第一篇：德國歷史文化風景演講稿

世界文化史演講

尊敬的老師，親愛的同學們：

大家好！我是來自，今天由我帶大家走近德國，感受德國的歷史與文化。德意志聯邦共和國在德語中為“Bundesrepublik Deutschland”，通稱Deutschland，英語中對德國的稱呼“Germany”則是來源于日耳曼人。

德意志聯邦共和國是一個位于中歐的議會制共和制國家。聯邦總統為國家元首，聯邦總理為政府首腦。

德國是歐盟的創始會員國之一，也為聯合國、北約、八國集團、《申根公約》的成員國。德國是歐洲大陸主要的經濟與政治體之一，亦為世界第二大商品出口國和第三大商品進口國，在醫學研究、技術創新和科技水平等領域在世界處于領先地位。

東鄰波蘭、捷克，南接奧地利、瑞士，西接荷蘭、比利時、盧森堡、法國，北接丹麥，瀕臨北海和波羅的海，是歐洲鄰國最多的國家。面積為35.7萬平方公里。

德國國旗，是橫長方形，長與寬之比為5∶3。

三色國旗在機場、賓館、宴會和其他場合懸掛。聯邦政府機構和駐外使館等懸掛帶有黑鷹圖案的國旗。

旗面自上而下依次由黑、紅、黃三道條紋平行相等組成。盾形徽章“聯邦之盾”位于中央。黑鷹象征著力量和勇氣。黑色代表勤勉與力量，紅色象征國民的熱情，金色則代表重視榮譽。

在文藝方面，受意大利文藝復興的影響，德國的18世紀文學走向頂峰。歌德、海涅、席勒、萊辛都是杰出的代表。

音樂是德國人生活中不可缺少的組成部分。德國造就了各個不同時期的音樂大師，如貝多芬、巴赫、門德爾松、瓦格納等。

享譽世界的柏林愛樂樂團，成立于1882年，20年代，該團演出了貝多芬、勃拉姆斯等人的作品，曾在柏林轟動一時；此后又演出了莫扎特、舒曼、肖邦、海頓等作曲家的作品，受到人們的歡迎。卡拉揚擔任常任指揮后，樂團經過他的嚴格訓練，在世界各地演出了大量古典和近代的音樂作品，贏得了很高的國際聲譽。

思想方面，就有我們熟知的馬克思和恩格斯。

慕尼黑位于德國南部阿爾卑斯山北麓的伊薩爾河畔，是德國主要的經濟、文化、科技和交通中心之一，也是歐洲最繁榮的城市之一。慕尼黑同時又保留著原巴伐利亞王國都城的古樸風情，因此被人們稱作“百萬人的村莊”。

寧芬堡宮

寧芬堡宮位于城市的西北端，建于1664至1728年，是一座輝煌的巴洛克宮殿。這座宮殿是選帝侯斐迪南和妻子阿德萊德在1664年邀請了一批意大利建筑師和藝術家建造，以慶祝王室繼承人——兒子選帝侯馬克西米里安二世的出生。

皇家啤酒館

始建于1589年，是當時的皇家啤酒廠。整幢建筑最多可容納5000人；三樓是大宴會廳，可容納1000人一起歡飲。啤酒屋供應其釀造的HB啤酒。每天都有近萬升的啤酒從這兒運往大大小小的酒鋪、酒館、宴會廳以及啤酒園。

屋里的裝飾別具一格，屋頂有鮮艷的彩畫，里面很寬大，不時地有鋼管樂演奏，為豪飲啤酒的人助興。還有身穿巴伐利亞服飾的小姐勸買圈圈。同時你也能看到傳統的巴伐利亞民族歌舞表演。

宴會廳的樂隊會根據世界各國游客的要求，演奏各個國家的名曲。由于中國游客越來越多，現在《義勇軍進行曲》已經成了每天的保留曲目。

新天鵝堡

這座城堡是巴伐利亞國王路德維希二世的行宮之一。共有360個房間，其中只有14個房間依照設計完工，其他的346個房間則因為國王在1886年逝世而未完成。是德國境內受拍照最多的建筑物，也是最受歡迎的旅游景點之一。由于是迪斯尼城堡的原型，也有人叫白雪公主城堡。建于1869年。這猶如人間仙境的地方藏著有關魔法、國王，騎士的古老的民間傳說，還有那無邊原始的森林、柔嫩的山坡、無邊的綠野上漫步著成群的牛羊，積雪終年的阿爾卑斯山和無盡寬闊的大湖。

在這美麗和浪漫的背后卻藏著一個年輕國王的悲劇。巴伐利亞王國的國王路德維希二世出生于1845年8月25日，他從小喜歡各式歌劇和舞臺劇，自己寫了不少與歌頌善良戰勝邪惡的劇本，也是德國著名的舞臺劇作家瓦格納的崇拜者。然而，國王的感情生活卻充滿悲劇色彩，他的童年是與他年輕的表姐，后來的奧地利王后茜茜公主一起度過的，在他那個對愛情開始產生朦朧的感覺時，他的表姐15歲就嫁去了奧地利。她那美麗的倩影留給了年輕的王子深刻難以磨滅的印記。在一次書信中，年輕的王子稱呼茜茜公主，是世上最了解他的人。

茜茜公主也曾經很努力的為她的表弟物色適合的姑娘，當時，年輕的國王也興奮的表示，他已經找到了他一生感情的歸屬。但是，這段感情卻突然結束了。這差一點就成功的婚姻給國王帶來了很大的創傷，自此，他就沉醉于舞臺劇的幻想中。后來，國王為瓦格納的劇本所深深打動，決定修建這座白色的童話城堡為瓦格納的舞臺劇塑造一個背景，讓那勇敢的騎士和那美麗的公主的動人故事能在那里上演。1869年，就在巴伐利亞南部的天鵝城堡遺址上，他勾勒出自己的夢的世界－－新天鵝城堡。

寶馬世界

寶馬世界集汽車交付、體驗館、博物館與活動現場于一身，是一座獨一無二的展覽中心。寶馬世界廣場上有一條充滿駕駛樂趣的走廊：120多米長的最新汽車展示區全方位展現寶馬系列產品。在面向七至十三歲孩子開設的青少年課堂區，不僅激發孩子們的想象力和好奇心，更以適合孩童的方式向他們介紹相關技術知識。此外，這里常年在寶馬世界的獨有氛圍下組織舉辦各種音樂、藝術、政治、經濟活動。

拜仁，是一個位于慕尼黑市的足球俱樂部，于德國足球甲級聯賽參賽。成立百余年來，奪得各項冠軍榮譽，鑄就了球隊璀璨的歷史。目前拜仁共獲23次德甲冠軍，16次德國杯冠軍，5次德國超級杯冠軍，5次歐洲冠軍杯冠軍，1次歐洲聯盟杯冠軍、1次歐洲優勝者杯冠軍以及2次豐田杯冠軍，是德國最成功和最受歡迎的足球俱樂部之一。

慕尼黑啤酒節

慕尼黑啤酒節原名“十月節”，起源1810年10月12日，因在這個節日期間主要的飲料是啤酒，所以人們習慣性地稱其為啤酒節。每年九月末到十月初在德國的慕尼黑舉行，持續兩周，是慕尼黑一年中最盛大的活動，與英國倫敦啤酒節、美國丹佛啤酒節并稱世界三大啤酒節。

起源

1810年10月12日，巴伐利亞的王儲路德維希與薩克森王國的特蕾澤·露易絲公主舉行盛大的婚禮。王儲的父親約瑟夫決定為他兒子的婚禮舉行為期兩天的慶祝活動。為了表示國王對其臣民的恩典，在這兩天的活動中，在慕尼黑有4個地方向全體平民免費供應飯菜和飲料。王國的騎兵衛隊還在慕尼黑西南的一個大草坪上舉行賽馬活動和射擊比賽，以示助興。由于那次慶典給人們留下了深刻的印象，所以人們建議1811年再搞一次全民性的活動。以后就每年舉辦一次。這就是十月節的起源。

開幕儀式

每逢十月節開幕那天，要舉行盛大的開幕式和由各大啤酒廠組織的五彩繽紛的游行。開幕式在一個臨時搭起的大帳篷里由慕尼黑市市長主持。中午12時，在12響禮炮聲和音樂聲中，市長用一柄木槌把黃銅龍頭敲進一個大啤酒桶內，然后擰開龍頭，把啤酒放出來，盛在特制的大啤酒杯中。市長飲下這第一杯，著名的十月節便正式開始了。

盛裝巡游

每年啤酒節的第一個周日，來自全德國各個州的人們穿上富有特色的民族服裝，演奏音樂，浩浩蕩蕩的穿過慕尼黑的市中心，最后來到啤酒節的現場

人們把自己打扮成古代衣著考究的貴族公爵，身披綾羅綢緞的王妃貴婦，駕著鮮花裝扮的古典馬車，也有不少人很樸實的穿著農民過節穿的衣服。參加的人從老到少，有家庭婦女，中學生，連幼兒園小朋友都有。扮演的人物也是豐富多彩，有阿爾卑斯山下的牧童，萊茵河畔的磨房主，到科隆教堂的修女，北德普魯士的老翁。

啤酒帳篷

比一般的帳篷裝修更大也更豪華得多，每個帳篷里放有長條木桌和板凳。大篷的一端還有一個臨時舞臺，由民間樂隊演奏歡樂的民間樂曲。帳篷一般可容納三四千人。最大的有7000個座位。

在十月節期間，各帳篷里都由身穿巴伐利亞民族服裝的女服務員給顧客送酒。雖然看上去她們都很苗條，但卻力大無比，雙手可拿10只裝滿啤酒的大酒杯。游樂項目

科隆狂歡節

科隆狂歡節在市內也被稱為“第五季節”，每年于11月11日11時11分正式在老市場上開幕。

科隆狂歡節被人們認為是全德國最盛大也最為瘋狂的狂歡節。人們為了紀念并迎接即將到來的大齋戒期而投入到這狂歡之中。從前，人們為了將冬季惡靈驅逐出城，便頭戴面具上街游行，而現在這一慣例被保留了下來。

節日期間，小到酒館大到街道，處處聚滿了身著各色奇裝異服的人們，每個人都沉浸在游行的歡歌笑語之中。同時，所有的商業活動一律歇業。

游行是這里的重頭戲，綿延5英里的游行隊伍，沿途有成千上萬的人群在道路兩旁觀看表演，同時也可以得到一些從游行隊伍中撒出來的糖果。

狂歡節會一直延續到明年的2月底，但節日的高潮一般在每年的1月底-2月底，正好與中國的農歷新年接近。德國許多城市都舉辦狂歡節活動，但最有聲望規模最宏大的狂歡節慶祝活動在科隆和杜塞爾多夫這兩座比鄰的城市

