第一篇:高中英語必修五知識點總結
1.scientist science scientific 2.know about 了解
know of 聽說過
3.find/ find out/ discover/ invent 4.explain sth.to sb 5.be characteristic of sb/ sth 6.pass sth from?
從?處傳來, 傳下
pass by
路過, 經過?
pass down
把?傳下去
pass on
傳遞, 傳授 7.the way of doing sth = the way to do
做某事的方法
8.put forward 提出建議,推薦某人或者自己任職,提名;時鐘往前撥 9.by the way 順便說
by way of ?通過? 的方法
lose one’s way 迷路
no way 沒門,別想
feel one’s way 摸索著走 謹慎從事
on one’s way to? 在去??的路上
in this way=by this means=with this method用這種方法 10.put away 拋棄;舍棄
put down 寫下來;記入名單
put on
穿上;戴上;增加
put off
耽誤;延期
put out
熄滅(燈);撲滅(火)
put up
建立;建造 put up with?
忍受?
11.arrive at / come to / draw /
reach a conclusion 12.win / beat /defeat
win “贏得, 獲勝”, 后接獎品, 獎金, 名譽, 財產 beat “擊敗, 戰勝”, 后接競爭隊伍或者對手, 敵人
defeat “擊敗,戰勝”, 后接競爭隊伍或者對手, 敵人,(此用法同beat), 疾病等。
13.be expert at/in sth 某方面的專家 14.attend 注意;照看,照顧;參加
attendance n.照顧, 出席
attend school
上學
attend a lecture
聽講座
attend a wedding 出席婚禮 15.attend to 處理, 辦理 I have some important things to attend to.照顧, 照料;Are you being attended to ? 先生, 有人接待你嗎?
專心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything.16.expose A to B 使 A 暴露于B
A be exposed to B
A 暴露于B 17.die(v.)
dead(adj.)death(n.)
deadly adj.致命的 18.deadly adv.(1)very 極度;非常;十分
deadly serious 十分認真
(2)like death 死一般地
deadly pale 死一般蒼白
19.every time 每當
每次(連詞 連接句子)注意: immediately, the moment, directly,instantly 等與 every time一樣, 都可以 用作連詞引導時間狀語從句, 意為
“一?..就”。
20.absorb?..into 吸收,理解接受,吞并
be absorbed in ? 被?吸引;專心于;全神貫注于某事 21.suggest doing sth 建議做某事
suggest that 建議 should + V
暗示
該使用什么時態用什么 22.severe 嚴厲的;苛刻的;嚴格的.劇痛的, 劇烈的, 嚴重的, 難熬的be severe with/on sth 對??嚴格。23.be to blame 應該受到責備
blame sb for sth 因??責備某人
blame sth on sb 把 sth 歸咎于某人 24.look into 向里看; 調查,了解 25.suspect sth 懷疑某事
suspect sb of doing sth 懷疑某人做某事
suspect that 從句
26.look on
觀看, 面向, 旁觀, 看待 look out
面朝, 留神, 照料 look over
從上面看, 察看, 檢查 look around
環顧, 觀光, 察看
look through
看穿, 審核, 瀏覽, 溫習look up and down 仔細打量, 到處尋找 look after 尋求, 照顧, 關心 27.at ease 舒適 快活 自由自在
ease off 減輕痛苦,緊張狀態,緩和,放松。28.connect …with與…相聯系,關系(抽象)
connect ??to
與??相連接 29.come to an end 結束,終結,終止 30.handle n.柄, 把手
v.A.操作;運用
B.經銷;買賣
C.管理
D.對待
E.應付
F.控制;管理
31.link A to B 把?與?連接;聯系
be linked to
連接
link n.聯系, 關系
29.announce
announce sth.(to sb.)
announce that + 從句
It is / was announced that + 從句
據宣傳
announcement N
make an announcement 下通知 30.instruct
instruction 31.cure sb of sth 治好了某人的病
cure for sth 治療??的方法
32.have sb do sth= get sb to do sth 讓某人做某事
have sb doing sth = get sb doing sth讓某人一直做某事
have sth done = get sth done 叫別人做某事 33.make money 掙錢
make one’s way to一路前進, 向前
make sure 確保
make friends 交朋友
make the bed 鋪床
make room for 為??騰出空位、空間
make up one’s mind 下決心 決定
make an appointment 約會
make a gossip 閑言碎語
make an apology 道歉
make a contest 競爭
make a choice選擇
34.be strict with sb.in(doing)sth.35.prevent/stop/keep…from doing sth
阻止某人做某事
36.be absorbed in 專心致志
37.be determined to do決定做某事
38.so? that?
如此??以至于
39.die of / from 死于
40.attend to/take care of/ look after 41.cure sb of one’s disease/illness 42.put forward 提出
43.make sense
講得通,有意義
44.be linked to 和??有聯系
45.be exposed to
暴露于
46.look into 調查,向里看 47.in addition to
另外
48.lead(led, led)to
導致,通向
49.take up 開始從事,繼續,占據,接納,吸收
50.be to blame for 因??應當受到責備
51.apart from/except for/besides/other than/but/except 除??之外 52.take in 收留,包括
take on 雇傭,呈現,露出,承擔
take over 接任,接管,接收
take off 脫掉衣物,飛機起飛,成功。
take back 撤銷,同意收回,回憶昔日 53.work on 從事;繼續工作;致力于? 54.be enthusiastic about 對某事充滿熱情 55.With 的復合賓語結構 獨立復合結構(1)With + n./pron.+ 介詞短語
He sat there with a smile on his face.(2)With + n./pron.+ 副詞
With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room.(3)With + n./pron.+ 不定式
With so much work to do, he could not go home.(4)With + n./pron.+ 現在分詞
The street was quiet with no buses running.(5)With + n./pron.+ 過去分詞
In came a man with his hands tied back.(6)With + n./pron.+ 形容詞
He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest.56.be cautious about/of sb對??小心謹慎的 57.base sth on 把??建立在??
be based on 基于
58.can never??too 再??也不為過 59.would have done
should have done
needn’t have done
ought to have done 60.only + 介詞短語/副詞/狀語從句 放在句首,要使用部分倒裝倒
only then did he realize that he made mistakes.only at home can I have a good sleep.1 know about 了解
be known as 作??而出名
be known for 因??而著名
as far as one knows據某人所知 2 divide ??into 把??分成 separate….from consist of 由??組成 不用被動,進行
= be made up of
consist in 存在于
4.take the place of = replace 代替
前不倒后
=take sb’s place 代替某人 take place 發生, 舉行
in place of =instead of 代替
5.arrange v.(for連用)安排, 籌備, 布置
arrangement n.籌備, 安排
arrange to do sth.安排做某事, 預定
arrange for
安排, 準備
arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人去做某事 6.fold v.& n.折疊, 彎曲, 合起來
folder
紙夾
foldaway a.可折疊的
unfold
打開(反義詞)
fold back
折疊起來;折回去
fold up
失敗;倒閉
7.clarify one’s stand/ position 闡明某人的立場 clarify matters 澄清真相
8.puzzle over 苦思
be in a puzzle about 對??不解
人 puzzled
物 puzzling 9.be in/ come into conflict with 與?沖突/ 矛盾 10.be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事 11.break away from 擺脫,脫離?
