第一篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯

9)教育

函授學(xué)院 correspondence school

附中 middle / high school affiliated to …

政治思想教育 political and ideological education

自學(xué)成才 to become educated through independent study

獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金scholarship;fellowship;financial grant

領(lǐng)取助學(xué)金的學(xué)生 a grant-aided student

博士生Ph.D candidate

博士后post–doctoral

畢業(yè)生分配graduate placement

成人高考/自學(xué)考試 the national higher education exams for self-taught adults

成人教育adult education

充電 update one's knowledge

初等教育 elementary education

大學(xué)城 college town

大學(xué)社區(qū) college community

大專(zhuān)文憑 associate degree

分?jǐn)?shù) mark;grade

成績(jī)單 transcript

畢業(yè)論文(大學(xué))paper;（研）thesis;（博）dissertation

實(shí)習(xí)internship;field work

畢業(yè)典禮 graduation ceremony;commencement

畢業(yè)證書(shū) certificate

高等教育 higher education

高等學(xué)府 institution of higher education

綜合性大學(xué) comprehensive university

文科院校 colleges of(liberal)arts

理工科大學(xué) college / university of science and engineering

師范學(xué)院 teachers' college / normal college

工科大學(xué) polytechnic university

農(nóng)學(xué)院 college of agriculture

醫(yī)學(xué)院 medical school

中醫(yī)院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)

音樂(lè)學(xué)院music school

美術(shù)學(xué)院 academy of fine arts

高分低能 high scores and low abilities

高考(university / college)entrance examination

高校擴(kuò)招 the college expansion plan

國(guó)家普通話水平考試 National Proficiency Test of Putonghua(Mandarin)

函授大學(xué) correspondence university

教授professor

副教授 associate professor 客座教授 visiting professor;guest professor

講師 lecturer

助教 assistant

輔導(dǎo)員 assistant for political and ideological work

教研室/組 teaching and research section/group

教學(xué)法 pedagogy;teaching method

教育界 education circle

教育投入 input in education

九年義務(wù)教育nine-year compulsory education

考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

課外的 extracurriculum

課外活動(dòng) extracurricular activities

課堂討論 class discussion

必修課 required / compulsory course

選修課 elective / optional course

基礎(chǔ)課 basic course

專(zhuān)業(yè)課 specialized course

課程表 school schedule

研究小組；討論會(huì) seminar

教學(xué)大綱 teaching program;syllabus

學(xué)習(xí)年限 period of schooling

學(xué)歷 record of formal schooling

學(xué)年 school/academic year

學(xué)期(school)term;semester

學(xué)分 credit

兩院院士 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering

啟發(fā)式教學(xué) heuristic education

熱門(mén)話題 hot topic

人才交流 talents exchange

人才戰(zhàn) competition for talented people

商務(wù)英語(yǔ)證書(shū) Business English Certificate(BEC)

設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院 academy of design

體育學(xué)院 institute of physical culture

適齡兒童入學(xué)率 enrolment rate for children of school age

授予某人學(xué)位 to confer a degree on / to sb./for sth(e.g.thesis)

升學(xué)率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade

（國(guó)家）助學(xué)金(state)stipend/subsidy/ financial aid

碩博聯(lián)讀 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study

松江大學(xué)城 Songjiang College Town

素質(zhì)教育 quality-oriented education 填鴨式教學(xué) cramming method of teaching

脫產(chǎn)進(jìn)修 block release

短訓(xùn)班 short-term training course

師生員工 faculty, students and staff

教學(xué)人員 the faculty;teaching staff

中、小學(xué)校長(zhǎng) headmaster/headmistress;principal

大專(zhuān)院校校長(zhǎng)(美)president;（英）chancellor;vice-chancellor

教務(wù)長(zhǎng),(系)主任 dean

希望工程 Project Hope

小組討論 group discussions

校訓(xùn) school motto

校友a(bǔ)lumnus(男);alumna（女）pl.alumni;alumnae

學(xué)生會(huì) students' union/association

走讀生 extern;non-resident student

住宿生 boarder

旁聽(tīng)生 auditor

研究生 graduate student;post-graduate(student)

應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生 graduating student;current year’s graduate

課程 course;curriculum

校園數(shù)字化 campus digitalization

校園文化 campus culture

學(xué)分 credit points

學(xué)漢語(yǔ)熱 enthusiasm in learning Chinese

學(xué)歷教育 education with record of formal schooling

學(xué)齡兒童 school-ager

學(xué)前教育 preschool education

學(xué)生減負(fù) alleviate the burden on students

學(xué)時(shí) credit hours

學(xué)位證書(shū) degree certificate

學(xué)英語(yǔ)熱 enthusiasm in learning English

義務(wù)教育 compulsory education

應(yīng)試教育 exam-oriented education

優(yōu)化教師隊(duì)伍 optimize the teaching staff

在職博士生 on-job doctorate

在職研究生 on-job postgraduates

招生辦公室 admission office

招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)辦公室 enrolment and placement office

職業(yè)道德 work ethics

職業(yè)高中（職高）vocational high school

職業(yè)教育 vocational education

三學(xué)期制 the trimester system

定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 示范試點(diǎn) demonstration pilot project

動(dòng)員 mobilize

多學(xué)科的 multi-disciplinary

重點(diǎn)大學(xué) key university

被授權(quán) be authorized to do

博士后科研流動(dòng)站 center for post-doctoral studies

國(guó)家發(fā)明獎(jiǎng) National Invention Prize

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)獎(jiǎng) National Prize for Natural Sciences

國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步獎(jiǎng) National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology

學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告會(huì)，專(zhuān)題討論會(huì) symposium/ seminar

