第一篇：新編大學英語英語作文1-6

1.My Mother

(Original Version)

My mother is a middle-aged woman.She has a kind of beauty characteristic of east women.I will always be thankful for her love and I'll love her forever.When I was a child, my mother take me to the kindergarten even when the weather is bad.When I was naughty and made mistake, my mother never blamed me.She told me some stories.From the stories, I know what I should do and what I shouldn't do.When I went to the school, my mother cared about not only my needs every day and my studies.When I did badin the school, she often urged me to try my best again.She said she had confidence for me and told me not to lose heart.I'll always remember her kindness and advice forever.2.How to Avoid Misunderstandings?

(Original Version)

Misunderstanding usually bring trouble to our communication.It can cause failure of cooperation, bring misery, sometimes even ruin friendships.So we must try to avoid it.The causes of misunderstandings are various.For a foreign language learner, the most common misunderstandings are caused by incorrect use or understanding of a language.To avoid these misunderstandings, the only way is learn the language better.However, learning a language well usually requests a long time.Here we have some immediate solutions.First, make the language simple and clear.Complex sentences tend to be harder to be understood whether in writing or speaking.Second, use facial expressions and gestures.Sometimes they can express more than words.Finally, explain as much as necessary.After all, misunderstanding is not so terrible, as far as we are careful.3.Born to Win

(Original Version)

What dose winning mean to you? This is not an easy question to answer.Winning means being rich, winning means being powerful, also, winning means being happy.These are all reasonable to me, and I think that being happy is the most important thing in my life.As our Chinese say that money and power means little to our life, happiness is the most important thing, also the most difficult thing to get.Most people get everything when they win, only without happiness.Those people are poor;they lose the most precious thing in the world.If I have a chance to choose whether to win or to get happiness, I prefer happiness, without it, I think life means gray to me.Although not everyone is born to win, we can try to get happiness.4.Psychology in Our Daily Life

(Original Version)

Psychology plays a very important part in daily life.It controls people's mood.If a person is happy and active, he will feel energentic.He will go all out to do everything well.He is very confident.He is sure to succeed.If a person is sad and worries too much.He will not be confident enough to achieve anything.Even if he can do something well before, now he can't put all his heart in it and he is likely to fail.Positive psychology can help us a lot.It can make us happy and efficient.We

can exceed ourselves and do something, unimaginable.That's the power of psychology.If we meet some defeats and difficulties, we can get much power from a good psychology and start again, while a poor attitude sometimes can make a man a total failure.We should learn good psychology to make our lives better.5.Dreams

(Original Version)

—What lingers around you in the day, you may dream about it in the night.It's general considered that we tend to dream in the night about things that linger around us in the daytime, which partly explains why I kept having the same dream for quite a long time several weeks ago.In the dream, I was given a test on Japanese but I was totally at a loss what the correct answers should be.I was so worried that I always woke up in horror.Since the dream kept happening again and again, I can't help wondering why.After some careful analysis, I began to understand.I used to think that Japanese was rather a piece of cake and seldom spent any time memorizing the Japanese words, which I considered as equivalent to the Chinese ones.But as the final examination drew closer, I gradually realized that things were not what I thought.I began to panic and was rather afraid that I would fail in the Japanese exam.This lingered around me day and night, resulting in my nightmare.6.Eating Habits

(Original Version)If you pay some attention to other people in the dining room at the dinner time, you will get a rich pattern of other people's eating habits.It's just very interesting and the different eating habits, in some sense, also reflect people's unique characteristic.For example, some people have their dinner very fast, as if they have been starved for several days.Perhaps, they may behave hurriedly in their ordinary life, on the other hand, some people eat the food very slowly, they are not just “eating”, but also “appreciating and enjoying.” the food.They may be optimistic about life and can find these small interesting things, such as eating, to relax themselves.You can always notice that some people talk loudly when eating while, and some are very quiet.These who keep speaking loudly may be very energetic and active, as you can see that even when they are eating, they will never let their mouth only do one thing and they will fully use it.We may conclude that these who keep quiet may be introverted and they may be very careful about life, when they do one thing, they will fully plunge into it.It's really very amusing to observe the eating habits of different people, because when eating they are most relaxed and can behave the real image of themselves.

第二篇：新編大學英語3課后作文

9The Power of Music

Music is the universal language of mankind.Music is everywhere.We can hear it in restaurants, airports, railway stations, supermarkets, department stores, banks, hospitals, and many other public places.Music of all kinds is now available, and tapes and CDs are not very expensive.Music plays an important role in our everyday lives.Music can express emotions that are beyond speech and give us a better feeling about ourselves and about everything around us.It can change our attitudes towards many things.When we feel sad, music is moonlight in the gloomy night of life which can cheer us up;when we are tired and bored, music can make us relaxed, it has charms to soothe the savage breast, to soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak.When we are working or studying, music can provide us with a pleasant environment so that we can work or study more efficiently.Music can make people work faster and with more energy.The best, most beautiful, and most perfect way that we have of expressing a sweet concord of mind to each other is by music.Music can also lull the babies to sleep and can even make cows produce more milk.In a word, music is irresistible and life without music would be boring and monotonous.Unit 8 Nature or Nurture “Which Has Had More Influence on You, Heredity or Environment?”

I always believe that a person can succeed in doing anything he feels interested in.Your environment provides all sorts of opportunities and the things necessary for your personal

pursuit and achievement.Which has had more influence on you, heredity or environment? This is a difficult question to answer.First, let us examine the influence of heredity.All my classmates call me “Fat Yu” because I am fat.My father is also fat, so I can't help connecting my fatness with his!Although I can't be absolutely sure that it comes from my father, I do think that I probably have a gene which he passed on to me and which determines my body build or shape.Aside from that gene, my father gave me many excellent qualities.For example, I think I am good at abstract thinking.My father is an engineer and he often tells me that he was very good at Math and Physics at middle school and college.So thanks to these genes of his I got into this university.However, I have many other characteristics, which may come from the environment I grew up in.For example, my father and mother are conservative and traditional.They lack a spirit of adventure and they have a hard time understanding many of the new things in China today.I, on the contrary, have the desire to explore and I hope I can become a pioneer of reform.I often have many original thoughts and ideas.All changes taking

place around me whet my appetite for exploration.In conclusion, I think both heredity and environment have influenced me greatly.Heredity created me, but environment has improved me.Unit 7 The Joy of Travel Traveling Is Wonderful