break down 壞(拋錨, 出故障, 身體跨了)
break into
闖入,break out
(war/fire/disease)爆發
break off
中斷
break the rules
違反規則
break the records
打破記錄 12.to one’s credit 值得贊揚
13.for one’s convenience = for the convenience of sb 為了方便某人
at one’s convenience
在某人方便的時候
It is convenient to sb.在sb方便的時候
It is convenient for sb.to do sth sb方便做sth 14.attract sb.吸引某人
attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 15.work together
合作
work out
算出
work on 從事,繼續工作;致力于 16.look around 參觀,四處看
17.It is worthwhile to do sth.值得做某事
It is worthwhile doing sth
be worthy to be done
be worthy of being done
be worth n/pron /doing eg.The book is worth reading.The book is worthy to be read/ of being read.It is worthwhile to read the book.18.leave out 遺漏, 漏掉
leave A for B 離開A去B
leave alone 不管;撇下?一個人
leave aside 擱置
leave behind 遺忘, 遺留
leave+賓語+賓補(adj/v-ing/v-ed)使..19.sb.be familiar with sth
sth be familar to sb
熟悉某物 20.whisper to sb 悄悄說 21.pick up 撿
22.make a list of 列?清單 23.delight
n.to one’s delight 使某人高興的是? vt.delight sb
adj delighted be ~ ed at sth, be delighted to do sth
物
delighting
1.impression n(c)give sb.a good impression 給某人以好印象
make/have/leave an impression on sb.給某人留下印象
impress vt.使…印象深刻 主語impress sb with sth
主語impress sth on sb
給某人留下印象
sb be impressed by sth sth impress sb impressive adj.印象深刻的
The girl impressed her friends with her beauty.2.He took up his book and hurried out.拿起 He took up challenge with courage 接受
He decided to take up photograph as his career 開始從事 I’m going to take this matter up with my lawyer.著手處理 It takes up too much room.占據(時間或空間)take off 脫下;起飛
take in
接納, 吸收;領會, 理解;欺騙 take on 呈現出;雇傭 take over 接管
take it easy!
別著急 take your time
慢慢來 take advantage of 利用 3.previous to 在?之前
4.be surrounded by/ with 被?包圍
5.tolerate/ bear/ stand/ put up with 忍受 vt.tolerance n.tolerant adj 6.lack v.be lacking in/ lack sth.n.(be)lack of sth.for lack of sth 缺乏 He lacks courage = He is lacking in courage
The plants died for lack of water 7.adjustment n – adjust v.調整
adjust to 8.press v ~ sb to do sth 強迫某人做某事
~ one’s way to?
擠 n.the press 新聞界
9.lose sight of/ out of sight ? 看不見
catch sight of / in sight ?
看見
at the sight of 一看
(連詞作用)10.sweep up 掃除, 打掃
11.switch off=turn off
關掉(電燈或電器)
switch on=turn on
打開
switch from A to B? 由A轉變為B 12.slide into 溜進(悄聲地)13.Speed up 加速
at a speed of ?
以?速度
14.the instant
一? 就?(conj作用)
for an instant 一瞬間
15.be overcome by(anger,grief)被(感情)壓倒
16.remind sb of sth
使某人想起某事
Vt.remind sb to do sth
提醒
remind sb that?
使想起 17.as a result + 結果(句子)
as a result of + 原因(n/ 短語)
由于?
result in 導致
result from 由?引起
His carelessness resulted in failure.As a result of the rain, we can’t go out.18.suffer from 遭受?患(病)19.be similar to 與…相似
20.Keep sb.from doing sth.阻止
stop/ prevent sb.(from)doing sth protect sb.from sth/ doing sth.保護某人免受?傷害 21.be well-known for/ as
因?而聞名/ 作為?而聞名 22.sth be difficult to do
(hard,easy, important, necessary)23.follow sb to do sth 跟著某人做某事 24.in no time 立刻
at one time 曾經
in time 及時
at times 有時 on time 按時
at a time一次
at all times 一直
from time to time 不時的
25.in all directions= in every direction 四面八方
in the direction of ? 在?方向
under the direction of sb
在某人的指導下 26.show sb in/ into 領某人進入
show sb.out / around領某人出去/ 四處看看 show sb.sth.= show sth to sb 向某人展示 show off 炫耀
show up 出現 show sb.the way 指路
show sb what/ how / where to do 教sb … show that從句
27.provide sb with sth= provide sth for…提供 29.fall fast sleep 熟睡
consider sb to have done認為某人做了某事 31.in space 在空間中
32.up-to-date 最新的,日益更新的,33.dispose of sth / sth be disposed of 處理 34.turn into 轉化成 35.stare at 盯著
36.happen to + n.發生
happen to do sth.碰巧做(無進行時)
it happens/ happened that
碰巧
37.program sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 38.perform tasks/ work 履行職責/ 任務 1.involve?.in / be involved in 牽涉 2.photograph / photo(s)take ~s of sb 給某人照相
3.submit sth.to sb.向某人遞交(文件)
submit(that)主張
submit to sb/ sth 屈服于
4.be eager(for sb.)to do sth
渴望做某事
be eager for / about sth.be eager that
be anxious for /about sth.擔心, 憂慮
be anxious to do sth
渴望做某事
5.concentrate(one’s attention, mind, efforts, thoughts)on(doing)sth.全神貫注, 致力于??
6.inform sb of/ about sth 通知某人某事
inform sb(that)7.in the meanwhile/ meantime 與此同時, 在此期間 8.depend on 依靠,依賴;取決于
It all depends 視情況而定 9.in that case 如果那 in any case 不管怎樣
in no case 絕不, 放句首倒裝
in case(of)以防萬一
as is often the case with?對?是常有的事
Take your umbrella in case it rains.10.accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事
charge sb.with sth.指控
blame sb.for sth.責備
ask/ cure/ rob / warn /remind sb.of sth.11.so as(not)to = in order(not)to 為了(不)做 11.deny doing sth.拒接做某事
12.be skeptical about/ of sth.懷疑某事 13.be in a dilemma 處于進退兩難的境地 14.be gifted in sth/ doing sth
have a gift for sth
在某方面有天賦 15.approve of sb/ sth.贊成,認可
approve sth.批準
16.process a film / photos 沖洗膠卷/照片
in(the)process of? 在?過程中 17.make an appointment with sb.與某人約會
18.occupy vt 占有;從事,忙于
occupy oneself in(doing)sth 忙于做某事occupation by ~/ profession 工作是
19.suppose vt 假設(虛擬語氣);認為;料想,推斷
suppose you were a journalist.be supposed to do sth.本應該做某事
be not supposed to do 表示不允許 20.sb.be offered a job 提供給某人工作
offer sb.sth 21.assist(sb.)in doing sth.assist sb in/ with sth.幫助, 協助(help)22.表示將來的五種句型
1.will/ shall do
2.be going to do 3.be doing
4.be to do 5.be about to do 23.go out on a story 出去做新聞 24.cover vt.(1)鋪, 覆蓋;包括, 涉及
He covered the table with a piece of cloth.His research covered a wide field.(2)占有(時間,面積)The city covers ten square miles.(3)走完, 走過
They covered 20 miles a day.(4)看完(多少頁書)I have covered 200 pages now.n.占有;工作;
(5)支付(開支)
The firm barely covers its costs 25.take sth.with sb.隨身帶著某物
26.find+ n.+ adj.+ to do sth.發現做某事很?.you will find your colleagues very eager to assist you.27.have a nose for sth.對?很敏感 探查發現某事物的能力 28.keep sth.in mind = remember 29.meet /miss a deadline
如期 / 超過期限
30.take notes 做筆記
31.a trick of the trade 行業訣竅
32.case, situation, position, condition, stage, point 等抽象地點n.做先行詞時,其后的定語從句用where引導, 相當于in which 33.get the wrong end of the stick 得出錯誤結論 34.This is how the story goes.這就是事情的發展 35.tell the truth / tell a lie 說實話/ 說謊
36.look forward to sth./ doing sth.期盼做某事 37.set to work = settle down to work 開始工作 settle down to sth/ doing sth.著手做某事 set about doing
set out to do sth
開始做某事 38.pass sth(on)to sb 把?傳給某人
pass sth down to sb 把?傳給下一代 39.above all 最重要after all 畢竟, 終究
first of all 首先 last of all 最后in all 總計;40.concentrate on(doing)sth專心做某事
concentrate one’s attention on 把注意力集中于??上
41.update a law 修訂法律
update sb on sth 向某人提供最新的信息
42.so as(not)to= in order(not)to(不)為了做?? 43.be guilty of ? 犯??最
be guilty for/about sth 對sth感到內疚 44.be in a dilemma 陷入進退兩難的困境
put sb into a dilemma 使某人處于進退兩難的境地 1.aid(用法同help)
do/ give/ offer(some)first aid 進行急救 2.fall ill/ sleep/ awake/ silent fall+ adj.3.do an injury to sb.= do sb.an injury
傷害某人
an injury to + 身體部位(arm/leg?)
