第一篇:同位語從句用法小結(jié)
同位語從句用法小結(jié)
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。在使用同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下五個(gè)方面:
一、常見帶有同位語從句的抽象名詞
advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim(聲明、主張),conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement(聲明、陳述),suggestion,thought,warning,wish,word
二、同位語從句連接詞的選用
在英語中,引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞(that,whether),連接代詞(what ,who等)連接副詞(how,when,where)。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.The question who should do the work requires consideration.I have no idea what he is doing now.。
We came to the decision that we must act at once.He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提議會(huì)議延期。
There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。
He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.It's a question how he did it.那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題
注:在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接;在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如:
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise.三、同位語從句在句中的位置
1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。例如:
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.2.有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后,而被別的詞語隔開,在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。例如:
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.據(jù)說他高考又落榜了。
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003.消息傳來,中國于2003年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。
四、同位語從句的語氣
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議;命令;要求”的名詞后,同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個(gè)星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。
五、同位語從句與定語從句的用法區(qū)別
區(qū)別(1)that在同位語從句中沒有詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成分;而在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等句子成分。
區(qū)別(2)同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系;而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞,是從屬的關(guān)系。
區(qū)別(3)whether,what,how可以用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句;而它們不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。
第二篇:2007高考復(fù)習(xí)同位語從句用法匯總
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同位語從句用法匯總
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一,也是中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一。在使用同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下五個(gè)方面:
一、同位語從句在句中的位置
1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。
例如:
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息,他說他今天下午不能來看你了。
2.有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后,而被別的詞語隔開,在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。
例如:
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.據(jù)說他高考(高考新聞,高考說吧)又落榜了。
二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)
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同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式,并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。例如:
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來?
Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答應(yīng)我,你今天晚上要來參加我們的晚會(huì)。
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003.消息傳來,中國于2003年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。
三、同位語從句連接詞的選用
在英語中,引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞(that,who,whether),連接副詞(how,when,where)等。例如:
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對(duì)你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該做這項(xiàng)工作,這個(gè)問題需要考慮。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我們還沒有決定到什么地方去度暑假。
注:在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接;在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如:
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We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我們相信張衛(wèi)會(huì)守信的。同位語從句:that
有些名詞的后面可以接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句:
We came to the decision that we must act at once.我們做出決定:我們必須立即行動(dòng)。
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提議會(huì)議延期。
There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。
以下名詞常用于以上句型:
advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word 同位語從句:whether
whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,而定語從句不能用whether作為引導(dǎo)詞。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.他還沒有做出決定是否去那里。
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I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.他是否適合這件工作我有點(diǎn)懷疑。同位語從句:what
what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,而定語從句不能用what作為引導(dǎo)詞
I have no idea what he is doing now.我不知道他現(xiàn)在在干什么。同位語從句:how
how可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,而定語從句不能用how作為引導(dǎo)詞
It’s a question how he did it.那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題。同位語從句:who等
who,whom,which,when,where,why用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句
The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該干這項(xiàng)工作,這個(gè)問題需要考慮。
She raised the question where we could get the fund.她提出這個(gè)問題:我們到哪兒去搞這筆資金。
四、同位語從句的語氣
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議;命令;要求”的名詞后,同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。
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The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。
The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個(gè)星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。
五、同位語從句與定語從句的用法區(qū)別
區(qū)別(1)
同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系;而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞,是從屬的關(guān)系。
區(qū)別(2)
that在同位語從句中沒有詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成分;而在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等句子成分。
區(qū)別(3)
whether,what,how可以用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句;而它們不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。
區(qū)別(4)
1.從詞義角度看問題
who,whom,which,when,where,why用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句是保持原來疑問詞的含義;它們用來引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),不具有疑問詞的含義。2.從搭配角度看問題