In school we always study hard and rarely have time for play and relaxation.During our vacation, we can do what we like.Some students go swimming, watch TV, go to the cinema, etc.But all I want to do is to travel.Traveling is interesting.You can see a lot of fascinating things and you can learn about history.Three years ago, I went to Beijing.When I was in the Summer Palace, I walked through the famous Long Corridor, admiring the beautiful pictures drawn on it.In the Imperial Palace, I saw a lot of rare treasures I had never seen before.I went to the Great Wall as well as the Ming Tombs.After visiting these famous places, I can’t help feeling proud of my great motherland.I think it is important to travel to different countries, if possible, so that you can learn about different cultures and customs.It can widen your knowledge of the world.In addition to learning new things, you can also discover the beauty of nature by yourself.When you are on the top of a mountain, you can breathe fresh air, you can see green scenery below and you can hear the sounds of nature.It is a very wonderful feeling.Now I’d like to invite you to go on a trip with me.Can you refuse?

Unit 6 Animals

Animals Should Be Trained

There are a wide variety of animals in the world.And many of them are highly intelligent.So if we train some animals to work for human beings, we can save a lot of money and manpower.First, some kinds of animals can be trained based on their capacity to do certain types of jobs better than humans.For example, since dogs have a superior ability to track down odors, we can train them to find illegal drugs, earthquake victims, or even ancient tombs.Second, some animals can even lend us their hands.The monkey is a good example.Monkeys can be trained to learn to open doors, fetch tools, bring books, etc.So they can help those who cannot move about freely because of some physical problems.Monkeys make the lives of these people happier and more comfortable.Finally, in some cases, using animals not only saves money but also trouble.Using dolphins as underwater guards can be better and cheaper than any man-made tracking devices.In a word, animals should be trained to help humans.If we train animals in the proper way, both humans and animals can get along very well.Unit 4 Career Planning Application Letter May 5, _____ Apartment 2E 3465 Boulevard East Dallas, TX 75221 Fidelity National Bank P.O.Box 42B Dallas, TX 75221 Dear Sir or Madam:

I would like to be considered as an applicant for the teller trainee position listed in today's Dallas Tribune.I am 18 years old.I will graduate from North High School in June.Since my sophomore year, I have been taking business courses.I have taken Accounting 1 and 2, Business Law, Economics, and Word Processing.During my junior year, I participated in the Co-op Program in which I attended school one week and worked the alternate week.My work placement was at the Western Insurance Company, where I learned basic accounting procedures.I am currently employed part-time as a cashier at a Pathway Supermarket.These positions helped me to develop skills and confidence for handling large sums of money.I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience.My telephone number is 775-2684.I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely, Thomas Gupton

Directions: Write an article entitled “My Advice to Pessimists”.Your writing must cover the following two points:

1）disadvantages of pessimism

2）way(s)of overcoming pessimism It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure, while optimism usually brings happiness, good health and success.Pessimists also make those around them very miserable.Therefore, pessimists should change their way of thinking and overcome the negative aspects of their personalities.Here are a few tips for them:

1.Try to smile more often.A smile has great power.It can chase sadness away.It will make you and other people feel happy.And it may even make things easier and better.Smiling in the morning makes a good beginning for the day.A smile is the most important sign of optimism.2.Build up your self-confidence.Try to discover as many of your personal strengths as you can.Then write them all down.Read them several times when you are getting ready to do something or when you are facing difficulties.Your list will help you see your abilities.3.Change your way of thinking.Don't always think that things will go wrong or that if they do there will be terrible results.Instead, convince yourself that things will improve and that you can work hard to help improve them.If you fail, think about what you have learned from the failure.If you succeed, praise yourself.Don't be too modest!There is nothing more encouraging than self-praise.Try your best to become an optimist.

