第一篇：英語翻譯

Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world.A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations.Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too.Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels.The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution.中國是世界上最大的煤炭生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國。大約 78% 的電力、60% 的民用商品能源以及 70% 的化工原料均靠煤。煤的直接燃燒是中國最重要的人為空氣污染源。

中國摩托車的生產(chǎn)占世界第一，汽車生產(chǎn)占世界第 11 位。盡管用車的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于發(fā)達(dá)國家，但國產(chǎn)車每公里排放的空氣污染物卻是歐洲車的 3 到 5 倍。因?yàn)橹袊鞘械牡缆废到y(tǒng)設(shè)施低劣，城區(qū)的車速比發(fā)達(dá)國家低得多。道路面積只占上海市總面積的 3.6%，而東京則占總面積的 14.1%。

中國汽車數(shù)目將在未來十五年內(nèi)躍升四倍，所以融合最新技術(shù)的智能汽車將成為解決中國空氣污染和能源問題的關(guān)鍵。

根據(jù)中國國家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局資料，到二零零六年，在道路上行駛的汽車預(yù)計(jì)將增加到三千三百萬輛，到二零二零年更將跳升至一億三千一百萬輛，由此可能引發(fā)的空氣污染和能源短缺問題實(shí)在不容忽視。

1997 年，中國工業(yè)煙塵排放量達(dá) 684.6萬t，工業(yè)粉塵排放量為 548.4萬t，其中鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)占了很大比例。

建筑工地和拆遷工地以及機(jī)動(dòng)車夾帶的道路揚(yáng)塵是逸散塵的重要來源。中國北方由于植被被破壞（包括毀林、墾荒和草原過度放牧）形成的沙塵暴也是不可忽視的污染源，尤其是春季。

城市垃圾和郊區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的焚燒也是空氣污染的一個(gè)潛在污染源，會(huì)散發(fā)二惡英（dioxins）、多環(huán)芳烴等致癌物。

空氣污染造成諸多方面的損失

中國城市空氣污染造成的損失主要包括：室外與室內(nèi)空氣污染造成的健康損失（尤其是慢性支氣管炎）、酸沉降引起的作物與森林的損失、材料腐蝕、顆粒物中高的鉛含量導(dǎo)致兒童的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷與智力下降。世界銀行 1997 年發(fā)表的結(jié)果指出，中國空氣污染導(dǎo)致較高的日死亡率。空氣污染超標(biāo)帶來的損失--包括提前死亡、患病、生產(chǎn)資料及城市建筑的損失，按人力資源的算法估計(jì)占 GDP 的 2.9%。

中國衛(wèi)生部已認(rèn)定慢性障礙性的呼吸道疾病是中國前導(dǎo)的死因之一，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)占死亡的 1/4 以上。

減緩空氣污染采取的主要措施

減緩空氣污染措施首要是由燃煤改為燃?xì)猓òㄌ烊粴狻⒚簹夂鸵夯蜌猓⒓泄嵋约八Πl(fā)電等。中國城市內(nèi)已有 1.47 億居民炊事用上了燃?xì)猓鞘袃?nèi)用氣普及率達(dá)到 75.7%。

減少機(jī)動(dòng)車排污的技術(shù)措施主要有禁用含鉛汽油，汽車安裝催化轉(zhuǎn)化箱，新車裝電噴系統(tǒng)等。北京、上海、重慶、哈爾濱，已經(jīng)改裝了 300 到 5000 輛公共汽車，使用天然氣或液化石油氣作燃料。北京有不少出租車改為兩用燃料。科技部及 UNDP 還支持燃料電池車的示范。

北京等大城市必須控制人口

最值得注意的是，城市人口的驟增，更加重了都市的空氣污染，它需要額外的能耗，包括為發(fā)電耗費(fèi)更多的煤和為機(jī)動(dòng)車提供更多的油。都市化過程帶來 6%～7% 的年均人口增長(zhǎng)率，導(dǎo)致郊區(qū)新住宅區(qū)的出現(xiàn)和新建的燃煤供熱鍋爐和為數(shù)眾多的建筑工地。這些建筑工地缺乏有效的揚(yáng)塵/逸塵的控制措施。這些人為的活動(dòng)抵消了家庭能源從煤改成到氣體燃料帶來的環(huán)境改善。北京市政府近兩年來花費(fèi)很多財(cái)力和人力，采取 93 項(xiàng)緊急措施，在市區(qū)進(jìn)一步將炊事用煤改用天然氣，取暖改為集中供熱，并將工廠搬往郊區(qū)縣。但北京市總的耗煤量并沒有減少太多。1999 年北京全市包括郊區(qū)縣，煤消耗量仍然有 1600萬t。在城鄉(xiāng)交接地區(qū)出現(xiàn)更多的低矮新污染源。由于大氣擴(kuò)散和熱島效應(yīng)，二氧化硫與細(xì)小顆粒物仍然能擴(kuò)散到市區(qū)，影響市區(qū)空氣質(zhì)量。1999 年北京長(zhǎng)期居住的外來人口達(dá) 180 萬，大多數(shù)打工人口居住在城鄉(xiāng)交接地。他們炊事沒有煤氣天然氣，取暖用煤爐，為數(shù)眾多的小煤爐并沒有消滅。控制城市人口是必要的。

為達(dá)到空氣更好、天更藍(lán)、水更綠的目標(biāo)，北京大致進(jìn)行了五方面的工作。第一，改善北京的能源結(jié)構(gòu)，從燒煤為主到燒天然氣，引進(jìn)陜甘天然氣第二條管線正在鋪設(shè)；第二，對(duì)嚴(yán)重的污染性企業(yè)下決心進(jìn)行搬遷并在搬遷過程當(dāng)中進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造，如首鋼已將相當(dāng)一部分廠區(qū)搬遷至河北省，并在此過程中進(jìn)行了技術(shù)改造，減少了污染；第三，對(duì)北京的汽車尾氣排放實(shí)行嚴(yán)于國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，目前實(shí)行的是歐洲二號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，明年將實(shí)行歐洲三號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的尾氣排放；第四，將北京市四環(huán)以內(nèi)的所有燒煤爐更替為燒電、氣，減少污染；第五，開展大規(guī)模的綠化、美化、植樹造林等工作，使北京生態(tài)環(huán)境更加良好，使北京居民的生活質(zhì)量有所提高。

