第一篇：英語翻譯

淺談《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中的道德沖突

論文關鍵詞：莎士比亞 《羅密歐與朱麗葉》 道德沖突

論文摘要：本文通過對道德沖突這一概念的引入和分析，揭示了莎士比亞的古典愛情悲劇《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中主人公羅密歐和朱麗葉所面臨的來自封建舊生活與文藝復興新生活以及兩個封建家族之間的歷史恩怨所帶來的矛盾沖突；并試圖探尋歐洲文藝復興時期人們的人生觀、價值觀和審美取向，以及作為這個歷史時代先進的人文主義者莎士比亞的個性解放、自由平等的資產階級新思想。

所謂道德沖突指的是行為者面臨這樣一種處境：不同道德原則和道德規范對同一行為提出了不同的要求，迫使行為主體在兩者之間作出抉擇。面對此情此景，行為者不能同時遵守兩者的要求，必須為了執行某個道德原則或規范而放棄另一道德原則或規范，為了實現某種道德價值而犧牲另一種道德價值。也就是說，面對道德沖突，個體無論作出什么樣的選擇，都必然帶來一定的犧牲。在《羅密歐與朱麗葉》這部作品中，男女主人公生活的開始、展開與結束，就始終貫穿著這樣一種道德沖突，而且最終以道德沖突的“徹底”解決，兩人選擇死亡而告終。

所以，在引導學生學習這部作品的過程中，握這種道德上的沖突，通過揭示主人公所面對的道德上矛盾與選擇，準確地把握主人公的內心世界與精神面貌。

l作者及作品簡介

威廉·莎士比亞(1564～1616)是英國最著名的戲劇家和詩人，歐洲文藝復興時期人文主義文學的集大成者。莎士比亞在戲劇和詩歌創作方面都作出了巨大的貢獻，他一生寫過37個劇本、兩部長詩和一部十四行詩集，直到今天他的影響力仍彌久而深遠。1984年選舉世界1O名偉大作家時，莎士比亞名列第一；他被譽為“奧林匹亞山上的宙斯”。如今，“莎教師就要把學”已成為一門世界性的學問，其作品已被譯成7O種文字，成為僅次于《圣經》的印刷品。

《羅密歐與朱麗葉》是這位英國偉大的戲劇作家于1595年完成的早期創作，被譽為“世界上最偉大、最典型的愛情悲劇”。作品取材于兩個世仇家族的子女：羅密歐與朱麗葉互相傾慕、一見鐘情，但種種現實原因和偶然因素使他們的戀愛注定以失敗而收尾。男女主人公沖破家族仇恨的世俗、義無反顧地追求著一份純真的愛情，最終雙雙殉情而死，而兩大家族卻因此和解。莎翁在作品中通過一幕幕生死離別的愛情故事嚴厲譴責了封建家族的內訌和包辦婚姻，并對追求愛情和自由青年男女給予熱情的贊揚，充分體現出人文主義的思想。封建勢力之間形成的悲劇性的道德沖突連同人文主義的愛情理想和封建觀念無不以一種莎翁獨有的表現方式震撼并感染著讀者的心靈，引發了人們對這些現象更深層次的思考和探究，使讀者更好地認識了階級社會發展的特點和規律。

