范之作并不少見。如雜文名篇《諫屈原書》，開篇即對(duì)屈原“為了區(qū)區(qū)楚王，而輕擲千鈞之軀”的舉動(dòng)提出異議，接著向屈原獻(xiàn)上“三策”——“棄官?gòu)奈摹薄鞍牍侔胫o”“為官則油”，也就是要屈原同流合污、喪失人格以謀求一己之私，甚至弄虛作假、誤國(guó)害民。這當(dāng)然是借古諷今，深刻批判了當(dāng)前社會(huì)上某些不正之風(fēng)。其妙處在于文章主題是通過寫信規(guī)勸古人的方式揭示的，獨(dú)具機(jī)智幽默之美。又如中學(xué)生優(yōu)秀習(xí)作《冷月祭詩(shī)魂》，由“贈(zèng)蘇東坡”“致李商隱”“贈(zèng)李白”三部分組成，形式新穎別致，而且巧妙化用古詩(shī)詞名句入文，文筆優(yōu)美，揮灑自如。

寫好本文的關(guān)鍵是選擇與誰(shuí)對(duì)話。內(nèi)容上既可以從大處落筆，也可以就某一具體問題進(jìn)行探討、商榷；體裁上可以靈活多樣，比如寫成書信、采訪記、童話、小劇本等。

話題作文《飛翔》導(dǎo)寫 閱讀下列提示，按要求作文。

飛翔是一種動(dòng)作，飛翔是一個(gè)過程。蒼鷹的飛翔是力的象征，天鵝的飛翔是美的展示，而人類的飛翔則是一種對(duì)歷史的超越，對(duì)未來的追求，是心靈與智

5高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）理、奧秘??它更多的是注重“尋找”的過程。對(duì)于那些具有美感和哲理的東西，我們也許能夠找到，也許一時(shí)還找不到，但是這并不重要，重要的是我們“尋找”的本身就帶著思考，體現(xiàn)著人生的境界。這才是最有味道、最有價(jià)值的“尋找”！

參考擬題：

1、尋覓凈土。

2、尋覓知音。

3、尋夢(mèng)人生。話題作文《責(zé)任》導(dǎo)寫

閱讀下面一則題為《在生命的最后一分鐘》的消息，按要求作文。

一名公交車司機(jī)行車途中突發(fā)心臟病，在生命的最后一分鐘里，做了三件事：

——把車緩緩地停在馬路邊，并用生命的最后力氣拉下了手動(dòng)剎車閘；

——把車門打開，讓乘客安全地下了車；

——將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火，確保了車和乘客、行人的安全。

他做完了這三件事，安詳?shù)嘏吭诜较虮P上停止了呼吸。這名司機(jī)叫黃志全，所有的大連人都記住了他的名字。讀了上述材料，你一定感受到一種撼人心魄的力量，一定體會(huì)到什么叫強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感。

請(qǐng)你以“責(zé)任”為話題寫一篇文章，文體自選，不少于800字。

【導(dǎo)寫】作文時(shí)可以考慮多種寫法：

1、寫成讀后感，贊揚(yáng)黃志全“生命不息，盡責(zé)不止”的奉獻(xiàn)精神，提倡加強(qiáng)責(zé)任感，搞好本職工作。在確立論點(diǎn)后，可以進(jìn)行相同聯(lián)想，例如一位生物學(xué)家在實(shí)驗(yàn)被毒蛇咬傷后，冷靜地記錄了自己臨終前每一分鐘的感受和生理反應(yīng)，為后人留下了珍貴的第一手資料；例如“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的名言。也可以進(jìn)行相反聯(lián)想，例如路易十四“我死后，哪管洪水滔天”的荒唐。行文中不能堆砌材料，要準(zhǔn)確分析，為中心論點(diǎn)服務(wù)。

2、寫成記敘文，敘述犯了錯(cuò)誤后負(fù)起責(zé)任的一段經(jīng)歷，或描寫逃避責(zé)任后的內(nèi)疚與后悔。

3、夾敘夾議，談十八歲是成熟的標(biāo)志，也是責(zé)任的標(biāo)志，這個(gè)責(zé)任是對(duì)自己的，也是對(duì)家庭的，更是對(duì)民族的，國(guó)家的，社會(huì)的，人類的。

4、寫成小小說，揭露互相推諉、不負(fù)責(zé)任的世相，詮釋領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部、公務(wù)人員應(yīng)承擔(dān)起肩頭責(zé)任的主題。

5、創(chuàng)新立意，談責(zé)任是雙向的，我們十分強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人對(duì)社會(huì)的責(zé)任，也不能忽視了同樣重要的另一方面——社會(huì)對(duì)個(gè)人的責(zé)任。比如，政府應(yīng)為下崗工人建立必要的社會(huì)生活保障體系，等等。話題作文《爭(zhēng)論》導(dǎo)寫 閱讀下列提示，按要求作文。

同學(xué)之間、師生之間、家庭成員之間，課堂上、社會(huì)上、歷史上??常常有爭(zhēng)論：爭(zhēng)論高下，爭(zhēng)論長(zhǎng)短，爭(zhēng)論是非。古今中外，每個(gè)角落，都曾經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)充滿著爭(zhēng)論。

請(qǐng)你以“爭(zhēng)論”為話題寫一篇文章。立意自定，題目自擬，除詩(shī)歌外文體不限，不少于800字。

[導(dǎo)寫] 構(gòu)思本題，可以從大處著眼，把“爭(zhēng)論”與治國(guó)、做人、做學(xué)問等相聯(lián)系；也可以從小處著眼，專談?wù)n堂上的“爭(zhēng)論”或家庭成員之間的“爭(zhēng)論”。可以從正面立意，指出“真理愈辯愈明，要敢于爭(zhēng)論”；也可以從反面立意，指出“不爭(zhēng)論，多干事，不陷入無(wú)意義的瞎扯”。

參考題目：

1、鴉雀無(wú)聲

2、“不爭(zhēng)論”：智慧的閃光

3、新“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”。話題作文導(dǎo)寫一例

閱讀下面的材料，按要求作文。

有位老師對(duì)一名學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)秀的同學(xué)說：你在小學(xué)考第一名，這不算什么，7高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）可以從歷史上的“天涯”變成了今天的“咫尺”寫起，表現(xiàn)科技的巨大進(jìn)步；可以從“咫尺”與 “天涯”是一種抽象的心理距離出發(fā)，表現(xiàn)人與人的隔膜；可以寫師生之間、官員和百姓之間的“零距離”接觸，表現(xiàn)新型的人際關(guān)系；可以寫萬(wàn)水千山隔不斷的情愛、母愛和對(duì)祖國(guó)的愛；還可以從鑒賞的角度寫距離產(chǎn)生美；從交往的角度寫距離保持個(gè)體的相對(duì)獨(dú)立性；從認(rèn)知的角度寫距離保證認(rèn)識(shí)的客觀性；從物理的角度寫距離提供活動(dòng)的舞臺(tái)，距離保證安全等等。

題目：創(chuàng)意 下面是兩則廣告創(chuàng)意：

奔馳汽車的廣告：遍布世界各地的奔馳車維修站，維修人員無(wú)事可干，閑得無(wú)聊。豐田汽車的廣告：車到山前必有路，有路必有豐田車。創(chuàng)意，不僅僅在廣告中，而且在企業(yè)的發(fā)展過程中，在社會(huì)生活的方方面面，無(wú)不體現(xiàn)出它的重要性。

請(qǐng)以“創(chuàng)意”為話題，寫一篇不少于800字的文章，立意自定，文體不限，題目自擬。

[提示]本題可從以下幾方面立意：

1、創(chuàng)意并不神秘，它得益于人們對(duì)生活的細(xì)致觀察。如發(fā)明自來水筆的人就是看到蘸筆的不方便才有了“創(chuàng)意”。

2、創(chuàng)意是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)觀念、思維定勢(shì)的挑戰(zhàn)。

3、創(chuàng)意是時(shí)代對(duì)企業(yè)的要求。在當(dāng)今信息爆炸的時(shí)代，各個(gè)企業(yè)要想在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中站穩(wěn)腳跟，就必須不斷推陳出新，引起人們的注意。

4、創(chuàng)意也要遵循人們的認(rèn)識(shí)規(guī)律。如有些商家看到市場(chǎng)上起洋名的產(chǎn)品挺暢銷，也靈機(jī)一動(dòng)給自己的土特產(chǎn)起了個(gè)洋名，結(jié)果是不倫不類，弄巧成拙。

題目：精神

人類已邁入21世紀(jì)。科技的高度發(fā)展，為人類提供了豐富的物質(zhì)財(cái)富。但作為有血有肉有感情的人，在物質(zhì)生活之外，日益關(guān)注自己的精神生活，如文明修養(yǎng)、倫理道德、文化藝術(shù)等等。

請(qǐng)你以“精神”為話題，寫一篇不少于800字的文章，除詩(shī)歌外文體不限，題目自擬。

[提示]題目已經(jīng)對(duì)作文內(nèi)容作了提示（文明修養(yǎng)、倫理道德、文化藝術(shù)等等）。寫作時(shí)不管是議論物質(zhì)與精神的關(guān)系，還是闡述守住精神家園的重要，都要有具體的實(shí)例和真切的感受，不能泛泛而談，大而化之。

題目：寬容

材料一：有人騎一匹國(guó)馬（指平時(shí)養(yǎng)于民間，戰(zhàn)時(shí)由國(guó)家征用的馬），另一人騎一匹駿馬，兩人一路同行。駿馬咬傷了國(guó)馬的脖頸，國(guó)馬血流如注，但若無(wú)其事，行走自如。后來駿馬回到家中，草不吃，水不飲，渾身顫抖。國(guó)馬主人說：“它大概是為咬了國(guó)馬而羞愧，我把國(guó)馬牽來，勸勸它就好了。”國(guó)馬奔來后，用鼻子親近駿馬，和駿馬同槽共食，不到一個(gè)時(shí)辰，駿馬就恢復(fù)如初了。

材料二：莎士比亞名劇《威尼斯商人》中有一段臺(tái)詞：“寬容就像天上的細(xì)雨滋潤(rùn)著大地。它賜福于寬容的人，也賜福于被寬容的人。我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)別人表現(xiàn)寬容??”

對(duì)于“寬容”，你有怎樣的體驗(yàn)與認(rèn)識(shí)呢？請(qǐng)以此為話題寫一篇文章，文體自選，題目自擬。

[提示]寬容”是寬大、有氣量，不計(jì)較、不追究的意思。“寬以待人”“寬大為懷”，這是中國(guó)的古訓(xùn)，也是當(dāng)今立足于社會(huì)、求得更好的發(fā)展的要求。要做到“寬容”，必須有開闊的胸襟與全局的眼光，必須破除等級(jí)觀念。當(dāng)然，9高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）是行人在空歡喜，正在萬(wàn)山圈子里呢，剛剛走完一山，迎面不是又有一山相攔嗎？

請(qǐng)以”曲折“為話題寫一篇文章。

要求： 1．文體不限，可以記敘經(jīng)歷、編述故事、抒發(fā)感情、發(fā)表議論、展開想像等。2． 題目自擬。3． 不少于800字。【思路領(lǐng)航】

1、事物發(fā)展都不是一帆風(fēng)順的，而是在曲折中發(fā)展、前進(jìn)的。

2、我們的成長(zhǎng)是曲折的。小時(shí)候固然有童年的歡樂，但也有疾病的侵襲；入學(xué)后有成績(jī)優(yōu)異時(shí)的高興，也有成績(jī)落后時(shí)的苦惱；還有與同學(xué)的矛盾、與家長(zhǎng)的隔閡等等，每一步都伴隨著曲折。

3、成功之路是曲折的。愛迪生發(fā)明電燈試驗(yàn)了上萬(wàn)種材料，歌德寫《浮士德》用了六十年，宋祖英是從山溝中走出來的等等，每種成功都充滿了艱辛與曲折。

4、創(chuàng)業(yè)之路是曲折的，如我國(guó)的社會(huì)主義事業(yè)，在第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃勝利完成之后，國(guó)內(nèi)的政治形勢(shì)便發(fā)生了變化：反右、大躍進(jìn)、自然災(zāi)害、文革等，使經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)幾乎陷于停頓。經(jīng)過十一屆三中全會(huì)的整頓調(diào)整后，才走上正途并煥發(fā)出無(wú)限生機(jī)與活力。

5、面對(duì)曲折，我們要有挑戰(zhàn)的勇氣，要有必勝的信心等良好的心理素質(zhì)，這樣，我們才能不畏曲折，迎曲折而上。

【例文】 曲線美的提示

我曾一度很向往直線，老做著”平步青云“之類的美夢(mèng)。可現(xiàn)實(shí)，卻常常把我夢(mèng)中的“直線”分割殆盡，使我舉步維艱。

后來，我終于明白：曲線，無(wú)處不在，比直線更富于魅力。你瞧它：有彎曲，有轉(zhuǎn)折，有流動(dòng)的韻味，能引導(dǎo)你的眼睛作變化無(wú)窮的追逐，能引起你多元的思索??曲線是美的，而美的東西，恰又往往由曲線構(gòu)成。曲線的美，在于自然。

雄偉的山巒，是曲線；滔滔的大江，是曲線；皎潔澄清的明月，是曲線；波濤洶涌的大海，不也是曲線么??

人類的歷史跌宕起伏，有峰巔，也有深谷，可謂一條曲線。

一條無(wú)形而又無(wú)限延展的曲線。帝王將相，從這里經(jīng)過，凡夫俗子，亦在這里繁衍。“讀史使人明智”。人類歷史這一曲線，給人啟迪，讓人清醒。它，猶如一面明鏡，可映照出每個(gè)人、每個(gè)時(shí)代的美丑和興衰。歷史的起伏，是自然的，因?yàn)閺娜祟惾忝嬔哪甏穑瑲v史的道路，就不是涅瓦街上的人行道，而是在荒野中前進(jìn)，有時(shí)穿過塵埃，有時(shí)腳踩泥濘，有時(shí)橫渡沼澤，有時(shí)，又行經(jīng)叢林。歷史這條曲線，顯示了宏偉的美。

人生道路，也是一條曲線，坑坑洼洼，曲曲折折。它上面，既留有得意者的歡欣，也淌過失敗者的淚水，既有順利者的喜悅，又有受挫者的苦惱。在人生道路上，一帆風(fēng)順的幸運(yùn)兒，也許有，但卻少得可憐。而且，正由于人生像條曲線，生命才變得充實(shí)而有意義。當(dāng)一個(gè)人，走完了自己的坎坷旅程而驀然回首時(shí)，他定會(huì)為自己留下的曲折而執(zhí)著的印跡而欣慰，對(duì)大千世界報(bào)以滿意的一瞥??人生的曲線，鼓人信心，給人希望，激人奮進(jìn)，展示了人類奮斗的力量和力量的美。

青年作家陳建功說：“只要星星還在天空閃爍，我們就不必害怕生活的坎坷。”的確，既然人生是一條曲線，我們畏頭縮頸又有何用？倒不如昂起頭來，大踏步前進(jìn)為好。

可是，生活中，總有那么一些人，愛把人生設(shè)想得陽(yáng)光燦爛，風(fēng)平浪靜。可以想見，這些人的前途，是決不會(huì)春光明媚的。他沒有奮斗的準(zhǔn)備，又哪來勝利的甘甜？相反，那些能正確看待人生，成功面前不驕傲，挫折面前不氣餒，1高考作文高分寶典 第一編（概述）的感悟，如“感悟飛瀑”，或?qū)δ骋欢螘r(shí)光的感悟，如“感悟高三”；甚至于可以是形容詞，寫對(duì)事物屬性的感悟，如“感悟美麗”，敘寫自己對(duì)美麗的感覺、感受與領(lǐng)悟，闡明什么是真正的美麗。可見這道題的寫作視角是相當(dāng)寬泛的，只要你能從心靈深處提取動(dòng)人的“生活切片”，對(duì)題材進(jìn)行深刻挖掘，就能寫好這篇作文。

下面幾種構(gòu)思及點(diǎn)撥可作參考：

1、寫議論文必須以具體形象為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，以對(duì)某一形象的感悟、闡發(fā)為主要內(nèi)容。比如《感悟花芽》，可以寫自己面對(duì)花芽時(shí)產(chǎn)生的聯(lián)想，表達(dá)自己“愿做小小的花芽，讓風(fēng)雨的洗禮，催開成功的花朵”的觀點(diǎn)，然后以別人看來“花芽太小，”、“花芽太嫩”、“花芽太弱”三句話，分別引出若干事例——有志不在年高的事例、少年身殘志堅(jiān)的事例、年少位卑也敢為國(guó)爭(zhēng)光的事例，論證“花芽”雖小、嫩、弱，但歷經(jīng)奮斗磨煉，定能催開成功的花朵的道理。

