第一篇：簡愛的英語論文

Analysis of Jane Eyre

Purpose and Significance of study：

Jane Eyre is a classical work produced in Victorian time by Charlotte Bronte.This novel has attracted widely attention and discussions for over 150 years after its publishment.On the surface, Jane Eyre is a love story about a poor young woman Jane Eyre and a rich man Mr.Rochester.But when we read it carefully, we can find out much deeper connotation, and we can understand that this work is not only a simple love story, but also reflects some social situations.Especially was the problem of the relationship between women and the traditional morality in Victorian time.In this novel, Bronte expresses strong dissatisfaction for females’ unequal social status, and Jane Eyre was her own embodiment to resist the oppression of the social traditional morality and to break the age’s fetter.And this novel also reflects that at that time, women have been already realized they should struggle for their independence of spirit and equal rights on many aspects in the social life.This thesis according to expounding the females’ situations under the traditional morality in Victorian age and the analysis of heroine’s behavior and thinking which broke the traditional morality at that time in Jane Eyre, to find the appearance of feminine consciousness and the demands of women for having equal social status like men in society and getting independence of life and spirit.Situation of study：

Jane Eyre is a famous work by Charlotte Bronte, and this novel was published in 1847 and became an immediate success.Through this novel the author told a love story about a young orphan Jane Eyre who grew up, went to school, worked, married, and created the life for herself to readers with autobiographic form.In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte expresses strong sympathy for the working class and the poor,forcefully condemns both upper-class exploitation and arrogance.Jane is a typical Victorian literature’s rebellious heroine, and her unique character make this novel have permanent attraction.In the history of English literature, the Victorian Age produced a group of women novelists.How women were regarded and regarded themselves as members of society became one of the chief concerns of writers in that period.Charlotte Bronte was one of them.Her works shows the women’s power and the resistance to men’s oppressions.In Jane Eyre, the autobiographic novel, by Jane Eyre’s telling to readers Charlotte Bronte expresses her own mind that women are powerful and women should not be controlled by traditional rules.This thesis will research the “unwomanly” character of the heroine under the Victorian traditional morality.All of Jane’s behaviors showed her difference from traditional morality.In such a period, a little girl struggled for her equal rights in her guardian’s family;a student made efforts to improve the living condition of school;a young governess pursued her real love and refused the proposal of the man she did not love.All of these behaviors disobeyed the traditional morality in Victorian age.She broke the model of “angel in the house” throughout her life.Her “unwomanly” character was also showed obviously.This image was also a symbol of feminine consciousness.Her “unwomanly” character showed the demand of women to gain their equal social rights and independence.By Jane, Bronte expresses the dissatisfaction to unfair treatment to female of the traditional morality.And through Jane, the feminine consciousness’s appearance of the author can be found clearly.Detailed Outline：

1.Introduction

2.Traditional Morality in Victorian time

2.1 Family

2.1.1 Household

2.1.2 Education

2.2 Society

2.2.1 Work

2.2.2 Marriage

2.2.3 Property

3.Jane Eyre

3.1 Family

3.1.1 Her behaviors in her aunt’s house

3.1.2 Her behaviors in Lowood School

3.2 Society

3.2.1 Her job

3.2.2 Her marriage

3.2.3 Her property

3.3 Her attitude to the men surrounding her

3.3.1 John Reed

3.3.2 Mr.Brocklehurst

3.3.3 Rochester

3.3.4 St.John

4．Conclusion

5.References

References：

1.Archibald, Diana, C., Domesticity, Imperialism, and Emigration in the Victorian Novel.London: University of Missouri Press, 2002.2.Bronte, Charlotte, Jane Eyre, shanghai, 上海世界圖書公司, 2003.3.De Lamotte, Eugenia, Perils of the Night: a Feminist Study of Nineteenth-Century Gothic.New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.4.Dickens, C., The Pickwick Papers.New York, London: Penguin Books, 1999

5.Meyer, Susan, Imperialism at Home: Race and Victorian Women's Fiction.London: Cornell University Press, 1996.6.Showaller, Elane, A Literature their Own, Beijing: Foreign Languag Teaching and

Research Press,and Princeton University Press, 2004.7.Shuttleworth, Sally, Charlotte Bronte and Victorian Psychology.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press，1996.8.保利，維多利亞女王，北京：中國人事出版社，1998。

9.丁延敏、王小英等，世界文學家大辭典，四川：四川人民出版社，1988。

10.郝小兵，一百個外國文學形象，長春：長春出版社，2001。

11.劉炳善, A Story History of English Literature, Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign

