第一篇：高中語法定語從句與同位語從句（推薦）

同位語從句

1.概念：在復合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句。

2.什么是同位語？

同位語：一個名詞（或其他形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞（或其他形式）就是同位語。

3.同位語舉例

（1）Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.（2）I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.（3）But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”

（4）The girls were surprised the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.4.同位語從句與定語從句的區分。

（1）定語從句的引導詞在從句中充當一定的成分，可作主語、賓語、狀語等；而同位語從句中的引導詞在從句只起連接作用，不作任何成分.如：He is the man that never listens to any tapes

The fact that they did not finish the work has to be faced.(2)引導定語從句的關聯詞在從句中作賓語或狀語時，可以省略或被其他詞代替；而同位語從句的引導詞一般不能省略，更不能被代替.如： The news that she heard is true

The news that she will go abroad is true

（3）由when, why, where引導的定語從句分別修飾或說明表示時間、原因或地點的詞，但 它們引導的同位語從句一般不和表示時間或地點的詞同位

如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I have no idea when she will be back.

第二篇：定語從句與同位語從句(全)

教案7.21

定語從句詳細講解

一、定義及相關術語

1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3．關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有when, where, why等。關系詞通常有下列三個作用： A.引導定語從句；B.代替先行詞；C.在定語從句中擔當一個成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.該句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語從句，修飾先行詞the man，“who”是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語從句中作主語。

二、關系代詞引導的定語從句 1．who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點到大門口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我幫助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我們物理的老師。2．whom 指人，在定語從句中作賓語，?？墒÷?。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談論的那個人。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要見的男孩。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已經來了。The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老師經常表揚的那個女孩是我們的班長。注意：關系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來代替，也可省略。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴ootball is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多數男孩所喜歡的運動。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造計算機的那家公司離這兒很遠。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜歡外國作家寫的書。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.這是他昨天買的鋼筆。The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。4．that 指人時，相當于who 或whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年來參觀這座城市的人數達一百萬。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介紹給我的那個人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季節是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封來自澳 大利亞的信。5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜訪了一個全國知名的科 學家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一個爸爸當醫生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾經住在那幢屋頂已經倒塌了的房 子里。

三、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句

關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關系代詞”引出。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾經就讀過的學校很出名。Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.=Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我們將去聽那位我們經常談論的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的經理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。１.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look for，look after，take care of 等。This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)This is the watch for which I am looking.(誤)這是我正在找的手表。The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（誤）那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。２．若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who, that；關系 代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關系代詞是所有格時用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(誤)你剛才跟他談話的那個人是我的鄰居。The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(誤)我們去加拿大所乘坐的飛機實在很舒服。３．“介詞+關系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代詞或者數詞。（將先行詞帶入試試，可以看出介詞是否有問題）如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地愛著他的父 母，他們倆待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.籃子里有好些 蘋果，有些已經壞了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我們班總 共有40個學生，大多數來自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄今為止，他寫了10部小說，其中３部是關于農村生活的。

四、關系副詞引導的定語從句 1． when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我們團聚的時刻終于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你還記得在農村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？ 2． where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已經被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我參觀了那個飼養了許多奶牛的農場。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當初打敵人的地方嗎？ 3． why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.請告訴我你誤機的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。注意：關系副詞引導的定語從句經?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自從他在農村讀小學時，他就已經知道長大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他們生活的城市正發生巨大的變化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。

五、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

句型 意義 翻譯 非限制性定語從句 只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。通常譯成主句的并列句 限制性定語從句 是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。譯成先行詞的定語：“．．．的” 逗號 that 限制性定語從句舉例： 有 不可用 無 可用 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老師告訴我說 湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一個來自非洲的人。非限制性定語從句舉例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很 嚴格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中國是1949年 成立的，現在正變得越來越強大。Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held ev ery year.去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會議。

（一）只能用that引導定語從句的情況

1．當先行詞是everything, anything, nothing(除something), all, none, few, little, some等不定代詞時，或當先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.對他來說似乎世界上沒有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能為你干什么。He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在圖書館查找所需的資料。(不重要，知道就行)注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關系代詞who，如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有責任感的人都不會做這樣的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有應邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。2．當先行詞被序數詞修飾時。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。3．當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。4．當先行詞被the very（恰?。? the only（唯一）, the sane（同樣）, the last（最后）等詞修飾時。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.這正是我要買的詞典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里發生了火災過后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。（不重要，知道就行）注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關系代詞who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王華是我校唯一出席會議的人。5．當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個人是誰？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．當先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他們談論著他們所能記起的在校時的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那個沿街走來的人和他的毛驢。7.當先行詞是way，manner，measure等表示方法的詞和cause、reason、matter 等表示原因的詞時，關系代詞常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： The cause(in which)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(why)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(that)we support them is unquestionable.我們援助他們的理由是不容置疑的 She admired the way（that）they solved the questions.I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。