記者招待會(huì) press conference

國(guó)家教委State Education Commission

國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局 State Statistical Bureau

國(guó)家教育經(jīng)費(fèi) national expenditure on education

財(cái)政撥款 financial allocation

職業(yè)培訓(xùn) job training

職業(yè)文盲 functional illiterate

專(zhuān)職教師 full-time teacher

智力引進(jìn) recruit / introduce(foreign)talents

智商 intelligence quotient(IQ)

中等教育 secondary education

主觀能動(dòng)性 subjective initiative

助學(xué)行動(dòng) activity to assist the impoverished students

準(zhǔn)博士 all but dissertation(ABD)

自費(fèi)留學(xué) go to study abroad at one's own expense

自費(fèi)研究生 self-supporting/ self-sponsored graduate student

People's Daily: Mr.Minister, you once said that 2014 was a year of harvest and all-round progress in China's diplomacy.Could you elaborate on that? And what can we expect from China's diplomacy in 2015? What are the keywords we need to watch? Wang Yi: Indeed, 2014 was a year of harvest for China's diplomacy.It was also a year of forging ahead and breaking new ground.Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, we successfully hosted the CICA Summit in Shanghai and the APEC meeting in Beijing, and left a deep imprint of our own.We took an active part in the resolution of global hot-spot issues, and played China's role in international and regional affairs.We made energetic efforts to expand external cooperation, and our initiative to establish a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road won support from a lot of countries.It is particularly worth mentioning that focusing on building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, we are taking a new path of external relations characterized by partnership rather than alliance.By the end of last year, we had established different forms of partnerships with over 70 countries and a number of regional organizations, and basically established a global network of partnerships.One can say that China's circle of friends and partners has widened and will continue to expand.The keywords for China's diplomacy in 2015 will be “one focus” and “two main themes”.Our key focus in 2015 will be making all-round progress in the “Belt and Road” initiative.We will further enhance policy communication with other countries, expand the convergence of our shared interests, and explore effective avenues of win-win cooperation.The emphasis will be on promoting infrastructural connectivity, and building overland economic corridors and pillars of maritime cooperation.We will also promote people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and speed up relevant FTA negotiations.We are confident that the “Belt and Road” initiative will win even more support and deliver even more “early harvests”, so as to catalyze the revitalization of the Eurasian continent as a whole.In 2015, we will do a lot under the two themes of peace and development.We will work with the international community to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the end of the world's anti-Fascist war, draw lessons from history, look to the future, and make China a staunch force for peace.The 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations will be a good opportunity for us to take an active part in the UN's development summit and international cooperation on climate change.We will play a constructive role in helping to secure a post-2015 development agenda and a new international regime for addressing climate change that are in the interests of developing countries.Xinhua News Agency: This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations.It is an important historical moment for the international community to reflect on the past and look to the future.Some people say that China wants to challenge and even overturn the current international order, and replace it with a new one dominated by China itself.What is your comment? 新華社記者：今年是聯(lián)合國(guó)成立70周年，對(duì)于國(guó)際社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)承前啟后的重要?dú)v史時(shí)刻。有人說(shuō)中國(guó)想要挑戰(zhàn)甚至推翻現(xiàn)有國(guó)際秩序，推動(dòng)建立一個(gè)由中國(guó)主導(dǎo)的國(guó)際新秩序。你對(duì)此有何評(píng)論？

Wang Yi: I want to make it very clear that China has always been a constructive force in building the international order.If we can compare the international order and system built around the United Nations to a big boat, then 70 years ago China was intimately involved in designing and building that boat, and China was the first country to put its signature on the Charter of the United Nations.Today we are in this boat together with more than 190 other countries.So of course, we don't want to upset that boat.Rather, we want to work with the other passengers to ensure that this boat will sail forward steadily and in the right direction.王毅：我要明確地講，中國(guó)歷來(lái)是國(guó)際秩序的建設(shè)性力量。如果把聯(lián)合國(guó)為中心的國(guó)際秩序和國(guó)際體系比作為一艘大船，70年前中國(guó)就曾經(jīng)親手參加了它的設(shè)計(jì)和建造。而且，中國(guó)還是當(dāng)時(shí)第一個(gè)在《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》上簽字的國(guó)家。今天，我們和190多個(gè)國(guó)家同在這條船上，我們想的決不是要把船打翻，而是如何和各國(guó)共同努力，讓這艘大船沿著正確方向開(kāi)得更穩(wěn)更好。

Seventy years have passed.The international situation and landscape has changed dramatically.Naturally, the international order needs to be updated.China supports the reform of the international order and system.Such reform is not about overturning the current system or starting all over again;rather, it is about seeking new ideas to improve it.The general direction is to promote democracy in international relations and the rule of law in global governance.In particular, it is very important to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries, which are in the majority, so that we can make the world a more equal, harmonious and safe place.70年來(lái)，國(guó)際格局與形勢(shì)發(fā)生了很大變化。國(guó)際秩序自然也需要與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。中國(guó)主張對(duì)國(guó)際秩序和體系進(jìn)行改革，但這種改革不是推倒重來(lái)，也非另起爐灶，而是創(chuàng)新完善。總的方向是推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化和國(guó)際治理法治化，尤其是維護(hù)好廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家的正當(dāng)權(quán)益，從而使這個(gè)世界更平等，更和諧，更安全。

NBC: Last month, State Councilor Yang Jiechi and National Security Advisor Susan Rice declared that both sides have agreed to strengthen coordination on regional and global challenges.With President Xi Jinping visiting the United States later this year, in your view, how can this strengthened coordination for the new type of great-power relationship help resolve the US-China disputes over, for example, cyber-security or the maritime conflicts in the Asia-Pacific region? 美國(guó)全國(guó)廣播公司記者：上個(gè)月，國(guó)務(wù)委員楊潔篪同美國(guó)總統(tǒng)國(guó)家安全事務(wù)助理賴(lài)斯舉行會(huì)晤，雙方同意“加強(qiáng)在地區(qū)和國(guó)際性挑戰(zhàn)上的溝通協(xié)調(diào)”。今年下半年習(xí)主席將對(duì)美國(guó)進(jìn)行訪問(wèn)，中美加強(qiáng)溝通協(xié)調(diào)、構(gòu)建新型大國(guó)關(guān)系將如何幫助兩國(guó)解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全分歧或亞太地區(qū)海上爭(zhēng)端？