Language Education Press, 1981.12.王佩蘭、馬茜、黃際英，英國文學史及作品選讀，長春：東北師范大學，1992。

13.吳偉仁, History and Anthology of English Literature, Beijing：Foreign Languag

Teaching and Research Press, 1998.14.云桂賓等，袖珍外國文學名著辭典, 北京：中國廣播電視出版社, 1981。

15.朱虹，英國小說的黃金時代，北京：中國社會科學出版社，1987。

太原理工大學現代科技學院

英語專業論文開題報告

姓名：李慧敏

學號：07101796

專業班級：英語07-3班

太原理工大學現代科技學院

英語專業論文開題報告

姓名：戴靖

學號：07101791

專業班級：英語07-3班

第二篇：簡愛讀后感英文版-我讀簡愛-英語論文

簡愛讀后感英文版-我讀簡愛-英語論文

Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens', is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century.The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London.The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime.He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse.While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings.I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill.To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end.One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs.Maylie and Rose and began a new life.He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons.He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty.How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness.I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty.Although I don't think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded.For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person.Goodness is to humans what water is to fish.He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person.On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, 'The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose', he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person.People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself.To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity.They look down on people's honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted.As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others.On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit.In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility.If they cannot get profit from showing their 'kindness', they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down.They are one of the sorts that I really detest.Francis Bacon said in his essay, 'Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.'

That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything.Therefore, I, a kind

person, want to tell those 'vermin-to-be'to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness.

第三篇：英語論文

農村的中學英語課堂教學

如何實施目標教學, 優化教學過程, 推進素質教育并在課堂教學中融進素質教育，就農村的中學英語教學而言, 我認為最好的方法就是讓課堂教學活起來。那么, 在中學英語教學中, 怎樣才能讓課堂教學活起來呢?

一、利用各種教學媒體, 激活教科書, 讓學生更易理解接受。

.在教學中, 我們應想方設法, 利用電教器材如TV、VCD、電腦、收音機等, 讓教科書活起來、動起來、形象起來、發出聲來, 讓活的教科書震撼學生的心靈、開發學生的智力, 培養學生的創新能力。如我在講Shopping 這一課時, 就利用共享中的教學軟件, 將各種商品的圖片展現在電腦上,讓學生充當購物者, 運用所學過的句型進行現場模擬練習, 使課堂變得有聲有色、生動有趣。學生則充滿激情, 很好地理解和掌握了教學內容, 并能模仿自編自演對話, 達到了活學活用的效果。

二、重視學生的主體地位, 發揚教學民主, 創設和諧氣氛, 增強學生的參與意識, 讓學生在課堂中活起來

2.樹立學生的自信心與勇氣, 增強學生的參與意識。英語學科的教學特色是充分發揮其語言功能, 講究對話的藝術。這就要求教師引導學生全體主動參與, 使其克服羞于開口的毛病, 積極參與語言交際活動。在英語教學中, 我常常用表揚和鼓勵的話語激勵學生, 讓學生能夠大膽地表現自己, 每一課都盡量創設大量情境并提供廣泛的語言材料, 讓學生進行聽說讀寫訓練。如Unit 8 My family 和Unit 9 A birthday party 的教學, 我先讓學生看圖聽錄音跟讀, 然后口述,并運用句型進行家庭及人物的介紹, 再自編自演對話。這樣, 本來只有幾句話的內容, 經過處理, 就成為一個生動有趣的說話練習了。長期的訓練, 使學生由克服了說英語的膽怯心理, 變得自然大方, 而且不時有出色的表現。

三、教師轉變觀念, 讓教學方法與教學手段活起來

單

一、呆板的教學方法與手段, 只能讓課堂變得枯燥乏味。新課程背景下的英語課堂教學應是快節奏的、靈活多樣的、豐富多彩的, 而不是黑白無聲的。教師上課節奏要快, 以訓練學生的反應、思維。學生的有意注意時間大多不超過20 分鐘, 注意力易分散, 一旦教學方法呆板、節奏慢, 就會出現學生做小動作或小聲講話等不良習慣。因此, 教師應抓住學生注意力集中的短暫時刻, 用學生能接受的節奏組織形式多樣的課堂活動, 如游戲、唱歌、做動作、搶答競賽等, 使學生既緊張又活潑, 在輕松愉快而又緊張刺激的氛圍中學習。這樣, 學生的學習積極性高, 不會感到厭倦, 對知識記憶得也特別牢固, 教學效果自然較好。

四、優化合理的課堂結構:

(l)靈活運用“五步教學法”。(2)對好單詞關。培養興趣，激發求知欲;直觀教學，增強感官印象;總結規律，記憶單詞。(3)過好導課關。“溫故而知新”，在復習基礎上，巧設情景，引出新語言項目，再啟發學生觀察、分析、歸納。由學生嘗試去總結悟出新語言的規律，并讓學生在練中學、學中練。