(胳膊/ 手/ 腿)?的傷
get injured/ wounded/ infected 受傷/感染
get+adj.4.bleed to death 流血致死
bleed-bled-bled 5.be essential for/ to sb.對某人是必要的
It is essential for sb.to do sth.做某事是必要的
It is essential that?
(should)+v原形
虛擬語氣
essentials 必需品 6.squeeze out 擠出
7.over and over again 反復
8.in place 適當,合適的位置
out of place 不合適 take place 發生
take ons’s place=take the place of sb.=in place of 取代 9.stand on/ without ceremony 拘泥于禮節/ 不拘小節 10.A number of students are sleeping.The number of sleeping students is 60.11.put one’s hands on = find
12.apply sth to sth.把某物涂/ 應用到?上
apply to sb.for sth.向某人申請某物
apply to sth 適用于
apply pressure to?
用力摁,壓
13.make a/some/no difference 有一些/沒有什么區別 14.save 拯救(life);節約(money)
save up 儲蓄
save(on)sth 節約 15.If possible/ necessary如果可能/ 必要的話 16.act as 作為
17.be / get/ stand close to 靠近
18.a variety of = varieties of 各種各樣的 19.affect sth.影響
v
be affected by effcct n.have an effect on sth.對?有影響 20.It takes sb.sometime to do sth.花費?
sb.spend sometime on sth./(in)doing sth.sth.cost sb.sometime / money sb.pay money for sth.21.jewellery n.珠寶的總稱(不可數)
jewel n.珠寶, 首飾(可數)22.stick-stuck-stuck 粘;刺
stick to 粘住;堅持
stick A on B 貼上 stick in 刺入,扎入
be stuck / trapped/ caught in 陷入?中
23.a basin of water 一盆水
24.knock down 撞到
~ over 撞翻
25.honor v.給予表揚(或獎勵、頭銜、稱號)/ n.榮譽,尊敬
honor sb.(with sth)/(for sth)be honored for? 因?而受到尊敬 be honored with sth.給?以示榮譽
be/feel honored to do / that
很榮幸能做?
show honour to ?
向?表示敬意 in honor of 紀念(表示敬意)
26.present
n.現在,目前; 禮物
at present = at the present time
adj.現在的; 出席的,到場的
the ~ situation 當前形勢
be ~ at 出席 vt.贈送; 呈交; 介紹; 陳述
present sb.with sth.= ~ sth.to sb.交
present sb.to sb.介紹
27.躺
lay-lainlied-lying;
lay安放;下蛋 laid-laid-laying;27.be proud of = take proud in 以?為自豪 28.There is no need/ doubt that….29.強調句一 It is(was)+被強調的部分+that/ who+其它”
強調人用who,人/物用that。1)特征:把“It?be?that?”去掉,剩的還是一個完整的句子
It was evening when we reached the little town It was in the evening that we reached the little town 2)特殊疑問句結構:特殊疑問詞+is/was +it that...? What is it that you want me to say? 3)It is/was not until...that...對“not...until...”結構的強調,直到?才?
It was not until midnight that he went back home.不用倒裝 二 易混句型
1:It be+段時間+ since…“自從??以來”? 2;It be+點時間+ when...”當??的時候,是??”
3;It be+段時間+ before...“多久之后才??”、“不久??
第二篇:高中英語必修五總結
高中英語必修五單詞及語言點總結
單詞總結
Unit 5First aid
一.單詞拼寫(須用本單元的單詞和詞匯)
1.The lung is an o________________and so is the heart.2.He tried to kill himself by taking p_________________.3.He has gone to the hospital for special t__________________.4.I was only m_______________interested in the story I read in the newspaper.5.Her ankle s_____________after the fall.6.Her foot was very s_________________after the accident.7.I can't s______________________toothpaste out of the tube.8.What is the typical s______________________of SARS?
9.Would you like me to_________________your shirt for you?
10.She is suffring from a lung i___________________.11.He(頒發)a silver cup to the winner.12.Did you attend your uncle's wedding_____________________(儀式)
13.He is a_____________________(勇敢的)soldier.14.The _______________(壓力)of the water can turn this wheel.15.We have to write an_________________(文章)about the film we saw yesterday.16.You should have your own ____________________(毛巾).17.Have you worked out your ____________________(方案)?
18.I saw an___________________(救護車)passing by.19.I'm_____________________(自豪)of my son.20._______________________(祝賀)to you on your success!
21.An a________________ is a vehicle for taking people to and from hospital.22.R_______________is energy, often in waves of heat or light that comes from a particular source.23.A b_______________ is a long strip of cloth which is covered around a wounded part of someone's body to protect or support it.24.If there is p________________on someone to do something, someone is trying to persuade them to do it.25.An o______________is a part of your body that has particular purpose or function, for example your heart.26.Fever is a_________________(征兆)of many illnesses.27.The bell rang, the naughty boy ______________(擠)his book into his bag and went out of the classroom.28.The streets in the centre of the city were___________(塞)up with traffic because of an accident.29.The storm did a lot of ______________(毀壞)to the building and crops in Hunan province.30.A bee has stung my hand and it is __________________(膨脹)up.二.短語翻譯
1.阻止(某人)做……___________________________
2.觸感________________________________
3.擠出;榨出____________________________
4。在適當的位置______________________________
5.反復,多次____________________________
6.開展,執行___________________________________
7.找到___________________________________
8.許多,大量______________________________
9.自豪_________________________________
10.砍掉,砍伐____________________________
三。完成句子
1.He suddenly__________________________________(昨晚他突然病了).2.Sunglasses can________________________________ the sun' s rays(保護我們的眼睛免受......).3.You may ________________________(燙傷)by hot liquids.4.These burns are not serious and they should____________-____________
__________________________(一天之內就會好許多)。
5.First degree burns _____________________when they are pressed(變成白色).參考答案 Unit 5.一。1.organ2.poison3.treatment4.mildly5.swelled6.swollen
7.squeeze8.symptom9.iron10.infection11.presented12.ceremory
13.brave14.pressure15.essay16.towel17.scheme18.ambulance
19.proud20.Congratulations21.ambulance22.Radiation23.bandage
24.pressure25.organ26.symptom27.squeezed28.choked29.damage 30.swelling
二。1.prevent sb from doing sth2.sense of touch3.squeeze out4.in place
5.over and over again6.carry out7.put one’s hands on8.a number of
9.be proud of10.cut off
三。1.fell ill last night2.protect our eyes from3.get burnt
4.feel better within a day or two5.turn white
Unit 1 Great Scientists
Word usage
1.attend v1)to take care;give attention
2)to be present at
3)to take care of;take part in;pay attention to sth;look after
He did not attend the meeting yesterday.The school was attended almost entirely by local children There was no one to attend him but Tina.She didn't attend to what I was saying.2.expose v1)to make visible to
2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of
They consider it almost a crime to expose children to violence and sex on TV.Their scheme was exposed.Don't expose the film to light.Cleaning exposed the grain of wood.3.curev.1)bring a person back to health
n2)curing and being cured
Antibiotics help to cure many diseases that were formerly fatal.Penicillin cured him of pneumonia.You cured me completely.There's no known cure for a cold.She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit
4.absorb v :1)to occupy the full attention, or time
2)take and suck in, take in heat and light etc.Cotton gloves absorb sweat.So many good ideas!It's too much for me to absorb all at once.The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.Small businesses are absorbed by big ones.She won't be able to absorb another heavy blow.5.contribute v 1)join with others in giving help, money etc.2)have a share in He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund.He didn't contribute one idea to the document He contributed generously to the Red Cross.He never contributes to the discussion The scientist often contributes to an academic journal
