第一篇：新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)5 unit2 vocabulary quiz(keys)
Vocabulary QuizB5-U2Manners
學(xué)號(hào) ______________________姓名 _________________得分 _________________
1.The hall ________ with whispered comments.A)filledB)mashedC)buzzedD)laden
2.The two _________ on him with clenched fists.A)strodeB)advancedC)squeezedD)zoomed
3.It was the _________ with Jim that delayed us.A)encounterB)disintegrationC)blessingD)insecurity
4.We must not fail to ____________ his service to the town.A)indicateB)instructC)acknowledgeD)emulate
5.Without being ___________, he began to apologize.A)ironicB)promptedC)promotedD)prone
6.I didn’t even see him, ___________ speak to him.A)more or lessB)no less thanC)much lessD)much more
7.The girl ___________ at her teacher when she received the award.A)derivedB)focusedC)screamedD)beamed
8.We were taught to _________ table manners when we were young.A)observeB)takeC)holdD)adopt
9.She is making great __________ in her piano-playing.A)strikeB)strideC)stridesD)strikes
10.The government’s plans have __________ strong opposition from civil rights groups.A)run aroundB)run intoC)run overD)run through
11.Remember to keep a first-aid kit close _________ all the time.A)in handB)at handC)by handD)on hand
12.One of the goals of this movement was to ________ the idea that women are equal to men in their ability to learn and to succeed in almost any occupation.A)createB)steerC)promoteD)present
13.Men are no longer __________ to treat women according to the old-fashioned rules.A)priorB)obligedC)involvedD)offended
14.People in the US, when they _______ legal marriage age and meet certain medical requirements, are free to choose their own mates.A)arriveB)acquireC)attainD)attend
15.Near the end of the reception, the bride throws her ________ of flowers to the unwed bridesmaids.A)bouquetB)banquetC)boutiqueD)bundle
16.When foreign learners first have the opportunity to speak to an English speaking person they may have a __.A)shotB)shortC)shockD)chock
17.Looking at the cultural problems, we can see that some of them are of a very practical ______, for example, arranging satisfactory accommodation.A)matureB)natureC)matterD)manner
18.The safety of her crew ________ all her other considerations.A)outgrewB)outshoneC)outweighedD)outwitted
19.There are signs that support for the organization is _________.A)on the waneB)at the mercyC)out of stepD)no doubt
20.________ the check on the first few dates can help start the relationship as one between two equals.A)SpittingB)SplittingC)SeparatingD)Sparing
Vocabulary QuizB5-U2Manners
21.The modern American woman considers herself an independent, __________ person and doesn’t want to be dominated by her husband.A)self-sufficientB)self-madeC)self-centeredD)self-conceited
22.Some women who insist on paying 50 percent of everything on every date may be revealing their own ____.A)fitnessB)masculinityC)inequalityD)insecurity
23.If a man asks a woman out and picks up the entire tab, it _______ the couple into traditional roles.A)castsB)easesC)allowsD)reassures
24.I’m afraid I’ll have to cancel our date, something’s ________.A)gathered upB)come upC)helped outD)dished up
25.Everyone was standing around in silence, so I took the _______ and tried to explain why we had come.A)initialsB)initiatesC)initiativesD)initiative
26.I had a nerve-racking twenty minutes of ________ hope and despair.A)alternateB)alternativeC)alternatingD)altering
27.It should be emphasized that Newman is talking in particular of corporation housing estates, so that it isnot only the design of the building which makes the crime prone, but the type of people who tend to ________the building.A)inhabitB)inhibitC)inhabit inD)inhibit into
28.To them mathematics is an art they pursue _______ and they don’t much care whether it will ever have any practical use.A)for sake of artB)for art’s sakeC)for art sakeD)for the art of sake
29.________ a recent drop, there are still four times as many lawsuits filed in federal courts as in 1960.A)RegardlessB)RegardingC)DespiteD)In spite
30.A ranch is a very large farm for raising sheep, horses or _______.A)a cattleB)cattleC)cattlesD)some cattle
31.She insisted that Tom ________ it.A)doB)didC)doesD)would do
32.________ a man ever so successful, he should not be proud.A)IfB)WhenC)BeD)Were
33.Tom often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A)having been punished B)being punishedC)to be punishedD)to have been punished
34.When he returned home, he found the window open and something _________.A)to stealB)stealingC)stolenD)missed
35.No sooner had they reached the top of the hill _________ they all sat down to rest.A)thenB)thanC)whenD)until
36.She likes watching TV _______ to the cinema.A)rather than to goB)than goingC)more than to goD)more than going
37.They didn’t know his telephone number;otherwise we _______ him.A)must have telephoned B)would telephoneC)had telephonedD)would have telephoned
38.I wish I ________ longer yesterday morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A)was sleepingB)could have sleptC)might have sleptD)slept
39.His wife _________ with the child to her relatives on the outskirts, but she spent too much time packing her belongings and it was too late for her to move.A)should have movedB)movedC)did not moveD)had moved
40.Never before _________ such abstract mathematics to so great a variety of problems.A)did so many people applyB)have so many people applied
C)so many people appliedD)so many people have applied
第二篇：新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)期末考試試卷
新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)A2期末考試試卷
Part I Listening Comprehension(20%)Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Section A.A.An advertisement B.A newspaper C.Their work D.A dream A.On foot B.By car C.By bus D.By bike A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Six A.The restaurant provides good food B.She enjoys her part-time job C.The restaurant offers cheap food D.There are several cooks in the restaurant.A.The movie was disappointing B.The movie was expensive to see.C.He wants to see the movie again.D.He should have seen the movie at home.A.$ 64 B.$ 86 C.$96 D.$140 A.To stay at home B.To go to bed immediately C.To see a movie D.To go to a party.A.Tom is unable to hear well.B.Tom didn’t say anything at the meeting.C.Tom doesn’t listen to him.D.Tom went out before the meeting was over.A.She bought something for her aunt.B.She was there only briefly.C.She missed it.D.She went to it on her way to the hospital.A.One hour and a half.B.Half an hour.C.45 minutes.D.40 minutes.Section B.Compound Dictation.Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage.Then listen to the passage again.When the first part of the passage is being read, you should fill in the missing word during the pause at each blank.After listening to the second part of the passage you are required to write down the main points according to what you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read the third time you can check what you have written.In many ___11___ of the world people clap hands to show that they like or __12___ of something.In the theater, at a concert, or at a football game, people ____13____ hands after they see something they like.In Russia the actors, ___14___, and athletes clap ____15_________ the audience.In most countries, however, the performers are happy to receive the applause.They don’t clap back to their fan.A very long time ago clapping meant the ___16____of what it means now.When people did not like an actor or a performer they clapped.They were trying to make as much noise as possible.They continued to clap until the actor left the ___17_____.At some time in history the ___18___of clapping changed.It became a compliment instead of an insult.Now when an audience wants to show great admiration for a performer, they not only clap but they ____19____.That is called a standing ovation.A standing ovation is the dream of every performer._________________20___________________________!Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)(40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Joseph Weizenbaum，professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker(黑客)and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer.The hackers are so involved with designing their programs, making it more and more complex and bending it to their hill, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users.They rarely keep recorders of their programs for the benefit of others, and they take rarely time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be.Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps those hackers know something that we don’t about the shape of things to come.“ That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multi-millionaire of the computer industry,” says MIT Professor Michael Dertouzos.“ And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.”
When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all.If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments.Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “ intelligent”, so “capable”, so “human”, affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are.She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in children’s efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.21.The Passage tells about_____.what has caused the emergence of computer hackers the strange behavior of the computer hackers the importance of bringing up computer hackers different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenon 22.Professor Weizenbaum believes the hackers’ strange behavior is caused by_____.their deliberate attempts to make their problems complex and impracticable their incompetence in making new computer programmes their ignorance of the responsibility they should assume their strong desire to control the computer 23.In Professor Bertouzos’ opinion, which of the following is true?___ The hackers are likely to be very successful business man.Only a few hackers will be successful in their later life.The hackers probably have better insight into the future than other people.The computer industry will certainly make the hackers millionaires.24.The phrase“to develop an identity”(Line7, Para.4)probably means_________.to cultivate creativity to seek an answer to become distinguished to form a habit 25.The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that______.perhaps the hacker phenomenon is a welcome development the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry.The computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidance The hackers may prove indispensable to the computer industry.Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Within about 50 million years, one of the mammals that lives in a marine environment, the whale, has developed into the largest of all animals forms.However, at least for the last 150 years, trouble has closed in on whales from humans.Whales have been hunted since about the eleventh century.Certain types of whales have been hunted too much.Recently, their number has been reduced so greatly that they are in danger of becoming extinct.People are worried about the fact that the number of whales is getting smaller and smaller.They are working to save them.There are reasons why people want to protect the whales.One reason is that whales help to keep a balance between plants and animals.People have been throwing their wastes into the oceans and seas, and these wastes increase the amount of salt in ocean and seawater.The increased salt helps some plants and some very small creatures to grow but these plants and small creatures are harmful to fish.However, whales are eating large numbers of plants and animals that grow in very salty water.In this way, whales are doing a good job as they keep the ocean water clean enough for the fish.In addition, because fish supply necessary food for many people, whales become our good friends which we want to save.Some people are now working to save whales by using the law.They hold meeting to ask fishermen to reduce the number of whales which can be killed in a year.They also work within countries to persuade law makers to make whaling against the law and to make the use of whale products against the law too.Now this struggle to save whales is going on in many places in the world.Some governments will not let people sell whale products in their countries.Other governments have changed the law about whaling.Many people believe that since the number of whales is regarded as a serious world problem, the remaining whales will be saved.26.The passage mainly discussed ________.the protection of whales the strange behaviors of whales the mysterious life of whales the advantages of too many whales 27.From the passage we know that during the last 150 years humans have______.returned to nature learned how to swim threatened the existence of some marine mammals begun to harvest certain plants from the ocean as food 28.According to the passage, certain kinds of whales will soon _______.kill most of the plants and small creatures find some other places to live in die out die from pollution 29.Salt in the oceans usually ______.decreases the plants which are harmful to fish gets rid of harmful plants and creatures removes the wastes thrown into them increases the plants and small creatures that do harm to fish 30.Whales are helpful to humans because______.they eat a large quantity of plants and creatures harmful to fish they make the oceans more and more salty they often save sailors lost in a storm they can communicate with humans Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others.These may show strengths that you can use in your work.A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career.A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work.So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school.On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard.Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.A knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details.This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work.You may be good at mental work or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills.If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it.If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers.You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example.Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself.You may be all thumbs when you handle tools, perhaps you are a poor speller of cannot add up a column of figures.It is better to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist.Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background.You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.31.Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph? The importance of doing well at school.Using school performance to help to choose a career.The importance of being good at all subjects.The indirect value of school work.32.The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably______.a waste of time that could have been spent on study useful for his future work a good way to earn extra money a good way to find out his weak points 33.According to the passage, if a student’s school record is not good, he______.will be a complete failure in his future work will not be able to find a suitable job will regret not having worked harder at school may do well in his future work 34.Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting? Mathematics English
Technical Drawing History 35.The whole passage centers on _____.choosing a career according to what one is skilled in acquiring knowledge by working hard at school finding one’s strong and weak points developing one’s abilities useful in school work Part III Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C.and D..Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.36.The general strike is a means of _______________ the total authority of the government.A.incorporating
B.reinforcing
C.challenging
D.transforming 37.They work hard to ________ a barren landscape into an area of beautiful pastureland.A.transform
B.transition
C.transit
D.transport 38.George took _________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden.A.chance
B.interest
C.advantage
D.charge 39.I’d rather you ________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A.don’t
B.wouldn’t
C.didn’t
D.shouldn’t 40.The new shopping center will not be ________ until next year.A.useful
B.available
C.avail
D.using
41.Shall we _______ girl ________ roses?