霍亨索倫橋 這座橋不僅是科隆市景的重要組成，更有著浪漫的愛情傳說——人們相信在橋上掛上鎖，鑰匙拋下萊茵河，愛情便能天長地久。霍亨索倫橋和它旁邊的科隆主火車站是德國和歐洲鐵路網最重要的樞紐之一，是一座規模非常壯大的建筑物，是科隆市容和科隆大教堂的景致不可缺少的一部分。

法里納香水博物館

一個世界上最古老的香水工廠，展示了香水制造的起源和歷史，讓你嗅出另一個世界

法里納公司座落在科隆市中心，距離科隆大教堂步行只要幾分鐘。從1709年以來，這里生產的香水遍布全球。直到二戰以后，法里納公司才將生產基地搬到科隆南部，但公司總部仍保留在原地，并設立了法里納香水博物館。

巧克力博物館

科隆巧克力博物館，由德國著名的巧克力制造商施多威克先生投資5300萬馬克于1993年建成，建筑本身是古老建筑藝術和現代建筑風格的一個成功的結合。每年有約60萬游客，展示面積約4000平方米，大約有2000件展品。整個博物館的展示分為三個主題區和一個特展廳，并配套有豐富的教育活動。接近博物館，那濃濃的可可味隨著萊茵河畔的清風飄過。岸邊形似船艦的現代建筑物就是博物館的所在。

科隆大教堂簡介

科隆大教堂是歐洲北部最大的教堂，全名是“查格特 ?彼得?瑪麗亞大教堂”，它以輕盈、雅致著稱于世，是中世紀歐洲哥特式建筑藝術的代表作，也可以說是世界上最完美的哥特式教堂建筑。它與巴黎圣母院大教堂和羅馬圣彼得大教堂并稱為歐洲三大宗教建筑。科隆大教堂是科隆的驕傲，也是科隆的標志。

整個建造工程前后跨越六個多世紀,它是德國中世紀哥特式宗教建筑藝術的典范。如今的科隆大教堂始建于1248年，1880年竣工,若非19世紀的復古風席卷歐洲,那么這棟哥特式的經典之作恐怕永無完工之日。經過了七個世紀，它先后的建筑者都持有同樣的信仰，而且絕對忠誠于原定計劃。大教堂工程規模浩大，至今仍保存著成千上萬張設計圖。其建筑期長達632年，堪稱世界之最。教堂四壁窗戶總面積達1 萬多方米，全裝有描繪圣經人物的彩色玻璃，被稱為法蘭西火焰式，使教堂顯得更為莊嚴。據說，畫面如此漂亮，卻只有用4種顏色，而且很有講究：金色——代表人類共有一個天堂，寓意光明和永恒；紅色——代表愛；藍色——代表信仰：綠色——代表希望和未來。在陽光反射下，這些玻璃金光閃爍，絢麗多彩。是教堂的一道獨特的風景。

法蘭克福

羅馬廣場

緬因河流經市區，將法蘭克福一分為二，古城區的羅馬廣場就在河的北邊；羅馬廣場旁有個羅馬廳，實際上就是舊的市政廳，里面的皇帝殿（Kaisersaal）是許多羅馬皇帝進行加冕的地方。羅馬廣場西側的三個山形墻的建筑物，可以說是法蘭克福的象征。雖然遭遇數百年戰火的摧殘，但整修后仍保存完好。羅馬廣場的東側則有有一排古色古香的半木造市民住宅。羅馬廣場是法蘭克福現代化市容中，仍然保留著中古街道面貌的唯一廣場。羅馬廣場西側的三個山形墻的建筑物，可以說是法蘭克福的象征。1944年，該廣場受到英國空軍的猛烈空襲，基本被毀，戰后重建。它與柏林的巴黎廣場、漢堡的市政廳廣場，和慕尼黑的瑪利亞廣場是德國最重要的城市廣場。

海德堡

海德堡老城在內卡河南岸傍河而建，為長條形。盡管老城十分現代化，但街道、小巷、和主要建筑都保留了原來的古樸風格。紅褐色古城建在巨大的山崖上，最早建于13世紀，歷史上經過幾次擴建，形成哥特式、巴洛克式及文藝復興三種風格的混合體，整個城堡有高大的圍墻、塔樓、宮殿和英國式的花園，曾經是歐洲最大的城堡之一。在30年戰爭期間遭到毀壞，如今大部分已經是廢墟了。城堡里保存了一個巨大的葡萄酒桶，有8米高9米長可以裝22萬升酒。城堡里還設有德意志藥店博物館，展示有16－18世紀的藥草和制藥的器具。

時間原因，只能簡單介紹很小的一部分的德國文化，最后，幾張德國街景送給大家。謝謝！

第二篇：歷史文化

1.我國境內的早期人類 ⑴元謀人

1965年在云南省元謀縣，發現了兩顆牙齒化石和一些粗糙的石器。經科學鑒定，這是遠古人類的遺骨、遺物，年代為距今約170萬年，考古學家稱他們為元謀人。元謀人是迄今所知中國境內年代最早的直立人。

⑵北京人

1929年北京人頭蓋骨化石在北京西南周口店龍骨山山洞里被發現，同時出土了大量石制品、骨器和用火遺跡，年代為距今約70萬年。

北京人的模樣與現代人不完全相同，還保留著猿類的某些特征，但能夠用手使用工具勞動，四肢發展很快，并由于勞動和直立行走，促進了頭腦的變化。北京人 把石塊敲打成粗糙的石器，這種打制的石器稱為舊石器。他們還把樹枝砍成木棒。石器和木棒是人類最早的勞動工具。能夠制造工具，是人和動物的根本區別。北京 人已能使用天然火，用火來燒烤食物、照明、防寒、嚇跑野獸等。火的使用，增強了他們征服自然的能力，是人類進化過程中的一大進步。北京人過著群居生活，這 是早期的人類社會。北京人已經學會用簡單的語言，表達感情和交流思想。

2.遠古文化 ⑴仰韶文化

仰韶文化于1921年在河南省三門峽市澠池縣仰韶村被發現，是黃河中游地區重要的新石器時代文化，年代大約在公元前5000年至公元前3000 年。紅陶器上常有彩繪的幾何形圖案或動物形花紋，是仰韶文化的最明顯特征，故也稱其為彩陶文化。仰韶文化的遺址已有上千處被發現，其中以西安半坡遺址最為典型。半坡遺址有以下特點：

①半坡原始居民主要種植粟，證明了我國是世界上最早種植粟的國家。②半坡原始居民已經會建造房屋，過著定居的生活。③半坡原始居民普遍使用磨制石器，也就是新石器。④半坡原始居民能夠制作和使用陶器。⑤半坡遺址反映了黃河流域農耕文化的特點。⑵河姆渡文化 河姆渡氏族遺址發現于浙江省余姚市河姆渡村，它所屬的文化也是中國長江下游地區典型的新石器時代文化和氏族公社文化的代表，它的年代大約為公元前5000年至公元前3300年。

特點：(1)河姆渡人已種植水稻，證明了我國是世界上最早栽培水稻的國家。(2)河姆渡人能建筑結構比較復雜的木結構房屋，過著定居生活。(3)河姆渡人已經普遍使用磨制石器，即新石器。

(4)河姆渡人能夠制作和使用陶器，在低洼的地方開挖水井。(5)河姆渡遺址反映了長江流域農耕文化的特點。

河姆渡和半坡原始居民都處于母系氏族公社時期。那時候婦女在社會生活中占有重要地位，是生產和生活的組織者，受到尊敬。這一時期，人們過著平等的生活，沒有貴賤貧富和階級的差別。

中國古代朝代順序歌

夏商與西周，東周分兩段，春秋和戰國，一統秦兩漢，三分魏蜀吳，二晉前后延，南北朝并立，隋唐五代傳，宋元明清后，皇朝至此完。

夏、商

【考點1】二里頭文化

河南洛陽偃師二里頭村遺址距今大約3800～3500年，二里頭遺址是夏商時代重要的考古遺址。專家在二里頭文化遺址發現了中國迄今最早宮殿建筑基址。二里頭文化是探索夏文明的主要對象。

【考點2】殷墟

商朝時期我國古代奴隸制經濟和文化得到空前發展，商朝成為當時世界上的大國。我國有文字可考的歷史就是從商朝開始的。

商朝前期，因水患和政治**而屢次遷移都城。約公元前1300年，商王盤庚把都城遷到殷(今河南安陽)，商朝從此穩定下來。因此，商朝又叫殷朝。殷都城因年久失修而廢圮，稱為殷墟。

【考點3】甲骨文

甲骨文具有如下特點：

(1)寫在龜甲或獸骨上;(2)清末發現于河南殷墟;(3)記載占卜結果;(4)具備象形、指事、會意、形聲、轉注、假借“六書”構字規律;(5)說明商朝時期我國中原地區已有相當高的文明，為研究商代歷史和古文字留下豐富資料;(6)今天的漢字就是從甲骨文發展而來的。

【考點4】青銅器

商朝的手工業很發達，最重要的是青銅器制造業。具體表現如下：

1.在手工業作坊里，人們把銅、錫、鉛放在一起冶煉青銅。熔爐的溫度高達1000攝氏度左右。

2.商朝青銅器形式多樣，有器皿、武器、工具等。

3.后母戊大方鼎重832.84千克，是現今世界上最大的青銅器。

4.四羊方尊是商朝青銅器的精品之作。【考點1】西周 武王伐紂

商朝末年，商王紂統治殘暴，激起人民的紛紛反抗。周武王帶領一些小國、部落，向商都進攻，史稱“武王伐紂”。

公元前1046年，雙方在商都郊外牧野激戰，紂王臨時湊集的軍隊倒戈，引導周軍進攻商都，紂王自焚而死，商朝滅亡。周武王建立周朝，都城在鎬，稱鎬京，歷史上叫做西周。

【考點2】分封制

釋義：西周分封諸侯的政治制度。目的：鞏固奴隸制國家政權。

內容：周初統治者先后把王族、功臣和先代貴族分封到各地做諸侯，各自建立的國家叫諸侯國。諸侯國要服從周王的命令，向周王貢獻財物，要派兵隨從周王作戰。初期分封的重要諸侯國有齊、魯、燕、衛、晉、宋等。