（二）只能使用關系詞which不使用that的情況

1.在非限制性定語從句中只能使用關系詞which,不能使用關系詞that Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，這使得它很輕。2.在“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中,只能使用關系詞which,不能使用that This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.這就是毛主席曾經住過的地方。（該句中的in which=where）

3、在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我來給你看我從新開的圖書館里借來的那本小說。注：that引導的從句修飾先行詞the novel，which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the library。

4、當關系代詞后面有插入語時。Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you, will help improve your English.這就是我跟你說過的會有助于提高你英語的那本英語語法書。注：句中倆逗號夾的那一部分就是插入語，為了不影響對句子結構的理解，看到插入語類似這種的成分可以先劃掉，去分析其他部分的句子。

5、先行詞為that時。The clock is thatwhich can tell us the time.鐘是報時的裝置。注：該句也可以換成名詞性從句“The clock is what can tell us the time.”

（三）關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句

as 和which 引導非限制性定語從句時，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況 是：

1、as 和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她結婚了，這是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.他很誠實，這一點我們看得出來。

2、as 引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至分割主句。which 引導的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country.眾所周知，中國是發展中國家。He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，這一點我們從他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，約翰是個著名作家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.張華已去過巴黎十多次了，這一點我不相信。注意：當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關系時，關系詞往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。3.當先行詞受such, the same 修飾時，關系詞常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。注意：當先行詞受the same 修飾時，偶爾也用 that引導定語從句，但與as引導的定語從句意思有區別。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的同一條連衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。

（四）關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇

用關系代詞還是關系副詞引導定語從句主要看關系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔當的成分）。試比較： A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一個我們可以野炊的地方。I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一個以自然景色優美而聞名的地方。B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永遠忘不了我們一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的日子。C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.這就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.這就是他向我解釋的他沒有參加會議的原因。

（五）but有時也用作關系詞引導定語從句 There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不贊賞他的才干的。（but = who don’t）同位語從句詳細講解

一、定義及相關術語

同位語：一個名詞或代詞后面有時跟一個名詞或起名詞作用的成分，對前者進一步說明。同位語從句一般用來解釋或說明前面名詞的具體含義或內容，在邏輯上表現為同位關系。同位語從句的引導詞有：關系代詞（that,，whether，what，which，who），關系副詞（when，where，why，how），通常由that引導。常用于同位語從句的名詞有：advice（建議），demand（要求），information（信息），news（信息），order（命令），promise（答應），request（要求），suggestion（建議），wish（希望），word(話),agreement（一致意見），assumption（假定），awareness（意識），belief（信仰），conclusion（結論），conviction（深信），decision（決定），delusion（錯覺），determination（決心），discovery（發現），doubt（懷疑），dream（夢想），evidence（證據），explanation（解釋），fact（事實），feeling（感覺），guarantee（保證），guess（猜測）,hope(希望),idea(觀點), knowledge(認識),likelihood(可能性),message(信息), mind(想法), news(消息),notion(觀念),objection(反對),opinion(觀點),possibility(可能性),prediction(預測),probability(可能性),problem(問題),proof(證據),proposal(建議),proposition(論點、主張),question(問題),realization(認識),rumor(傳聞),sign(跡象),truth(事實),theory(理論),thought(想法)，answer（回答）等等抽象名詞。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。

二、同位語從句的引導詞使用情況

1.如同位語從句意義完整，應用that引導同位語從句。（即that 不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達了戰士們立即過河的命令。解析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內容，且意義完整，因此應用that引導同位語從句。2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應用whether引導同位語從句。（if不能引導同位語從句）We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。解析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應加“是否”的含義才能表達the problem的全部內容，因此應用whether引導同位語從句。3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時候”、“什么地點”、“什么方式”等含義，應用when, where, how等詞引導同位語從句。I have no idea when he will be back.解析：he will be back意義不完整，應加“什么時候”的含義才能表達idea的全部內容，因此應用when引導同位語從句。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.解析：he went home意義不完整，應加“如何”的含義才能表達impression的全部內容，因此應用how引導同位語從句。4.當主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句可以和同位的名詞分開。同位語從句常后置。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled（逃跑）the city.The story goes that he beats his wife.傳說他打老婆。The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽 車。