compare … for
B.compare … like
C.compare … with
D.compare … to 42.Please _____________ me if you feel sick.A.turn down
B.turn to
C.turn up
D.turn toward 43.____________ the teacher last night, I would have asked him about.A.Had I seen
B.I had seen
C.If I saw
D.If I have seen 44.Stop making so much noise, for you are _______ me from my work.A.attracting
B.distracting
C.contracting
D.contacting 45.The forest was ________ to few trees by the great fire.A.reduced
B.lessened
C.decreased
D.restricted 46.Let’s think of a situation _________ this idiom can be used.A.where
B.which
C.that
D.what 47.People will not believe those who always ________.A.argue
B.exaggerate
C.quarrel
D.tell truth 48.When _________ the evidence of his guilt, he confessed at once.A.faced up with
B.met with
C.opposed by
D.confronted with 49.His plan was rejected, ______ of its merits.A.regardless
B.countless
C.because
D.involving 50.Any country in the world should always be _______ with other countries.A.on peace
B.at peace
C.at ease
D.in case 51.________ it’s raining heavily, we’ll have to put off the picnic.A.Now that
B.Unless
C.If
D.If only 52.He looks _______ young, in fact he is in his fifties.A.apparently
B.evidently
C.plainly
D.clearly 53.The failure in the experiment _______ the carelessness of the young assistant.A.results in
B.results from
C.leads to
D.as a result 54.His younger brother is _______________________ he.A.ten centimeters tall than
B.ten centimeters taller than C.ten centimeters as taller than
D.ten centimeters taller as 55.He __________ works in that University.A.no longer
B.no more
C.longer than
D.no more than 56.Speech difficulties may sometimes be ________ if a person is shown where to place the tongue and teeth to make sounds.A.overpaid
B.overstated
C.overturned
D.overcome 57.His position is _______ to hers.A.inferior
B.high
C.low
D.good 58.He seems to __________ criminals.associated into
B.associated in C.associated with
D.associated to 59.I’m sure Harry will remember, but why not give him a ring _______ he forgets? A.in the case
B.in case of C.in case
D.in the case of 60.Only under special circumstances __________ to take make-up tests.A.freshmen are permitted
B.are freshmen permitted C.permitted are freshmen
D.are permitted freshmen 61.He is a very ________ secretary.So the boss wants to promote him.A.unless
B.effective
C.adequate
D.efficient 62.Generally, most of the people in world are not willing to __________ force to solve the dispute.A.ask for
B.like
C.resort to
D.get 63.The new arrival was ______ the famous scientist.A.none but
B.nothing but C.none other than
D.nothing other than 64.Human beings have _______ themselves to very diverse environments with the help of fire, agriculture and machines.A.adapted
B.adopted
C.adepted
D.addicted 65.It’s necessary ___________ the dictionary immediately.A.that he returned
B.that he return C.that he will return
D.that he has to return Part V Cloze(10%)Directions: For each of the following blanks four choices are given, choose the most appropriate one.The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived.We do know, however, that(66)thousands of years, food was always eaten cold and(67).Perhaps the cooked food was heated accidentally by a(68)fire or by the melted lava from an erupting(69).When people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better.However,(70)after this discovery, cooked food must have remained a rarity(71)man learned how to make and light(72).Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun(73)their food.For example, in the desert(74)of the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their food by(75)it on a flat(76)in the hot sum.They cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this 77).We surmise that the earliest kitchen(78)was a stick(79)which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire.Later this stick was(80)by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat(81)all sides.Cooking food in water was(82)before man learned to make water containers that could not be(83)by fire.The(84)cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups and stews could be cooked.As early as 166 B.C., the Egyptians had learned to make(85)permanent cooking pots out of sandstone.Many years later, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.66.A)in
B)on
C)through
D)of 67.A)raw
B)crude
C)man-made
D)fresh 68.A)forest
B)cooked
C)kitchen
D)lightning 69.A)volcano
B)cave
C)mountain
D)valley 70.A)through
B)since
C)soon
D)even 71.A)when
B)which
C)until
D)as 72.A)food
B)a fire
C)himself
D)it 73.A)to cook
B)cooking
C)cooked
D)cook 74.A)places
B)realms
C)areas
D)domains 75.A)beating
B)frying
C)drying
D)placing 76.A)stone
B)board
C)table
D)plate 77.A)zone
B)sector
C)method
D)fashion 78.A)utensil
B)instrument
C)tool
D)equipment 79.A)by
B)over
C)on
D)to 80.A)supported
B)replaced
C)changed
D)switched 81.A)by
B)on
C)over
D)at 82.A)incapable
B)unavoidable
C)impossible
D)unpopular 83.A)broken
B)destroyed
C)spoiled
D)pierced 84.A)newest
B)latest
C)first
D)worst 85.A)stronger
B)better
C)more
D)longer Part V Writing(15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “A Job-Applying Letter ” You should write at least 100 words and your composition should be based on the following : 1)Reason for writing(including how you found out about the job)2)Relevant information about yourself 3)How to contact you 4)Closing Keys: 聽(tīng)力答案：
１－５ ＡＣＣＡＡ
６－１０ ＣＡＣＣＤ
11.parts 12.approve
13.clap
14.performers 15.together with 16.opposite
17.stage 18.meaning 19.not only clap but they stand up and clap 20.Many actors say that is what they work so hard for----Applause!Applause!21-25 D D C B A
26-30 ACCDA
31-35 BBDDA 36~ 40 CACCB
41~45 DBABA 46~ 50 ABD A B
51~55 A ABB A 56~60 D A CCB
61~ 65 DCCA B 66----70.DAAAD
71---75.CBACD
76---80.ACADB
81-85.BCBCC
第三篇：新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4翻譯
新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4課文翻譯及課后答案
Unit 1
享受幽默—什么東西令人開(kāi)懷？ 聽(tīng)了一個(gè)有趣的故事會(huì)發(fā)笑、很開(kāi)心，古今中外都一樣。這一現(xiàn)象或許同語(yǔ)言本身一樣悠久。那么，到底是什么東西會(huì)使一個(gè)故事或笑話讓人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 我是第一次辨識(shí)出幽默便喜歡上它的人，因此我曾試圖跟學(xué)生議論和探討幽默。這些學(xué)生文化差異很大，有來(lái)自拉丁美洲的，也有來(lái)自中國(guó)的。我還認(rèn)真地思考過(guò)一些滑稽有趣的故事。這么做完全是出于自己的喜好。為什么聽(tīng)我講完一個(gè)笑話后，班上有些學(xué)生會(huì)笑得前仰后合，而其他學(xué)生看上去就像剛聽(tīng)我讀了天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣呢？顯然，有些人對(duì)幽默比別人更敏感。而且，我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)有的人很善于講笑話，而有的人要想說(shuō)一點(diǎn)有趣的事卻要費(fèi)好大的勁。我們都聽(tīng)人說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的話：“我喜歡笑話，但我講不好，也總是記不住。”有些人比別人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音樂(lè)、數(shù)學(xué)之類(lèi)的才能一樣。一個(gè)真正風(fēng)趣的人在任何場(chǎng)合都有笑話可講，而且講了一個(gè)笑話，就會(huì)從他記憶里引出一連串的笑話。一個(gè)缺乏幽默感的人不可能成為一群人中最受歡迎的人。一個(gè)真正有幽默感的人不僅受人喜愛(ài)，而且在任何聚會(huì)上也往往是人們注意的焦點(diǎn)。這么說(shuō)是有道理的。甚至有些動(dòng)物也具有幽默感。我岳母從前經(jīng)常來(lái)我們家，并能住上很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。通常她不喜歡狗，但卻很喜歡布利茨恩—我們養(yǎng)過(guò)的一條拉布拉多母獵犬。而且，她們的這種喜歡是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的時(shí)候就常常戲弄外祖母，當(dāng)外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜歡的那張舒適的椅子上時(shí)，布利茨恩就故意把她臥室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母剛好夠不到的地方蹦來(lái)跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起來(lái)去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母從椅子上一起來(lái)，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，從它那閃亮的棕色眼睛里掠過(guò)一絲拉布拉多式的微笑，無(wú)疑是在說(shuō)：“啊哈，你又上了我的當(dāng)。” 典型的笑話或幽默故事由明顯的三部分構(gòu)成。第一部分是鋪墊（即背景），接下來(lái)是主干部分（即故事情節(jié)），隨后便是妙語(yǔ)（即一個(gè)出人意料或令人驚訝的結(jié)尾）。如果這個(gè)妙語(yǔ)含有一定的幽默成分，這個(gè)笑話便會(huì)很有趣。通常笑話都包含這三部分，而且每部分都必須交代清楚。如果講故事或說(shuō)笑話的人使用聽(tīng)眾都熟悉的手勢(shì)和語(yǔ)言，則有助于增強(qiáng)效果。我們可以對(duì)幽默這種娛樂(lè)形式，進(jìn)行分析，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)究竟是什么使一個(gè)有趣的故事或笑話令人發(fā)笑。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，最常見(jiàn)的幽默有以下幾種，包括了從最顯而易見(jiàn)的幽默到比較微妙含蓄的幽默。“滑稽劇”是最明顯的幽默。它語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單、直截了當(dāng)，常常以取笑他人為樂(lè)。說(shuō)笑打鬧這種形式過(guò)去是、現(xiàn)在仍然是滑稽說(shuō)笑演員和小丑的慣用技巧。它為不同年齡、不同文化背景的人們所喜愛(ài)。幾乎本世紀(jì)的每個(gè)講英語(yǔ)的滑稽說(shuō)笑演員都曾以這樣或那樣的方式說(shuō)過(guò)下面這則笑話。一位男士問(wèn)另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的貴婦是誰(shuí)？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么貴婦，那是我老婆。”這個(gè)笑話的幽默之處在于第二位男士說(shuō)他的妻子不是一位貴婦，也就是說(shuō)她不是一個(gè)高雅的女人。這個(gè)笑話并沒(méi)有因?yàn)榻?jīng)常講而變得不再那么好笑。由于這是一個(gè)經(jīng)典笑話，觀眾都知道要說(shuō)什么，而且因?yàn)榇蠹覍?duì)這個(gè)笑話很熟悉而更加珍愛(ài)它。中國(guó)的相聲是一種特殊的滑稽劇。相聲中兩名中國(guó)喜劇演員幽默地談?wù)撝T如官僚主義者、家庭問(wèn)題或其他一些有關(guān)個(gè)人的話題。相聲隨處都能聽(tīng)到，無(wú)論是在鄉(xiāng)村的小舞臺(tái)上，還是在北京最大的劇院里，抑或在廣播、電視上。它顯然是中國(guó)人家喻戶(hù)曉的一種傳統(tǒng)的幽默形式。“俏皮話”不像滑稽劇那樣淺顯，它是因語(yǔ)言的誤用或誤解而引人發(fā)笑。我特別喜歡的一個(gè)例子是三位年長(zhǎng)的紳士在英國(guó)乘火車(chē)旅行的故事。當(dāng)火車(chē)慢慢停下來(lái)時(shí)，第一位紳士問(wèn)道：“這是Wembley(溫布利)嗎？”“不，”第二位紳士說(shuō)：“是Thursday(星期四)。”“我也是，”第三位說(shuō)道，“讓我們下車(chē)喝杯啤酒吧。”我們知道上了年紀(jì)的人往往耳背，因此會(huì)把Wembley（溫布利）聽(tīng)成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）聽(tīng)成了thirsty（渴了），這樣一來(lái)就為第三位老人的妙語(yǔ)做好了鋪墊。著名的中國(guó)漫畫(huà)家和幽默家丁聰便是一位俏皮話大師。在他的一幅幽默漫畫(huà)中，一位老師說(shuō)：“你為什么一字不改地抄別人的作業(yè)？”那位年輕的學(xué)生回答道：“我沒(méi)有一字不改地抄。我把作業(yè)上的名字改成自己的了。”在丁聰?shù)牧硪环?jīng)典漫畫(huà)里，一位生氣的父親問(wèn)道：“告訴我，1加2等于幾？”兒子說(shuō)：“我不知道。”這位不耐煩的父親接著說(shuō)道：“比方說(shuō)，你、你媽媽和我，我們加起來(lái)一共是幾個(gè)，傻瓜？”兒子得意地回答道：“是三個(gè)傻瓜。” 這些故事無(wú)論是漫畫(huà)還是笑話，是由演滑稽劇的喜劇演員說(shuō)還是由搭檔的相聲演員講，都為各地人們所喜愛(ài)。人們喜愛(ài)這些有趣的故事，因?yàn)樗鼈冑N近現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙語(yǔ)十分有趣。雙關(guān)語(yǔ)是一種更微妙的俏皮話。它使用的技巧是利用發(fā)音相似的詞或同一個(gè)詞的不同意思。有些批評(píng)家認(rèn)為雙