五、發揚民主, 營造和諧氣氛, 注重培養學生學習英語的興趣激發學生的學習興趣，幫助學生形成學習動機讓學生動起來

（1）誘發學習動機、激發學習興趣。學生的學習活動總是由一定的學習動機引起的, 只有當學生喜歡學、要求學, 有迫切的學習愿望時, 他們才能自覺積極地投入到學習活動中去。那么, 學生的這種學習動機從何而來呢? 這就要靠教師的教學藝術, 要靠教師組織富有成效的學習活動去誘發學生的學習動機、激發學習興趣、活躍學生的思維, 如設置懸念、創設情境等, 將學生置于心求通而未達, 口欲言而不能的心理狀態。如組織課前活動時, 我通常以聽說訓練為重點,利用課前的幾分鐘, 開展Free talk 活動, 其中內容包括日常生活中常用的問候句型、自我介紹句型, 以及日期、天氣的正確表達方法, 讓學生以輕松、愉快的心情迎來即將開始的英語課。

（2）.心理學家告訴我們, 愛動是孩子的天性。在英語教學中, 教師應將“動中學、學中動”有機結合, 使學生動腦、動口、動眼、動耳、動手, 以最佳心理狀態投入到學習中去。如在教學Unit 3 In my schoolbag 時, 我一邊教學新單詞、一邊讓學生運用句型猜測老師的提包和筆盒中分別有什么。這樣, 學生學得趣味盎然, 教師也教得輕松自如。興趣是一種學習的動力，學習英語的興趣越濃，學習的積極性就越高，學習的效果就越好。課堂教學是教師激發學生學習興趣，提高學生參與行為的重要場所之一，教師應盡力使自己的課生動有趣。學生在課堂教學過程中發揮出的主體作用反過來又促進了教師的課堂教學質量的提高，教與學真正進人良性循環。著名心理學家布魯納說過“學習最好的刺激是對所學教材的興趣”，對學生來說，“興趣”將直接影響學習效果。新教材內容貼近學生的生活，在教學的過程中，應充分挖掘其趣味性，喚起情感共鳴，引起學生興趣。教師應做到備學生、備教材，設計每一節課，都使其有趣味性。創造和諧的課堂氣氛，充分調動學生的主動性和積極性，應盡量多揚少抑，哪怕這個學生僅僅取得一點進步。孔子曰:“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如樂之者。”激活學生學習動機，增強他們的學習積極性，變被動應付為主動探求知識，使之成為樂之者

六、培養競爭意識，增強學習自覺性現代社會充滿了機遇，也充滿了競爭，充滿了走上臺來推銷自己的時機。

這種競爭應該在日常學習和生活中進行，成為習慣性意識，隨時準備抓住機遇，去迎接挑戰。教師在教學中，要糾正學生的保守態度和嫉妒心理，向學生灌輸正確的人生觀念、高尚的思想意識，并身體力行地發動學生，促成他們充滿活力、積極向上、勇于表現、不怕競爭的人生觀，以適應現代生活的需求。具體可以分小組競賽、男女生之間競賽、自由組合競賽、個人挑戰競賽等。如教單詞可競爭誰讀得又快又好又準;教會話時，可競賽誰對話正確、流利;競賽哪個組，哪個學生先背出來。這樣競賽項目一出來，學生們的熱情立刻高漲起來，學習自覺性增強，學習效率就大大提高了。

綜上所述，課堂教學十分重要。英語素質教育的教學中，優化課堂教學模式是重點，也是實施素質教育主渠道，這就要求我們教師應做到優化教學目標的制定，優化課堂教學的設計，優化教學方法的組合等，通過優化課堂教學模式，以達到實施素質教育的目的。

第四篇：英語論文

如何提高英語閱讀能力

第三初中

張艷萍

多年以來，英語教育一直把學生的閱讀能力放在首位，因為閱讀是獲取信息的一個極其重要的途徑。在英語教學大綱中也有明確的規定，英語教育的目的是培養學生具有較強的閱讀能力、初步的寫和說的能力，使學生能以英語為工具獲取專業所需的信息，并為進一步提高英語水平打下較好的基礎。那么，英語學習者應該怎樣提高英語閱讀能力呢？

上海對外貿易學院的黃源深教授大聲呼吁：“外語是讀出來的，不是做練習做出來的。”讀出來的外語才是自然的、地道的，因為那是從語境中悟出來的；靠練習做出來的外語是生硬的，常常也是不地道的，因為缺少語感，是依靠規則在拼湊。因此，在英語閱讀教學中，要有意識地擴大學生的閱讀量，增加語言輸入的數量和頻率；不僅讓學生學會語言知識，獲取文章所提供的信息，領悟文章的文化內涵，更為重要的是要采取適當的閱讀教學策略，使學生掌握閱讀的方法和技能，逐步培養用英語獲得信息、處理信息的能力，學會用英語進行思維和表達、分析問題和解決問題。