第三篇：新編大學英語4翻譯

新編大學英語4課文翻譯及課后答案

Unit 1

享受幽默—什么東西令人開懷？ 聽了一個有趣的故事會發笑、很開心，古今中外都一樣。這一現象或許同語言本身一樣悠久。那么，到底是什么東西會使一個故事或笑話讓人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 我是第一次辨識出幽默便喜歡上它的人，因此我曾試圖跟學生議論和探討幽默。這些學生文化差異很大，有來自拉丁美洲的，也有來自中國的。我還認真地思考過一些滑稽有趣的故事。這么做完全是出于自己的喜好。為什么聽我講完一個笑話后，班上有些學生會笑得前仰后合，而其他學生看上去就像剛聽我讀了天氣預報一樣呢？顯然，有些人對幽默比別人更敏感。而且，我們也發現有的人很善于講笑話，而有的人要想說一點有趣的事卻要費好大的勁。我們都聽人說過這樣的話：“我喜歡笑話，但我講不好，也總是記不住。”有些人比別人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音樂、數學之類的才能一樣。一個真正風趣的人在任何場合都有笑話可講，而且講了一個笑話，就會從他記憶里引出一連串的笑話。一個缺乏幽默感的人不可能成為一群人中最受歡迎的人。一個真正有幽默感的人不僅受人喜愛，而且在任何聚會上也往往是人們注意的焦點。這么說是有道理的。甚至有些動物也具有幽默感。我岳母從前經常來我們家，并能住上很長一段時間。通常她不喜歡狗，但卻很喜歡布利茨恩—我們養過的一條拉布拉多母獵犬。而且，她們的這種喜歡是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的時候就常常戲弄外祖母，當外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜歡的那張舒適的椅子上時，布利茨恩就故意把她臥室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母剛好夠不到的地方蹦來跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起來去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母從椅子上一起來，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，從它那閃亮的棕色眼睛里掠過一絲拉布拉多式的微笑，無疑是在說：“啊哈，你又上了我的當。” 典型的笑話或幽默故事由明顯的三部分構成。第一部分是鋪墊（即背景），接下來是主干部分（即故事情節），隨后便是妙語（即一個出人意料或令人驚訝的結尾）。如果這個妙語含有一定的幽默成分，這個笑話便會很有趣。通常笑話都包含這三部分，而且每部分都必須交代清楚。如果講故事或說笑話的人使用聽眾都熟悉的手勢和語言，則有助于增強效果。我們可以對幽默這種娛樂形式，進行分析，從而發現究竟是什么使一個有趣的故事或笑話令人發笑。舉例來說，最常見的幽默有以下幾種，包括了從最顯而易見的幽默到比較微妙含蓄的幽默。“滑稽劇”是最明顯的幽默。它語言簡單、直截了當，常常以取笑他人為樂。說笑打鬧這種形式過去是、現在仍然是滑稽說笑演員和小丑的慣用技巧。它為不同年齡、不同文化背景的人們所喜愛。幾乎本世紀的每個講英語的滑稽說笑演員都曾以這樣或那樣的方式說過下面這則笑話。一位男士問另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的貴婦是誰？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么貴婦，那是我老婆。”這個笑話的幽默之處在于第二位男士說他的妻子不是一位貴婦，也就是說她不是一個高雅的女人。這個笑話并沒有因為經常講而變得不再那么好笑。由于這是一個經典笑話，觀眾都知道要說什么，而且因為大家對這個笑話很熟悉而更加珍愛它。中國的相聲是一種特殊的滑稽劇。相聲中兩名中國喜劇演員幽默地談論諸如官僚主義者、家庭問題或其他一些有關個人的話題。相聲隨處都能聽到，無論是在鄉村的小舞臺上，還是在北京最大的劇院里，抑或在廣播、電視上。它顯然是中國人家喻戶曉的一種傳統的幽默形式。“俏皮話”不像滑稽劇那樣淺顯，它是因語言的誤用或誤解而引人發笑。我特別喜歡的一個例子是三位年長的紳士在英國乘火車旅行的故事。當火車慢慢停下來時，第一位紳士問道：“這是Wembley(溫布利)嗎？”“不，”第二位紳士說：“是Thursday(星期四)。”“我也是，”第三位說道，“讓我們下車喝杯啤酒吧。”我們知道上了年紀的人往往耳背，因此會把Wembley（溫布利）聽成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）聽成了thirsty（渴了），這樣一來就為第三位老人的妙語做好了鋪墊。著名的中國漫畫家和幽默家丁聰便是一位俏皮話大師。在他的一幅幽默漫畫中，一位老師說：“你為什么一字不改地抄別人的作業？”那位年輕的學生回答道：“我沒有一字不改地抄。我把作業上的名字改成自己的了。”在丁聰的另一幅經典漫畫里，一位生氣的父親問道：“告訴我，1加2等于幾？”兒子說：“我不知道。”這位不耐煩的父親接著說道：“比方說，你、你媽媽和我，我們加起來一共是幾個，傻瓜？”兒子得意地回答道：“是三個傻瓜。” 這些故事無論是漫畫還是笑話，是由演滑稽劇的喜劇演員說還是由搭檔的相聲演員講，都為各地人們所喜愛。人們喜愛這些有趣的故事，因為它們貼近現實生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙語十分有趣。雙關語是一種更微妙的俏皮話。它使用的技巧是利用發音相似的詞或同一個詞的不同意思。有些批評家認為雙

關語是最低級的幽默，但我不同意這種觀點。雙關語與其他形式的幽默相比需要更細微、更巧妙的語言技巧；然而，簡單的雙關語甚至很小的孩子也能利用。例如，謎語或腦筋急轉彎問題常使用雙關語做鋪墊、制造故事情節，而且更多地是用在妙語部分。雙關語是我最早懂得的幽默。記得大約在五歲時我聽到了下面這個謎語。一個人問：“什么東西整個兒是黑的、白的和紅的？”另外一個人通常猜不出來，于是問道：“我不猜了。是什么呀？”出謎語的人回答：“是報紙。”如果你知道在英語中“red（紅色）”和“read（讀）”的讀音一樣但意思完全不同，答案就很明顯了。12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES（法語中的“一語雙關”）是雙關語的特殊形式, 其中的詞或短語有雙重意思。兩個意思往往很不相同，一個比較恰當，另一個往往比較粗俗—但并不總是這樣。我喜歡那個關于一位中學教師和校長因看見學生在學校操場上接吻而感到擔心的故事。故事并不過火。那位教師對學生們說；“我和校長已經決定停止在學校操場上接吻。”聽到笑聲，她意識到她沒有把意思表達清楚，于是補充說：“我的意思是不能再在我們的鼻子下面發生接吻這樣的事了。”當然，這個解釋并沒有糾正她的第一句話，反而使這個笑話的雙重含義變得更加好笑。一些專業的幽默家認為如今的幽默大多缺乏智慧，不夠巧妙。他們不喜歡在幽默中過多使用有色情意味或粗俗的語言，而且覺得大多數幽默家缺乏創造性。的確，現在有些幽默令人震驚，但我認為這不是幽默的過錯。幽默本身是活潑健康的，它還會繼續生存下去，只因為每天都有有趣的事情發生。一些有幽默感的人會看到聽到這些有趣的事情，并把它們編成妙趣橫生、令人開心的笑話和故事。