關(guān)語(yǔ)是最低級(jí)的幽默，但我不同意這種觀點(diǎn)。雙關(guān)語(yǔ)與其他形式的幽默相比需要更細(xì)微、更巧妙的語(yǔ)言技巧；然而，簡(jiǎn)單的雙關(guān)語(yǔ)甚至很小的孩子也能利用。例如，謎語(yǔ)或腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎問(wèn)題常使用雙關(guān)語(yǔ)做鋪墊、制造故事情節(jié)，而且更多地是用在妙語(yǔ)部分。雙關(guān)語(yǔ)是我最早懂得的幽默。記得大約在五歲時(shí)我聽(tīng)到了下面這個(gè)謎語(yǔ)。一個(gè)人問(wèn)：“什么東西整個(gè)兒是黑的、白的和紅的？”另外一個(gè)人通常猜不出來(lái)，于是問(wèn)道：“我不猜了。是什么呀？”出謎語(yǔ)的人回答：“是報(bào)紙。”如果你知道在英語(yǔ)中“red（紅色）”和“read（讀）”的讀音一樣但意思完全不同，答案就很明顯了。12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES（法語(yǔ)中的“一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)”）是雙關(guān)語(yǔ)的特殊形式, 其中的詞或短語(yǔ)有雙重意思。兩個(gè)意思往往很不相同，一個(gè)比較恰當(dāng)，另一個(gè)往往比較粗俗—但并不總是這樣。我喜歡那個(gè)關(guān)于一位中學(xué)教師和校長(zhǎng)因看見(jiàn)學(xué)生在學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上接吻而感到擔(dān)心的故事。故事并不過(guò)火。那位教師對(duì)學(xué)生們說(shuō)；“我和校長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)決定停止在學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上接吻。”聽(tīng)到笑聲，她意識(shí)到她沒(méi)有把意思表達(dá)清楚，于是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“我的意思是不能再在我們的鼻子下面發(fā)生接吻這樣的事了。”當(dāng)然，這個(gè)解釋并沒(méi)有糾正她的第一句話，反而使這個(gè)笑話的雙重含義變得更加好笑。一些專(zhuān)業(yè)的幽默家認(rèn)為如今的幽默大多缺乏智慧，不夠巧妙。他們不喜歡在幽默中過(guò)多使用有色情意味或粗俗的語(yǔ)言，而且覺(jué)得大多數(shù)幽默家缺乏創(chuàng)造性。的確，現(xiàn)在有些幽默令人震驚，但我認(rèn)為這不是幽默的過(guò)錯(cuò)。幽默本身是活潑健康的，它還會(huì)繼續(xù)生存下去，只因?yàn)槊刻於加杏腥さ氖虑榘l(fā)生。一些有幽默感的人會(huì)看到聽(tīng)到這些有趣的事情，并把它們編成妙趣橫生、令人開(kāi)心的笑話和故事。
Unit 2
便箋的力量 我當(dāng)體育編輯，最早是為蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州）的《企業(yè)導(dǎo)報(bào)》工作，當(dāng)時(shí)我很少收到體育迷的來(lái)信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封來(lái)信把我吸引住了。打開(kāi)來(lái)信，我看到了下面的話：“關(guān)于老虎隊(duì)的述評(píng)很不錯(cuò)，再接再厲。”簽名的是體育編輯堂?沃爾夫。當(dāng)時(shí)我只是一個(gè)十幾歲的小伙子（為每一豎欄寫(xiě)一英寸文字，稿酬總計(jì)達(dá)15美分），因此他的話最鼓舞人心了。我把這封信一直放在書(shū)桌的抽屜里，后來(lái)它的邊角都卷起來(lái)了。每當(dāng)我懷疑自己不是當(dāng)作家的料時(shí)，重溫一下堂的便箋，就又會(huì)樹(shù)起信心來(lái)。后來(lái)，我逐漸對(duì)堂有所了解，知道給各行各業(yè)的人寫(xiě)快捷而鼓舞人心的便箋是他養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣。他告訴我說(shuō)：“當(dāng)我使別人充滿(mǎn)信心時(shí)，我也感覺(jué)好極了。” 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75歲。電話與悼函像潮水般涌向報(bào)社，都來(lái)自于曾經(jīng)得到過(guò)他激勵(lì)（文字）的人們。多年來(lái)，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他們關(guān)心別人，常寫(xiě)一些鼓舞人心的話語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得，他們這樣做是很有意義的。在這樣一個(gè)慣于冷漠、無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的世界上，這種便箋給人們帶來(lái)了溫暖和安慰。我們都時(shí)不時(shí)地需要鼓勵(lì)，大家知道幾行贊揚(yáng)的話會(huì)改變一個(gè)人的一天，甚至一生。那么，這些激勵(lì)人心的便箋的作者為什么寥若晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避寫(xiě)，是因?yàn)樗麄兲粗厝藗兊目捶āＫ麄儞?dān)心會(huì)被誤解，怕別人覺(jué)得他們自作多情或者言不由衷。還有，寫(xiě)也要花時(shí)間，遠(yuǎn)不如打電話方便。當(dāng)然打電話的缺點(diǎn)是：說(shuō)過(guò)的話留不住。而一張便箋使我們的良好意愿顯得更加珍貴。便箋是白紙黑字記錄在案的東西，而且我們寫(xiě)下的字可以反復(fù)閱讀，細(xì)細(xì)品味并珍藏起來(lái)。盡管寫(xiě)便箋會(huì)多花一些時(shí)間，但一些非常忙的人也在這么做，其中包括喬治?布什。有人說(shuō)，他政治上的成功在很大程度上歸功于他那枝隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備寫(xiě)字的筆。這是怎么回事呢？在他整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中，每次與人們接觸之后，他幾乎都隨后寫(xiě)封信，內(nèi)容親切——一句贊美之辭，一行表?yè)P(yáng)的話，或一段感謝語(yǔ)。他不僅寫(xiě)給朋友和同事，還寫(xiě)給萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借傘給他的人，后來(lái)收到他熱情的贊揚(yáng)信，感到很驚訝。那些通常做作的公司高層經(jīng)理們，其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作風(fēng)只能被形容為強(qiáng)硬、冷漠、脫離群眾。甚至這些人也開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)便箋去鼓舞人心，且從中獲益匪淺。唐納德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天寫(xiě)便箋鼓勵(lì)同事當(dāng)作一件日常工作。該公司在80年代時(shí)走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功勞。“我只不過(guò)匆匆地在備忘錄或信的角上寫(xiě)一些鼓舞人心的話，然后傳遞出去，”他說(shuō)道。“每天最重要的一段時(shí)間，就是鼓舞那些為你工作的人的那10分鐘。” “太多的時(shí)候，”他發(fā)表自己的看法說(shuō)，“那些我們真正喜歡的人并不知道我們是怎么看待他們的。太多的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)以為，我并沒(méi)有說(shuō)過(guò)什么批評(píng)的話，為什么非得去說(shuō)好話呢？我們忘了，人類(lèi)需要正面的肯定或鼓勵(lì)——事實(shí)上，我們靠這個(gè)取得進(jìn)步，獲得成功！” 怎樣才能寫(xiě)出振奮精神、溫暖人心的信呢？只要我們懷有要表示感激之情的心愿。寫(xiě)這種便箋的高手都具有我所謂的 “４S”技巧。１）真誠(chéng)(sincere)。沒(méi)人要聽(tīng)虛假的贊美。２）簡(jiǎn)短(short)。如果不能用三句話表達(dá)出你的意思，你很可能過(guò)火了，寫(xiě)得太長(zhǎng)。３）具體(specific)。贊揚(yáng)一位業(yè)務(wù)伙伴 “演講精彩”太籠統(tǒng)含糊；告訴他“關(guān)于沃倫?巴菲特的投資策略講得很精彩”才是一語(yǔ)中的。４）自然(spontaneous)。這使得便箋充滿(mǎn)了生氣，洋溢著熱情，并使讀者的心靈長(zhǎng)久地感受這種生氣和熱情。16 當(dāng)你非得到處找寫(xiě)信用品時(shí)，寫(xiě)出來(lái)的東西就難以自然，因此我總是把紙、信封和郵票放在手邊，甚至在旅行時(shí)也是如此。信封信箋不需要很花哨，重要的是要表達(dá)的思想。17 那么，你周?chē)钟姓l(shuí)值得你寫(xiě)便箋表示感謝或鼓勵(lì)呢？一位鄰居？為你服務(wù)的那位圖書(shū)館管理員？一位親戚？你的市長(zhǎng)？你的伙伴？一位教師？你的醫(yī)生？你不必富有詩(shī)意。如果你需要一個(gè)寫(xiě)的理由，就找一個(gè)生活中的重要事件，例如你們共同參加的某個(gè)特殊事件的周年紀(jì)念日、生日或者節(jié)日。例如，過(guò)去的25年里，我總是為遠(yuǎn)方的朋友每年準(zhǔn)備一張圣誕卡，而且常常在上面親筆寫(xiě)上一句感謝或祝賀的話。鑒于圣誕節(jié)的氛圍，就一年來(lái)所取得的成功與得到的好運(yùn)特意表示謝忱似乎是最恰到好處的。不要吝嗇你的贊美之言。像“最了不起的”、“最聰明的”、“最漂亮的”這種最高級(jí)的表達(dá)法——使大家都感到高興。即使你的贊美之詞稍稍超前了一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)關(guān)系，記住，夢(mèng)想的實(shí)現(xiàn)往往孕育于期望之中。今天，我收到了以前的老板和精神導(dǎo)師諾曼?文森特?皮爾的一封溫暖的贊揚(yáng)信。這張小小的便箋上滿(mǎn)是鼓舞人心的詞句，這促使我坐到了打字機(jī)前來(lái)完成幾封我早就該寫(xiě)的信。我不知道這些信會(huì)不會(huì)使別人的一天別有意義，但是，對(duì)我自己確實(shí)如此。正如我的朋友堂?沃爾夫所說(shuō)的：使別人充滿(mǎn)信心，也就使我自己感覺(jué)很好。
Unit 3
從文化角度看性別角色 在過(guò)去的幾十年里，已經(jīng)無(wú)數(shù)次地證實(shí)了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：構(gòu)成男子陽(yáng)剛之氣和女子陰柔之氣的各種不同類(lèi)型的行為、情感、和興趣都既是遺傳又是文化熏陶的結(jié)果。在成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中，每個(gè)孩子學(xué)會(huì)了細(xì)微的行為舉止，數(shù)量之多數(shù)以百計(jì)，這一切都帶有文化的烙印，成了他們性別特征的一部分。有些行為舉止是直接學(xué)到的。也就是說(shuō)，別人教孩子如何恰如其分地行事, 男有男的規(guī)矩, 女有女的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。另一些跟性別有關(guān)的具體舉止是無(wú)意識(shí)地或間接地學(xué)會(huì)的，因?yàn)槲幕癁榕⒆雍湍泻⒆犹峁┑男蜗蟆⑾蛲哪繕?biāo)以及成人的榜樣各不相同。例如，最近對(duì)美國(guó)公立學(xué)校的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，在教育中存在一種男孩比女孩更受偏愛(ài)的文化偏見(jiàn)。據(jù)研究人員反映，這種偏愛(ài)是無(wú)意的、不知不覺(jué)的，但它確實(shí)存在，并每年都在影響著數(shù)百萬(wàn)計(jì)學(xué)生的生活。為了研究在教育中存在的性別偏愛(ài)，戴維?賽德克博士和邁拉?賽德克博士夫婦錄制了教師在課堂上課的情形。他們的研究顯示，許多自認(rèn)為無(wú)性別偏愛(ài)的教師驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，從錄像帶上看他們竟是那么偏心。從幼兒園到研究生課程，都可以看到教師們請(qǐng)男生回答問(wèn)題的次數(shù)遠(yuǎn)比女生多。這對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程有著巨大的影響，因?yàn)榭偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，那些積極的課堂活動(dòng)參與者對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)更加樂(lè)觀有信心，并能在今后取得更大的成就。事實(shí)上，在20世紀(jì)60年代末期，當(dāng)美國(guó)東北部多所最好的女子學(xué)院向男生開(kāi)放之后，教授們和女學(xué)生們都發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩們正在“接管”課堂討論，而女生積極參與的程度則明顯下降。近年來(lái)，在法學(xué)院和醫(yī)學(xué)院的課堂上也發(fā)現(xiàn)了類(lèi)似的情況：與男生相比女生處于次要的地位。賽德克夫婦所做的研究顯示，教師有時(shí)候會(huì)按照固有的性別模式給女孩子和男孩子不同布置的任務(wù)，這樣便不知不覺(jué)地使女孩子不能像男孩子一樣積極地參與。例如，有位教師在給幼兒園的孩子上自然科學(xué)課時(shí)，不斷地讓小男孩去操作科學(xué)“實(shí)驗(yàn)”，而讓女孩子只是做一些安放材料的工作。既然使用課堂材料動(dòng)手操作是早期教育的一個(gè)重要方面，這些女孩子就這樣被剝奪了重要的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，這會(huì)影響到她們今后的整個(gè)人生。美國(guó)教師中一個(gè)具有代表性的想法是，男孩擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)和自然科學(xué)，這些學(xué)科都是“難懂的”、“適合于男性的”，而女孩會(huì)在語(yǔ)言和閱讀技能上比男孩強(qiáng)。這是教育中性別偏見(jiàn)的另一種表現(xiàn)。結(jié)果美國(guó)的男孩們確實(shí)在閱讀上出了問(wèn)題，而在數(shù)學(xué)方面女孩盡管在九歲以前一直比男孩強(qiáng)，但此后卻落在了他們后面。這成了預(yù)言自我應(yīng)驗(yàn)的一個(gè)例子。然而這些特征是文化造成的，而非遺傳的原因。例如，在德國(guó)，讀書(shū)學(xué)習(xí)都被看作是“適合于男性的”，于是在閱讀上有問(wèn)題的便是女孩子了。而在日本，由于早期教育似乎不分性別，女孩和男孩在閱讀上就旗鼓相當(dāng)。在教育過(guò)程中對(duì)女孩和男孩的不同態(tài)度始于家庭。例如，有一項(xiàng)研究顯示了這樣一種情況：讓學(xué)齡前兒童看一幢房子的圖片，然后要他們說(shuō)出家里允許他們走開(kāi)多遠(yuǎn)，這時(shí)男孩所指的范圍要比女孩大得多，女孩指出的范圍很有限，而且離家很近。女孩們不像男孩那樣受到鼓勵(lì)去發(fā)展求知欲和動(dòng)手能力，盡管這些正是與外部世界打交道時(shí)有用的；對(duì)女孩灌輸?shù)慕Y(jié)果是：對(duì)自己家外面的世界充滿(mǎn)了恐懼，且期望別人對(duì)自己的優(yōu)良品格和循規(guī)蹈矩的服從精神加以認(rèn)可。這類(lèi)教誨從家庭一直延續(xù)到課堂。于是，在課堂里我們常常可以看到女孩們更依賴(lài)教師，更注重作業(yè)的形式和整
潔而非內(nèi)容，更在乎她們所給的答案是否“正確”而不在乎智力方面的獨(dú)立自主以及分析能力和創(chuàng)造能力的提高。教育過(guò)程占據(jù)了孩子除睡眠以外的大部分時(shí)間，社會(huì)則通過(guò)這一過(guò)程加強(qiáng)了它固有的價(jià)值觀，并按其傳統(tǒng)的、期望的模式造就了不同性別的人。
Unit 4
關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力的培養(yǎng)——鼓勵(lì)孩子思考 教育界和商業(yè)界的專(zhuān)家們說(shuō), 具有創(chuàng)造性是通向光明前程的關(guān)鍵。本文將介紹一下學(xué)校和家長(zhǎng)如何才能鼓勵(lì)孩子發(fā)展這一至關(guān)重要的能力。如果1925年迪克?德魯聽(tīng)從了他老板的意見(jiàn)，也許我們就不會(huì)有遮護(hù)膠帶這種用品 了。現(xiàn)在我們幾乎離不開(kāi)它。德魯當(dāng)時(shí)就職于“明尼蘇達(dá)制造和礦業(yè)公司”，通常稱(chēng)為3M公司。在工作中，他研制了一種用于膠帶有黏性那面的物質(zhì)，黏性很強(qiáng)，能使物體粘在一起。但是老板卻不讓他做進(jìn)一步的研究。最后德魯只好利用自己的時(shí)間改進(jìn)了這種膠帶。這種膠帶現(xiàn)已被人們廣泛使用。而他原來(lái)工作過(guò)的3M公司也從自己的失誤中吸取了教訓(xùn)：現(xiàn)在該公司鼓勵(lì)員工抽出15%的工作時(shí)間專(zhuān)門(mén)用來(lái)開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋搞創(chuàng)新。現(xiàn)在這種策略已被越來(lái)越多的公司所采用，而且全國(guó)各地的專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，對(duì)待孩子也應(yīng)仿效這種做法，無(wú)論是在家里還是在學(xué)校。他們認(rèn)為，如果我們教育孩子進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性思維，他們就能在明天的社會(huì)中更好地發(fā)揮作用。受益于創(chuàng)造性的不只限于音樂(lè)和藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域。能取得成功的學(xué)生和成人都是那些會(huì)尋求各種辦法解決問(wèn)題的人。5 創(chuàng)造性并非與生俱來(lái)，也不一定就是高智慧的特征。一個(gè)人智力高并不意味著他必然能創(chuàng)造性地發(fā)揮才智。創(chuàng)造性是指能利用已有的資源想出新點(diǎn)子，而這些點(diǎn)子有助于解決某方面的問(wèn)題。遺憾的是，學(xué)校還沒(méi)有想到要促使學(xué)生發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性。許多教育者十分看重考試分?jǐn)?shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀、寫(xiě)作和數(shù)學(xué)能力，往往因追求正確的答案而犧牲了對(duì)創(chuàng)造性的培養(yǎng)。其結(jié)果是，孩子們能夠反饋所學(xué)的知識(shí)，卻不知道如何靈活地應(yīng)用知識(shí)。比如，他們可能熟記乘法表，卻不會(huì)用它來(lái)解決數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用題。然而，在有些學(xué)校里，教育者們正逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到這一問(wèn)題，并致力于研究能啟發(fā)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性的新的教學(xué)方法。一些教師把基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和要求學(xué)生發(fā)揮想象力的活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來(lái)。比如，教師不再簡(jiǎn)單地問(wèn)學(xué)生哥倫布何時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸，他們可能讓學(xué)生思考如果哥倫布首先到達(dá)的不是加勒比地區(qū)而是紐約，情況會(huì)是如何。要回答這一問(wèn)題，學(xué)生必須應(yīng)用自己掌握的關(guān)于哥倫布、紐約和加勒比地區(qū)的知識(shí)。教師們認(rèn)為即便學(xué)生的回答會(huì)很可笑，也毫無(wú)關(guān)系，這也許是通向創(chuàng)造性的重要一步。專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，在課堂以及在家里，必須允許孩子們有些荒唐的念頭。家長(zhǎng)和教師們則有責(zé)任和孩子共同努力，使那些念頭成為切實(shí)可行的建議。最好的辦法是通過(guò)提問(wèn)來(lái)鼓勵(lì)孩子，同時(shí)對(duì)他們的想法和新點(diǎn)子表示贊賞。專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為必須創(chuàng)造一個(gè)可以自由發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力的氛圍，一個(gè)尊重和贊賞而不是鄙視或不理會(huì)荒誕想法的環(huán)境。8 在家里，家長(zhǎng)可以做一些鼓勵(lì)孩子發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力的事情。如果遇到合適的問(wèn)題，家長(zhǎng)可以就該問(wèn)題征求孩子的意見(jiàn)，讓他們參與決策。家長(zhǎng)可以幫助孩子了解不同的決策將會(huì)帶來(lái)的各種后果。家長(zhǎng)還應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)孩子大聲談?wù)撍麄冋谧龅氖虑椤Ｋ季S能力和語(yǔ)言能力是緊密相關(guān)的。大聲地談?wù)撚兄谔岣哒Z(yǔ)言能力和思維能力。具有幽默感對(duì)于開(kāi)發(fā)孩子的創(chuàng)造力也非常重要。當(dāng)家長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)出幽默時(shí)，孩子們就看到了最地道的創(chuàng)造性。從本質(zhì)上看，幽默跨越了常規(guī)界限，打破了固有模式。要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造往往也得如此。給孩子一些選擇的余地也很重要。應(yīng)該允許孩子自己做決定并清楚其后果，要讓孩子從盡可能早的年齡開(kāi)始這樣做。做決定有助于培養(yǎng)思維能力，即便只是在午餐的兩種食物的選擇上做決定也行。隨著孩子慢慢長(zhǎng)大，家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)讓孩子自己做主支配時(shí)間或金錢(qián)；當(dāng)他們作出錯(cuò)誤的決定時(shí)，不要不假思索地給予過(guò)多的幫助。這種做法可能會(huì)使孩子迷惑不解，但這沒(méi)有關(guān)系。因?yàn)楦挥袆?chuàng)造力的人有很強(qiáng)的動(dòng)力，使他們能夠從混亂中創(chuàng)造秩序。這是他們的一個(gè)最重要的特點(diǎn)。