作用：牢固地統治了原來商朝的地區，而且不斷發展，使周朝成為一個疆域空前廣大的奴隸制國家。

【考點3】烽火戲諸侯

釋義：西周時周幽王，為褒姒(bāo sì)一笑，點燃了烽火臺，戲弄了諸侯。褒姒看了果然哈哈大笑。幽王很高興，因而又多次點燃烽火。后來諸侯們都不相信了，也就漸漸不來了。后來犬戎攻破鎬京，殺死周幽王，后來周幽王的兒子周平王即位，開始了東周時期。評價：烽火戲諸侯只不過是西周滅亡的催化劑，加劇了它的滅亡。就算沒有烽火戲諸侯，西周早晚也會在其他事件中滅亡，無法挽回，烽火戲諸侯只是一個機遇而已，只要天子失信的話，諸侯就大有依借失信，自大，爭霸。在未烽火戲諸侯之前，各家都只是暗地里擴大而已。當時政權已經搖搖欲墜，烽火戲諸侯只是一個引子，由量變到質變的一個誘因。如果不發生這件事，也還是會有其它誘因的。

【考點1】西周 武王伐紂

商朝末年，商王紂統治殘暴，激起人民的紛紛反抗。周武王帶領一些小國、部落，向商都進攻，史稱“武王伐紂”。

公元前1046年，雙方在商都郊外牧野激戰，紂王臨時湊集的軍隊倒戈，引導周軍進攻商都，紂王自焚而死，商朝滅亡。周武王建立周朝，都城在鎬，稱鎬京，歷史上叫做西周。

【考點2】分封制

釋義：西周分封諸侯的政治制度。目的：鞏固奴隸制國家政權。

內容：周初統治者先后把王族、功臣和先代貴族分封到各地做諸侯，各自建立的國家叫諸侯國。諸侯國要服從周王的命令，向周王貢獻財物，要派兵隨從周王作戰。初期分封的重要諸侯國有齊、魯、燕、衛、晉、宋等。

作用：牢固地統治了原來商朝的地區，而且不斷發展，使周朝成為一個疆域空前廣大的奴隸制國家。

【考點3】烽火戲諸侯

釋義：西周時周幽王，為褒姒(bāo sì)一笑，點燃了烽火臺，戲弄了諸侯。褒姒看了果然哈哈大笑。幽王很高興，因而又多次點燃烽火。后來諸侯們都不相信了，也就漸漸不來了。后來犬戎攻破鎬京，殺死周幽王，后來周幽王的兒子周平王即位，開始了東周時期。

評價：烽火戲諸侯只不過是西周滅亡的催化劑，加劇了它的滅亡。就算沒有烽火戲諸侯，西周早晚也會在其他事件中滅亡，無法挽回，烽火戲諸侯只是一個機遇而已，只要天子失信的話，諸侯就大有依借失信，自大，爭霸。在未烽火戲諸侯之前，各家都只是暗地里擴大而已。當時政權已經搖搖欲墜，烽火戲諸侯只是一個引子，由量變到質變的一個誘因。如果不發生這件事，也還是會有其它誘因的。

春秋戰國 【考點1】春秋五霸

春秋五霸：一種說法是齊桓公、宋襄公、晉文公、秦穆公、楚莊王，另一種說法是齊桓公、晉文公、楚莊王、吳王闔閭、越王勾踐。

主要歷史事件：

齊桓公稱霸：公元前7世紀前期，齊桓公任用管仲為相，改革政治、經濟、軍事，“通工商之業，便魚鹽之利”，成為東方強國。公元前7世紀中期，齊桓公在葵丘會盟，成為霸主。

晉楚爭霸：公元前7世紀后期，晉國經城濮之戰大敗楚國，大會諸侯，晉文公成為中原霸主。公元前6世紀前期，楚軍大敗晉軍，楚莊王稱霸中原。晉楚爭霸，持續了一百多年。

吳越戰爭：春秋晚期，長江流域還有吳越兩國的爭霸。吳國在江蘇南部地區，越國在浙江錢塘江流域。先是越國被吳國打敗，吳王稱霸。之后，勾踐臥薪嘗膽，重新強盛起來，打敗吳國。

【考點2】戰國七雄

戰國時期從公元前475年至公元前221年，是我國封建制的確立時期。戰國七雄是指齊、楚、燕、韓、趙、魏、秦七個強盛的諸侯國。

【考點3】商鞅變法

公元前356年，秦孝公任用商鞅為左庶長(相當于偏將軍之職，為中級官吏)，開始了第一次變法。主要內容為：

“令民為什伍”，實行連坐法;重農抑商，獎勵農耕;獎勵軍功，按功受爵，貴族無軍功不再受爵;“燔詩書而明法令”。

第二次變法內容主要有：

統一秦國的度量衡;廢分封制，行縣制;“為田開阡陌封疆”，廢除井田制，以法律形式確立土地私有制度。

結果：遭到奴隸主貴族的強烈反對，秦孝公死后，商鞅被施以車裂之刑，但新法卻保留下來

春秋戰國

【考點1】春秋五霸

春秋五霸：一種說法是齊桓公、宋襄公、晉文公、秦穆公、楚莊王，另一種說法是齊桓公、晉文公、楚莊王、吳王闔閭、越王勾踐。主要歷史事件：

齊桓公稱霸：公元前7世紀前期，齊桓公任用管仲為相，改革政治、經濟、軍事，“通工商之業，便魚鹽之利”，成為東方強國。公元前7世紀中期，齊桓公在葵丘會盟，成為霸主。

晉楚爭霸：公元前7世紀后期，晉國經城濮之戰大敗楚國，大會諸侯，晉文公成為中原霸主。公元前6世紀前期，楚軍大敗晉軍，楚莊王稱霸中原。晉楚爭霸，持續了一百多年。

吳越戰爭：春秋晚期，長江流域還有吳越兩國的爭霸。吳國在江蘇南部地區，越國在浙江錢塘江流域。先是越國被吳國打敗，吳王稱霸。之后，勾踐臥薪嘗膽，重新強盛起來，打敗吳國。

【考點2】戰國七雄

戰國時期從公元前475年至公元前221年，是我國封建制的確立時期。戰國七雄是指齊、楚、燕、韓、趙、魏、秦七個強盛的諸侯國。

【考點3】商鞅變法

公元前356年，秦孝公任用商鞅為左庶長(相當于偏將軍之職，為中級官吏)，開始了第一次變法。主要內容為：

“令民為什伍”，實行連坐法;重農抑商，獎勵農耕;獎勵軍功，按功受爵，貴族無軍功不再受爵;“燔詩書而明法令”。

第二次變法內容主要有：

統一秦國的度量衡;廢分封制，行縣制;“為田開阡陌封疆”，廢除井田制，以法律形式確立土地私有制度。

春秋戰國 【考點4】都江堰

秦國李冰修建，四川都江堰市岷江。全世界迄今為止，年代最久、唯一留存、以無壩引水為特征的宏大水利工程。世界水利文化的鼻祖。

【考點5】諸子百家

儒家孔子春秋編纂《春秋》，修訂“五經”創辦私學，有教無類。主張“德治”和“仁政”。孔子“述而不作”，其弟子作《論語》，記敘其言行

孟子戰國《孟子》(語錄體散文集)性善論，民貴君輕。孟子的政治論，是以仁政為內容的王道，其本質是為封建統治階級服務的。他把“親親”、“長長”的原則運用于政治 荀子戰國《荀子》性惡論。天行有常，不為堯存，不為桀亡。樸素唯物主義 道家老子春秋《道德經》“無為而治”“上善若水”“柔弱勝剛強”“禍兮福之所倚，福兮禍之所伏”“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物”

莊子戰國《莊子》，又稱《南華經》“天人合一”“清靜無為”“庖丁解牛”“莊周夢蝶”“鵬程萬里”《齊物論》《逍遙游》

墨家墨子戰國《墨子》兼愛、非攻、尚賢、節用

雜家呂不韋戰國《呂氏春秋》“兼儒墨、合名法”“于百家之道無不貫綜”

兵家①孫武春秋《孫子兵法》軍事思想。《孫子兵法》：世界上最早最著名的兵書，為春秋末期齊國人孫武

②孫臏戰國《孫臏兵法》

1.黨一大：1921年，中國共產黨第一次全國代表大會在上海舉行，大會選舉陳獨秀、張國燾、李達組成黨的領導機構，陳獨秀為書記，一大標志著中國共產黨的成立，并提出了黨的最高綱領要實現共產主義。

2.黨二大：1922年，黨二大在上海召開，中共二大在歷史上的重要貢獻是第一次明確提出黨的最低綱領，即反帝反封建的民主革命綱領，為中國革命指明了方向。

3.黨三大：1923年，黨三大在廣州舉行，大會確定共產黨員以個人身份加入國民黨，用黨內合作的形式實現國共合作，而次年國民黨一大的舉行，標志著國共第一次合作的正式開始。

4.黨七大：1945年，由于從1924年開始，我國就進入了戰爭模式，從第一次國民革命、到土地革命、到抗日戰爭、再到解放戰爭，這期間黨的會議召開時間沒有規律可循。黨七大中劉少奇正式確立毛澤東思想在黨中央的重要性，并把毛澤東思想確立為黨的指導思想，且寫入黨章。

5.黨八大：1956年，中共八大正確分析了國內形式和主要矛盾的變化，并明

確指出黨個全國人民當前的主要任務，就是集中力量把我國盡快地從落后的農業國變為先進的工業國，提出了既反保守又反冒進，在綜合平穩中穩步前進的經濟建設方針，八大所提的路線是正確的，很多設想都富有創造性，是我國建設社會主義道路的一次成功探索，只不過后來在執行過程中出現了偏差。6.黨十一屆三中全會：1978年，十一屆三中全會拋棄了“以階級斗爭為綱”的錯誤指導方針，提出要沖破“兩個凡是”錯誤思想的束縛，要解放思想，明確黨和國家的工作重點要轉移到經濟建設上來，并且提出了一系列改革開放的工作方針和政策。

7.黨十一屆六中全會：1981年，大會審議并通過了《關于建國以來黨的若干歷史問題的決議》，對黨的重大歷史問題，尤其“文革”及毛澤東的功過是非，毛澤東思想的指導意義等進行了總結和評價，標志著我們撥亂反正工作的完成。