Wang Yi: President Xi Jinping will pay a state visit to the United States this fall at the invitation of his US counterpart.We expect that following their Yingtai meeting last year, the two presidents will have another productive discussion and inject new momentum into our efforts to build a new model of major-country relations between China and the United States.王毅：習(xí)近平主席將于今年秋天應(yīng)邀對(duì)美國(guó)進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)。我們期待兩國(guó)元首繼瀛臺(tái)夜話之后再續(xù)佳話，為推進(jìn)中美新型大國(guó)關(guān)系建設(shè)注入新的動(dòng)力。

The undertaking to build a new model of relations is a pioneering effort.It will not be smooth sailing.But it is a logical development, because it accords with the common interests of both sides and the trend of our times.There is a Chinese saying, “Sincerity can work wonders.” As long as the two sides show sincerity, buttress the bottom line of “no conflict and no confrontation”, cement the foundation of “mutual respect”, then we can explore the immense possibility of “win-win cooperation” between China and the United States.中美構(gòu)建新型大國(guó)關(guān)系是一個(gè)創(chuàng)舉，不會(huì)一帆風(fēng)順，但卻勢(shì)在必行，因?yàn)樗想p方的共同利益，也符合時(shí)代發(fā)展的潮流。有句話叫“心誠(chéng)則靈”。只要雙方拿出誠(chéng)意，守住“不沖突不對(duì)抗”的底線，筑牢“相互尊重”這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)，就能做好“合作共贏”這篇大文章。China and the United States are two large countries.It's impossible for there not to be any disagreements between us, and these disagreements will not disappear the moment we commit to build a new model of major-country relations.But we shouldn't magnify the problems through a microscope.Rather, we should use the telescope to look ahead to the future and make sure we will move forward in the right direction.中美是兩個(gè)大國(guó)，不可能沒(méi)有分歧，分歧也不會(huì)因?yàn)闃?gòu)建新型大國(guó)關(guān)系就一夜消失。但我們不必總是用顯微鏡去放大問(wèn)題，而是要更多端起望遠(yuǎn)鏡去眺望未來(lái)，把握好大方向。At the Beijing APEC meeting, President Xi Jinping called for shaping the future through Asia-Pacific partnership.Many countries responded enthusiastically to his initiative.China and the United States interact most frequently in the Asia-Pacific and our interests intersect the most in this region.In our view, the building of a new model of major-country relations should begin with the Asia-Pacific region.If both sides can work to establish and deepen strategic trust and have positive interactions, then we can surely jointly contribute to peace, stability and prosperity in the region.習(xí)近平主席在北京APEC提出建立面向未來(lái)的亞太伙伴關(guān)系，得到很多國(guó)家積極響應(yīng)。中美在亞太地區(qū)利益最交織、互動(dòng)最頻繁。我們認(rèn)為，新型大國(guó)關(guān)系應(yīng)從亞太做起。只要雙方建立和增進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略互信，彼此積極良性互動(dòng)，中美就一定能共同為本地區(qū)的和平、穩(wěn)定與繁榮作出貢獻(xiàn)。

As for the issue of cyber-security, since both China and the United States are major users of the Internet, we have common interests in upholding it.We hope cyberspace will become a new frontier of our cooperation rather than a new source of friction.至于網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問(wèn)題，中美都是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大國(guó)，在維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全方面有著共同利益。我們希望網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間成為兩國(guó)合作的新疆域，而不是相互摩擦的新源頭。

Nigerian Television: China has a culture of planning ahead and implementing these plans, and this has contributed greatly to how the country has become what it is today.Now that China has presented the 2015 year plan for work in the country, I would like to believe that China also has concrete plans for Africa.I see the deployment of an envoy to the Africa Union in Addis Ababa as a good sign.What concrete plans does China have for Africa, particularly in promoting win-win partnership between those countries? 尼日利亞國(guó)家電視臺(tái)記者：中國(guó)非常善于制定并執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，這幫助中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了巨大發(fā)展。相信在外交方面一定也制定了相關(guān)計(jì)劃。最近中方任命了新任駐非盟大使，我們能否期待中國(guó)在推進(jìn)對(duì)非合作、加強(qiáng)對(duì)非伙伴關(guān)系方面推出新的舉措？

Wang Yi: It's true that China likes to make plans before we do things, but we are also good at responding to emergencies.For example, when western Africa was suddenly hit by the Ebola epidemic last year, the Chinese government and people felt for them.We were the first to deliver aid, and altogether we provided four tranches of emergency aid with a total value of 750 million RMB yuan.We also deployed nearly 1,000 medical workers to the affected areas.The Chinese medical workers know the risk of infection, yet for the sake of the health of the African people, they are still battling in the affected countries.We want to pay tribute to them and give them the thumbs-up.王毅：中國(guó)確實(shí)做事愿意有個(gè)規(guī)劃，但我們也善于應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)事件。比如去年西非地區(qū)突發(fā)埃博拉疫情，中國(guó)政府和人民感同身受，率先馳援，緊急提供了4批共7.5億元人民幣的援助，向疫區(qū)派出醫(yī)務(wù)人員近千人次。他們冒著感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，為非洲人民的健康奮戰(zhàn)在疫區(qū)。我們要向他們致敬，為他們點(diǎn)贊！

