第一篇：英語翻譯作業

第二單元翻譯：

1、A MOOC(massive open online course)is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education.These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world.In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors.MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course;inspire people to “try on” subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself;provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal(多模式的)learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles;and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕課是一種網絡課程，它旨在通過網絡實現廣泛參與和開放接入。慕課是遠程教育邁出的最新一步，現已在高等教育領域迅速引領潮流。通過這些課程，大學可以擴大影響的范圍，從影響成千上萬住在城里付學費的學生，擴展到惠及全球上百萬的學生。除了擁有傳統的課程資料，慕課還給使用者提供互動論壇，支持學生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進參與者之間的交流，使得多種觀點、知識和技能涌現到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程，甚至是嘗試新的教育方式；它提供多種學習課程資料的方式，鼓勵多模式學習，以各種學習風格滿足學習者的需求；另外，慕課促進教學的改善，使技術在面對面授課中得以更好地應用。

2、近年來，隨著互聯網技術的發展，我國的數字化教育資源建設取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數字化學習的平臺，數字化教學在教育中發揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統教學方式相比，數字化教學方式有很大的優勢。一方面，數字化教學使教學資源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了學習者的學習時間和空間，人們可以隨時隨地通過互聯網進入數字化的虛擬學校學習。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學習成為可能。

In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.第三單元翻譯：As an important part of the American culture value system, “individualism” is admired by most American people.Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members.In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically.What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual.With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the choices.Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant.Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a strong effect on the family.作為美國文化價值體系的一個重要組成部分，“個人主義”受到大多數美國人的推崇。美國人認為家庭作為一個群體，其主要目的是促進家庭各成員的幸福。與許多其他文化相比，美國家庭成員的主要職責，不是在社會上或經濟上提高整個家庭的地位。人們通常認為，什么是對個人最好的要比什么是對家庭最好的更為重要。與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責任，因為所選擇的自由承載了責任，即必須接受自己的選擇所帶來的后果。許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由，因為他們希望孩子們能夠獨立和自力更生。在美國人強調個人自由的同時，父母與孩子間平等的信念也對美國家庭產生了巨大的影響。

孝道（filial piety）是中國古代社會的基本道德規范（code of ethics）。中國人把孝視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心，它成了中國社會千百年來維系家庭關系的道德準則。它毫無疑問是中華民族的一種傳統美德。孝道文化是一個復合概念，內容豐富，涉及面廣。它既有文化理念，又有制度禮儀（institutional etiquette）。一般來說，它指社會要求子女對父母應盡的義務，包括尊敬、關愛、贍養老人等等。孝道是古老的“東方文明”之根本。

Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society.Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being.With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years.It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue.The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range.It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes.Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth.Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization”.第四單元翻譯：

Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和歐洲各國都會慶祝2月14日的情人節。這是一個充滿愛情和浪漫的節日，戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物。關于這個節日的起源有著不同的說法。一個傳說是羅馬人把一個叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關進了監獄，因為他拒絕相信羅馬神。2月14日那天，瓦倫丁被處死，不僅因為他是基督徒，而且因為他曾治愈了一位監獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁”的告別信。后來，2月14日就成了一個人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節日。現在，人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節，他們發送賀卡、鮮花，贈送巧克力或其他禮品，或共進浪漫的晚餐。現在這個節日已流行世界各地。在中國，這個節日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。

農歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(Qixi Festival)，是中國傳統節日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動，年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此，七夕節被認為是中國的“情人節”(Valentine's Day)。七夕節來自牛郎與織女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的傳說。相傳，每年的這個夜晚，天上的織女都會與牛郎相會。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河（the Milky Way）相會。姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧，以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時代的變遷，這些活動正在消失，唯有標志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間