8.黨十二大：1982年，從十二大開始，黨的會議召開又特別有規律可循，自此每隔5年開一屆全國黨代會，十二大開幕詞中明確提出“建設有中國特色的社會主義”這個命題。

9.黨十三大：1987年，十三大明確提出了社會主義初級階段理論，以及初級階段總路線，和“三步走”戰略。

10.黨十四大：1992年，1992年鄧小平南方談話提出了“不管白貓黑貓，抓到老鼠就是好貓”，接下來召開了十四大，明確提出了我國經濟體制改革的目標是要建立“社會主義市場經濟”。

11.黨十五大：1997年，大會中把鄧小平理論確立為黨的指導思想，并寫入黨章，鄧小平理論回答的首要問題“什么是社會主義、怎樣建設社會主義”。

12.黨十六大：2002年，十六大當中把三個代表重要思想確立為黨的指導思想，并寫入黨章，“三個代表”是我們共產黨的立黨之本、執政之基、力量之源。

13.黨十七大：2007年，十七大把科學發展觀寫入黨章，并且在2012年十八大當中，把科學發展觀確立為黨的指導思想。

14.黨十八大：中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會(簡稱中共十八大)于2012年11月8日在北京召開。中央確定，黨的十八大代表名額共2270名，由全國40個選舉單位選舉產生。2012年11月8日9:00在人民大會堂大禮堂舉行。大會選舉了新一屆的中共中央領導層，包括中央委員會委員、中央候補委員、中央紀律檢查委員會委員。

秦王朝

【考點1】秦的統一

秦原是周朝的一個諸侯國，嬴姓，相傳始祖伯益曾輔助禹治水有功，被帝舜賜了嬴姓。伯益的后人非子曾為周孝王養馬，憑著他的本事，馬繁殖得很快。周孝王于是把秦谷(今甘肅省天水市西南面)一帶分封給他，這就是“秦”的起源了。前770年，秦襄公護送周平王東遷至雒邑有功，被封為諸侯，秦始建國，占領東周王室在關中的領地。后來秦王政于前221年統一并建立大秦帝國。為了加強全國之大一統，秦王政在政治、軍事、經濟、交通、文化及對外開拓諸方面，采取了一系列新的政策，大大加強了全國之一統，對后世亦產生頗大的影響，不過其事業是在殘酷壓榨民眾的條件下，于短短的十來年內集中完成的，所以秦朝之統治不免帶有苛急、暴虐的特點。最后都城咸陽于前207年十月被劉邦攻陷，秦朝滅亡，立國共十五年。

【考點2】中央集權制度的確立

秦王政統一中國后，遂自稱“功過三皇，德兼五帝”，創建皇帝尊號，自號為?始皇帝?，他認為謚號乃是“子論父，臣論君”，大為不妥而廢除之，而改用計數方式的世數尊號，自稱始皇帝，宣布子孫稱二世、三世，以至萬世，代代承襲。秦始皇規定皇帝自稱朕，命改為制，令改為詔。“皇帝”尊號，“朕”御用自稱等皆源自秦朝開始。

秦始皇實行了一系列加強中央集權，鞏固國家統一的措施。皇帝擁有至高無上的權力，大臣只有參政議事權，無決策權;中央實行三公九卿制，“三公” 即是丞相、御史大夫、太尉，分掌行政、監察和軍事;地方實行郡縣制，分天下為三十六郡，統一度量衡、貨幣、文字;全國修建驛道，秦馳道，興建水利，筑靈渠;遷萬姓充屯邊地，謫判罪犯戍守邊防;在戰國諸國所建長城的基礎上修建萬里長城，以防匈奴入侵。

【考點3】秦末農民戰爭

指中國秦朝末年群雄起兵反秦的戰爭。始于陳勝、吳廣領導的大澤鄉起義，其后各地向應，原本被秦國所滅的諸侯國紛紛自立。不過各路實力有強有弱，其中屬項羽和劉邦領導的兩支軍力最強。

八年的戰爭中，中國沒有統一的政權，因為戰爭由秦朝末年開始，戰爭所處的時代稱秦朝末年，即秦末。

隋唐時期：政治變化 【考點1】隋朝的統一

隋朝(581年3月4日—619年5月23日)是中國歷史之中，上承南北朝、下啟唐朝的一個重要的朝代，史學家常把它和唐朝合稱隋唐。581年3月4日，隋文帝楊堅受禪建立隋朝，619年5月23日，隋哀帝禪讓王世充，隋朝滅亡，國祚38年。

北周于577年滅北齊，統一華北后國力興盛，但是北周宣帝奢侈浮華，沉緬酒色，政治****。外戚楊堅乘機將北周重臣外遣，朝政逐漸由他掌握。580年6月8日北周宣帝病死，楊堅扶持年幼的北周靜帝宇文闡，以大丞相身份輔政。581年3月4日，北周靜帝禪讓帝位于楊堅，楊堅登基為帝，即隋文帝，建國隋，北周亡。隋文帝意圖南滅南朝陳，采納高颎的策略：干擾南朝陳的農業生產，破壞陳國的軍事儲積，使陳國損失慘重，而又疲憊不堪。隋與突厥之戰勝利后，587年10月26日隋文帝廢西梁后主蕭琮，西梁亡。隔年發動隋滅陳之戰。589年2月10日，聯軍進入建康城，俘陳后主。不久，各地陳軍或受陳后主號令投降、或抵抗隋軍而被消滅，只有嶺南地區受冼夫人保境據守。590年9月，隋派使臣韋洸等人安撫嶺南，冼夫人率眾迎接隋使，嶺南諸州悉為隋地。

至此，隋朝結束西晉永嘉之亂以來二百八十余年南北分裂的局面，完成中國的大一統。【考點2】三省六部

三省六部制是中國古代的中央官制。三省指中書省、門下省、尚書省，六部指尚書省下屬的吏部、戶部、禮部、兵部、刑部、工部。每部各轄四司，共為二十四司。

至隋朝，隋文帝綜合漢魏官制創立了三省六部制，主要掌管中央政令和政策的制定、審核與貫徹執行，因避楊忠諱，改中書省為內史省。

唐朝基本上沿用了隋朝的制度，并有所補充和發展，使其中央集權體制更加完善，因避李世民諱，改民部為戶部。宋朝承唐制，但三省六部的主要職權都己轉移至其他機構，三省六部有名無實。

三省制的特色

1.相權三分：中書省制定法令，門下省審核法令，尚書省執行法令。這樣可互相制衡，也能分工合作，從而提高了行政的效率。

2.集思廣益：三省長官共同協商政務，既可收集思廣益之效，又可增加決策效率。3.職掌分明：三省職權按行政程序劃分，一切政令由構思草詔(中書)、審核(門下)至執行(尚書)，都經由三省處理。

4.節制君權：皇帝所頒政令，未經政事堂通過，不能施行;以相權節制君權，可補君主才干之不足。

隋唐時期：政治變化 【考點3】科舉制

科舉是一種通過考試來選拔官吏的制度。它是古代中國的一項重要政治制度，對中國社會和文化產生了巨大影響，直接催生了不論門第、以考試產生的“士大夫”階層。鄰近中國的亞洲國家如越南、日本和朝鮮也曾引入了這種制度來選拔人才。》》更多、更全行測技巧、考點大全、行測每日一練 盡在中公教育行測頻道《《

科舉始于605年時的隋朝，發展并成型于唐朝，一直延續到清朝末年，才在1905年被廢除;在越南更遲至阮朝末年的1919年才廢除，持續了1300多年。現代社會選拔公務員的制度亦是從科舉制間接演變而來。

科舉制度在中國實行了整整一千三百年，對中國以至東亞、世界都產生了深遠的影響。隋唐以后中國的社會結構、政治制度、教育、人文思想，莫不受科舉的影響。

【考點4】貞觀之治

是指中國唐太宗在位期間的清明政治。由于唐太宗能任人廉能，知人善用;廣開言路，虛心納諫，重用魏徵等諍臣。注重農業發展，免除苛捐雜稅;對外，大力平定外患，使得社會安定、邊疆穩固。當時年號為“貞觀”(627年-649年)，故史稱“貞觀之治”。

唐太宗在用人方面，知人善任，用人唯賢，不問出身，初期延攬房玄齡、杜如晦，后期任用長孫無忌、楊師道、褚遂良等。他擴大諫官的權力，又鼓勵臣下直諫。重視官吏的清廉，曾命房玄齡省并冗員，派李靖等十三名黜陟大使巡察全國，考察吏治。

在經濟方面，推行均田制和租庸調制，注意輕徭薄賦，徭役的征發不奪農時;同時太宗崇尚節儉，令免去四方珍貢，從而農業及民生得以不斷發展。

總之，在太宗執政的貞觀年間(627年-649年)，在君臣的共同努力之下，出現了一個政治清明、經濟發展、社會安定、武功興盛的治世，史稱“貞觀之治”。

隋唐時期：歷史名人與盛世 【考點5】文成公主

松贊干布建立了吐蕃王朝，為加強和唐朝的關系，學習中原地區先進文化，向唐朝遣使，請求通婚。唐貞觀十四年(640)，唐太宗將文成公主嫁給松贊干布。這為吐蕃經濟文化的發展和漢藏兩族的友誼作出了重要貢獻。

【考點6】武則天

唐太宗死后，唐高宗李治即位。唐高宗懦弱多病，皇后武則天協助處理朝政，逐步掌權。唐高宗去世幾年后，武則天稱帝，改國號為周。她是中國歷史上唯一的女皇帝。武則天重視發展農業生產，使社會經濟繼續發展，她注重發展科舉制度，重用有才能的人，如姚崇、宋璟等。其統治的弊端是重用武氏家庭、大肆崇佛等。【考點7】開元之治

開元之治是唐玄宗(李隆基)統治前期所出現的盛世。唐玄宗在位44年，前期(開元年間)政治清明，勵精圖治，任用賢能，經濟迅速發展，提倡文教，使得天下大治，唐朝進入全盛時期，并成為當時世界上最強盛的國家，史稱“開元盛世”，前后共29年。

第三篇：歷史文化

歷史文化---國家的“命根”

一個國家的歷史與文化,乃這個國家獨有的精神遺產，也就是說對于文化作為一個國家的特殊基因，是國家生存和發展的依據，是屹立于世界上的歷史憑據。就像著名歷史學者鄧清珂先生說過那樣：“文化不是漂移的浮萍，而是一個國家的根。”