Just two days ago, the last Ebola patient in Liberia was released from a Chinese-run medical treatment center.What wonderful news and what a relief!就在兩天前，利比里亞最后一名埃博拉患者從中國(guó)援建的醫(yī)療中心康復(fù)出院，這條消息，讓我們感到很欣慰。

Speaking of China-Africa cooperation, during his visit to Africa last year, Premier Li Keqiang put forward the idea of working together to build six projects and three key networks.His call received strong support from many African countries.Recently we set up our permanent mission to the African Union, and the first head of the mission has already hit the ground running.This fully shows China's support for China-Africa cooperation and Africa's integration process.Later this year, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation will hold its sixth ministerial conference.While consolidating all areas of traditional cooperation, we will focus on the urgent needs of Africa and do more in the following three areas: first, industrial cooperation to boost Africa's industrialization process;second, health cooperation to build up Africa's capacity for dealing with infectious diseases;and third, security cooperation to help Africa maintain peace and stability.說(shuō)到中非合作，去年李克強(qiáng)總理訪非時(shí)，提出了加強(qiáng)中非合作的“六大工程”和“三大網(wǎng)絡(luò)”建設(shè)，得到非洲各國(guó)廣泛贊同。最近，我們又新設(shè)了常駐非盟使團(tuán)，首任團(tuán)長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)到任，這體現(xiàn)了中方對(duì)中非合作以及非洲一體化的支持。中非合作論壇今年將召開(kāi)第六屆部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議。我們將在鞏固各領(lǐng)域傳統(tǒng)合作的同時(shí)，著眼非洲最迫切的需求再做好三件事，一是推進(jìn)產(chǎn)能合作，助力非洲工業(yè)化進(jìn)程，二是開(kāi)展衛(wèi)生合作，提升非洲防疫抗災(zāi)能力，三是加強(qiáng)安全合作，維護(hù)非洲的和平穩(wěn)定。

China and Africa have always been a community of shared destiny.We are prepared to work with our African brothers and sisters to turn our traditional friendship into results of win-win cooperation and turn Africa's development potential into comprehensive national strength.中國(guó)和非洲從來(lái)都是命運(yùn)共同體，我們?cè)敢馀c非洲兄弟一道努力，把中非傳統(tǒng)友好轉(zhuǎn)化為互利合作成果，把非洲發(fā)展?jié)撃苻D(zhuǎn)化為國(guó)家綜合實(shí)力。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯

英語(yǔ)1-4單元翻譯

第一單元.這個(gè)嬰兒還不會(huì)爬，更不用說(shuō)走了。The baby can not crawl,let alone walk.2 威爾聲稱(chēng)謀殺案發(fā)生時(shí)他正在與一群朋友吃飯，但是我認(rèn)為他在說(shuō)謊。Will claimed that he was having a dinner with his friend when the murder happended,but in my opinion he is lying.he told lie.3 一定程度上閱讀速度與閱讀技巧密切相關(guān)；有了閱讀技巧，你就可以更好的應(yīng)對(duì)課外閱讀了。

To a certain extent ,the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills;and reading skills, you can better cope with outside class readingafter class reading.4 根據(jù)規(guī)則他們倆都可以參加比賽。

According to the ruleregulation, they both can take part inparticipate the game.5 有些人想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為日語(yǔ)中的每一個(gè)詞在漢語(yǔ)中都有對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)。Some people assume that each word in Japanese has an equivalent in Chinese /Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for very Japanese word 6 我已將所有的相關(guān)信息告知了警方。

We have already reported all relevant information to the police We have already passed all relevant information on the police 7 關(guān)于那件事你問(wèn)我再多的問(wèn)題也沒(méi)用，因?yàn)槲沂遣粫?huì)回答你的。It is no use asking me any more questions because I won’t answer 8 事先沒(méi)有仔細(xì)閱讀合同就簽了名是吉姆的錯(cuò)誤。

Singing the contract without reading it carefully was a mistake on Jim’s part It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading carefully 9 他們拒絕向我們提供所需要的全部信息。

They refused to provide us with all information that we needed 10 這起事故與三年前發(fā)生的一起事故極為相似。

This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago 11 這部影片是根據(jù)莎士比亞的戲劇改編的。

The film /movies is based on a play of William Shakespeare 如果你過(guò)你的英語(yǔ)和電腦技能都掌握得好，那么你在謀職時(shí)一定比別人更有優(yōu)勢(shì).You’ll surely /certainly have advantage over others in finding a job ,if you are good at /if you have a good command of both English and computer skills

第二單元 很多老師不贊同這種做法

Many /A lot of /A large number of teachers frowned on this practice 2 當(dāng)我想從草地上穿過(guò)去的時(shí)候，有位老人在旁邊怒視著我。

When I was about to /was trying to cross /cut across the lawn , an old man glared at me.3 當(dāng)我提到我的父親，她臉上總是露出來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)我的笑容。

When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face 4 我的大孩子比較聽(tīng)話，而小的那個(gè)非常倔。我現(xiàn)在還回想起小的孩子在中學(xué)畢業(yè)后是如何執(zhí)意要出國(guó)讀書(shū)的。

My older child/My firstborn was quit obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn.I can still recall how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after his graduation from middle school.5 當(dāng)海嘯襲來(lái)時(shí)，許多東南亞國(guó)家遭受了巨大的損失。

Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area.6 每當(dāng)做母親的那弟弟跟哥哥作比較，弟弟就要抗議。

Every time the mother tries to compare the younger brother with his elder brother, the younger one will protest 7 當(dāng)他初到這個(gè)新學(xué)校的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與其他同學(xué)格格不入。