另外，調(diào)整能源收費(fèi)價(jià)格，抑制劣質(zhì)煤的使用；調(diào)整排污收費(fèi)，提高企業(yè)治理污染的積極性；提高公眾、尤其是官員關(guān)注空氣質(zhì)量的意識(shí)和自覺性、加強(qiáng)環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)培訓(xùn)等，都是應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行的工作。盡管中國正在通過控制工業(yè)污染來放緩空氣質(zhì)量惡化的速度，而對(duì)汽車的狂熱卻在妨礙對(duì)污染狀況做進(jìn)一步的改善。

中國國家環(huán)保總局污染控制司的副司長(zhǎng)李新民說，目前中國的公路上有2700萬輛汽車，而且，每年都有400-500萬輛新的轎車或卡車加入這一行列。過去20年，中國的年均經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)達(dá)到了9.4%，為了滿足工業(yè)生產(chǎn)對(duì)電力的需求，煤炭供應(yīng)需要穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。中國能源的67%來源于煤炭。為了跟上需求，中國的煤炭生產(chǎn)者所提供的煤炭質(zhì)量在下降，污染性越來越大。他說，中國目前生產(chǎn)的煤炭的含硫量已經(jīng)達(dá)到了1%，更多的硫被釋放到空氣中。

二氧化硫是一種主要的污染物，是造成全球變暖的溫室氣體之一。以目前的趨勢(shì)發(fā)展，到2025年，中國將超越美國而成為世界最大的溫室氣體排放國。

大氣污染源可分為自然的和人為的兩大類。自然污染源是由于自然原因（如火山爆發(fā)，森林火災(zāi)等）而形成，人為污染源是由于人們從事生產(chǎn)和生活活動(dòng)而形成。在人為污染源中，又可分為固定的（如煙囪、工業(yè)排氣筒）和移動(dòng)的（如汽車、火車、飛機(jī)、輪船）兩種。由于人為污染源普通和經(jīng)常地存在，所以比起自然污染源來更為人們所密切關(guān)注。大氣主要污染源有：

⑴ 工業(yè)企業(yè) 工業(yè)企業(yè)是大氣污染的主要來源，也是大氣衛(wèi)生防護(hù)工作的重點(diǎn)之一。隨著工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，大氣污染物的種類和數(shù)量日益增多。由于工業(yè)企業(yè)的性質(zhì)、規(guī)模、工藝過程、原料和產(chǎn)品種類等不同，其對(duì)大氣污染的程度也不同。

⑵ 生活爐灶與采暖鍋爐 在居住區(qū)里，隨著人口的集中，大量的民用生活爐灶和采暖鍋爐也需要耗用大量的煤炭，特別在冬季采暖時(shí)間，往往使受污染地區(qū)煙霧彌漫，這也是一種不容忽視的大氣污染源。

⑶ 交通運(yùn)輸近幾十年來，由于交通運(yùn)輸事業(yè)的發(fā)展，城市行駛的汽車日益增多，火車、輪船、飛機(jī)等客貨運(yùn)輸頻繁，這些又給城市增加了新的大氣污染源。其中具有重要意義的是汽車排出的廢氣。汽車污染大氣的特點(diǎn)是排出的污染物距人們的呼吸帶很近，能直接被人吸入。汽車內(nèi)燃機(jī)排出的廢氣中主要含有一氧化碳、氮氧化物、烴類（碳?xì)浠衔铮U化合物等。