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who,whom,which,when,where,why用來引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)性很強(qiáng),如:
先行詞是“人”,引導(dǎo)詞用“who”等,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句是先行詞通常是“question,idea,doubt等”。
六、典型例題
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.析:he will be back意義不完整,應(yīng)加“什么時(shí)候”的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.析:he went home意義不完整,應(yīng)加“如何”的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)
A.while B.that C.when D.as
析:答案為B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容,且Information不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:
It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as
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析:答案為B.that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語,且information在從句中作主語,所以該句為定語從句。
例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案為B.分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知,該句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為a terrible noise,且它在從句中作主語。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:
I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案為D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容,且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語從句。
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第三篇:淺議同位語從句
淺議同位語從句
夏文華(河北省遷安市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校 郵政編碼:064400)
摘要:同位語從句是中學(xué)階段比較常見的語法現(xiàn)象,為了使學(xué)生更好地理解并掌握這一語法現(xiàn)象,本文從同位語從句的含義、正確運(yùn)用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞以及同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別等幾個(gè)方面對(duì)同位語從句進(jìn)行了探討和分析。
關(guān)鍵詞:同位語從句,同位語從句是中學(xué)階段比較常見的語法現(xiàn)象,由于與定語從句位置相同,且漢語中沒有相同的概念,因此很多學(xué)生對(duì)于這一語法現(xiàn)象理解不夠透徹,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)總是較難掌握。筆者結(jié)合自己多年的教學(xué)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)這一語法現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行一下分析。
一、同位語從句
1.所謂同位語,顧名思義,就是位于名詞或代詞后,對(duì)之起進(jìn)一步解釋說明作用的詞,如果起此作用的不是一個(gè)詞而是一個(gè)句子,那么這個(gè)句子就叫做同位語從句。
2.常跟有同位語從句的名詞:ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。
例如:人教版高中英語教材第一冊(cè)Unit 3課文中的句子: The name “whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly(.Page 17)又如Page 27: There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.3.常用連接詞:同位語從句一般由that, where, when, why, how, who, what等引導(dǎo)。
如人教版高中英語教材第二冊(cè)Unit 5中的句子:The idea that England stands for Fish & Clips, Speaker’s Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.(Page 35)。同位語有一個(gè)典型句型I have no idea結(jié)構(gòu),有的人把這個(gè)句型列入賓語從句的范疇,因?yàn)镮 have no idea意思就是I don’t know...。但是嚴(yán)格的從語法角度來看還應(yīng)該屬于同位語從句。
I have no idea where I should go.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.有時(shí)候主句的謂語比較短,同位語從句比較長,這個(gè)從句就不一定緊接在它所說明的名詞后面。如:Word(消息)came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.二、同位語從句和定語從句的比較
1.從位置上看。同位語從句與定語從句在句中的位置都是在名詞后,不同之處在于:定語從句對(duì)對(duì)它前面的名詞起修飾限制的作用,屬于形容詞性從句;同位語從句主要是對(duì)它前面的名詞進(jìn)行解釋和說明,屬于名詞性從句。例如人教版 高中英語教材第二冊(cè)Unit 14有這樣一個(gè)同位語從句: It’s a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.(Page 13)。又如The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2、從連接詞that上看。在同位語從句中,that是連詞,在從句中只起連接作用,不作句子成分,沒有實(shí)在意義,但是不能省略。如人教版高中英語教材第一冊(cè)Unit 16中的句子: Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.(Page 23)。在定語從句中,that是關(guān)系代詞,在從句中起連接作用,并充當(dāng)從句中的句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)。that作賓語時(shí)可以省略,同時(shí)指代先行詞。如:The book(that)she lent me is interesting.3、從內(nèi)容上看。對(duì)于有些名詞后既可以帶有定語從句,又可以帶有同位語從句的情況,一般是根據(jù)從句和名詞的關(guān)系來進(jìn)行判斷,如果是對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步的闡明,則是同位語從句,反之則是定語從句,另外還可以從名詞本身的意思來進(jìn)行判斷,帶有同位語從句的名詞一般為抽象名詞,而定語從句幾乎可以修飾任何名詞。
比較:
(1)The suggestion(that)she has given at the meeting is good.(定語從句)(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.(同位語從句)(1)句中that she has given at the meeting這個(gè)從句說明了是她提出的建議,不是別人的建議,也就是限定了the suggestion的范圍,但并沒有說明建議的內(nèi)容,從結(jié)構(gòu)上分析,that是give的賓語,所以這個(gè)從句是定語從句。
(2)句的that she should stay in the room這個(gè)從句說明了建議的內(nèi)容,同時(shí),that只起連詞作用,在從句中既不是主語,也不是賓語,但不能省略,所以它是同位語從句。
又如:(1)The news that the teacher told us is very exciting.(2)The news that our team had won the game is exciting.通過同樣的辦法我們可以判斷(1)句中劃線部分為定語從句,(2)句中劃線部分為同位語從句。
很多學(xué)生認(rèn)為英語中的語法現(xiàn)象有的很相似,不易區(qū)分,其實(shí)任何一種語言中的語法現(xiàn)象都不是完全相同的,而是有區(qū)別的,只要我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中多注意,多觀察,認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會(huì)并分析,相信一定能夠區(qū)分并能很好運(yùn)用。
參考書目: 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社《使用英語語法》張道真編著
高等教育出版社 《高級(jí)英語語法》薄冰主編
人民教育出版社
普通高級(jí)中學(xué)英語教科書
作者姓名:夏文華
聯(lián)系電話:*** 通訊地址:河北省遷安市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校 郵政編碼:064400
第四篇:名詞性從句 同位語從句用法詳解
名詞性從句 同位語從句用法詳解(例句豐富)
一、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that,whether,連接代詞和連接副詞等。
1.由that引導(dǎo)
We heard the news that our team had won.我們聽到消息說我們隊(duì)贏了。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不實(shí)。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那筆錢不見了這一事實(shí)并不意味著是被偷了。
He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.他提到了哥白尼關(guān)于地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的說法。
【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如:
They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他們面對(duì)廢除這個(gè)稅的要求。
They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他們表示希望她接受這筆獎(jiǎng)金。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允許婦女參加這個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)的決議通過了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他們希望你作主要發(fā)言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略,但在非正式文體中也可以省去。如:
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱,給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。
2.由whether引導(dǎo)
There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否會(huì)來還不一定。
Answer my question whether you are coming.你回答我的問題:你來不來。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.這個(gè)是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問題。
【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
3.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎?
