第一篇：《傲慢與偏見》中的戲劇性特色論文

論文摘要：本文從情節結構、人物塑造、舞臺場景、敘事角度四個方面對簡·奧斯丁的代表作《傲慢與偏見》進行了較為詳細的闡述，剖析該作品神奇的戲劇性特色。

論文關鍵詞：小說《傲慢與偏見》戲劇性特色四個方面

小說《傲慢與偏見》是英國批判現實主義作家簡·奧斯丁（JaneAusten）的代表作。這部作品以日常生活為素材，通過對婚姻問題的描寫，生動地反映了18世紀末19世紀初處于保守和閉塞狀態下的英國鄉鎮生活和世態人情。奧斯丁因為長期居住在封建保守勢力較強的農村，生活圈子十分狹窄，所以她的小說的取材范圍較小，她常把故事的背景放在有三四家大戶的鄉鎮上。但在她熟悉的范圍之內，她寫得非常精確細致，后人常以她自稱其作品為“三寸牙雕”來評價她的作品，可見其觀察之敏銳，筆觸之細膩。我認為除了其作品的細致之外，奧斯丁的偉大之處還在于她的絕妙的戲劇力量。本文嘗試從以下四個方面入手來分析該作品的戲劇性特色。

1.情節結構

《傲慢與偏見》的故事講的是18世紀末19世紀初英國某鄉鎮上某鄉紳家的幾個女兒的戀愛和結婚。主線是二女兒伊麗莎白因少年紳士達西的傲慢，對他產生很深的偏見，后來又消除了偏見，和他相愛，成為眷屬。小說以伊麗莎白的行動為敘述中心來展開情節，與此成網狀的輔助情節線形成平行對照：吉英與彬格萊的相愛與結婚，柯林斯的求婚與夏綠蒂的聯姻，伊麗莎白與韋翰的那段短暫的感情糾葛，以及韋翰與麗迪雅的私奔及至最終結合，甚至班納特先生與太太的婚姻狀況都無不與主要情節發生著密不可分的關系，它們或以自身的單薄、蒼白豐富反襯了“達伊”主線，或以內在的聯系催化了“達伊”主線的進展。這些“插曲”都處在相對固定的空間中的直線時間延伸過程中的某一點。而主要情節的縱向發展無疑也是小說戲劇特征的一個方面。所以《傲慢與偏見》也像戲劇那樣，有一個嚴密的布局，既沒有不必要的人物，又沒有不必要的情節，整個故事的發展都是環環相扣的。

小說第一章開始便有這樣一段非常有趣的開場白：“凡是有錢的單身漢，總想娶位太太，這已經成了一位舉世公認的真理。這樣的單身漢，每逢新搬到一個地方，四鄰八舍雖然完全不了解他的性情如何，……因此人們總是把他看作自己某一個女兒理所應得的一筆財產。”隨著這句“畫外音”剛剛落地，故事的帷幕徐徐拉開，班納特先生和太太的一段對話把我們帶入一個喜劇世界。以班納特太太處心積慮地嫁出五個女兒開始，整個故事情節圍繞著女兒們的婚事而起落曲折地展開。全文開頭所埋下的這個“結”成為情節的發生、展開、推向高潮和最終結局的動力。小說的高潮點就在達西向伊麗莎白求婚受挫后所寫的辯白信那一刻，它標志了男女主人公相向轉化的開始。至此，以往的一切都隨著這個高潮發展，繼后的又朝著這個結局歸宿。達西和伊麗莎白最后結合了，一度破壞了的平衡重新恢復了，“戲”也趨于結局。“這種出乎自然與合乎發展的邏輯性，是戲劇小說情節的真正鮮明的特征”。

小說中的戲劇性“懸念”敘述使得整個故事如一幕幕的戲劇展開，卻毫無現實中的單調與乏味。小說一開始，彬格萊先生租下了尼日裴花園，攜同其姐妹和朋友達西來到班納特一家所在地浪博恩。彬格萊顯然愛上了吉英，大家心里喚起了希望。但因班納特太太操之過急，言談失體，反而嚇退了彬格萊，班納特一家的第一次希望破滅了；接著，班納特的表侄柯林斯牧師因要繼承班家財產，為了對其一家予以補償，向伊麗莎白求婚，遭到拒絕后，轉而向鄰村的盧卡斯小姐求婚。至此，班納特太太的全部希望統統落空，又形成了戲劇懸念。正當班納特一家嫁女前景十分黯淡時，傲慢的貴族青年達西情不自禁向伊麗莎白吐露真情，正式求婚，伊麗莎白出于偏見，毫不客氣地拒絕了他，事情似乎到了絕境。然而正是達西向伊麗莎白求婚一事，將伊麗莎白對達西的誤會與偏見全部暴露出來，為他們之間消除誤會，終于和好，以及彬格萊與吉英的最終結合等一系列事件鋪平了道路，促成了皆大歡喜的結局。我們可以看到小說以班納特太太急于嫁女開始，以成功嫁出三個女兒告終，這一結局正與小說那句精彩的開場白遙相呼應，從結構上可謂天衣無縫。最后一章，對各個人物又做了一番交代，頗如戲劇的尾聲，大幕徐徐落下。

2.人物塑造

《傲慢與偏見》的戲劇性特色還體現在它的人物塑造上。奧斯丁對人物的塑造非常有特點。她不喜歡采用鋪張的描寫性的段落，也不自己出場“插話”或“發議論”，而不是告訴讀者人物如何如何，她是把人物推到讀者面前，讓他們自己表演，就如同導演把人物推上戲劇舞臺，讓他們自己在觀眾面前表演一樣。小說人物一出場，總是扼要介紹其身份處境，接著立刻使人物進入動作，這很像戲劇中的旁白或是字幕。然后，通過每一次人物的談話、接觸，通過人物的種種細微動作情態與心理，抓住每一個機會讓人物自己表現自己，并在相互對比中突出人物各自的本質特征。例如第一章班納特夫婦間的那段經典對白，把班太太的“智力窮乏，不學無術”和班先生的“喜歡插科打諢，愛挖苦人”表現得淋漓盡致，只要他們的對話不結束，班太太的愚蠢就不會停止外露，班先生愛揶揄諷刺的性格也就會不時地展現在讀者面前。又如第十八章柯林斯先生巴結、奉承達西的一段動作及談話和達西對他很輕蔑的態度，將柯林斯愚蠢笨拙、巴結權勢的嘴臉和達西高傲但正直的性格惟妙惟肖地展現在讀者眼前。總之，奧斯丁是通過符合角色的自我表現來吸引和打動讀者的，無論是活潑調皮、機智幽默的伊麗莎白，還是外表迷人實則浪蕩無恥的軍官韋翰，或是頭腦簡單、任性輕浮的麗迪雅，各個人物都在作者設置的舞臺上生動地表演起來。