6.controlv.to exercise authoritative or dominating influence over;direct
n.to hold in restraint;check
She is skillful enough to control the machine now.The British government at that time controlled the island
You must learn to control your temper.They have no control over him.The helicopter landed with Joe at the controls.7.determine v.to reach a decision;resolve
She determined to go that very afternoon
My mom's encouragement determined me to go on with my study
He was determined to win the game The court determined that the man was guilty of drunken driving.They have determined where the new school will be built.8.devote v.to give or apply entirely to particular activity, cause or a person He devoted himself to writing.He was still devoted to the study of chemistry He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.9.confuse v.1)to cause to be unable to think clarity or act with intelligence
2)to assemble without order or sense;jumble
They confused me by their conflicting advice
You confused Australia with Austria.His granddaughter confused the papers on his desk.10.enthusiastic adj.Having or demonstrating enthusiasm David is very enthusiastic about the plan.They are enthusiastic admirers of that movie star.My parents are enthusiastic skiers.11.valuable adj.1)worth of a lot of money
2)having great usefulness or value
He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthday present This experience is valuable to me.12.especially adv.1)to extend or degree deserving of special emphasis
2)particularly, in particular I liked all the children, Tom especially.We need to be especially careful.The book is compiled especially for beginners.13.concludev.1)to bring to an end;close
2)to arrive at but the process of reason We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock.What can you conclude from these observations? He concluded that he would wait a little longer.The meeting concluded after two hours.14.replace v.1)to put back into a former position or place
2)to take or fill the place of She replaced the receiver.The brakes have to be replaced.Electric lights have replaced candles.I will replace the cup I broke.15.puzzle n.1)something that baffles or confuses
2)something, such as a toy or game, that tests one’s ingenuity
v.3)to baffle or confuse mentally
What puzzles me is why they didn't show up.He looked a little puzzled.His recent behavior puzzles me.Her decision was a puzzle to him.16.admire v.to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval We admire her for her diplomatic tact.He admires your poems very much.He admired her new hat.17.appear vi.1)to become visible
2)to seem or look to be
3)to come before the public Gradually a smile appeared on her face.It appears they are right.He appeared to be talking to himself.The famous singer is appearing this fall at the Music Festival.Useful expressions
1.put forwardto offer(an idea, suggestion etc.)for consideration
He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.You ought to put your watch forward ten minutes.2.believe in1)to accept as true or real
2)to have a firm religious faith
3)to have faith or trust in Christians believe in Jesus.We believe in him.Jim believes in fresh air and morning exercises.3.in addition adv.As well as
They eat a great deal of fruit in addition.In addition, the course also produces practical experience.4.deal with: do with, concern sth He has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations.This book deals with an important issue.I don’t know what they do with the problem=I don’t know how they deal with the problem
5.make sense 1)to make sth understand or reasonable
2)to have a clear meaning
3)to be a wise course of action This sentence doesn't make sense.Your story doesn’t make sense to me
Here, read the sentence.It doesn’t seem to make sense.6.base on:to use particular information or facts as a point from which to
develop an idea, plan, etc.This play is based on a true story.We should base our theory on facts.7.apart from: without considering;except for He lives apart from his family.Apart from a few faults, he is a trustworthy teacher.Apart from the the cost, the dress doesn’t suit me.8.look into : to investigate We will look into this matter together.9.join in 1)to participate with in an act or activity
2)to become a part or member of
3)to put sth together
Will you join me in a walk?
He jion the army.Where does the path join the road?
Tie a knot to join those two piece of rope.10.go over 1)go examine
2)to look at or examine for a purpose
3)to repeat
We went over the building.We must go over the account s carefully before we settle down.GO over the lesson again
第三篇:英語必修五知識點總結
英語必修五知識點總結
1、have sth.in common與……有共同點in common with sb.= as with sb.和某人一樣common sense常識common practice慣例common disease常見病
adj.common常見的rare罕見的ordinary平凡的special特殊的2、make a difference有很大不同;有重大的影響
3、It’s obvious to us that……顯而易見
4、remark on/upon sth.= make remarks on sth.對…做評論
5、all in all總之in all = in total總計all of a sudden突然all that = what6、What fun to do sth.!= It is fun to do sth.= Have fun in doing sth.做某事有趣
make fun of sb.取笑某人
7、have difficulty/trouble/problems in doing sth.做某事有困難
8、declare war on sb.向某人宣戰
9、critisize sb.for sth.批評scold責罵punish懲罰blame sb.for sth.因……責備
10、on the air正在廣播in the air在空中off the air停播
in the open air在戶外
11、graduate from從……畢業n.graduation12、do sb.a favor = do a favor for sb.幫忙;得了吧
13、make a fuss of sb.過分呵護某人
14、wear off消失be worn out精疲力竭wear穿;損耗
15、be particular about對……挑剔
16、apply for a job to sb.向某人申請一份工作apply to do sth.申請做某事
apply sth.to sth.應用
17、be related to sth.被連接relate to sb.結合;理解relations = relatives親戚
18、be likely to do很可能做某事
19、the demand for sth.……的需求be in need for = be in demand of有對……的需求demanding苛刻
20、cater for迎合appeal to迎合;喜歡;吸引
21、board on ship = go aboard = go on board the ship坐船go abroad出國
22、be curious about好奇n.curiosityout of curiosity出于好奇
23、get into a panic陷入恐慌
24、have had enough of sb.忍受夠了某人
25、a threat to sb.對某人來說是威脅threat to do sth.威脅,恐嚇做某事
26、at the beginning of在……的開始to start with首先;開始
27、originate…from/in…起源于
28、as follows如下所述
29、pretend to do sth.假裝做某事
30、prepare for為……作準備prepare the lesson準備功課in preparation for為了準備make preparations for sb.做準備be well prepared for = be ready for準備好
31、on end豎著的;連續不斷的32、compete with/against sb.與某人競爭n.competitioncompetitor競爭者adj.competitive33、be tough with/on sb.對某人態度強硬
34、be based on建立在……的基礎上adj.basicn.basison the bisis of由于
35、at one time曾經一度
36、in one’s nature = by nature = in one’s blood天生的in nature = in fact本質上
第四篇:必修五文言文知識點總結
必修五文言文知識點復習總結
《鴻門宴》知識點
一、通假字
1、距關,毋內諸侯:距——拒,抵御,抵抗; 內——納,接納;
2、張良出,要項伯:要——邀,邀請;
3、臣之不敢倍德:倍——背,背叛;
4、不可不蚤自來謝項王:蚤——早;
5、令將軍與臣有郤:郤——隙,隔閡,嫌隙;
6、沛公之參乘樊噲者也:參乘——驂乘:坐在車右擔任侍衛的人;
二、詞類活用
1、沛公欲王關中:王:名詞作動詞,稱王;
2、范增數目:目:名詞作動詞,使眼色;
3、道芷陽間行:道:名詞作動詞,取道;
4、夜馳之沛公軍;復夜去:夜:時間名詞作狀語,連夜;
5、吾得兄事之:兄:名詞作狀語,向對待兄長一樣;
6、常以身翼蔽:翼:名詞作狀語,像翅膀一樣;
7、頭發上指:上:時間名詞作狀語,向上;
8、日夜望將軍至:日夜:時間名詞作狀語,日日夜夜;
9、臣活之:活:使動用法,使??活;
10、沛公旦日從百余騎:從:使動用法,使??從;
11、素善留侯張良:善:形容詞作動詞,與??交好、友好;
12、秋毫不敢有所近:近:形容詞作動詞,沾染、接觸; 三、一詞多義
(一)虛詞“為”
1、用作動詞 音wéi
表動作:做、作為、充當、變成、成為使子嬰為相表觀點:認為竊為大王不取也
表判斷;是人方為刀俎,我為魚肉
2、用作介詞
表被動;為所/為??所 音wéi若屬皆且為所虜表原因、涉及對象,“給、替;為了;因為”音wèi誰為大王為此計者/慎毋為婦死/天行有常,不為堯存
3、用作助詞
句末語氣,表疑問或反問 音wéi何辭為?