一、明確讀什么

閱讀能力的訓練總是離不開閱讀材料，如果在文章選材上不下工夫，所讀內容干巴巴、思想陳舊、表達生硬不地道，會使讀者閱讀興趣大減，甚至失去信心，達不到提高閱讀能力的目的。因此，應該選擇時代氣息濃、難易適中的、可讀性強的文章。

二、明確怎樣讀

閱讀的訓練在提高閱讀速度和閱讀理解質量。然而，閱讀速度和理解能力不是與生俱來，也不是一時半會就能提高的。如果盲目“加載提速”，則會欲速則不達。因此，掌握一套有效的訓練方法很重要。1.注意精讀與泛讀的結合

1）做精讀訓練時，要注意培養理解能力和表達能力，注意對所學內容的理解和歸納，注意對語法知識的總結和積累；明確概括能力（尤其是邏輯思維能力）、背景知識以及加工策略（詞匯、句型、語法知識和語篇分析理解能力）在閱讀理解中的相互作用，逐步掌握如何抓住話題，利用自己已有知識對所讀文章進行預測、推斷、驗證和修改。通過精讀了解文章的結構特點、表達習慣，明確詞匯、句型、語法等語言基礎知識在形成閱讀理解能力中所起的作用，為進行廣泛和快速的閱讀打下堅實的基礎。

2）泛讀就是學生選擇適當的材料進行大量的閱讀。泛讀是提高閱讀速度、增強背景知識的有效途徑。做泛讀訓練要逐步達到以下三級理解層次：①理解文章的字面意思。②理解文章的深層含義。通過分析、判斷、推理等方法理解字里行間的言外之意——引申義，發展分析、綜合和概括的能力。③通過閱讀查閱讀相關資料，擴展自己的知識面。這樣在文章中出現而又沒有闡述的人文知識，立刻會躍入你的腦海，使本來模糊的語句清晰無比，可謂如魚得水。2.注重語言基礎知識和語篇能力相結合

所謂語篇能力是指學習和掌握所學語言的風格和表達習慣。詞匯、句型、語法都是語篇銜接的重要手段。在學習語言基礎知識的過程中，著眼培養和提高語言能力，同時注意在閱讀、完形填空、短文改錯、寫作等語篇訓練中激活、鞏固、升華語言基礎知識，才能促進知識與能力之間的轉化和遷移。在做閱讀訓練時，如何將“知識”與“能力”相結合，提高英語閱讀能力呢？

（1）注意詞匯在語篇中的銜接作用。在詞匯的學習中除了要結合閱讀語篇等來擴大詞匯量外，還要養成歸納同義詞、近義詞、上下義詞、反義詞和固定搭配的好習慣，把詞匯學習與語篇能力有機結合起來。（2）注意語法和句式在語篇銜接中的作用。語法好似語言的編碼系統，在語篇銜接中自然起著重要作用。

我通常的做法是：根據英語報刊的寫作版，指導學生采用擴寫、仿寫、續寫、改寫、縮寫、寫讀后感及內容梗概等方式完成寫作練習，一周一篇，通過互批、展示和面批，及時反饋、檢測學生的閱讀情況，并據此對學生提出新的、有針對性的閱讀要求。

在這種循序漸進的自主式閱讀訓練中，學生拓展了視野，積累了大量的詞匯。更重要的是，學生不再將英語閱讀視為被動的、外在式的行為方式，而是一種主動的、內需式的自主學習活動。

二、立足課堂優化，培養閱讀策略

自主式閱讀以課外為主，采取自學的方式，但這并不表示要摒棄課堂，相反，在有限的課堂教學時間里，教師更要靜心指導，讓學生可以借鑒他人的成功經驗，切實提高閱讀效率和閱讀能力。在每周一節的閱讀輔導課上，我從以下幾個方面指導學生閱讀：

（一）有針對性地介紹閱讀技巧

閱讀技巧是學生順利閱讀的關鍵因素之一。在學生積存了一定閱讀量的基礎上，教師根據教學目標，精選一到兩篇文章，設計閱讀任務，向學生介紹跳讀和略讀（skimming）、細讀（scanning）等閱讀技巧。

1.跳讀是一種有選擇的閱讀。跳讀所選的內容往往是文章中某些具體的事實和信息，直接以某個細節的關鍵詞（如時間、地名、人名等）為尋找對象。在跳讀訓練的初期，應設置一些

特定的細節問題，幫助學生快速地鎖定跳讀目標。比如，閱讀Teens Junior 3Arm strong passes away一文時，我給學生設計了如下提示性問題：

1）When did Armstrong become the firstman to walk on the moon? 2）What did Armstrong do on the moon?.3）Who did he walk with on the moon? 2.略讀也是一種選擇性閱讀，但其側重點是對整體內容的把握。當我們要確定文章的主題、作者的觀點、作者的風格或明確文章的結構時，就應選擇略讀的方式。略讀時，應引導學生抓住文章的一些標志性詞句，如文章的標題、段首與段尾、主題句以及文章結尾帶有觀點性的陳述句。比如，閱讀TeensJunior 3中的Thereal United Stated一文時，我出示了以下兩個問題引導學生略讀：