2、寫抒情散文必須讓自己的情感與具體形象（細(xì)節(jié)）水乳交融。比如寫《感悟高三》，構(gòu)思時(shí)高三學(xué)習(xí)生活中的一幕幕情景會(huì)紛至沓來，浮現(xiàn)在眼前。寫什么？高三生活最大的特點(diǎn)是什么？然后根據(jù)高三生活的一些特點(diǎn)，選取典型細(xì)節(jié)，在夾敘夾議中抒發(fā)感情。值得注意的是，抒情散文寫作前醞釀感情極為重要。感情充沛，才能思如泉涌。

3、寫記敘散文或小小說必須設(shè)置情節(jié)，安排人物。人物可以是“我”，也可以是“他（她）”，情節(jié)（或者說人物的命運(yùn)）是文章的“感點(diǎn)”，人物的“感悟”一般在結(jié)尾“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”，但高明的寫法可以讓人物的“感悟”貫串整個(gè)情節(jié)，在激烈的矛盾沖突中展現(xiàn)人物的性格特點(diǎn)。

第二篇：教師《面試高分寶典》之教師面試禮儀

教師《面試高分寶典》之教師面試禮儀在生活中，禮儀很大程度上顯示出一個(gè)人所具有的素質(zhì)及一定的教養(yǎng)，因此在教師招錄面試過程中，教師禮儀起著很重要的作用，甚至在有的面試場(chǎng)合中還是面試考核內(nèi)容的一部分。以下是中公講師劉曉亮歸納整理的教師面試過程中最基本的禮儀，應(yīng)試者尤其需要注意。

一、教師的基本姿勢(shì)

(一)站姿——挺拔、輕松、自然

教師在面試過程中表現(xiàn)得最多的姿勢(shì)就是站姿。良好的站姿能襯托出美好的氣度和瀟灑的風(fēng)度。正確站姿的基本要求是：

1.抬頭、雙目向前平視，面帶微笑。

2.胸腹距離拉長(zhǎng)，雙臂自然下垂，或相搭放置腹前。

3.軀干挺直，身體重心在兩腿中間，不偏左也不偏右，兩腿直立。男士自然開列，女士雙膝靠攏,做到挺胸、收腹、立腰。不良的站姿：站立時(shí)縮脖、塌腰、聳肩，雙手放在兜里或插在腰間。

(二)坐姿——端正、文雅、自如

正確的坐姿給人一種安祥莊重的印象。正確坐姿的基本要求是：

1.入坐時(shí)要輕要穩(wěn)，雙肩平正放松。女士雙膝靠攏，男士雙腿自然開列。女子入座前若是裙裝，應(yīng)用手稍攏一下。

2.面帶笑容，上身自然挺直。

3.坐在椅子上，至少應(yīng)坐滿椅子的三分之二，脊背輕靠椅背。

4.起立時(shí)，右腳向后收半步，而后站起。

5.談話時(shí)，身體不東倒西歪，不前傾后仰。上體與腿可以同時(shí)側(cè)向?qū)Ψ健２涣甲耍簝赏冗^分地叉開或長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)地伸出去;蹺起二郎腿;將雙手放于臀下;腿腳經(jīng)常抖動(dòng)。

(三)步態(tài)——從容、平穩(wěn)、輕盈、充滿自信

正確的步態(tài)給人一種自信穩(wěn)重的印象。正確的步態(tài)要求是：

1.雙目平視，面帶微笑，跨步均勻，上身挺直,步伐穩(wěn)健有節(jié)奏感。

2.雙膝靠近，兩腿的內(nèi)側(cè)落地時(shí)軌跡近于一條直線。

不正確的步態(tài)：用腳蹭地面;手插褲兜走路;左顧右盼;大搖大擺或左右搖晃。

第三篇：河南教師招聘面試《高分寶典》：教案設(shè)計(jì)概述（xiexiebang推薦）

河南教師招聘面試《高分寶典》：教案設(shè)計(jì)概述

一、教案的內(nèi)涵

教案是教師為順利而有效地開展教學(xué)活動(dòng)，根據(jù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，以課時(shí)或課題為單位，對(duì)教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)步驟、教學(xué)方法等進(jìn)行具體的安排和設(shè)計(jì)的一種實(shí)用性教學(xué)文書。教案通常又叫課時(shí)計(jì)劃。它是上課的重要依據(jù)，通常包括：班級(jí)、學(xué)科、課題、上課時(shí)間、課的類型、教學(xué)方法、教學(xué)目的、教學(xué)內(nèi)容、課的進(jìn)程和時(shí)間分配等。有的教案還列有教具和現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段(如電影、投影、錄像、錄音等)的使用、作業(yè)題、板書設(shè)計(jì)和課后自我反思與評(píng)價(jià)等項(xiàng)目。由于學(xué)科和教材的性質(zhì)﹑教學(xué)目的和課的類型不同，教案不必具有固定的形式。

在實(shí)際教學(xué)活動(dòng)中，教案起著十分重要的作用。

二、教案的作用

(一)教案是教學(xué)活動(dòng)的依據(jù)

寫好教案是保證教學(xué)取得成功,提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量的基本條件。教學(xué)過程是由教師的教和學(xué)生的學(xué)所組成的雙邊活動(dòng)過程。提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量包括兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:一方面是指課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的,學(xué)生必須掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和技能、技巧，要深刻透徹河南教師資格網(wǎng)：http://he.zgjsks.com/

新浪微博：@河南中公事業(yè)部

微信號(hào)：hesydw

地理解,并能牢固地記憶和熟練地掌握;另一方面要求學(xué)生在掌握規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和技能、技巧的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)揮學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和創(chuàng)造性,把所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)類推到有關(guān)問題中,去理解、分析、解決新的問題。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的目的,就要在授課前充分了解學(xué)生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律和身心發(fā)展的規(guī)律,根據(jù)教學(xué)過程的具體特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)出合乎客觀規(guī)律性的教學(xué)方案,有的放矢地進(jìn)行教學(xué)。如果不認(rèn)真書寫教案,教學(xué)過程中必然目標(biāo)模糊,心中無(wú)數(shù),要求不當(dāng),隨心所欲，而最終無(wú)法取得

好的教學(xué)效果。

(二)教案有利于教學(xué)水平的提高

認(rèn)真編寫教案是提高教學(xué)水平的重要過程。教師編寫教案是一個(gè)研究教學(xué)大綱、教材、教學(xué)內(nèi)容、學(xué)生及教法等因素的綜合過程。在這個(gè)過程中,教師不僅要研究教材的知識(shí)體系、學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)教材的狀況(接受水平、心理特點(diǎn)和思維規(guī)律),而且要按照課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神,分析教材的編寫意圖和教材特點(diǎn),分析教材的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)、體系和深廣度,特別是要以整體為背景,分析各部分教材的特點(diǎn),明確教材的要求,教材的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),分析知識(shí)的價(jià)值功能,醞釀設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)過程,確定教學(xué)方法。教學(xué)水平的提高,在很大程度上取決于對(duì)教材的鉆研。

(三)教案有助于教研活動(dòng)的開展

河南教師資格網(wǎng)：http://he.zgjsks.com/

新浪微博：@河南中公事業(yè)部

微信號(hào)：hesydw

編寫教案是開展教學(xué)研究,提高教學(xué)研究能力的過程。教學(xué)過程從某種意義上講是通過合理的方式把以教材為主體的知識(shí)傳授給學(xué)生并達(dá)到培養(yǎng)能力、發(fā)展智力的目的。如何做到合理地傳授是編寫教案的關(guān)鍵,這就需要教師在編寫教案時(shí),不斷地認(rèn)真探究教材本身的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)和結(jié)構(gòu),深入研究學(xué)生的心理特征、學(xué)習(xí)水平及其認(rèn)知規(guī)律,優(yōu)選與教材內(nèi)容和學(xué)生特點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的教學(xué)方法進(jìn)行施教。因此,認(rèn)真編寫好教案,對(duì)于教師的教學(xué)研究、提高教學(xué)水平無(wú)疑是很有價(jià)值的。

三、怎樣編寫好教案

(一)鉆研課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與教材,確定教學(xué)目的

在鉆研課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與教材的基礎(chǔ)上,掌握教材中的概念或原理在深度和廣度方面的要求,理解教材的基本思想,確定本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。教學(xué)目標(biāo)一般應(yīng)包括：知識(shí)方面;智能方面;

思想教育方面。

教學(xué)過程是一個(gè)完整的系統(tǒng),制訂教學(xué)目標(biāo)要根據(jù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求、教材內(nèi)容、學(xué)生素質(zhì)、教學(xué)手段等實(shí)際情況為出發(fā)

點(diǎn),考慮其可能性。

河南教師資格網(wǎng)：http://he.zgjsks.com/

新浪微博：@河南中公事業(yè)部

微信號(hào)：hesydw

(二)明確本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容在整個(gè)教材中的地位,確定教學(xué)重

點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)

在鉆研整個(gè)教材的基礎(chǔ)上,明確本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容在整個(gè)教材中的地位及重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。所謂重點(diǎn),是指關(guān)鍵性的知識(shí),學(xué)生理解了它,其他問題就可迎刃而解。所謂難點(diǎn)是相對(duì)的,是指學(xué)生常常容易誤解和不容易理解的部分。不同水平的學(xué)生有不同的難點(diǎn)。寫教案時(shí),主要考慮這樣幾類知識(shí):概念抽象學(xué)生又缺乏感性認(rèn)識(shí)的知識(shí);思維定勢(shì)帶來的負(fù)遷移;現(xiàn)象復(fù)雜,文字概括性強(qiáng)的定律或定理;根據(jù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,不能或不必做深入闡述的知識(shí);概念相通,方法相似的知識(shí)。

(三)組織教材,選擇教法

根據(jù)教學(xué)原則和教材特點(diǎn),結(jié)合學(xué)生的具體情況和學(xué)校設(shè)備條件來組織教材并考慮教法,初步構(gòu)思整個(gè)教學(xué)過程。教材的組織是多種多樣的,同一教材可以有不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。但不論是哪一種結(jié)構(gòu)都必須圍繞中心內(nèi)容,根據(jù)教材的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系貫穿重點(diǎn),確定講解的層次和步驟。同時(shí),在選擇教法上,還必須充分考慮如何集中學(xué)生的注意力,啟發(fā)學(xué)生的積極思

維。

(四)設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)程序及時(shí)間安排

河南教師資格網(wǎng)：http://he.zgjsks.com/

新浪微博：@河南中公事業(yè)部

微信號(hào)：hesydw

對(duì)于上課時(shí)如何通過復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí)引入新課題，新授課的內(nèi)容如何展開，強(qiáng)調(diào)哪些重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，如何講解難點(diǎn)，最后的鞏固小結(jié)應(yīng)如何進(jìn)行等程序及其各部分所用的時(shí)間,都應(yīng)在編寫

教案前給予充分的考慮。

(五)設(shè)計(jì)好板書

板書是課堂教學(xué)的重要組成部分,因此在編寫教案時(shí)應(yīng)給予足夠的重視。板書的設(shè)計(jì)可以從鉆研分析教材的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)入手,也可以從分析學(xué)生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律入手。

四、編寫教案中要注意的幾個(gè)問題(一)教案編寫要求內(nèi)容全面、完整、具體

整個(gè)教案編寫應(yīng)內(nèi)容全面,環(huán)節(jié)完整,層次清楚,各部分的過渡銜接應(yīng)自然順暢,以確保教案在教學(xué)中的指導(dǎo)作用。若書寫雜亂,不分層次,則教師在課堂上就無(wú)法及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地按教案的內(nèi)容安排進(jìn)行教學(xué),直接影響教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提高。(二)編寫教案要重點(diǎn)掌握教學(xué)過程和教學(xué)方法的設(shè)計(jì) 編寫教案的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)是教學(xué)過程和教學(xué)方法的設(shè)計(jì)。因此在實(shí)際教學(xué)中應(yīng)避免兩種傾向：一種是教案寫得過于簡(jiǎn)單,只寫成提綱形式,這樣不利于教師的課前準(zhǔn)備和具體教學(xué)過程的河南教師資格網(wǎng)：http://he.zgjsks.com/

新浪微博：@河南中公事業(yè)部

微信號(hào)：hesydw

實(shí)施;另一種是將教案寫成繁瑣的講稿,造成上課時(shí)照本宣科,不利于靈活地把握教學(xué)進(jìn)程。

(三)具體教學(xué)實(shí)施中，可對(duì)教案做必要的修改和調(diào)整 編寫的教案是組織教學(xué)的依據(jù),但在具體教學(xué)實(shí)施中,教案也不是絕對(duì)不可改變的,可根據(jù)課堂上的實(shí)際情況,做些必要的修改和調(diào)整,以適應(yīng)情況的變化,更好地完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。

(四)重視教學(xué)后記的作用

教學(xué)后記是教案的一個(gè)組成部分,要認(rèn)真填寫教學(xué)計(jì)劃的執(zhí)行情況,效果如何,有什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),原因是什么,應(yīng)如何改進(jìn)等等，以便不斷積累和總結(jié)教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),提高教學(xué)水平。

河南教師資格網(wǎng)：http://he.zgjsks.com/

新浪微博：@河南中公事業(yè)部

微信號(hào)：hesydw

第四篇：高考作文高分技巧之引用篇

高 考考 作作 文文 高高 分分 技技 巧巧 高古人常說，“腹有詩(shī)書氣自華。”古典詩(shī)文蘊(yùn)含著深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)和情感資源，妙用古詩(shī)文可以激活語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，彰顯文章底蘊(yùn)，使文章散發(fā)出濃濃的書卷氣和文化氣。這無(wú)疑是高考作文“出彩”、“創(chuàng)新”的一條有效便捷的途徑。那么，怎樣借用古詩(shī)文來為你的高考作文增輝添色呢？

一、妙引古詩(shī)文名句出彩

這是高考作文中最常見的方式，可引用分為局部引用和全篇引用。

（一）局部引用。就是在文章的局部位置引用古典詩(shī)文名句，如文章的標(biāo)題、題記、首段和末尾等。這些地方所處的位置比較突出、醒目，容易引發(fā)讀者的關(guān)注，給他們留下較好的印象。

在文章標(biāo)題處引用古詩(shī)文名句，能讓題目顯得典雅蘊(yùn)藉，富有文學(xué)情趣，起到耀人眼目、催人卒讀之功。如03年福建考生的《月是故鄉(xiāng)明》，引用杜甫名句作為標(biāo)題，不僅緊扣“感情的親疏遠(yuǎn)近和對(duì)事物的認(rèn)知”這一作文話題，而且表達(dá)得更有韻味；04年福建考生的《一蓑風(fēng)雨任平生》，引用蘇軾《定**》語(yǔ)句，作為題目，既緊扣所選的歷史人物，貼切凝練，又昭示文章題旨，寫出了蘇軾的豁達(dá)與超脫，可謂“一石雙鳥”。

在文章開頭嵌入詩(shī)詞佳句，以此領(lǐng)起全篇，則能夠使語(yǔ)言顯得凝練精辟，更能讓閱卷者立刻“窺”到作者的文化積淀和人文素養(yǎng)，給他們留下較佳的第一印象。如2004年陜西考生的《尋找快樂，精彩人生》的開頭：

“漫步于秋日落葉徐徐的小徑上，不禁吟了一句：?無(wú)邊落葉蕭蕭下，不盡愁緒滾滾來。?慨嘆落葉的悲哀與不幸。其實(shí)，落葉的生命或許就是這樣，只求得春日繁茂，秋日落英繽紛。換個(gè)思維方式，龔自珍曾說過?落紅不是無(wú)情物，化作春泥更護(hù)花?嘛！我們應(yīng)該欣喜，享受落英繽紛的秋景。”

這個(gè)開頭由情景入手，化用杜甫的“無(wú)邊落木蕭蕭下，不盡長(zhǎng)江滾滾來”，自然引出對(duì)落葉的聯(lián)想，然后再引用龔自珍的名句，恰當(dāng)?shù)卦忈屃恕翱鞓沸腋Ｅc我們的思維方式”這一哲理話題的內(nèi)涵。這樣處理，使文章在開頭便顯得意蘊(yùn)深刻，詩(shī)意靈動(dòng)，從而避免了“開門見山”式說理可能會(huì)有的干巴枯燥。