From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters.After that I went back to work in a factory.Then I had no idea what a casino was.從1985年到1990年我是地方黨部的教員。隨后我回到一家工廠工作。當(dāng)時(shí)我不知道賭場是什么樣的地方。
4.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)
I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。It is a question how he did it.那是一個(gè)他如何做的問題。
He had no idea why she left.他不知道她為什么離開。
You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我多著急!
二、關(guān)于分離同位語從句
有時(shí)同位語從句可以和同位的名詞分開。如:
The story goes that he beats his wife.傳說他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽車。
The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.謠傳這里要蓋一所新學(xué)校。
Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.有傳言說史密斯一家要離開這座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.不久命令下來,所有居民都必須撤出村子。(G31)
二、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
1.意義的不同
同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的,它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號(hào);而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來:
We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)
We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語從句)2.引導(dǎo)詞的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。
3.引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同
that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。
4.被修飾詞語的區(qū)別
同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外,when和where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)卻不一定;又如why引導(dǎo)定語從句,它通常只修飾名詞the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)則不一定:
I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來。(同位語從句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句)
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我們不明白這個(gè)問題,為什么這是最好的選擇。(同位語從句)
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能來開會(huì),原因是他生病了。(定語從句)
第五篇:高考英語同位語從句用法教案
高考英語同位語從句用法教案
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一,也是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一。在使用同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下五個(gè)方面:
一、同位語從句在句中的位置
1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。
例如:
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息,他說他今天下午不能來看你了。
2.有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后,而被別的詞語隔開,在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。
例如:
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.據(jù)說他高考(高考
新聞,高考說吧)又落榜了。
二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)
同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式,并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。例如:
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來?
Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答應(yīng)我,你今天晚上要來參加我們的晚會(huì)。
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15,2003.消息傳來,中國于2003年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。
三、同位語從句連接詞的選用
在英語中,引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞(that,who,whether),連接副詞(how,when,where)等。例如:
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對(duì)你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該做這項(xiàng)工作,這個(gè)問題需要考慮。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我們還沒有決定到什么地方去度暑假。
注:在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接;在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如:
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我們相信張衛(wèi)會(huì)守信的。同位語從句:that
有些名詞的后面可以接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句:
We came to the decision that we must act at once.我們做出決定:我們必須立即行動(dòng)。
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提議會(huì)議延期。
There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。
以下名詞常用于以上句型:
advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word 同位語從句:whether
whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,而定語從句不能用whether作為引導(dǎo)詞。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.他還沒有做出決定是否去那里。
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.他是否適合這件工作我有點(diǎn)懷疑。同位語從句:what
what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,而定語從句不能用what作為引導(dǎo)詞
I have no idea what he is doing now.我不知道他現(xiàn)在在干什么。同位語從句:how
how可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,而定語從句不能用how作為引導(dǎo)詞
It’s a question how he did it.那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題。同位語從句:who等
who,whom,which,when,where,why用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句
The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該干這項(xiàng)工作,這個(gè)問題需要考慮。
She raised the question where we could get the fund.她提出這個(gè)問題:我們到哪兒去搞這筆資金。
四、同位語從句的語氣
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議;命令;要求”的名詞后,同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。
The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個(gè)星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。
五、同位語從句與定語從句的用法區(qū)別
區(qū)別(1)
同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系;而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞,是從屬的關(guān)系。
區(qū)別(2)
that在同位語從句中沒有詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成分;而在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等句子成分。
區(qū)別(3)
whether,what,how可以用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句;而它們不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。
區(qū)別(4)
1.從詞義角度看問題
who,whom,which,when,where,why用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句是保持原來疑問詞的含義;它們用來引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),不具有疑問詞的含義。2.從搭配角度看問題
who,whom,which,when,where,why用來引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)性很強(qiáng),如:
先行詞是“人”,引導(dǎo)詞用“who”等,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句是先行詞通常是“question,idea,doubt等”。
六、典型例題
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.析:he will be back意義不完整,應(yīng)加“什么時(shí)候”的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.析:he went home意義不完整,應(yīng)加“如何”的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)
A.while B.that C.when D.as
析:答案為B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容,且Information不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:
It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as
析:答案為B.that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語,且information在從句中作主語,所以該句為定語從句。
例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案為B.分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知,該句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為a terrible noise,且它在從句中作主語。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:
I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案為D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容,且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語從句。