He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this school 8 她臉上氣急敗壞的表情實(shí)在把我嚇壞了。我再也不敢說(shuō)個(gè)不字。The fury on her face terrified me.I dared not say no to her again.9 怪不得你最后闖出禍來(lái)，原來(lái)你從來(lái)不聽(tīng)你父母的管教。No wonder you ended up in trouble.You never followed your parents’ advice.10 他發(fā)了整整兩年的時(shí)間才慢慢適應(yīng)了這個(gè)新環(huán)境。It took him two years to adapt to the new environment

第三單元 威廉非常喜歡那個(gè)女孩，所以他盡力討好她，并且很有信心可以贏得她的心。William likes the girl very much /a lot so he tires his best to impress her and is optimistic to min her heart.2 他有創(chuàng)造性，對(duì)未來(lái)也有很好的判斷力，可就是喜歡秘而不宣。He is creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes keep things to himself.3 他們來(lái)自一個(gè)貧窮的小山村，那里的人們遠(yuǎn)離現(xiàn)代文明。

They come from a poor little village where people were shut off from modern civilization.4 我們要努力工作，爭(zhēng)取達(dá)到我們是定下的目標(biāo).We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set.5 我們應(yīng)滿足于我們所擁有的一切，不該對(duì)周?chē)氖虑檫^(guò)分吹毛求疵。We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.6 他們經(jīng)常代表學(xué)校參加辯論比賽；今晚我們將聚會(huì)慶祝他們的成功。They often represent our school in debating competitions;tonight we will throw a party to celebrate their success.7 通過(guò)讀書(shū)，他不僅開(kāi)闊了視野，而且學(xué)會(huì)了不斷完善自己的人格。Through reading ,not only has he expanded his horizons,but he also has learned to keep improving his character.8 為了把那個(gè)女孩從火中救出，兩名警察犧牲了他們的生命。

Two policemen sacrificed their lives in order to save that girl from the fire.9 穩(wěn)定的；無(wú)沖突的夫妻關(guān)系對(duì)家庭中的孩子有好處。

A stable relationship without conflict between husband and wife benefits the children in family.3

第四單元 我們一知道成績(jī)就互相聯(lián)系吧！

Let’s get in touch as soon as we know the result of the testexam 2 那音樂(lè)激起他強(qiáng)烈的思鄉(xiāng)之情。

The music aroused an intense feeling of homesickness in him.3 你已經(jīng)工作一個(gè)上午了，該休息一下了

You’ve been working all morning---you;deserve a rest now.4 我剛躺下，電話鈴就響了。

I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rangNo sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.5 醫(yī)生說(shuō)我疲勞過(guò)度，勸我不要在接受更多的工作

My doctor says I’m too tired and has advised me not to take on any more work 6 珍妮自愿負(fù)責(zé)聚會(huì)后的清潔工作。

Jenny volunteered to clear up after the gathering.7 演講的題目提前一個(gè)星期宣布，但是演講者的名字不會(huì)提前告知。The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance, but the name of the speaker is not.8 你的考試成績(jī)沒(méi)有達(dá)到所要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，換句話說(shuō)，你考試不及格。Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard----in other words, you failed.9 她病得很厲害，必須停止工作。She was so ill that she had to leave off work.10 現(xiàn)在沒(méi)辦法知道結(jié)果會(huì)怎樣，案子的決定權(quán)在法官手里，我們所能做的就是等待

There is no way to tell what is going to happen.The case is in the hands of the judge, and all we could do is to wait.4

第三篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯

翻譯：

在2011年7月，我加入了海航集團(tuán)這個(gè)大家庭并成為海南新生信息有限公司北京分公司的一員，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)給我的職位是客戶服務(wù)主管，在這個(gè)短短的半年中，我嚴(yán)格要求自己并較好的執(zhí)行自己本職的工作，有收獲，也有不足的地方，在公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的幫助下，我從一個(gè)對(duì)自己的工作一知半解，到現(xiàn)在我可以自己獨(dú)當(dāng)一面，現(xiàn)將自己的工作狀況以及個(gè)人體會(huì)總結(jié)如下：工作介紹:

在這半年中，我們公司主要的工作重點(diǎn)都放在北京錦繡大地物流港，我們的工作主要是在錦繡大地開(kāi)展第三方支付業(yè)務(wù)，海航在2011年5月16日全國(guó)首批取得 《中華人民共和國(guó)支付業(yè)務(wù)許可證》，在2011年1月24日獲得《支付系統(tǒng)安全認(rèn)證證書(shū)》并以此為基礎(chǔ)開(kāi)發(fā)科一個(gè)支付系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“新生支付”系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)為錦繡大地的商戶們提供代收代付服務(wù)等相關(guān)金融服務(wù)。

而我的工作主要為：對(duì)商戶以及公司客戶進(jìn)行新生支付系統(tǒng)的了解推廣以及介紹，為商戶及公司申請(qǐng)新生支付賬號(hào)，對(duì)新生支付進(jìn)行使用以及對(duì)錦繡大地的一些正在使用新生支付系統(tǒng)的公司進(jìn)行操作上的培訓(xùn)以及解答，給錦繡大地管理員進(jìn)行錦繡大地結(jié)算卡的培訓(xùn)與使用介紹。

① 新生支付業(yè)務(wù)了解及推廣

在我剛開(kāi)始接觸新生支付系統(tǒng)的時(shí)候我只是通過(guò)從大新華易物流總部那個(gè)得到的相關(guān)資料對(duì)新生支付系統(tǒng)僅有初步的了解，之后我通過(guò)聯(lián)系易物流總部運(yùn)營(yíng)部的蘇珊周嘉華等人，對(duì)新生支付系統(tǒng)有了更深刻的了解，同時(shí)，錦繡大地的一些公司對(duì)新生支付也比較有興趣，這正好可以讓我在實(shí)際操作中了解新生支付以及對(duì)其進(jìn)行推廣，在推廣過(guò)程中，我了解到了客戶的信息，并準(zhǔn)備通過(guò)他們提交的信息為他們申請(qǐng)支付平臺(tái)的賬號(hào)。