2道德沖突

2．1封建舊生活與文藝復興新生活的矛盾沖突帶給主人公的道德沖突

道德沖突是社會階層矛盾的特殊反映。在道德選擇的過程中，遵循不同的道德標準，即會產生出不同的道德和價值取向。道德沖突的特殊性則在于行為者在面對不同的道德準則時，往往處在進退兩難的尷尬境地——遵循了某一道德準則要求的同時卻違背了另一種道德規范；保全了這方利益，卻又難也避免地損害并觸犯了另一方。在現實社會生活中各類的道德沖突是普遍存在的，而其中的客觀性和必然性也是必須認真面對并冷靜分析的問題。羅密歐和朱麗葉生活在黑暗的行將崩潰的中世紀，這一時期雖然資本主義的曙光已經顯現，但腐朽的封建制度以及封建的倫理觀念仍然占有重要地位；也就是說，羅密歐與朱麗葉之間的愛情實際上一開始就是在傳統的倫理道德與新的道德之間產生的，盡管新生的力量還不強大，但是它反映了社會發展的一種方向。因此，這也注定了羅密歐與朱麗葉兩人之間的愛情不可避免地受到封建世俗觀念的沖擊，他們之間的愛情時時有風雨襲來。羅密歐與朱麗葉的一見鐘情，使他們陷入了自有愛情和封建世仇的矛盾之中。他們純潔美好的愛情理想能否實現取決于他們的自由意志與周圍環境斗爭的結果，而整部戲則圍繞這一沖突展開。羅密歐與朱麗葉生存的時代雖然處于中世紀封建統治的時期，但在這個追求個性解放、思想自由的人文主義理念不斷發展的時代，人們開始同腐朽沒落的封建統治進行激烈的斗爭。戲劇的主人公羅密歐和朱麗葉，首先面對的矛盾是屈從于封建的傳統還是勇敢地追求愛情生活。追求愛情生活，就意味著違背常理，不為傳統所接受；放棄愛情生活，就意味著要忍受沒有愛情的人生。深受時代精神影響的羅密歐與朱麗葉選擇了以堅決的態度和勇敢的犧牲精神去捍衛人性的尊嚴和自由，追求屬于自己的一份純潔而美好的愛情，最終兩人在勞倫斯神父的幫助下幸福地完成了婚事。然而，他們選擇新生活的結果，必然遭到封建勢力的壓迫與排擠。作品當中提伯爾特的挑釁，便意味著一種封建勢力對他們愛情生活的壓迫。面對這樣的壓迫，對生活無限熱愛的羅密歐，希望通過自己的努力來化解種種矛盾，為了自己的新生活一忍再忍，并且公開表示尊重仇人的姓氏就像尊重自己的姓氏一樣。但是這種忍讓換來的不是他想要的結果，而是不得已的決斗。而羅密歐的決斗，又象征了一種反抗精神，但這種反抗精神，招來的是更為悲慘的結局。羅密歐因為參加決斗而遭到放逐，使得剛剛作了幾個鐘頭的幸福的新郎、新娘面對痛苦的分離；羅密歐被放逐，朱麗葉必須在新生活與舊傳統之間作出抉擇。面對凱普萊特的逼婚，朱麗葉開始與封建勢力正面的沖突，愛情給予她巨大力量和智慧，她毫不畏懼，毫不遲疑地違抗父命，果斷地拒絕與帕里斯結婚。她理智、沉著地應戰，先是借口表兄暴死，悲傷使她不能結婚；爾后又借口去懺悔，最后得到神父的再次幫助，吞服安眠藥，假裝死亡，取得勝利。然而，這種勝利只是暫時性的，無論她怎樣地充滿理智與智慧，封建勢力都不會讓它得到真正的幸福。正如羅密歐在臨死前意識到的那樣，他們面對的不是一個家族，而是這“萬惡世紀”，是充滿了腐朽意識、充滿了偏見的封建社會。

2．2兩個家族之間的矛盾沖突引起的主人公的道德沖突

在現實社會生活中，人們往往同時扮演多種不同的社會角色，繼而也會面臨道德選擇的多重標準和要求。人們會經常由于要遵守道德體系中某一準則和要求，無形中觸犯和違背了另一種準則和要求，導致了道德沖突的種種局面和情形。顯然，同一道德體系下的不同道德要求都有其自身的道德價值，道德沖突其實就是一種利益的選擇和判斷，體現出的實則是大與小、重與輕、緩與急、高層次要求和低層次要求之間的矛盾。

在《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中，封建世仇的代表是雙方的家族。兩位主人公均出生于意大利維羅納城的兩個名門望族；不論是凱普萊特，還是蒙太古家庭，都不會允許自己的子女追求婚姻自由。而且，這兩個富有的貴族凱普萊特與蒙太古家族，很久以來就有世仇，兩家結怨多年，互相爭斗，視對方為仇敵；在街上偶然相遇尚且會引起械斗，更別說是容忍自己的后代之間發生真摯的愛情了。可以說，他們的家族矛盾時刻處在一種水火不容的爆發邊緣。兩位主人公遇到的第二個道德上的沖突實質就是維護家族的尊嚴與追求愛情的道德上的沖突。這一對封建家族仇恨的犧牲品在追求愛情生活的道路上，不僅受困于腐朽的封建倫理道德，而且也遇到了來自家庭內部的壓迫。在這部作品中，不論是羅密歐還是朱麗葉在追求愛情的過程中，內心始終充滿了是維護家族尊嚴還是追求愛情生活的矛盾和斗爭。

男主人公羅密歐不同于一般的貴族青年，他真摯、多情，對封建家族的世仇的態度是冷淡的，也是理智的。他無視家族仇恨，勇敢地參加凱普萊特家的舞會，與朱麗葉相遇后，被朱麗葉的美貌深深地打動，認為朱麗葉像是“天上的明珠降落人間”，“火炬遠不及她的光明”，真誠地愛上了朱麗葉。當他知道自己無意中愛上了他的仇人，這件事讓他很苦惱。而苦惱的原因，也正是因為兩個家族之間存在著的難以化解的恩恩怨怨。在維護家族與追求愛情兩者的沖突中，他選擇了追求愛情。當他面對被放逐的命運時，他的內心再一次面臨沖突，不愿忍受孤獨更不愿意離開心愛的人，他覺得被放逐比死刑更可怕。當他獲悉朱麗葉已死，他雖