（二）大氣污染的危害與影響 大氣污染對(duì)人類及其生存環(huán)境造成的危害與影響，已逐漸為人們所認(rèn)識(shí)，歸結(jié)起來有如下幾個(gè)方面： ①對(duì)人體健康的危害。人體受害有三條途徑，即吸入污染空氣、表面皮膚接觸污染 空氣和食入含大氣污染物的食物，除可引起呼吸道和肺部疾病外，還可對(duì)心血管系統(tǒng)、肝等產(chǎn)生危害，嚴(yán)重的可奪去人的生命。②對(duì)生物的危害。動(dòng)物因吸入污染空氣或吃含污染物食物而發(fā)病或死亡，大氣污染 物可使植物抗病力下降、影響生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、葉面產(chǎn)生傷斑或枯萎死亡。③對(duì)物品的危害。如對(duì)紡織衣物、皮革、金屬制品、建筑材料、文化藝術(shù)品等，造 成化學(xué)性損害和玷污損害。④造成酸性降雨，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)、淡水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)等產(chǎn)生不利影響。⑤破壞高空臭氧層，形成臭氧空洞，對(duì)人類和生物的生存環(huán)境產(chǎn)生危害。⑥對(duì)全球氣候產(chǎn)生影響，如二氧化碳等溫室氣體的增多會(huì)導(dǎo)致地球大氣增曖，導(dǎo)致 全球天氣災(zāi)害增多，又如煙塵等氣溶膠粒子增多，使大氣混濁度增加，減弱太陽輻射，影響地球長(zhǎng)波輻射，可能導(dǎo)致天氣氣候異常。如何防治大氣污染，減輕大氣污染的危害與影響，構(gòu)成了當(dāng)今重大而緊迫的研究課題。China is the world's largest coal producer and consumer.About 78% of its electricity, 78% of civil commercial energy, as well as 70% of the chemical raw materials, are rely on coal.The direct combustion of coal is the most important human of air pollution in China.China's production of the world's first motorcycle, car production accounts for the 11th in the world.Although the number of cars is far lower than developed countries, but domestic emissions of air pollutants per kilometer is 3 to 5 times of European cars.Because of China's urban poor road system facilities, the city speed is much lower than the developed countries.Road area accounts for only 3.6% of the total area of Shanghai, while Tokyo accounts for 14.1% of the total area.China's car number four times will jump over the next 15 years, so the fusion of the latest technology smart cars will be the key to solve the problem of China's air pollution and energy.According to the state environmental protection administration of China, by 2006, on the road is expected to increase to thirty-three million cars, more will jump to one hundred and thirty-one million to one hundred and thirty-one million, which may cause air pollution and energy shortage problem is not allow to ignore.In 1997, China's industrial soot emissions of 6.846 million t, industrial dust emissions for 5.484 million t, the township enterprises accounted for a large proportion.Construction and demolition construction site and the entrainment of motor vehicle road is an important source of dust from dust.In northern China due to the destruction of vegetation(including deforestation, land reclamation and overgrazing grassland)formation of sandstorm is also an important pollution source, especially in spring.Urban garbage and suburban agricultural waste incineration is also a potential sources of pollution, air pollution will send out the dioxin(dioxins)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons carcinogenic substance.Air pollution cause loss of many aspects The loss caused by air pollution in cities of China mainly includes: outdoor and indoor air pollution cause health damage(especially chronic bronchitis), the crops and forest loss caused by acid deposition, material corrosion, particles of high lead levels in children of neurological damage and reduced IQ.The world bank published in 1997, points out that the result of the China air pollution leads to higher mortality.Excess air pollution losses-including premature death, illness, production data and the loss of urban construction, according to human resources algorithm estimated at 2.9% of GDP.China's ministry of health has identified chronic obstructive respiratory disease is one of the leading causes of death in China, according to statistics, accounts for more than a quarter of death.The main measures to slow the air pollution Slow down air pollution measures first is from coal to gas(including natural gas, coal gas and liquefied petroleum gas), central heating, hydroelectric power, etc.China has 147 million residents in the city cooking using gas, gas within urban tele-density to 75.7%.The main technical measures to reduce the motor vehicle emission has banned leaded gasoline, automobile catalytic converter box installed, new car efi system and so on.Beijing, Shanghai, chongqing, Harbin, has been converted from 300 to 5000 bus, use natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas as fuel.Beijing has many taxi to dual fuel.Ministry of science and technology and demonstration of UNDP also supports fuel-cell cars.Big cities such as Beijing must control population is the most notable is, the urban population surge, is adding to the urban air pollution, it needs additional energy consumption, including coal for power generation cost more and more fuel for motor vehicles.Urbanization process bring 6% ~ 7% of the average annual population growth rate, lead to the emergence of new residential suburb and the new coal heating boilers and a large number of construction site.The lack of effective construction site dust/escape dust control measures.These human activities to offset the household energy from coal to gas fuel to the environment improvement.The Beijing municipal government spent a lot of money and manpower in the past two years, 93 emergency measures, the city will further cooking coal to gas, heating instead of central heating, and the factory moved to suburban county.But the total coal consumption of Beijing does not reduce too much.1999 Beijing including suburban county in the city, there are still 16 million t coal consumption.In the transition area between urban and rural areas have more low new pollution sources.Due to atmospheric diffusion and heat island effect, sulfur dioxide and fine particulate matter still can spread to the city, urban air quality.Long-term living in Beijing in 1999 the foreign population of 1.8 million, most of the working population living in urban and rural transition.They are not cooking gas, natural gas, heating stove, a large number of small coal stove does not.It is necessary to control the urban population.To achieve better air, day more blue, water is more green targets, Beijing for roughly five aspects.First, improve the energy structure of Beijing, mainly from burning coal to burning gas, introduced but so do dungans second pipeline of natural gas are laying;Second of all, the serious polluting enterprises and determined to be moved in the moving process of technical renovation, such as shougang has quite a number of factory moved to hebei province, and technical innovation in the process, reduce the pollution;Third, on vehicle emissions in Beijing implements the strict in the standard of national emission standards, current practice is the European ii standards, next year will be 3 standards emissions in Europe;Fourth, will all within Beijing sihuan burn coal stove for electricity, gas burning, reduce pollution;Fifth, large-scale afforestation and beautification, the afforestation work, make more good ecological environment in Beijing, Beijing residents' quality of life improved.In addition, the adjustment of energy price, inhibit the use of inferior coal;Adjust the pollution charge, boost the enthusiasm of the corporate governance of pollution;Public officials, especially pay attention to air quality awareness and consciousness, strengthen environmental economic training, etc., are all should carry out the work.Although China is through the control of industrial pollution to slow down the speed of deterioration of air quality, and enthusiasm about cars is to prevent pollution condition for further improvement.Deputy director general of China's state environmental protection administration in the department of pollution control, 'he said at present China's 27 million vehicles on the road, and, every year there are 400-5 million new cars or trucks into this category.Over the past 20 years, China's annual economic growth reached 9.4%, in