天下興亡，文化有責，興之則強，弱之則衰。失去文化，一個國家就會停止心跳。就像現在正處于動蕩的敘利亞正是依靠歷史文化耶路撒冷得以建國。只要文化尚在，不論這時候的國家發展如何，總有一天沒有什么能阻止它再一次重新屹立在世界上。文化能夠立國，意義不言而喻。2010年3月5日國務院總理溫家寶在十一屆全國人大三次會議上作政府工作報告時指出：“國家發展，民族振興，不僅需要強大的經濟力量，更需要強大的文化力量。”文化是一個民族的精神靈魂，是一個民族真正有力量的決定性因素，可以深刻影響到一個國家發展的進程，改變一個民族的命運。文化往往凝聚著一個民族對世界和生命的歷史認知和現實感受，負載著整個民族認同的核心價值。

文化是一個國家的精神之魂。國家的軍事等硬實力只是骨架，而文化是內涵實力。如果沒有它，硬件只是空殼，熬不住時間的長期洗禮。唯有把文化注入骨子里，一個國家才能蓬勃發展，活力無限。文化正是把歷史的積淀和現實場景以及未來的希望一并植入國家內心，是國家獲得強大的精神動力。

當然，文化也是一個國家的物質基礎。在當下，文化和經濟的合流，開創了經濟發展的新源泉。隨著文化產業日益成為國民經濟重要支柱，越來越多的國家認識到，文化的競爭，是經濟的競爭，是綜合國力的較量。

阿富汗博物館大門有一條著名橫幅寫道：“只要一個國家的文化和歷史活著，這個國家就會活著。”中國也有句古話：“滅人之國必先先去其史。”這兩句名言從正反方面說明，只要文化尚在，無論發生多少曲折，不管經歷多大“地震”，一座城市可以再造，一個國家可以再生。這個世界上，幾乎沒有一個國家的人民，會否定，甚至污蔑本民族的歷史和文化。很多國家，為了維護自己的歷史文化，甚至到了敝帚自珍的變態程度。可以毫不夸張的說，即使百年之前的尿盆馬桶，在他們的眼里，也是彰顯文明，炫耀歷史并值得巡游展覽的珍貴文物。更不要說具有民族歸屬性質的人文理念和哲學思想了，那更是賴以自豪的文化資本。

文化重要性想必不言而喻，那么作為現代的我們，該如何看待文化呢？比如國家的歷史文物，古城等等，我們要用心去了解他的歷史意義，用心去保護他，讓他繼續影響后人，讓影響力生生不息。除此之外，我們要對傳統文化持正確積極的態度，不要說時代變了，文化就不是適用了。孔子學院如今遍布全世界，作為一名中國人，更應該去了解這些文化。

所以，文化不僅決定一個國家的命脈，而且決定一個國家的高度。

第四篇：馬云德國演講稿

馬云德國演講稿

篇一：馬云德國演講 China's Internet tycoon Jack Ma, founder of giant online merchant Alibaba, gave a glimpse of thefuture when he demonstrated a new e-payment system using facial recognition at the CeBIT IT fairin Germany.Criss-crossing the stage in the style of a Silicon Valley pioneer late Sunday, Ma showed off thetechnology that uses facial recognition from a smartphone camera selfie as a digital signature,saying he had just used it to send a gift to the mayor of the event's host city of Hanover.Ma, a former teacher, is known for thinking big, and at this week's CeBIT he was the keynotespeaker, addressing an audience that included German Chancellor Angela Merkel.名人演講視頻：馬云德國漢諾威展演講全程 Like many other companies from the event's official partner country China, Alibaba--flush withcash from a massive stock listing--is looking beyond the borders of its huge domestic market of1.2 billion people, to the world.Ma enthused that, while the industrial revolution freed workers from hard labour, the digital”revolution...liberates the strength of the human brain”.“It's not the technology that can change the world, it's the dreams behind the technology thatchange the world,” the 50-year-old told the audience, adding that his dream was to help smallenterprises sell on a global market.Ma has not hidden his global ambitions and has cited as his models global companies such as Wal-Mart, IBM(NYSE: IBMnews).In January at the World Economic Forum in Davos, he said his target was two billion Alibaba usersworldwide, compared to 334 million “active buyers” in December, and a global version of Taobao,the sales site that cemented his dominance in China.-Global ambitionsnews).“Simply making a name for yourself in a market where the leaders have been established for a longtime is going to be difficult.”It is more likely that Alibaba conquers emerging markets with still nascent online trade whileprudently strengthening its presence in developed countries.” The head of German IT industry group BITKOM, Dieter Kempf, said about Alibaba that “the successis impressive, even if it is in large part because suppliers face a very large, hungry Chinese market”.Asked whether it could become a true global player, he said: ?I think we will have to see.Someonewho can operate successfully in a large domestic market is not necessarily a good exporter...itreally depends on the individual solutions.” The Chinese giant has already launched an online auction site in the US, called 11main, challengedAmazon in the field of cloud computing with a service called Aliyun, and invested $200 million(188million euros)in Snapchat, a photo-sharing application.Bryan Wang, Beijing-based analyst for the consultancy Forrester Research, said it was an earlyattempt by Alibaba to try to “understand digital consumers on a worldwide scale, outside ofChina”.Last September, the Hangzhou-based group raised a massive $25 billion on the New York stockmarket, although the share price has since fallen below the listing price.Founded in 1999, Alibaba has based its success on Taobao--“look for treasure” in Mandarin--andTmall, a gigantic virtual mall that has become so dominant that even Amazon has opened up shopthere.Like Google, Alibaba capitalises on the analysis of user data.It does not charge commission toindividuals but derives its profits from advertising options it offers to improve their visibility.The volume of annual trade carried on its platforms, still mostly within China, exceeds that of eBayand Amazon combined.Alibaba operates its own online payment system Alipay, and has received approval from Beijing toopen a private bank.It also offers a navigation system, an online tour operator, and a musicstreaming service, among other things.“Alibaba is not only an e-commerce platform, it is the largest digital ecosystem in China,” saidWang.“Wherever you are in China, Alibaba actually knows your behaviour.” But Alibaba still faces other challenges--it has been accused of not doing enough to eliminatecounterfeits sold on its platforms.(英文文本 via ChinaDaily)重點解析 Key Phrases/Words 1.tycoon n.企業巨頭，大亨 2.Criss-crossing v.方格形(criss-cross的現在分詞)，十字形的 3.facial recognition 面孔識別 4.digital signature 數字簽名，數位簽名 5.enthuse vt.使熱情 vi.對…極熱心 6.nascent adj.初期的，初生的，開始形成的 7.counterfeits 仿制，造假

篇二：馬云在德國漢諾威演講的英文演講稿 馬云在德國漢諾威演講的英文演講稿 Good evening everyone!Dear chancellor Merkel, deputy prime minister Makai, ladies and gentlemen,it’smy great honor to speak in the CeBIT.I remember 14 years ago, when I first came to Hannover, I try torent a small booth to sell the chinese products to the west and to the Europe ,That’sbeen a long time to looking for the booth, and at that time Hannover was not thatprosperious,but the fair was very successful.It's difficult to find the booth , finally, we got a small booth,but very few people found us.Eight years ago, we came back again, We try to help off the boothto move them online , help them to sell on the alibaba , it didn't work, itgoes that time , people think ,the trade fair and online are conflict to each other Today I come back again ,The reason that I come back again, is tryingto find the important missing part of the Internet business, Internet in thepast 20 years, was pretty successful, but one thing that is very strange that Ifound that very few Internet companies can survive peacefully and healthily for more than 3 years.That means most of the Internet companies can only have honeydays, honey weeks, they don’t even have honey months,what is the problem? Whereis the missing part? I strongly believe that the missing part is in Europe.Whatis that ? Whether we like it or not, in the past 20 years, the Internethas larged a hugeimpact to the human lives, everybody believe that Internet has done great things to the work,and also lot of the traditional business hate the Internet, because they destroyed their business.But what the rest is why Internet companies always worry、worry?You see whether Google, facebook, amazon, eBay and alibaba, all of us worry everyday.so We think that there must be a problem ,and the problem is that we haveto find a solution, that how we can be a company can live long and healthylike Mercedes-Benze, Siemens.If any industry can't live more than 3 years, if all the companies can not live happily for 3years, this industry will never become the mainstream, this industry can neverbecome the deep economy, So, what we want to do is that how we can find thesolution.The world is changing so fast, most people don't realize what isIT, what is Internet,we’re moving very very fast today to technology.IT technology and digital technology, is not the technologydifference, is the differences of the way people think, the way people due withthe world.We don't know the world will look like in 30 years, and we don'tknow what the data will look like , But we are sure that the whole world in next30 years will be changed.If the first and the second