然立刻購買毒藥前往朱麗葉的墓地，并決心服毒自殺，但在他l臨死前卻說，“來，苦味的向導，絕望的領港人，現在趕快把你的厭倦于風濤的船舶向那巖上沖撞過去吧!為了我的愛人，我干了這一杯!’這是羅密歐內心世界的真實獨白，表達了他反對封建傳統、捍衛愛情權利的意志與決心。這一次，羅密歐遇到了生與死的沖突，雖然為了愛情，他義無返顧，但他追求的是一種純真的愛情、美好的生活，而不是看到心愛的人離開人世。他多么希望與自己心愛的人過一種幸福的生活啊!但不論他怎樣地掙扎，卻一步步離他心中的幸福生活越越遠，他痛恨，“苦味”的向導，“絕望”的領港人，但，為了心中的愛情，“我干了這一杯”。

女主人公朱麗葉在父母眼里是個循規蹈矩的姑娘，被捧之為掌上明珠。但是在假面舞會上遇到羅密歐后，頓時便一見鐘情。在和羅密歐相愛的過程中，她也是充滿了內心的矛盾與斗爭，面臨著種種道德沖突。初次見到羅密歐就深深地愛上了他，但他卻是自己的家族世仇蒙太古的公子，是維護由封建偏見鑄成的家族尊嚴，還是沖破偏見追求真正的愛情，這不能不引起朱麗葉思想上的矛盾和斗爭。她充滿柔情地呼喚著羅密歐，“羅密歐啊，羅密歐!為什么你偏偏是羅密歐呢?否認你的父親，拋棄你的姓名吧!也許你不愿意這樣做，那么只要你宣誓做我的愛人，我也不愿再姓凱普菜特了。”作者在這里真實地描繪出了朱麗葉的內心世界的矛盾。當羅密歐不得已刺死了尋釁的提伯爾特，將要被放逐時，朱麗葉的內心又面臨著第二次的矛盾和斗爭，一方面是自己的表兄被殺，另一方面“兇手”正是自己的愛人；前者代表舊的生活，后者代表新的生活，在“新”與“舊”之間，朱麗葉再次陷入了痛苦和迷惘。在羅密歐被放逐的日子里，父親逼迫她嫁給親王的親戚伯爵帕里斯．朱麗葉的內心又再次充滿了矛盾與斗爭；是屈從于父母之命，像封建道德所要求的那樣，做個百依百順的好女兒、好妻子呢，還是維護自己做人的尊嚴，維護自己爭取幸福的權利呢?朱麗葉這種內心的矛盾與斗爭，實際上仍然是新舊兩種道德之間的斗爭和沖突的反映。這種內心的矛盾與沖突，細致地刻畫出了主人公的內心世界與精神面貌；也正是因為這樣的矛盾與沖突，我們看到了一個有血有肉、感情豐富的朱麗葉。

在整部作品之中，兩位主人公始終充滿著青春的朝氣與活力，他們在追求愛情自由和婚姻幸福的道路上，展現出了新時代的人文氣息和抗爭精神；他們的愛轟轟烈烈、堅貞不屈，他們以自己短暫卻又氣勢磅礴的一生詮釋了愛情的真諦和崇高的人生信仰與追求，譜寫了一曲激情洋溢的青春之歌。

3結語

《羅密歐與朱麗葉》不僅體現了莎士比亞在早期作品中大力宣揚的以個性解放為核心的人文主義思來想，即肯定現世生活，認為現世幸福高于一切，人生的目的就是追求個人自由和個人幸福；而且反映出羅密歐與朱麗葉在中世紀腐朽而野蠻的倫理觀念和強大的封建勢力的壓迫下堅定不移地追求自由、幸福生活的人生理想。透過《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中主人公所面臨的種種道德沖突、道德思考以及道德選擇，莎士比亞筆下的人物的形象既顯得非常生動，同時又是如此的真實。莎翁更是將生活的多樣性與矛盾性活生生地展示在了讀者的面前，一方面是封建傳統制度與倫理道德，另一方面是那個歷史時代人文主義者的理想和追求。任何一部文學作品中，藝術典型總是一定時代、一定社會力量的代表。它們都反映著一定社會力量的要求，羅密歐與朱麗葉就是符合人文主義理想的正面人物。當羅密歐和朱麗葉陷入自由愛情與封建家族世仇的矛盾中時，他們選擇了積極的抗爭，用結束生命這樣堅決的行為，捍衛了他們愛情的自由與尊嚴，顯示出了人文主義精神的偉大。

羅密歐與朱麗葉的性格和思想特征對于封建貴族階級來說是個特殊的現象，但莎士比亞在對這兩個主人公的刻畫中，概括出了現實生活中新舊兩種思想的不可調和的矛盾性和斗爭性，以及人們對美好理想和生活的熱烈追求。這部作品更是反應出作為這個歷史時代先進的人文主義者莎士比亞的希望和追求。男女主人公的純潔的愛情、互相忠誠的力量，以及對封建道德偏見的反抗精神，都表現了封建社會崩潰前夕人民的典型特征；這也使得羅密歐與朱