三、同位語從句的語氣 在suggestion, advice, request, order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結構，句中的should可以省略。例如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。The suggestion came from the chairmanthat the new rule(should)be adopted.采納新規則的建議是主席提出來的。The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個星期內所有這些房子都要拆掉。

定語從句與同位語從句的區別

一、意義的不同 同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內容的，它與先行詞是同位關系；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它與先行詞是修飾關系。We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內容就是that he will come，故that引導的是同位語從句)We are glad at the newsthat he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)

二、引導詞的不同 what, how, if, whatever等可引導同位語從句，但不引導定語從句。定語從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，關系詞在從句中擔當相應的句子成分，關系代詞在從句中作賓語時經?？墒÷?。同位語從句主要由連詞that 引導，在從句中一般不擔當成分；有時也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等連詞引導，這些連詞則在從句中擔當成分。The news that he told me is true.（定）他告訴我的消息是真的。The news that he has just died is true.（同）他剛剛去世了，這個消息是真的。The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定)我們現在面臨的問題是如何籌集這么多資金。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同）我們如何籌集這么多資金，這個問題很難解決。

三、被修飾詞語的區別 同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where引導定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點的名詞，而它們引導同位語從句時卻不一定；又如why引導定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導同位語從句時則不一定。I have no ideawhen they will come.我不知道他們什么時候來。(同)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定)We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我們不明白這個問題，為 什么這是最好的選擇。(同)Thereasonwhy he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能來開會，原因是他 生病了。(定)

四、是否可以發展成完整句子 同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用動詞be發展成一個完整的句子, 而定語從句則不能。A.The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同）我們可以向老師請教，這個主意不錯。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同）地球圍繞太陽轉，這個事實人人皆知。The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同）請注意如何保護野生動物這個問題。The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:

1.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in London.（D）Anone of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 2.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 3.1)I have three children，and two of _____ are doctors.2)I have three children，two of ____ are doctors.A them B that C which D whom(A D)4.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.（D）A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds（引導的是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是students,指人，所以引導定語從句應該用whom，也可以說twothirdsofwhom）5.I have bought two pencils，_____ writes well.（D）A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which（都是沒有一個的意思，但none of 用于三者以上neither of 只用于兩者之間）6.These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.當先行詞被such修飾時，定語從句用as引導，即構成結構為“such+（a/an）＋形容詞＋名詞＋as”引導的定語從句，意為“......像......一樣的”。整個句子意為：這些房屋以人們原來估計的那樣低的價格出售。7.I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一題的解釋便可得知答案。as在定語從句中作賓語。整句意為：我從未聽說過像你告訴我那樣有趣的故事。8.I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.9.I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.當先行詞被same修飾時，定語從句由that或as引導，但意思不同。用that引導定語從句指同一物，而用as引導定語從句指同類事物。10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.Ａs在此引導非限制性定語從句，代表它所修飾的整個句子內容，并且它可放在所修飾句子的前、中或后面。其常見結構如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情況經常是這樣）等。如填it，則需將逗號改為that；如選D，則需將逗號改為is that。11.This is the first time ________ he has been here.（that）12.I don't like the way ________ you speak to her.（that/省略）13．This is the best factory ____we visited last year.（that）14.Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red.(whose)16.Do you know the comrade(戰友)____we are talking ? A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that 17.They visited the house ___the great writer was born.（born in 后往往接地點、年份或大地點，born on 后面往往接具體的某一天，born from表示源自……，由……而生（靈感）,born of 出生于….家庭）（B）A.from where B.in which C.which D.in where 18.The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.（who）19.He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class.（that）20.I’ll visit the professor tomorrow,______he will be back from Shanghai.(when)21.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here.(where)22.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north.(whose)23.Who is the man ____was there ?(that)24.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir?(that)25.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.(which)26.George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.27.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.(whose)28.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.(which)29.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(where)30．Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.（which）31．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.(which)32.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.(which)33.Is there anything ______ I can do for you in town? 34.All the books ______ have selected are useful ones.35.The first thing ______ we should do is to work out the plan.36.This is one of the most exciting table tennis games ______ I have ever seen.37.The last place ______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.38.They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school.39.Who ______ has seen the film doesn’t like it? 40.I’ll never forget the Sunday ______ my baby was born.41.This is the way ______ my father did this work.1.We have some doubt _____ they can complete the task on time.（whether）2.There is no doubt ______ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.（that）3.The rumour（謠言）spread _____ a new school would be built here.(that)4.Report has it ____the Smiths are leaving town.(that)5.The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.(that)判斷下列句子為定語從句還是同位語從句 1.The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定）2.The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同）3.The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定）4.The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同）