Unit 6
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與你 在說(shuō)不定的某個(gè)時(shí)候，我們大家都曾充當(dāng)過(guò)疑病癥患者的角色,只憑一些輕微的癥狀便懷疑自己得了某種可怕的病。有的人只要一聽(tīng)說(shuō)一種新的疾病，就會(huì)去檢查，看自己是否可能患了這種病。然而，對(duì)疾病的恐懼并非我們唯一的恐懼。同樣，患病的危險(xiǎn)也并非我們唯一會(huì)遇上的危險(xiǎn)。現(xiàn)代生活中充滿(mǎn)了各種各樣的威脅，諸如對(duì)我們生命的威脅，對(duì)我們平和心境的威脅，對(duì)我們家人的威脅，對(duì)我們未來(lái)的威脅。從而產(chǎn)生了好些問(wèn)題，我們不得不問(wèn)自己：我買(mǎi)的食品安全嗎？給孩子們的玩具會(huì)傷害他們嗎？我們家的人是不是不該吃熏肉？我度假時(shí)會(huì)不會(huì)遭搶劫？我們的疑
慮就無(wú)休止地增加。對(duì)生活中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的擔(dān)憂與疑病癥有相似之處；二者的恐懼或憂慮皆起因于信息不全面。但二者之間也存在一個(gè)明顯的差別。疑病癥患者通常可以求助于醫(yī)生，以便澄清疑慮——要么你得了你所懷疑的疾病，要么你沒(méi)得。但當(dāng)涉及到其它形式的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，事情就要困難得多，因?yàn)閷?duì)許多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，情況并不那么簡(jiǎn)單。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)幾乎總是一個(gè)可能性的問(wèn)題而無(wú)確定性可言。你也許會(huì)問(wèn)：“我該不該系安全帶？”如果你坐的車(chē)要與其它車(chē)正面相撞，那當(dāng)然該系安全帶。倘若你的車(chē)側(cè)面被撞，結(jié)果你被困在車(chē)?yán)铮忠虬踩珟аb置遭破壞而無(wú)法掙脫，那怎么辦呢？這是否意味著你該再花些錢(qián)在車(chē)內(nèi)安一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)氣袋呢？同樣，在正面相撞的情況下，保險(xiǎn)氣袋完全可以救你一命。但是，萬(wàn)一正當(dāng)你在高速公路上開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)氣袋突然意外充氣膨脹，從而導(dǎo)致了本來(lái)絕不會(huì)發(fā)生的事故，那又該如何是好？ 上面說(shuō)的這一切，只是從另一角度說(shuō)明我們所做的事沒(méi)有一件是百分之百安全的。有些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——常常是潛在的重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——與我們的每個(gè)業(yè)余愛(ài)好、所做的每項(xiàng)工作、所吃的每種食物有關(guān)，換句話說(shuō)，與所進(jìn)行的任何活動(dòng)有關(guān)。但我們又不能，也不該因危險(xiǎn)存在于我們將要做的每件事，而變成戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢的神經(jīng)癥患者。有些活動(dòng)是比其它活動(dòng)更危險(xiǎn)。關(guān)鍵在于要讓自己了解相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，然后相機(jī)行事。例如，兩車(chē)相撞時(shí)，大車(chē)總的說(shuō)來(lái)要比小車(chē)安全些。可究竟能安全多少呢？答案是這樣：在一起嚴(yán)重的車(chē)禍中坐小車(chē)喪生的可能性是坐大車(chē)的兩倍左右。然而，大車(chē)通常比小車(chē)貴（并且消耗更多的汽油，由此給環(huán)境帶來(lái)了更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)！）。那么我們?cè)撛鯓哟_定什么時(shí)候值得為降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加花費(fèi)呢？例如，避免風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最保險(xiǎn)的做法也許是去買(mǎi)一輛坦克或裝甲車(chē)，從而把撞車(chē)時(shí)死亡或受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最小。然而，即便你買(mǎi)得起，這筆額外的費(fèi)用以及忍受坦克或裝甲車(chē)所帶來(lái)的不便是否值得呢？ 在我們尚不知所涉及的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度之前，我們還無(wú)法回答這些問(wèn)題。那么，我們?cè)撊绾稳ズ饬匡L(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度呢？有些人似乎認(rèn)為答案只不過(guò)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字。例如，我們知道每年大約有25,000 人死于車(chē)禍。相比之下，每年只有大約300人死于礦山事故和災(zāi)難。這難道就意味著乘坐汽車(chē)要比采礦危險(xiǎn)得多嗎？未必。事實(shí)是，在美國(guó)每年大約有兩億人經(jīng)常性地以車(chē)代步；而大概只有70萬(wàn)人從事采礦作業(yè)。我們?cè)u(píng)估一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，所需要的有關(guān)數(shù)字是一個(gè)比率或分?jǐn)?shù)。該分?jǐn)?shù)的分子告訴我們?cè)谀硞€(gè)特定時(shí)期由于從事某種特定活動(dòng)而喪生或受傷的人數(shù)；其分母告訴我們?cè)谶@一時(shí)期從事這種活動(dòng)的總?cè)藬?shù)。這樣，所有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度都是由比率或分?jǐn)?shù)表示，其大小介于0（無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）到1（完全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）之間。7 通過(guò)把所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都簡(jiǎn)化為這種比率或分?jǐn)?shù)，我們便可以開(kāi)始比較不同種類(lèi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，如比較采礦與乘坐汽車(chē)。這個(gè)比率越大，也就是說(shuō)它越接近1，那么有關(guān)活動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越大。在剛才討論的例子中，我們可以用每一活動(dòng)中死亡的人數(shù)除以參與該活動(dòng)的總?cè)藬?shù)，從而找出汽車(chē)旅行與采煤的相對(duì)安全性。此處，我們可以很清楚地看到，乘坐汽車(chē)旅行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是每一萬(wàn)人中大約有一人喪生；而就采礦而言，其危險(xiǎn)程度是每一萬(wàn)礦工中大約有四人死亡。所以，盡管在車(chē)禍中喪生的人遠(yuǎn)比采礦要多，其實(shí)后者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是前者的四倍。這些比率使我們能夠?qū)敛幌喔傻幕顒?dòng)或情形的危險(xiǎn)性加以比較，即便差別如蘋(píng)果與橘子那樣大也能比較。如果你反對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)，你就會(huì)選擇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比率較小的活動(dòng)。如果你無(wú)所畏懼，那么你往往會(huì)對(duì)高比率不太在乎，除非它們大得令人難以承受。我們一旦明白了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法從任何情況中完全去除的，因而就沒(méi)有絕對(duì)安全的事，我們也就會(huì)明白問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵不是要徹底避免風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而是要理智地管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理需要兩大要素：常識(shí)以及與我們可能要承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的性質(zhì)和程度相關(guān)的信息。
第四篇：新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)漢譯英（精選）
1.中庸思想（doctrine of the mean）是儒家思想的核心內(nèi)容。孔子所謂的“中”不是指“折中”而是指在認(rèn)識(shí)和處理客觀事物時(shí)的一種“適度”和“恰如其分”的方法。孔子主張不僅要把這種思想作為一種認(rèn)識(shí)和處理事務(wù)的方法來(lái)看待，而且還應(yīng)該通過(guò)自身修養(yǎng)和鍛煉，把它融入自己的日常行為當(dāng)中，使之成為一種美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。從它形成到現(xiàn)在，一直為民族精神的構(gòu)建、民族智慧的傳播、民族文化的發(fā)展發(fā)揮著不可估量的作用。
2.中國(guó)四大名著是指三國(guó)演義The Romance of the Three Kingdoms、水滸傳Outlaws of the Marsh、西游記Journey to the West和紅樓夢(mèng)A Dream in Red Mansions四部著名小說(shuō)。它們的創(chuàng)作時(shí)間均處于元末明初至清代期間，其內(nèi)容反映了中國(guó)古代政治和軍事斗爭(zhēng)、社會(huì)矛盾、文化信仰等各個(gè)方面。四大名著具有很高的藝術(shù)水平，代表了中國(guó)古典小說(shuō)的高峰。書(shū)中的許多人物和場(chǎng)景在中國(guó)家喻戶(hù)曉，并且已經(jīng)深深的影響了整個(gè)民族的思想觀念和價(jià)值取向。四本著作在中國(guó)古代民俗、封建制度、社會(huì)生活等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域皆有巨大的研究?jī)r(jià)值，是中國(guó)乃至全人類(lèi)的寶貴文化遺產(chǎn)。
3.近年來(lái)，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)熱門(mén)話題。以蓬勃發(fā)展的電子商務(wù)為代表的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要引擎。我國(guó)政府高度重視發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，提出了“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的概念，以推動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與醫(yī)療、交通、教育、金融、公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的結(jié)合。這將為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供極大的發(fā)展?jié)摿透鼜V闊的發(fā)展空間。隨著“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”戰(zhàn)略的深入實(shí)施，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)必將與更多傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)進(jìn)一步融合，助力打造“中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)升級(jí)版”
4.蘇州園林是中國(guó)古典園林最杰出的代表，大部分為私家所有。蘇州園林始于春秋，興于宋元，盛于明清。清末蘇州已有各色園林170余處，為其贏得了“園林之城”的稱(chēng)號(hào)。先保存完好的園林有60多處，對(duì)外開(kāi)放的有十余處。其中滄浪亭、獅子林、拙政園和留園分別代表著宋元明清四個(gè)朝代的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，被稱(chēng)為“蘇州四大名園”。蘇州園林宅園合一，可賞，可游，可居，其建筑規(guī)制反映了中國(guó)古代江南民間的生活方式和禮儀習(xí)俗。蘇州園林不僅僅是歷史文化的產(chǎn)物，同時(shí)也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想文化的載體。1997年，蘇州園林被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入“世界遺產(chǎn)名錄”
5.中華文明曾對(duì)世界文明產(chǎn)生過(guò)重大影響。近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和國(guó)際地位的提升。越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)元素為當(dāng)今世界時(shí)尚、文學(xué)、影視作品等提供了創(chuàng)作靈感，成為熱門(mén)題材。這一現(xiàn)象表明，世界需要中國(guó)文化。在這種背景下，我國(guó)決定實(shí)施文化“走出去”的戰(zhàn)略，以加強(qiáng)中過(guò)與世界其他各國(guó)的文化交流。經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)年的努力，這項(xiàng)工程已經(jīng)取得了很大的成績(jī)。文化“走出去”大力推動(dòng)了我國(guó)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，正成為提升我國(guó)國(guó)家形象和綜合實(shí)力的有效途徑。
6.博鰲亞洲論壇是一個(gè)非政府、非營(yíng)利性的國(guó)際組織。它是由25個(gè)亞洲國(guó)家和澳大利亞發(fā)起的，于2001年正式成立，總部位于中國(guó)的海南省博鰲鎮(zhèn)。博鰲亞洲論壇以平等、互惠、合作和共贏為主旨，致力于推動(dòng)亞洲各國(guó)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)交流、協(xié)調(diào)與合作，并增強(qiáng)亞洲與世界其他地區(qū)的對(duì)話和聯(lián)系。它為有關(guān)國(guó)家的政府、企業(yè)及專(zhuān)家學(xué)者提供了一個(gè)共商亞洲以及全球事務(wù)的高層次平臺(tái)。通過(guò)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化合作，博鰲亞洲論壇將推進(jìn)亞洲國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，為建設(shè)一個(gè)更加繁榮、穩(wěn)定、和平的新亞洲作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。
7.城鄉(xiāng)一體化是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化和城市化發(fā)展的一個(gè)新階段，是要通過(guò)對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展實(shí)行統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，并通過(guò)體制改革和政策調(diào)整，破除城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)在政策上平等，在產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展模式上互補(bǔ)，讓農(nóng)村居民享受到與城鎮(zhèn)居民同樣的文明和福利。城鄉(xiāng)一體化是一項(xiàng)重大而深刻的社會(huì)變革，它使整個(gè)城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)地發(fā)展。只有大力推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化，妥善處理城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)合作，縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距，才能確保到2020年我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的宏偉目標(biāo)。