3.舞臺場景

在《傲慢與偏見》中，場景作為人物活動的基本舞臺，被安排得頗具戲劇舞臺的特色。這些場景并不像很多優秀的小說那樣場面宏大，不斷發生變化，令人目不暇接。相反，這些場景相當有限，人物活動都集中于幾個地點，顯得單一不變。事實上小說中所出現的供人物活動的場所只有兩種形態：一是室外的花園，二是室內的客廳，一切有人物活動的戲（跳舞、談話）都集中于此。集中，無疑是戲劇的最常見的藝術手法，敘事作品的戲劇性也體現在敘述中處理時空的集中場景之中。再者為了同一效果，場景的轉換也是含糊不清和簡捷的。從這家的客廳到那家的花園，誰也說不清班家、盧家和尼日斐的客廳有什么不同，柯林斯家的花園與班納特家花園又有什么區別。其實場景的含混不清才更能突出人物，背景的淡化才更使情節的發生具有普遍性。奧斯丁的特殊之處就在于她并不熱衷于敘述或描寫景色和環境，也無意通過作品來描繪廣闊的社會畫面，而只想設置一個能給人物提供活動，建立各種關系的舞臺。

4.敘事角度

敘事視角是敘述學的一個重要范疇，指作者從什么角度來敘述故事。奧斯丁在敘述情節時，一開始采用了傳統的全知敘述角度，以一種自信冷靜的態度將主人公伊麗莎白和達西引入我們的視野中心，這樣做有利于讀者對全局有一個大概了解。但隨著情節的逐步深入，到了第十章以后（就在達西不由自主地愛上伊麗莎白以后），作者敘述的視角慢慢發生了轉移，伊麗莎白成為小說的中心和焦點，故事里的人物、事件主要由她去耳聞目睹和見證，轉述的也大都是她自外部接受的信息和產生的內心沖突，整個敘述被盡可能地限制在她的世界里了。它的好處是一方面引導讀者與女主人公伊麗莎白進行角色認同，感同身受，為她同悲同喜；另一方面不落痕跡地忽視了對達西、韋翰等的心理描寫，造成情節懸念。這種敘事視角的轉移很像戲劇舞臺上燈光的轉移，戲剛上演的時候燈光散落在舞臺上每一個角色上，隨著戲劇情節的深入，舞臺上的燈光慢慢聚焦到主要人物身上，愈來愈亮，而其余的均是暗色調。

綜上所述，簡·奧斯丁的代表作《傲慢與偏見》中蘊含著許多戲劇化的特點。她就是這樣，一方面作為小說家來敘述故事，并不露聲色地在一旁略加點評，另一方面又作為杰出的戲劇大師將人物推上舞臺，讓他們自己來表演。

第二篇：傲慢與偏見 論文

《傲慢與偏見》讀后感

機制0902竺昂

選這門公選課時，我就是想了解一下外國的文學，順便提升一下自己的文學素養。不料，上了這門課后，我不僅深度賞析了《傲慢與偏見》，而且對婚姻有了更深入的認識，還學到了一些為人處事的道理。

《傲慢與偏見》是簡·奧斯丁的代表作。這部作品以日常生活為素材，一反當時社會上流行的感傷小說的內容和矯揉造作的寫作方法，生動地反映了18世紀末到19世紀初處于保守和閉塞狀態下的英國鄉鎮生活和世態人情。這部社會風情畫式的小說不僅在當時吸引著廣大的讀者，時至今日，仍給讀者以獨特的藝術享受。

簡·奧斯丁在本書中寫了四起婚姻，通過四起婚姻的對照描寫，提出了道德和行為的規范問題。作者明確劃定了婚姻的好壞標準。照她看來，不幸的婚姻大致有兩種情況：一是像夏洛特和柯林斯那樣，完全建立在經濟基礎上；二是像莉迪亞和維克漢姆那樣，純粹建立在美貌和情欲的基礎上。夏洛特本是個聰明女子，只因家里沒錢，人又長的不漂亮，到了二十七歲還是個“老姑娘”。她之所以答應嫁給柯林斯，只是為了能有個歸宿，有個能確保她不致挨凍受饑的“保險箱”，婚后嘗不到任何天倫之樂，他倒也無所謂。莉迪亞是個輕狂女子，因為貪戀美貌和感情沖動的緣故，跟著維克漢姆私奔，后經達西搭救，兩人才茍合成親，但婚后不久即“情淡愛馳”，男的常去城里尋歡作樂，女的躲到姐姐家里尋求慰藉。與夏洛特、莉迪亞相反，伊麗莎白和簡的婚姻則是建立在愛情的基礎上，是真正的美滿婚姻。當然，伊麗莎白與達西也好，簡與賓利也好，他們的結合并不排除經濟和相貌方面的考慮，但是他們更注重對方的美德，因而結婚以后夫妻能情意融洽，恩愛彌篤。這充分說明：“沒有愛情可千萬不能結婚。”

通過對這四樁婚姻的描寫，作者揭露了當時社會中金錢利益在婚姻中扮演的重要角色，人的感情會受到它的控制。莉迪亞和維克漢姆的婚姻，不僅完全是受金錢的左右，而且兩人的結合，最初也只是因為低俗的肉欲的吸引。這樣的婚姻不僅會給自己帶來不幸，更會給各自的家庭造成傷害，簡·奧斯丁最反對這樣的婚姻。對于夏洛特和柯林斯充滿了現實色彩的婚姻，作者也是不贊成的。不過通過描寫，我們也認識到在當時的社會環境下，人的感情不得不服從于金錢的無奈，其實在當今社會又何嘗不是如此？

這四門婚姻中最主要的自然是發生在女主角伊麗莎白與男主角達西之間的愛恨情仇。伊麗莎白是個勇于追求愛情、漂亮聰明、堅強可愛的中產階級女子。故事主要以她對達西從一開始的厭惡到尊敬，再到愛慕為線索，揭示了作者對那個時代女人生活與愛情的理想和期望。

故事中女主角伊麗莎白第一眼看到男主角達西就是不順眼的，加上達西個性的傲慢，繼而對他有了偏見。而男主角達西，是個不受人歡迎的傲慢男子，也不屑于周遭冷淡的人際關系，對他來說，傲慢也許是有理的，偏見卻很無情，這兩者產生的沖擊是免不了的。兩個人之間也因此而常有針鋒相對的言辭，彼此之間的傲慢和偏見就造成了一開始的不愉快與誤解，但是經過種種事件的澄清，彼此又漸漸產生一點點感情。達西代表著“傲慢”，伊麗莎白代表著“偏見”，他們一開始都被自己的情緒所牽引。接著一連串對達西不利的流言，更讓伊麗莎白對達西反感。當達西向伊麗莎白求婚而遭到拒絕時，他說了一段話：“要是我耍一點手段，把我內心的矛盾掩飾起來，一味地恭維你，使你相信我無論在理智方面、思想方面以及其他各方面，都是對你懷著無條件的純潔的愛，那么也許你就不會有

這些苛刻的責罵了。可惜無論是什么樣的偽裝，我都痛恨。”達西沒有為了討好伊麗莎白，去曲意逢迎。而伊麗莎白也表現了很真實的自己，彼此都不刻意去營造給別人的印象，表現出了最真實的一面。開始的時候，伊麗莎白一直活在自己的偏見之下，忽略思考事實的真相，經過達西的解釋和自己的判斷，才最終找到幸福的歸宿。

從這四門婚姻中，我們可以看到，為了財產、金錢和地位而結婚是錯誤的；而結婚不考慮上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此，我們反對為金錢而結婚，也反對把婚姻當兒戲。婚姻是人生大事，我們應把男女雙方感情作為締結婚姻的基石，決不能為追逐金錢和地位而結婚，“沒有愛情的婚姻是不道德的”。