在文章收尾處引用古典詩(shī)文，則具有畫龍點(diǎn)睛之效，能夠啟人心智、升華主題，收到言有盡而意無(wú)窮的表達(dá)效果，令讀者掩卷沉思，回味無(wú)窮。如04年福建考生《照海倚天》的結(jié)尾：

“君不見黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復(fù)回，君不見高堂明鏡悲白發(fā)，朝如青絲暮成雪。”流年似水，時(shí)光如電地過去，也許，只有歷史才能讓“無(wú)字碑頭鐫字滿”，也許也只有歷史，才能最好地詮釋曾國(guó)藩在天京城破黃袍欲加身之時(shí)寫盡生平心境的一句話：倚天照海花無(wú)數(shù)，流水高山心自知。

三處引用貼切自然不顯斧鑿，使文章文采飛揚(yáng)，情理交輝，意蘊(yùn)深遠(yuǎn)，辨證而深刻地評(píng)價(jià)了曾國(guó)藩這一歷史人物，實(shí)在是一記漂亮有力的“豹尾”。

（二）全篇引用。既指整段之內(nèi)大量引用，又指全文各段大量引用。由于古典詩(shī)文具有的深厚的文化積淀，大量、多處的引用，將能大大提升文章的文化品質(zhì)和審美趣味，充實(shí)文章的底蘊(yùn)。整段引用的如：

“寂寞是什么?曾幾何時(shí)，有李白?舉杯邀明月，對(duì)影成三人?，也許，寂寞便是皓月當(dāng)空，好風(fēng)如水，萬(wàn)籟俱寂時(shí)形影相吊的那種感覺吧!曾幾何時(shí)，有李后主感慨?無(wú)言獨(dú)上西樓，月如鉤，寂寞梧桐深院鎖清秋?，也許，寂寞正是深宮大院，國(guó)愁家愁人也愁的情絲糾纏吧!曾幾何時(shí)，有陳子昂感嘆?前不見古人，后不見來者，念天地之悠悠，獨(dú)愴然而涕下?，也許，寂寞就是芳草依舊，天涯依舊，物是人非的空虛心境吧!于是，我問月亮，廣寒宮的嫦娥告訴我，寂寞是?云母屏風(fēng)燭影深，長(zhǎng)河漸落曉星辰?的?碧海青天夜夜心?。寂寞到底是什么?我無(wú)法回答。”

——2000年高考優(yōu)秀作文《寂寞的意韻》

一段之內(nèi)五處引用詩(shī)詞名句，以此作為文章情感和義理的載體，讓“寂寞”具有了深刻的文化內(nèi)涵，既為文章增添了亮麗的色彩，也增強(qiáng)了論證的說服力和感染力，使文章底蘊(yùn)厚實(shí)，充滿典雅蘊(yùn)藉的詩(shī)意和豐富的人文氣息。

而全篇引用的，2003四川省高考優(yōu)秀作文《只緣身在此山中》則可稱得上是典范之作了。該文以蘇軾名句作為標(biāo)題，非常恰切地暗扣作文話題“感情親疏與對(duì)事物的認(rèn)知”；緊接著引用崔護(hù)的詩(shī)句“去年今日此門中，人面桃花相映紅。人面不知何處去，桃花依舊笑春風(fēng)”，自然引出對(duì)“情感與認(rèn)知”關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)，確立文章主旨；然后緊承首段，引用了李清照的《如夢(mèng)令（昨夜雨疏風(fēng)驟）》、杜甫的《茅屋為秋風(fēng)所破歌》、蘇軾的《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》、杜牧的《赤壁》，從幾個(gè)角度來進(jìn)一步闡述主旨，形象生動(dòng)而不乏理性；末尾再以蘇軾的“不識(shí)廬山真面目”收結(jié)全文。綜觀全文，恰到好處的引用、嵌入古典詩(shī)詞，使哲理思考和情感抒發(fā)傳達(dá)得深刻而有底蘊(yùn)，讓文章?lián)碛辛溯^高的文化品位。

《只緣身在此山中》

“去年今日此門中，人面桃花相映紅。人面不知何處去，桃花依舊笑春風(fēng)。”詩(shī)人把毫無(wú)思想感情的桃花看作“笑春風(fēng)”而發(fā)出感慨，恐怕緣于“人面桃花相映紅”。詩(shī)人對(duì)于桃花的認(rèn)識(shí)，也出于愛屋及烏而有所專屬。由此觀之，人們對(duì)于事物的認(rèn)識(shí)，是不乏感情因素的。

人類的感情豐富，或憎或愛，或欣喜或悲傷，有絲絲的愉悅，也有淡淡的憂傷。于 是，伴隨感情而獲得的認(rèn)識(shí)總會(huì)絢麗多彩，但這正是人類所需要的。

“昨夜雨疏風(fēng)驟，濃睡不消殘酒，試問卷簾人，卻道海棠依舊，知否，知否，應(yīng)是綠肥紅瘦。”卷簾人與李清照的認(rèn)識(shí)為何懸殊，我想，應(yīng)該歸結(jié)為兩人的經(jīng)歷、身份以及感情的把握不同。也正是由于這樣的懸殊，才得以造就偉大的詞人。

人類需要認(rèn)知，認(rèn)知是人類進(jìn)步的源泉，但人類也是感情動(dòng)物，認(rèn)知的過程也包含感情的表達(dá)。源于人心靈的精神血脈需要充滿感情的認(rèn)知！

記敘時(shí)，有人說：“八月秋高風(fēng)怒號(hào)，卷我屋上三重茅。”但他不局限于對(duì)于事實(shí)的描述。“安得廣廈千萬(wàn)間，大庇天下寒士俱歡顏，風(fēng)雨不動(dòng)安如山。”由此折射出作者的智慧與寬大的胸懷，這無(wú)疑是對(duì)事物更深層次的認(rèn)知。取得這樣的認(rèn)知，需要感情，閱讀這樣的認(rèn)知，又何嘗不需要呢？

議論時(shí)，認(rèn)知更加豐富。

“大江東去，浪淘盡，千古風(fēng)流人物；故壘西邊，人道是，三國(guó)周郎赤壁。”這是何等的贊嘆。“折戟沉沙鐵未銷，自將磨洗認(rèn)前朝，東風(fēng)不與周郎便，銅雀春深鎖二喬。”這又是何等的冷靜與思辯。而當(dāng)東坡先生再游于赤壁之時(shí)“蓋將自其變者觀之，則天地曾不能以一瞬，自其不變者觀之，則物與我皆無(wú)盡也。”又把思想提上了哲學(xué)的境界。

由此觀，感情是認(rèn)知的血脈，使它生機(jī)盎然，使它娓娓動(dòng)聽，而感情也離不開認(rèn)知，它要在一次次的認(rèn)知中表達(dá)。

感謝情感，是它豐富了認(rèn)知的內(nèi)涵，是它澆灌了認(rèn)知的清泉，為了認(rèn)知，就算“不識(shí)廬山真面目”，又有何妨？

點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文旁征博引，信手拈來，表現(xiàn)了作者深厚的文學(xué)功底和高超的文字駕馭能力；在短時(shí)間內(nèi)能將感情和認(rèn)知的關(guān)系進(jìn)行形象生動(dòng)而不乏理性的分析，實(shí)屬不易，若能在“親疏”上再下功夫，文章定能更上一層樓。

二、巧套古詩(shī)文結(jié)構(gòu)出彩

古人寫詩(shī)做文都很講究章法，每一首（篇）詩(shī)文都有其完整的行文結(jié)構(gòu)與寫作脈絡(luò)，再加上古詩(shī)文本身言簡(jiǎn)意豐、音韻和諧，套用古詩(shī)文來鋪設(shè)文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅能使文章層次分明、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，而且更能給人以典雅優(yōu)美的感覺，能夠在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)打動(dòng)讀者。這一點(diǎn)，2004年湖南高考優(yōu)秀作文《琵琶行之父母有情》做出了很好的示范。白居易的《琵琶行》以琵琶女的演奏貫穿全篇，將樂曲的情調(diào)與演奏者、聽者的情緒融為一體，又以琵琶女自敘身世和詩(shī)人傾訴郁悶相映襯，其行文結(jié)構(gòu)與情感抒發(fā)融合無(wú)間，曲盡長(zhǎng)篇歌行體詩(shī)歌之妙。《琵琶行之父母有情》這篇作文妙就妙在直接套用白詩(shī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，將《琵琶行》一詩(shī)中有關(guān)音樂描寫的詩(shī)句，直接抽取出來、編織出全文的行文結(jié)構(gòu)：“轉(zhuǎn)軸撥弦三兩聲，未成曲調(diào)先有情”，“間關(guān)鶯語(yǔ)花底滑”，“大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私語(yǔ)。嘈嘈切切錯(cuò)雜彈，大珠小珠落玉盤”，“冰泉冷澀弦凝絕，凝絕不通聲漸歇。別有憂愁暗恨生，此時(shí)無(wú)聲勝有聲”，“曲終收撥當(dāng)心畫，四弦一聲如裂帛”，“座中泣下誰(shuí)最多，掌上明珠雙眸濕（原詩(shī)為?江州司馬青衫濕?）”。這些詩(shī)句在《琵琶行》中本身就是串連詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容、編織抒情脈絡(luò)的關(guān)鍵詩(shī)句，被引用為文章行文轉(zhuǎn)換的語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志，不僅巧妙地串起從小到大父母對(duì)“我”的關(guān)愛與教育的一些生活細(xì)節(jié)，而且使文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)放得開又收得攏，讀來自有別樣的韻味。

三、模仿古詩(shī)文語(yǔ)言出彩

語(yǔ)言是文章的第--關(guān)口，高考作文的語(yǔ)言除了要能夠根據(jù)文章需要盡可能得體準(zhǔn)確之外，還應(yīng)該盡量地體現(xiàn)出個(gè)性的色彩。如果你的文言功底比較扎實(shí)的話，不妨模仿古典詩(shī)文的語(yǔ)言，用文言的筆法來表達(dá)現(xiàn)代的感悟，這無(wú)疑也是高考作文“出彩”的一記妙招，歷年高考作文中都有這方面的成功例子，如2001年南京考生蔣昕捷的《赤兔之死》，2002年江蘇考生的《諫屈原書》，2003年四川考生的《愚者傳》和北京考生的《轉(zhuǎn)折》等。值得一提的還有2002年江蘇考生寫的五言敘事詩(shī)《孔雀東南飛》，其語(yǔ)言脫胎于古樂府名篇《孔雀東南飛》，以一位才華橫溢有志投身西部大開發(fā)的青年作為敘事的中心人物，寫得像模像樣。請(qǐng)看其開頭：

“孔雀東南飛，五里一徘徊。

?五歲進(jìn)小學(xué)，九歲入省中，十五游南大，二十研究生。此生條件好，工作不愁找。東家婆也夸，西家嬸也贊。姐弟笑盈盈，父母樂呵呵！?好事人相承，傳遍南京城。”

這些高考優(yōu)秀作文在古典詩(shī)文語(yǔ)言的借鑒上，顯示出了作者個(gè)性的寫作才華和較為深厚的古文修養(yǎng)，以及較好的駕駛語(yǔ)言的功力。當(dāng)然，文言文畢竟是舊時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物，這種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式本身是不值得提倡和鼓勵(lì)，本節(jié)內(nèi)容只是為考生提供一種參考。要知道，這些優(yōu)秀作文的成功靠得是“故事新奇”、“立意高遠(yuǎn)”、“語(yǔ)言老到”、“內(nèi)容充實(shí)”，這些才是它們獲得成功的關(guān)鍵，而非僅僅是淺易的文言。

四、改寫古詩(shī)文內(nèi)容出彩

好的古典詩(shī)文都是富于啟示性的，言簡(jiǎn)而意豐，能夠通過鮮明的形象和富有張力的表達(dá)喚起讀者無(wú)盡的聯(lián)想和想象。通過對(duì)古詩(shī)文的改寫，來傳達(dá)自己對(duì)生活的感悟，也能讓自己的高考作文呈現(xiàn)出迷人的色彩，平添些許的詩(shī)意。當(dāng)然，改寫不是對(duì)古詩(shī)文的純機(jī)械翻譯，而是對(duì)古詩(shī)文的一種再創(chuàng)作、再提高和個(gè)性化鑒賞。例如屈原的名句“路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮，吾將上下而求索”，我們可以聯(lián)系自己對(duì)屈原的理解來改寫，表達(dá)出自己的個(gè)性化感悟。下面是筆者在作文課上為學(xué)生所作的示范：

第五篇：(修改版)雅思寫作高分寶典

雅思寫作高分寶典（打印稿）

雅思A類議論文寫作

第一節(jié)——教育與學(xué)習(xí)

1、向老師還是從網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電視上學(xué)知識(shí)

Students at school and universities learn far more from lessons with teachers than from other sources(such as the Internet, television).To what extend do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

In the Information Age, students have more accesses to all kinds of information.Some people argue that they should grasp every means to learn rather than learn from teachers, while others hold the opposite view.Speaking for myself, I stand on the side of the former one.No doubt, it is absolutely necessary for students to learn their lessons in class with teachers at schools and universities.But, at the same time, we find some knowledge seems practically useless, and teachers are often enthusiastic to explain some theories, which are not of much use for most of the students in their future.Such lessons are not suitable for everyone.Some students may feel boring and their requests for specific knowledge cannot be met, too.Using a range of sources such as the Internet and television to learn has obviously merits.On the one hand, students can study on line efficiently.For example, modern technology has provided many powerful computer assisted language learning programs that help students with pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, reading and writing of different languages.On the other hand, students can learn practical skills which are taught on the Internet and television by using specific examples.Knowledge and art from these sources would be useful supplements to those from lessons at schools and universities.From the above mentioned analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that other sources like the Internet and television are indispensable supplements to the traditional education forms.And students should also learn much more from the Internet and television.【高分詞匯】 ★grasp vt.抓住，抓緊

例He thought mathematics more difficult to grasp than physics.○譯他覺得數(shù)學(xué)比物理更難捉摸 ○★enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的

例China has the most enthusiastic fans in the world.○譯中國(guó)有全世界最熱情的球迷 ○★be suitable for 適合……的

例 The weather is suitable for outdoor activities.○

譯天氣適合戶外運(yùn)動(dòng) ○★practical adj.實(shí)際的、實(shí)用的

例 The plan takes on a more practical aspect.○譯這個(gè)計(jì)劃具有更切合實(shí)際的性質(zhì) ○★supplement n.補(bǔ)遺、補(bǔ)充 v.補(bǔ)充

例Try a B vitamin supplement.○譯試著補(bǔ)充些維生素B ○★indispensable adj.不可缺少的，絕對(duì)必要的

例 The computers are now an indispensable tool in many businesses ○譯目前，計(jì)算機(jī)是很多公司不可或缺的工具 ○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Some people argue that …, while others hold the opposite view.Speaking for myself, I stand on the side of the former one.譯文： 一些人認(rèn)為……，然而其他人持有相反的觀點(diǎn)。在我看來，我支持前者。解讀：這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)適用于第一段，引出題目中雙方的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)表明自己的立場(chǎng)，表示支持前者或后者的觀點(diǎn)。

2.From the above mentioned analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that… 譯文： 通過上面的分析，我們可以得出結(jié)論，那就是，……

解讀：這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)適用于結(jié)尾段，承接上文，并給出結(jié)論。這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)在絕大多數(shù)的議論文結(jié)尾都可以使用。

2、出國(guó)留學(xué)的利弊

More and more students choose to go to another country for their higher education.Do you think the benefits outweigh the problems associated with it? 【Model Essay】

In order to acquire more knowledge, more and more people decided to further their study abroad.I believe that the benefits of studying abroad for higher education are far greater than problems that could be associated with it.There are many reasons supporting my view.First and foremost, students can learn advanced knowledge and management experience which can widen their horizons and minds.Then, studying abroad can provide a good language environment to students and make it easy to pick a language, which can contribute to remove language barrier and make international cooperation much easier.Besides, studying abroad can cultivate students’ ability to live independently and their characters, for they have to deal with many problems and learn how to be accustomed to a new environment and how to get along with foreign teachers and classmates.Last but not least, studying abroad is an excellent way for

students to learn about themselves and the world in which they live in.By communicating with foreign friends, they will experience the characteristics of a distinct culture and see the similarities to and differences from their own.However, studying abroad also brings about many disadvantages.Firstly, students will be confronted with so many psychological problems.They often feel lonely and helpless in a new environment.Furthermore, the tuition is very high, which is a very heavy burden to the average people.To sum up, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages greatly.We should encourage students study abroad.When they accomplish their curriculum, they can make more contribution to the construction of our society.【高分詞匯】