Unit 2

便箋的力量 我當體育編輯，最早是為蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州）的《企業導報》工作，當時我很少收到體育迷的來信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封來信把我吸引住了。打開來信，我看到了下面的話：“關于老虎隊的述評很不錯，再接再厲。”簽名的是體育編輯堂?沃爾夫。當時我只是一個十幾歲的小伙子（為每一豎欄寫一英寸文字，稿酬總計達15美分），因此他的話最鼓舞人心了。我把這封信一直放在書桌的抽屜里，后來它的邊角都卷起來了。每當我懷疑自己不是當作家的料時，重溫一下堂的便箋，就又會樹起信心來。后來，我逐漸對堂有所了解，知道給各行各業的人寫快捷而鼓舞人心的便箋是他養成的習慣。他告訴我說：“當我使別人充滿信心時，我也感覺好極了。” 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75歲。電話與悼函像潮水般涌向報社，都來自于曾經得到過他激勵（文字）的人們。多年來，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他們關心別人，常寫一些鼓舞人心的話語，因為我覺得，他們這樣做是很有意義的。在這樣一個慣于冷漠、無動于衷的世界上，這種便箋給人們帶來了溫暖和安慰。我們都時不時地需要鼓勵，大家知道幾行贊揚的話會改變一個人的一天，甚至一生。那么，這些激勵人心的便箋的作者為什么寥若晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避寫，是因為他們太看重人們的看法。他們擔心會被誤解，怕別人覺得他們自作多情或者言不由衷。還有，寫也要花時間，遠不如打電話方便。當然打電話的缺點是：說過的話留不住。而一張便箋使我們的良好意愿顯得更加珍貴。便箋是白紙黑字記錄在案的東西，而且我們寫下的字可以反復閱讀，細細品味并珍藏起來。盡管寫便箋會多花一些時間，但一些非常忙的人也在這么做，其中包括喬治?布什。有人說，他政治上的成功在很大程度上歸功于他那枝隨時準備寫字的筆。這是怎么回事呢？在他整個職業生涯中，每次與人們接觸之后，他幾乎都隨后寫封信，內容親切——一句贊美之辭，一行表揚的話，或一段感謝語。他不僅寫給朋友和同事，還寫給萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借傘給他的人，后來收到他熱情的贊揚信，感到很驚訝。那些通常做作的公司高層經理們，其領導作風只能被形容為強硬、冷漠、脫離群眾。甚至這些人也開始學習寫便箋去鼓舞人心，且從中獲益匪淺。唐納德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天寫便箋鼓勵同事當作一件日常工作。該公司在80年代時走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功勞。“我只不過匆匆地在備忘錄或信的角上寫一些鼓舞人心的話，然后傳遞出去，”他說道。“每天最重要的一段時間，就是鼓舞那些為你工作的人的那10分鐘。” “太多的時候，”他發表自己的看法說，“那些我們真正喜歡的人并不知道我們是怎么看待他們的。太多的時候，我們會以為，我并沒有說過什么批評的話，為什么非得去說好話呢？我們忘了，人類需要正面的肯定或鼓勵——事實上，我們靠這個取得進步，獲得成功！” 怎樣才能寫出振奮精神、溫暖人心的信呢？只要我們懷有要表示感激之情的心愿。寫這種便箋的高手都具有我所謂的 “４S”技巧。１）真誠(sincere)。沒人要聽虛假的贊美。２）簡短(short)。如果不能用三句話表達出你的意思，你很可能過火了，寫得太長。３）具體(specific)。贊揚一位業務伙伴 “演講精彩”太籠統含糊；告訴他“關于沃倫?巴菲特的投資策略講得很精彩”才是一語中的。４）自然(spontaneous)。這使得便箋充滿了生氣，洋溢著熱情，并使讀者的心靈長久地感受這種生氣和熱情。16 當你非得到處找寫信用品時，寫出來的東西就難以自然，因此我總是把紙、信封和郵票放在手邊，甚至在旅行時也是如此。信封信箋不需要很花哨，重要的是要表達的思想。17 那么，你周圍又有誰值得你寫便箋表示感謝或鼓勵呢？一位鄰居？為你服務的那位圖書館管理員？一位親戚？你的市長？你的伙伴？一位教師？你的醫生？你不必富有詩意。如果你需要一個寫的理由，就找一個生活中的重要事件，例如你們共同參加的某個特殊事件的周年紀念日、生日或者節日。例如，過去的25年里，我總是為遠方的朋友每年準備一張圣誕卡，而且常常在上面親筆寫上一句感謝或祝賀的話。鑒于圣誕節的氛圍，就一年來所取得的成功與得到的好運特意表示謝忱似乎是最恰到好處的。不要吝嗇你的贊美之言。像“最了不起的”、“最聰明的”、“最漂亮的”這種最高級的表達法——使大家都感到高興。即使你的贊美之詞稍稍超前了一點也沒關系，記住，夢想的實現往往孕育于期望之中。今天，我收到了以前的老板和精神導師諾曼?文森特?皮爾的一封溫暖的贊揚信。這張小小的便箋上滿是鼓舞人心的詞句，這促使我坐到了打字機前來完成幾封我早就該寫的信。我不知道這些信會不會使別人的一天別有意義，但是，對我自己確實如此。正如我的朋友堂?沃爾夫所說的：使別人充滿信心，也就使我自己感覺很好。

Unit 3

從文化角度看性別角色 在過去的幾十年里，已經無數次地證實了這樣一個事實：構成男子陽剛之氣和女子陰柔之氣的各種不同類型的行為、情感、和興趣都既是遺傳又是文化熏陶的結果。在成長的過程中，每個孩子學會了細微的行為舉止，數量之多數以百計，這一切都帶有文化的烙印，成了他們性別特征的一部分。有些行為舉止是直接學到的。也就是說，別人教孩子如何恰如其分地行事, 男有男的規矩, 女有女的標準。另一些跟性別有關的具體舉止是無意識地或間接地學會的，因為文化為女孩子和男孩子提供的形象、向往的目標以及成人的榜樣各不相同。例如，最近對美國公立學校的一項研究顯示，在教育中存在一種男孩比女孩更受偏愛的文化偏見。據研究人員反映，這種偏愛是無意的、不知不覺的，但它確實存在，并每年都在影響著數百萬計學生的生活。為了研究在教育中存在的性別偏愛，戴維?賽德克博士和邁拉?賽德克博士夫婦錄制了教師在課堂上課的情形。他們的研究顯示，許多自認為無性別偏愛的教師驚奇地發現，從錄像帶上看他們竟是那么偏心。從幼兒園到研究生課程，都可以看到教師們請男生回答問題的次數遠比女生多。這對學習過程有著巨大的影響，因為總的來說，那些積極的課堂活動參與者對學習更加樂觀有信心，并能在今后取得更大的成就。事實上，在20世紀60年代末期，當美國東北部多所最好的女子學院向男生開放之后，教授們和女學生們都發現男孩們正在“接管”課堂討論，而女生積極參與的程度則明顯下降。近年來，在法學院和醫學院的課堂上也發現了類似的情況：與男生相比女生處于次要的地位。賽德克夫婦所做的研究顯示，教師有時候會按照固有的性別模式給女孩子和男孩子不同布置的任務，這樣便不知不覺地使女孩子不能像男孩子一樣積極地參與。例如，有位教師在給幼兒園的孩子上自然科學課時，不斷地讓小男孩去操作科學“實驗”，而讓女孩子只是做一些安放材料的工作。既然使用課堂材料動手操作是早期教育的一個重要方面，這些女孩子就這樣被剝奪了重要的學習經歷，這會影響到她們今后的整個人生。美國教師中一個具有代表性的想法是，男孩擅長數學和自然科學，這些學科都是“難懂的”、“適合于男性的”，而女孩會在語言和閱讀技能上比男孩強。這是教育中性別偏見的另一種表現。結果美國的男孩們確實在閱讀上出了問題，而在數學方面女孩盡管在九歲以前一直比男孩強，但此后卻落在了他們后面。這成了預言自我應驗的一個例子。然而這些特征是文化造成的，而非遺傳的原因。例如，在德國，讀書學習都被看作是“適合于男性的”，于是在閱讀上有問題的便是女孩子了。而在日本，由于早期教育似乎不分性別，女孩和男孩在閱讀上就旗鼓相當。在教育過程中對女孩和男孩的不同態度始于家庭。例如，有一項研究顯示了這樣一種情況：讓學齡前兒童看一幢房子的圖片，然后要他們說出家里允許他們走開多遠，這時男孩所指的范圍要比女孩大得多，女孩指出的范圍很有限，而且離家很近。女孩們不像男孩那樣受到鼓勵去發展求知欲和動手能力，盡管這些正是與外部世界打交道時有用的；對女孩灌輸的結果是：對自己家外面的世界充滿了恐懼，且期望別人對自己的優良品格和循規蹈矩的服從精神加以認可。這類教誨從家庭一直延續到課堂。于是，在課堂里我們常常可以看到女孩們更依賴教師，更注重作業的形式和整