傲慢與偏見，是我們很常見的缺點和毛病。我們每一個人其實都很容易被自己的主觀印象所驅使，因而容易對別人下不正確的結論，進而造成彼此之間的誤會。因此，我們不能以貌取人，不能僅憑第一印象就亂下結論，這樣往往會得到錯誤的結果。

一個人所給予的第一印象固然可以影響到很多事，但并非一定不會改變，要有更加深入的了解，才能有更客觀的結論，就好像故事中女主角對達西的看法，就是因為了解才有所改變。所謂“路遙知馬力，日久見人心”，只有經歷一段時間，通過交流，我們才能更加深入的了解一個人。因此，在現實生活中，我們都應該多多溝通，去增進彼此間的了解，這樣才能消除隔閡，增進友誼，加深感情。

第三篇：中文論文(傲慢與偏見)

在婚姻觀中的簡·奧斯汀的觀點

傲慢與偏見

致謝

內容

1.簡介

簡·奧斯汀是19 century.She出生于16,1775年12月在漢普郡史蒂文頓的村莊的英國杰出的小說家之一，England.As一個國家牧師的女兒，奧斯汀從來沒有進入正規的學校，但她由她的家庭受過良好的教育。在大約十二歲，奧斯汀開始write.She創作并完成了六部長篇小說，并在她的生活time.She顯然是一個多產的小說家三處小的著作和從事寫作對她所有的生活。“她說有平等名稱作為沃爾特·斯科特“（達克沃斯23）先生。無論是在西方還是在中國，傲慢與偏見獲得影評界得到了高度重視和許多評論家已經從社會歷史aspect.Although評論它的一些學者分析了奧斯丁的婚姻觀，先生和班納特太太的婚姻往往被忽視。因此，本文旨在使傲慢與偏見，婚姻的深入分析，以便我們完全可以理解的婚姻原來的意見，并可以添加新的東西到簡·奧斯汀的偉大作品的文學批評。

像她的其他小說，傲慢與偏見對焦于商務和休閑旅客主角五個家庭均來自上流社會類的女士。奧斯汀用字符作為文學手法展現結婚戀愛和已婚的關系替代reasons.Marriage被認為是一個女人當時的一個可能實現的時候奧斯汀寫了novel.Marriage發揮女性的生活中的重要作用。

本論文的作者將分析從社會歷史文學批評的角度五個婚姻模式。第一部分簡要介紹簡·奧斯汀和傲慢與偏見。第二部分將在一份簡短的方式引入社會歷史文學批評，以及接下來本文將介紹的傲慢與偏見5婚姻一個社會歷史anslysis。第四部分是奧斯汀的婚姻觀的重要意義。奧斯汀強調男性和女性之間以及婦女的教育愛的積極方面都包括在內，還有限制。論文的最后一部分是結論。盡管婦女成為獨立的經濟，婚姻仍然是他們重要的生活goal.Austen對婚姻的看法提供有用的建議來選擇合適自己的隊友。2.社會歷史的文學批評

社會歷史的文學批評最早出現在意大利，但在France.It走紅強調文學與社會activities.It之間的關系，認為文學代表在一定的社會歷史environment.So生活和形式的主要文學價值在于它的社會功能和它的歷史意義。原理的理解是文學作品的將被考慮作品的社會歷史背景和作者的生活和其他方面的經驗的是分析，理解和評價。因此，文學的分析必須從社會和歷史情況啟動。

社會歷史的方法主要有四個特點：

通過特定的社會歷史context.Each文學作品1.Analyzing文學作品是屬于它的年齡和它的人民，每個人都有自己的特殊environment.It需要放置在已創建的時間。

2.To方面的工作作為一種認知模式的community.Social的深刻理解與歷史批判試圖通過分析作品的社會背景，以便深入地了解社會。

3.To查看反映現實，判斷work.Social歷史批評要求作家反映現實生活，并倡導典型形象塑造的重要標準的程度，那就是看到特異性的普遍性，以反映現實生活的現實。

4.當解釋文學作品，社會，階級和政治因素始終處于第一位，以探索作品的社會，階級和政治價值。

社會歷史批評具有原始批評的意義，文學始終是社會history.Using歷史的角度看的產物尋找文學與社會歷史之間的精神聯系，并結合社會和歷史連續性的現實，為了給予應有的重視文學和社會history.That的復雜多樣性是社會歷史批評只是精髓。3.在傲慢與偏見5婚姻的社會歷史分析

在傲慢與偏見，奧斯汀與直接引用錢結婚打開，顯示細膩的人類情感如何與互動，并通過財政考慮的影響。輝煌的第一句話概述了劇情和國家的社會批評的基本主題：“這是一個真理舉世公認，一個單身男人擁有一個吉祥的必須是想娶位太太，”（奧斯汀1）“的好運氣。“和”在想“這兩個關鍵詞語。”在想“是指單身男人需要一個妻子客觀，而”一個好運氣“是指單身男人變成誰想要抓住他作為丈夫的姑娘主觀目標。這樣的贊美之詞，使命題有“真相”更客觀。

婦女簡·奧斯丁的社會選擇是嚴重limited.Marriage不僅是一個愛的問題，更重要的是，它是economy.Both奧斯汀的問題，她的女主人公更感興趣的錢比其他更重要的因素，當涉及到選擇husbands.However，這并不意味著奧斯丁對婚姻的看法是庸俗。相反，他們真正體現了當時的社會和歷史慣例。

正如她的時間女作家的女性的愛情與婚姻，簡·奧斯丁描述婚姻更方便，而不是compatibility.Marriage是基于經濟和社會backgrounds.In換句話說，這是更為基礎上的錢，而不是1ove。縱觀傲慢與偏見，奧斯汀的婚姻觀是通過幾種不同的人物和他們的婚姻模式婚姻傳送。

4.1先進性奧斯丁的婚姻觀 作為一個進步女作家，奧斯汀的婚姻原來的意見，她的代表作傲慢與偏見表達顯然有先進性。在奧斯汀的時代，女性必須服從男性和依靠他們獲得舒適的生活conditions.In這個意義上說，婚姻是僅僅生存women.Women一個體面的方式已經在他們的marriages.Austen情緒情感很少的預期，但是，相信由經濟和社會地位決定的，婚姻不能帶來真正的幸福women.Love應該是一件快樂marriage.In傲慢與偏見的顯著因素，奧斯汀描繪簡和伊麗莎白的婚姻，這是根據真實love.She肯定感謝他們婚姻，因為他們是一個夢想，她無法在她自己的生命永遠地實現。

伊麗莎白是個明白人，聰明和自尊年輕woman.Such夫人勝貴族Darcy.Through伊麗莎白的心臟地帶，奧斯汀打算以表明傳統的教育體制教育的婦女無法吸引和滿意men.They應該接受教育以提高他們的judgment.Their受教育程度的能力決定了他們的感官和insights.They可能的婚姻生活有美好的未來，只要他們獲得與男子平等的教育。4.2局限性奧斯丁的婚姻觀