★acquire vt.獲得，學(xué)到

例The company has recently acquired new offices in central London.○譯公司最近在倫敦市中心弄到了新的辦公室 ○★further vt.促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)

例We’ll do all we can to further your plans.○譯我們將經(jīng)歷促成你們的計(jì)劃。○★associate vt.是發(fā)生聯(lián)系，使聯(lián)合

例I don’t associate the two ideas.○譯這兩個(gè)概念我聯(lián)系不起來。○★horizon vt.范圍，視野

例Go out for broaden your horizon.○譯出去開開眼界。○★cultivate vt.培養(yǎng)

例She cultivates her mind by reading many books.○譯她博覽群書，修身養(yǎng)性。○★deal with 應(yīng)付，處理；對(duì)待

例He must deal with many difficulties.○譯他必須應(yīng)付許多困難。○★be accustomed to習(xí)慣于

例He is accustomed to loneliness.○譯他對(duì)于孤獨(dú)已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常。○★get along with 與……和睦相處

例He is good-tempered;he gets along with everyone.○譯他脾氣好，和誰(shuí)都處得來。○

3、老師在信息時(shí)代的作用

Teachers used to convey information, but now with wide resources of information from the Internet, there is no role for teachers to play in modern education.Do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, the computer is growing in popularity in education for its marvelous functions.Some people, therefore, claim that teachers` roles are not significant any more in the Information Age given the convenience and efficiency of the Internet in terms of information access.As far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit partial and misleading.Most important of all, it is often the case that teachers can benefit students in many ways which computers cannot.Indeed, teachers often bring students a host of knowledge and ideas out of text books, such as ethics and such kind of things.There are plenty of vivid evidences to support the opinion that teachers are usually serving as the guide for students, a role which can never be performed by computers.For example, when I studied in high school, one of my teachers helped me with my study and taught me how to deal with difficulties in my life as well.It is impossible for computers to fulfill these actions.In addition, a more subtle point is that young students are more susceptible to the adverse influence of computers.It is a general principle that juveniles are usually lack in the sense of judgment to tell right from wrong.So they are more likely to be distracted from study by the lure that comes along with computers.Therefore, teachers are superior to computers in cultivating students.To conclude, it is all very well to suggest that teachers invariably enjoy the most crucial role in fostering young people, we should not lose sight of the dramatic benefits brought by computers as well.That is to say, teacher can never give way to computers buy they can make computers facilitate their jobs.【高分詞匯】

★convenience n.便利，方便，有益

例 The house has all the modern conveniences.○譯這棟房屋有各種現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)施。○★in terms of 就......而言，從……方面說來

例He referred to your work in terms of high praise.○譯他對(duì)你的工作大加贊揚(yáng)。○★ethics n.道德規(guī)范，倫理學(xué)

例 The ethics of his profession don`t permit him to do that.○譯他的職業(yè)道德不允許他那樣做。○

★subtle adj.敏感的，微妙的

例 Her whole attitude had undergone a subtle change.○譯她的整個(gè)態(tài)度發(fā)生了微妙的變化。○★be susceptible to 對(duì)……敏感

例In his weakened condition, he is very susceptible to cold.○譯他身體很弱，因此很容易患感冒。○★superior adj.較高的，上級(jí)的，較好的

例You’re a very superior young woman.○譯你是一個(gè)非常優(yōu)秀的年輕女性。○★foster vt.養(yǎng)育，撫育，培養(yǎng)

例Nowadays young couple sometimes foster.○譯現(xiàn)今年輕夫婦有時(shí)領(lǐng)養(yǎng)別人的孩子。○★give way to 讓路，讓步

例Cloudy mornings give way to clear evenings.○譯【諺】早晨云遮日，晚上星滿天。○★facilitate vt.使便利，減輕……的困難

例Tractors facilitate farming.○譯拖拉機(jī)使耕作便利。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.As far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit partial and misleading.譯文： 在我看來，這種觀點(diǎn)有點(diǎn)偏頗并且容易令人誤解。解讀：這個(gè)句型常常用于第一段的末尾，表明作者的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)。2.Most important of all, it is often the case that … 譯文： 最重要的是，……

解讀：在這個(gè)句型中，it is often the case 一般不用翻譯，它所表述的實(shí)際內(nèi)容就是that后面的內(nèi)容。省略了it is often the case 也沒有錯(cuò)，放在這里主要是為了增加文章的語(yǔ)言色彩。

4、通過看電視學(xué)習(xí)

Some children can learn efficiently by watching TV.Therefore, they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

There are many ways of learning, and watching TV is one of them.Some children can learn quite well by watching TV.Hereby, some people argue that children should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school.As far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit absurd and ridiculous.On one hand, in spite the function of learning, TV has so many demerits.Firstly, watching TV is harmful to eyes.Staring at TV for a long time may lead to short sight.Secondly, not all the contents on the TV are suitable for children.Some of TV programs contain violence and obscenity, which are harmful to the children`s growth.Thirdly, long time sitting before TV is not good for physical growth.Staying in one position for a long time can lead to crookback.On the other hand, apart from TV, there still are other efficient ways which can help children to learn.First of all, children can comprehend considerable number of things by playing games.Traditional games do good to exploit children`s wit, and modern games help them to get a rough idea about the society.Then, telling stories is another efficient way.Encouraging children to tell stories can develop their observing abilities and language skills.Last, sightseeing is also a valid method which can help children contact close with the nature.For example, organizing children to the zoo can give them vivid images of the animals.Once you have known all the above-mentioned, you must agree with me that the idea of encouraging children to watch TV both at home and at school is absolutely insane.Watching TV is just one of many effective learning methods, but not the only one.【高分詞匯】

★absurd adj.荒謬的，可笑的

例 What an absurd suggestion!○譯多么荒唐的建議！○★ridiculous adj.荒謬的，可笑的

例It`s the most ridiculous thing I`ve ever heard in my life.○譯這是我有生以來聽到最荒唐可笑的事。○★in spite of 雖然，盡管

例I went out in spite of the rain.○譯 盡管下雨我仍然外出。○★suitable…for 合適的

例 He hasn`t any suitable shoes for the wedding.○譯適合在婚禮上穿的鞋他一雙也沒有。○★efficient adj.有效地，有能力的

例 She is an efficient manageress.○譯她是個(gè)有能力的經(jīng)理。○★comprehend vt.領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解

例I did not comprehend his meaning.○譯我不理解他的意思。○★vivid adj.生動(dòng)的，鮮明的

例 A vivid picture is present to our eyes.○譯一幅栩栩如生的畫面出現(xiàn)在我們面前。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Hereby, some people argue that… 譯文： 因此，一些人認(rèn)為……

解讀：這個(gè)句型一般用于開頭段第二句，也就是在第一句介紹背景之后用于引出某些人的觀點(diǎn)。

2.Once you have known all the above-mentioned, you must agree with me that… 譯文： 一旦你了解了上面所提到的，你肯定會(huì)同意我的觀點(diǎn)，那就是……

解讀：這種句型一般用于最后一段第一句，對(duì)前面所論述的內(nèi)容作出總結(jié)，并進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)作者觀點(diǎn)。考生應(yīng)熟練運(yùn)用這種句型。在結(jié)尾段直接用I believe…這樣的句型，雖然沒有錯(cuò)誤，但缺少語(yǔ)言色彩。恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用上面的句型加分的機(jī)會(huì)更大。

5、各種課程對(duì)職業(yè)的重要性

Some people think that schools should concentrate on academic classes, because they are helpful for further career.But they think music and sports classes are not useful.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Recently, whether schools should concentrate on academic classes has triggered a heated discussion.Some people contend that career-oriented education for college students should be encouraged and schools should mainly provide academic classes.But there are also a majority of people suggest that personality-oriented education is necessary and music and sports classes should also be offered.Personally, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter one in the following reasons.On the one hand, if schools only taught academic classes, the school life would definitely be monotonous and boring.No one can tolerate such tough days.Most students treasure their happy years in school, because they are colorful and diversified.On the other hand, music and sports lessons are extremely important to students.To start with, sports and music can accompany one throughout his life.Some students may forget the academic knowledge learned at school, but they will not forget how to do sports and appreciate music.Furthermore, music classes can cultivate one’s mind and temperament, which are helpful in building one’s optimistic personality.Sports can help students keep fit and build up strong character.Last but not least, sports and music can raise one’s taste.People with good taste of music and sports usually keep away from bad behaviors.Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that academic classes are not as important as some people think, and music and sports classes are not useless, either.Academic classes develop one’s ability;music and sports classes improve one’s personality charm.In contemporary society, only able persons with fine character and moral win the career.【高分詞匯】

★concentrate on專心，把思想集中于

例 Many firms are concentrating on increasing their markets overseas ○譯許多公司正在集中精力開拓它們的海外市場(chǎng)。○★monotonous adj.單調(diào)的，無(wú)變化的

例 She thought life in the small town was monotonous.○譯她覺得小鎮(zhèn)上的生活單調(diào)而乏味。○★tolerate vt.忍受，容忍

例she cannot tolerate that rude fellow.○譯她不能容忍那個(gè)粗魯?shù)募一铩！稹飔reasure vt.珍愛，珍惜

例I certainly treasure the friendship between us very much.○譯我當(dāng)然非常珍視我們之間的友誼。○★temperament n.氣質(zhì)，性情

例Success often depends on temperament.○譯成功常常取決于一個(gè)人的性格。○★keep fit保持健康

例 We work out regularly to keep fit.○譯我堅(jiān)持鍛煉以保持健康。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

3.Some people contend that …But there are also a majority of people suggest that… 譯文： 一些人主張……，但是也有許多人建議…… 解讀：這種句型常常用于第一段，介紹雙方觀點(diǎn)。

2.Personally, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter one in the following reasons.譯文：個(gè)人而言，我傾向于后者，理由如下。

解讀：這個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)一般用于開頭段最后一句，表明作者贊成的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)引起下文。

6、學(xué)習(xí)與職業(yè)發(fā)展

Some people think that studying in a college or university is the best way for students to prepare for their future career.But others think they should leave school as soon as possible to develop their career through work experience.Discuss both these view and give your own opinion.【Model Essay】

Time spent in campus is not always treated with great importance.Some parents may choose other ways for their children’s post-high-school period, namely, helping them find jobs, rather than sending them to a college.I can find myself against this act for many reasons, amongst which we can figure some strongest ones as follows.My first con against this behavior is that education is not just a benefit but also one’s rights.Without education, as Gorge Orwell had once said, is to be deprived of the most precious privilege in our time as a modern man.With college education, youngsters can choose a better way of doing things correctly and efficiently.The sharp contrast between those who have received well education and those without is not just financially, but more vitally, spiritually.Admittedly, we can find cases of some people achieve without college education, but these cases are famous only because they are rare.Those people who succeed with a college degree are more common.The absence of university education is hard to imagine in our days.The prospect of those juvenile workers or businessmen would be even dimmer than ever before.For in our age, knowledge is not only the power, but also the know-how to solving problems and gaining a much larger fortune.Therefore we should always encourage kids to further education and even more, we should fund those who cannot afford their college study ,because their future is the future of our nation.【高分詞匯】

★deprive vt.剝奪，使喪失

例 She has been deprived of sight for some year.○譯她失明已有幾年了。○★privilege n.特權(quán)，特別待遇

例 We need to allow a privilege to him.○譯我們需要給他一種特權(quán)。○★prospect n.景色，前景

例 The prospect of this young team is beyond measure.○譯這支年輕隊(duì)伍前途不可限量。○

★dim vt.使暗淡，使失去光澤

例 His defection from the party dims his political career.○譯他的叛黨使得他政治前途黯淡。○★further education進(jìn)修

例What are my opportunities for additional training or further education? ○譯我有多大的深造或進(jìn)修的機(jī)會(huì)？ ○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.I can find myself against…for many reasons, amongst which we can figure some strongest ones as follows.譯文： 我有很多理由反對(duì)…，在這些理由當(dāng)中，我們能發(fā)現(xiàn)下面一些是最具有說服力的。解讀：這種句型一般用于第一段最后一句，表明作者的立場(chǎng)，引起下文。2.My first con against this behavior is that… 譯文： 我反對(duì)這種行為的第一個(gè)理由是，……

解讀：這種句型一般用在第二段的第一句，解釋作者反對(duì)某種行為或觀點(diǎn)的第一個(gè)原因。

第二節(jié)——經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)

7、技術(shù)與貧富差距

Some people believe the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between the rich and the poor.Do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Technology is one of the most powerful forces in society today.It is being put to use everywhere, in homes and organizations of all sizes and helps millions of people do their jobs more effectively each day.Some people, however, believe the range of technology will widen the gap between the rich and the poor.In fact, I believe that the gap between rich and poor people will narrow because of the new technologies.There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion, and I would explore a few of the most important ones here.First and foremost, the development of technology has made the price of high-tech products less expensive, so even the poor can afford cell phones and computers, which used to be symbols of wealth.That is to say, more people than ever have the opportunity to take advantage of the new technologies, which will definitely decrease the gap between the rich and the poor.Besides, another example is from the way that people travel.We used to take a train, but presently, most people would prefer to take a flight if the destination is quite far away.Such gap between the rich and the poor is not as obvious as before.Last but not least, some poor people who are intelligent can also make good use of the technologies.There are many examples which demonstrate how some poor persons become rich by using high technologies.To conclude, wealth imbalance is not the result of technological development, but the disparity of information.The technology is just the remedy to the disparity.I believe with the range of technology available to people, the gap between the rich and the poor will keep decreasing.【高分詞匯】

★ put to use 使用，利用

例 We shall put it to good use.○譯 我們將好好利用它。○★ widen v.加寬，放寬，擴(kuò)展

例 Her outlook gradually widens ○譯 她的眼光漸漸開闊了。○★ gap n.缺口，差距

例 There is a wide gap between the views of the two statements.○譯 關(guān)于這點(diǎn)，兩位政治家的政見有很大分歧。○★ narrow vt.使變狹窄，使縮小

例 The river narrows at this point.○譯 河在這里變窄了。○★ high-tech n.高科技

例 Traditional products do not disqualify the producer from high-tech ○譯 生產(chǎn)傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品，不表示它就不是高科技。○★ afford vt.提供，供應(yīng)得起

例 She can afford a new computer.○譯 她能買得起一臺(tái)新電腦。○★ intelligent adj.聰明的，伶俐的，有才智的

例 I have not arrived at a very intelligent opinion on that matter.○譯 我對(duì)那件事還沒有高見。○★ demonstrate vt.示范，證明

例 All of those demonstrated the correctness of his analysis.○譯 這一切都證明了他分析的正確性。○★ disparity n.不同，不等

例 Rich and poop live side by side but in conditions of extraordinary disparity.○譯 富人和窮人毗鄰，但居住條件極為懸殊。○★ remedy n.補(bǔ)救 vt.補(bǔ)救，矯正，修補(bǔ)

例 Your only remedy is to appeal to law.○譯 你的唯一補(bǔ)救辦法是訴諸法律。○★ available adj.可用到的，可利用的，有用的

例 I will send you all the periodicals available.○譯 我將把我能得到的期刊都給你寄去。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion, and I would explore a few of the most important ones here.譯文： 持這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)有若干個(gè)原因，在這里我將闡述最重要的幾個(gè)。

解讀：這種句型一般用于第一段末尾，絕大多數(shù)的議論文寫作題目都要用到這個(gè)句型。它有承上啟下的作用：一方面用于強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)引起下文。2.Last but not least, …

譯文：最后但并非不重要，??