麗葉成為深受讀者喜愛的，具有無限生命力的藝術形象。由此，我們更可強烈地感受到文學巨匠莎士比亞那高超的藝術手法與卓越的藝術才能。

第二篇：英語翻譯[模版]

Unit 1

1.被警察詢問時，杰夫極力保持冷靜，沉著地回答每個問題。

Jeff tried to keep his composure and answer every question calmly when inquired by the policeman.2.油價不斷上漲，世界各國都不同程度地受到了影響。

With oil prices keeping on increasing, all the countries in the world have been affected(in)one way or another.3.他在會上提出了一系列可能避免環境污染的措施。

At the meeting he proposed a series of measures that might ward off the environmental pollution.4.邁克向他父親保證他一定會全身心投入到即將到來的比賽上。

Mike assured his father that he would put his whole heart into the coming competition.5.一旦瑪麗下定決心，就絕不會動搖。

Mary will never waver once she makes up her mind.Unit 3

1.天氣驟然變壞，尋找傷員的工作要加緊進行。

Efforts to reach the injured men should be intensified because of the sudden deterioration in weather conditions.2.有些人可能沉溺于網上沖浪，這會危害他們的身心健康。

Some people may be addicted to net surfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.3.地球和它表面的一切，不管是有生命的還是沒有生命的，相互作用來影響我們的生活。

The Earth and everything on it, living and nonliving, interact to exert influence on the life we have.4.窮人和殘疾人依靠政府的救濟維持生計。

Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.5.到目前為止，還沒有跡象表明人們對此品牌感到疲倦。So far there is no sign of fatigue with the brand.Unit 4

1.在一個沒有為高溫炎熱做好準備的國家，這是緊急事件。

In a country that is not equipped for severe heat, this is an emergency.2.房間里鬧哄哄的，他不得不豎起耳朵來聽電話。

It was so noisy in the room that he had to pull his ears to hear the phone.3.這是一項令人興奮的工作，但有幾分危險。This is an exciting job, but kind of dangerous.4.很難預測這些事情的結果是什么。

It is hard to predict how these things will turn out.5.誰也不知道怎么辦。即使知道也將會是摸著石頭過河。

Nobody knows how to figure them out.Even if somebody seems to know, it is still “crossing a river by feeling for the stones”.Unit 6

1.他用冷漠的態度面對別人的侮辱。

He reacted to the insult by acting as cold as ice.2.在生活中，有原則的人寧愿死得有尊嚴也不愿茍且偷生。

In life, a man of principle prefers to die with dignity instead of living in disgrace.3.幾個警察不得不護送這位裁判離開足球場。

Several policemen had to escort the referee from the football field.4.她總覺得自己受制于人。

She always has the feeling that she is being manipulated.5.萬一有特殊情況，學生們應該向警察求助。

In case of exceptional circumstances, students should turn to the police for help.

第三篇：英語翻譯

精讀Unit1 1)Mrs.Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.史密斯太太對我抱怨說，她經常發現與自己十六歲的女兒簡直無法溝通。2)I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.我堅信，閱讀簡寫的英文小說是擴大我們詞匯量的一種輕松愉快的方法。

3)I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.我認為我們在保護環境不受污染方面還做得不夠。4)Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.除了每周寫作文外，我們的英語老師還給我們布置了八本書在暑假里閱讀。

5)We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.我們從可靠的消息來源獲悉下學期一位以英語為母語的人將要教我們英語口語。

6)Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.經常看英語電影不僅會提高你的聽力，而且還會幫助你培養說的技能。

7)If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me.And I’ll explain them in greater detail.如果你們對這些學習策略有什么問題，請隨便問我。我將更詳細地進行講解。8)The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese.That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.那個加拿大女孩善于抓住每個機會講漢語。這就是她為什么三年不到就熟練地掌握了漢語口語的原因。

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精讀Unit4 1)To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn't mind。

接受這份工作就得經常在周末上班，但約翰并不在意。2)It is well known that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much.眾所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸煙過多而引起的。3)My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood.我祖父母說，發明電視的那個人曾住在他們那個地段。

4)I propose that we go to find Prof.Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening。

我提議咱們會后馬上去辦公室找史密斯教授，邀請他參加我們的英語晚會。

5)Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up.她因那病開過兩次刀，身體十分虛弱，幾乎站不起來。

6)Educators think that the generation growing up with television spends so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study.教育家們認為，伴隨著電視機長大的一代人，在電視機前花的時間太多，以致沒有足夠的時間學習了。

7)I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this one.我真希望你能拿出一個比這更好的解決辦法來。

8)At first glance the picture didn't look very good, but after examining it carefully, we found that it was indeed a masterpiece.乍一看，這幅畫并不好，但經過仔細觀察，我們才發現它的確是一幅杰作。