innovation

and

technology revolutioeleaf all liberatethe human strength, the physical strength, this revolution release a liberate the strength of human brain, the brain in innovation.The future world, we believe we’ll be connected not by oil, notby other things, but by datas.The future world, the business will be C2B notB2C, C2B is consumer to business not business to consumer.Because we willhave a large amount of data, manufacturer must do customerlized things,otherwise manufacturer will be very difficult In the future , all the manufacturers, they make machine, themachines can not only produce products, the machine must talk, the machine mustthink ,the machine will not be driven by oil and by electricity, the machine isgoing to supported by datas.The future world, the business will no longer focus on the size,business will no longer focus on standardization and power, they will focus on theflexibility, nimbleness(agility), personalized and user friendly.And I also strongly believe the future world, we are going tohave a lot of women leaders ,Because in the future people will not only focuson muscle strength, and they focus on wisdom, they focus on careless andresponsibility.And I think Internet must find the missing part,This missingpart is how the clickerand motors can work together ,and how we can make sure in the next 30years the mouse and cementcan work together ,find a way to make the Internet economy and the real economyto combine , the Internet company mill survive happily for next 30 years.If that income ,that is what we called D-economy,is not just thedigital economy, which I called data economy,and everthing is going to bechanged.And I also believe that the world will become very beautiful,but also very challenging.Apple may not be the future,but Apple tells us what the futurewill look li ke ,that is something in the machine is moving, that is data.We are ata great time of innovation, inspiration, invention and creativity,andI think everyone is working hard, try to realize their dreams.Today you see here ,a real world of workers, truckdrivers and game players,and also all these senior people,everybody in the ancient time, nobody can use technology torealize their dreams ,But today, becauseof datas ,everything becomestrue.But I strongly believe , it’s not the technology changed theworld, it’s the dreams behind the technology that changed the world.If the technologychanged the world, I'll never be here, I’m not betrained to be a science andtechnology experts, I know nothing about computer, and I know very little aboutthe Internet, But I have a strong dream that we want to help small business.So,14 years ago so we come here to sell Chinese products toEurope, that didn’t work.14 years later , we try to help the European small businessto China ,to the world by using the Internet,It’s the dreams that drives theworld , it’s not only the technology.So Ladies and gentlemen, let's work hard together, it is a fantasticworld,it is a world belongs to young people, it is a world belongs to the future.And thank you very very much for listening!評論(2)| 10 1 2015-03-29 17:18 | 一級 Good evening everyone!Dear chancellor Merkel, deputy prime minister Makai, ladies and gentlemen,it’smy great honor to speak in the CeBIT.I remember 14 years ago, when I first came to Hannover, I try torent a small booth to sell the chinese products to the west and to the Europe ,That’sbeen a long time to looking for the booth, and at that time Hannover was not thatprosperious,but the fair was very successful.It's difficult to find the booth , finally, we got a small booth,but very few people found us.Eight years ago, we came back again, We try to help off the boothto move them online , help them to sell on the alibaba , it didn't work, itgoes that time , people think ,the trade fair and online are conflict to each other Today I come back again ,The reason that I come back again, is tryingto find the important missing part of the Internet business, Internet in thepast 20 years, was pretty successful, but one thing that is very strange t hat Ifound that very few Internet companies can survive peacefully and healthily for more than 3 years.That means most of the Internet companies can only have honeydays, honey weeks, they don’t even have honey months,what is the problem? Whereis the missing part? I strongly believe that the missing part is in Europe.Whatis that ? Whether we like it or not, in the past 20 years, the Internethas larged a hugeimpact to the human lives, everybody believe that Internet has done great things to the work,and also lot of the traditional business hate the Internet, because they destroyed their business.But what the rest is why Internet companies always worry、worry?You see whether Google, facebook, amazon, eBay and alibaba, all of us worry everyday.so We think that there must be a problem ,and the problem is that we haveto find a solution, that how we can be a company can live long and healthylike Mercedes-Benze, Siemens.If any industry can't live more than 3 years, if all the companies can not live happily for 3years, this industry will never become the mainstream, this industry can neverbecome the deep economy, So, what we want to do is that how we can find thesolution.The world is changing so fast, most people don't realize what isIT, what is Internet,we’re moving very very fast today to technology.IT technology and digital technology, is not the technologydifference, is the differences of the way people think, the way people due withthe world.We don't know the world will look like in 30 years, and we don'tknow what the data will look like , But we are sure that the whole world in next30 years will be changed.If the first and the second innovation and technology revolutioeleaf all liberatethe human strength, the physical strength, this revolution release a liberate the strength of human brain, the brain in innovation.The future world, we believe we’ll be connected not by oil, notby other things, but by datas.The future world, the business will be C2B notB2C, C2B is consumer to business not business to consumer.Because we willhave a large amount of data, manufacturer must do customerlized things,otherwise manufacturer will be very difficult In the future , all the manufacturers, they make machine, themachines can not only produce products, the machine must talk, the machine mustthink ,the machine will not be driven by oil and by electricity, the machin e isgoing to supported by datas.The future world, the business will no longer focus on the size,business will no longer focus on standardization and power, they will focus on theflexibility，nimbleness(agility), personalized and user friendly.And I also strongly believe the future world, we are going tohave a lot of women leaders ,Because in the future people will not only focuson muscle strength, and they focus on wisdom, they focus on careless andresponsibility.And I think Internet must find the missing part,This missingpart is how the clickerand motors can work together ,and how we can make sure in the next 30years the mouse and cementcan work together ,find a way to make the Internet economy and the real economyto combine , the Internet company mill survive happily for next 30 years.If that income ,that is what we called D-economy,is not just thedigital economy, which I called data economy,and everthing is going to bechanged.And I also believe that the world will become very beautiful,but also very challenging.Apple may not be the future,but Apple tells us what the futurewill look like ,that is something in the machine is moving, that is data.We are ata great time of innovation, inspiration, invention and creativity,andI think everyone is working hard, try to realize their dreams.Today you see here ,a real world of workers, truckdrivers and game players,and also all these senior people,everybody in the ancient time, nobody can use technology torealize their dreams ,But today, becauseof datas ,everything becomestrue.But I strongly believe , it’s not the technology changed theworld, it’s the dreams behind the technology that changed the world.If the technologychanged the world, I'll never be here, I’m not betrained to be a science andtechnology experts, I know nothing about computer, and I know very little aboutthe Internet, But I have a strong dream that we want to help small business.So,14 years ago so we come here to sell Chinese products toEurope, that didn’t work.14 years later , we try to help the European small businessto China ,to the world by using the Internet,It’s the dreams that drives theworld , it’s not only the technology.So Ladies and gentlemen, let's work hard together, it is a fantasticworld,it is a world belongs to young people, it is a world belongs to the future.篇三：馬云德國演講 Good evening everyone!Dear Chancellor Merkel, deputy prime minister Makai, ladies and gentlemen,it’smy great honor to speak in the CeBIT.I remember 14 years ago, when I first came to Hannover, I try to rent a small booth to sell the Chinese products to the west and to the Europe ,That’s been a long time to looking for the booth, and at that time Hannover was not that prosperous, but the fair was very successful.It's difficult to find the booth , finally, we got a small booth, but very few people found us.Eight years ago, we came back again, We try to help off the booth to move them online , help them to sell on the alibaba , it didn't work, because at that time , people think ,the trade affair online are conflict to each other Today I come back again ,The reason that I come back again, is trying to find the important missing part of the Internet business, Internet in the past 20 years, was pretty successful, but one thing that is very strange that I found that very few Internet companies can survive peacefully and healthily for more than 3 years.That means most of the Internet companies can only have honey days, honey weeks, they don’t even have honey months, what is the problem? Where is the missing part? I strongly believe that the missing part is in Europe.What is that ? Whether we like it or not, in the past 20 years, the Internet has launched a huge impact to the human lives, everybody believe that Internet has done great things to the work, and also lot of the traditional business hate the Internet, because they destroyed their business.But what the rest is why Internet companies always worry、worry? You see whether Google, facebook, amazon, eBay and alibaba, all of us worry everyday.so We think that there must be a problem ,and the problem is that we have to find a solution, that how we can be a company can live long and healthy like Mercedes-Benze, Siemens.If any industry can't live more than 3 years, if all the companies can not live happily for 3years, this industry will never become the mainstream, this industry can never become the deep economy, So, what we want to do is that how we can find the solution.The world is changing so fast, most people don't realize what is IT, what is Internet, we’re moving very very fast today to technology.IT technology and digital technology, is not the technology difference, is the differences of the way people think, the way people due with the world.We don't know the world will look like in 30 years, and we don't know what the data will look like , But we are sure that the whole world in next30 years will be changed.If the first and the second innovation and technology revolution releaf all liberate the human strength, the physical strength, this revolution release a liberate the strength of human brain, the brain in innovation.The future world, we believe we’ll be connected not by oil, not by other things, but by datas.The future world, the business will be C2B notB2C, C2B is consumer to business not business to consumer.Because we will have a large amount of data, manufacturer must do customerlized things, otherwise manufacturer will be very difficult In the future , all the manufacturers, they make machine, the machines can not only produce products, the machine must talk, the machine must think ,the machine will not be driven by oil and by electricity, the machine is going to supported by datas.The future world, the business will no longer focus on the size, business will no longer focus on standardization and power, they will focus on the flexibility, nimbleness(agility), personalized and user friendly.And I also strongly believe the future world, we are going to have a lot of women leaders ,Because in the future people will not only focus on muscle strength, and they focus on wisdom, they focus on careless and responsibility.And I think Internet must find the missing part, This missing part is how the clicker and motors can work together ,and how we can make sure in the next 30years the mouse and cement can work together ,find a way to make the Internet economy and the real economy to combine , the Internet company mill survive happily for next 30 years.If that income ,that is what we called D-economy, is not just the digital economy, which I called data economy, and every thing is going to be changed.And I also believe that the world will become very beautiful, but also very challenging.Apple may not be the future, but Apple tells us what the future will look like ,that is something in the machine is moving, that is data.We are at a great time of innovation, inspiration, invention and creativity, and I think everyone is working hard, try to realize their dreams.Today you see here ,a real world of workers, truck drivers and game players, and also all these senior people, everybody in the ancient time, nobody can use technology to realize their dreams ,But today, because of datas ,everything becomes true.But I strongly believe , it’s not the technology changed the world, it’s the dreams behind the technology that changed the world.If the technology changed the world, I'll never be here, I’m not be trained to be a science and technology experts, I know nothing about computer, and I know very little about the Internet, But I have a strong dream that we want to help small business.So,14 years ago so we come here to sell Chinese products to Europe, that didn’t work.14 years later , we try to help the European small business to China ,to the world by using the Internet, It’s the dreams that drives the world , it’s not only the technology.So Ladies and gentlemen, let's work hard together, it is a fantastic world, it is a world belongs to young people, it is a world belongs to the future.And thank you very much for listening!