解讀：這個(gè)句型一般用于解釋作者反對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)或行為的最后一個(gè)原因，較常見的是用于第四段或第二段最后一句。

8、富國(guó)對(duì)窮國(guó)的援助

Rich countries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty.So rich countries should give other types of help to the poor countries rather than the financial aid.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

It is natural for rich countries to give financial aid to poor ones.However, afflicted with famine, wars, diseases, people living in those poverty-stricken countries are struggling for survival.In face of the severe situation, it is suggested that rich countries should also give other kinds of help to them.This view is based on the propensity of the following points.Many countries are willing to afford financial aid to poor countries, which has turned out to be of high importance to boost economy of poor nations.For example, some rich countries invest large amount of capital to develop industries in poor countries, so that more job opportunities are brought and living standard are enhanced there.However, this kind of aid cannot solve the poverty by the roots.The causes of being economically humble lies in diversified aspects, such as bad education, the lack of new technologies.And diseases and epidemics could be another reason for poverty.Therefore, other sorts of assistance should also be given to the poor ones.To begin with, some advanced technologies should be

introduced to poor countries.Then the teams of teachers and doctors should be dispatched to the needy countries to effectuate the responsibilities of educational and medical aid.Furthermore, medicine and medical training courses should also be scattered to the countries which are in the agony of diseases and epidemics.To summarize, I believe rich countries are definitely duty-bound to help their poor counterparts out.That is to say, both financial aid and other varieties of help should be offered to release those poor people from poverty.And poor countries should also struggle for advance on their own, which can really make a difference.【高分詞匯】

★ financial adj.財(cái)政的，金融的

例 The company was in deep financial difficulties.○譯 該公司陷入了嚴(yán)重的財(cái)務(wù)困難。○★ aid n.幫助，援助

例 He went to the aid of the hurt man.○譯 他前去援助那些受傷的人。○★ afflict vt.使痛苦，折磨

例 Famine and war still afflict mankind.○譯 饑餓和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)仍使人類遭受痛苦。○★ struggle for 為??斗爭(zhēng)

例 We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.○譯 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助那些仍在為獨(dú)立而斗爭(zhēng)的人們。○★ turn out to be 結(jié)果是，原來是

例 He said he was a doctor, but later he turned out to be a cheat.○譯 他自稱是個(gè)醫(yī)生，結(jié)果證明他是個(gè)騙子。○★ boost v.推進(jìn)

例 This will be a great boost to the economy.○譯 這對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展將是一個(gè)巨大的促進(jìn)。○★ by the roots 從根本上

例 They lost the match by the roots.○譯 他們從根本上輸了比賽。○★ effectuate vt.實(shí)行，完成

例 The disease do not prevent him from effectuating his plan.○譯 疾病并未妨礙他實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃。○★ release from 豁免，解除

例 He released me from my torments.○譯 他解除了我的痛苦。○★ make a difference

例 That will make a vast difference.○譯 那將會(huì)有天壤之別。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.This view is based on the propensity of following points.譯文： 這種觀點(diǎn)基于以下幾點(diǎn)傾向。

解讀： 這種句型常常用于第一段末尾，在介紹完題目觀點(diǎn)之后，用這種句型過渡到下一段，表示接下來要分析能夠支持這種論點(diǎn)的幾個(gè)方面。過渡自然而流暢。2.However ,… can’t…The cause of… 譯文： 然而，??并不能??，理由是??

解讀： 在論述完問題的一個(gè)方面之后，用這種句型可以繼續(xù)展開話題。However表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

9、消費(fèi)品價(jià)格便宜的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

Nowadays people live in the society where consumer goods are relatively cheaper to buy.Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, the price of consumer goods continues to fall.This situation is pounding at people’s traditional consumption habit and life styles, using its advantages to gradually affect peoples’ lives.As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.There are several benefits for people to enjoy cheaper consumer goods.Most important of all, reducing the price of consumer goods can stimulate requirement and boost economy, which is especially important under the background of financial crisis.Besides, with the price of consumer goods less expensive, more ordinary people can afford to buy cell phones and computers , which help people do jobs more effectively each day.In addition, as far as the merchants concerned, in order to sell more, they often cut down the profit margin, which contributes to enhance the total amount of annual sales and reduce stocks.However, to this issue, some other people hold a different attitude, arguing that cheap consumer goods also bring harm and even disasters to us.For more businesses are striving for the same customers, the lower price may be the result of unfair competition and will undermine the social

order.At the same time, for the sake of profits, some merchants use inferior materials and turn out substandard products, which will ultimately do harm to the extensive consumers.Admittedly, there are some potential risks on reducing the price of consumer goods, but the law can be executed to supervise and manage dealers strictly.In fact, cheap consumer goods can benefit both the customers and the merchants.【高分詞匯】

★pound vt.猛擊；跳動(dòng)

例 Her heart is pounding so loudly.○譯她的心正怦怦直跳。○★as to 至于，關(guān)于

例I have no doubts as to your ability.○譯關(guān)于你的能力我毫不懷疑。○★stimulate vt.刺激，激勵(lì)

例 The art course stimulated me.○譯藝術(shù)課激發(fā)了我的靈感。○★boost n.促進(jìn)，改善，激勵(lì)

例 This will be a great boost to the economy.○譯這對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展將是一個(gè)巨大的促進(jìn)。○★crisis n.危機(jī)，危急關(guān)頭

例 When a crisis comes they have gone.○譯當(dāng)危機(jī)來臨時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)走了。○★merchant n.商人，批發(fā)商，貿(mào)易商，店主

例 The merchants of Arab are doing their things all around the world.○譯阿拉伯商人在世界各地做生意。○★cut down 減少，降低

例 We were for cutting down the cost of production.○譯我們贊成降低成本。○★competition n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)賽

例 There is keen competition between the two motorcar firms.○譯兩家汽車公司之間存在著激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。○

★ undermine v.暗中破壞；逐漸削弱

例Illness undermined his strength.○譯疾病逐漸削弱了他的力氣。○★for the sake of 為了

例He argues for the sake of arguing.○譯他是為了爭(zhēng)辯而爭(zhēng)辯。○★substandard adj.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下的，不合規(guī)格的

例 The loss was due to the use of substandard bags for which you should be responsible.○譯該損失是由于包裝不合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所致，所以應(yīng)由貴公司負(fù)責(zé)這一損失。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology,… 譯文： 如今，隨著科技的快速發(fā)展，……

解讀：這種句型一般用于第一段第一句，介紹背景，同時(shí)引出話題。2.There are several benefits for people to … 譯文： 對(duì)于人們來說，……有很多好處。

解讀：這種句型一般用于第二段第一句，表示開始分析有利的方面。3.However, to this issue, some other hold a different attitude , arguing that… 譯文： 然而，對(duì)于這個(gè)問題,另一些人有不同的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為……

解讀：這種句型一般用于第三段開頭，表示這段開始分析與前一段觀點(diǎn)不同的另一種觀點(diǎn)。

10、好的產(chǎn)品是否需要廣告

If a product is good or it meets people’s needs, people will buy it.So advertising is unnecessary and no more than an entertainment.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Good products have high prestige and quality, which can gain the love of the customers.It is true that a good product sell itself.So some people assert that advertising is unnecessary and no more than an entertainment.Superficially, the above sounds reasonable.But when carefully weighing in the mind, we find that it goes against the fact.A number of causes account for my point.To begin with, as far as some companies such as Nintendo, Apple, etc, are concerned, it is important for them to spread their most positive and interesting products information to compete against their rivals.These companies are well-known not only for their great customer service and

reliable products, but also their advertisements.Apple is known for its humorous adverts.And Nintendo often has colorful advertising aimed towards the youth.These advertisements make people all over the world more familiar with the companies and more curious about their products.Then, in fact, advertising has proved to be a means of getting the latest product news to spread out quickly and effectively.The companies would probably find that adverts, even if entertaining, can help new products sale tremendously.Admittedly, some companies are so popular with the public that advertisements are no more than reminders to the masses that they are ever-present in daily life.Examples would be the corporations like Coca-Cola and McDonald’s which are so well-known in most countries that their adverts have stopped describing their products but focused more on the images of the companies themselves.For such companies, advertisement is an unnecessary entertainment.However, they may never have reached that status without advertising.For that reason, advertisement is surely not unnecessary.【高分詞匯】

★prestige n.聲望，威望

例 The old universities of Cambridge still have a lot of prestige.○譯歷史悠久的劍橋大學(xué)仍然享有很高的聲望。○★reliable adj.可靠的，可信賴的

例 The news is reliable.○譯這消息靠得住。○★ even if 即使

例 we should practice economy even if we are rich.○譯即使我們富裕了，也仍應(yīng)該厲行節(jié)約。○★reminder n.提醒的人，暗示

例I wrote a reminder in my daily planner.○譯我在我的每日記事簿里寫了個(gè)備忘字條。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Superficially, the above sounds reasonable.But when carefully weighing in the mind, we find that it goes against the fact.A number of causes account for my point.譯文： 從表面上看，以上內(nèi)容聽起來很合理，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮之后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它違背事實(shí)。大量的理由說明了我的觀點(diǎn)。

解讀：雅思寫作考試中，有些題目給出的觀點(diǎn)在邏輯上或表面上看起來很合理，如本文中的觀點(diǎn)。但卻往往與實(shí)際情況不符。遇到這樣的情況，就可以在第一段用這個(gè)句型引出作者對(duì)題目中的觀點(diǎn)的評(píng)判，同時(shí)引起下文。

2.To begin with, as far as … are concerned, it is important for …to do … 譯文： 首先，就……而言，對(duì)于……來說做某事很重要。

解讀：這種句型一般用于第二段第一句，闡述作者持有某種觀點(diǎn)的第一個(gè)原因。

11、企業(yè)遷出大城市的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

The government should encourage industries and companies to move out of big cities and into regional areas.Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, more industries and companies develop in large cities, which causes plenty of problems like pollution, crowdedness and traffic jam.Some people suggest that the large factories and companies should move away from densely-populated areas like some metropolis.However, others oppose to their opinion.I will discuss both sides and give my own evaluation.Opponents raise many reasons to go against the vicinity between cities and large industries.They believe that many of these industries are hazardous and even fatal to human health.The monstrous system may deprive us the vigor and potential to enjoy our life and the products they produce.Proponents come up with quite different views.They firstly point out that not all industries are perilous to human, like some fine chemistry industries and even some tertiary industries, both of which can dwell harmoniously with people and offer them both products and job opportunities.They also believe moving these companies to regional areas is expensive and uneasy to the management, which may deter them from investing in their country.Personally, I side with neither side.This thesis is just too general in the scope and definition of the concept “industries and companies”.As we all well know, not every industry is harmful and noisy to us, but some of them are.Thus, how can we treat these different companies with an identical view? Putting them together and giving any comparison is quite unreasonable at all.Before we take any proposal, we had better think twice and then give our judgment.【高分詞匯】

★metropolis n.首都，大城市

例Beijing is a metropolis in China.○譯北京是中國(guó)的一個(gè)大城市。○★go against 違背，作對(duì)

例Don't go against your father.○譯不要違背你的父親。○★point out 指出；把注意力引向......例 This guide book points out the main facts of early American history.○譯這本導(dǎo)游手冊(cè)講述了美洲早期的重要史實(shí)。○★deter v.阻止；制止

例Don't let failure deter you.○

譯別讓失敗把你嚇倒。○★at all 根本

例 No worry at all.○譯別擔(dān)心。○★think twice 三思，反復(fù)思考

例He told me to think twice before speaking.○譯他叫我三思而后再發(fā)言。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.I will discuss both sides and give my own evaluation.譯文：我將討論雙方的觀點(diǎn)并給出我自己的評(píng)論。

解讀：這種句型常常用于對(duì)稱式寫法的第一段的最后一句，引起下文，表示要分別討論雙方的觀點(diǎn)，并在最后給出自己的結(jié)論。2.Opponents raise many reasons to go against...譯文：反對(duì)者提出了很多理由反對(duì).......解讀：這種句型一般用于對(duì)稱式寫法的第二段的第一句，表示開始討論反對(duì)者。3.Proponents come up with quite different views.譯文：贊成者提出完全不同的觀點(diǎn)。

解讀：這種句型一般用于對(duì)稱式寫法的第三段的第一句，表示開始討論支持者的觀點(diǎn)。

12、個(gè)人為養(yǎng)老存錢

Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

No one is alienated from the rest of the world.Thus, we can see no a single person to be solely living for himself--he must be simultaneously shouldering various duties for multifarious groups of people, such as employers and government, who must at the same time in turn undertake the duty of caring for him as well.I am not here to deny the necessity of saving money for one's aged life, but to state the reasons why the above parties should give their attention to individuals.What hits me at the first thought is that employers should have the liability to their employees, for they sacrificed their youth and shed tears and sweat for them.If employers were free to take the duties of their elderly employees, then they may feel so easy and comfortable to expel any of those “used” workers randomly.No just legislation can possibly tolerate this happen.And employers should have their duty to support the aged workers for their later part of life.Another party that should also attach importance to individuals is the government.People fight for their motherland with all their energy, health and even life.So undoubtedly, the government, like employers, should provide financial aid to citizens as well.As we can happily conclude, this world is not one that goes without justice and warmth between people.We give when we can and we take when we need.Employers as well as governments are due to unshakable responsibilities to give their care to individuals who have paid their efforts for them, which would be the way things ought to be.【高分詞匯】

★alienate v.疏遠(yuǎn)

例 We'd better not alienate ourselves from the colleagues.○譯我們最好還是不要與同事們疏遠(yuǎn)。○★shoulder vt.肩負(fù)，承當(dāng)

例 You must shoulder the future of the country.○譯你們必須肩負(fù)國(guó)家未來的重任。○★in turn 依次，輪流

例His policy was to beat each enemy in turn.○譯他的方針是各個(gè)擊破。○★undertake vt.承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任，許諾，保證

例He could undertake the work for the time being.○譯他暫時(shí)能承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。○★liability n.責(zé)任，義務(wù)

例 What is your liability under the insurance contract? ○譯按照保險(xiǎn)契約貴方應(yīng)負(fù)哪些責(zé)任呢？ ○★randomly adv.隨便地，未加計(jì)劃地

例 Few people are randomly violent.○譯很少有人是隨意發(fā)火的。○★attach importance to 重視

例We must attach great importance to these problems and take effective measures to solve them.○譯我們必須高度重視這些問題，采取有力措施加以解決。○★unshakable adj.不可動(dòng)搖的，堅(jiān)定不移的

例It is our unshakable policy to help them do that.○譯幫助他們發(fā)展是我們堅(jiān)定不移的政策。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1、I am not here to deny the necessity of..., but to state the reasons why...譯文：在這里我并不否認(rèn)......的必要性，我只是想說明......的原因。

解讀：這個(gè)句型用在第一段，表示作者并不反對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)，在本文中，作者表示并不反對(duì)題目中的觀點(diǎn)，但作者在下文主要論述的觀點(diǎn)是but之后的內(nèi)容。

2、What hits me at the first thought is that...for...譯文：我第一點(diǎn)想說的是，??，因?yàn)??