奧斯汀對婚姻的看法的形成來自于她lived.It是不可能讓她超越了她的社會環境，當她于marriage.Although她自己的看法，他們已經顯著點，它也有一個限制的社會和歷史環境莖。作為一個中產階級的女人，奧斯汀白眼兩個作業女人：當家庭教師和一位女士的companion.She選擇了寫作作為living.She的一種方式曾經寫道卡桑德拉“更感興趣的是獲得資金和獨立性，通過我的寫作比成名......“（魯賓斯坦353）。盡管如此，她沒有收入，直到她death.For所有她的生活在幾年前，奧斯丁是由她的父親的支持，brothers.Austen認為女性與men.But她的這種看法等于平等可能只是在marriage.In經濟領域，然而，她未能提供解決方案，為女性要獨立于其他economy.Like紳女人，她也想嫁給一個有錢的丈夫，以確保她的未來life.In傲慢與偏見，沒有女主人公的雄心很大，占用的工作，改變了她的life.In男性主導的社會中，他們的最終目標是要“成功”婦女和打獵富裕husbands.Their智力，感覺和方式只能作為一種手段以增加其吸引力和結婚well.Once結婚的機會，這樣的素質被丈夫忽視。

奧斯汀認為，經濟安全是一個marriage.However的基礎，她不能為她和她為了尋求和解決完善marriage.On相反女主角經濟上是獨立的，她打算通過marriage.As一個改善婦女的經濟狀況事實上，目前“經濟基礎決定上層建筑。”如果女性不能獲得經濟上的獨立，他們將成為丈夫的從屬地位，不能讓自己的人力dignity.Therefore，女人應該有自己的事業生活在自己身上，不管她們的丈夫以這種方式多么富有are.Only，女性可以獲得從男人真正的尊重和他們的婚姻會變得更加幸福和長久。五，結論

簡·奧斯汀是真正的中英文language.She最偉大的文學人物之一住在村落里和平生活，其中每個她的小說set.Her小說的主題是有限的，描述國家的普通日常生活和紳士，她是所以在她的小說中精彩的情節way.The認識很簡單，因為她有一件事涉及：求偶和marriage.She是關注婦女沒有燦爛的財產如何嫁給丈夫合適。

婚姻的自尊心受到充分表達和Prejudice.Austen把在小說中描繪到真實的社會和經濟realities.Marriage所有五個婚姻是經濟和社會地位，人的真正feelings.Women不是組合的組合經常要犧牲金融security.To很大程度上著想的感情，女人嫁給了一個有錢人，而不是他們husbands.Property起著marriage.Austen指導作用顯示她women.She的災難性命運非常同情狠狠批評了這個金錢至上的婚姻system.She值marriage.Marriage真愛基于真正的愛情被視為一個美滿的婚姻。

在現代的時代，婦女的地位提高了greatly.They已經得到經濟獨立地位，并有權自己husbands.Marriage的選擇不再是他們的survival.Instead的一種方式，它成為自我實現的重要體現。對于許多女性來說，結婚仍然是life.They的主要目標有婚姻抱有很高的期望，并希望在marriage.Austen的小說強烈而持久的關系提供了其丈夫的selection.Love有益的指導，智力，經濟條件，教育背景以及家庭背景對婚姻match.When作出選擇婚姻的影響，應采取所有這些因素考慮在內，而愛的地方決定性role.After婚姻，丈夫和妻子應該建立平等和相互尊重的關系。

雖然奧斯汀的時代已經一去不復返了，她的婚姻觀都不會過時，他們帶來靈感，以現代萬人。更多我們改變，我們越留在same.That是奧斯汀和她的傲慢與偏見一個非常獨特的特點。

第四篇：論文 分析《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀

中

南

大 學

高等教育自學考試本科生畢業論文

論文題目: Views on love and marriage in “Pride and Prejudice”

分析《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀

學生姓名：羅

考籍號：910108300488 年級專業：2007級英語 指導老師及職稱：湯春華 學 院：中南大學科培中心

湖南·長沙 提交日期：2010年4月

Contents

Abstract...............................................................................................................................................1 Keywords............................................................................................................................................1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................3

1、Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice............................................3 1.1 Jane Austen................................................................................................................3 1.2 The Background of Pride and Prejudice......................................................................4

2、Four Marriages and Ideals on Love and Marriage Shown in Pride and Prejudice......5 2.1 Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice........................................................................5 2.1.1 Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage.............................................................................5 2.1.2 Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage...............................................................................7 2.1.3 Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage.............................................................................7 2.1.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage...............................................................................8 3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage............................................................12

4、Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14 References.......................................................................................................................16 Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................19

Abstract “Pride and Prejudice” is Austen's masterpiece which described four different marriages and love.Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses people's observation and unlimited thinking of marriage.This paper aims to probe into the views on love and marriage in ―Pride and Prejudice‖.That is: love and marriage are associated with, but not totally lie on the property and social status.The marriage which is based on the love, mutual understanding and mutual respect is a true happy marriage.Austen not only opposes marriage for money, but also is against the hasty marriage.She attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage.Keywords ―Pride and Prejudice‖;viewpoint of love;viewpoint of marriage;

摘 要

《傲慢與偏見》是奧斯汀的代表作，小說以諷刺為基調描寫了四種不同形態的婚姻觀和愛情觀，時至今日，這部小說仍然吸引著眾多讀者，引發了人們對婚姻的觀察和無限思考。本文就是通過對這四段婚姻的詳細的分析，來探討《傲慢與偏見》中的愛情觀和婚姻觀。筆者認為：愛情婚姻與財產和社會地位相互關聯，但絕不能僅取于它，以愛情、相互理解及相互尊重為基礎的婚姻才是幸福的婚姻。奧斯汀既反對為金錢而結婚，也反對草率結婚。她強調理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女雙方感情作為締結理想婚姻的基石。

關鍵詞

《傲慢與偏見》；愛情觀；婚姻觀;

Introduction

Jane Austen humorously described the marriage in the “Pride and Prejudice” and a series of marriage-related activities in a relaxed manner.The novel consisted of how man picking their wives, how the young women choosing their future husbands and how their mothers selecting their son-in-low in many wonderful scenes.By studying the marital relationship, the authors strive to portray several different marriage and love relations.Although they had got married, the happiness of marriage is differs.This was because Austen's novels the marriage was involving not only the feelings, but also social status and money.“The bachelor who own property must marry a wife, it has become a universally recognized truth.” [6], But that really is a truth? In this paper, the novel's four marriages vividly reflected the British town life and the world state of human of 18 century to the early 19th century in a conservative and isolated state.1.Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice

1.1.Jane Austen Jane Austen(1775 – 1817，)was one of the most outstanding writer who described the middle-class in the south of England with realism.From a unique female perspective, she left six immortal works.Her works were full of rich comedy conflicts in humorous and satirical style, so they were regarded as “the art of simplicity”.In Jane Austen's works, the content was not very wide and all were related to the life of a few middle-class families.The theme was about love and marriage between men and women.In the “Simple” works of Jane Austen, they showed us, truly and accurately, the social life and interrelationship and described the social state, marriage as well as political and economic relations between middle-class women at that time.And she expressed her views on marriage, directly or indirectly, by analyzing these phenomena.She believed that marriage just for money was wrong, but marriage of no money was stupid.She also frankly disclosed the inseparable relationship between marriages, property and family status.In her novel, as long as a woman who was intelligent, decent, 3

educated, and patient could overcome social barriers, she would receive the ideal happy marriage.Austen was born in a middle-class family of a small village in England, so the people and things in her works were all connected with this environment which was very familiar to her.It is difficult for readers to find the sufferings of those working people who lived at the bottom of the society at that time.At the same time, the important events, such as the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution, were little.Her narrative was always inseparable from the party, walk, talk, dance......Although this written style received some people's criticism, she still stick to it.She once said that she was ―sculpt on two inches of ivory‖.Austen was never married, but the marriage is the eternal theme of her writings.In her works, the marriage status of middle-class people was alive.1.2.The Background of Pride and Prejudice In this great book, the author amply demonstrated her view on love and marriage.In order to analyze these points of view, we should firstly start from the background of her great works.―At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical.This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society.In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society.There was no equality between woman and man.Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity.The central life of women was forced to be staying at home.Their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.‖(Zhu Hong, P34, 1995)