order to meet the needs of industrial production of electricity, coal supply needs stable growth.67% of China's energy comes from coal.In order to keep up with demand, China's coal producers provided by a decline in coal quality, pollution is more and more big.He said that China's current production of the coal sulfur content has reached 1%, more sulfur is released into the air.Sulfur dioxide is one of the main pollutants, is one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.On current trends, by 2025, China will overtake the United States to become the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases.Air pollution can be divided into two categories, natural and man-made.Nature of pollution sources is due to natural reasons(such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires, etc.)and form, man-made pollution is formed due to the people engaged in production and life activities.In man-made pollution sources, and can be divided into fixed(e.g., chimney, industrial vent)and moving(e.g., cars, trains, planes, ships)two kinds.Because artificial pollution common and frequently, so compared to natural sources more people pay close attention to.Atmospheric main pollution sources include:(1)industrial business industry enterprise is the main source of atmospheric pollution, is also the emphasis of health protection work atmosphere.With the rapid development of industry, the amount and type of air pollutants are increasing.Due to the nature of the industrial enterprise, scale, technological process, raw material and product category is different, its degree of air pollution are also different.2 life stoves and heating boiler In residential areas, with the concentration of population, a large number of civilian life also need to cost a lot of coal stoves and heating boiler, especially in the time of heating in winter, often make the contaminated area smoke, this is also a kind of atmospheric pollution nots allow to ignore.(3)the transportation in recent decades, due to the development of transportation, urban driving cars is increasing, trains, ships, aircraft and other passenger and cargo transport frequently, these to add to the new urban atmospheric pollution sources.Which is of great significance is car exhaust fumes.Car is the characteristics of the atmospheric pollution discharge of the pollutants from people with breathing very close, can directly be inhaled.Automobile exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine mainly contains carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons(hydrocarbons), such as lead compounds.(2)the harm of air pollution and the influence of air pollution on human and environment caused by the harm and influence, has gradually been recognized, in the aggregate, has the following several aspects:(1)the harm to human health.Human suffering has three, pollute the air, surface skin contact with the air inhaled and eating food containing atmospheric pollutants, besides can cause respiratory and lung diseases, but also on the cardiovascular system, liver, etc, serious can take away the life.(2)the harm of biological.Animals because of the inhaled air pollution or eat foods containing pollutants and morbidity or mortality, atmospheric pollution content can make the plant disease resistance drop, influence the growth, leaf injury spot wither or die.(3)the harm of items.Such as the textile clothing, leather, metal products, construction materials, culture, art, etc., made into chemical damage and defiled damage.(4)cause acidic precipitation, such as agriculture, forestry, fresh water aquaculture.(5)destroys the high-altitude ozone layer, ozone hole formation, cause harm to human and biological survival environment.6.Impact on the global climate, such as the increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will cause the earth's atmosphere warms, lead to increased global weather disasters, and aerosol particles such as smoke, increase the atmospheric turbidity, solar radiation, affect the longwave radiation, the earth, may lead to abnormal weather climate.How to prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, reduce the harm of air pollution and influence, constitute a major and urgent research subject.防治大氣污染是一個(gè)龐大的系統(tǒng)工程,需要個(gè)人、集體、國家、乃至全球各國的共同努力，可考慮采取如下幾方面措施： ①減少污染物排放量。多采用無污染能源（如太陽能、風(fēng)能、水力發(fā)電）、改革能 源結(jié)構(gòu)，用低污染能源（如天然氣）、對(duì)燃料進(jìn)行預(yù)處理（如燒煤前，先進(jìn)行脫硫）、改進(jìn)燃燒技術(shù)等均可減少排污量。另外，在污染物未進(jìn)入大氣之前，使用除塵消煙技 術(shù)、冷凝技術(shù)、液體吸收技術(shù)、回收處理技術(shù)等消除廢氣中的部分污染物，可減少進(jìn) 入大氣的污染物數(shù)量。②控制排放和充分利用大氣自凈能力。氣象條件不同，大氣對(duì)污染物的容量便不同，排入同樣數(shù)量的污染物，造成的污染物濃度便不同。對(duì)于風(fēng)力大、通風(fēng)好、湍流盛、對(duì)流強(qiáng)的地區(qū)和時(shí)段，大氣擴(kuò)散稀釋能力強(qiáng)，可接受較多廠礦企業(yè)地逆溫的地區(qū)和時(shí) 段，大氣擴(kuò)散稀釋能力弱，便不能接受較多的污染物，否則會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重大氣污染。因 此應(yīng)對(duì)不同地區(qū)、不同時(shí)段進(jìn)行排放量的有效控制。③廠址選擇、煙囪設(shè)計(jì)、城區(qū)與工業(yè)區(qū)規(guī)劃等要合理，不要排放大戶過渡集中，不 要造成重復(fù)迭加污染，形成局地嚴(yán)重污染事件發(fā)生。④ 綠化造林，使有更多植物吸收污染物，減輕大氣污染程度。Prevention and control of atmospheric pollution is a huge system engineering, need to be individual and collective, national, and global joint efforts of all countries, can consider to take measures in the following aspects:(1)to reduce emissions.Use more pollution-free energy(such as solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power), reform can source structure, with low pollution energy(such as natural gas), pretreatment of fuel(such as coal desulfurization)before, such as improving combustion technology can reduce emissions.In addition, before the pollutants into the atmosphere not use dust smoke abatement technology, condensing technology, liquid absorption technology, recycling technology to eliminate some pollutants in the exhaust, and can reduce the amount of pollutants into the atmosphere.(2)to curb emissions and make full use of atmospheric self-purification ability.Different meteorological conditions, the capacity of the atmospheric pollutants, into the same amount of pollutants, the pollutant concentration was different.For wind, good ventilation, turbulence, strong convection area and time, atmospheric diffusion dilution ability is strong, can accept more corporations inversion region and period, atmospheric diffusion dilution ability is weak, cannot accept more pollutants, otherwise it will cause serious air pollution.Because of the response to different regions, different times for the effective control of emissions.(3)site selection, design of chimney, urban and industrial planning should be reasonable, don't emitters transition, not to cause repeated superposition pollution, formation of local serious pollution incident.(4)greening afforestation, make more plants absorb pollutants, reduce atmospheric pollution.監(jiān)督supervision Supervise ① 溫室效應(yīng)：大氣中的CO2和其他微量氣體如甲烷、一氧化碳、臭氧、氟氯碳（CFCS）、水蒸氣等可以使太陽短波輻射幾乎無衰減的通過,但卻可以吸收地表的長(zhǎng)波輻射,由此引起全球氣溫升高的現(xiàn)象,稱為“溫室效應(yīng)”.二氧化碳是最重要的溫室氣體.② 臭氧層破壞：O3層具有強(qiáng)烈吸收太陽紫外線的功能,從而保護(hù)地球上各種生命的存在、繁衍和發(fā)展.氟氯碳、NOX等物質(zhì)是導(dǎo)致其破壞的主要原因.greenhouse effect of CO2 from the atmosphere and other trace gases such as methane, carbon monoxide and ozone, carbon chlorofluorocarbons(CFCS), water vapor can make the sun shortwave radiation almost no attenuation through, but it can absorb long-wave radiation on the surface of the earth, thus caused the phenomenon of global temperatures, referred to as the “greenhouse effect”.Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gas.(2)the ozone depletion, O3 layer has strong absorption of the sun's ultraviolet function, thus protecting the existence of a variety of life on the earth, the reproduction and development.Materials such as carbon fluorine chlorine, NOX is a major cause of lead to its destruction.法制，監(jiān)督教育