(二)虛詞“因”
1、動詞:沿襲、繼續蒙故業,因遺策
2、名詞:原因、緣由于今無會因(到現在沒有相會的機緣了)
3、連詞:表順承,于是,就項王即日因留沛公與飲
表原因,因為,由于鼠,子神也,因愛鼠,不蓄貓犬(鼠,是子神啊,因為喜歡老鼠,所以不蓄養貓狗)
4、介詞:
憑借、條件因利趁便,宰割天下,分裂山河趁著、趁機因計沛公于坐/因招沛公出/因言曰因為、由于恩所加則思無因喜以謬賞
(三)虛詞“而”
1、表目的:來,用來籍吏民,封府庫,而待將軍
2、表轉折:但,卻今人有大功而擊之
3、表修飾:(地,著)臣與將軍戮力而攻秦/項王按劍而跽曰
4、表遞進:并且君子博學而日參省乎己/有怠而欲出者
5、表并列:而且,或不譯勞苦而功高如此/夫夷以近,險以遠
6、表順承:然后,接下來撥劍切而啖之
7、表因果:因而積善成德,而神明自得
(四)實詞
1、舉
舉所佩玉玦以示之者三:動詞,舉起、抬起;后刺史臣榮舉臣秀才:動詞,舉薦,推薦 范進中舉:名詞,科舉考試制度 戍卒叫,函谷舉:動詞,攻克,占領 今亡亦死,舉大計亦死:動詞,發動 殺人如不能舉:副詞,全、盡
2、謝
沛公旦日從百余騎來見項王,謝曰動詞,謝罪、道歉 噲拜謝,起,立而飲之動詞,感謝 乃令張良留謝動詞,辭別 張良入謝,曰“沛公不勝杯杓”動詞,道歉 往昔初陽歲,謝家事夫婿動詞,辭別 阿母謝媒人動詞,推辭 多謝后世人,戒之慎勿忘動詞,勸誡
四、重點句式
(一)賓語前置
1、疑問句中,疑問代詞作賓語,則賓語前置 1)籍何以至此; 2)沛公安在? 3)大王來何操?
4)客何為者?(常見疑問代詞:誰、何、安、奚、孰、胡)
2、否定句中,代詞作賓語,則賓語前置
1)然而不王者,未之有也。(之作為動詞有的賓語,在否定句中前置)
2)古之人不余欺也。(以前的人沒有欺騙我啊;代詞余作為動詞欺的賓語,在否定句中前置)
3、“是”、“之”“以”作為賓語前置的標志,以強調突出賓語
1)何陋之有?/姜氏何厭之有?(之作為賓語前置的標志)2)無乃爾是過與?/唯命是從(是作為賓語前置的標志)3)秋以為期/全石以為底(以作為賓語前置的標志)
(二)狀語后置(介賓短語后置/介詞結構后置)
1、貪于財貨;
2、沛公左司馬曹無傷使人言于項羽曰;
3、具告以事;
4、長于臣;
5、得復見將軍于此;
6、因擊沛公于坐;
7、樊噲覆其盾于地
8、將軍戰河北,臣戰河南
(三)判斷句
1、此天子氣也;
2、楚左尹項伯者,項羽季父也;
3、所以遣將守關者,備他盜之出入與非常也;
4、今人有大功而擊之,不義也;
5、沛公之參乘樊噲者也;
6、此亡秦之續耳;
7、亞父者,范增也。
(四)省略句
1、旦日饗士卒,為擊破沛公軍;
2、急擊勿失!
3、毋從俱死也;
4、不可不語;
5、請以劍舞。
(五)固定句式
1、孰與:同??相比,哪一個更;
2、軍中無以為樂:無以:沒有用來??的;
3、項王未有以應:有用來??的;
4、何??為:表疑問或反詰,干什么,為什么?
《陳情表》知識點
一、通假字
1、夙遭閔兇。閔,通“憫”,所憂愁的事
2、零丁孤苦。零丁,通“伶仃”,孤獨的樣子
3、臣密今年四十有六有,通“又”,多
二、詞類活用
1、非臣隕首所能上報。上:名詞作狀語,向上。
2、臣不勝犬馬怖懼之情。犬馬:名詞作狀語,像犬馬。3、外無期功強近之親。外:名詞作狀語,在家外。
4、內無應門五尺之僮。內,名詞作狀語,在家內。
5、則劉病日篤。日:名詞作狀語,一天天。篤:形容詞用作動詞,加重。
6、夙遭閔兇。閔兇:形容詞用作名詞,憂患不幸的事。
7、猥以微賤。微賤:形容詞用作名詞,卑微低賤的人。
8、臣少多疾病。疾病:名詞用作動詞,生病。
9、①具以表聞。②拜表以聞聞:使動用法,使……聞,使……知道。三、一詞多義(一)虛詞“以”
1、用作介詞
1)表示動作、行為所用或所憑借的工具、方法。可譯為“用”、“拿”、“憑借”、“依據”、“按照”、“用(憑借)??身份”。
猥以微賤。憑,介詞。伏惟圣朝以孝治天下/臣具以表聞。用,拿,介詞。汾陽王以副元帥憑借??身份 2)表示原因,介詞。臣以險釁/臣以供養無主因為 但以劉日薄西山/是以區區不敢廢遠因為 邠寧節度使白孝德以王故,戚不敢言因為
2、用作連詞
夫夷以近又、而且,表并列關系 謹拜表以聞來,表目的關系 今不忍人無寇**,以亂天子邊事因而,表因果關系 木欣欣以向榮,水涓涓而始流/余與四人擁火以入(地,著),表修飾關系
(二)虛詞“之”用作助詞。
(1)的,放在定語和中心語之間,表修飾
外無期功強近之親,內無應門五尺之憧。的,定中之間 臣之辛苦,非獨蜀之人士及二州牧伯所見明知。的,定中之間(2)用在主謂結構之間,取消句子的獨立性,不譯,助詞。臣之進退,實為狼狽。可不翻譯
(三)文中重點掌握實詞
1、當
(1)當侍東宮。任,充當,動詞。(2)臣生當隕首,死當結草。一定,副詞。
2、命
(1)辭不赴命。任命,名詞。
(2)人命危淺。生命、性命,名詞。(3)更相為命。生活、生存,名詞。
3、終
(1)既無叔伯,終鮮兄弟。與“既”配合,起并列聯合作用,相當干“又”,連詞。(2)無以終余年。結束,度完,動詞。(3)愿乞終養。終了,動詞。
(四)表示官職變動的實詞
1、除,任命、授職,一般指免去舊職、授予新職。
2、賞,是由皇帝特旨頒布,賜予官職、官銜或爵位。
3、擢,既由選拔而提升。超擢則是越級破格提升的意思。
4、遷,改官。
5、拜,授予官職,任命,多指帝王授臣下官職。
6、徙,改任官職,多指一般的調職。
7、謫,官吏降級,相當于貶。
8、出,指出京受任。
9、去,卸職。《張衡傳》:“自去史職,五載復還。”
10、黜,廢免,革職免官。《屈原列傳》:“屈原既黜,其后秦欲伐齊,齊與楚從親。”
11、放,放逐。有時也指京官調任外地,如《譚嗣同》“即放寧夏知府,旋升為寧夏道”
12、陟,升遷,指官吏的提升和進用。如諸葛亮《出師表》:“宮中府中,俱為一體,陟罰臧否,不宜異同。”
13、奪,罷官免職。如《書博雞者事》“使者遂逮守,脅服奪其官”。
14、罷,革除官職。《書博雞者事》“又投間蔑污使君,使罷。”
15、復,恢復舊職。《書博雞者事》中“為復守官而黜臧使者”
四、重點句式
(一)固定句式
1、既無叔伯,終鮮兄弟。“既??終??”,是連詞“既”和連詞“終”的搭配,表示不止一個方面,可譯作“既??又??”,或“既??也”。
2、有所希冀。“有所??”,與“無所??”是相對的格式。意思是“有??的人(的東西、的事情)”。“所”字后面一定是動詞。“所”與后面的動詞組成名詞性的“所”字結構,充當“有”的賓語。