8.近年來(lái)，社會(huì)的發(fā)展和就業(yè)形勢(shì)的變化對(duì)大學(xué)生提出了更高的要求。越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生不在局限于書(shū)本知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，他們開(kāi)始走出“象牙塔”，利用業(yè)余時(shí)間積極投身于社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。通過(guò)社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，大學(xué)生可以更多地了解社會(huì)，增強(qiáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任感，提高分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。同時(shí)，參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)還可以幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到自身的不足，明確未來(lái)努力的方向。所有這些都將為他們積累社會(huì)閱歷和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為未來(lái)的就業(yè)或創(chuàng)業(yè)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。
第五篇：新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀
第一套題
How to Make Friends at Work From being well-connected to having someone lend you a hand when needed, the advantages of having friends at work are many.If you regularly find yourself in a cold corner on your office floor, here are tips that you can use to win friends and make office buddies for life.Bring something for everyone in your office every once in a while
Whether it is a bag of lollies, biscuits, Tim Tams or a box of doughnuts from Dunkin? Donuts, it would be nice if you brought your office colleagues a little something every now and then.Food is a sure-fire way of letting your office mates know that you are putting in a genuine effort to be friends with them and that you care about them.And best of all, if you consider yourself an amateur baker, why not bake a lot of your best brownies or cookies for your friends at work?
Sympathize with your colleagues at work
Everyone at work has their own share of problems.There are really no exceptions.If you want to make friends at work, you must learn to sympathize with fellow colleagues and help them out in whichever way you can.For example, if your colleague is going through a rough patch with her husband and her marriage is on the rocks, don?t hesitate to ask if you can temporarily help her out by picking up some of her daily tasks.Genuine sympathy never goes unnoticed and a work place is no different.Work for your team, not for yourself
While it is easy to get carried away and think about your own benefit all the time, you should remember that your progress at work lies in the progress of your teammates and vice versa.If you go out of the way to help your colleagues at work, they will hopefully reciprocate by crediting you with their success.Go out for lunch with your colleagues
We all love to have lunch buddies at work, don?t we? That?s exactly why you should make an attempt to go for lunch with the people who you want to be friends with at work.A chat over lunch will not only allow you to be better friends with your workmates, but will also provide a window of opportunity for you to catch up on all the latest gossip at work.So catch up with a buddy at work for lunch, whether it is in the office cafeteria or at the neighborhood take-away joint.Involve your colleagues in your life outside work
Involving your colleagues in your life outside word is one of the first signs of trust and friendship that you can give out.Tell your workmates about your family, tell them about your relationships tell them about the problems you face in your personal life and tell them what you?ve been up to outside the confines of the walls of your office.Your colleagues will feel connected to you in a more-than-just-professional way.For all you know, you may even find your next vest friend right in your workplace!However, make sure that you share only the things that are t host appropriate to be shared in an office environment.Be human-Have an opinion
If you really want to make friends at work, don?t be afraid to have an opinion or voice out how you feel, even if it means being bad-tempered at times.While most management experts and books will tell you to carry a positive attitude at work all the time, that may not go well in helping you be popular at work.Your workmates expect you to have a mind of your own and more importantly, expect you to voice your opinion.If you are going to hold a poker face all the time, you may seem like your boss?s puppet who only does what the boss says.1.According to the writer, giving some desserts to your colleagues is a way to______.A.show your favorite food and taste
B.prove you are a god cook
C.let your office mates know you are friendly
D.let your office mates know you are generous 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 2.What is suggested for sympathizing with your colleagues at work in the passage?
A)Sharing their problems in private life
B)Helping them get through hard times
C)Feeling sorry for their misfortune
D)Asking what?s going on about their marriage 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 3.Teamwork is emphasized in making friends at work because______.A.you may easily lose control of yourself at work
B.your colleagues will help you at work
C.your success depends on others? progress
D.your sympathy for others is very important 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 4.Why is going out for lunch with colleagues advisable for making friends at work? A.Because chatting over lunch allows you to know more about the latest news at work.B.Because people all love to have lunch together.C.Because gossip over lunch is very funny.D.Because cafeterias and take-away joints are very popular.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 5.By involving your colleagues in your life outside work, you can______.A.tell them your personal problems
B.show your trust and friendship
C.reduce your stress at work
D.overcome the limitations of office work 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B
第二套題
All You Remember
All you remember about your child being an infant is the incredible awe you felt about the precious miracle you created.You remember having plenty of time to give all your wisdom and knowledge.You thought your child would take all of your advice and make fewer mistakes, and be much smarter than you wee.You wished for your child to hurry and grow up.All you remember about your child being two is never using the restroom alone or getting to watch a movie without talking animals.You recall afternoons talking on the phone while sitting in the bedroom closet, and being convinced your child would be the first Ivy League college student to graduate wearing pullovers at the ceremony.You remember worrying about the bag of M&M?s melting in your pocket and ruining your good dress.You wished for your child to be more independent.All you remember about your child being five is the first day of school and finally having the house to yourself.You remember joining the PTA and being elected president when you left a meeting to use the restroom.You remember being asked “Is Santa real?” and saying “yes” because he had to be for a little bit longer.You remember shaking the sofa cushions for loose change, so the tooth fairy could come and take away your child?s first lost tooth.You wished for your child to have all permanent teeth.All you remember about your child being sever is the carpool schedule.You learned to apply makeup in two minutes and brush your teeth in the rearview mirror because the only time you had to yourself was when you were stopped at red lights.You considered painting your car yellow and posting “taxi” sign on the lawn next to the garage door.You remember people staring at you, the few times you were out the car, because you kept moving your foot and making acceleration noised.You wished for the day your child would learn how to drive.All you remember about your child being 10 is managing the school fund raisers.You sold wrapping paper for paint, T-shirts for new furniture, and magazine subscriptions for shade trees in the school playground.You remember storing a hundred cases of candy bars in the garage to sell so the school band could get new uniforms, and how they melted together on an unseasonably warm spring afternoon.You wished your child would grow out of playing an instrument.All you remember about your child being 12 is sitting in the stands during baseball practice and hoping your child?s team would strike out fast because you had more important things to do at home.The coach didn?t understand how busy you were.You wished the baseball season would be over soon.All you remember about your child being 14 is being asked not to stop the car in front of the school in the morning.You had to drive two blocks further and unlock the doors without coming to a complete stop.You remember not getting to kiss your child goodbye or talking to him in front of his friends.You wished your child would be more mature.All you remember about your child being 16 is loud music and undistinguished lyrics screamed to a rhythmic beat.You wished for your child to grow up and leave home with the stereo.All you remember about your child being 18 is the day when he was born and having all the time in the world.And, as you walk through your quiet house, you wonder where he went and you wish your child hadn?t grown up so fast.1.How did you feel when you faced the lovely infant you created? A.Nervous.B.Worried.C.Awesome.D.Optimistic.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 2.You wished your child aged two to______.A.become more independent B.use the restroom alone C.watch movies without talking animals D.like popular M&M?s 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 3.You finally had the house to yourself because______.A.the kid went to the grandparents? house
B.the kid went to play outside
C.the kid went to school
D.the kid became very quiet 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 4.You had to brush your teeth in the car because______.A.this was your habit
B.it was your job to drive for your child and you were very busy
C.your child enjoyed seeing you do it
D.you often got up late 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 5.Which of the following is not true according to paragraph 4?