精讀Unit6 1)It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a

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flood.據報道，那條鐵路曾因洪水而停止修建。2)The strike resulted in the management's accepting the workers' demands.罷工結果，資方接受了工人的要求。3)The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions.煤礦工人們決定為爭取更好的工作條件舉行罷工。

4)I'd like very much to buy the English dictionary.Unfortunately, I haven't got enough money on me.我很想買這本英文詞典，遺憾的是我身上帶的錢不夠。

5)I'd like to talk over with you about the English translation of the article before sending it to Mr.Hobbs.我想先和你討論一下這篇文章的英譯稿，然后再把它寄給霍布斯先生。

6)The foreign expert hopes to achieve all his aims in three years.那位外國專家希望在三年內達到所有的目標。

7)What do you think a scientist must do in order to keep up with the latest developments in his field? 一個科學家要跟上本領域的新發展，你認為必須做些什么?

8)The author thinks that if excellent workers get frequent pay increases and promotions, they will have greater incentive to produce.作者認為，如果優秀工人經常得到加薪和提拔，他們就會有更大的生產積極性。

精讀unit9 1)Gases such as carbon monoxide, emitted by factories and automobiles, have seriously polluted the atmosphere.工廠和汽車排出的一氧化碳一類氣體嚴重污染了大氣。

2)The industrial engineer's letter indicates that he doubts the feasibility of the plan.那位工業管理工程師的來信表明，他對該項計劃是否可行有懷疑。3)Many parents in the United States set aside a fund for their children's

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education before they are born.在美國，許多父母在孩子出生之前就為他們的教育留出一筆專款。

4)I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.我已了解清楚，她的結論是以事實為根據的。

5)The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses, set off for the mountain area a few days ago.幾天前，由三位醫生和兩名護士組成的醫療隊出發到山區去了。

6)The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it.這個村莊是以矗立在它前面的那座高山命名的。

7)He was ill for about a month, which has really set him back in his studies.他病了一個月左右，這使他在學習上耽誤了很多。8)The war that broke out between the North and the South in 1861 is known in history as the American Civil War.南方和北方之間于一八六一年爆發的那場戰爭在歷史上稱為“美國內戰”。

泛讀text1 1)Faced with a lot of evidence, the man had to admit that he was the head of the drug ring.這些人面對許多證據，不得不承認他是販毒團伙的頭目。2)Tommy offered to drive us to the seaside in his car, but insisted we should share the petrol costs.湯米主動提出開他的車送我們去海濱，但堅持要我們分擔汽油費。

3)On-the-job smoking is not allowed in our company.So many employees have to give up smoking or reduce the amount they smoke.我們公司不允許上班時吸煙。于是許多雇員不得不戒煙或者減少吸煙量。

4)When you apply for a job, the first thing the employer sees is your resume.當你申請職位時，雇主首先看到你的履歷。

5)When you find yourself often upset about small matters, you’d better

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cultivate a hobby.你如果發現自己常為一些小事煩惱，你最好培養一種興趣愛好。

泛讀text8 1）Those who expect to have a good command of English within a few months should bear in mind that there is no short cut in language learning.那些指望在幾個月內就掌握英語的人應該記住，語言學習沒有捷徑可走。

2)It’s a great idea to stay overnight at your house, but I had better talk it over with my parents in case they don’t agree.在你家過夜是個好主意，但是我最好還是跟我父母商量一下，以防他們不同意。

3)He advised me to make sure that the second-hand car was in good condition before I made a decision to buy it.他忠告我在決定買那輛二手車前先弄清楚車況是否良好。

4)If you don’t cut in half the numbers of the courses you’re going to take next semester, I’m sure you will be weighed down.如果你不把下學期要選的課程門數減半，我肯定到時你會累垮。

5.As for my house in the countryside, I only live there every summer;I don’t intend to move in for good.至于我在鄉下的那套房子，我只是每年夏天去住一下，并不打算永久遷人。

泛讀text19

1)Employees hate seeing their boss walking in and out of their office without even giving them a glance

雇員們最討厭看見老板進進出出辦公室二不屑看他們一眼。

2)If we stay up till three in the morning, we’ll be able to hear the American election results.如果我們熬到凌晨3點，就能聽到美國大選的結果。3)A policeman has to know as much law as a professional lawyer.He should know what actions are crimes and what evidence he should gather to prove the crimes in courts.一名警察必須像一位職業律師一樣通曉法律。

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他應當知道什么行為是犯罪，他應當收集什么樣的證據在法庭上證實這些罪行。

4)Your father is talking business with his colleagues in the study.So don’t bother him.你父親在書房里和他的同事談正事，請不要打撈他。5)Mary and I are good friends.We can read each other’s minds and know each other’s deepest secrets.瑪麗和我是好朋友。我們能看出彼此的心事，并知道對方心中深藏的秘密。