People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands.The virtues of women were patience and deference.They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question.Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny.At that time, many middle-class young women had three ways out: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers.The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well.It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, for young

women, especially those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage and loved to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage.2.The Four Marriages and the Ideas on Love and Marriage shown in Pride and Prejudice The story showed the ordinary life, feelings of the ordinary people.They were organized in a harmonious order under the author's skillful arrangement.The work mainly described four marriages.Two of them were main and assisted by the other two assistant marriages.―Darcy and Elizabeth’s love and marriage was the main theme of this work.After undergoing many setbacks, Darcy’s arrogance and Elizabeth’s prejudice eventually eliminates, the lovers finally got married.The marriage of Elizabeth’s sister Jane and Darcy’s friend Bingley was another clue.They deeply loved each other, but they were multi—blocked, after their departure, Jane missed Bingley very much.The two marriages reflected the other point of view in positive way that marriage should be based on true love, which was the ideal marry in the author’s opinion.The stories seem to be the ordinary lives, feelings and persons linked up in a harmonious order under the others meticulous concepts.However, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins was a negative example with the marriage between Lydia and Wickham, which helped to make the plots more tortuous and richer.‖(Zhu Hong, P12, 1985)

2.1.Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice 2.1.1.Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage The article mentioned little of Charlotte, however, her image was very full.Charlotte was woman who is well-educated, intelligent and admired much by Elizabeth.But she was in financial difficulties.If she did not get married, she could only live in her brother's home to be a spinster.When Kosslyn had been rejected by Elizabeth and turned to propose to

Charlotte ? Lucas, She agreed without the least hesitation and still stick to marry him though she knew that Collins was a man who was neither wise nor pleasant, and very boring and that Mr.Collins did not love her and his so-called love for her was imaginary because for her “ the marriage may not make the women to be too happy, but it is always the best safe for the women, and it can ensure them not to be affected by cold and hunger.” In “Pride and Prejudice” Austen described mostly happy marriage, which often aroused the reader's controversy, because they thought that it is too unrealistic to be true.Collins and Charlotte’s marriage made a brutal footnote for Elizabeth’s romantic and happy love.Indeed we can learn that Austen was on a critical opinion of the society at that time from the fate of Charlotte: In the male-dominated society, unmarried women had no future.Elizabeth was an idealist, she would not marry a fool for money(Kosslyn)and also not to marry a man she did not love(such as the Darcy at the beginning of the story);however Charlotte who was six years older than Elizabeth and had little property was a pragmatist.In order to avoid becoming a spinster, who would suffer gossip in the society, she must make full use of any possible opportunity to get married.As Austen said, the reason that Charlotte was willing to marry him was completely for the purpose of property.She also confessed to Elizabeth: “You know I am not a romantic.Moreover I had never been this kind of person.I only ask for a comfortable home.As with Mr.Collins's character, family relations and social status, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state ”(......I am not romantic you know.I never was.I ask only a comfortable home;and considering Mr.Collins’s character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state.)And even after their marriage, Charlotte always felt that “If forget Mr.Collins, the inside and outside of the house is indeed a very comfortable place ”.This was their marriage, which was held together through a pure relation of money and wealth.To some extend, this kind of marriages is actually a social tragedy that is concealed under the gorgeous cover.Through describing such a marriage, Jane? Austen wanted to tell the readers a common point in British society at that time that the most critical factor in marriage is not love, but money.Actually, it was more than in the United Kingdom at that time, even in today's society, this view is very popular, and can be accepted by most people.That was an era in which love was exiled.We could not blame Charlotte and the vast majority of

“Charlottes” too much because it was not entirely their false perhaps in real life love can not defeat the bread forever.2.1.2.Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage

The second marriage is between Bennett’s third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper.Originally he was well-treated by his family and friends.However, he came down in the world because of his misbehavior.He got into debt, so he wanted to get money, became rich and changed his social status through marriage which was also a way to approach the talents.He was a man without any responsibility.He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities.In his opinion, love was only recreation.For his purpose, he enticed Lydia and got her love easily, for she was young, innocent and vainglorious, and loved to go ease and hated to work hard, and was spoilt by her mother.Getting love and praise of a boy was her dream.So when Wickham wanted to attain to his aim－getting wealth by love and exalting her beauty hypocritically, she forgot who she was and felt she was the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world.Their love did not get the permission from the parents, so then they eloped.When Elizabeth heard the news, she believed that their love was a false.Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is not charming and had nothing to attract him, who did not love her but loved the wealth of her family.The marriage was admitted with the help of Darcy.Their marriage was considered to be a scandal in Bennett’s family.But Mrs.Bennet was not disgraceful to this marriage.When Collins got the news, he was very angry and reacted to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her.This marriage was one without love.They didn’t have the real meaning of marriage.They only wanted to satisfy their aspiration.So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility.Such couples only seek the experience of marriage but not everlasting and unchanging one.Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.2.1.3.Jane and Mr.Bingley’s Marriage In the novel, Bingley and Jane never stopped pursuing their true love although there were so many obstacles between them.Fortunately, with the help of Darcy and Elizabeth, they finally got married and had a happy life.Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their

characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage.They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense.They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence.They didn’t show their insides easily to the public because they cared the social criticism too much.For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others an illusion that she didn’t love Bingley.For Bingley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and easily accepted the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him.Frankly speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage.According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and respect were the basic factors of their successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with common interest can live together in a happy life.Because they understand, help and support between them.They didn’t care the defects of their partners and even they didn’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying goes, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fall into the same group.‖