A.You once considered painting your car yellow.B.Sometimes you withed your child could drive himself.C.People stared at you because you made acceleration noises.D.Sometimes you wanted to be a taxi driver.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D
第三套題
College Freshman Year Mistakes You are bound to mess a few things up during freshman year, and that?s okay!Here are some common mistakes that students make during their first semester or two, and suggestions about how to avoid them.Skipping class So much freedom!Nobody can force you to do to class anymore!However, nobody can force you to pass your classes anymore either, so you?d better take responsibility and go.Not studying enough It's time to readjust your expectations of workload from what you had in high school.In college, teachers expect you to put in 2-3 hours of work outside of the classroom for every credit of coursework--and sometimes more.Not doing the reading This is a mistake that high school students make too, but it's one you might be able to get away with in high school.Read your syllabus frequently and make sure you keep up, at least most of the time.Frequent and excessive partying Speaking of freedom, it can be intoxicating to have the freedom to party whenever you want and for as long as you want.Many freshmen go completely overboard, which can lead to a host of serious problems.Remember, you have your whole life to have fun.It doesn't all have to happen the second you leave your parent's home.Going home too often Homesickness is a common freshman problem, and it's tempting to go back to the comforts of home as much as possible.But you're never going to get over your homesickness if you keep going home.Instead, get involved on campus and make new friends.Similarly, if you come to campus with a ready-made group of friends, branch out.Not finding “your own thing”
Many incoming students do what they think they're supposed to do, based on peer pressure, parental expectations, or from watching too many bad TV shows and movies about college.College gives you an opportunity to try out lots of new things and befriend lots of new people, so explore!Don't join a fraternity or sorority because that's what you think college is supposed to be like--and don't not join a fraternity or sorority because your friends turn up their noses.Don't get involved with student government because that's what your dad did.Be yourself.Not opening your mind On campus, you're bound to be exposed to all kinds of ideas that are different from your own, and all kinds of people you never thought you'd be dealing with.While this may be uncomfortable, it's one of the reasons why college is such a great learning experience, so be prepared to listen and learn.Unhealthy eating habits Getting used to eating healthfully on your own is tricky, and it's no wonder that so many students gain the Freshman Fifteen.Don't worry about being perfectly healthy your first semester, but avoid doing things like eating pizza in the middle of the night or eating fries with every meal.And try to get a little exercise, even if that just means walking to class.Not asking for help Yes, you need to learn to be independent.But part of being independent is taking the initiative to get help if you need it.If you're having problems in class, visit the professor's office hours, or spend some time at the campus tutoring center.If you're having trouble coping, get some help at the campus counseling center.Find out what resources are available and use them.1.What?s the writer?s suggestion concerning going to class? A.You should enjoy the freedom of not being forced to go to class.B.You should be responsible for your study and go to class.C.You should reduce the burden of study.D.You should set aside two to three hours for after-class study.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 2.What will result in a lot of serious troubles for the freshmen? A.They spend too much money on partying.B.They have fun all the time.C.They become extremely keen on partying.D.They enjoy themselves the moment they leave home.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 3.To overcome homesickness, what can freshmen do on campus? A.Keeping away from old friends.B.Participating in campus activities and making new friends.C.Going to the same college with the ready-made friends.D.Making the dormitory as comfortable as home.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 4.We can know from the passage that freshmen can find their own thing through___.A.being themselves B.taking part in a student government C.joining a fraternity or sorority because it is popular with most people D.exploring new things and making a lot of new friends 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 5.Which of the following expressions has the closest meaning to “turn up one?s noses” in paragraph 7? A.look up to someone B.ignore C.investigate D.look down upon someone 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D
第四套題
Animal, Vegetable, Science, Ethics: Interview with Jonathan Balcombe Author, ethologist and biologist Dr.Jonathan Balcombe is breading new ground in our understanding of and appreciation for animals.For many, Second Nature, his last book, was the first introduction to his fascinating and brace new world of animal behaviorism.His new book, The Exultant Ark: A Pictorial Tour of Animal Pleasure, promises to broaden even more the base of his audience with compelling visual references for all of the major insights in the book.Not only does Balcombe make us rethink our attitudes toward and relationships with non-human animals;he also compels us to turn that knowledge into action.FFh(Free From Harm)interviewed Balcombe to get a deeper understanding of his ideas and in particular how they apply to animals used in agriculture.FFH: Some scientists just do their research, write their reports and visit conferences.But you seem to have a more active role in being an animal advocate.To what extent do you apply your study or animals to action for animals? JB: I consider my job as an animal advocate at least as important as my role as a scientist.I apply my study and knowledge of animals to action through my writings-books, blogs, scholarly papers, book chapters, etc., and through public speaking.FFh: How does science intersect with ethics in your analysis of animal behavior? JB: Animal behavior is one of the nearest windows onto animals? inner lives.The way animals behave helps to demonstrate their feelings, and I like to say that feelings are the bedrock of ethics.FFH: How do you explain why the study of animal behavior, ethology, has remained so underdeveloped up to the present time? JB: Observing animal behavior is so absorbing that I?m a bit puzzled as to why there was so relatively little written about it before Darwin?s time.But let?s give science its due;after a period of near-sighted denial when it was doubted even whether animals were conscious, the latter 20th century has seen the emergence of ethology as a lively and very active field.I view ethology?s contributions to our understanding of animals as one of the pillars supporting the animal rights movement.FFH: In what major directions do you see this discipline is heading? JB: I am encouraged by the recent rise in studies on animal emotions and cognition.I think these trends will continue.We are beginning to see more studies that combine behavior with non-invasive brain imaging and measures of biochemical changes to show parallels between humans and non-human animals.This sort of evidence is very persuasive, and I believe it has a key role in compelling the sort of paradigm shift people in this social movement are hoping for.FFH: What can a better understanding of pleasure in animals do to help us understand ourselves better? JB: Recognizing and accepting animal pleasure is an act of basic empathy.It is recognizing that-when it comes to the experience of a quality of life-they are us and we are them.FFH: How did you go about selecting the images in The Exultant Ark? JB: Some images were easy to select because they were both beautiful and they “shouted” animal pleasure.Others were more subtle and requited communication with the photographer to help clarify what was going on when the photo was taken.I also had a framework into which I wanted to organize the photos, and some otherwise legitimate images just didn?t fit that framework.FFH: With regard to farmed animals, what unique ethical questions do we face with the knowledge we have of their behavior and intelligence? JB: There?s really just one primary ethical question here: How can we possibly justify damaging these animals, crowding them into places that deny even their most basic needs, and then shipping them in terribly stressful conditions to the horror of their slaughter-when we don?t even need to eat them to begin with? The answer is clear: We can?t.FFH: What opposing views of animal behavior serve to justify the treatment of farmed animals today? What are their sources? JB: I?ve yet to see a single opposing view that justifies our treatment of farmed animals.FFH: How important do you think veganism is as an ethical and practical solution to the fate of animals used in agriculture today? JB: Veganism is as vital as it is easy.I regard it as the Holy Grail of personal activism for animals, the environment, and human health.It is also a useful tool for addressing this nation?s economic problems.1.What?s the purpose of the interview with Dr.Balcombe? A.To discover something new in people?s understanding of and appreciation for animals.B.To introduce Balcombe?s theory about animal behaviorism.C.To encourage people to reconsider their attitudes toward and relationships with animals.D.To get further understanding of Balcombe?s ideas and especially how they apply to farmed animals.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 2.Which of the following words or phrases can replace the word “bedrock” in parapgraph6? A.solid rock B.condition C.ground rock D.foundation 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 3.How does Dr.Balcome think of ethology, the study of animal behavior? A.People in Darwin?s time knew nothing about ethology.B.Ethology will arouse people?s denial and doubt.C.By offering better understanding of animals, ehtology plays a vital role in the animal rights movement.D.Despite its underdevelopment at present, ethology will still be absorbing.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 4.What does “these trends” refer to in paragraph 10?
A.Recent rise in studies on animal emotions and cognition.B.Recent recognition of the importance of ethology.C.Recent recognition of the close relationship between animals and human beings.D.Recent rise in the animal rights movement.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 5.According to Dr.Balcome, what images can be easily selected into The Exultant Ark? A.Images demonstrating the relationship between human beings and animals.B.Images showing how human beings protect animals.C.Images both beautiful and representing animals? pleasure.D.Images more subtle and requiring communication with the photographer.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C
第五套題
Six Bermuda Triangle Theories The Bermuda Triangle is a region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the Florida coast that has reportedly the highest number of cases of planes and ships mysteriously disappearing without a trace.It is a region roughly in the shape of a triangle located between Miami on the Florida coast and two islands, the island of Bermuda and the island of San Juan in Puerto Rico.Also known as the “Devil?s Triangle”, the Bermuda Triangle remains a mystery unsolved even today.Here are some theories that attempt to explain the mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.Theory 1: Effect of a comet The first theory that we?ll discuss here is the theory that a comet from outer space crashed into the Earth thousands of years ago, near the area, which is now the The Bermuda Triangle.People who believe in this theory also seem to believe that somewhere in the depths of the ocean, there must lie the remains of this comet and it is the electromagnetic attractions of the comet that cause all the havoc, including interruptions of aircraft signals.No traces of a comet or anything similar to it has been found yet and in the absence of proof, this theory remains nothing but an assumption.Theory 2: Time warp
This theory is one of the most popular theories in spite of the fact that there is nothing to prove it.The “time warp” theory claims that the reason for so many disappearances is time travel.In other words, this theory says that whenever something ends up at the Bermuda Triangle, it either travels back in time or to some time in the future.There are also people who have reported seeing a huge tunnel-shaped cloud around the region, which they believe is a tunnel for time travel.Theory 3: City of Atlantis
This theory is supported by some people who believe that the lost city of Atlantis was located somewhere close to the Bahamas.What they also believe is that the mysterious city of Atlantis still lay buried somewhere below the ocean and legend has it that this city was powered by energy obtained from powerful crystals.According to this theory, the effect of the remains of these crystals is what is responsible for the aircraft radio signals going out of control.There are ever supposed proofs for that, the most important one being the Bimini Road, which is a peculiar cock structure that appears to be an ancient dockyard.Theory 4: U.S.military base
Ever heard about Area 51? It is a base of the U.S.Air Force where testing of military equipment is carried out and which is notorious for many reported UFO sightings.Well, there is a similar testing base of the U.S.Navy on the Andros Islands in the Bahamas.Some people believe that there is something more to it than a mere weapon testing base and that it is the location where the government has built equipment to communicate with the extraterrestrial.And it is this supposedly advanced technology that has got something to do with the vanishing of ships and planes!
Theory 5: Rough weather
This is one of the more practical theories explaining the mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.The Atlantic Ocean is famous for its storms, hurricanes and rough weather.Violent storms and hurricanes cause the waves to rise as high as 80 feet or more.Add to that the strong currents of the Gulf Stream and you have a situation from which it is almost impossible to escape!Even more danger lurks beneath the ocean as this is the deepest region in the Atlantic, the location of the Puerto Rico trench.So, if a ship or an aircraft gets trapped in the storm and sinks deep into the water, it can very well appear to have disappeared without a trace!