3、臣無祖母,無以至今日;祖母元臣,無以終余年。“無以”,是動詞“無”與介詞“以”的結合,又寫作“亡以”,表示“沒有辦法”,“沒有什么用來”。
4、是以區區不敢廢遠。“是以”,連詞性的介賓詞組,即“以是”的倒裝,表示結果或結論,用在分句或句子的開頭(有時置于主語后),上承說明原因的分句或句子,可譯為“因此”“所以”。
5、臣之辛苦,非獨蜀之人士及二州牧伯所見明知,皇天后土實所共鑒。“非獨”,連詞,表示除所說的意思之外,還有更進一層的意思,用在復句的上一分句里,可譯為“不單”“不僅”“不只”之類。
(二)被動句
1、而劉夙嬰疾病。嬰,被……纏著。
2、戍卒叫,函谷舉函谷關被攻克
2、若屬皆且為所虜“為所”表示被動
3、吾屬今為之虜矣“為”表示被動
4、身死人手,為天下笑者“為”表示被動
5、不拘于時/受制于人“于”表示被動
6、秦城恐不可得,徒見欺/見笑于大方之家“見”表示被動
《段太尉軼事狀》知識點
一、通假字
1.不嗛,輒奮擊。嗛(qiè),通“慊”,滿足,快意。2.椎釜鬲甕盎盈道上。椎,通“槌”,打,砸。3.太尉判狀,辭甚巽。巽,通“遜”,謙恭。4.出入岐周邠斄間。斄,通“邰”,今陜西武功
二、詞類活用
1.以刃刺酒翁、壞釀器。壞:使動用法,使??壞。2.晞一營大噪,盡甲。甲:名詞作動詞,穿上鎧甲。3.乃我困汝。困:使動用法,使??處于困境險地。4.遇不可,必達其志。達:使動用法,使??表達出來。5.裂裳衣瘡。衣:名詞作動詞,用衣裳纏裹。6.手注善藥手:名詞作狀語,親手 7.奈何欲以亂敗郭氏。敗:使動用法,使??敗壞。三、一詞多義
(一)虛詞“且”
1、作為連詞
臣死且不避,卮酒安足辭?尚且、還,表讓步命如南山石,四體康且直/太尉笑且入并且,表并列關系且勇者不必死節況且
2、作為副詞
且為之奈何?將,罪且及副元帥/人且饑死/火且盡將要年且九十將近
誓不相隔卿,且暫還家去/故且從俗浮沉暫且,姑且
3、固定用法
且夫:放在句首,表示下文是進一步議論
且夫天下非小弱也,雍州之地,崤函之固,自若也。況且,再說且夫天地之間,物各有主況且,再說
(二)虛詞“則”
1、用作連詞
1)表因果關系,“就、便、那么”
夫夷以近,則游者眾,險以遠,則至者少一鼓作氣,再而衰,三而竭。省略謂語“鼓”
4、具以表聞(之)/拜表以聞(之)省略動詞“聞“的賓語,這兩處都指“皇上”
5、私見張良,具告(之)以事省略動詞“告”的賓語
6、農以(之)告諶/吏以告泚省略介詞“以”的賓語
7、以(之)如司農治事堂省略介詞“以”的賓語
8、然力足以至焉,(而未至),于人為可譏省略分句“而未至”
《游褒禪山記》知識點
一、通假字
1、長樂王回深父。父,通“甫”,古代對男子的美稱。
二、詞類活用
1、始舍于其址。舍:名詞活用為動詞,筑舍定居。率以貨船竄名軍中,則肆志 然則郭氏功名其與存者幾何?2)表假設關系,“如果、假若” 今則來,沛公恐不得有此3)用在對比句中
入則無法家拂士,出則無敵國外患者,國恒亡4)表轉折關系,“可是、卻、倒是” 于其身也,則恥師焉,惑矣
2、用作副詞1)表示判斷,“乃、是、就是”此則岳陽樓之大觀也2)“立即”秦二世則亡
3、作名詞,“法則,準則”,可引申作動詞,“效法”
(三)實詞“誠”
1、用作名詞
帝感其誠,命夸娥氏二子負二山誠:名詞,真心真意
2、用作副詞
此誠危急存亡之秋也誠:副詞,肯定、確實、確然
3、用作連詞
公誠以都虞侯命某者誠:連詞,表假設,果真
(四)實詞“固”
1、夫顓臾,固而近于費固:形容詞,城墻堅固
2、固國不以山溪之險固:動詞,鞏固,安定
3、獨夫之心,日益驕固固:形容詞,固執,頑固
4、藺相如固止之固:形容詞,堅決,堅持
5、人固有一死,或重于泰山,或輕于鴻毛固:副詞,本來,原來,固然
(五)實詞“適”
1、余自臨安舟行適臨汝適:動詞,到??去
2、貧賤有此女,始適還家門適:動詞,女子出嫁
3、少無適俗韻,性本愛丘山適:動詞,適合,適應
4、從上觀之適與地平(從上面看恰好與地面相平)適:副詞,恰好
5、適得府君書,明日來迎汝適:副詞,剛剛,剛才
四、重點句式
(一)賓語前置
1、欲誰歸罪:疑問句中,疑問代詞“誰”作為動詞“歸罪”的賓語,故前置
2、汝將何以視天地疑問句中,疑問代詞“何”作為介詞“以”的賓語,故前置
(二)省略句
1、欲茍順私情,則告訴(上官),(上官)不許。省略“告訴“的賓語、“不許”的主語
2、(公)度我至軍中,公乃入省略主語“公”
3、前太守臣逵察臣(為)孝廉,后刺史臣榮舉臣(為)秀才。省略“臣”的謂語拜臣(為)郎中/除臣(為)洗馬。省略“臣”的謂語
2、名之曰褒禪。
3、距其院東五里
4、有泉側出。
4、問其深,則其好游者不能窮也。
6、好游者亦不能窮也。
7、而其見愈奇。
8、蓋其又深,則其至又加少矣。
9、火尚足以明也。
10、不得極夫游之樂也。
11、而世之奇偉、瑰怪、非常之觀,常在于險遠。
12、世之謬其傳而莫能名者,何可勝道也哉。謬:形容詞的使動用法,弄錯,使??錯。傳:動詞作名詞,流傳的文字。名:名詞作動詞,說明白。三、一詞多義(擴展)
(一)虛詞“乃”
1、以其乃華山之陽名之也
2、君子不齒,今其智乃反不能及,何也
3、良乃人,具告沛公
4、于是為長安君約車百乘,質于齊,兵乃出
5、乃二十八騎
6、家祭無忘告乃翁
7、乃文乃武
(二)實詞“道”
1、有碑仆道
2、師者,所以傳道受業解惑也
3、于是廢先王之道,焚百家之言,以愚黔首
4、何可勝道也哉
5、策之不以其道
(三)實詞“蓋”
1、日初出大如車蓋
2、蓋失強援,不能獨完
3、況劉豫州王室之胄,英才蓋世
4、蓋其又深,則其至又加少矣
(四)實詞“文”
1、獨其為文猶可識,曰“花山”
2、不以木為之者,文理有疏密
3、屬予作文以記之
4、文過飾非
(五)實詞“然”
1、至于顛覆,理固宜然3
名:名詞活用為動詞,命名,稱呼。東:方位名詞作動詞,往東走 側:名詞作狀語,在一側。深:形容詞用作名詞,深度。窮:形容詞活用為動詞。窮盡,走到頭。見:動詞作名詞,見到的景象。至:動詞用作名詞,到達的人。明:形容詞用作動詞,照明。極:形容詞作動詞,盡情享受。
險遠:形容詞用作名詞,險遠的地方。副詞,表示判斷,可譯為“是”“就是”副詞,竟,竟然,居然副詞,于是副詞,才
副詞,只,僅僅
第二人稱代詞,你,你的語氣詞名詞,路、道路名詞,道理
名詞,學說、主張動詞,說、講名詞,方法名詞,車蓋
連詞,承接上文,表示原因,“因為”“是因為“是由于” 動詞,超過,勝過
助詞,有“大概”的意思名詞,文字名詞,紋理名詞,文章動詞,掩飾代詞,如此,這樣
2、吳廣以為然形容詞,對、正確
3、有穴窈然形容詞詞尾,“??的樣子”