第二篇：英語翻譯[模版]

Unit 1

1.被警察詢問時(shí)，杰夫極力保持冷靜，沉著地回答每個(gè)問題。

Jeff tried to keep his composure and answer every question calmly when inquired by the policeman.2.油價(jià)不斷上漲，世界各國都不同程度地受到了影響。

With oil prices keeping on increasing, all the countries in the world have been affected(in)one way or another.3.他在會(huì)上提出了一系列可能避免環(huán)境污染的措施。

At the meeting he proposed a series of measures that might ward off the environmental pollution.4.邁克向他父親保證他一定會(huì)全身心投入到即將到來的比賽上。

Mike assured his father that he would put his whole heart into the coming competition.5.一旦瑪麗下定決心，就絕不會(huì)動(dòng)搖。

Mary will never waver once she makes up her mind.Unit 3

1.天氣驟然變壞，尋找傷員的工作要加緊進(jìn)行。

Efforts to reach the injured men should be intensified because of the sudden deterioration in weather conditions.2.有些人可能沉溺于網(wǎng)上沖浪，這會(huì)危害他們的身心健康。

Some people may be addicted to net surfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.3.地球和它表面的一切，不管是有生命的還是沒有生命的，相互作用來影響我們的生活。

The Earth and everything on it, living and nonliving, interact to exert influence on the life we have.4.窮人和殘疾人依靠政府的救濟(jì)維持生計(jì)。

Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.5.到目前為止，還沒有跡象表明人們對(duì)此品牌感到疲倦。So far there is no sign of fatigue with the brand.Unit 4

1.在一個(gè)沒有為高溫炎熱做好準(zhǔn)備的國家，這是緊急事件。

In a country that is not equipped for severe heat, this is an emergency.2.房間里鬧哄哄的，他不得不豎起耳朵來聽電話。

It was so noisy in the room that he had to pull his ears to hear the phone.3.這是一項(xiàng)令人興奮的工作，但有幾分危險(xiǎn)。This is an exciting job, but kind of dangerous.4.很難預(yù)測(cè)這些事情的結(jié)果是什么。

It is hard to predict how these things will turn out.5.誰也不知道怎么辦。即使知道也將會(huì)是摸著石頭過河。

Nobody knows how to figure them out.Even if somebody seems to know, it is still “crossing a river by feeling for the stones”.Unit 6

1.他用冷漠的態(tài)度面對(duì)別人的侮辱。

He reacted to the insult by acting as cold as ice.2.在生活中，有原則的人寧愿死得有尊嚴(yán)也不愿茍且偷生。

In life, a man of principle prefers to die with dignity instead of living in disgrace.3.幾個(gè)警察不得不護(hù)送這位裁判離開足球場(chǎng)。

Several policemen had to escort the referee from the football field.4.她總覺得自己受制于人。

She always has the feeling that she is being manipulated.5.萬一有特殊情況，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該向警察求助。

In case of exceptional circumstances, students should turn to the police for help.

第三篇：英語翻譯

精讀Unit1 1)Mrs.Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.史密斯太太對(duì)我抱怨說，她經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)與自己十六歲的女兒簡(jiǎn)直無法溝通。2)I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.我堅(jiān)信，閱讀簡(jiǎn)寫的英文小說是擴(kuò)大我們?cè)~匯量的一種輕松愉快的方法。

3)I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.我認(rèn)為我們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境不受污染方面還做得不夠。4)Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.除了每周寫作文外，我們的英語老師還給我們布置了八本書在暑假里閱讀。

5)We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.我們從可靠的消息來源獲悉下學(xué)期一位以英語為母語的人將要教我們英語口語。

6)Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.經(jīng)常看英語電影不僅會(huì)提高你的聽力，而且還會(huì)幫助你培養(yǎng)說的技能。

7)If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me.And I’ll explain them in greater detail.如果你們對(duì)這些學(xué)習(xí)策略有什么問題，請(qǐng)隨便問我。我將更詳細(xì)地進(jìn)行講解。8)The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese.That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.那個(gè)加拿大女孩善于抓住每個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)講漢語。這就是她為什么三年不到就熟練地掌握了漢語口語的原因。

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精讀Unit4 1)To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn't mind。

接受這份工作就得經(jīng)常在周末上班，但約翰并不在意。2)It is well known that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much.眾所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸煙過多而引起的。3)My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood.我祖父母說，發(fā)明電視的那個(gè)人曾住在他們那個(gè)地段。

4)I propose that we go to find Prof.Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening。

我提議咱們會(huì)后馬上去辦公室找史密斯教授，邀請(qǐng)他參加我們的英語晚會(huì)。

5)Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up.她因那病開過兩次刀，身體十分虛弱，幾乎站不起來。

6)Educators think that the generation growing up with television spends so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study.教育家們認(rèn)為，伴隨著電視機(jī)長(zhǎng)大的一代人，在電視機(jī)前花的時(shí)間太多，以致沒有足夠的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)了。

7)I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this one.我真希望你能拿出一個(gè)比這更好的解決辦法來。

8)At first glance the picture didn't look very good, but after examining it carefully, we found that it was indeed a masterpiece.乍一看，這幅畫并不好，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)觀察，我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)它的確是一幅杰作。

精讀Unit6 1)It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a

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flood.據(jù)報(bào)道，那條鐵路曾因洪水而停止修建。2)The strike resulted in the management's accepting the workers' demands.罷工結(jié)果，資方接受了工人的要求。3)The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions.煤礦工人們決定為爭(zhēng)取更好的工作條件舉行罷工。

4)I'd like very much to buy the English dictionary.Unfortunately, I haven't got enough money on me.我很想買這本英文詞典，遺憾的是我身上帶的錢不夠。

5)I'd like to talk over with you about the English translation of the article before sending it to Mr.Hobbs.我想先和你討論一下這篇文章的英譯稿，然后再把它寄給霍布斯先生。

6)The foreign expert hopes to achieve all his aims in three years.那位外國專家希望在三年內(nèi)達(dá)到所有的目標(biāo)。

7)What do you think a scientist must do in order to keep up with the latest developments in his field? 一個(gè)科學(xué)家要跟上本領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)展，你認(rèn)為必須做些什么?

8)The author thinks that if excellent workers get frequent pay increases and promotions, they will have greater incentive to produce.作者認(rèn)為，如果優(yōu)秀工人經(jīng)常得到加薪和提拔，他們就會(huì)有更大的生產(chǎn)積極性。

精讀unit9 1)Gases such as carbon monoxide, emitted by factories and automobiles, have seriously polluted the atmosphere.工廠和汽車排出的一氧化碳一類氣體嚴(yán)重污染了大氣。

2)The industrial engineer's letter indicates that he doubts the feasibility of the plan.那位工業(yè)管理工程師的來信表明，他對(duì)該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃是否可行有懷疑。3)Many parents in the United States set aside a fund for their children's

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education before they are born.在美國，許多父母在孩子出生之前就為他們的教育留出一筆專款。

4)I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.我已了解清楚，她的結(jié)論是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。

5)The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses, set off for the mountain area a few days ago.幾天前，由三位醫(yī)生和兩名護(hù)士組成的醫(yī)療隊(duì)出發(fā)到山區(qū)去了。

6)The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it.這個(gè)村莊是以矗立在它前面的那座高山命名的。