第五篇：奧巴馬德國演講稿

BARACK OBAMA BERLIN SPEECH: 'A WORLD THAT STANDS AS ONE' THURS JULY 24 2008 12:58:02

Thank you to the citizens of Berlin and to the people of Germany.Let me thank Chancellor Merkel and Foreign Minister Steinmeier for welcoming me earlier today.Thank you Mayor Wowereit, the Berlin Senate, the police, and most of all thank you for this welcome.I come to Berlin as so many of my countrymen have come before.Tonight, I speak to you not as a candidate for President, but as a citizen--a proud citizen of the United States, and a fellow citizen of the world.I know that I don't look like the Americans who've previously spoken in this great city.The journey that led me here is improbable.My mother was born in the heartland of America, but my father grew up herding goats in Kenya.His father--my grandfather--was a cook, a domestic servant to the British.At the height of the Cold War, my father decided, like so many others in the forgotten corners of the world, that his yearning--his dream--required the freedom and opportunity promised by the West.And so he wrote letter after letter to universities all across America until somebody, somewhere answered his prayer for a better life.That is why I'm here.And you are here because you too know that yearning.This city, of all cities, knows the dream of freedom.And you know that the only reason we stand here tonight is because men and women from both of our nations came together to work, and struggle, and sacrifice for that better life.Ours is a partnership that truly began sixty years ago this summer, on the day when the first American plane touched down at Templehof.On that day, much of this continent still lay in ruin.ê The rubble of this city had yet to be built into a wall.The Soviet shadow had swept across Eastern Europe, while in the West, America, Britain, and France took stock of their losses, and pondered how the world might be remade.This is where the two sides met.ê And on the twenty-fourth of June, 1948, the Communists chose to blockade the western part of the city.They cut off food and supplies to more than two million Germans in an effort to extinguish the last flame of freedom in Berlin.The size of our forces was no match for the much larger Soviet Army.And yet retreat would have allowed Communism to march across Europe.Where the last war had ended, another World War could have easily begun.All that stood in the way was Berlin.ê And that's when the airlift began--when the largest and most unlikely rescue in history brought food and hope to the people of this city.The odds were stacked against success.In the winter, a heavy fog filled the sky above, and many planes were forced to turn back without dropping off the needed supplies.The streets where we stand were filled with hungry families who had no comfort from the cold.ê But in the darkest hours, the people of Berlin kept the flame of hope burning.The people of Berlin refused to give up.And on one fall day, hundreds of thousands of Berliners came here, to the Tiergarten, and heard the city's mayor implore the world not to give up on freedom.“There is only one possibility,” he said.“For us to stand together united until this battle is wonéThe people of Berlin have spoken.We have done our duty, and we will keep on doing our duty.People of the world: now do your dutyéPeople of the world, look at Berlin!” People of the world--look at Berlin!Look at Berlin, where Germans and Americans learned to work together and trust each other less than three years after facing each other on the field of battle.Look at Berlin, where the determination of a people met the generosity of the Marshall Plan and created a German miracle;where a victory over tyranny gave rise to NATO, the greatest alliance ever formed to defend our common security.ê Look at Berlin, where the bullet holes in the buildings and the somber stones and pillars near the Brandenburg Gate insist that we never forget our common humanity.ê People of the world--look at Berlin, where a wall came down, a continent came together, and history proved that there is no challenge too great for a world that stands as one.êê Sixty years after the airlift, we are called upon again.History has led us to a new crossroad, with new promise and new peril.When you, the German people, tore down that wall--a wall that divided East and West;freedom and tyranny;fear and hope--walls came tumbling down around the world.From Kiev to Cape Town, prison camps were closed, and the doors of democracy were opened.Markets opened too, and the spread of information and technology reduced barriers to opportunity and prosperity.While the 20th century taught us that we share a common destiny, the 21st has revealed a world more intertwined than at any time in human history.The fall of the Berlin Wall brought new hope.But that very closeness has given rise to new dangers--dangers that cannot be contained within the borders of a country or by the distance of an ocean.êê The terrorists of September 11th plotted in Hamburg and trained in Kandahar and Karachi before killing thousands from all over the globe on American soil.ê As we speak, cars in Boston and factories in Beijing are melting the ice caps in the Arctic, shrinking coastlines in the Atlantic, and bringing drought to farms from Kansas to Kenya.Poorly secured nuclear material in the former Soviet Union, or secrets from a scientist in Pakistan could help build a bomb that detonates in Paris.The poppies in Afghanistan become the heroin in Berlin.The poverty and violence in Somalia breeds the terror of tomorrow.The genocide in Darfur shames the conscience of us all.In this new world, such dangerous currents have swept along faster than our efforts to contain them.That is why we cannot afford to be divided.No one nation, no matter how large or powerful, can defeat such challenges alone.None of us can deny these threats, or escape responsibility in meeting them.Yet, in the absence of Soviet tanks and a terrible wall, it has become easy to forget this truth.And if we're honest with each other, we know that sometimes, on both sides of the Atlantic, we have drifted apart, and forgotten our shared destiny.In Europe, the view that America is part of what has gone wrong in our world, rather than a force to help make it right, has become all too common.In America, there are voices that deride and deny the importance of Europe's role in our security and our future.Both views miss the truth--that Europeans today are bearing new burdens and taking more responsibility in critical parts of the world;and that just as American bases built in the last century still help to defend the security of this continent, so does our country still sacrifice greatly for freedom around the globe.Yes, there have been differences between America and Europe.No doubt, there will be differences in the future.But the burdens of global citizenship continue to bind us together.A change of leadership in Washington will not lift this burden.In this new century, Americans and Europeans alike will be required to do more--not less.Partnership and cooperation among nations is not a choice;it is the one way, the only way, to protect our common security and advance our common humanity.ê That is why the greatest danger of all is to allow new walls to divide us from one another.The walls between old allies on either side of the Atlantic cannot stand.The walls between the countries with the most and those with the least cannot stand.The walls between races and tribes;natives and immigrants;Christian and Muslim and Jew cannot stand.These now are the walls we must tear down.ê We know they have fallen before.After centuries of strife, the people of Europe have formed a Union of promise and prosperity.Here, at the base of a column built to mark victory in war, we meet in the center of a Europe at peace.Not only have walls come down in Berlin, but they have come down in Belfast, where Protestant and Catholic found a way to live together;in the Balkans, where our Atlantic alliance ended wars and brought savage war criminals to justice;and in South Africa, where the struggle of a courageous people defeated apartheid.ê So history reminds us that walls can be torn down.But the task is never easy.True partnership and true progress requires constant work and sustained sacrifice.They require sharing the burdens of development and diplomacy;of progress and peace.They require allies who will listen to each other, learn from each other and, most of all, trust each other.ê That is why America cannot turn inward.That is why Europe cannot turn inward.America has no better partner than Europe.Now is the time to build new bridges across the globe as strong as the one that bound us across the Atlantic.Now is the time to join together, through constant cooperation, strong institutions, shared sacrifice, and a global commitment to progress, to meet the challenges of the 21st century.It was this spirit that led airlift planes to appear in the sky above our heads, and people to assemble where we stand today.And this is the moment when our nations--and all nations--must summon that spirit anew.This is the moment when we must defeat terror and dry up the well of extremism that supports it.This threat is real and we cannot shrink from our responsibility to combat it.If we could create NATO to face down the Soviet Union, we can join in a new and global partnership to dismantle the networks that have struck in Madrid and Amman;in London and Bali;in Washington and New York.If we could win a battle of ideas against the communists, we can stand with the vast majority of Muslims who reject the extremism that leads to hate instead of hope.This is the moment when we must renew our resolve to rout the terrorists who threaten our security in Afghanistan, and the traffickers who sell drugs on your streets.No one welcomes war.I recognize the enormous difficulties in Afghanistan.But my country and yours have a stake in seeing that NATO's first mission beyond Europe's borders is a success.For the people of Afghanistan, and for our shared security, the work must be done.America cannot do this alone.The Afghan people need our troops and your troops;our support and your support to defeat the Taliban and al Qaeda, to develop their economy, and to help them rebuild their nation.We have too much at stake to turn back now.This is the moment when we must renew the goal of a world without nuclear weapons.The two superpowers that faced each other across the wall of this city came too close too often to destroying all we have built and all that we love.With that wall gone, we need not stand idly by and watch the further spread of the deadly atom.It is time to secure all loose nuclear materials;to stop the spread of nuclear weapons;and to reduce the arsenals from another era.This is the moment to begin the work of seeking the peace of a world without nuclear weapons.This is the moment when every nation in Europe must have the chance to choose its own tomorrow free from the shadows of yesterday.In this century, we need a strong European Union that deepens the security and prosperity of this continent, while extending a hand abroad.In this century--in this city of all cities--we must reject the Cold War mind-set of the past, and resolve to work with Russia when we can, to stand up for our values when we must, and to seek a partnership that extends across this entire continent.This is the moment when we must build on the wealth that open markets have created, and share its benefits more equitably.Trade has been a cornerstone of our growth and global development.But we will not be able to sustain this growth if it favors the few, and not the many.Together, we must forge trade that truly rewards the work that creates wealth, with meaningful protections for our people and our planet.This is the moment for trade that is free and fair for all.This is the moment we must help answer the call for a new dawn in the Middle East.My country must stand with yours and with Europe in sending a direct message to Iran that it must abandon its nuclear ambitions.We must support the Lebanese who have marched and bled for democracy, and the Israelis and Palestinians who seek a secure and lasting peace.And despite past differences, this is the moment when the world should support the millions of Iraqis who seek to rebuild their lives, even as we pass responsibility to the Iraqi government and finally bring this war to a close.This is the moment when we must come together to save this planet.Let us resolve that we will not leave our children a world where the oceans rise and famine spreads and terrible storms devastate our lands.Let us resolve that all nations--including my own--will act with the same seriousness of purpose as has your nation, and reduce the carbon we send into our atmosphere.This is the moment to give our children back their future.This is the moment to stand as one.And this is the moment when we must give hope to those left behind in a globalized world.We must remember that the Cold War born in this city was not a battle for land or treasure.Sixty years ago, the planes that flew over Berlin did not drop bombs;instead they delivered food, and coal, and candy to grateful children.And in that show of solidarity, those pilots won more than a military victory.They won hearts and minds;love and loyalty and trust--not just from the people in this city, but from all those who heard the story of what they did here.Now the world will watch and remember what we do here--what we do with this moment.Will we extend our hand to the people in the forgotten corners of this world who yearn for lives marked by dignity and opportunity;by security and justice? Will we lift the child in Bangladesh from poverty, shelter the refugee in Chad, and banish the scourge of AIDS in our time? Will we stand for the human rights of the dissident in Burma, the blogger in Iran, or the voter in Zimbabwe? Will we give meaning to the words “never again” in Darfur?ê Will we acknowledge that there is no more powerful example than the one each of our nations projects to the world? Will we reject torture and stand for the rule of law? Will we welcome immigrants from different lands, and shun discrimination against those who don't look like us or worship like we do, and keep the promise of equality and opportunity for all of our people? People of Berlin--people of the world--this is our moment.This is our time.ê