第三篇：高中語法精品學案——定語從句

2012版英語一輪語法專項精品學案：定語從句

whose 是一個表示所屬關系的詞，在定語從句中作定語，相當于my，his，her，its，their等修飾人或物。of which 可以代替whose 指物，詞序一般是名詞＋of which 或of which ＋名詞。of whom 可以代替whose 指人，詞序是名詞＋of whom。

Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.父母親在大城市里打工的許多孩子在村莊里被照顧的非常好。

The newly-built cafe，the walls of which are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.這家新建的墻體被涂成淺綠色的咖啡廳對我們而言確實是個安靜場所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。1.Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A．what

C．which

B．whose D．that 解析： 句意為：一些不是很活躍，或者他們的飲食中熱量太高的孩子會很快長胖。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為children，or 連接兩個并列的定語從句，第一個定語從句的引導詞為who，第二個引導詞為考查點，先行詞children在第二個定語從句中與從句中的主語diet形成所屬關系：children’s diet，故選擇B項。答案： B 2．The old temple________roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.A．where

C．its

B．which D．whose 解析： 句意為：那座在暴風雨中屋頂受損的古廟現在正在維修當中。本題考查定語從句的用法。此句先行詞是the old temple，代入定語從句后為：The_old_temple’s roof was damaged in a storm.由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作定語，故用關系代詞whose 引導。答案： D 3．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city.A．whom

C．them

B．which D．those 解析： 句意為：近千人在這一小社區居住，他們當中很多都是從農村老家來城市尋求更好的日子的。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為1,000 people，代入定語從句為many of 1,000 people left their village homes for a better life in the city，關系代詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語且指人，故用whom。

答案： A[來源:Z§xx§k.Com] 1．與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配。

The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.在會議中我與他談話的那個人是從北京大學來的。

注意： 但是在下面一句中for 不可以提前，因為look for 是動詞詞組。

This is the person(who/whom/that)you are looking for.[來源:Zxxk.Com][來源:學*科*網Z*X*X*K] 這就是你找的那個人。

2．與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。

He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.他架起一架望遠鏡，通過它他可以研究天空。

In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。

3．of＋which/whom表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。

1.(2011·龍巖檢測)At 13，Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，________he got a good opportunity for further development.A．after that

C．after it

B．after which D．after this 解析： 考查定語從句。after which he got a good opportunity for further development 是非限制性定語從句。答案： B 2．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.A．on which

C．to which

B．by which D．from which 解析： 句意為：風力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會再利用它?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。return to重新利用，屬于固定搭配。故排除含有介詞on，by 和from 的A、B、D項。答案： C 3．(2011·東北三校一模)There are 51 students in Class Three，________failed in the test.A．all of which

B．all of them

C．none of whom

D．none of them 解析： 考查定語從句。后半句是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞students，應用whom引導。因為前后兩句之間沒有并列連詞，所以B、D兩項不正確。答案： C point，situation，case等，從表面上看它們不是表地點的，但卻表示類似地點的意義，因此它們作先行詞時，如果引導詞在從句中作狀語，那么這個引導詞要用where；如果不作狀語，則用關系代詞that/which。It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where 作狀語)把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環境中對他們有益。

Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that 作賓語)現在只有一點我希望你弄清楚。

1.(2011·云南檢測)—Do you have anything to say for yourselves? —Yes，there’s one point________we must insist on.A．why

C．how

B．where D．/ 解析： the point 作介詞on的賓語，因此應選用關系代詞或者省略。答案： D 2． I have reached a point in my life________I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A．which

C．how

B．where D．why 解析： 句意為：我已經到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。where 引導定語從句修飾先行詞point。答案： B 3． The doctor said that the treatment would continue until the patient reached the point________he could walk correctly and safely.A．where

C．which

B．when D．that 解析： point 為先行詞，后面為定語從句，在定語從句中walk 為不及物動詞，從句不缺少賓語，且表時間故用when引導。句意為：醫生說，病人的治療要持續到他能夠安全穩當地行走為止。答案： B 1．as 與which 都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個句子的內容，有時可以互換。He married her，as(which)was natural.很自然地，他和她結婚了。