② 新生賬號(hào)的申請(qǐng)

從向總部的相關(guān)人員咨詢中我了解到，只有申請(qǐng)到了新生平臺(tái)賬號(hào)才能在新生平臺(tái)進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)的使用。申請(qǐng)賬號(hào)時(shí)需要備其以下資料：商戶信息調(diào)查表完整填寫(xiě)，營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照副本，稅務(wù)登記證，組織機(jī)構(gòu)代碼證，法人身份證（都需要復(fù)印件），同時(shí)要簽訂協(xié)議并上報(bào)公文，在協(xié)議中，要明確的是結(jié)算時(shí)間，這個(gè)主要跟客戶在使用平臺(tái)時(shí)付款的到賬時(shí)間有關(guān)，一般為T(mén)+1。了更好更快的推廣新生支付平臺(tái)，我通過(guò)以上的要求在1個(gè)半月的時(shí)間里為錦繡大地的5家公司開(kāi)了新生平臺(tái)賬號(hào)。

③ 新生支付平臺(tái)的使用培訓(xùn)

在申請(qǐng)完新生支付平臺(tái)賬號(hào)后，我將幫助客戶進(jìn)行賬號(hào)的注冊(cè)，登陸密碼和支付密碼啊的設(shè)定，之后就可以在使用了。一般的客戶主要在平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行大額款項(xiàng)的往來(lái)、單比付款、批量付款。單筆付款主要是面向個(gè)人或者是一家公司，批量付款則是這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的一大優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在一張excel表里可以把所有付款信息填入里面，無(wú)論多少人，多少公司都可以，這時(shí)，需要在設(shè)置另一個(gè)操作員的賬號(hào)，由于批量付款涉及金融較大，數(shù)量較多，所有對(duì)系統(tǒng)會(huì)在批量付款時(shí)需要業(yè)務(wù)復(fù)核。在這半年里，這5家公司通過(guò)批量付款進(jìn)行過(guò)工資發(fā)放，退付款的發(fā)放等等，而且他們每天都在新生平臺(tái)進(jìn)行金額的代收代付業(yè)務(wù)。

④ 錦繡大地結(jié)算卡

我們?cè)阱\繡大地推廣新生系統(tǒng)的同時(shí)，為了給商戶們帶來(lái)更便利的金融服務(wù)，我們推出了錦繡大地結(jié)算卡，這是一張預(yù)付費(fèi)卡，可記名可掛失。商戶們可以通過(guò)這張卡在錦繡大地的結(jié)算中心進(jìn)行現(xiàn)金存取，存支票，轉(zhuǎn)賬等業(yè)務(wù)。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)把這張結(jié)算卡的主要功能給我們講解完后，在半個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，我們基本上把這張卡的功能全部了解了。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的要求下，我們分層給錦繡大地的管理員們進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，之后找到每層的大商戶，分層分批次的跟他們進(jìn)行結(jié)算卡的推廣。我們以錦繡大地聯(lián)合農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品批發(fā)市場(chǎng)有限公司名，為其申請(qǐng)了新生平臺(tái)賬號(hào)，結(jié)算中心通過(guò)錦繡大地的新生平臺(tái)進(jìn)行代收代付的業(yè)務(wù)。

感受與不足

在進(jìn)入海航集團(tuán)的這半年里我感受到了海航大家庭的溫暖，體會(huì)到了海航精神，體會(huì)到了“共同理想、共同信仰、共同追求、共同理念”，體會(huì)到海航將追求品質(zhì)貫穿到每位海航人的每件工作中，以“誠(chéng)信、業(yè)績(jī)、創(chuàng)新”為理念，賦予了“海航”這個(gè)符號(hào)高品質(zhì)的形象，奠定了海航事業(yè)長(zhǎng)青不凋的基石。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和同事的幫助下，自己成長(zhǎng)了許多也成熟了許多，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)交給自己的任務(wù)，自己可以獨(dú)立完成，做到獨(dú)當(dāng)一面。體會(huì)到了海航精神里面的為自己做點(diǎn)事，為他們做點(diǎn)事。

自己在很多方面都有不足的地方，首先我認(rèn)為我對(duì)第三方支付的這個(gè)概念了解的不是很全面，而且對(duì)金融這方面的知識(shí)了解的不是很多，自己應(yīng)該在周末和休息時(shí)間多學(xué)一些金融方面的知識(shí)，多看一些金融方面的書(shū)籍。海航是一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力很強(qiáng)的企業(yè)，如果不學(xué)習(xí)不總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)早晚會(huì)被海航淘汰，在海航一定要多學(xué)習(xí)，多總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，使自己不斷成長(zhǎng)，這樣才能讓自己站得住腳。自己在工作中可能還是有些馬虎大意，這在以后工作中是一定不行的，自己所涉及的都是金額較大的工作，所以一定要認(rèn)真。

今年馬上就要過(guò)去了，明天可能會(huì)有更多更有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作等著我來(lái)完成，我自己也很期待去鍛煉自己，讓自己變的更成熟穩(wěn)重，可以幫助領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和同事排憂解難，自已一定要積極貫徹“海航十則”精神，團(tuán)結(jié)同事，聽(tīng)取別人的意見(jiàn)和建議，多學(xué)習(xí)，多總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，為海航的發(fā)展多出一份力！

In July 2011, I joined the Haihang group，and become a new member of Hainan new information co., LTD., Beijing branch, my position is customer service director.During this short half a year, I am strict with myself and do my job, I have learnt a lot as well as shortcomings.Under the leadership of firm, I change from a girl knows nothing about business to a girl who can make it, now I will share my working conditions and personal experience with all of you, as follows:

Work Introduction:

During this half year, our company mainly focuses on the Beijing big country logistics port, our main task is to develop the third party payment business in the big country.Haihang first obtains the People's Republic of China payment business license in the May 16, 2011 ,and in 2011 January 24th it wins payment system security authentication certificate and, on this basis, developing a payment system called” the new payment system”.By which big businessmen in the country are able to conduct collect and pay service and other related financial services

My work is mainly as follows: introduce the new payment system to merchants and customers, help them to apply for new payment account, operate the training for the new-pay-users as well as to the big country of new payment system, and introduce the using methods for the to big country managers.(1)understanding and promotion for the new payment business

I just started to contact new payment system via the Xinhuayi logistics headquarters and the relevant information, with the help of ZhouJiaHua, Susan and other acquaintances, I have a deeper understanding of the new payment systems.Meanwhile, some companies are interested in new payment, in which I am able to promote it and have a picture of clients in the real operation, and prepare to submit for their payment platform account through their information

(2)Application for the new account

By the relevant consulting from the heads, I learned that only apply for the new platform account can use it for business.Apply for the account calls for the following material: complete merchant information questionnaire, duplicate of business license, tax registration

certificate, organization code certificate, legal person's ID card(all need copy), and at the same time they need to sign the agreement, and hand in it.What shall be clearly is the main settlement time, which customers in the use of platform payment should account the time, generally for T + 1.In order to promote new payment platform, I opened new platform account for 5 big companies through the above requirements in one and a half months.(3)training for the use of new payment platform

In the application for the new account payment platform, I will help customers account registration, password, then can be in use.The general

customers are mainly in the platform of the large amount of money than current, single payment, batch payment.Single payment mainly is for an individual or company, batch payment system is the one of the great strengths and, a piece of excel list can put all the payment information inside, no matter how many people and company, at this time, we need to set up another operator account, due to the batch payment involves more quantity, all of the system in batch payment need business review.During this half year, the five companies made salary, pay back the issue, and so on through the batch payment, and they everyday in the new platform for amount of collection and payment business.(4)the big country debit card

We promote new system, at the same time, in order to bring more financial services to traders, we have launched the big country debit card, this is a prepaid card, which can be registered and can report the lost.Traders of the settlement center can have cash access, deposit check, transfer, etc through the card in the big country.After the leader introduces the functions of this debit card, we have a good grasp of it in the coming half month.Under the leadership, we give the detailed training to managers and big fishes about the debit card.Our big country,agricultural and sideline products wholesale market co., LTD., applies for the new platform account, settlement center collects and pays business through the new platform.Feeling and shortage

During the half year in Haihang group, I felt the warm of this family, and realize the process of spirit, “same ideal, same beliefs, same pursuit, and same idea”, realize to the Haihang will pursue the quality through the process of each piece of work, take “the faith, performance,innovation” for the concept, shape “Haihang” the image of high quality, laid the solid foundation of the development.With the help of leadership and colleagues, I grow up and become mature.I am able to finish the task on myself which realize the spirit “one for all, all for one”.I have some shortcomings, to begin with, I don’t have a clear picture of third party payment and also lack for financial knowledge, I should spare the weekend time to do more reading and learn more about them.Haihang is a very competitive enterprise, without learning and summing up experiences one is easily be eliminated.In this company, I must learn the lessons to make myself grow up, only in this way I will earn a position here.I am careless sometimes in the work, which is not allowed because it is involved in the large amount of money, so I must serious.This year will be the past, more challenges are waiting for me, I, myself, also looking forward to exercise myself, and learn to be more mature.I can help leaders and colleagues to solve problems, and I do stick for the spirit, I will unify colleagues, take their suggestions and advise, learn to sum up experience and lessons to make a contribution to Haihang!

第四篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯

“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move，” said David Belle, the founder of parkour(跑酷)．

Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring.But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale？Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way.It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.Yes, that’s parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body.Parkour is considered an extreme sport.As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy(理念)behind parkour.This is the same as life.You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back from them in your life, to reach the destination successfully.A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.” Another philosophy we’ve learnt from parkour is freedom.It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world.It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself that you earn energy and confidence.()1.Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of ________.A．its founder, David Belle B．the film Casino Royale C．its risks and tricks D．the varieties of participants()2.The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”． A．streets