2.1.4.Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage Elizabeth was the actress in the “Pride and Prejudice”.Her love and marriage was the main thread running through the entire novel.At the beginning of the “recognized the truth” mentioned in the novel, all the girls in the middle-class families wanted to marry a good man.But Elizabeth had a different interpretation for a “good husband”.She believed that a husband not only need have certain number of family property but also must respect women, and at the same time there must be mutual understanding between them.Mr.Collins was the first suitor to Elizabeth.Elizabeth was surprised at first, but soon turned down Collins's proposal of marriage because she did not love Collins and could not fall in love with him.Elizabeth was impressed by Wickham’s elegant behavior and demeanor, but she still did not want to choose him to be her husband.She told her aunt that she could handle the relationship between her and Wickham and she would not fall in love with Wickham.Collins was secular cavity too, but smart without a common language with Elizabeth.Wickham is not rich man and lack of morality.Despite later Elizabeth discovered the true

face of Wickham.It did not affect the principle of Elizabeth optional husband.Wickham's exposure to poverty let him outside the scope of Elizabeth's choice of husband.But later why did Elizabeth reject Darcy who is a handsome wealthy man? Elizabeth clearly stated her answer: “Why, with so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you choose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil? ”(Austen, 2004:139).Of course, she had prejudice for Darcy and Wickham fabricated lies about Darcy, which had a certain impact on Elizabeth’ refusal to Darcy's marriage proposal, but the most important reason was that Elizabeth hated Darcy for their arrogant attitude.Elizabeth rejected the arrogant Darcy, but Darcy accepted the humble.Their marriage was based on Darcy's property and their love.The composition of property and the love marriage was the two indispensable important factors.When her sister Jane asked Elizabeth t how long she had fallen in love with Darcy, she replied: “It has been coming on so gradually that I hardly know when it began, but I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly.”(Austen, 2004:275)On the one hand, it revealed Elizabeth’s mockery.On the other hand, it also reflected her inner thoughts.It was this statement which reflected her attitude for money, marriage and life: The marriage based on no money was undesirable.So she visited Darcy’s luxurious Pember Lee Garden.After visiting the Manor, she felt that to be the Pember Lee Gardens hostess was quite good.From a psychological sense, it was a direct reflection of her inner thoughts.She was Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl.She had a middle-class family background and had not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic young girls, so she was not good at music and painting, but she had read many books which made her knowledgeable and perceptive.The most important aspect was that she was a lady with dignity and upbringing.Darcy was a tall man with good manner.He was handsome, rich and powerful.So he was the ideal husband of most girls.He had grown up in the surroundings with strong sense of power, so he was always selfish and arrogant and had a critical look at each individual, except the family members.He was not concerned about anyone else, and looked down upon anyone else.Therefore, when he first arrived in the village, he found all the persons were beyond his imagination.Although every girl was young and lovely, he has no interest in young girls

except Elizabeth.But actually, at first he didn’t put an eye on Elizabeth.Gradually, he had to admit that Elizabeth was beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insisted that Elizabeth hadn't the same social status as him.Darcy was rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agreed on the reality at that time.Although he expressed his love to Elizabeth, he couldn't help showing his arrogance, which made Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy.Darcy loved Elizabeth, but looked down upon her social status.He considered that he had been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard.He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth was waiting for him to propose marriage.Therefore, even he was irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth.He still remembered the gap between them.Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy’s personality performed on the realities of society.When he talked about his feelings of love, he also expressed the arrogance of these fully feelings, which resulted in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth;she rejected his marriage proposal, and angrily accused his insolence.The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth showed her clear, calm and actually stressful personality.Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth was one with ideal mind.She was elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually.She also advised her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.Unconsciously, they were fascinated by each other for the physical attraction, and this led to the experience of passion in a loving relationship.In regard to Darcy, he initially did not think Elizabeth was beautiful enough, and scorned her low relatives and vulgar family members despite his later passion for Elizabeth.Darcy loved Elizabeth’s charming appearance and intelligence.His admiration for Elizabeth was obvious in the following details.When Elizabeth went to look after her sister Jane on foot, Miss Bingley made fun of her and her family at the back.Even Miss Bingley said to Darcy, ―I am afraid….that this adventure has rather lessened your admiration for her fine eyes‖.But Darcy replied: ―Not at all, they are brightened by the exercise‖.At Pemberley when Miss Bingley noticed that Darcy admired Elizabeth, she intended to confuse Elizabeth and made her show some feeling that might harm her in Darcy’s opinion.But it meant nothing to Darcy.She continued to criticize Elizabeth’s appearance, behavior and dress.Darcy could no longer control himself

and said: ―For many months I have considered her as one of the best looking women I have consider her as one of the best looking women in my acquaintance‖.The intimacy component was formed after the prejudice was relieved.For Elizabeth, there are three elements causing her prejudice against Darcy—Darcy’s humiliation of her at the Meryton assembly by his aloof manner and superiority;and her suspicion of his responsibility for Mr.Bingley’s sudden migration to London which would ruin her sister’s chance of happiness.So when he made his proposal to Elizabeth, he heard her say: ―I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be induced to marry‖.Shocked and humiliated by Elizabeth’s refusal, the arrogant Darcy finally learned his lessons from Elizabeth.Upright as he actually was, Darcy wrote letter to Elizabeth, reveals the true character of Wickham and his true perception of Jane’s manner to Bingley.It was at this moment that Elizabeth contemplated the whole thing and she turned ―absolutely ashamed of herself‖, and the prejudice was relieved.Elizabeth at this point moved from strong hospitality to benevolent neutrality, but ―she could not approve him;or refusal, or feel the slightest inclination ever to see him again‖.The commitment component was formed after Elizabeth accept Darcy’s proposal.Only on the condition that Elizabeth saw the altered new Darcy, could she accept him as her man, who she respected and who respected her and her family.When Darcy meets Elizabeth at Pemberly unexpectedly, he entered into conversation with Mr.Gardiner.Elizabeth’s uncle, and asked permission for his sister to call upon Elizabeth.When Elizabeth told him that Lydia has run away with Wickham, he didn’t despise her but brought about the marriage by giving Wickham money.He started to stand on the level of equality to propose Elizabeth and he succeeded.After dispelling all misunderstandings, all three components of love——intimacy, passion, and commitment are formed.3.Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage

Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art.With a cool hand, she always has her imagination and passion under control.With great details drawn from everyday life and activities, the pictures of her characters are vividly portrayed and everyone comes alive.With simple language and conversing dialogues, her novels are surprisingly realistic.When she converted the disorderly reality into an orderly artistic unity, she pays much attention to the formal qualities of composition, to the design, and to the subordination of the parts to the whole.Her plots appear natural, unforced.They were developed easily and unhurriedly under the author’s perfect control.All the characters have their place in the plot and contribute to the main story.At her best, she keeps balance between facts and form as no other English novelist has ever done.Jane Austen is one of the few novelists who have managed fully to satisfy the requirements in the art of novel writing.Compared with other writers, Jane Austen defined hers stories within a narrow sphere.The subject matters, the character range, the social setting and plots are all restrict to the late 18th century England.Everything in her novels reminds us of a quiet, uneventful and contented life of the English country.Jane Austen believed that a man’s relation to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his belief and career, and reveals him fundamentally, so she characterizes readers a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life, such as their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors, etc.As a result, her novels have a universal significance.Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relationship.As a result her novels have a universal significance.From her point of view, life is made up of small things and human nature reveals itself in them as fully as in big ones and a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career, which reveals his moral quality more accurately and truthfully.So when Jane Austen writes she would describe human being in the most trivial incidents of everyday life rather than at moments of crisis.She wrote within a narrow sphere.The subject matter, the character range, the social settings and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England.Her attention would go to three or four landed gentle