July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.第五單元翻譯：

The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century.It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies.Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World.European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth.This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history.European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other.大發現年代，也被稱為大勘探年代，是歐洲進行全球勘查的一個歷史時期，始于15世紀初并一直持續到18世紀。這一時期通常被認為是中世紀和近代之間的橋梁，當時西方帝國主義剛興起，歐洲各王國之間正在經濟上互相競爭，他們想通過建立貿易路線和殖民地來尋找財富。在這一時期眾多偉大的探險家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗?哥倫布，因為他發現了新大陸。歐洲的海外擴張導致了殖民帝國的崛起，舊大陸與新大陸的接觸也促成了兩邊的互相交換：大量的植物、動物、食物、文化等得到遷移。這代表了歷史上生態、農業和文化在全球范圍內最重大的活動之一。歐洲大勘探讓繪制全球性的世界地圖成為可能，從而使人們看到一個新的世界與古老的文明正遙相呼應

絲綢之路（Silk Road）是我國古代一條連接中國和歐亞大陸（Eurasia）的交通線路，由于這條商路以絲綢貿易為主，故稱“絲綢之路”。作為國際貿易的通道和文化交流的橋梁，絲綢之路有效地促進了東西方經濟文化交流和發展，對世界文明進程有著深遠影響。當前，在新的歷史條件下，我國提出了“一帶一路”（One Belt, One Road）（即“絲綢之路經濟帶”和“21世紀海上絲綢之路”）的戰略構想。“一帶一路”以合作共贏為核心，強調相關各國的互利共贏和共同發展。這一戰略一經提出即受到沿線各國的積極響應。

The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia.This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”.As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization.Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road”(namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road).The strategy of “One Belt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries.Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.

第二篇：英語翻譯作業

3.Dividends and taxes，P10-11,翁秀芳

4.Agency relationships and dividend policy，P26-27宋亞鈴

4.3-4.4 P31-32王環

4.3Conflicts of interest between stockholders and other senior claimholders；+4.4Ownership versus control and the dividend decision，5.Asymmetric information and payout policy，P36-38張曉蕾

5.3.Empirical evidence on signaling，P42-44 甘德龍

6.Share repurchases，P44-45 王雙紅

6.1.Empirical evidence on share repurchases，P45-47劉俊偉 Chapter 12：Introduction，P137-139鄧玲玲

2.1.Kinds of theories：P139-140高延歌

2.2.The Modigliani-Miller theorem，P140-141 趙利

2.4.The pecking order theory，P150-151 袁中華

3.2.1.Leverage definition and other econometric issues，P171-173 祝瑾

3.2.2.Leverage factors+3.2.2.2.Leverage and firm size，P173-174，曾暉

3.2.2.3.Leverage and tangibility of assets+ 3.2.2.6.Leverage and expected inflation，P175-176 胡潔瓊

3.2.3.Debt conservatism，P177-178 馬培

3.3.Studies of leverage changes + 3.3.1.Tests of the pecking order，P179 韓靜

4.Conclusion，P194-195 胡玥

Ch.13: 1.Introduction，P205-207 卓雅心

3.The determinants of capital structure choice，P208-209 楊利偉

4.Conclusion，P231-232萬光寶

第三篇：英語翻譯作業

水電與數字化工程學院水電1202班 查港

作業二

在炎熱難耐的夏天，當清爽的涼風不再光顧北京，胡連群很隨意地卷起T恤衫，晾出大肚皮。他們被稱為“膀爺”，即“光膀子的男子”（不管年齡多大）。在炎熱的季節，“膀爺” 似乎無處不在：在商業區內昂首闊步、在公園里下棋、在動物園里牽著小孩的手，在熙熙攘攘的街巷穿行。

譯文：

In a sweltering summer, there is not cool wind in Beijing, Hu Lianqun optionally rolls up his shirt and expose his belly.they are called “Bang ye”which are the men who exposed arms or bellies regardless of their age.in the hot weather,they seem to be everywhere:striding in business

district,playing chess in parks, holding children's hands at the zoo and walking in crowded streets.總結：

（1）寒風光顧北京the refreshing breezes desert the city，更加準確和適合，而且生動，我的翻譯 there is not cool wind in Beijing，比較死板，當時不知道怎么翻譯