B．objects

C．barriers

D．roofs()3.Which of the following is TRUE of parkour? A．It challenges human abilities.B．It is a good but boring sport.C．It needs special training.D．It is a team sport.()4.As its participants move around a city, ________.A．they can ask for help B．they may choose to escape C．they should run to extremes D．they must learn to survive()5.Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour? A．Sports and extremes.B．Excitement and popularity.C．Dreams and success.D．Determination and freedom “我們的目標(biāo)是把我們的藝術(shù)走向世界，讓人們了解什么是移動(dòng)的，說(shuō)：”戴維貝爾，跑酷的創(chuàng)始人（跑酷）。你喜歡跑步嗎？這是一個(gè)很好的鍛煉，但許多人覺(jué)得很無(wú)聊。但如果你早上慢跑一個(gè)具有創(chuàng)造性的人？就像跳圍墻和差距，和地面卷嗎？就像在電影皇家賭場(chǎng)的杰姆斯邦德？鍵跳躍從屋頂?shù)酱芭_(tái)上，然后越過(guò)障礙的道路上幾塊。這是因?yàn)閭木时硌荩w育已經(jīng)成為風(fēng)靡全球。是的，這是一個(gè)極端的街頭運(yùn)動(dòng)跑酷，旨在從一個(gè)點(diǎn)到另一個(gè)盡可能快，要在路上的一切障礙，只使用了人體的能力。跑酷是一項(xiàng)極端的運(yùn)動(dòng)。為參加短跑在城市周?chē)麄兛赡軙?huì)跳過(guò)柵欄，跑上墻，甚至從屋頂。跑酷也一樣令人興奮和迷人的聲音，但其參與者看到跑酷多。克服了所有困難的課程和生活哲理的部分（理念）在跑酷。這是一樣的生活。你必須確定你的目的地，筆直走，跳過(guò)所有的障礙，如在跑酷永不后退從他們?cè)谀愕纳钪校晒Φ剡_(dá)到目的地。一個(gè)跑酷愛(ài)好者說(shuō)，“我愛(ài)跑酷因?yàn)槠湔軐W(xué)已經(jīng)成為我的生活，我做的一切。”另一種哲學(xué)，我們學(xué)會(huì)了從跑酷是自由的。它可以通過(guò)任何人，在任何時(shí)間，在世界的任何地方。它是一種信任自己，你獲得的能量和自信的表達(dá)。（）1.parkour風(fēng)靡世界因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。利用其創(chuàng)始人，戴維Belle該電影皇家賭場(chǎng)c.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和技巧的品種的參與者（）2.下劃線的單詞“障礙”2段意思相近的“________”。b.objects街頭c.barriers d.roofs（）下列內(nèi)容，是真正的跑酷？A.它挑戰(zhàn)人類(lèi)的能力。這是一個(gè)很好的但無(wú)聊的運(yùn)動(dòng)。它需要特殊的訓(xùn)練。這是一項(xiàng)團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。（）4.as參與者將周?chē)某鞘校琠_______。他們可以尋求幫助，他們可能會(huì)選擇逃避他們應(yīng)該走極端他們必須學(xué)會(huì)生存（）下列5.which是跑酷的哲學(xué)？A.體育和極端。B.興奮和普及。C.夢(mèng)想與成功。D.確定和自由

【要點(diǎn)綜述】 電影中的邦德讓跑酷運(yùn)動(dòng)風(fēng)靡全球，它既是對(duì)人體能力極限的挑戰(zhàn)，也是對(duì)人生意志與自由的追求。1．B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知跑酷之所以風(fēng)靡全球是受《皇家賭場(chǎng)中主人公邦德精彩表演的影響。2．C 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中間部分的“jump over all the barriers as if in parkour”可知畫(huà)線詞與C項(xiàng)“障礙”意思最接近。3．A 根據(jù)第三段中的“getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body”可知跑酷是對(duì)人體能力的挑戰(zhàn)。4．C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二、三段最后兩句中的內(nèi)容可推測(cè)他們應(yīng)該跑到極限。5．D 推理判斷題。結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中內(nèi)容以及最后一段第一句中內(nèi)容可知跑酷的理念是決心和自由

第五篇：英語(yǔ)翻譯

1.As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals.Bonded together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends.As to what friendship is, people have different notions / ideas.Some make friends for mutual utility.Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up.However, a lot more people long for “soul pals”— those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together.Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and encourage us to have the courage of our convictions.Such is what we call “true and perfect friendship”.2.After dinner, we all sat around the hearth.Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert.In her soft voice she told us about their past years.Uncle Robert joined the army shortly after they were engaged.Given the critical situation at the time when lots of army men didn’t return alive, you can imagine how much overjoyed Aunt Susan was to see Uncle Robert come back safe and sound from the European battlefield.Then they got married and brought up five children.For all those years, their affection for each other grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life.I was fascinated by Aunt Susan’s story, which was totally different from my ideal of love.They practiced giving and sharing in their daily life instead of pursuing passion and romance.Amazingly, such love lasted through their whole life.3.Happiness must have much to do with money.After all, a hard life will wear out one’s sense of joy.However, happiness doesn’t derive from money alone.Today’s society as a whole has seen dramatic improvement in the standard of living, and the majority of people are decently fed and clothed.However, are people happier today? In fact, when the mass media and commercial advertisements are still reinforcing the notion that to be happy is to possess more, people find themselves longing more earnestly than ever for a happy and healthy spiritual life: being loved, respected, feeling safe and proud of realizing their self-value.As a wise man once pointed out, happiness lies in the positive attitude one holds towards life other than how much money one earns.Those millionaires who view life as boring and empty serve as good negative examples.5.Scientific development has brought about global changes in educational thought.It not only generates such a new form of education as “virtual universities” but turns “l(fā)ifelong learning” into a workable project.In addition, people today seem to be in favor of practical knowledge.But whatever changes there might have been, education must stick to its classic role: to enlighten learners.Confronted with the new problems of this century, we still expect that education should put more emphasis on cultivating learners' competence to think critically and to work collaboratively / with team spirit.Furthermore, we hope that education will take the responsibility of promoting traditional virtues by guiding learners to dispense with negative desires like greed, lust and violence.6.Once transplanted abroad, people will feel anxious and even lose the capacity to deal with daily routines.This problem is attributed to the disappearance of the surroundings we have been used to.Then, what should we do so as to change the life styles and patterns built up in us over so many years? First, we should be more tolerant towards people with cultural backgrounds different from ours.To get over frustrations caused by culture shock, we should try to adapt ourselves to the new environment and get along with our workmates harmoniously.Furthermore, we should never identify a person with the nationality he represents or proceed to hate the person’s culture only because we don’t like him.In fact, to preserve our national culture is not to resist foreign ones.8.In the modern society, how does competition work in combination with cooperation? Firstly, scarcity leads to competition.Players of the same football team compete for slots on the team, and this team competes against other teams for victory.In a work place, colleagues compete for higher positions.And also in business, firms become rivals for more consumers and a bigger market share.But meanwhile competition is inseparable from cooperation.Players have to cooperate efficiently with one another to win the championships for their team.Colleagues have to cooperate to accomplish their shared task.Firms try their best to cooperate to lobby the agencies of business administration for the greatest privileges.All in all, individuals as well as teams are subjected to both competition and cooperation.The two together nourish the social development so that we can enjoy a more prosperous and harmonious world.