（二）適當精講部分文章

結合學生的需求、興趣和語言程度選擇閱讀材料后，應先要求學生限時閱讀，隨后教師對文章重點（如體裁、中心思想、背景知識和寫作意圖等）作適當講解，幫助學生更深刻地理解和領悟文章內容。比如，2014年青奧會將在南京舉辦，體育明星是學生追捧的對象，我們便集中一節課介紹了青奧會的相關知識，還有一些常見體育項目的英文名（如swimming，boxing，weightlifting，tennls等）以及這些項目的比賽規則等；“汶川”地震后，我向學生介紹了一些國際和國內的慈善機構，為加深對9A Unit 6Reading Earthquake in Taiwan一課內容的理解，我還請學生摘錄并在課堂上朗誦了這樣一首詩：

（三）適時檢測閱讀質量

初中生處于青春波動期，自律能力相對欠缺，學習自覺性有時還不夠，若完全放手，有的學生會因為惰性而不能及時完成閱讀任務，使課后的自主閱讀流于形式。通過一定的課堂檢測，可以起到督促學生的作用。一般我以周為時間單位，事先準備好一些題目，內容涉及學生所閱讀的英語報刊的所有版面。學生以小組為單位，抽取老師事先準備好的題目。我會根據作答情況，對小組給予獎勵。為了更好地掌握學生閱讀英語報刊的情況和閱讀輔導課的效果，我還把報刊閱讀測試與課本教學測試相結合，從英語報刊上選取兩到三個內容放入測試題中，進一步督促學生認真閱讀。

第五篇：英語論文

本科畢業論文

Noticing in SLA（小二號Times New Roman加粗居中頂頁眉）

(空一行)Abstract: This article focuses on the role of “noticing” and “noticing the gap” in second language acquisition.It is argued that this notion has gained wide support on the basis of intuition and assumption rather than on the findings of appropriate and exhaustive empirical research.The aim of this paper is twofold: a)to consider the theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing, and b)to assess the validity of the assumption that noticing enhances language acquisition.This paper concludes that 1)empirical research has yet to validate the role of noticing in language acquisition, 2)an alternative view offered by Truscott(1998), which suggests that noticing is merely tied to the acquisition of metalinguistic knowledge, is worthy of investigation, and 3)future research into the relationship between training learners to notice linguistic forms and the acquisition of metalinguistic knowledge may enhance our understanding of noticing in second language acquisition.（小四；不分段；頂格）

(空一行)Key words: noticing;metalinguistic knowledge;linguistic forms（小四）(空三行)（摘要、文章、參考文獻均先在默認狀態下輸入，然后第二稿時再按照要求進行字體、字符大小、加粗等的編輯。如果中、英文摘要在一頁里放不下，則將中文摘要另換頁。）

二語習得中的注意（小二號宋體加粗居中）

（空一行）

摘要：本文著重研究了“注意”和“注意差距” 的作用，指出這一概念受到廣泛重視是出于直覺和假設,而不是基于廣泛的實證研究.本文旨在:1)探討“注意”這一概念的理論構建；2）評估“注意”強化語言習得假設的有效性。本文得出結論如下：1)通過實證研究，證明了“注意”在語言習得中的作用；2）特拉斯科特在1998年提出的新觀點是值得研究的，他認為“注意”只同元語言知識的習得有聯系；3）如果能對學習者所受的注意語言形式訓練和元語言知識的習得之間的關系作進一步研究，會幫助我們更好的理解二語習得中的“注意”。（五號）

（空一行）

關鍵詞：注意；元語言知識；語言形式（五號）

i

本科畢業論文

（空一行）

Contents（四號加粗居中頂頁眉、）

1.Introduction..............................................................................................................................I 2.The theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing...................................................I 2.1 Consciousness raising and noticing...................................................................................I 2.2 Noticing and language acquisition.....................................................................................I 3.Influences on noticing..............................................................................................................I 3.1 Task demands....................................................................................................................II 3.2 Frequency..........................................................................................................................II 3.3 Perceptual salience................................................................................................................................................II 4.Conclusion.............................................................................................................................II References................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................................................................iv