I know my country has not perfected itself.At times, we've struggled to keep the promise of liberty and equality for all of our people.We've made our share of mistakes, and there are times when our actions around the world have not lived up to our best intentions.But I also know how much I love America.I know that for more than two centuries, we have strived--at great cost and great sacrifice--to form a more perfect union;to seek, with other nations, a more hopeful world.Our allegiance has never been to any particular tribe or kingdom--indeed, every language is spoken in our country;every culture has left its imprint on ours;every point of view is expressed in our public squares.What has always united us--what has always driven our people;what drew my father to America's shores--is a set of ideals that speak to aspirations shared by all people: that we can live free from fear and free from want;that we can speak our minds and assemble with whomever we choose and worship as we please.Those are the aspirations that joined the fates of all nations in this city.Those aspirations are bigger than anything that drives us apart.It is because of those aspirations that the airlift began.It is because of those aspirations that all free people--everywhere--became citizens of Berlin.It is in pursuit of those aspirations that a new generation--our generation--must make our mark on history.People of Berlin--and people of the world--the scale of our challenge is great.The road ahead will be long.But I come before you to say that we are heirs to a struggle for freedom.We are a people of improbable hope.Let us build on our common history, and seize our common destiny, and once again engage in that noble struggle to bring justice and peace to our world.奧巴馬柏林演講全文 奧巴馬演講全文 奧巴馬柏林演講

感謝柏林市民和德國人民。感謝默克爾總理和外長施泰因邁爾今天早些時候對我的歡迎。感謝市長沃維萊特、柏林參議院和柏林警察，感謝你們給我熱情的歡迎。

我來柏林之前，已有很多我的同胞來過。今晚，我在這里發言，并不是作為總統候選人，而是作為一名值得驕傲的美國公民和一名世界公民的身份。

我知道我并不像以前在這個偉大的城市曾經演講過的美國人一樣。引導我到達這里的征途是神奇的。我的母親出生在美國的中心，但我父親在肯尼亞長大，從小放牧山羊。他的父親——我的祖父是一名英國人的廚師。

在冷戰高峰的時期，我父親決定，和其他許多被遺忘在世界各個角落的人們一樣，他渴望和夢想著西方承諾給予世人的自由和機會。所以他給全美各地所有大學寫信，直到在某地的一個人給了他答復：祈禱一個更美好的生活。

這就是我在這里的原因。和你們也知道這種向往而在這里一樣。這座城市連同它所有的市民，也都深知自由的夢想。你也知道今晚我們站在在這里唯一原因，那就是因為從我們各自的國家走到一起來的男人和女人，都為了更美好的生活工作、奮斗和犧牲。

真正開始我們的伙伴關系是在六十年前的一個夏天，當時美國第一架飛機降落在這里。那一天，這里的大部分地區仍是廢墟。城市中的瓦礫還沒有被建成柏林墻。而蘇聯已席卷東歐，在西方，美國、英國、法國評估了他們的損失，并思考如何在世界上開展重建工作。

就是在這里雙方開始了會晤。1948年6月，蘇聯選擇封鎖柏林西部。超過兩百萬德國人的食物和日用品供應被切斷。

過去的戰爭已經結束，而另一場世界大戰，很容易的被點燃了。能阻擋這個的就是柏林。

那是當空運開始——歷史上最大和最不可能拯救給這個城市的人民帶來了的食物和希望。然而可怕的幾率阻礙了我們的成功。在冬季，大霧彌漫在城市上空，許多飛機被迫返航并無法投擲食品和日用品。在我們站立的街道上，充滿了饑餓的家庭，他們不曾在冷戰中舒適過。

但即使在這最黑暗的時刻，柏林全體市民希望的火焰依舊熊熊燃燒。柏林人民拒絕放棄。在一個秋天里，數以十萬計的柏林人來到這里，聆聽他們的市長蒂爾加騰，向世界懇請不要放棄自由的演講。他說，“世界上只有一種可能性”，“我們團結一致站在一起直到勝利，柏林人民已經向世界宣誓過，我們盡了我們應盡的職責，而且我們將繼續我們的職責責任。世界人民的：履行職責…世界人民，注視著柏林吧！”

世界人民 請注視柏林！

注視柏林，在這里，兩個國家經歷了三年的戰爭，德國人與美國人才認識到應該攜手合作、相互信任。

注視柏林，在這里，滿懷決心的人們看到了慷慨的馬歇爾計劃，并創造了德國的奇跡。注視柏林，在這里，建筑物上密布的彈孔和勃蘭登堡門附近的支柱提醒我們，永遠不要忘記我們共有的人性。

世界人民，注視柏林，這這里，柏林墻到了，大陸走到一起，歷史證明，沒有比這更大的挑戰了。

在空運之后六十年，我們再次呼吁。歷史已經將我們引領到一個新的十字路口、新的承諾和新的危險。當您，德國人，拆除這堵墻；恐懼和希望——全世界的“柏林墻”都倒塌了。民主門窗被打開，市場也開放了，信息和技術的傳播減少了貿易壁壘創造著機會和繁榮。20世紀告訴我們，我們有著共同的命運，21 世紀昭示我們，世界將變得比人類歷史上過去的任何時代更加密不可分。這就是為什么美國不能改變方向的原因。這就是為什么歐洲不能改變方向的原因。除了歐洲，美國恐怕沒有更好的合作伙伴。現在是我們橫渡大西洋、建立新的橋梁，讓我們成為強大的整體的偉大時刻。現在是我們聯合起來、不斷合作、共同犧牲，促進全球的進展，迎接二十一世紀挑戰的偉大時刻。這是承載這一精神，才有了今天飛機橫穿上空，我們的領袖和人民站在這里。這是我們的國家和所有國家必須重新召喚這種精神的時刻。

這是我們必須戰勝恐怖和消滅極端主義的時候了。這一威脅是真實的，我們應該毫不猶疑，我們的責任就是要消滅它。我們可以建立一個新的全球伙伴關系，以拆除已建立在馬德里和安曼、在倫敦和巴厘、華盛頓和紐約的恐怖網絡。我們可以拒絕導致仇恨的極端主義。

這是我們必須重申我們的決心的時候了，我們要擊潰威脅我們在阿富汗安全的恐怖分子。沒有人歡迎戰爭。我承認在阿富汗我們面臨著巨大的困難。但我的國家和你們有著惺惺相惜的關系。為了阿富汗人民和我們共同的安全，這項工作我們義不容辭。但美國孤軍奮戰是不能成功的。阿富汗人民需要我們的部隊和你們的部隊、我們的支持和你們的支持，來打敗塔利班和基地組織，發展他們的經濟，并幫助他們重建家園。現在我們有太多的困難要去克服。

這是我們必須重申的目標——一個沒有核武器的世界——的時候了。兩個超級大國，面對這面墻，卻是要摧毀我們已建設的和我們所愛的。這堵墻消失后，我們不能袖手旁觀和默默觀賞致命核子的進一步傳播。這是我們確保核材料的流失是安全的和防止核武器擴散并減少庫存的時候了。這是我們開始工作并尋求一個沒有核武器的和平世界的時刻了。

這是歐洲每一個國家有機會選擇從昨天的陰影中釋放出來的時候了。在這個世紀，我們需要一個強大的歐洲聯盟，深化安全和富強歐洲。在這個世紀，在這個城市的所有市民，我們必須摒棄冷戰思維，并決心與俄羅斯合作，我們可以為我們的價值觀而戰斗，我們必須尋求合作伙伴關系將我們的利益擴展到整個大陸。

這是我們必須建立財富、開放市場、創造和分享更公平的利益的時候了。貿易一直是我們增長和全球發展的一塊基石。但如果它有利于少數而不是多數，我們將不維持這樣的增長。所以，我們必須開拓貿易、創造財富、保護我們的人民和我們的星球。這是享受自由和公正貿易的時刻。

這是我們必須幫助中東呼喚新的曙光的時候了。我國必須與歐洲站在一起，給伊朗發出一個明確和直接信號：它必須放棄自己的核野心。支持以色列人和巴勒斯坦人尋求一個持久和安全的和平。盡管過去我們存在分歧，但此時，世界各國應支持伊拉克人民重建他們的家園，而且我們有責任通過和伊拉克政府合作，最終結束這場戰爭。

這是我們必須走到一起拯救我們的星球的時候了。讓我們下定決心，我們不會離開我們的孩子，上升的海平面、蔓延的饑荒和可怕的風暴蹂躪我們的土地。包括所有國家，包括我自己，用我們的行動戰勝苦難，正如貴國所作的，減少排放到空氣中的碳。這是給予我們的孩子他們自己的未來的時候了。

這是在一個全球化的世界里我們必須給予我們的后代以希望的時候了。我們必須緊記，冷戰時期誕生的這個城市并不是一個爭奪土地或財富的戰場。60 年前，飛機飛越柏林沒有投擲食物，但是他們運送食物、煤和糖果。在這團結方面的表現，我們這些飛行員贏得了比戰場上更大的勝利和榮耀。他們贏得了人心、愛、忠誠和信任——不只是來自這個城市人民，也來自所有聽到這個故事的所有人們。

現在世界將審視并銘記我們在這里所做的——這一刻我們做的。我們將向被遺忘在角落里的人民伸出我們的手，這個世界上誰不向往為標志著尊嚴和機會的生活、向往著安全和正義呢？我們會把孟加拉國的兒童、乍得的難民從貧困中解救出來嗎？

我們將拒絕酷刑和為法治而戰嗎？我們將歡迎從不同的土地而來的移民、不歧視他們和信守對我們所有人的平等和機會的承諾嗎？

柏林人民；世界人民；這是我們的時刻。

這是我們的時代。

我知道我的國家并不是很完善。有時，我們為我們所有的人民而信守承諾的自由和平等而奮斗。我們也犯了很多錯誤，有時我們在世界各地的行動沒有實現我們最好的意圖。但我也知道我是多么熱愛美國。我知道，兩個多世紀以來，我們已付出巨大的代價和巨大的犧牲，形成一個更加完善的聯盟；尋求與其他國家，建設一個更有希望的世界。我們的忠誠從來沒有根植在任何特定的部落或國家，事實上，在我們的國家，每一種語言都可以被講，每一種文化都已脫離我們的印記；每一種觀點都可以在我們的廣場被宣揚。這正是團結我們、驅使我們、促使我的父親到達美國的信念，一套理想的信念——所有的人共享：我們可以生活在免于恐懼、免于自由匱乏的國度；我們可以選擇和崇拜，因為我們愿意。

這些都是在這個城市所有國民愿望加入其中的愿望。這些愿望是比任何驅動都要強大的。這是所有自由的人訴求成為柏林公民的愿望。這是我們新的一代-我們這一代人的追求：一定要成功。

柏林人民和世界人民，我們的挑戰是巨大的。前進的道路將是漫長的。但我來這里是要說我們要繼承為自由而斗爭。放眼未來，答案在我們的心中，讓我們銘記這段歷史，回應我們的命運，重塑世界。