潔而非內容，更在乎她們所給的答案是否“正確”而不在乎智力方面的獨立自主以及分析能力和創造能力的提高。教育過程占據了孩子除睡眠以外的大部分時間，社會則通過這一過程加強了它固有的價值觀，并按其傳統的、期望的模式造就了不同性別的人。

Unit 4

關于創造力的培養——鼓勵孩子思考 教育界和商業界的專家們說, 具有創造性是通向光明前程的關鍵。本文將介紹一下學校和家長如何才能鼓勵孩子發展這一至關重要的能力。如果1925年迪克?德魯聽從了他老板的意見，也許我們就不會有遮護膠帶這種用品 了。現在我們幾乎離不開它。德魯當時就職于“明尼蘇達制造和礦業公司”，通常稱為3M公司。在工作中，他研制了一種用于膠帶有黏性那面的物質，黏性很強，能使物體粘在一起。但是老板卻不讓他做進一步的研究。最后德魯只好利用自己的時間改進了這種膠帶。這種膠帶現已被人們廣泛使用。而他原來工作過的3M公司也從自己的失誤中吸取了教訓：現在該公司鼓勵員工抽出15%的工作時間專門用來開動腦筋搞創新。現在這種策略已被越來越多的公司所采用，而且全國各地的專家認為，對待孩子也應仿效這種做法，無論是在家里還是在學校。他們認為，如果我們教育孩子進行創造性思維，他們就能在明天的社會中更好地發揮作用。受益于創造性的不只限于音樂和藝術領域。能取得成功的學生和成人都是那些會尋求各種辦法解決問題的人。5 創造性并非與生俱來，也不一定就是高智慧的特征。一個人智力高并不意味著他必然能創造性地發揮才智。創造性是指能利用已有的資源想出新點子，而這些點子有助于解決某方面的問題。遺憾的是，學校還沒有想到要促使學生發揮創造性。許多教育者十分看重考試分數，強調閱讀、寫作和數學能力，往往因追求正確的答案而犧牲了對創造性的培養。其結果是，孩子們能夠反饋所學的知識，卻不知道如何靈活地應用知識。比如，他們可能熟記乘法表，卻不會用它來解決數學應用題。然而，在有些學校里，教育者們正逐漸認識到這一問題，并致力于研究能啟發學生創造性的新的教學方法。一些教師把基礎知識和要求學生發揮想象力的活動結合起來。比如，教師不再簡單地問學生哥倫布何時發現了新大陸，他們可能讓學生思考如果哥倫布首先到達的不是加勒比地區而是紐約，情況會是如何。要回答這一問題，學生必須應用自己掌握的關于哥倫布、紐約和加勒比地區的知識。教師們認為即便學生的回答會很可笑，也毫無關系，這也許是通向創造性的重要一步。專家認為，在課堂以及在家里，必須允許孩子們有些荒唐的念頭。家長和教師們則有責任和孩子共同努力，使那些念頭成為切實可行的建議。最好的辦法是通過提問來鼓勵孩子，同時對他們的想法和新點子表示贊賞。專家認為必須創造一個可以自由發揮創造力的氛圍，一個尊重和贊賞而不是鄙視或不理會荒誕想法的環境。8 在家里，家長可以做一些鼓勵孩子發揮創造力的事情。如果遇到合適的問題，家長可以就該問題征求孩子的意見，讓他們參與決策。家長可以幫助孩子了解不同的決策將會帶來的各種后果。家長還應鼓勵孩子大聲談論他們正在做的事情。思維能力和語言能力是緊密相關的。大聲地談論有助于提高語言能力和思維能力。具有幽默感對于開發孩子的創造力也非常重要。當家長表現出幽默時，孩子們就看到了最地道的創造性。從本質上看，幽默跨越了常規界限，打破了固有模式。要創造往往也得如此。給孩子一些選擇的余地也很重要。應該允許孩子自己做決定并清楚其后果，要讓孩子從盡可能早的年齡開始這樣做。做決定有助于培養思維能力，即便只是在午餐的兩種食物的選擇上做決定也行。隨著孩子慢慢長大，家長應讓孩子自己做主支配時間或金錢；當他們作出錯誤的決定時，不要不假思索地給予過多的幫助。這種做法可能會使孩子迷惑不解，但這沒有關系。因為富有創造力的人有很強的動力，使他們能夠從混亂中創造秩序。這是他們的一個最重要的特點。