（目錄用電腦自動生成的格式，把行距改成1.5倍行距

二級標題與第一級標題首字母對應

三級標題與第二級標題首字母對應

不設置四級標題）

ii

本科畢業論文

Noticing in SLA（小二加粗居中頂頁眉，每個實詞首字母大寫）

（空一行）

1.Introduction（一級標題，四號加粗頂格；所有標題后均不加逗點或句點）

The significance of the role of conscious and unconscious processes and the notion of interface in second language(L2)development has been the focus of much debate in the general field of cognitive psychology.One proposal is that put forward by Burka(1996), who offers a hypothesis related to conscious learning that focuses on what Skehan argues is “the crucial concept of noticing”(Deleuze, 1986，p.48)（這是參考文獻出處文中注的格式，p用小寫）.The purpose of this paper is to a)consider the theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing, and b)assess the validity of the assumption that noticing enhances language acquisition.[一級標題與一級標題之間空一行，一級標題和二、三級標題之間都不空行。所有標題均頂格、并只有第一個單詞首字母大寫（除專有名詞外）。]

2.The theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing（一級標題）

2.1 Consciousness raising and noticing（二級標題，小四加粗）

The term “consciousness raising” refers to the drawing of learners' attention to the formal properties of language(Fee and Fox., 1988).However, a key difference between noticing and consciousness raising is that noticing has supposed implications for language processing and the actual acquisition of linguistic features.（每段第一行退進4個空格）2.2 Noticing and language acquisition

Geertz(1973)identifies three aspects of consciousness involved in language learning: awareness, intention and knowledge.Johnstone(1993)states that a)whether a learner deliberately attends to a linguistic form in the input or it is noticed purely unintentionally, if it is noticed it becomes intake.To help clarify Schmidt’s hypothesis and the place of noticing in L2 acquisition the following model, proposed by Ellis, is useful.(一級標題與一級標題之間空一行，一級標題和二、三級標題之間都不空行)3.Influences on noticing Jones(1978), in harmony with Schmidt's discussion of memory processing above, comments that it is inside short-term memory that noticing must in reality take place, since the “spotlight consciousness”(Magistrale, 1992, p.142)provided by short-term memory is

i

本科畢業論文

triggered by different influences on noticing.Schmidt(1990)claims that the following factors influence noticing in the input: 3.1 Task demands

Instruction provides structured, differentiated input that assists noticing by focusing attention on and enhancing awareness of language features(Pikarsky and Christensen, 1976).3.2 Frequency

A language feature may become frequent due to repeated instruction or by way of teacher talk.As such, when the item does appear more frequently in the input, the likelihood 3.3 Perceptual salience

The more prominent a language form at input, the greater the chance it will be noticed(Skehan, 1998).It stands to reason, therefore, that the less salient a form, the less likely it is to

(一級標題與一級標題之間空一行，一級標題和二、三級標題之間都不空行)4.Conclusion

It can be seen that there are various views regarding the role of conscious and unconscious processes in L2 acquisition.An important contribution to this debate has been Schmidt's “noticing hypothesis” and its claims about how input becomes intake, and this

ii

本科畢業論文

References（四號居中加粗頂頁眉）

(空一行)Burka, Lauren P.A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions.Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www.tmdps.cn/talent/ lpb/muddex/essay..Deleuze, Giles.Foucault.(Sean Hand, Trans.& Ed.).Minneapolis: U M P, 1986.Fee, Elizabeth & Daniel M.Fox.(Eds.).AIDS: The Burdens of History.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.Geertz, Clifford.The Interpretation of Cultures.New York: Basic Books.1973.Johnstone, Sue.Feminism and Pornography: Policing the Boundary between Art and Popular Culture.Doctoral Dissertation.Rutgers University, New Jersey, 1993.Jones, James.Daydreaming.In Lorence Smith(Ed.), Fictions.New York: Yale UP, 1978: 127-35.Magistrale, Tony.Wild Child: Jim Morrison’s Poetic Journeys.Journal of Popular Culture, 1992, 3: 133-44.Pikarsky, M.& Christensen, D.Urban Transportation Policy and Management.Boston: D.C.Heath, 1976.蓋淑華.英語專業學生詞匯附帶習得實證研究.外語教學與研究, 2003, 4: 282-286.梁正溜.英語教學.上海: 外語教育出版社, 1999.(注意事項：

1.英語為小四，中文為五號；行距1.5倍，條目先列英語后列中文, 英文作者先寫姓氏，加逗號后，再寫名字，名字后用句點, 英文和中文條目分別按作者姓氏英語首字母和漢語拼音首字母順序排列；中英文書名均不用書名號且英語書名為斜體；網址要需標注網上查閱資料日期；每一個條目如需占用兩行，第二行則退進四個空格；條目中的每項不同內容（包括結尾）均用句點分隔，出版社前有地點就標注地點，并用冒號隔開，出版社與年代之間用句點。相關內容參考“論文格式要求”中實例部分 2．文章中參考文獻文中注的引用出處格式：（作者姓，年代，頁碼）或（作者姓，年代）如：(Magistrale, 1992, p.142)(Pikarsky & Christensen, 1976))

iii

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Acknowledgments(四號加粗居中頂頁眉)