4、然視其左右,來而記之者已少連詞,表轉折,但、但是
(六)虛詞“其”
1、用作代詞,可以作第一、二、三人稱代詞;可以作指示代詞(這,那); 以其乃華山之陽名之也。第三人稱代詞,它 故以為其愛不若燕后第二人稱代詞,你而余亦悔其隨之而不得極夫游之樂也/獨善其身第一人稱代詞,自己
則或咎其欲出者。指示代詞,指代“欲出者”,譯作“那” 則其好游者不能窮也。指示代詞,指代“好游者”,譯作“那些” 有蔣氏者,專其利三世矣。指示代詞,譯作“這”《鄭伯克段于鄢》知識點
一、通假字
1、佗邑唯命。佗,通“他”,指示代詞,別的,另外的。
2、謂之京城大叔。大,通“太”。
3、大都不過參國之一。參,通“三”。
4、姜氏欲之,焉辟害。辟,通“避”。
5、無庸,將自及。庸,通“用”。
6、遂寘姜氏于城穎。寘,通“置”,安置,這里是“放逐”的意思。
7、若闕地及泉。闕,通“掘”,挖。
8、永錫爾類。錫,通“賜”。
9、命子封帥車二百乘以伐京帥,通“率”。有二僧,其一貧,其一富指示代詞,譯作“其中的”
2、用作副詞
1)加強祈使語氣,表示勸勉、希望攻之不克,圍之不繼,吾其還也。(我們還是回去吧)爾其無忘乃父之志汝其勿悲
2)加強揣測語氣,相當于“恐怕、或許、大概、可能”。圣人之所以為圣,愚人之所以為愚,其皆出于此乎?其是之謂乎!
3)加強反問語氣,相當于“難道”、“怎么”。
盡吾志也而不能至者,可以無悔矣,其孰能譏之乎?其可怪也歟?
3、用作連詞1)表選擇,“是??還是??”其真無馬邪?其真不知馬也?2)表假設,“如果,假如”其業有不精?心不若余之專耳
4、用作助詞,調節音節,無義路漫漫其修遠兮
5、固定用法“何其”,譯作“多么”
至于誓天斷發,泣下沾襟,何其衰也!(多么衰落啊!)
四、重點句式
(一)固定句式
1、其孰能譏之乎?(難道??嗎?)
2、何可勝道也哉!(哪里??呢!)
3、此所以學者不可以不深思而慎取之也。(這就是??的緣故。)
(二)狀語后置
文言文中介詞結構往往放在動詞后面,表示地點,時間,比較等意義。如:
1、古人之觀于天地、山川??“于天地??”作狀語修飾限定動詞“觀”,“對天地??”
2、唐浮圖慧褒始舍于其址“于其址”作狀語修飾限定動詞“舍”,“在??”
3、請辭于軍“于軍”作狀語限定動詞“辭”的對象,“向軍隊”
4、州司臨門,急于星火。“于星火”表示“比星火??”
5、青,取之于藍,而青于藍。劃線“于藍”表示“比藍??”表比較
6、皆斷頭注槊上,植(于)市門外“(于)市門外”表示“在市門外??”
7、具告以事“以事”表示“把事情??”
8、生乎吾前“在我之前出生”
(三)定語后置
文言文中有很多句子將定語放在中心語之后。如:
蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強/仰觀宇宙之大“利”“強”作為中心語“爪牙”“筋骨”的定語,后置。求人可使報秦者。(想找個可以出使去回復秦國的人)“可使報秦”作為中心語“人”的定語,后置。人馬燒溺死者眾“燒溺死”作為中心語“人馬”的定語,后置。我持白璧一雙,欲獻項王;玉斗一雙/軍書十二卷數量詞“一雙”作為“白璧”的定語,后置。
二、詞類活用
1、驚姜氏。
2、今京不度,非制也。
3、無生民心。
4、有獻于公。
5、公賜之食。
6、隧而相見。
7、大叔完聚
8、夫人將啟之
三、重點句式
(一)倒裝句
1、賓語前置
姜氏何厭之有?潁考叔曰:“敢問何謂也?”對曰:“君何患焉?”其是之謂乎!
2、狀語后置
欲立之,亟請于武公鄭伯克段于鄢
(二)判斷句
制,巌邑也。潁考叔為潁谷封人。
一、通假字
1、古者富貴而名摩滅。
2、大底圣賢發憤之所為作也。
3、思垂空文以自見。
4、放失舊聞。
5、稽其成敗興壞之紀。
6、則仆償前辱之責。
二、詞類活用
1、請略陳固陋
2、以污辱先人
3、古者富貴而名摩滅
4、孫子臏腳
5、綜其終始4
驚,使動用法,使??受驚。度,名詞作動詞,合法度。生,使動用法,使??產生。獻,動詞作名詞,進獻的東西 食,動詞作名詞,吃的東西。隧,名詞作動詞,挖隧道。
完,使動用法,使??完好、完整 啟,為動用法,為??開啟 “之”作為賓語前置的標志,即“有何厭” 疑問代詞“何”作為動詞“謂”的賓語,前置 疑問代詞“何”作為動詞“患”的賓語,前置 “之”作為賓語前置的標志,即“其謂是乎” “于武公”為后置狀語 “于鄢”為后置狀語 蔓,難圖也。
潁考叔,純孝也。《報任安書》知識點
摩,通“磨”。底,通“抵”。見,通“現”。失,通“佚”。紀,通“記”。責,通“債”。固陋:形容詞活用為名詞,固陋的意見 辱:形容詞作使動用法,使??受辱 富貴:形容詞活用為名詞,富貴顯達的人 臏腳:名詞活用為動詞,(被)截去膝蓋骨 終始:動詞活用為名次,由始至終的過程三、一詞多義
(一)重點實詞
重點掌握望、非、蓋、勝、走,請參看《導學大課堂》113頁
(二)虛詞“焉”
1、用作兼詞。
1)相當于“于之”、“于此”、“于彼”。三人行,必有我師焉(在其中)。(《論語》)積土成山,風雨興焉(從這里)。(《勸學》)
2)相當于“于何”。譯為“在哪里”“從哪里”等。且焉置土石?(《愚公移山》)
2、用作代詞
1)相當于“之”猶且從師而問焉。(《師說》)心不在焉
2)疑問代詞,哪里、怎么。
未知生,焉知死(《論語》)割雞焉用牛刀(《論語》)
3、語氣詞
1)句末語氣詞,了、啊、呢怯夫慕義,何處不勉焉
2)作句中語氣詞,表示停頓,相當于“也”。
句讀之不知,惑之不解,或師焉,或否焉,小學而大遺 少焉,月出于東山之上,徘徊于斗牛之間
3)作詞尾,相當于“然”,譯為“??的樣子”“??地”。盤盤焉,囷囷焉,蜂房水渦,矗不知乎幾千萬落
(三)虛詞“所”
1、用作名詞,處所,地方。
某所,而母立于茲。(《項脊軒志》)
2、用作助詞
1)放在動詞前同動詞組成“所”字結構,即為名詞性意義,表示“所??的人”、“所??的事物”、“所??的情況”等。《詩》三百篇,大底圣賢發憤之所為作也
道之所存,師之所存也
過蒙拔擢,寵命優渥,豈敢盤桓,有所希冀
3、固定用法
1)為??所:“為”和“所”呼應,組成“為??所??”的格式,表示被動。仆以口語遇遭此禍,重為鄉黨所笑,以污辱先人(《報任安書》)2)所以:
①表示行為所憑借的方式、方法或依據,相當于“用來??的方法” “是用來??的”"等。師者,所以傳道受業解惑也。(《師說》)②表示原因。相當于“??的原因(緣故)”。所以遣將守關者,備他盜之出入與非常也。所以隱忍茍活,幽于糞土之中而不辭者
(四)固定句式
1、教以慎于接物,推賢進士為務以??為:把??當作??