6)We have to increase our sales one way or another.We can sell our sportswear through big department stores and supermarkets instead of the small, specialist shops.無論如何我們得擴大營銷量。我們可以通過大百貨商場和超市而不是小的專賣店來出售我們的運動服。

泛讀text24 1)Each day there are a good number of people on their way to somewhere around the world.Some are travelling for pleasure, while others on business.每天都有很多人到世界各地旅行。有的外出游玩，有的因公出差。

2)When we were travelling in Europe, we usually rode in the train from one country to another.我們在歐洲旅行的時候，通常都是乘火車從一個國家到另一個國家。

3)He drew me a map to make sure I could easily find his apartment.為了確保我能輕松的找到他住的公寓，他給我畫了張地圖。

4)It’s good manners to tip a waiter or waitress for the service you have received when you dine out.在外用餐的時候，為你所得到的服務而付給服務生一些小費是一種禮貌。

5)The worst thing about working in the shop is that you’re on your feet all day.商店里工作最讓人受不了的是你得整天站著。

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第四篇：英語翻譯

英譯中

1.At the foot of the Mt.Huangshan(黃山), in the bend of Xin’an River(新安江), lies the beautiful mountain town called “Tunxi”(“屯溪”).在黃山腳下，新安江灣，坐落著一個美麗的山鎮“屯溪”。

2.The Old Street of Tunxi(屯溪老街)is located in the old city.The street starts in the west at Zhenhai Bridge(鎮海橋), a stone arch bridge built during the Ming Dynasty, and ends in the east at the Memorial Archway(牌坊碑).Its total length is about 1.5km and the street is laid with slab stones(用石板鋪成).屯溪老街位于老街舊城，西起明代修建的石拱橋鎮海橋，東止牌坊碑，全長1.5公里。街道全部用石板鋪成。

3.There are hundreds of old but well preserved rows of shops, evoking a bygone era in buildings that are simple and elegant(淡雅古樸).The shops, workshops and residences have continued to maintain the special layout of ancient stores such as shop in the front and workshop or house in the back(前店后坊、前店后戶).街道兩旁是數百家店鋪，鱗次櫛比，保存完好，透溢出一股過去那種淡雅古樸的建筑風韻。店鋪、倉庫和居所仍然保持了古代商鋪那種前店后坊、前店后戶的特殊結構。

4.Situated at the confluence(交匯處)of the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖)and the Yangtze River(長江)in the north-eastern Hunan Province, Yueyang is a celebrated ancient city of culture.It has been known for “the waters of Dongting are well-known across the land;the tower of Yueyang is simply beyond compare”(“洞庭天下水，岳陽天下樓”)to the world.岳陽位于湖南省東北部，洞庭湖與長江交匯處，是一座文化古城，素有“洞庭天下水，岳陽天下樓”之美譽。

5.Yueyang Tower stands on the west gate of the old city.It is a three-story wooden structure(純木結構建筑), 19 meters tall, with upturned eaves and a helmet shaped roof(飛檐盔頂), supported by four pillars.The structure is a unique combination of artistic taste, mechanics, architecture, and craftsmanship.After you ascend the tower you will have a spectacular view of the Dongting Lake.岳陽樓矗立在老城的西城門上，是一座三層純木結構建筑，由4根大柱子支撐，有19米高，飛檐盔頂，工藝獨特，造型精美。登樓可以欣賞美麗的洞庭風光。

6.The predecessor(前身)of Yueyang Tower was a structure built By Lu Su(魯肅)in the Three Kingdoms Period(三國時期)for reviewing military parades.It was expanded into a tower in 716 by Zhang Shuo(張說)and given its present name.岳陽樓的前身是三國時期魯肅修建的閱兵臺。公元716年，張說在此擴建成樓，并命名為岳陽樓。

7、The snow scene of the West Lake enjoyed very high praise, especially the view of “melting snow at broken bridge”(“斷橋殘雪”)is unique in the winter of the West Lake.西湖雪景最是為人稱道，而“斷橋殘雪”又為西湖冬季的一處獨特景觀。

8.Why it is called as “malting snow on the broken bridge”, there are different sayings(眾說紛紜).One of them is that it snows almost every winter in Hangzhou.“斷橋殘雪”得名由來，眾說紛紜。一說每至冬令時節，杭州必會白雪皚皚。

9.When the sun comes out after snowfall, the snow on the sunny side of the bridge(橋陽面)melts first, while the snow on the shady side still lingers.每當瑞雪初晴，橋陽面冰雪消融，而橋陰面仍然玉砌銀鋪。

10.Zhouzhuang Town(周莊鎮)is located 38 kilometers southeast of Suzhou City，33 kilometers southwest of Kunshan City(昆山市).With a history of more than 900 years, it is just like a pearl set near the bank of Dianshan Lake(淀山湖).周莊鎮位于蘇州城東南38公里，昆山市境內西南33公里，宛如一顆燦爛明珠鑲嵌在淀山湖畔，已有九百余年的歷史。