(空一行)I would like to thank my supervisor BBBB for her invaluable guidance, enthusiasm and support throughout the course of this work.I am also very grateful to CCCC for his helpful comments and insightful suggestions during the research and writing of this thesis.I would also like to thank DDDD for taking the time to be my external examiner.Many other people have helped and contributed their time to the research of this thesis.My thanks to EEEE, and FFFF for their invaluable comments and suggestions.I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude toward everyone in the English Department of AAA University, especially GGGG, HHHH, for their valuable suggestions and help in these two years of study as well as their friendship.Thanks to all the other friends I have made at AAA University for making my stay at AAA an enjoyable period of time.I will always be indebted to my family, especially my parents IIII and JJJJ.I would like to thank them for their support and confidence in me.My gratitude goes to everyone at home.This thesis would not have been possible without all their kindness and encouragement.(注意: 此文本僅供參考,各位同學應該依據實際情況寫出致謝！!如果仿寫,請注意紅色字體部分).iv

本科畢業論文

Noticing in SLA（小二號Times New Roman加粗居中頂頁眉）

(空一行)Abstract: This article focuses on the role of “noticing” and “noticing the gap” in second language acquisition.It is argued that this notion has gained wide support on the basis of intuition and assumption rather than on the findings of appropriate and exhaustive empirical research.The aim of this paper is twofold: a)to consider the theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing, and b)to assess the validity of the assumption that noticing enhances language acquisition.This paper concludes that 1)empirical research has yet to validate the role of noticing in language acquisition, 2)an alternative view offered by Truscott(1998), which suggests that noticing is merely tied to the acquisition of metalinguistic knowledge, is worthy of investigation, and 3)future research into the relationship between training learners to notice linguistic forms and the acquisition of metalinguistic knowledge may enhance our understanding of noticing in second language acquisition.（小四；不分段；頂格）

(空一行)Key words: noticing;metalinguistic knowledge;linguistic forms（小四）(空三行)（摘要、文章、參考文獻均先在默認狀態下輸入，然后第二稿時再按照要求進行字體、字符大小、加粗等的編輯。如果中、英文摘要在一頁里放不下，則將中文摘要另換頁。）

二語習得中的注意（小二號宋體加粗居中）

（空一行）

摘要：本文著重研究了“注意”和“注意差距” 的作用，指出這一概念受到廣泛重視是出于直覺和假設,而不是基于廣泛的實證研究.本文旨在:1)探討“注意”這一概念的理論構建；2）評估“注意”強化語言習得假設的有效性。本文得出結論如下：1)通過實證研究，證明了“注意”在語言習得中的作用；2）特拉斯科特在1998年提出的新觀點是值得研究的，他認為“注意”只同元語言知識的習得有聯系；3）如果能對學習者所受的注意語言形式訓練和元語言知識的習得之間的關系作進一步研究，會幫助我們更好的理解二語習得中的“注意”。（五號）

（空一行）

v

本科畢業論文

關鍵詞：注意；元語言知識；語言形式（五號）

vi

本科畢業論文

（空一行）

Contents（四號加粗居中頂頁眉、）

1.Introduction..............................................................................................................................I 2.The theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing...................................................I 2.1 Consciousness raising and noticing...................................................................................I 2.2 Noticing and language acquisition.....................................................................................I 3.Influences on noticing..............................................................................................................I 3.1 Task demands....................................................................................................................II 3.2 Frequency..........................................................................................................................II 3.3 Perceptual salience................................................................................................................................................II 4.Conclusion.............................................................................................................................II References................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................................................................iv

（目錄用電腦自動生成的格式，把行距改成1.5倍行距

二級標題與第一級標題首字母對應

三級標題與第二級標題首字母對應

不設置四級標題）

vii

本科畢業論文

Noticing in SLA（小二加粗居中頂頁眉，每個實詞首字母大寫）

（空一行）

1.Introduction（一級標題，四號加粗頂格；所有標題后均不加逗點或句點）

The significance of the role of conscious and unconscious processes and the notion of interface in second language(L2)development has been the focus of much debate in the general field of cognitive psychology.One proposal is that put forward by Burka(1996), who offers a hypothesis related to conscious learning that focuses on what Skehan argues is “the crucial concept of noticing”(Deleuze, 1986，p.48)（這是參考文獻出處文中注的格式，p用小寫）.The purpose of this paper is to a)consider the theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing, and b)assess the validity of the assumption that noticing enhances language acquisition.[一級標題與一級標題之間空一行，一級標題和二、三級標題之間都不空行。所有標題均頂格、并只有第一個單詞首字母大寫（除專有名詞外）。]

2.The theoretical constructs that underlie the role of noticing（一級標題）

2.1 Consciousness raising and noticing（二級標題，小四加粗）

The term “consciousness raising” refers to the drawing of learners' attention to the formal properties of language(Fee and Fox., 1988).However, a key difference between noticing and consciousness raising is that noticing has supposed implications for language processing and the actual acquisition of linguistic features.（每段第一行退進4個空格）2.2 Noticing and language acquisition