7)He was ill for about a month, which has really set him back in his studies.他病了一個(gè)月左右，這使他在學(xué)習(xí)上耽誤了很多。8)The war that broke out between the North and the South in 1861 is known in history as the American Civil War.南方和北方之間于一八六一年爆發(fā)的那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在歷史上稱為“美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)”。

泛讀text1 1)Faced with a lot of evidence, the man had to admit that he was the head of the drug ring.這些人面對(duì)許多證據(jù)，不得不承認(rèn)他是販毒團(tuán)伙的頭目。2)Tommy offered to drive us to the seaside in his car, but insisted we should share the petrol costs.湯米主動(dòng)提出開他的車送我們?nèi)ズI，但堅(jiān)持要我們分擔(dān)汽油費(fèi)。

3)On-the-job smoking is not allowed in our company.So many employees have to give up smoking or reduce the amount they smoke.我們公司不允許上班時(shí)吸煙。于是許多雇員不得不戒煙或者減少吸煙量。

4)When you apply for a job, the first thing the employer sees is your resume.當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)職位時(shí)，雇主首先看到你的履歷。

5)When you find yourself often upset about small matters, you’d better

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cultivate a hobby.你如果發(fā)現(xiàn)自己常為一些小事煩惱，你最好培養(yǎng)一種興趣愛好。

泛讀text8 1）Those who expect to have a good command of English within a few months should bear in mind that there is no short cut in language learning.那些指望在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)就掌握英語的人應(yīng)該記住，語言學(xué)習(xí)沒有捷徑可走。

2)It’s a great idea to stay overnight at your house, but I had better talk it over with my parents in case they don’t agree.在你家過夜是個(gè)好主意，但是我最好還是跟我父母商量一下，以防他們不同意。

3)He advised me to make sure that the second-hand car was in good condition before I made a decision to buy it.他忠告我在決定買那輛二手車前先弄清楚車況是否良好。

4)If you don’t cut in half the numbers of the courses you’re going to take next semester, I’m sure you will be weighed down.如果你不把下學(xué)期要選的課程門數(shù)減半，我肯定到時(shí)你會(huì)累垮。

5.As for my house in the countryside, I only live there every summer;I don’t intend to move in for good.至于我在鄉(xiāng)下的那套房子，我只是每年夏天去住一下，并不打算永久遷人。

泛讀text19

1)Employees hate seeing their boss walking in and out of their office without even giving them a glance

雇員們最討厭看見老板進(jìn)進(jìn)出出辦公室二不屑看他們一眼。

2)If we stay up till three in the morning, we’ll be able to hear the American election results.如果我們熬到凌晨3點(diǎn)，就能聽到美國大選的結(jié)果。3)A policeman has to know as much law as a professional lawyer.He should know what actions are crimes and what evidence he should gather to prove the crimes in courts.一名警察必須像一位職業(yè)律師一樣通曉法律。

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他應(yīng)當(dāng)知道什么行為是犯罪，他應(yīng)當(dāng)收集什么樣的證據(jù)在法庭上證實(shí)這些罪行。

4)Your father is talking business with his colleagues in the study.So don’t bother him.你父親在書房里和他的同事談?wù)拢?qǐng)不要打撈他。5)Mary and I are good friends.We can read each other’s minds and know each other’s deepest secrets.瑪麗和我是好朋友。我們能看出彼此的心事，并知道對(duì)方心中深藏的秘密。

6)We have to increase our sales one way or another.We can sell our sportswear through big department stores and supermarkets instead of the small, specialist shops.無論如何我們得擴(kuò)大營銷量。我們可以通過大百貨商場(chǎng)和超市而不是小的專賣店來出售我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)服。

泛讀text24 1)Each day there are a good number of people on their way to somewhere around the world.Some are travelling for pleasure, while others on business.每天都有很多人到世界各地旅行。有的外出游玩，有的因公出差。

2)When we were travelling in Europe, we usually rode in the train from one country to another.我們?cè)跉W洲旅行的時(shí)候，通常都是乘火車從一個(gè)國家到另一個(gè)國家。

3)He drew me a map to make sure I could easily find his apartment.為了確保我能輕松的找到他住的公寓，他給我畫了張地圖。

4)It’s good manners to tip a waiter or waitress for the service you have received when you dine out.在外用餐的時(shí)候，為你所得到的服務(wù)而付給服務(wù)生一些小費(fèi)是一種禮貌。

5)The worst thing about working in the shop is that you’re on your feet all day.商店里工作最讓人受不了的是你得整天站著。

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第四篇：英語翻譯

英譯中

1.At the foot of the Mt.Huangshan(黃山), in the bend of Xin’an River(新安江), lies the beautiful mountain town called “Tunxi”(“屯溪”).在黃山腳下，新安江灣，坐落著一個(gè)美麗的山鎮(zhèn)“屯溪”。

2.The Old Street of Tunxi(屯溪老街)is located in the old city.The street starts in the west at Zhenhai Bridge(鎮(zhèn)海橋), a stone arch bridge built during the Ming Dynasty, and ends in the east at the Memorial Archway(牌坊碑).Its total length is about 1.5km and the street is laid with slab stones(用石板鋪成).屯溪老街位于老街舊城，西起明代修建的石拱橋鎮(zhèn)海橋，東止牌坊碑，全長(zhǎng)1.5公里。街道全部用石板鋪成。

3.There are hundreds of old but well preserved rows of shops, evoking a bygone era in buildings that are simple and elegant(淡雅古樸).The shops, workshops and residences have continued to maintain the special layout of ancient stores such as shop in the front and workshop or house in the back(前店后坊、前店后戶).街道兩旁是數(shù)百家店鋪，鱗次櫛比，保存完好，透溢出一股過去那種淡雅古樸的建筑風(fēng)韻。店鋪、倉庫和居所仍然保持了古代商鋪那種前店后坊、前店后戶的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。

4.Situated at the confluence(交匯處)of the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖)and the Yangtze River(長(zhǎng)江)in the north-eastern Hunan Province, Yueyang is a celebrated ancient city of culture.It has been known for “the waters of Dongting are well-known across the land;the tower of Yueyang is simply beyond compare”(“洞庭天下水，岳陽天下樓”)to the world.岳陽位于湖南省東北部，洞庭湖與長(zhǎng)江交匯處，是一座文化古城，素有“洞庭天下水，岳陽天下樓”之美譽(yù)。