Unit 6

風險與你 在說不定的某個時候，我們大家都曾充當過疑病癥患者的角色,只憑一些輕微的癥狀便懷疑自己得了某種可怕的病。有的人只要一聽說一種新的疾病，就會去檢查，看自己是否可能患了這種病。然而，對疾病的恐懼并非我們唯一的恐懼。同樣，患病的危險也并非我們唯一會遇上的危險。現代生活中充滿了各種各樣的威脅，諸如對我們生命的威脅，對我們平和心境的威脅，對我們家人的威脅，對我們未來的威脅。從而產生了好些問題，我們不得不問自己：我買的食品安全嗎？給孩子們的玩具會傷害他們嗎？我們家的人是不是不該吃熏肉？我度假時會不會遭搶劫？我們的疑

慮就無休止地增加。對生活中風險的擔憂與疑病癥有相似之處；二者的恐懼或憂慮皆起因于信息不全面。但二者之間也存在一個明顯的差別。疑病癥患者通常可以求助于醫生，以便澄清疑慮——要么你得了你所懷疑的疾病，要么你沒得。但當涉及到其它形式的風險時，事情就要困難得多，因為對許多風險來說，情況并不那么簡單。風險幾乎總是一個可能性的問題而無確定性可言。你也許會問：“我該不該系安全帶？”如果你坐的車要與其它車正面相撞，那當然該系安全帶。倘若你的車側面被撞，結果你被困在車里，又因安全帶裝置遭破壞而無法掙脫，那怎么辦呢？這是否意味著你該再花些錢在車內安一個保險氣袋呢？同樣，在正面相撞的情況下，保險氣袋完全可以救你一命。但是，萬一正當你在高速公路上開車時，保險氣袋突然意外充氣膨脹，從而導致了本來絕不會發生的事故，那又該如何是好？ 上面說的這一切，只是從另一角度說明我們所做的事沒有一件是百分之百安全的。有些風險——常常是潛在的重大風險——與我們的每個業余愛好、所做的每項工作、所吃的每種食物有關，換句話說，與所進行的任何活動有關。但我們又不能，也不該因危險存在于我們將要做的每件事，而變成戰戰兢兢的神經癥患者。有些活動是比其它活動更危險。關鍵在于要讓自己了解相應的風險，然后相機行事。例如，兩車相撞時，大車總的說來要比小車安全些。可究竟能安全多少呢？答案是這樣：在一起嚴重的車禍中坐小車喪生的可能性是坐大車的兩倍左右。然而，大車通常比小車貴（并且消耗更多的汽油，由此給環境帶來了更大的風險！）。那么我們該怎樣確定什么時候值得為降低風險增加花費呢？例如，避免風險最保險的做法也許是去買一輛坦克或裝甲車，從而把撞車時死亡或受傷的風險降到最小。然而，即便你買得起，這筆額外的費用以及忍受坦克或裝甲車所帶來的不便是否值得呢？ 在我們尚不知所涉及的風險程度之前，我們還無法回答這些問題。那么，我們該如何去衡量風險程度呢？有些人似乎認為答案只不過是一個簡單的數字。例如，我們知道每年大約有25,000 人死于車禍。相比之下，每年只有大約300人死于礦山事故和災難。這難道就意味著乘坐汽車要比采礦危險得多嗎？未必。事實是，在美國每年大約有兩億人經常性地以車代步；而大概只有70萬人從事采礦作業。我們評估一種風險時，所需要的有關數字是一個比率或分數。該分數的分子告訴我們在某個特定時期由于從事某種特定活動而喪生或受傷的人數；其分母告訴我們在這一時期從事這種活動的總人數。這樣，所有的風險程度都是由比率或分數表示，其大小介于0（無風險）到1（完全風險）之間。7 通過把所有風險都簡化為這種比率或分數，我們便可以開始比較不同種類的風險，如比較采礦與乘坐汽車。這個比率越大，也就是說它越接近1，那么有關活動的風險就越大。在剛才討論的例子中，我們可以用每一活動中死亡的人數除以參與該活動的總人數，從而找出汽車旅行與采煤的相對安全性。此處，我們可以很清楚地看到，乘坐汽車旅行的風險是每一萬人中大約有一人喪生；而就采礦而言，其危險程度是每一萬礦工中大約有四人死亡。所以，盡管在車禍中喪生的人遠比采礦要多，其實后者的風險是前者的四倍。這些比率使我們能夠對毫不相干的活動或情形的危險性加以比較，即便差別如蘋果與橘子那樣大也能比較。如果你反對冒險，你就會選擇風險比率較小的活動。如果你無所畏懼，那么你往往會對高比率不太在乎，除非它們大得令人難以承受。我們一旦明白了風險是永遠無法從任何情況中完全去除的，因而就沒有絕對安全的事，我們也就會明白問題的關鍵不是要徹底避免風險，而是要理智地管理風險。風險管理需要兩大要素：常識以及與我們可能要承擔的風險的性質和程度相關的信息。

第四篇：新編大學英語第三冊作文

Unit 10Reflections on Life

The Virtues of Being Young and Being Old

Being young is a wonderful thing.We are always trying to find ways to keep ourselves young for as long as possible.When we compliment someone on their young appearance, they will feel proud and happy.Why is youth so preferred or favored? It's because youth is the bright and colorful scenery of life.Young people have glorious ideas and are full of dreams.They have energy, time and optimism.Youth is a time for realizing dreams.Looking back on one's youth will bring the finest memories.Being old is also wonderful.The aged are respected by society.They have experience so people turn to them when they are in trouble or when they need advice.Old people are a source of knowledge and experience for the young.Although they dream less than before, they're more confident about themselves thanks to their knowledge and experience.Those who worked hard when young will be able to appreciate their achievements and keep good memories of their past.Being young, we must take every opportunity to improve ourselves so that when we are old, we will have no regrets about our youth.Unit 9 Music

The Power of Music

Music is the universal language of mankind.Music is everywhere.We can hear it in restaurants, airports, railway stations, supermarkets, department stores, banks, hospitals, and many other public places.Music of all kinds is now available, and tapes and CDs are not very expensive.Music plays an important role in our everyday lives.Music can express emotions that are beyond speech and give us a better feeling about ourselves and about everything around us.It can change our attitudes towards many things.When we feel sad, music is moonlight in the gloomy night of life which can cheer us up;when we are tired and bored, music can make us relaxed, it has charms to soothe the savage breast, to soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak.When we are working or studying, music can provide us with a pleasant environment so that we can work or study more efficiently.Music can make people work faster and with more energy.The best, most beautiful, and most perfect way that we have of expressing a sweet concord of mind to each other is by music.Music can also lull the babies to sleep and can even make cows produce more milk.In a word, music is irresistible and life without music would be boring and monotonous.Unit 8Nature or Nurture

“Which Has Had More Influence on You, Heredity or Environment?”