2、是以就極刑而無慍色是以:因此
3、寧得自引深藏于巖穴邪?寧得:怎么能??
4、無乃與仆私心剌謬乎?無乃:恐怕??
四、重點句式
(一)倒裝句
鄙陋沒世而文采不表于后世也“于后世”作狀語后置
(二)被動句
1、至激于義理者不然“于”表被動
2、幽于糞土之中而不辭者“幽”表被動,被幽禁
3、蓋文王拘而演《周易》“拘”表被動,被拘禁
4、屈原放逐,乃賦《離騷》“放逐”表被動,被放逐
5、孫子臏腳,《兵法》修列“臏腳”表被動,被施與臏刑
6、韓非囚秦,《說難》、《孤憤》“囚”表被動,被囚禁
7、仆以口語遇遭此禍,重為鄉黨所笑“為??所”表被動
附:文言文學習知識體系梗概
一、通假字
二、古今異義(見《導學大課堂》)
三、一詞多義(18個重點虛詞,120個重點實詞)
四、偏義復詞
五、詞類活用名詞活用(名詞活用為動詞、狀語,名詞使動用法、意動用法)2 動詞活用(動詞活用為名詞、動詞使動用法、動詞意動用法)
3形容詞活用(形容詞活用為名詞、形容詞活用為動詞、形容詞使動用法、形容詞意動用法)★使動用法:指謂語動詞具有“使賓語怎么樣”的意思。項伯殺人,臣活之 ★意動用法:指謂語動詞具有“認為(或以為)賓語怎么樣的意思。侶魚蝦而友麋鹿
六、文言句法
(一)、判斷句
判斷句,就是以名詞、代詞或名詞性短語為謂語對主語進行判斷的句式。文言文判斷句最顯著的特點就是基本上不用判斷詞“是”來表示。常見判斷句式主要有以下幾種表示法:
1、“??者,??也。” 例如:陳涉者,陽城人也。
2、“??,??也”例如:段公,仁信大人也。
3、“??者,??。” 例如:四人者,廬陵蕭君圭君玉,長樂王回深父,余弟安國平父,安上純父。
4、“??者也。”例如:城北徐公,齊國之美麗者也。
5、無標志判斷句,通過句意直接表示判斷。例如:劉備天下梟雄。(赤壁之戰)
6、在文言文中有時為了加強判斷的語氣,往往在動詞謂語前加副詞“乃、必、亦、即、誠、皆、則”等表判斷。
例如:當立者乃公子扶蘇。此則岳陽樓之大觀也。此誠危急存亡之秋也。
7、用動詞“為”“是”表判斷。“是”在先秦古漢語中少做判斷詞,在漢以后做判斷詞則多起來,要注意和用作代詞的“是”的區別。
例如:問今是何世,乃不知有漢,無論魏晉。(是表示判斷)如今人方為刀俎,我為魚肉,何辭為?(為表示判斷)潁考叔為潁谷封人。(為表示判斷)
(二)、省略句
省略句:將句子中某些成分省略,最常見的省略句如下:
1、省略代詞
例如:項伯乃夜馳之沛公軍,私見張良,具告(之)以事
2、省略介詞,文言文中常常省略介詞“于”,還有介詞“以”等。例如:以(之)如司農治事堂,棲之(于)梁木上
(三)、被動句
被動句:文言文中,有些語句的主語是動作的承受者,這種句式就是被動句。常見被動句有兩大類,一種是有標志的被動句,即借助一些被動詞來表示;一種是無標志的被動句,往往需要結合文意來判斷。
1、有標志的被動句
“為”字式:??為??;為??所??;??為所?? “于”字式:??于??
“見”字式:??見??;??見??于?? “受”字式:受??于??
例如:吾不能舉全吳之地,十萬之眾,受制于人。“被”字式:??被??; 例如:予猶記周公之被逮。《五人墓碑記》
2、無標志的被動句往往用動詞直接表示被動意思,結合文意判定。例如:而劉夙嬰疾病,常在床蓐被??纏繞
(四)倒裝句
文言文中的倒裝句是相對于現代漢語的語序而言的。文言文中的倒裝句式一般可分為賓語前置句、狀語后置句、定語后置句等。
1、賓語前置句(如《鴻門宴》所示)
2、狀語后置句(如《游褒禪山記》所示)
3、定語后置句(如《游褒禪山記》所示)
4、現代漢語正常單句語序:
(定)主+[狀]謂+(定)賓,若文言文語句不合現代漢語語序,皆視為倒裝。
(五)固定句式(從略)
第五篇:高中數學必修五知識點總結
高中數學必修5知識點
第二章:數列
1、數列:按照一定順序排列著的一列數.
2、數列的項:數列中的每一個數.
3、有窮數列:項數有限的數列.
4、無窮數列:項數無限的數列.
5、遞增數列:從第2項起,每一項都不小于它的前一項的數列.
6、遞減數列:從第2項起,每一項都不大于它的前一項的數列.
7、常數列:各項相等的數列.
8、擺動數列:從第2項起,有些項大于它的前一項,有些項小于它的前一項的數列.
9、數列的通項公式:表示數列?an?的第n項與序號n之間的關系的公式.
10、數列的遞推公式:表示任一項an與它的前一項an?1(或前幾項)間的關系的公式.
11、如果一個數列從第2項起,每一項與它的前一項的差等于同一個常數,則這個數列稱為等差數列,這個常數稱為等差數列的公差.
12、由三個數a,?,b組成的等差數列可以看成最簡單的等差數列,則?稱為a與b的等差中項.若b?a?c,則稱b為a與c的等差中項. 213、若等差數列?an?的首項是a1,公差是d,則an?a1??n?1?d.通項公式的變形:①an?am??n?m?d;②a1?an??n?1?d;③d?an?a1;④n?1n?an?a1a?am?1;⑤d?n. dn?m14、若?an?是等差數列,且m?n?p?q(m、n、p、q??*),則am?an?ap?aq;若?an?是等差數列,且2n?p?q(n、p、q??*),則2an?ap?aq;下角標成等差數列的項仍是等差數列;連續m項和構成的數列成等差數列。
15、等差數列的前n項和的公式:①Sn?
n?a1?an?n?n?1?d. ;②Sn?na1?22