families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, barbecues and gossips.As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her words a serious criticism of life and to expose the weakness and illusions of mankind.In her style she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and graceful in novel writing.The interest of Jane Austen is to study human being in their relations with other people in daily life, so her novels concern about the relationship between men and women in love.Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in which women are always taken as the major characters.In their pursuit of a happy marriage, they could be grouped into three categories: those who marry for money, position and property, those who marry just for passion and those who marry for love which is based on consideration of both the person’s personal merit and his economical and social status.So in her novels the point that money is not the only thing in the consideration of marriage but it plays a very important role found best reflection there.Austen’s this view towards marriage is still very popular nowadays.There are a lot of novels talking about marriage in Britain, but scarcely an author could be like Austen, exposing the money-essence of capitalism marriage system so deeply.In brief, it is money that determines everybody’s life and fate, especially marriage.As for it was pragmatic meaning, it could be forceful and penetrating.No wonder that David Dax，a western Marxism critic said, in the aspect of exposing ―the economics of human beings’ behavior‖, Jane Austen, ―to some extent, had been a Marxist before Marx’s being born.4.Conclusion As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities.Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues.Of course, one could also say that Elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and Darcy of pride: the title cuts both ways.Austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between Elizabeth and Darcy, including Lady Catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, Miss Bingley’s snobbery, Mrs.Bennet’s idiocy, and Wickham’s deceit.In each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love.Darcy and Elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society.Austen does sound some more realist(or, one could say, cynical)notes about love, using the character of Charlotte Lucas, who marries the buffoon Mr.Collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage.Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.The title tells the major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice.Pride is the character flaw that causes Elizabeth to dislike Darcy upon their first meeting.Yet Elizabeth herself also suffers from the same flaw;her pride in her own ability to analyze character is such that she refuses to reevaluate Darcy in the face of evidence in his favor.The concept of pride can be defined into two ways: positive and negative.Possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity.On the other hand, wrong or negative pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct and haughtiness.Mr.Darcy displays the positive side of pride while Mr.Bennet possesses wrong or negative pride, and a lack of pride itself in some cases.Darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name.He takes pride in these things and does anything he can to protect them.But Mr.Bennet who is a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does

not take pride in his family or takes his responsibility;Mr.Bennet ridicules the members of his family instead of controlling their unruly actions.Pride and Prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance.A woman is expected to behave in certain ways.Stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism.This theme appears in the novel, when Elizabeth walks to Netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious Miss Bingley and her friends.At other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of Mrs.Bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined(and snobbish)Darcy and Bingley.Austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when Lydia elopes with Wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter.By becoming Wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, Lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire Bennet family.Love is wonderful.The distance between two hearts is not necessarily because physical proximity or separation may change.But youth and love are the most likely to disappear under the sun of things.A woman can be deeply loved by a man in her all life.Is that a kind of happy? Or, a woman in her life missed a man who deeply loved her.What kind of regrets? Pride and Prejudice are the two points in our common human weaknesses.The human nature is too easily distorted, alienated.If not carefully or falling into blindness, you will loss of justice and reason.Meanwhile it was manipulated by emotions and it will go wrong.Elizabeth and Darcy is only one representative.The origin, property, status, education, once stained with upper edge, it is easy arrogance of the illnesses contracted on the poor, low, vulgar person disdained eyes;while the low status, property, few people, for humanity a kind of self-esteem, places biased against the pride of the superior person, which naturally is another distortion of arrogance.In “Pride and Prejudice”, although it is a battle of wits and means shining love sitcoms, actually tells us a truth, that is a solid love is the cornerstone of marriage.In order to property, money and status of marriage is wrong;while marriage does not take into account the factors mentioned above is also foolish.Love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage.With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily.Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are

understandings, helps and supporting between them.They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other.Just as the old saying going, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill into the same group.‖

References：

[1] Alan Macfarlane.Marriage and Love in England1300-1800[M].Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986 [2]于 欣.Money and Marriage——The Matrimonial Value Orientation in Pride and Prejudice[J].科教文匯，2006，（6）: 132-133.[3]李維屏.喬伊斯的美學思想和藝術[M].上海：上海外語教育出版社，2000 [4][英]狄更斯著.孫法理譯.雙城記[M].南京：譯林出版社，1996.6，第一版，序言 [5]Austen.Jane 林立譯Pride and Prejudice[M].北京：航空工業出版社，2007.[6] 簡·奧斯汀著.孫 致禮 譯.傲慢與偏見[M].上海：上海譯文出版社，1900 [7] 陳忠實.白鹿原[M].北京：人民文學出版社，1993

Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Miss.Tang who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies.In the preparation of the thesis，she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice.Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in The Central South of University, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

第五篇：傲慢與偏見社會階級論文

如果是你，讀完《《傲慢與偏見》會有什么想法呢？不妨一起學習下文吧。

傲慢與偏見社會階級論文

【摘要】婚姻不只是一份契約，而是一生的允諾與守候，它在我們的人生之中占了很大的比重。幸福是一種主觀感受，一個人的婚姻是否幸福，與他對婚姻的態度有關。有人為愛結婚，有人為情欲結婚，有人為財富結婚，也有人為結婚而結婚。《傲慢與偏見》向我們展示了不同的婚姻觀，也讓我們思考，怎樣的婚姻才是我們想要的，怎樣的婚姻才是適合自己的。

【關鍵詞】婚姻 態度 愛情 財富 圍城

婚姻在現代漢語詞典里的解釋是因結婚而產生的夫妻關系。這簡短幾個字的概念，卻涵蓋了千千萬萬種感情，有愛，有責任，有酸甜苦辣千萬種滋味。不同的人，對婚姻的期待和看法也是不同的，有人因為愛而結婚，有人因為責任而結婚，有人為金錢而結婚，更有人，只是因為到了結婚的年齡而結婚。

婚姻到底意味著什么？我覺得婚姻對一個人的影響是從他出生便有的。當你還是一個小孩子的時候，婚姻對你來說，就是爸爸辛苦工作后，回到家，媽媽端上熱騰騰的飯菜，給爸爸盛上一碗飯；就是爸爸媽媽因為一件小事發生爭吵，冷靜之后又重歸于好；就是有了你之后，從兩個人的關系變成了三個人的關系，從兩個人變成一個家。爸爸媽媽的婚姻對一個小孩子的婚姻觀是有著很大的影響的。當你長大了，懂得了愛情，婚姻對你來說，就是將這段愛情放進自己的儲藏室，鑰匙由你和你的愛人保管；就是讓兩個人變成一個家，“死生契闊，與子相悅；執子之手，與子偕老。”

不知道從什么時候開始，或者說，從來都是如此，婚姻不只是純粹的愛的圍城，里面有了責任，有了金錢，有了各種各樣世俗的東西，為愛結婚被人看成是一種笑話，一種異想天開，一種永遠不可能實現的奢侈。婚姻變成獲取金錢，尋求安定的工具，有時候又像是一種作伴的習慣，兩個人，到了結婚的年齡，自然而然地結婚了，可能沒有愛情，沒有沖動，有的只是一種理智，一種思考和選擇。

簡奧斯汀的《傲慢與偏見》，讓我對婚姻這個概念有了更深刻的思考。作者運用風趣詼諧的語言刻畫了幾對不同的婚姻，每一個婚姻都折射出在簡奧斯汀生活的那個時代人們對于婚姻的態度。通過對四對青年男女伊麗莎白與達西，簡與賓利，莉迪亞與魏肯，夏洛蒂與柯林斯婚事的描述，我們看到了：為了財富而結婚的世俗婚姻和為了美貌和情欲而結婚的盲目婚姻都是錯誤的，不能得到長久的幸福，而真正幸福的婚姻是建立在愛情和理智基礎之上的。