11.The river course of the town takes the shape of Chinese Character “#”(呈井字型).Houses are all built along the river.Over sixty percent of dwelling-houses out of almost one thousand were built in the Ming or Qing dynasties.古鎮區內河道呈井字型，民居依河筑屋，依水成街。鎮上近千戶人家明清建筑占百分之六十以上。

12.Over the river are 14 bridges built in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, among which there is a unique bridge in China-Fu’an Bridge(富安橋)and the world famous Double Bridge(雙橋).河道上橫跨14座建于元、明、清代的古橋梁，其中有國內僅存的富安橋和聞名中外的雙橋。

13.The Zhang’s Residence was built by Xu Kui’s descendants.The folk sayings that “The sedans enter the front door while boats pass through the house” define its architectural characteristics.徐逵后裔(descendants)建有張廳(The Zhang’s Residence)，民間所說“轎從前門進，船從家中過”(“The sedans enter the front door while boats pass through the house”)生動形象地描繪了其建筑特色。

14.The Shen’s Residence which has 7 courtyards with 5 doors was built by Shen Wansan’s descendants.In addition, there is Ye Chucang’s Former Residence.沈萬山(Shen Wansan)后裔建有七進五門樓的沈廳(The Shen’s Residence), 這里還有葉楚傖故居(Ye Chucang’s Former Residence)等。

15.Mt.Huangshan has all the charm of landscape in China while Zhouzhuang boasts all the beautiful features of Chinese water town.Zhouzhuang is worth of the fame as the “first water town in China.”

黃山集中國山川之美，周莊集中國水鄉之美。周莊被譽為“中國第一水鄉”(the “first water town in China”)，名不虛傳。

16.Mt.Taishan is located in the center of Shandong Province spanning(跨越)the cities of Taian(泰安)and Jinan(濟南), extending for total area of 250 kilometers.泰山位于山東省中部，跨越泰安、濟南兩市。總面積250平方公里。

17.It boasts of a wealth of natural legacies(自然遺產).A large number of scenic spots were given names since ancient times.They include 112 peaks, 98 precipitous ridges, 18 rock caves, 58 odd shaped rocks, 102 streams and valleys, 56 pools and waterfalls, 64 springs.她擁有豐富的自然遺產。景區內自古命名的山峰112座，崖嶺98座，巖洞18處，奇石58塊，溪谷102條，潭池瀑布56處，山泉64處。

18.There are 989 species of plants falling into 114 families, and vegetation coverage(植被覆蓋率)of 79.9 percent.泰山共有植物144科，989種，植被覆蓋率為79.9％。

19.Mt.Qingcheng(青城山)is situated 63 kilometers west of Chengdu(成都).Characterized by its secluded and quiet environment, the scenic area is surrounded by ring-shaped peaks(群峰環繞).青城山坐落于成都市西郊63公里處，群峰環繞，環境幽靜，盡顯清幽本色。

20.It enjoys equal fame for steepness with Jianmen(劍門), for elegance with Mt.Emei(峨眉)and for grandeur with Kuimen(夔門).It has been widely acclaimed as the “most secluded mountain under the heaven”(“青城天下幽”).青城山之幽，與劍門之險，峨眉之秀，夔門之雄齊名，素有“青城天下幽”之美譽。

21.In Chinese Qingcheng literally means “green city”(“綠色的城郭”).Mt.Qingcheng gets its name because the main scenic spots such as the Tianshi Cave(天師洞)are all surrounded by 36 mountain peaks with their forests of lush evergreen trees encircling each spot like a city wall.青城山顧名思義，意為“綠色的城郭”，其主要景點如天師洞青山環列，樹木蔥翠，三十六座山峰層巒迭嶂，狀若城郭，故此得名。

中譯英

1.屯溪老街多數房屋僅為三層，具有鮮明的徽派建筑特色：白粉墻、小青瓦、雕梁畫棟。

Most of the buildings are only three stories high in the Old Street of Tunxi.They are decorated with white walls, small green tiles, wood carvings in the distinct Hui style.2.老街是一條商業步行街。安徽、江浙、福建的商人在此聚集，摩肩接踵，一派“清明上河圖”的景象。

The Old Street is a commercial street that is only for pedestrians.The merchants from Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces jostle each other in a crowd that resembles the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival”.3.一位西歐建筑家到老街時說，在這里他找到了“東方古羅馬”。

An ancient Western-European architect once visited the Old Street and said that he had found “the Eastern Ancient Rome.”