Geertz(1973)identifies three aspects of consciousness involved in language learning: awareness, intention and knowledge.Johnstone(1993)states that a)whether a learner deliberately attends to a linguistic form in the input or it is noticed purely unintentionally, if it is noticed it becomes intake.To help clarify Schmidt’s hypothesis and the place of noticing in L2 acquisition the following model, proposed by Ellis, is useful.(一級標題與一級標題之間空一行，一級標題和二、三級標題之間都不空行)3.Influences on noticing Jones(1978), in harmony with Schmidt's discussion of memory processing above, comments that it is inside short-term memory that noticing must in reality take place, since the “spotlight consciousness”(Magistrale, 1992, p.142)provided by short-term memory is

本科畢業論文

triggered by different influences on noticing.Schmidt(1990)claims that the following factors influence noticing in the input: 3.1 Task demands

Instruction provides structured, differentiated input that assists noticing by focusing attention on and enhancing awareness of language features(Pikarsky and Christensen, 1976).3.2 Frequency

A language feature may become frequent due to repeated instruction or by way of teacher talk.As such, when the item does appear more frequently in the input, the likelihood 3.3 Perceptual salience

The more prominent a language form at input, the greater the chance it will be noticed(Skehan, 1998).It stands to reason, therefore, that the less salient a form, the less likely it is to

(一級標題與一級標題之間空一行，一級標題和二、三級標題之間都不空行)4.Conclusion

It can be seen that there are various views regarding the role of conscious and unconscious processes in L2 acquisition.An important contribution to this debate has been Schmidt's “noticing hypothesis” and its claims about how input becomes intake, and this

本科畢業論文

References（四號居中加粗頂頁眉）

(空一行)Burka, Lauren P.A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions.Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www.tmdps.cn/talent/ lpb/muddex/essay..Deleuze, Giles.Foucault.(Sean Hand, Trans.& Ed.).Minneapolis: U M P, 1986.Fee, Elizabeth & Daniel M.Fox.(Eds.).AIDS: The Burdens of History.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.Geertz, Clifford.The Interpretation of Cultures.New York: Basic Books.1973.Johnstone, Sue.Feminism and Pornography: Policing the Boundary between Art and Popular Culture.Doctoral Dissertation.Rutgers University, New Jersey, 1993.Jones, James.Daydreaming.In Lorence Smith(Ed.), Fictions.New York: Yale UP, 1978: 127-35.Magistrale, Tony.Wild Child: Jim Morrison’s Poetic Journeys.Journal of Popular Culture, 1992, 3: 133-44.Pikarsky, M.& Christensen, D.Urban Transportation Policy and Management.Boston: D.C.Heath, 1976.蓋淑華.英語專業學生詞匯附帶習得實證研究.外語教學與研究, 2003, 4: 282-286.梁正溜.英語教學.上海: 外語教育出版社, 1999.(注意事項：

1.英語為小四，中文為五號；行距1.5倍，條目先列英語后列中文, 英文作者先寫姓氏，加逗號后，再寫名字，名字后用句點, 英文和中文條目分別按作者姓氏英語首字母和漢語拼音首字母順序排列；中英文書名均不用書名號且英語書名為斜體；網址要需標注網上查閱資料日期；每一個條目如需占用兩行，第二行則退進四個空格；條目中的每項不同內容（包括結尾）均用句點分隔，出版社前有地點就標注地點，并用冒號隔開，出版社與年代之間用句點。相關內容參考“論文格式要求”中實例部分 2．文章中參考文獻文中注的引用出處格式：（作者姓，年代，頁碼）或（作者姓，年代）如：(Magistrale, 1992, p.142)(Pikarsky & Christensen, 1976))

本科畢業論文

Acknowledgments(四號加粗居中頂頁眉)

(空一行)I would like to thank my supervisor BBBB for her invaluable guidance, enthusiasm and support throughout the course of this work.I am also very grateful to CCCC for his helpful comments and insightful suggestions during the research and writing of this thesis.I would also like to thank DDDD for taking the time to be my external examiner.Many other people have helped and contributed their time to the research of this thesis.My thanks to EEEE, and FFFF for their invaluable comments and suggestions.I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude toward everyone in the English Department of AAA University, especially GGGG, HHHH, for their valuable suggestions and help in these two years of study as well as their friendship.Thanks to all the other friends I have made at AAA University for making my stay at AAA an enjoyable period of time.I will always be indebted to my family, especially my parents IIII and JJJJ.I would like to thank them for their support and confidence in me.My gratitude goes to everyone at home.This thesis would not have been possible without all their kindness and encouragement.(注意: 此文本僅供參考,各位同學應該依據實際情況寫出致謝！!如果仿寫,請注意紅色字體部分).