I both benefit and suffer much from heredity.A short stout figure, an introverted personality, and unimaginative but rational mind: all of these traits come from the genes passed on to me from my parents.But family, schools, and society work together to shape what I am today.My parents are both sport lovers, which makes me fond of physical exercises and turns my frame into a strong body.My honest parents punish me severely whenever I lie or make empty promises, thus I've learned the importance of personal integrity.At school I've learned to help others, to care for others and also to improve my reasoning and understanding skills.Learning about various positive and negative examples of behavior from the media and other sources of information, I have set my own moral standards regarding what to do and what not to do, what to like and what to hate.Environment can change a person completely no matter where he was born and what he genetically inherited from his parents.Unit 7 The Joy of Travel

Traveling Is Wonderful

In school we always study hard and rarely have time for play and relaxation.During our vacation, we can do what we like.Some students go swimming, watch TV, go to the cinema, etc.But all I want to do is to travel.Traveling is interesting.You can see a lot of fascinating things and you can learn about history.Three years ago, I went to Beijing.When I was in the Summer Palace, I walked through the famous Long Corridor, admiring the beautiful pictures drawn on it.In the Imperial Palace, I saw a lot of rare treasures I had never seen before.I went to the Great Wall as well as the Ming Tombs.After visiting these famous places, I can’t help feeling proud of my great motherland.I think it is important to travel to different countries, if possible, so that you can learn about different cultures and customs.It can widen your knowledge of the world.In addition to learning new things, you can also discover the beauty of nature by yourself.When you are on the top of a mountain, you can breathe fresh air, you can see green scenery below and you can hear the sounds of nature.It is a very wonderful feeling.Now I’d like to invite you to go on a trip with me.Can you refuse?

Unit 6 Animals

Animals Should Be Trained

There are a wide variety of animals in the world.And many of them are highly intelligent.So if we train some animals to work for human beings, we can save a lot of money and manpower.First, some kinds of animals can be trained based on their capacity to do certain types of jobs better than humans.For example, since dogs have a superior ability to track down odors, we can train them to find illegal drugs, earthquake victims, or even ancient tombs.Second, some animals can even lend us their hands.The monkey is a good example.Monkeys can be trained to learn to open doors, fetch tools, bring books, etc.So they can help those who cannot move about freely because of some physical problems.Monkeys make the lives of these people happier and more comfortable.Finally, in some cases, using animals not only saves money but also trouble.Using dolphins as underwater guards can be better and cheaper than any man-made tracking devices.In a word, animals should be trained to help humans.If we train animals in the proper way, both humans and animals can get along very well.Unit 5 Language

Should Learners Aim to Speak English with a Native-Speaker Pronunciation?

In my opinion, there is no point in aiming to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation.For most people, it is a waste of time.First, language is a tool for communication among human beings.If people we meet understand what we are saying, that is all that is necessary.We do not need to imitate native speaker's pronunciation.In any case, there are many types of accents, so which one should we choose to imitate?

Second, the most important thing is how well we organize what we want to

express.Our ideas should be clear and easy to understand.To do so, we should be able to use right words and correct grammar.Third, given the fact that we live in China, it seems a little bit pointless for us to try desperately hard to get rid of our national accent in order to speak BBC English.Finally, each of us has our own style when we speak.If we can give free rein to personal style, the English-speaking world will become more colorful and more interesting.In a word, I prefer to speak with my characteristic and recognizable pronunciation, so long as listeners can understand me.Unit 4 Career Planning

Application Letter

Sample One

May 5, _____

Apartment 2E

3465 Boulevard East

Dallas, TX 75221

Fidelity National Bank

P.O.Box 42B

Dallas, TX 75221

Dear Sir or Madam:

I would like to be considered as an applicant for the teller trainee position listed in today's Dallas Tribune.I am 18 years old.I will graduate from North High School in June.Since my sophomore year, I have been taking business courses.I have taken Accounting 1 and 2, Business Law, Economics, and Word Processing.During my junior year, I participated in the Co-op Program in which I attended school one week and worked the alternate week.My work placement was at the Western Insurance Company, where I learned basic accounting procedures.I am currently employed part-time as acashier at a Pathway Supermarket.These positions helped me to develop skills and confidence for handling large sums of money.I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience.My telephone number is 775-2684.I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely,Thomas Gupton

Unit One Personality

“My Advice to Pessimists”

It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure, while optimism usually brings happiness, good health and success.Pessimists also make those around them very miserable.Therefore, pessimists should change their way of thinking and overcome the negative aspects of their personalities.Here are a few tips for them:

1.Try to smile more often.A smile has great power.It can chase sadness away.It will make you and other people feel happy.And it may even make things easier and better.Smiling in the morning makes a good beginning for the day.A smile is the most important sign of optimism.2.Build up your self-confidence.Try to discover as many of your personal strengths as you can.Then write them all down.Read them several times when you are getting ready to do something or when you are facing difficulties.Your list will help you see your abilities.3.Change your way of thinking.Don't always think that things will go wrong or that if they do there will be terrible results.Instead, convince yourself that things will improve and that you can work hard to help improve them.If you fail, think about what you have learned from the failure.If you succeed, praise yourself.Don't be too modest!There is nothing more encouraging than self-praise.Try your best to become an optimist.