解讀：這種句型一般用于第二段第一句，解釋作者持有某種觀點(diǎn)的第一種原因。

第三節(jié)——工作生活與意識(shí)形態(tài)

13、信息技術(shù)和交通進(jìn)步對(duì)工作和生活的影響

Today, people can work and live in anywhere they want, because of the improvement of communication technology and transport.Do advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, with the rapid development of communication technology and transport, people have more opportunities to choose the places where they work and live in.This phenomenon is often brought into public focus.People from different back grounds hold different attitudes towards it.From my own perspective, there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages.The reasons are chiefly as follows.First and foremost, this development can optimize human and other resources and fuel business growth rapidly.Geographical distance is not hurdle any more to stop people from entering a flow state when they are fully absorbed.That is to say, it enables the working people to choose their ideal jobs, and at the same time, the employers can also recruit and retain right employees easily.Besides, the improvement of communication technology and transport can be a possible solution to many problems, such as traffic jams, air pollution and so on.For example, with the help of computers, the Internet, phones and other high-tech devices, people can work, shop, and study at home and fewer cars are driven on the roads.All in all, I admit the development also brings disadvantages, for example, more people rely on the modern technology and are reluctant to get in touch with others, but in many aspects, its merits obviously outweigh its drawbacks.【高分詞匯】

★communication n.信息，通信

例All communications with the north have been by snowstorm.○譯北部的一切通信均被暴風(fēng)雨所阻。○★optimize vt.使最優(yōu)化

例Design and optimize logistics solution.○譯設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化物流方案。○★fuel n.燃料

例Soot is usually the product of the imperfect combustion of fuel.○譯煤煙通常是燃料不完全燃燒的產(chǎn)物。○★Geographical adj.地理學(xué)的，地理的

例Pollution of geographical environment is a serious problem.○譯地理環(huán)境污染是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。○★distance n.距離，遠(yuǎn)離

例We spotted them at a distance of two hundred yards.○譯我們?cè)谙嗑?00碼處就看到了他們。○★hurdle n.障礙

例In starting a new company, many hurdles must be crossed.○譯剛創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)公司時(shí)，必須克服許多障礙。○★far away 遙遠(yuǎn)，深遠(yuǎn)

例He lives far away from us.○譯他住的地方離我們很遠(yuǎn)。○★moderate adj.中等的，適度的

例He has a room of moderate size.○譯他有一個(gè)大小適中的房間。○★rely on 依賴，依靠

例You can rely on me for help.○譯你可以依靠我來幫忙。○★reluctant adj.不顧的，勉強(qiáng)的

例He gives me a reluctant assistance.○

譯他很不情愿地給了我?guī)椭！稹救f(wàn)能句型】

1、People from different back grounds hold different attitudes towards it.From my own perspective, there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages.The reasons are chiefly as follows.譯文： 來自不同背景的人們對(duì)此都持有各自不同的態(tài)度。在我看來，這種現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)點(diǎn)要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大過其缺點(diǎn)。主要原因如下。

解讀：這種句型常常用在第一段，首先說人們對(duì)這一問題態(tài)度各異，然后說出自己的觀點(diǎn)，并為后面繼續(xù)論述自己的觀點(diǎn)做好鋪墊和過渡。

2.All in all, I admit the development also brings disadvantages, for example,...but in many aspects, its merits obviously outweigh its drawbacks.譯文： 總之，我承認(rèn)，這種發(fā)展也帶來了一些不利因素，例如，······，但在許多方面，他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)明顯大于缺點(diǎn)。

解讀：這種句型常常用在最后一段，以讓步的方式表達(dá)與前面主體部分論述的觀點(diǎn)不同的一面，實(shí)際上是加強(qiáng)了對(duì)前面觀點(diǎn)的論述。這種論述方式主要是為了避免觀點(diǎn)偏頗。

14、體育設(shè)施與公眾健康

Some people believe that to improve public health should increase the number of sports facilities;others believe that it has little effects and need other measures to improve it.Discuss both views and give your opinion.【Model Essay】

The construction of new sports facilities are definitely needed in an environment where people's health is in a declining state.However, there are those who believe that the way to improving people's health should lie in other measures that governments have to come up with to get people to live more healthily.In many countries, the lack of sports facilities has directly led to a sharp decline in the general public's involvement in sports activities, which is the major reason for overweight nowadays.If a wider range of sports and fitness facilities(swimming pools, basketball court and gymnasiums etc.)were available, then people would be more willing to spend time taking exercise, instead of watching television, playing video games or using computers at home.However, the building of such facilities may become a waste of time and money if they are built far away from where people live or if they are too expensive to use.In these cases, the government should spend more advertising healthier lifestyle.In the first place, a well-balanced diet will provide the body with all the nutrients needed, which can help people maintain health, improve immunity and reduce effects of illness.In the second place, enough sleep and less alcoholic are vital to health.These should be widely publicized among citizens.In the third place, the

government should also attach importance to the public mental hygiene problems and make mental therapy be available to all the residents.Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that only enlarging the number of sports facilities is far from enough and a series of measures as I have listed above should also be taken to improve public health.【高分詞匯】

★come up with 提出，拿出

例I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.○譯我希望你們能提出一個(gè)比這個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃。○★spend...on...把??花在??

例He doesn't spend much time on his homework.○譯他花在寫作業(yè)上的時(shí)間不多。○★instead of(用??）代替??，（是??）而不是??

例Will you go to the party instead of me? ○譯你替我赴宴好嗎？ ○★well-balanced adj.很平衡，很均勻的，正常的，意識(shí)安全的

例We encourage and support all facets of a well-balanced work and personal life.○譯我們鼓勵(lì)和支持員工平衡好工作和個(gè)人生活的各方面。○★provide with 給??提供；以??裝備

例Sheep provide us with wool.○譯羊供給我們羊毛。○★improve v.改善，改進(jìn)，提高

例If he can keep from smoking for a month or two, his health will improve.○譯他要是一兩個(gè)月不抽煙的話，健康一定會(huì)有起色的。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.In the first place,...In the second place,...In the third place,...譯文： 首先，??其次，??其三，??

解讀：這種句型常用于論述作者支持或者反對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)的三點(diǎn)理由，或者用于表示列舉。2.Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that …

譯文： 基于以上討論和分析，我們能認(rèn)識(shí)到??

解讀：這一句型常常用于文章結(jié)尾段的第一句，承上啟下，總結(jié)全文，從而得出自己的觀點(diǎn)。

15、提倡健康的生活方式還是治療病人

Some people think it is more important to spend public money promoting healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment for people who are already ill.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

Along with the rapid development of the society, people are attaching much importance to health.Many people think that more public funds should be spent promoting healthy lifestyles rather than on treatment for people who are already ill.After careful consideration, I, personally, stand on the side of the advocates.The reasons are presented below.First and foremost, I believe that the saying “an ounce of prevention equals a pound of cure” is true, because the most effective way to defeat something is by a preemptive strike.The amount of time and money invested in promoting a healthy lifestyle would be far less than the amount spent curing persons who were too careless about their health.In addition, the benefits of encouraging healthy living far outweigh the “benefits” of curing the sick.In fact, there are no true benefits to spending money curing the sick, which is only the result of people neglecting their health.If they took better care of their health, there would be far less illnesses to worry about.Furthermore, living a healthy lifestyle is beneficial to a person’s life and society as a whole.Healthy persons tend to be happier and think more clearly.They are also less likely to become ill, thus, saving money on health care.All in all, of course, I am not suggesting that investments for treating people who are already ill should be neglected, because some ailments are unavoidable, such as hereditary ailments like high blood pressure.However, illnesses brought about by an unhealthy lifestyle, such as Emphysema from smoking, are completely avoidable, and more should be invested in preventing avoidable illnesses.Many countries are beginning to ban smoking in public places, and have reported positive effects on public health as a result.This is just one example of how promoting healthy living which has proven to be effective.【高分詞匯】

★ preemptive adj.搶先的

例I believe this was preemptive.○我認(rèn)為這是先發(fā)制人的。★ neglect vt.忽視，疏忽

例 The government neglected industry.○政府忽視了工業(yè)。

★As a whole 整體來看，普遍說來，一般的說

例 There are some areas of poverty, but the country as a whole is fairly prosperous.○這個(gè)國(guó)家有些地區(qū)比較貧困，但總的來說是相當(dāng)富裕的。★Health care 衛(wèi)生保健

例Community health care is very important.○社區(qū)的衛(wèi)生保健很重要。★ Avoidable adj.可避免的

例In fact, the mistakes are avoidable.○實(shí)際上，錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的。★As a result 結(jié)果，因此

例As a result, he had to leave.○結(jié)果，他只得離開。【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Along with the rapid development of the society, people are attaching much importance to??

譯文：隨著社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展，人們開始越來越重視??

解讀：這種句型常常用于第一段第一句，介紹背景，同時(shí)引出話題。

2.After careful consideration, I, personally, stand on the side of the advocates.The reasons are presented below.譯文：經(jīng)過認(rèn)真考慮，我個(gè)人支持這一觀點(diǎn)。原因如下。

解讀：這種句型常常用語(yǔ)第一段最后一句，表示贊成某種觀點(diǎn)，并引起下文。

16、明天重要還是今天重要

An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.” Some people think individuals and society pay more attention to the future than to the present.Do you agree or disagree? 【Model Essay】

An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.” Some people also think individuals and society should attach more importance to the future than to the present.But another saying goes like this, “Yesterday is history;tomorrow is mystery;only today is a present.” So in my point of view, I would prefer to cherish today and strive for tomorrow.There are many reasons supporting my view.Most important of all, tomorrow is always a day after today and the future is abstract, which we can only imagine it in our mind.But we do know that today passes very quickly.So we must grasp it firmly and devote more efforts to work and study.If it is necessary for us to fulfill something today, let us finish it and do not leave it until tomorrow.Remember that today is more valuable and we must get hold of it rather than imagine what the future is like.Moreover, what we are doing at present decides what the tomorrow would be like.However, some people do not know the value of today, so they waste it in going to films, playing games and doing other useless things.Idleness is the thief of today which can bring us a failure future.Finally, what the actor said really means that tomorrow is hope and the hope is important and precious, which we should never give up.However, only hope cannot achieve anything.So we should grasp the present to work hard and to get near to the hope.In fact, as long as we catch hold of today firmly, tomorrow must be fantastic.【高分詞匯】

★Precious adj.寶貴的，貴重的

例○He has sent me most precious gifts.譯○他送給我極其珍貴的禮物。

★Prefer to 較喜歡；寧愿

例○I prefer country life to town life.譯○我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活而不是城市生活。

★ cherish vt.珍愛，懷抱（希望等）

例○ The old lady tenderly cherished her dog.譯○老婦人十分愛她的狗。

★Strive for 奮斗，爭(zhēng)取

例○ They have strived for peace.譯○他們?yōu)橹\求Precious和平而爭(zhēng)斗。

★ firmly adv.堅(jiān)定地，穩(wěn)固地

例○ We stood firmly against expansionism.譯○我們堅(jiān)決反對(duì)擴(kuò)張主義。

★Devote vt.投入于，現(xiàn)身

例○ We should devote everything we have.譯○我們應(yīng)該奉獻(xiàn)我們的一切。

★ Idleness n.閑散，懶惰。賦閑無(wú)事

例○ Idleness rusts the mind.譯○懶惰腦筋要生銹。

★Give up 放棄；認(rèn)輸

例○I can’t answer that puzzle;I give up.譯○我猜不出這個(gè)謎語(yǔ)，我認(rèn)輸了。

★ fantastic adj.幻想的，奇異的

例 What a fantastic goal!○譯這球進(jìn)的多漂亮！○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.But another saying goes like this，“…”

譯文：但是另外一句諺語(yǔ)是這樣說的：“??”

解讀：這是引用諺語(yǔ)的一種句型，用諺語(yǔ)或古語(yǔ)來引出某種觀點(diǎn)，使觀點(diǎn)更有說服力。2.So in my point of view，I would prefer to? 譯文：因此，依我看來，我寧愿??

解讀：這種句型一般用在第一段，表明作者立場(chǎng)；也可放在最后一段，總結(jié)作者的觀點(diǎn)。3.There are many reasons supporting my view.譯文：有很多理由支持我的觀點(diǎn)。

解讀：這種句型一般用在第一段最后一句，引起下文。

17、保持健康是對(duì)社會(huì)還是對(duì)個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)

People should look after their health as a duty to the society they live in rather than their personal benefits.To what extent do you agree or disagree？

【Model Essay】

The generally accepted definition of health is a state of complete physical，mental，and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.Some people maintain that people should look after their health as a duty to the society they live in rather than their personal benefits.I agree with this position and my arguments for this point are listed as follows.On the one hand，the healthy condition of the national people is the symbol of the nation’s peace and prosperity.We can’t forget the fact, in the end of 19th century, not only the Chinese people were sneered at “oriental illness”, but also the territory was invaded and exploited.And at the contemporary age, a nation’s prosperity very much depends on the contribution made by its citizens who are in good health.Healthy people can devote to working and bring more benefits to the society.They can enhance productivity of the society and create more fortune.As a result, the entire society tends to be more wealthy and harmonious.On the other hand, health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical，nursing, and allied health professions.So we can see that people who neglect their health would impose heavy burdens on the society they live in.As mentioned above, we gradually recognized that health is a matter of everybody in practice but not an individual matter.It is a positive concept emphasizing both social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.【高分詞匯】

★ definition n.定義，釋義

例I made a definition for this word.○譯我給這個(gè)詞下了定義。○★absence n.不在，缺席，缺乏，沒有

例 A major problem is the absence of water.○★look after

照顧，照看（某人或某物）

例They don’t look after themselves very well.○譯他們沒有很好地照顧自己。○★prosperity n.繁榮

例The new agreement raised hopes for conditions of prosperity and harmony.○譯新的協(xié)議喚起了人們對(duì)繁榮和和諧前景的期望。○★harmonious adj.和諧的，協(xié)調(diào)的，和睦的

例The advantages of harmonious relations far outweigh the disadvantages of confrontation.○譯和諧關(guān)系的好處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于沖突的壞處。○★prevention n.預(yù)防，防止

例Prevention is better than cure.○譯預(yù)防遠(yuǎn)勝于治療。○★impose vt.強(qiáng)加，強(qiáng)迫

例Overcrowding impose mental stains.○譯 過度擁擠使精神緊張。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.The generally accepted definition of …is… 譯文：被普遍接受的??的定義是??

解讀：這種句型一般運(yùn)用在第一段，用定義的方法引出話題。被定義的往往是題目中的關(guān)鍵詞。本文就是首先運(yùn)用對(duì)“健康”一詞定義，為下文展開話題作鋪墊。2.On the one hand，? 譯文：一方面，??

解讀：這個(gè)句型一般用于論述作者贊成或反對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)方面的原因，如果是用于第二段開頭，這一句的內(nèi)容就是該段的中心句，后面會(huì)包括幾個(gè)更具體的原因。3.On the other hand，? 譯文：另一方面，??

解讀：這個(gè)句型一般用于論述作者贊成或反對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)的另一個(gè)方面的原因，和on the one hand配對(duì)使用。

第四節(jié)——環(huán)境與動(dòng)物保護(hù)

18、技術(shù)發(fā)展與環(huán)境問題

Development in technology causes problems.Some people believe the solution to these problems is for everyone to live a simpler life, while others say that technology can solve these problems.Discuss both views and give your opinion.As we all know, certain developments in technology lead to environmental problems.The best example I can give for this is the industrial revolution, and manual labor was largely replaced by machines, which were operated by burning coal and fossil fuels.This is thought by many to be a major cause of pollution and other environmental problems since the waste and after–products of burning fuels are usually disposed of into the air and water.How to solve these problems? Before rendering my opinion, I think it is important to analyze the following arguments on two sides.Some people advocate that living a simpler life and less consuming lifestyle is a solution to the matter, and everyone should certainly make an effort to be less wasteful in their daily lives.However, although this method may be the most practical one, it would require an extraordinary amount of effort from everyone which perhaps a little too much to expect.And sadly, some people may not be cooperative with any steps taken to ensure such a lifestyle because they have become too comfortable in their over-consuming way of life.Others point out that technicians are working hard to find ways to keep the earth clear.For example, scientists have studied clean technologies like batteries and wind power for years because of the threat of climate change.At the same time, with the development of technology, energy companies can produce more energy while emit less carbon dioxide.Admittedly, both sides are reasonable.But they are one-sided.In my opinion, the country should build up and carry out scientific development philosophy in an all-around way and set up environment-friendly policies and systems to develop recycling economy and stick to the way of new industrialization.Moreover, we should reinforce international cooperation in terms of environmental protection and sustainable development.【高分詞匯】 ★lead to 導(dǎo)致，引起

例 In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.○譯在一定條件下，壞事可以導(dǎo)致好的結(jié)果。○★industrial revolution 工業(yè)革命

例 That country must have an industrial revolution.○譯那個(gè)國(guó)家必須進(jìn)行工業(yè)革命。○★make an effort 做出努力

例 The prisoner made an effort to escape.○譯囚犯企圖越獄。○★extraordinary adj.非常的，特別的，非凡的，額外的

例 There will be an extraordinary meeting next Wednesday to discuss the emergence resolution.○譯下星期三將會(huì)有一個(gè)額外安排的會(huì)議專門討論緊急決議。○★cooperative with 和??合作

例Patients should be cooperative with the doctor in order to recover from the disease.○譯病人要與醫(yī)生合作，以期早日康復(fù)。○★carbon dioxide n.【化】二氧化碳

例Soft drinks contain carbon dioxide.○譯軟飲料中含有二氧化碳。○★build up 逐步建立，增強(qiáng)，增進(jìn)

例 The pressure on the enemy is building up.○譯對(duì)敵人的壓力在不斷地增強(qiáng)。○★carry out 執(zhí)行，貫徹

例He carried out the plan in very detail.○譯他一絲不茍地執(zhí)行哪項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。○★all-around adj.全面的，綜合性的

例 This is an all-around dictionary.○譯這是一本綜合詞典。○★environment-friendly adj.環(huán)保的，有利于環(huán)境的

例 A new kind of bags, environment–friendly shopping bags were introduced by our ○government

譯一種新型，環(huán)保的購(gòu)物袋被我們的政府引進(jìn)了。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1、Some people advocate that? 譯文：一些人提倡??

解讀： 在分析兩方觀點(diǎn)之前，需先引出觀點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。這種句型就是用來引出題目中一方觀點(diǎn)的常用表達(dá)，放在第二段句首，表示開始分析一方的觀點(diǎn)。

3、Others point out that…

譯文：另一些人指出??