Theory 6: Human error
Believed to be the NO.1 reason for the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle, this theory states that it all happens as a result of human error.The area surrounding the Bermuda Triangle consists of a string of islands, each very similar to the other.Because of this, it is very difficult to find your way there.Moreover, the rough weather and storms add to the risk factor.In such a scenario, once you are lost, it will be very difficult to return.Also, the area over the Bermuda Triangle experiences a lot of air traffic which increases the probability of disasters.1.The Bermuda Triangle is a region _____.A.in the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean B.where lots of ships and planes disappeared mysteriously C.in the shape of a triangle located among three islands D.whose mystery has been well explained with many theories 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 2.Concerning the comet theory, which of the following is true? A.There is adequate evidence to prove the theory.B.The comet is huge and aggressive.C.Some remains of the comet have been found.D.The electromagnetic attractions of the comet have caused all the disasters.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 3.The time warp theory _____.A.is believed by those who have seen a tunnel for time travel B.believes that time travel causes so many ships and planes to disappear C.claims that all the ships and planes disappearing in the area have traveled to some time in the future D.is convincing because of the existence of the tunnel for time travel 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 4.It?s said that the mysterious city of Atlantis was powered by energy got from_____.A.powerful crystals B.electricity C.water D.the sun 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 5.According to Theory 3, why is the lost city of Atlantis related to the disappearances of planes and ships in the Bermuda Triangle? A.Because the lost city was located in the area.B.Because there were many crystals in the city.C.Because the remains of the city were powered by crystals.D.Because the remains of the crystals make the aircraft radio signals out of work.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D
第六套題
Memories in the Rain The door slammed behind me once again, as I ran from the world I knew all too well.I needed an escape.I felt as if my mind and my soul were being chocked.I jumped in the car and started down the long drive, not knowing where I would end up, but knowing anywhere would be better than here.Night had begun to fall, and as the miles that separated me from home increased, I began to relax.It seemed as though my car knew where to take me, because the drive was effortless.I ended up along the narrow road adjacent to the river.It was one of the roads I had driven daily as a teen.I hadn?t been on this road for years.My life now, as an adult, was too busy to take time out for joy rides.I had deadlines to meet, PTA meetings to attend, bills to pay and a husband to pacify.I smiled as I drove past the places that I?d spent so many evenings, parked with friends along this road.I had lost touch with some precious memories, but they seemed to be flooding back, filling my heart.I pulled over underneath a familiar gnarled tree and got out.The wind had started blowing and I could smell the incoming rain.Pushing my hair out of my eyes, I ran to the tree and searched the trunk.It didn?t take long for me to find what I was looking for.Julie and Danny, True Love Always.Time and weather had faded the words, but they were still there.Tears came to my eyes as I traced the words lovingly with my fingers.This was Danny?s favorite spot.I turned and walked toward the river and my tears seemed to act as a cue for the rain to start falling.I sat on a rock, eyes closed, listening to the sound of the raindrops meeting the river.I felt his hands cup my cheek and his lips gently touch mine.His scent was mixed with the smell of the fresh rain and I could feel his warmth next to me.I didn?t dare open my eyes, instead, I slid my arms around his neck and kissed him the way I?d kissed him two decades ago.Tears slid down my cheeks as we embraced.I had spent years trying to forget how his arms felt around me, and here they were again, stronger than ever.I could feel the need in him and I wondered if he knew how badly I needed him, too.The rain was coming down in torrents now, but it didn?t matter.I could feel his warm breath against my skin as he kissed my neck.I ran my hands over his strong chest, and through his blonde hair.Even soaking wet, I remembered the feel of it, the feel of him.A loud clap of thunder forced me to open my eyes and I realized that I was alone with my memories.The accident hadn?t happened far from here.The road winds along the river and the girl driving Danny?s car that night wasn?t the first to miss the hairpin turn.The car rolled and the driver?s side was crushed.They said the driver died instantly, but Danny held on for a few hours.Those few hours seemed like an eternity.He had been so young, and I hadn?t known how to say goodbye.For 20 years I?ve tried to replace the memories of that night with memories of better ones, memories of his smile, his kiss and of the wonderful person that I had come to love.I closed my eyes again and remembered Danny introducing me to his friends as “the one”.I wondered what my life might have been like had Danny not died that night, so many years ago.Would I really have been “the one”?
As I got up to leave, I felt a warmth enveloping me.I blew a kiss to that old gnarled tree as I climbed, soaking wet, into my car and began my journey home.Thank you, Danny.You were always there when I needed you.1.Why did the writer need an escape away from home? A.Because she wanted to relive her old memories.B.Because she knew the world around her all too well.C.Because her mind and soul were badly hurt.D.Because she wanted to take time out for a joy ride.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 2.Where did the writer end up after a long driver away from home? A.In a forest.B.In a park beside the river.C.On a road near the river.D.At the end of the road.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 3.Where were the words “Julie and Danny, True Love Always” written on? A.A car.B.A leaf.C.A rock.D.A trunk.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 4.What was the most probable relationship between Danny and Julie? A.Boyfriend and girlfriend.B.Brother and sister.C.Husband and wife.D.Classmates.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 5.Who was driving the car when the accident happened that night? A.A girl.B.A taxi driver.C.Danny.D.Julie.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A
第七套題
Is Valentine’s Day Necessary? On Valentine?s Day, I received an e-mail from a friend.“Are you husband and you celebrating Valentine?s Day?” he asked.“Strange question,” I thought.“Of course we celebrate, doesn?t everyone? We may not have a party, but we?ll definitely do something special for this day.”
My friend?s simple inquiry bothered me throughout the day to the extent that I was encouraged to observe who was and wasn?t celebrating.I was also curious to find out the degree of seriousness that matched this day of love.The first person I spoke with was my neighbor.“Do you buy your wife a Valentine?s Day gift?” I asked in a cheerful voice.“No one tells me when to buy a gift for my wife,” he replied proudly.“I buy her chocolate and flowers when I feel like doing so.” He emphasized the word “I” as he poked himself in the chest.“Have a happy Valentine?s Day,” I said to him.“And to you, too,” he said with a smile.“It?s not necessary to choose a day to say ?I love you? to your spouse,” he continued.As everyone knows, Valentine?s Day is celebrated on February 14 every year.Although it has its origin I Christianity, it?s a non-religious custom observed globally nowadays.Traditionally, the day celebrates romance, but it?s also a day to honor the ones we love.It appears that what was once a relatively low-key day when children made cards at school for their classmates and parents, and men gave their lovers chocolate or flowers, has grown in many regions into an occasion for elaborate gift-giving, romantic adventures and a number of public activities.From the very beginning of February, jewelers, department stores, as well as other commercial enterprises, offer discounts to shoppers.Flower shops are full of red roses and restaurants advertise their special meals which can melt lovers? heart.Love or romantic comedy movies are always on throughout this month.By Monday morning this past week, everyone who watched television had learned the prices of roses all over the world, and throughout the day, bumped into enthusiastic hostesses at restaurants greeting prospective guests at the curb.At school, I asked the students in my English class to talk about couples they admire.As teenagers, they were excited to discuss the claimed extra-marital affairs of two pop stars.One girl was, however, delighted by the legend of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai-a well-known tale of forbidden lovers who, after death, had a lasting reunion in the form of butterflies.The story id commonly referred to as China?s Romeo and Juliet.Students exchanged beautiful hand-made cards;colleagues gave each other a single red rose, and many e-greeting cards were sent.My single friends from English Corner, dressed in their finest, as young as pre-teens, optimistically went off to a Valentine?s Day theme party.At the end of the day when I returned home, I realized that my neighbor?s attitude was certainly reasonable-we should not need a special day to express our love.If we consider all the joy and merriment of the day, we can find that the celebration of Valentine?s Day is much more than saying “I love you” or giving old-fashioned symbolic gifts-it is a day of fun.Surely, we can feel love and affection every day of a year.But how wonderful it is to have one day to express our love for our friends, family, and lovers if we are fortunate to have one.Although some romantically-unattached people feel neglected on Valentine?s Day, regardless of age or circumstance, it is a day to be colorful-wear colorful dresses, eat colorful candies, and receive colorful flowers.Valentine?s Day is a day to say to the ones you love, “I love you every day, and today I love you more.”
1.How will the writer celebrate Valentine?s Day? A.Have a big party.B.Travel around.C.Rest at home.D.Do something special.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 2.The writer was encouraged by her friend?s question to _____.A.find out how serious people are in celebrating Valentine?s Day B.learn about the history of Valentine?s Day
C.find out the reasons why people celebrate Valentine?s Day D.tell people the importance of Valentine?s Day 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 3.Valentine?s Day is celebrated _____nowadays.A.for religious purposes B.as a non-religious custom C.as a very important occasion
D.through people?s making fun of each other 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 4.Traditionally, Valentine?s Day is also a day _____.A.for people to be romantic B.to honor those we admire C.for people to look for a lover D.to honor those we love 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 5.In the past, on Valentine?s Day, _____.A.children made cards for their classmates and parents B.men bought fashionable clothes for their lovers C.jewelers sold poor quality goods to customers D.restaurants offered special meals 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A
第八套題
How to Make Friends at Work From being well-connected to having someone lend you a hand when needed, the advantages of having friends at work are many.If you regularly find yourself in a cold corner on your office floor, here are tips that you can use to win friends and make office buddies for life.Bring something for everyone in your office every once in a while
Whether it is a bag of lollies, biscuits, Tim Tams or a box of doughnuts from Dunkin? Donuts, it would be nice if you brought your office colleagues a little something every now and then.Food is a sure-fire way of letting your office mates know that you are putting in a genuine effort to be friends with them and that you care about them.And best of all, if you consider yourself an amateur baker, why not bake a lot of your best brownies or cookies for your friends at work?
Sympathize with your colleagues at work
Everyone at work has their own share of problems.There are really no exceptions.If you want to make friends at work, you must learn to sympathize with fellow colleagues and help them out in whichever way you can.For example, if your colleague is going through a rough patch with her husband and her marriage is on the rocks, don?t hesitate to ask if you can temporarily help her out by picking up some of her daily tasks.Genuine sympathy never goes unnoticed and a work place is no different.Work for your team, not for yourself
While it is easy to get carried away and think about your own benefit all the time, you should remember that your progress at work lies in the progress of your teammates and vice versa.If you go out of the way to help your colleagues at work, they will hopefully reciprocate by crediting you with their success.Go out for lunch with your colleagues
We all love to have lunch buddies at work, don?t we? That?s exactly why you should make an attempt to go for lunch with the people who you want to be friends with at work.A chat over lunch will not only allow you to be better friends with your workmates, but will also provide a window of opportunity for you to catch up on all the latest gossip at work.So catch up with a buddy at work for lunch, whether it is in the office cafeteria or at the neighborhood take-away joint.Involve your colleagues in your life outside work
Involving your colleagues in your life outside word is one of the first signs of trust and friendship that you can give out.Tell your workmates about your family, tell them about your relationships tell them about the problems you face in your personal life and tell them what you?ve been up to outside the confines of the walls of your office.Your colleagues will feel connected to you in a more-than-just-professional way.For all you know, you may even find your next vest friend right in your workplace!However, make sure that you share only the things that are t host appropriate to be shared in an office environment.Be human-Have an opinion
If you really want to make friends at work, don?t be afraid to have an opinion or voice out how you feel, even if it means being bad-tempered at times.While most management experts and books will tell you to carry a positive attitude at work all the time, that may not go well in helping you be popular at work.Your workmates expect you to have a mind of your own and more importantly, expect you to voice your opinion.If you are going to hold a poker face all the time, you may seem like your boss?s puppet who only does what the boss says.1.What is suggested for sympathizing with your colleagues at work in the passage?
A)Sharing their problems in private life
B)Helping them get through hard times
C)Feeling sorry for their misfortune
D)Asking what?s going on about their marriage 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 2.Teamwork is emphasized in making friends at work because______.A.you may easily lose control of yourself at work
B.your colleagues will help you at work
C.your success depends on others? progress
D.your sympathy for others is very important 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 3.Why is going out for lunch with colleagues advisable for making friends at work? A.Because chatting over lunch allows you to know more about the latest news at work.B.Because people all love to have lunch together.C.Because gossip over lunch is very funny.D.Because cafeterias and take-away joints are very popular.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 4.By involving your colleagues in your life outside work, you can______.A.tell them your personal problems
B.show your trust and friendship
C.reduce your stress at work
D.overcome the limitations of office work 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 5.What is the writer?s attitude toward making friends at work?
A.Objective
B.Optimistic
C.Negative
D.Positive 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D
第九套題
All You Remember
All you remember about your child being an infant is the incredible awe you felt about the precious miracle you created.You remember having plenty of time to give all your wisdom and knowledge.You thought your child would take all of your advice and make fewer mistakes, and be much smarter than you wee.You wished for your child to hurry and grow up.All you remember about your child being two is never using the restroom alone or getting to watch a movie without talking animals.You recall afternoons talking on the phone while sitting in the bedroom closet, and being convinced your child would be the first Ivy League college student to graduate wearing pullovers at the ceremony.You remember worrying about the bag of M&M?s melting in your pocket and ruining your good dress.You wished for your child to be more independent.All you remember about your child being five is the first day of school and finally having the house to yourself.You remember joining the PTA and being elected president when you left a meeting to use the restroom.You remember being asked “Is Santa real?” and saying “yes” because he had to be for a little bit longer.You remember shaking the sofa cushions for loose change, so the tooth fairy could come and take away your child?s first lost tooth.You wished for your child to have all permanent teeth.All you remember about your child being sever is the carpool schedule.You learned to apply makeup in two minutes and brush your teeth in the rearview mirror because the only time you had to yourself was when you were stopped at red lights.You considered painting your car yellow and posting “taxi” sign on the lawn next to the garage door.You remember people staring at you, the few times you were out the car, because you kept moving your foot and making acceleration noised.You wished for the day your child would learn how to drive.All you remember about your child being 10 is managing the school fund raisers.You sold wrapping paper for paint, T-shirts for new furniture, and magazine subscriptions for shade trees in the school playground.You remember storing a hundred cases of candy bars in the garage to sell so the school band could get new uniforms, and how they melted together on an unseasonably warm spring afternoon.You wished your child would grow out of playing an instrument.All you remember about your child being 12 is sitting in the stands during baseball practice and hoping your child?s team would strike out fast because you had more important things to do at home.The coach didn?t understand how busy you were.You wished the baseball season would be over soon.All you remember about your child being 14 is being asked not to stop the car in front of the school in the morning.You had to drive two blocks further and unlock the doors without coming to a complete stop.You remember not getting to kiss your child goodbye or talking to him in front of his friends.You wished your child would be more mature.All you remember about your child being 16 is loud music and undistinguished lyrics screamed to a rhythmic beat.You wished for your child to grow up and leave home with the stereo.All you remember about your child being 18 is the day when he was born and having all the time in the world.And, as you walk through your quiet house, you wonder where he went and you wish your child hadn?t grown up so fast.1.You wished your child aged two to______.A.become more independent B.use the restroom alone C.watch movies without talking animals D.like popular M&M?s 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 2.You finally had the house to yourself because______.A.the kid went to the grandparents? house
B.the kid went to play outside
C.the kid went to school
D.the kid became very quiet 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 3.You had to brush your teeth in the car because______.A.this was your habit
B.it was your job to drive for your child and you were very busy
C.your child enjoyed seeing you do it
D.you often got up late 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 4.Which of the following is not true according to paragraph 4?