4.1044年，宋代官員滕子京謫守巴陵郡，重修了岳陽樓，并于翌年請當時著名的政治家、文學家范仲淹撰文以記之。

In 1044, Teng Zijing, a Song Dynasty official, was banished to Baling Prefecture and renovated the tower.The following year he asked Fan Zhongyan, a well-known statesman and man of letters of the time, to write an essay to mark the renovated tower.5.這篇名為《岳陽樓記》的文章語言精美，思想深邃，其文學成就無以倫比，因而名揚四方。

The essay entitled Notes on Yueyang Tower, is considered matchless in literary achievement and profound thought, has made the theme of his writing famous far and wide.6.文中一幅對子“先天下這憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”為每個中國人所熟悉。

One couplet in the essay, “Be concerned before anyone else becomes concerned;enjoy yourself only after everyone else finds enjoyment.” has become familiar to every Chinese

7.從附近小山上極目遠眺，那小橋好似橋斷一般。

Looked at a distance or from a nearby hill, the little bridge appears to be broken.8.待到冬日雪霽，佇立橋頭，放眼四望，遠山銀裝素裹，更加嫵媚迷人，是欣賞西湖雪景之佳地。

On fine winter days after a snow, you may stand on the bridge to feast your eyes on the snow scene far and near.Distant hills, clad in white, grow more enchanting.It is a best venue for you to watch the snow scene of the West Lake.9.而中國民間傳說“白蛇傳”又為斷橋景物增添了些許浪漫色彩。

The Chinese folk story “The Tale of White Snake” brings the broken bridge some romance.10.泰山古稱岱山(Daishan)，春秋時期被尊為(revered as)東岳(East Sacred Mountain)。其山勢磅礴雄偉，峰巒突兀峻拔(abruptly rising)，景色壯麗。

Mt.Taishan was known in ancient times as Daishan and revered as the East Sacred Mountain in the Spring and Autumn Period.It presents the loftiness and grandeur with abruptly rising majestic peaks and crests.The sceneries are spectacular.11.中國歷代帝王秦始皇、漢武帝、唐玄宗、清帝乾隆等均曾到泰山封禪(hold grand sacrificial ceremonies)，歷代七十二君主到此祭告天地(offer sacrifices to heaven and earth)。

Many Chinese emperors including Qin Shihuang, Wu Di of the Han Dynasty, Xuan Zong of the Tang Dynasty and Qian Long of the Qing Dynasty held grand sacrificial ceremonies on its summit.All through the dynasties 72 emperors had come here to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth.12.風景區擁有延續數千年的歷史文化遺產。現有古建筑群22處，古遺址97處，歷代碑碣(commemorative stone tablets)819塊，歷代刻石(inscribed rocks)1800余處。

With Cultural legacies handing down through thousands of years, the scenic area houses 22 groups of ancient architectures, 97 ancient remains, 819 commemorative stone tablets and 1,800 inscribed rocks.13.青城山位于四川省西部，群峰環繞，清幽隱逸(tranquil and secluded)，林木清幽，是著名的旅游景點和避暑勝地(summer resort)。

The ring-shaped hills, tranquil and secluded, covered with luxuriant vegetation, make Mt.Qingcheng in the western part of Sichuan Province, a famous tourist site and summer resort.14.作為一座道教名山(a famous Taoist mountain)，道教的發祥地和道教發展的重要基地，青城山已有兩千多年的歷史了。青城山以其清幽的環境和其在道教中的重要性而獨具一格(unique)。

As the birthplace of Taoism and an important base of Taoism development, it has been a famous Taoist mountain for almost 2000 years.Mt.Qingching is unique for its secluded environment and for its Taoist significance.15.1982年，青城山被國務院(State Council)評定為全國首批重點風景名勝區(China National Key Tourist Resort)。2000年，青城山和都江堰(Dujiangyan Irrigation Project)聯名被聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)列入世界文化遺產名錄(List of World Cultural Heritage)。

In 1982, it was ratified as one of first group of China National Key Tourist Resorts by the State Council.In 2000, together with the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, it was inscribed on the List of World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.

第五篇：英語翻譯

1.你覺得什么時候最有可能在家里找到他? What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 2.由于受到原子輻射，他最終在工作時倒下了。

As a result of exposure to atomic radiation,he finally collapsed at work.3.千萬別說可能會被人誤解的話。(capable of)Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4.她砰地關上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場爭執就此結束。

Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.5.小約翰尼一見到媽媽下班回來就往前門跑去。

Little johnny made for the door at the sight of his mother coming back from work.6.他研究原子科學是為了我國的國防。他根本不在乎名望。He pursued atomic science for the defense our country.Fame meant nothing to him.7.三位教授被請來對新教員設計的教案做出評估。

Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.8.不言而喻，青年人的教育對于一個國家的未來是至關重要的。It is self-evident that the education of young is vital to future of country.9.一個衛生組織促使地方政府為建造一所新的醫院籌措三百萬美元的資金。

A health organization prompted the local government to raise a three-million-dollar fund for a new hospital.10.一切都表明他的計劃出了毛病。

Everything points to the fact/indicates that something has gone wrong with his project/plan.