解讀： 這種句型常常用來引出題目中另一方的觀點(diǎn)，放在第三段句首，表示開始分析另一方面的觀點(diǎn)。

19、個(gè)人與環(huán)境保護(hù)

Some think that these environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while others think that individuals can solve these environmental problems if they take some action.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.【Model Essay】

It is true that one person alone does not have the capability to solve all environmental problems, such as pollution, deforestation and depletion of natural resources.However, this does not mean that an individual is completely powerless when it comes to protecting the environment.It is our duty as individual to try our best to deal with these problems.A good example of an individual can make sense is Al G ore, the democratic candidate for the US presidential elections for 2000,and his film An Inconvenient Truth.His film reached enormous popularity and helped gather much attention to the state of the earth and how pollution affects it.It is hard to say how much effect this had on the environment due to people’s changed attitudes, but it certainly helps arose people’s consciousness of protecting environment.Individuals can also join together and make a difference.For example, the Greenpeace Organization has also attached much attention to the cause of a cleaner environment and organized individuals to take an active part in some environmental-friendly actions.Individual’s actions can also be turned into united power when, for example, the whole neighborhood is mobilized to participate in a local campaign to oppose environmentally damaging policies.All in all, the earth is our home and each individual has responsibility to take care of it, not only for ourselves but also for our later generations.So we must work together to protect the environment and there is also a great deal that we can do alone.For example, we can save energy at home, like turning on the air conditioner only when we have to, or turning water heater down a few degrees, which is also ultimately good for the environmental.【高分詞匯】

★try one’s best 竭盡全力，盡力

例 Whatever you do, try your best.○

譯無(wú)論你做什么，都要盡力而為

○★make sense 講得通，有意義

例 This sentence doesn’t make any sense ○譯這個(gè)句子沒有意義。○★arise vt.引發(fā)，激起，喚起

例 During the night a great storm has arisen ○譯夜里來了一場(chǎng)大風(fēng)暴。○★consciousness n.意識(shí)，知覺，自覺，覺悟，個(gè)人思想

例 The experience helped to change her social consciousness ○譯這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)有助于改變她的社會(huì)意識(shí)。○★ turn into（使）變成

例 Joan is turning into quite a skilled musician ○譯瓊正在變成一個(gè)技藝精湛的音樂家。○★ participate in 分擔(dān)，參加

例 The people are demanding a chance to participate more in government ○譯人民要求更多的參與政事的機(jī)會(huì)。○★ work together 共同，攜手

例 Some people think that we should work together to protect the environment ○譯有些人認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該攜手共同保護(hù)環(huán)境。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.When it comes to?? 譯文：當(dāng)談到??

解讀：這種句型常用來引出觀點(diǎn)或問題，可以用在第一段，也可以用在其他段落。本文用在第一段，引出作者的觀點(diǎn)。2.All in that…not only…but also… 譯文：總之，……這不僅僅是…，也是…

解讀：這種句型一般用于最后一段第一句，總結(jié)全文，得出結(jié)論，并進(jìn)一步解釋原因。

20、乘飛機(jī)旅行應(yīng)該更便宜還是更貴。

Many people think cheap air travel should be encouraged because it gives ordinary people freedom to travel further.However, others think this leads to environmental problems, so air travel should be more expensive in order to discourage people from having it.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.【Model Essay】

Whether air travel should be cheaper or more expensive has become a hot topic for discussion recently.Some people contend the price should be lifted to discourage it, which can contribute to environmental protection.Nevertheless, quite a few people stand on a very different ground.Both sides of argument are well supported by sound reasons.People who support that discouraging air travel by more expensive price give some of the following reasons.For one thing, air pollution by a plane could be dozens of times as that of common vehicles.And increasing the price of air travel can prevent many people from unnecessary journeys and reduce the use of planes and fuel.Less use of air flying produces less pollution.For another thing, raising the price of air travel could encourage the use of other cheap, clean and efficient high-tech protects as communication tools, like mobile phones, the Internet and computers, which can substitute for business travel by air.However, the other side of the coin voices its strong opposition, saying that cheap air travel has obvious merits.In the first place, lower price and superb systems of air communications make it possible for modern travelers to visit far away places at a moderate cost within hours.Actually, traveling by air has so far been the best way for people to travel around the world, considering the distance covered, the number of passengers transported and travel time.Admittedly, both opinions make sense, and consequently it is hard to decide which one is more valuable.From my own perspective, international traveling by air has so far been the most economical and efficient way which should not be rudely discouraged by improving the price.And the cost of air travel should sustain at a reasonable level.【高分詞匯】

★lift vt.升高，提高，舉起，空轉(zhuǎn)

例 This window will not lift.○譯這個(gè)窗戶推不上去。○★ substitute for 用??代替，（使）代替

例 Can you substitute for the singer who is ill? ○譯你能替一下那位生病的歌手嗎？ ○★superb adj.挺好的

例 They’ve designed us a superb plan.○譯他們給我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)極好的計(jì)劃。○★so far 迄今為止

例 So far ,so god ○譯到目前為止，一切順利。○

★sustain vt.支撐，撐住，維持，持續(xù)

例 We do not have enough money to sustain our campaign for long.○譯我們沒有足夠的財(cái)力是宣傳活動(dòng)長(zhǎng)期保持下去。○★reasonable adj.合理的，有道理的

例Fresh vegetables are reasonable in winter, too ○譯冬季新鮮蔬菜的價(jià)格也不貴。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Both sides of argument are well supported by sound reasons.譯文： 雙方論據(jù)都有合理的理由

解讀：這個(gè)句型一般用在第一段最后一句，在提出雙方的觀點(diǎn)之后，用這個(gè)句型表示作者對(duì)雙方觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度并引起下文，在對(duì)稱式寫法中經(jīng)常用到這個(gè)句子。

2.Admittedly, both opinions make sense, and consequently it is hard to decide which one is more valuable.From my own perspective… 譯文： 無(wú)可否認(rèn)，雙方觀點(diǎn)都有一定的道理，因此很難確定哪一方更有價(jià)值。在我看來，…

解讀：這種句型一般用于對(duì)稱式寫法的最后一段，與第一段相呼應(yīng)，同時(shí)表明作者的立場(chǎng)。

21、個(gè)人在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的作用

Many people think it is important to protect the environment, but they make no effort on it themselves.Why is it and what your opinion? 【Model Essay】

Environment means the land, water and atmosphere we live by.However, pollution is, in fact, threatening it severely.People are also beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is and they appeal that it is time to protect the environment.They are worrying, but do not make any effort yet.The reasons are chiefly as follows.On the one hand, many people think individual actions are too tiny to be noticed and their behaviors are indifferent to the environment.It will not get better for one`s effort, and will not worsen for one`s ignorance.On the other hand, some people think that environmental problems are too big for individual to deal with.No single person can save the environment.That is why nobody takes any action by himself.How can we protect environment at individual level? Individual actions, small as they may be, can prove more effective than we realize.We can avoid driving cars, and walk, take public transit or bicycle instead.This will reduce the use of fuel and cut pollution.Saving energy at home, like turning on the air conditioner only when we have to, or turning water heater down a few degrees, is also ultimately good for the environment.Individual`s actions can also be turned into united power when, for example, the whole neighborhood is mobilized to participate in a local campaign to oppose environmentally damaging policies.From what has been mentioned above, we can see that environmental protection is pretty complicated, which need each one`s effort and willingness.And it is the duty and responsibility of every individual to protect the environment.But the most pressing and complicated problems go far beyond an individual`s capability and so require the concerted effort of the environment as well as the global community.【高分詞匯】

★threatening adj.脅迫的，危險(xiǎn)的

例 That dog is very threatening.○譯那條狗非常嚇人。○★appeal vi.求助，訴請(qǐng)，要求

例 This job is rather appeals to me.○譯這工作對(duì)我很有吸引力。○★ tiny adj.很少的，微小的

例 The baby put his tiny hand in mine.○譯那個(gè)嬰兒把小手放在我的手中。○★indifferent adj.無(wú)關(guān)緊要的

例 His manner was cold and indifferent.○譯他的態(tài)度既冷漠又無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。○★complicated adj.復(fù)雜的，難解的

例 This is the most complicated case I have ever handled.○譯這是我所處理過的最為復(fù)雜的案子。○★pressing adj.緊迫的，迫切的

例 Pressing business matters prevented him from taking a holiday.○譯他因生意上有緊迫事情而不能去度假。○★concerted adj.商議定的，協(xié)定的

例 He woke his audience to the need for concerted action.○譯他使聽眾意識(shí)到有必要采取一致的行動(dòng)。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.On the one hand, … On the other hand,….譯文： 一方面??，另一方面??

解讀：在論述原因或優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)時(shí)，如果只有兩點(diǎn)，就可用這個(gè)句型。它可以使段落層次清晰。本文第二段就采用了這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)。類似的表達(dá)還有For one thing,…For another thing… 一方面??另一方面?? From what has been mentioned above, we can see that… 譯文： 從上面談到的，我們可以看出??

解讀：這種句型一般用于結(jié)尾段第一句，總結(jié)全文。

22、自然資源損耗

The natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an alarming rate.What problems does it cause? How can we solve these problems? 【Model Essay】

There is nothing unusual about energy like coals and oils being consumed, principally because economic development depends on natural resources all the time.But today, energy depletion is on a massive scale and this problem is so knotty that should deserve our closer heed.Amongst the diverse factors contributing to the energy crises around the world, government`s policies and citizens` extravagant use of automobiles are probably the two most significant ones.Additionally, the amount of private cars increases at such a breakneck speed that the petroleum used amounts to an intimidating proportion of the natural resources.The consequences are undoubtedly disastrous for human beings.Although countries can boast their growth of GDP, their citizens have to endure the ever deteriorated environment with stinking gas belching from factories and vehicles, polluted water due to fuels infiltrating underground, even ultraviolet radiation in the absence of ozone layer.Therefore, their quality of life is by no means improved.Therefore, the governments must take serious steps to attack those problems.The first and foremost is that governments have to reverse their minds and no longer deem the growth of GDP their first goal.Rather, the betterment of citizens` quality of life should deserve more attention than the economic growth.Furthermore, the use of private cars should be discouraged by authorities, who must shoulder the responsibility of improving public transportation in order to facilitate people as well as release the burden of energy consumption.In conclusion, to avoid the phrase “filthy rich” added to themselves, countries must pay more heed to the efficient use of energy and the issue of environmental protection;otherwise, environmental problems and energy crisis are feared to happen all around the world.【高分詞匯】

★natural resources 天然資源

例 We must develop the natural resources of our country.○譯○我們必須開發(fā)我們國(guó)家的天然資源。★all the time 總是；始終

例○ All the time people are seeking to prolong life.譯○人們總是在尋找延長(zhǎng)生命的方法。★heed n.注意，留意

例Take heed not to spill milk on the rug.○譯○當(dāng)心別把牛奶灑在地毯上。★extravagant adj.浪費(fèi)的，過分的 例○Am I being extravagant? 譯我這樣是不是太奢侈？ ○★breakneck adj.要使頸骨折斷似的，非常危險(xiǎn)的 例○June worked at a breakneck pace to execute her plan.譯瓊廢寢忘食地工作以實(shí)施其計(jì)劃。○★boast v.自夸，以有??而自豪

例She made a boast of her son`s talent and daughter`s beauty.○譯○她夸耀她兒子聰明，女兒漂亮。★by no means 絕不

例Theory should by no means be separated from practice.○譯○理論絕對(duì)不應(yīng)該脫離實(shí)際。

★attack vt.攻擊，抨擊，動(dòng)手處理（某事）例○We shall fight them back if they attack.譯他們?nèi)缛暨M(jìn)攻，我們必將反擊。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Therefore, … must take serious steps to attack those problems.譯文： 因此，……必須采取嚴(yán)厲的措施來解決這些問題。

解讀：這個(gè)句型在問題解決型的題目中經(jīng)常用到，這一句話是總述，接下來會(huì)提出解決問題的具體措施。

2.In conclusion,…Otherwise,… 譯文： 總之??否則??

解讀：這種句型一般用于最后一段，用于總結(jié)全文，得出結(jié)論，otherwise 表示從反面進(jìn)一步加以論述。

第五節(jié)——媒體與藝術(shù)

23、報(bào)紙對(duì)人們的影響

Newspapers have become an enormous influence on people’s ideas and opinions.Is it a desirable or undesirable situation.【Model Essay】

Newspapers have been playing an essential role in shaping people’s thoughts on a wide range of issues.In my opinion, this complex phenomenon has both positive and negative aspects which need to be analyzed respectively.To a large extent, this situation is a desirable one with its many positive aspects.First of all, unlike works of fiction, newspapers mostly report actual occurrences.Therefore, when any opinion is expressed, whether intentional or not, they are regarded as fact along with other undisputable stories the paper presents.This is how newspapers influence the opinions of the public.In addition, many major newspapers have smoothly operated branches, seasoned correspondents and highly efficient systems to collect local news with the swiftest actions.Most importantly, their coverage and insightful comments can encourage young readers to form their own opinions on current affairs.On the other hand, people should be fully aware of the downside of the journalistic dominance.For example, newspapers tell stories that could be exaggerated or simply untrue to spur negative feelings towards a certain group.In addition, since we already know that newspapers can shape people’s opinions, it is difficult to judge whether those who believe one thing are actually holding their own opinion, or being influenced by the press.This simply means that whoever controls the press controls the opinions of the people, which results in a low variety of opinions.To sum up, newspapers have become so influential that it would be easy for people to believe that something did not happen if it was not reported.So I suggest that more privately run newspapers should be permitted to be publish, which can provide opportunities for the public to deliver their own opinions freely.【高分詞匯】

★Regard as 把??認(rèn)作 例○ Don’t regard fantasies as truth.譯 不要把幻想看成事實(shí)。○★Seasoned adj.經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的，老練的 例 He is a seasoned traveler.○譯○ 他是一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的旅行者。★Correspondent n.通訊記者，通信者

例 They said foreign correspondents who stayed too long in a place went blind.○譯○ 他們說，駐外記者在一個(gè)地方待得太久就變得不能發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物了。★Coverage n.新聞報(bào)道，報(bào)道量

例○ There’s little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.譯 報(bào)紙上幾乎沒有國(guó)外新聞報(bào)道。○★Insightful adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻講解的

例○ They have a reputation for being intuitive and insightful.譯 他們既有敏銳的洞察力，又有深刻的見解。○★Be aware of n.知道

例 Always stay alert and be aware of your surroundings.○譯○ 隨時(shí)隨地保持警惕并意識(shí)到你四周的環(huán)境。★Comment n.解釋，評(píng)論，意見 例 Comment is needless.○譯○ 解釋是不必要的。

★Dominance n.優(yōu)勢(shì)，支配地位

例○ Their economic dominance has merely been postponed.譯 這些新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體要占據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)主導(dǎo)地位還欠火候。○★Influential adj.有影響的，有勢(shì)力的

例○ He is a very influential man in the government.譯○ 他在政府中是個(gè)很有影響的人物。【萬(wàn)能句型】

1、In my opinion, this complex phenomenon has both positive and negative aspects which need to be analyzed respectively.譯文：在我看來，這種復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象既有積極地方面，也有消極的方面，需要深入分析。解讀：這種句型常常用于第一段末尾，表明作者的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)引起下文。

2、To a large extent, this situation is a desirable one with its many positive aspects.譯文：在很大程度上，這種情況是好的，有許多積極地方面。解讀：這種句型常常用于第二段第一句，表示開始分析積極的方面。

3、On the other hand, people should be fully aware of the downside of?? 譯文：另一方面，人們應(yīng)該充分認(rèn)識(shí)到??這種不利的方面 解讀:這種句型常常用于第三段開頭，表示開始分析消極的方面。

24、音樂的作用

Many people think music plays an important role in society;others, however, believe music is simply a form of entertainment for individuals.What’s your opinion? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, music is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate.As to the function of it, there is a long-running controversial debate.A majority of people contend that music is simply a form of entertainment for individuals, but others believe music plays an important role in society.Personally, I side with the latter opinion.No doubt, music is very relaxing.After a day of hard working, it is fun to listen to some music at home.You can even play a musical instrument for a while.In this way, music relieves the tension caused by the problems of a long day of work.At the same time, music plays an more important role than just entertainment.To begin with, music has the function of motivation.Exciting music can promote the morale of people.For example, when Chinese people fought against the invaders, many pieces of music were composed to encourage the spirits of the nationals.So the final victory should also credit much to the music.Then, music can act as a kind of communicating method.That is to say, people can feel the feelings in the music.Furthermore, music can raise people’s sense of art and their appreciating level, which helps them to pursue healthy hobbies and reduce their bad behaviors.Finally, music can console people from sorrows and make them feel mentally quiet.Whenever people hear music, you see them smiling and tapping their feet along with the beat.From the above analysis, we can reach the conclusion that music has various functions rather than individual entertainment.For the existence of music, the world keeps wonderful and peaceful.And we should not neglect the great importance of music.【高分詞匯】

★Prevalent adj.普遍的，流行的

例 The habit of travelling by airplane is becoming more and more prevalent.○譯○ 乘飛機(jī)旅行的習(xí)慣變得越來越盛行了。

★Side with 與（某人）站在同一邊，和(某人)持有同樣的見解 例○ She always sides with me.譯 她總是站在我這一邊。○★ relieve vt.減輕，緩解

例○ The doctors did their best to relieve the patient.譯○ 醫(yī)生們盡力減輕病人的痛苦。★Morale n.士氣，斗志

例 The morale of the enemy troops is sinking lower every day.○譯○ 敵軍的士氣日益低落。

★Credit to 為??增光的人（事物）

例○ The sportsmen are determined to be a credit to their country.譯運(yùn)動(dòng)員們決心為國(guó)增光。○★Sense of art 藝術(shù)感

例○ Music can raise people’s sense of art.譯○ 音樂能提升人們的藝術(shù)感。★Pursue vt.追趕，追求

例He began to pursue an easy and comfortable life.○譯○ 他開始追求安逸舒適的生活。★Along with 和??一起

例○ Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.譯 和酒一樣，煙草在大多數(shù)國(guó)家都要征稅。○【萬(wàn)能句型】

1、No doubt…… 譯文：無(wú)疑，??