5.Yueyang Tower stands on the west gate of the old city.It is a three-story wooden structure(純木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑), 19 meters tall, with upturned eaves and a helmet shaped roof(飛檐盔頂), supported by four pillars.The structure is a unique combination of artistic taste, mechanics, architecture, and craftsmanship.After you ascend the tower you will have a spectacular view of the Dongting Lake.岳陽樓矗立在老城的西城門上，是一座三層純木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑，由4根大柱子支撐，有19米高，飛檐盔頂，工藝獨(dú)特，造型精美。登樓可以欣賞美麗的洞庭風(fēng)光。

6.The predecessor(前身)of Yueyang Tower was a structure built By Lu Su(魯肅)in the Three Kingdoms Period(三國時(shí)期)for reviewing military parades.It was expanded into a tower in 716 by Zhang Shuo(張說)and given its present name.岳陽樓的前身是三國時(shí)期魯肅修建的閱兵臺(tái)。公元716年，張說在此擴(kuò)建成樓，并命名為岳陽樓。

7、The snow scene of the West Lake enjoyed very high praise, especially the view of “melting snow at broken bridge”(“斷橋殘雪”)is unique in the winter of the West Lake.西湖雪景最是為人稱道，而“斷橋殘雪”又為西湖冬季的一處獨(dú)特景觀。

8.Why it is called as “malting snow on the broken bridge”, there are different sayings(眾說紛紜).One of them is that it snows almost every winter in Hangzhou.“斷橋殘雪”得名由來，眾說紛紜。一說每至冬令時(shí)節(jié)，杭州必會(huì)白雪皚皚。

9.When the sun comes out after snowfall, the snow on the sunny side of the bridge(橋陽面)melts first, while the snow on the shady side still lingers.每當(dāng)瑞雪初晴，橋陽面冰雪消融，而橋陰面仍然玉砌銀鋪。

10.Zhouzhuang Town(周莊鎮(zhèn))is located 38 kilometers southeast of Suzhou City，33 kilometers southwest of Kunshan City(昆山市).With a history of more than 900 years, it is just like a pearl set near the bank of Dianshan Lake(淀山湖).周莊鎮(zhèn)位于蘇州城東南38公里，昆山市境內(nèi)西南33公里，宛如一顆燦爛明珠鑲嵌在淀山湖畔，已有九百余年的歷史。

11.The river course of the town takes the shape of Chinese Character “#”(呈井字型).Houses are all built along the river.Over sixty percent of dwelling-houses out of almost one thousand were built in the Ming or Qing dynasties.古鎮(zhèn)區(qū)內(nèi)河道呈井字型，民居依河筑屋，依水成街。鎮(zhèn)上近千戶人家明清建筑占百分之六十以上。

12.Over the river are 14 bridges built in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, among which there is a unique bridge in China-Fu’an Bridge(富安橋)and the world famous Double Bridge(雙橋).河道上橫跨14座建于元、明、清代的古橋梁，其中有國內(nèi)僅存的富安橋和聞名中外的雙橋。

13.The Zhang’s Residence was built by Xu Kui’s descendants.The folk sayings that “The sedans enter the front door while boats pass through the house” define its architectural characteristics.徐逵后裔(descendants)建有張廳(The Zhang’s Residence)，民間所說“轎從前門進(jìn)，船從家中過”(“The sedans enter the front door while boats pass through the house”)生動(dòng)形象地描繪了其建筑特色。

14.The Shen’s Residence which has 7 courtyards with 5 doors was built by Shen Wansan’s descendants.In addition, there is Ye Chucang’s Former Residence.沈萬山(Shen Wansan)后裔建有七進(jìn)五門樓的沈廳(The Shen’s Residence), 這里還有葉楚傖故居(Ye Chucang’s Former Residence)等。

15.Mt.Huangshan has all the charm of landscape in China while Zhouzhuang boasts all the beautiful features of Chinese water town.Zhouzhuang is worth of the fame as the “first water town in China.”

黃山集中國山川之美，周莊集中國水鄉(xiāng)之美。周莊被譽(yù)為“中國第一水鄉(xiāng)”(the “first water town in China”)，名不虛傳。

16.Mt.Taishan is located in the center of Shandong Province spanning(跨越)the cities of Taian(泰安)and Jinan(濟(jì)南), extending for total area of 250 kilometers.泰山位于山東省中部，跨越泰安、濟(jì)南兩市。總面積250平方公里。

17.It boasts of a wealth of natural legacies(自然遺產(chǎn)).A large number of scenic spots were given names since ancient times.They include 112 peaks, 98 precipitous ridges, 18 rock caves, 58 odd shaped rocks, 102 streams and valleys, 56 pools and waterfalls, 64 springs.她擁有豐富的自然遺產(chǎn)。景區(qū)內(nèi)自古命名的山峰112座，崖嶺98座，巖洞18處，奇石58塊，溪谷102條，潭池瀑布56處，山泉64處。

18.There are 989 species of plants falling into 114 families, and vegetation coverage(植被覆蓋率)of 79.9 percent.泰山共有植物144科，989種，植被覆蓋率為79.9％。

19.Mt.Qingcheng(青城山)is situated 63 kilometers west of Chengdu(成都).Characterized by its secluded and quiet environment, the scenic area is surrounded by ring-shaped peaks(群峰環(huán)繞).青城山坐落于成都市西郊63公里處，群峰環(huán)繞，環(huán)境幽靜，盡顯清幽本色。

20.It enjoys equal fame for steepness with Jianmen(劍門), for elegance with Mt.Emei(峨眉)and for grandeur with Kuimen(夔門).It has been widely acclaimed as the “most secluded mountain under the heaven”(“青城天下幽”).青城山之幽，與劍門之險(xiǎn)，峨眉之秀，夔門之雄齊名，素有“青城天下幽”之美譽(yù)。

21.In Chinese Qingcheng literally means “green city”(“綠色的城郭”).Mt.Qingcheng gets its name because the main scenic spots such as the Tianshi Cave(天師洞)are all surrounded by 36 mountain peaks with their forests of lush evergreen trees encircling each spot like a city wall.青城山顧名思義，意為“綠色的城郭”，其主要景點(diǎn)如天師洞青山環(huán)列，樹木蔥翠，三十六座山峰層巒迭嶂，狀若城郭，故此得名。

中譯英

1.屯溪老街多數(shù)房屋僅為三層，具有鮮明的徽派建筑特色：白粉墻、小青瓦、雕梁畫棟。

Most of the buildings are only three stories high in the Old Street of Tunxi.They are decorated with white walls, small green tiles, wood carvings in the distinct Hui style.2.老街是一條商業(yè)步行街。安徽、江浙、福建的商人在此聚集，摩肩接踵，一派“清明上河圖”的景象。

The Old Street is a commercial street that is only for pedestrians.The merchants from Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces jostle each other in a crowd that resembles the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival”.3.一位西歐建筑家到老街時(shí)說，在這里他找到了“東方古羅馬”。

An ancient Western-European architect once visited the Old Street and said that he had found “the Eastern Ancient Rome.”