第五篇：新編大學英語第一冊漢譯英練習

新編大學英語第一冊漢譯英練習1)我累了，昨晚我不該那么晚睡覺

I’m tired.I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night.2)我和鮑勃不是很熟，不過我們偶爾一起出去喝一杯

I don’t/didn’t know Bob very well ,but we go/went out for an occasional drinking together

3)我們應該到火車站接她We are supposed to meet her at the railway/train station4)你可以清楚地看到有人快要淹死，而你卻沒有采取行動救他們

You could clearly see(some)people drowning,but/and you didn’t take any action/took no action to save them.5)包括周末在內僅僅還有12天時間可以用來買圣誕禮物

Including weekends,they are only 12 more days to buy Christmas’gifes.6)如果不立即采取行動，許多種野生動物就會因饑餓而死亡。

Without immediate action ,many kinds of wild animals would did from hunger.1)那首歌總是使她回想想在芝加哥過的那個夜晚

That/The song always reminds/reminded her of the night spent in Chicago 街角處有一位警察，我便向他問路。

2)There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.3)由于天氣惡劣，今天所有去紐約的航班都延誤了。

All flights to New York today have been delayed because of the bad weather.4)誰有責任誰就必須賠償。

Whoever is responsible must/will have to pay for the damage.5)我找不到我的支票簿，我準是把它留在家里了。I can`t find my check book;/.I must have left it at home.6)到足球比賽快開始時，暴風雨已經停了。

By the time the football match was going to start ,the storm had already stopped.1)除非你有經驗，否則你得不到這份工作。

You won`t get the job unless you have/have gotthe experience.2)我把大部分時間花在研究中美文化的差異上了。

I spend most of my time on the differences between Chinese and American cultures./ Most of my time spent studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.3)這句話意思極清楚，決不會引起誤解。

The stentence/statement is so clear that it can`t cause any misunderstanding.4)他希望能夠給與她比現在更多的幫助。

He hopes to give her more help than he does./ He wishes he could give her more help than he does.5)穿上外套，否則你會感冒。Put on your coat or you will catch cold.6)她的手藏品中增加了一張畢加索的畫。She has added a Piasso to her collection.7)我沒意識到以前曾來過這兒。I am not aware of ever having been here before.8)如果你繼續對每個人這么粗魯，你很快機會發現自己什么朋友都沒有了。

You will soon find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everday.1)房間里熱極了，請把窗戶打開。It’s far too hot in the room.Open the window, please!2)半夜里拿嘈雜聲把我們弄醒了。

The noise woke us up in the middle of the night/ at the midnight.3)他不應該對我說的話表示生氣，那僅僅是玩笑而以。

He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said(my words).It was nothing more than(just,only)a joke.4)我們邀請了所有的朋友去野餐，但是由于下雨之來了一位。

We invited all our friends to the picnic,but only five of them showed up(arrived)because of the rain.=but it rained and only five of them showed up(arrived).5)她視婚姻為嚴肅的事。She views marriage as a serious thing(matter).6)令我失望的是，這部電影并不像我期望的那么好。

To my disappointment,the movie(film)didn’t live up to my expectations.1)我過去常去看電影，但現在再也沒時間了。

er have the time.2)兩個工人互相合作修理破裂的管子。

The two workers cooperated with each other to repair/fix the broken pipe.3)這是一種殘忍的做法，應該馬上停止。

This is a cruel practice which should be stopped immediately.4)你的工作的那一方面最困難，那一方面最有益。

Which aspect of your work/job is the most difficult,and which aspect(of your work/job)is the most rewarding?

5)有些人認為他很粗野，但情況并非如此。

Some people think he is rude,but that is not the case=true.6)我會盡我的所能幫忙，但我所能做的也有限。

I will help as much as I can,but there is a limit to what I can do.1)她的努力工作，使她得到了一大筆獎金Her hard work resulted in a big bonus for her.2)孩子們正在觀看飛機起飛和著

陸。The children are/were watching the plane(s)take off and land.3)我總是一上船就暈。As soon as I am on board a ship,I always feel sick.、4)博物館的公眾開放的第一天，總共有20,000人參觀。

On the first day when it was open to the public, a total number of 20,000 people visited the museum.5)委員會由科學家和工程師組成。

The committee consists of(is made up of)scientists and engineers.6)工作沒有完成我不剛回家。

With the job/work unfinished,I dare not go home /I did not dare to go home.1）我們正在考慮賣房子。We are considering selling the house.2）我建議先把它等一會兒，然后再作決定。

I suggest(that)he(should)wait a while(moment)before he makes the decision.3）明天約翰很可能來參加聚會。John is very likely to come to the party tomorrow.4）我們想知道她不接受這份工作的原因。

We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job(work)

5）你本不應該再回到那棟還在燃燒的大樓，你有可能會被嚴重燒傷的..You shouldn’t have gone to the burning building,for you might have been seriously(badly)burnt.6)我從來沒有想過會有問題。

The thought/It never crossed my mind that there might be a problem.1)第二次世界大戰發生于1945World War II took place in 1945.2)我爺爺喝酒喝得厲害My grandfather drinks a great deal.3)到65歲的時候，他仍在工作He was still working by the age of 65.4)這個老師知道他所有學生的名字The teacher knows all his students by name.5)警察最終成功破解了這個疑案

The police have finally succeeded in solving the mystery.6)他喜歡各種體育運動，特別是籃球

He like all kinds of sports,but most of all, baskeball.7)打電話和面對面說話不一樣

Talking on the phone is different from talking face to face/.8)他們因為有共同的興趣愛好而相愛

They fell in love with each other because they had common interests.1)The topic of the speech is announced a week in advance,but the name of the speaker is not.2)It seemed incredible that some students still played football before the exams.3)Mr.Auden is a happy man who derives pleasure from helping others.4)Two Americans shared last year’s Nobel Prize for Medicine.5)First of all I’d like to welcome you to the meeting.6)I’m not accustomed/used to such luxury.It’s a waste of money.7)The results of the exam will be put up on Friday afternoon.8)Some cruel experiments on animals are carried out in the name of science.1)The best way to lose weight is to avoid eating fatty foots.2)One of the main causes of hunger used to be lack of transportation.3)Wasterful packaging will add to the price of food/food price.4)Economic reform would not have been successful without the development of agriculture.5)The farmers will grow more cash crops next year instead of grains.6)At present,there are still places in the world where farmers make use of animal labour.