A.You once considered painting your car yellow.B.Sometimes you withed your child could drive himself.C.People stared at you because you made acceleration noises.D.Sometimes you wanted to be a taxi driver.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 5.The reason why you wished the baseball season would be over soon is that______.A.it was boring to you
B.the child was not good at baseball
C.you had some more important business to do
D.you think it was tiring for the child 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C
第十套題
College Freshman Year Mistakes You are bound to mess a few things up during freshman year, and that?s okay!Here are some common mistakes that students make during their first semester or two, and suggestions about how to avoid them.Skipping class So much freedom!Nobody can force you to do to class anymore!However, nobody can force you to pass your classes anymore either, so you?d better take responsibility and go.Not studying enough It's time to readjust your expectations of workload from what you had in high school.In college, teachers expect you to put in 2-3 hours of work outside of the classroom for every credit of coursework--and sometimes more.Not doing the reading This is a mistake that high school students make too, but it's one you might be able to get away with in high school.Read your syllabus frequently and make sure you keep up, at least most of the time.Frequent and excessive partying Speaking of freedom, it can be intoxicating to have the freedom to party whenever you want and for as long as you want.Many freshmen go completely overboard, which can lead to a host of serious problems.Remember, you have your whole life to have fun.It doesn't all have to happen the second you leave your parent's home.Going home too often Homesickness is a common freshman problem, and it's tempting to go back to the comforts of home as much as possible.But you're never going to get over your homesickness if you keep going home.Instead, get involved on campus and make new friends.Similarly, if you come to campus with a ready-made group of friends, branch out.Not finding “your own thing”
Many incoming students do what they think they're supposed to do, based on peer pressure, parental expectations, or from watching too many bad TV shows and movies about college.College gives you an opportunity to try out lots of new things and befriend lots of new people, so explore!Don't join a fraternity or sorority because that's what you think college is supposed to be like--and don't not join a fraternity or sorority because your friends turn up their noses.Don't get involved with student government because that's what your dad did.Be yourself.Not opening your mind On campus, you're bound to be exposed to all kinds of ideas that are different from your own, and all kinds of people you never thought you'd be dealing with.While this may be uncomfortable, it's one of the reasons why college is such a great learning experience, so be prepared to listen and learn.Unhealthy eating habits Getting used to eating healthfully on your own is tricky, and it's no wonder that so many students gain the Freshman Fifteen.Don't worry about being perfectly healthy your first semester, but avoid doing things like eating pizza in the middle of the night or eating fries with every meal.And try to get a little exercise, even if that just means walking to class.Not asking for help Yes, you need to learn to be independent.But part of being independent is taking the initiative to get help if you need it.If you're having problems in class, visit the professor's office hours, or spend some time at the campus tutoring center.If you're having trouble coping, get some help at the campus counseling center.Find out what resources are available and use them.1.What will result in a lot of serious troubles for the freshmen? A.They spend too much money on partying.B.They have fun all the time.C.They become extremely keen on partying.D.They enjoy themselves the moment they leave home.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C 2.To overcome homesickness, what can freshmen do on campus? A.Keeping away from old friends.B.Participating in campus activities and making new friends.C.Going to the same college with the ready-made friends.D.Making the dormitory as comfortable as home.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 3.We can know from the passage that freshmen can find their own thing through___.A.being themselves B.taking part in a student government C.joining a fraternity or sorority because it is popular with most people D.exploring new things and making a lot of new friends 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 4.Which of the following expressions has the closest meaning to “turn up one?s noses” in paragraph 7? A.look up to someone B.ignore C.investigate D.look down upon someone 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 5.According to the writer, the reason why your going to college is a learning experience is that_____.A.you?ll definitely encounter different ideas and various people B.you?ll develop good study habits C.you?ll acquire knowledge and skills D.you?ll make some mistakes 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A
第十一套題
Six Bermuda Triangle Theories The Bermuda Triangle is a region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the Florida coast that has reportedly the highest number of cases of planes and ships mysteriously disappearing without a trace.It is a region roughly in the shape of a triangle located between Miami on the Florida coast and two islands, the island of Bermuda and the island of San Juan in Puerto Rico.Also known as the “Devil?s Triangle”, the Bermuda Triangle remains a mystery unsolved even today.Here are some theories that attempt to explain the mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.Theory 1: Effect of a comet The first theory that we?ll discuss here is the theory that a comet from outer space crashed into the Earth thousands of years ago, near the area, which is now the The Bermuda Triangle.People who believe in this theory also seem to believe that somewhere in the depths of the ocean, there must lie the remains of this comet and it is the electromagnetic attractions of the comet that cause all the havoc, including interruptions of aircraft signals.No traces of a comet or anything similar to it has been found yet and in the absence of proof, this theory remains nothing but an assumption.Theory 2: Time warp
This theory is one of the most popular theories in spite of the fact that there is nothing to prove it.The “time warp” theory claims that the reason for so many disappearances is time travel.In other words, this theory says that whenever something ends up at the Bermuda Triangle, it either travels back in time or to some time in the future.There are also people who have reported seeing a huge tunnel-shaped cloud around the region, which they believe is a tunnel for time travel.Theory 3: City of Atlantis
This theory is supported by some people who believe that the lost city of Atlantis was located somewhere close to the Bahamas.What they also believe is that the mysterious city of Atlantis still lay buried somewhere below the ocean and legend has it that this city was powered by energy obtained from powerful crystals.According to this theory, the effect of the remains of these crystals is what is responsible for the aircraft radio signals going out of control.There are ever supposed proofs for that, the most important one being the Bimini Road, which is a peculiar cock structure that appears to be an ancient dockyard.Theory 4: U.S.military base
Ever heard about Area 51? It is a base of the U.S.Air Force where testing of military equipment is carried out and which is notorious for many reported UFO sightings.Well, there is a similar testing base of the U.S.Navy on the Andros Islands in the Bahamas.Some people believe that there is something more to it than a mere weapon testing base and that it is the location where the government has built equipment to communicate with the extraterrestrial.And it is this supposedly advanced technology that has got something to do with the vanishing of ships and planes!
Theory 5: Rough weather
This is one of the more practical theories explaining the mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle.The Atlantic Ocean is famous for its storms, hurricanes and rough weather.Violent storms and hurricanes cause the waves to rise as high as 80 feet or more.Add to that the strong currents of the Gulf Stream and you have a situation from which it is almost impossible to escape!Even more danger lurks beneath the ocean as this is the deepest region in the Atlantic, the location of the Puerto Rico trench.So, if a ship or an aircraft gets trapped in the storm and sinks deep into the water, it can very well appear to have disappeared without a trace!
Theory 6: Human error
Believed to be the NO.1 reason for the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle, this theory states that it all happens as a result of human error.The area surrounding the Bermuda Triangle consists of a string of islands, each very similar to the other.Because of this, it is very difficult to find your way there.Moreover, the rough weather and storms add to the risk factor.In such a scenario, once you are lost, it will be very difficult to return.Also, the area over the Bermuda Triangle experiences a lot of air traffic which increases the probability of disasters.1.Concerning the comet theory, which of the following is true? A.There is adequate evidence to prove the theory.B.The comet is huge and aggressive.C.Some remains of the comet have been found.D.The electromagnetic attractions of the comet have caused all the disasters.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 2.The time warp theory _____.A.is believed by those who have seen a tunnel for time travel B.believes that time travel causes so many ships and planes to disappear C.claims that all the ships and planes disappearing in the area have traveled to some time in the future D.is convincing because of the existence of the tunnel for time travel 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 3.It?s said that the mysterious city of Atlantis was powered by energy got from_____.A.powerful crystals B.electricity C.water D.the sun 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 4.According to Theory 3, why is the lost city of Atlantis related to the disappearances of planes and ships in the Bermuda Triangle? A.Because the lost city was located in the area.B.Because there were many crystals in the city.C.Because the remains of the city were powered by crystals.D.Because the remains of the crystals make the aircraft radio signals out of work.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 5.What do we learn about Area 51 according to the passage? A.It?s a testing base of the U.S.Air Force.B.It?s located on the Andros Islands.C.It?s the location to communicate with the extraterrestrial.D.It?s famous for the sightseeing of UFOs.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A
第十二套題
Is Valentine’s Day Necessary?
On Valentine?s Day, I received an e-mail from a friend.“Are you husband and you celebrating Valentine?s Day?” he asked.“Strange question,” I thought.“Of course we celebrate, doesn?t everyone? We may not have a party, but we?ll definitely do something special for this day.”
My friend?s simple inquiry bothered me throughout the day to the extent that I was encouraged to observe who was and wasn?t celebrating.I was also curious to find out the degree of seriousness that matched this day of love.The first person I spoke with was my neighbor.“Do you buy your wife a Valentine?s Day gift?” I asked in a cheerful voice.“No one tells me when to buy a gift for my wife,” he replied proudly.“I buy her chocolate and flowers when I feel like doing so.” He emphasized the word “I” as he poked himself in the chest.“Have a happy Valentine?s Day,” I said to him.“And to you, too,” he said with a smile.“It?s not necessary to choose a day to say ?I love you? to your spouse,” he continued.As everyone knows, Valentine?s Day is celebrated on February 14 every year.Although it has its origin I Christianity, it?s a non-religious custom observed globally nowadays.Traditionally, the day celebrates romance, but it?s also a day to honor the ones we love.It appears that what was once a relatively low-key day when children made cards at school for their classmates and parents, and men gave their lovers chocolate or flowers, has grown in many regions into an occasion for elaborate gift-giving, romantic adventures and a number of public activities.From the very beginning of February, jewelers, department stores, as well as other commercial enterprises, offer discounts to shoppers.Flower shops are full of red roses and restaurants advertise their special meals which can melt lovers? heart.Love or romantic comedy movies are always on throughout this month.By Monday morning this past week, everyone who watched television had learned the prices of roses all over the world, and throughout the day, bumped into enthusiastic hostesses at restaurants greeting prospective guests at the curb.At school, I asked the students in my English class to talk about couples they admire.As teenagers, they were excited to discuss the claimed extra-marital affairs of two pop stars.One girl was, however, delighted by the legend of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai-a well-known tale of forbidden lovers who, after death, had a lasting reunion in the form of butterflies.The story id commonly referred to as China?s Romeo and Juliet.Students exchanged beautiful hand-made cards;colleagues gave each other a single red rose, and many e-greeting cards were sent.My single friends from English Corner, dressed in their finest, as young as pre-teens, optimistically went off to a Valentine?s Day theme party.At the end of the day when I returned home, I realized that my neighbor?s attitude was certainly reasonable-we should not need a special day to express our love.If we consider all the joy and merriment of the day, we can find that the celebration of Valentine?s Day is much more than saying “I love you” or giving old-fashioned symbolic gifts-it is a day of fun.Surely, we can feel love and affection every day of a year.But how wonderful it is to have one day to express our love for our friends, family, and lovers if we are fortunate to have one.Although some romantically-unattached people feel neglected on Valentine?s Day, regardless of age or circumstance, it is a day to be colorful-wear colorful dresses, eat colorful candies, and receive colorful flowers.Valentine?s Day is a day to say to the ones you love, “I love you every day, and today I love you more.”
1.The writer was encouraged by her friend?s question to _____.A.find out how serious people are in celebrating Valentine?s Day B.learn about the history of Valentine?s Day
C.find out the reasons why people celebrate Valentine?s Day D.tell people the importance of Valentine?s Day 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 2.Valentine?s Day is celebrated _____nowadays.A.for religious purposes B.as a non-religious custom C.as a very important occasion
D.through people?s making fun of each other 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B 3.Traditionally, Valentine?s Day is also a day _____.A.for people to be romantic B.to honor those we admire C.for people to look for a lover D.to honor those we love 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D 4.In the past, on Valentine?s Day, _____.A.children made cards for their classmates and parents B.men bought fashionable clothes for their lovers C.jewelers sold poor quality goods to customers D.restaurants offered special meals 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A 5.Most students in the writer?s English class are interested in _____.A.love stories of famous leaders B.love affairs of some pop stars C.well-known tales in the history D.examples of long-lasting marriage 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B
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