4.1044年，宋代官員滕子京謫守巴陵郡，重修了岳陽樓，并于翌年請(qǐng)當(dāng)時(shí)著名的政治家、文學(xué)家范仲淹撰文以記之。

In 1044, Teng Zijing, a Song Dynasty official, was banished to Baling Prefecture and renovated the tower.The following year he asked Fan Zhongyan, a well-known statesman and man of letters of the time, to write an essay to mark the renovated tower.5.這篇名為《岳陽樓記》的文章語言精美，思想深邃，其文學(xué)成就無以倫比，因而名揚(yáng)四方。

The essay entitled Notes on Yueyang Tower, is considered matchless in literary achievement and profound thought, has made the theme of his writing famous far and wide.6.文中一幅對(duì)子“先天下這憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”為每個(gè)中國人所熟悉。

One couplet in the essay, “Be concerned before anyone else becomes concerned;enjoy yourself only after everyone else finds enjoyment.” has become familiar to every Chinese

7.從附近小山上極目遠(yuǎn)眺，那小橋好似橋斷一般。

Looked at a distance or from a nearby hill, the little bridge appears to be broken.8.待到冬日雪霽，佇立橋頭，放眼四望，遠(yuǎn)山銀裝素裹，更加?jì)趁拿匀耍切蕾p西湖雪景之佳地。

On fine winter days after a snow, you may stand on the bridge to feast your eyes on the snow scene far and near.Distant hills, clad in white, grow more enchanting.It is a best venue for you to watch the snow scene of the West Lake.9.而中國民間傳說“白蛇傳”又為斷橋景物增添了些許浪漫色彩。

The Chinese folk story “The Tale of White Snake” brings the broken bridge some romance.10.泰山古稱岱山(Daishan)，春秋時(shí)期被尊為(revered as)東岳(East Sacred Mountain)。其山勢(shì)磅礴雄偉，峰巒突兀峻拔(abruptly rising)，景色壯麗。

Mt.Taishan was known in ancient times as Daishan and revered as the East Sacred Mountain in the Spring and Autumn Period.It presents the loftiness and grandeur with abruptly rising majestic peaks and crests.The sceneries are spectacular.11.中國歷代帝王秦始皇、漢武帝、唐玄宗、清帝乾隆等均曾到泰山封禪(hold grand sacrificial ceremonies)，歷代七十二君主到此祭告天地(offer sacrifices to heaven and earth)。

Many Chinese emperors including Qin Shihuang, Wu Di of the Han Dynasty, Xuan Zong of the Tang Dynasty and Qian Long of the Qing Dynasty held grand sacrificial ceremonies on its summit.All through the dynasties 72 emperors had come here to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth.12.風(fēng)景區(qū)擁有延續(xù)數(shù)千年的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)。現(xiàn)有古建筑群22處，古遺址97處，歷代碑碣(commemorative stone tablets)819塊，歷代刻石(inscribed rocks)1800余處。

With Cultural legacies handing down through thousands of years, the scenic area houses 22 groups of ancient architectures, 97 ancient remains, 819 commemorative stone tablets and 1,800 inscribed rocks.13.青城山位于四川省西部，群峰環(huán)繞，清幽隱逸(tranquil and secluded)，林木清幽，是著名的旅游景點(diǎn)和避暑勝地(summer resort)。

The ring-shaped hills, tranquil and secluded, covered with luxuriant vegetation, make Mt.Qingcheng in the western part of Sichuan Province, a famous tourist site and summer resort.14.作為一座道教名山(a famous Taoist mountain)，道教的發(fā)祥地和道教發(fā)展的重要基地，青城山已有兩千多年的歷史了。青城山以其清幽的環(huán)境和其在道教中的重要性而獨(dú)具一格(unique)。

As the birthplace of Taoism and an important base of Taoism development, it has been a famous Taoist mountain for almost 2000 years.Mt.Qingching is unique for its secluded environment and for its Taoist significance.15.1982年，青城山被國務(wù)院(State Council)評(píng)定為全國首批重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)(China National Key Tourist Resort)。2000年，青城山和都江堰(Dujiangyan Irrigation Project)聯(lián)名被聯(lián)合國教科文組織(UNESCO)列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄(List of World Cultural Heritage)。

In 1982, it was ratified as one of first group of China National Key Tourist Resorts by the State Council.In 2000, together with the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, it was inscribed on the List of World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.

第五篇：英語翻譯

1.你覺得什么時(shí)候最有可能在家里找到他? What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 2.由于受到原子輻射，他最終在工作時(shí)倒下了。

As a result of exposure to atomic radiation,he finally collapsed at work.3.千萬別說可能會(huì)被人誤解的話。(capable of)Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4.她砰地關(guān)上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)就此結(jié)束。

Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.5.小約翰尼一見到媽媽下班回來就往前門跑去。

Little johnny made for the door at the sight of his mother coming back from work.6.他研究原子科學(xué)是為了我國的國防。他根本不在乎名望。He pursued atomic science for the defense our country.Fame meant nothing to him.7.三位教授被請(qǐng)來對(duì)新教員設(shè)計(jì)的教案做出評(píng)估。

Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.8.不言而喻，青年人的教育對(duì)于一個(gè)國家的未來是至關(guān)重要的。It is self-evident that the education of young is vital to future of country.9.一個(gè)衛(wèi)生組織促使地方政府為建造一所新的醫(yī)院籌措三百萬美元的資金。

A health organization prompted the local government to raise a three-million-dollar fund for a new hospital.10.一切都表明他的計(jì)劃出了毛病。

Everything points to the fact/indicates that something has gone wrong with his project/plan.