一、夏洛特盧卡斯的婚姻--最現實的婚姻

夏洛特是伊麗莎白最要好的朋友，但她們在婚姻的選擇上是不同的。和伊麗莎白一樣，夏洛特沒有財富，她貌不驚人，但很有頭腦，也可稱得上是個精明人。她認為“婚姻生活是否幸福，完全是個機會問題。”作為一個已經二十七歲的女人，她對婚姻的選擇完全是出于現實的考慮。當她第一次遇見柯林斯的時候，她就見識了他的愚蠢，而且當他向她求婚時，她也清楚地知道“柯林斯肯定不是個通情達理的人，也不叫人喜歡”。但是她還是立刻答應了，因為“婚姻一直是她的目標，至于找什么樣的男人，婚后生活怎樣，則不太看重，對于受過良好教育但財產不多的年輕女子來說，嫁人是唯一的一條體面的路，而且盡管能否得到幸福毫無把握，嫁人也一定是她們最愜意的可以免于貧困的避難所”。①夏洛特為了金錢而結婚，通過婚姻她僅僅得到一個富有的人，從而有了經濟上的安全感。婚姻對他們來說可謂是一項任務，但是柯林斯夫婦都從婚姻中得到了自己想要的東西：夏洛特得到了安定富足的生活；柯林斯也得到了一個溫暖的家，這就是他們對婚姻的理解。

二、莉迪亞貝內特的婚姻--最荒唐的婚姻

貝內特家的小女兒莉迪亞是一個頭腦簡單、輕浮而又虛榮的姑娘，小小年紀便熱衷于社交，喜歡與梅里頓的軍官往來，并以此為榮。“只要任何人一慫恿，她就會投入任何人的懷抱。她的感情總是不停地起伏波動，搖擺不定”。威克漢姆是一個外表英俊，實際道德敗壞，非常奢侈，又背信棄義的人。他先是引誘富有的達西小姐，但陰謀告破，沒有得逞。在加入民兵團后，他先對伊麗莎白大獻殷勤，繼而又對富有的金小姐展開追求，最后竟然和麗迪亞私奔。

莉迪亞與威克漢姆的結合可說是荒唐至極。她對威克漢姆的愛慕完全是由于對方“俊朗的面龐、標致的身材還有迷人的談吐”。他們的關系完全是建立在情欲與外表上，沒有任何愛情基礎，可以說是既不實際，也不浪漫。他們之間的婚姻也是有條件的，是在達西的幫助下，兩人才勉強地結了婚。但是“兩人奢侈揮霍，只顧眼前快活，從不顧及將來，他們常靠給簡或伊麗莎白寫信求助，指望他們的接濟來支付帳單。威克漢姆對莉迪亞的愛不久就一落千丈，化為冷漠。”②莉迪亞和威克漢姆也都從婚姻中得到了自己想要的東西：莉迪亞得到了情欲的滿足；威克漢姆也得到他想要的財富，這就是他們對婚姻的理解。

三、簡貝內特的婚姻--最“美滿”的婚姻

簡和賓利的婚姻被認為是最美滿的婚姻。貝內特家的大女兒簡溫柔可愛，漂亮大方，對人總是往好的一面去想。她的這些迷人氣質完全吸引了年輕英俊、瀟灑富有的賓利。兩人相互吸引和相互愛慕，雖是好事多磨，最終他們也拋棄了身份地位的重重阻礙走到了一起。這是一樁令人艷羨的美滿婚姻。然而，我覺得這美好的背后是潛伏著一定的危機性的。簡和賓利男才女貌，彼此相配，任何人看來，他們都是最適合在一起的。他們的婚姻，在我看來，愛情不是最主要的基礎，最主要的是一種吸引力。賓利為簡的美貌和善良所吸引，簡為賓利的英俊瀟灑和紳士風度所吸引，他們之間的愛更多表現為一種相互之間的仰慕之情。婚姻是一份復雜的契約，雙方必須有足夠的愛的基礎來維持這份契約。而簡和賓利之間的愛情太過平淡，太過于理所當然，以至于不夠刻骨銘心，讓我感覺不太安穩，似乎潛藏著一絲絲危險的氣息。

四、伊麗莎白貝內特的婚姻--最讓人羨慕的婚姻

錢鐘書先生將婚姻比喻成一座圍城，“城外的人想沖進去，城里的人想逃出來。”但是我覺得這個婚姻理論是不適合達西和伊麗莎白的。他們之間的婚姻是以曲折跌宕卻又刻骨銘心的愛情為基礎的。伊麗莎白和達西一開始就給對方留下了不好的印象。伊麗莎白認為達西傲慢無禮，而達西也因為伊麗莎白所處的社會階層和她那些不甚體面的親戚而忽視了她的優點和美德。后來，達西終于認識到伊麗莎白的可貴之處，展開追求，在被拒絕后仍然不氣不餒，終于通過自己的行動消除了伊麗莎白對自己的偏見和誤解，從而兩人走到了一起。

以第一次求婚為界，在思想上改變的不單單是伊麗莎白，還有達西。伊麗莎白因為達西的信，認識到了自己的偏見；達西因為伊麗莎白的話，認識到了自己的傲慢。如果伊麗莎白對于達西的第一次求婚沒有拒絕的話，可能達西對于她的迷戀并不會持久。如果沒有拒絕時的對話，達西還是那個雖然家財萬貫，雖然一表人材，但太過傲慢的高高在上的人。對于這樣的人，伊麗莎白即使因為一時沖動而同意嫁給了他，在不久的將來，伊麗莎白仍會后悔的。而如果沒有拒絕后的那封信，伊麗莎白仍舊是那個雖然開朗，美麗，直率，卻太過主觀和偏見的人，對于這樣的人，達西不久便會厭倦的。因為有這些波折，他們之間的愛情才顯得更加珍貴，更加深刻。

如果說婚姻是一座圍城，而男女主人公是像達西和伊麗莎白這樣的人，那么，即使一開始他們互相看不順眼，彼此存有偏見，到最后還是愿意被困在這樣一座城里的。愛的力量是偉大的，它可以讓一個惹人討厭的人為愛改變，可以讓你拋開偏見，重新認識并接受一個人。

愛是沖動，是失去理智，是意氣用事，任由自己癲狂，愛情本身就是瘋狂。然而，又有多少人能為愛瘋狂呢？現實是殘酷的，婚姻不等于愛情，以至于“死生契闊，與子相悅；執子之手，與子偕老。”這個理想離我們越來越遠。達西和伊麗莎白的婚姻是最幸福的，除了刻骨銘心的愛情，還有一個必要條件，那就是達西雄厚的財富。金錢在他們的婚姻中一點也不世俗，這份財富給他們的愛以陽光和養分，他們的婚姻是最讓人羨慕的。如果婚姻是這樣一座圍城，那么我會很愿意被困在這樣一座城中，被愛圍困何嘗不是一種幸福呢？

幸福是一種主觀感受，一個人的婚姻是否幸福，與他對婚姻的態度有關。有人為愛結婚，有人為情欲結婚，有人為財富結婚，也有人為結婚而結婚。《傲慢與偏見》向我們展示了不同的婚姻觀，也讓我們思考，怎樣的婚姻才是我們想要的，怎樣的婚姻才是適合自己的。

“死生契闊，與子相悅；執子之手，與子偕老”是我對婚姻最美好的期盼，也是我看了《傲慢與偏見》這部小說后更加堅定的信念。