解讀：此句型常用在第二段開頭，是一種讓步的說法，表示承認(rèn)題目中某方的觀點(diǎn)，但這并不是作者主要要論述的觀點(diǎn)。

2、At the same time,??plays a more important role than just?? 譯文：同時(shí)，??有著更重要的作用，而不僅僅是??

解讀：此句型常用在第三段開頭，這是作者支持并且要重點(diǎn)論述的觀點(diǎn)，接下來會(huì)具體說明有哪幾點(diǎn)重要作用。

25、媒體應(yīng)否報(bào)道犯罪細(xì)節(jié)

Some people think media should not report detail of crimes to the public.To what extent do you agree or disagree ? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.【Model Essay】

Recently, the discussion about whether the crime in the newspaper and on TV should be described at length has become a heated one.Some people assert that the media coverage of crime details should be banned while others claim that such reports have their own advantages.Before presenting my view, I seek to analyze the issue from different angles.From some people’s points of view, there are many good reasons for opposing the detailed description about the crimes in the newspaper and on TV.Firstly, the reports of criminal details often contain numerous of erotic, corrupt and provoking episodes, which may carry great risks and bring negative influence to young people.Furthermore, media reports of criminal details are unfair for the victim of crimes.The victims who have suffered greatly from these crimes would feel they were forced to experience a nightmare again.Many others, however, take a quite strong opposite attitude towards this issue.They believe the detailed descriptions about crimes should not be banned.The fundamental reason for this is that such reports keep the public alert to crimes.Should all these reports disappear from the media, it would be very hard for the public to know about the crimes occurring in society.As far as I am concern, I strongly believe that the detailed descriptions about crime in newspaper and on TV should be controlled to some extent.At the same time, we cannot deny the advantages brought by them.Therefore, we should encourage the media to inform the public about the criminal acts, but not in great detail.【高分詞匯】

★At length充分地；詳盡的

例○He went into the subject at full length.譯○他詳細(xì)地研究了這個(gè)問題。★Contain vt.包含，容納，容忍

例○Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.譯○威士忌的酒精含量很高，★Episode 一段情節(jié)，插曲；片段 例○The episode of this film sounds good.譯○這部電影的插曲很好聽。

★Suffer from 患（某種病）；受（某種病痛）折磨；因……而受罰（苦、損）例○Sometimes I still suffer from these weaknesses.譯○有時(shí)我還是在吃這些弱點(diǎn)的苦頭。★Nightmare夢(mèng)魘，噩夢(mèng)

例○I a had nightmare about being drowned in a lake.譯○我做了個(gè)在湖里淹死的噩夢(mèng)。★Disappear消失，不見

例○The snow will soon disappear when the warm weather comes.譯○天氣變暖時(shí)，雪很快就會(huì)融化。★Occur 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)

例○I hope this won’t occur again.譯○我希望不要再發(fā)生這種事情。★To some extent某種程度上

例○National economic growth accelerated to some extent.譯○國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度有所加快。【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.From some people’s points of view, there are many good reasons for apposing … 譯文：從一些人的觀點(diǎn)來看，有許多理由可以用來反對(duì)……

解讀：這種句型常常用于對(duì)稱式寫法第二段的第一句，是這一段的總述，接下來再?gòu)膸讉€(gè)方面分別講述。

2.Many others, however, take a quite strong opposite attitude towards this issue.譯文：然而，許多其他的人對(duì)這個(gè)問題持有完全相反的態(tài)度。

解讀：這種句型常常用于對(duì)稱式寫法第三段的第一句，是這一段的總述，接下來再?gòu)膸讉€(gè)方面分別講述。

26、老年人使用手機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)

With technology speeding up, more and more young people begin to use mobile phones and the Internet, but old people have little chance to be exposed to them.What ways could mobile phones and Internet be useful to old people? How do old people be encouraged to use these new technologies? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.【Model essay】

New technologies such as mobile phones and the internet not only bring a lot of fun to youngsters, but also have an important effect on senior citizens who would like to keep pace with the age.However, after thorough survey, we find that unlike the youth, most old people are afraid to try these new technologies.For one thing, based on pondering on many occasions, the new technologies could be useful to old people in the following ways.Firstly, it is convenient for them to keep in touch with their children who live independently or study overseas by using mobile phones or e-mails.They could communicate with their children on line or by sending instant massages.Besides, if some of old people feel physically uncomfortable or get in danger outdoors and alone , they could immediately make an emergency call or inform their relatives or friends.For another thing, we can see that old people are reluctant to learn new technologies, so some feasible measures should be taken to encourage them to use the high-tech products.First and foremost, they should be specially designed for the old people, i.e., they should be cut down parts of the subsidiary functions and easy to operate.Moreover, the buttons and displayed characters should be extra big so that old people could see them clearly.furthermore, these products should

be cheap enough to be acceptable to the old people.Last but not least, as far as the old people concerned, they are also really supposed to be a bit more confident to make use of the new technologies.Generally, I should say that let the high-tech facilitates both young and old people’s lives, which need the technologists to make just one step forward.【高分詞匯】

★Keep pace with 并駕齊驅(qū)

例○Our theoretic work must keep pace with our revolutionary practice.譯○我們的理論工作必須和革命實(shí)踐相適應(yīng)。★Keep in touch.保持聯(lián)絡(luò) 例○We’ll keep in touch with you.譯○我們將和你保持聯(lián)系。★Independently獨(dú)立地，自立地 例○Can you complete it independently? 譯○你能夠獨(dú)立完成嗎？

★Communicate with 與……聯(lián)系，與……交往 例○I communicate with him regularly by letter.譯○我與他定期通信。★Get in 到達(dá)

例○What time does the rain from London get in? 譯○從倫敦來的火車何時(shí)進(jìn)站？ ★Reluctant 不顧的，勉強(qiáng)的 例○He gave me a reluctant assistance.第六節(jié)——科技

27、農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)展

Some people support the development in agriculture such as factory farming and scientific creation of new type of fruits and vegetables.some people oppose it.Discuss both views and give your opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.【Model Essay】

It is widely acknowledge that the debut of new things always accompanies debating and arguing.Some people support the development of agriculture, such as factory farming and scientific creation of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose it.Undeniablely, there are points in both sides of the argument..Those who favor the new development of agriculture give their reasons as follows.Firstly, traditional agriculture has always been slow and lack of efficiency in mass production of food.So it is necessary to introduce scientific methods to create new fruits, vegetables, ect， which can ensure the citizens have enough meat, corns, fruits and vegetables to consume.Secondly, factory farming can be very profitable since we can get rid of the impact from climatic factors and pest invasion, which can promote economic development.However, the other side of the effects cannot be ignored.First and foremost, this way of agricultural production may do harm to our health.For example, in order to make pigs grow faster, a lot of chemic ingredients are added into the feeding stuff.When we eat the meat of the animals fed up by the feeding stuff, the ingredients come into our innards.Cancers and other diseases may attack us with the accumulation of these harmful chemic ingredients.In addition, this production way can seriously pollute the environment.Tons of chemic fertilizers are spread into the fields, which will ruin the soil.After years of farming, this soil would be so barren that no plants are suitable to grow there.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the former.In modern society, traditional modes of agriculture are too slow and monotonous to fulfil the appetite of global citizens.We should grasp the opportunity to accelerate the development of agriculture.【高分詞匯】

★ debut n.初次登場(chǎng)，開張

例○ Helen made her debut at a party when she was eighteen.譯○海倫十八歲時(shí)在一次聚會(huì)上初次進(jìn)入社交界。★ get rid of 擺脫，除去 例○ we must get rid of this bad style.譯我們必須去掉這種不良作風(fēng)。○★ attack vt.攻擊，抨擊，動(dòng)手處理（某事）例○ We shall fight them back if they attack.譯○他們?nèi)缛暨M(jìn)攻，我們必將反擊。

★ accumulation v.加速，促進(jìn) 例○ The capitalists only care about the accumulation of weath.譯 資本界只顧積累財(cái)富。○★ accelerate v.加速，促進(jìn)

例○ We must seize all opportunities to accelerate development.譯 必須抓住一切機(jī)遇加快發(fā)展。○

【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Undeniable，there are points in both sides of the argument.譯文：不可否認(rèn)，辯論的雙方都有道理。

解讀：這個(gè)句型一般用于對(duì)稱式寫法第一段的最后一句話，表示作者接下來要開始對(duì)兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)分別進(jìn)行分析。

2.Those who favor …give their reasons as follows.譯文：那些支持??的人理由如下。

解讀：這種句型一般用于對(duì)稱式寫法第二段的第一句，表示開始論證正方的觀點(diǎn)。3.However, the other side of the effects cannot be ignored.譯文：然而，另一方面的影響也不能被忽視。

解讀：這種句型一般用于對(duì)稱式寫法第三段的第一句，表示開始論述反方的觀點(diǎn)。

第七節(jié)——犯罪

28、對(duì)犯罪分子的懲罰

Some people think that criminals should be given longer terms in prison, so as to reduce the crime rate.To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.【Model Essay 】

With the incidence of crime hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.And a growing number of people have begun to insist that criminals should be given longer terms in prison, so as to reduce the crime rate.They argue that the law offenders should be punished severely.At first thought, this opinion seems to be sensible and sound.But on second thought, I find it is not often the case.The reasons are given below.The first one is that longer terms in prison may be unfair to the criminals.Punishment should match with the crime, which is a major principle and has been acknowledged by most countries.If criminals are given longer terms than they deserve, this act itself is a kind of crime which deprives the basic human rights of criminals.Besides, some of the criminals are very talented people and may be experts in some fields.So after a certain term of imprisonment, they should be set free and use their talent to serve the society.If they were detained in the prison for longer terms ,they may lose the opportunities of making good use of their skills.The third one is that if criminals were locked up in prisons longer, the government would spend more money providing them food and shelter.This is a huge waste of wealth.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that giving criminals longer terms in prison is not the only way to prevent crimes.At the same time, the government should take some other measures to combat against crimes.For example, the government may reclaim criminals by education and teaching then skills.【高分詞匯】

★ offender n.犯罪；冒犯者

例 Reckon leniently with a first offender.○譯○ 對(duì)初犯者從寬發(fā)落。

★ punish vt.懲罰，處分

例○ The parents punished their disobedient child.譯 父母懲罰了他們不聽話的孩子。○★ severely adv.嚴(yán)重地，嚴(yán)格地

例 His courage was severely tired.○譯○ 他的勇氣收到了嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。

★ sound adj.健全的，可靠的，合理的

例○ You had better establish a sound foundation for your further study.譯 你最好為將來的深造打下牢固的基礎(chǔ)。○★ match with 使??和??相配（稱）

例○ What you have said doesn’t match with the facts.譯○ 你所說的跟事實(shí)不完全相符。

★ principle vt.應(yīng)得；應(yīng)受(賞、罰等)，該獎(jiǎng)[罰] 例 These machines work on the same principle.譯 這些機(jī)器按同樣的原理運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

★ deserve vt.應(yīng)得；應(yīng)受（賞、罰等），該獎(jiǎng)（罰）

例○ If you do wrong, you deserve punishment.譯 你如做錯(cuò)事，應(yīng)當(dāng)受罰。○★ set free 釋放

例○ We pray you to set the prisoner free.譯○ 我們懇求你釋放這個(gè)囚犯。

★ Detain vt.扣留，拘留

例○ The policeman detains him as a suspect.譯○ 警察把他當(dāng)做嫌疑犯而加以拘留。

【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.With the incidence of …h(huán)overing at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.譯文：隨著??的發(fā)生率居高不下，這引起了很多人的困擾和警覺。解讀：這種句型常常用于第一段第一句，介紹背景，引出要討論的話題。

2.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that 譯文：考慮到所有的這些因素，我們可以得出結(jié)論??

解讀：這種句型常常用于結(jié)尾段第一句，承接上文，得出結(jié)論。

29、預(yù)防犯罪的措施

Many people are afraid to leave home because of crime.Some believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crimes, but others feel little can be done.What’s your view? 【Model Essay】

Nowadays, the incidence of crime is growing at a staggering rate, which leads to some people are afraid to leave home.Such a grave situation merits our careful attention.Some suggest that more effective measures should be taken to guard against crimes, while others feel nothing can make sense.From my part, I totally consent to the former point of view.We should take effective measures to solve the problem.The basic way to stop so many crimes is the serious punishment and actions taken by the government.We should put more police force to protect the public security, especially in some high-crime ratio areas.And the police force should be armed with the most advanced equipment for their better performance in their daily work, With the help of the latest technologies, such as the surveillance skill, computer skill and etc, the work of policemen will become efficient and the rate of crime will decrease gradually.And for common people, what they need to do is to keep alert, try best to avoid any possible crimes.At the same time, learn some basic skills to defend crimes.For instance, do not walk along the dark footpath at night when you get back home from work;put your bag to the front instead of at back when walking in the crowded throng.In a word, do not give any chance to the criminals.So in my opinion, it is totally unnecessary for people to stay at home because of the crimes.Many things can be done to prevent crimes, If you have fully preparation, it will become relatively easy for you to treat with the crime.And even you encounter, you can reduce your lost to its minimum.【高分詞匯】

★staggering adj.蹣跚的，搖晃的，令人驚愕的

例○He was half in the bag and staggering slightly.譯○他已半醉，走路有點(diǎn)搖搖晃晃。

★guard against 提防，預(yù)防

例○ We should take measures to guard against accidents.譯○我們應(yīng)該采取措施防止事故發(fā)生。

★arm with 用……武裝起來，裝備有……的

例○ The government was armed with many facts and figures.譯○政府以許多事實(shí)及數(shù)字作為武器。

★surveillance n.監(jiān)視，監(jiān)督

例○ We must keep these people under close surveillance.譯○對(duì)這些人我們要嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視。

★encounter v.遭遇，遇到，相遇 n.遭遇，遭遇戰(zhàn)

例○ It seems probable(that)we might encounter some unexpected troubles.譯○我們很可能會(huì)遭遇到一些意向不到的麻煩。

【萬(wàn)能句型】

1.Nowadays, the incidence of … is growing at a staggering rate, which lead to some people … 譯文：如今，……以驚人的速度增長(zhǎng)，使得一些人…… 解讀：這種句型常常用于第一段第一句，介紹背景，引出話題。2.So in my opinion, it is totally unnecessary for … to … 譯文：因此在我看來，因?yàn)椤瓕?shí)在沒有必要。

解讀：這種句型一般用于結(jié)尾段第一句，總結(jié)全文，提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。

第八節(jié)——文化與旅游

30、特殊日期的意義

Nowadays many charities and other organizations publicize their activities by giving a name to a particular day every year, like National Non-smoking, National Children’s Day, etc.Why do these organizations do this? How effective can these special days be? 【Model Essay】