（2）即“光膀子的男子”（不管年齡多大），我翻譯成從句which are the men who exposed arms or bellies regardless of their age，自己覺得總少點什么，感覺有點堆積，譯文（men with their arms or bellies exposed regardless of their age)，用詞更急準確。

（3）在熙熙攘攘的街巷穿行。negotiating crowded alleyways，簡約自然walking in crowded streets.有些生硬

（4）街巷alleyways

作業三

夏末回到倫敦，突然聽到霍克思先生去世的消息，悵惘不已。霍克斯是牛津大學一位中國古代文學學者，他把中國人最喜歡的古典文學作品之一《紅樓夢》（他譯成《石頭記》）翻譯成了英文，并因此而成名。（A Dream of Red Mansionsor The Story of the Stone, as he

translated it）

The last time I saw him was on a warm afternoon in April, I called on him at his home which is a common two-floor house in Oxford, Coming out of a narrow passageway, he greeted me with both hands held together to his chest and smelling in the traditional Chinese way: “ Welcome to my common home” in classic Chinese,liking an Chinese old man.總結：

（1）聽到先生去世，learn of the passing of David Hawkes，重點在去世，把握的很好，而我的則是有些普通

（2）4月的一個下午，陽光充滿暖意，a warm, sunny afternoon last April，充滿美感，應該說更加貼切原文，我把陽光翻譯掉了。

（3）一座很不起眼二層小樓a commonplace two-storey house easily missed when passing by，而我的翻譯是 a common two-floor house，覺得自己的翻譯更好，更加貼切，只是common總感覺有點不合適，但是用原文的翻譯，有感覺有點拖拉

（4）標準的普通話，應該是說他的普通話很標準很好，所以譯作in perfect Chinese更好

第四篇：英語翻譯作業

1.你不要腳踏兩只船。

If you run after hares, you will catch neither.2.苦盡甘來。

After rain comes sunshine.3.為人不做虧心事，半夜不怕鬼敲門

A good conscience is a soft pillow.4.年歲不好，柴米又貴；這幾件舊衣服和舊家伙，當的當了，賣的賣了；只靠著我替人家做些針線活尋來的錢，如何供得你讀書？

Times are hard, and fuel and rice are expensive.Our old clothes and our few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.We have nothing to live on but what I make by sewing.How can I pay for your schooling?

第五篇：英語翻譯作業

精品欣賞

進取的幸福

【中文】正是因為不停地追求進取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來，如此連綿不絕，永無止境。對于往前看的人來說，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于鎖事且生命短暫，但我們生來就有不盡的希望，如天上繁星，遙不可及。只要生命猶在，希望便會不止。真正的幸福在于怎樣開始，而不是如何結束，在于我們的希翼，而并非擁有。

【英文】We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series.There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.四級翻譯練習中國是舞龍舞獅的起源地。自問世以來，舞龍、舞獅運動一直受到各個民族人民的喜愛，代代相傳，長久不衰，并因此形成了燦爛的舞龍舞獅文化。長期以來，很多青年朋友都以為龍舞、獅舞就是春節、廟會、慶典時的喜慶表演，殊不知它歷經了幾千年的傳承流變，積淀了深厚的歷史文化，是祖先留給我們的極其寶貴的文化遺產。

核心詞提示：

舞龍：the Dragon Dance舞獅：Lion Dance春節：Spring Festival廟會：Spring Festival fairs

六級翻譯練習

旗袍，是中國女性的傳統服裝，源于中國滿族女性的傳統服裝。因為滿族人被稱為“旗人”，所以滿族人的長袍被稱為“旗袍”。到了20世紀20年代，受西方服飾的影響，經過改進之后的旗袍逐漸在廣大婦女中流行起來。在中國，很多女性都喜歡穿旗袍。結婚的時候，新娘不僅要訂做一件中式旗袍作為結婚禮服，還要穿著漂亮的旗袍照一套婚紗照，作為永久的紀念。對于中國的女明星們而言，旗袍也成為她們參加各種重要活動的首選禮服。

核心詞提示：

旗袍：Cheongsam

滿族：Manchu

旗人：bannerman