(2009·山東卷)Whenever I met her，which was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.不管我何時遇見她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，這是常事兒。2．但在下列情況下一般只能用as。

(1)as引導的定語從句可以放在句首，而which 則不能。

As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.正如我們所知，地球表面的70%以上被水覆蓋。

(2)as 表示“正如，正像”，而which 無此意。

此時，as從句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest 等單詞或短語。He came back home late，as we expected.正如我們所料，他回家晚了。

(3)當先行詞被the same，such 修飾時，定語從句需用as引導。I bought the same book as you have.我買了一本跟你一樣的書。

I’ll give you such things as you may need.我將給你你需要的東西。

He’ll marry as pretty a girl as he can find.他將與他能發現的最漂亮的女孩結婚。

(4)但是當先行詞被the same修飾時，that 也可引導定語從句，但意義有所不同。the same...as(指同樣或同類的)，the same...that(指同一個)This is the same watch as I lost.這塊表與我丟的那塊一樣。This is the same watch that I lost.這就是我丟的那塊表。

1.(2011·山東濰坊質量抽樣)Her books were all over the dining table，________meant we had to eat in the kitchen.A．which

C．that

B．what D．it 解析： 句意為：她的書擺滿了餐桌，這就意味著我們必須在廚房吃飯了。which 引導的是非限制性定語從句，代替主句所表達的整個內容。

答案： A 2．(2011·浙江金華一中月考)Mrs Black took the police back to ________ place________she witnessed the robbery.A．the same；that

B．the same；as C．the same；where

D．as the same；is 解析： 句意為：Black 夫人把警察帶到她目睹搶劫案的那個地方。可見在以the same place 為先行詞的定語從句中，從句缺少的是地點狀語，因此用where。A、B兩項中的引導詞that，as均為關系代詞，要在從句中作主語或賓語，故錯誤。答案： C 3．(2011·銀川實驗中學第一次月考)________is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.A．Which

C．That

B．As D．It 解析： as 引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在句首，which引導的定語從句不能放在主句的前面；that 不能引導非限制性定語從句。it 可以作形式主語，如果把句子中的逗號改為that，D項也正確。句意為：正像上文提到的那樣，高中生的數量在增長。答案： B 4． After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________turned out to be a wise decision.A．that

B．which D．where C．when

解析： 句意為：大學畢業之后，我休息了一段時間去旅游，結果證明這是一個明智的決定。本題考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知第二個逗號后是一非限制性定語從句，排除A項；定語從句缺主語，排除C、D兩項，先行詞是逗號前的整個句子，所以B為正確答案。答案： B 5．(2011·黃岡檢測)Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm ________few residents had ever experienced before.A．as

B．which D．that C．and it was

解析： 考查定語從句。as在此處為關系代詞，作experienced 的賓語。答案： A

6． In China，the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.A．where

C．whose

B．which D．that 解析： 句意為：在中國，城市的數量在快速地增加，其發展被世界所公認?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞為cities，代入定語從句后為：The cities’ development is recognized across the world.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作定語，故用whose。答案： C 7． I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school________I met in the English speech contest last year.A．who

B．where D．which C．when

解析： 代入定語從句后為：I met several of the students in the English speech contest last year.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，先行詞指人，故用who/whom/that引導，故答案為A。答案： A 8 That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.A．that

B．which D．what C．whose

解析： 句意為：那臺新機器的部件太小了，以至于都看不見?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞為the new machine，代入定語從句后為：the new machine’s parts are too small to be seen，可以看出the new machine 在定語從句中作定語，故用whose。答案： C 9． As a child，Jack studied in a village school，________is named after his grandfather.A．which

C．what

B．where D．that 解析： 句意為：小時候，杰克在一所鄉村學校讀書，那所學校是以他祖父的名字命名的。本題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞是a village school，代入定語從句后為：The village school is named after his grandfather.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作主語，且該從句為非限制性定語從句，故用which引導。答案： A 10． The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.A．where

C．which

B．who[來源:學,科,網] D．what 解析： 句意為：這個女孩準備在培訓中心和她姐姐一起上鋼琴課。在那里她將待一小時。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為the training centre，從句中缺少地點狀語，故選where。答案： A 11． I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.A．who

B．that C．as

D．what 解析： 句意為：我拒絕接受因為別人的錯誤而遭受的責備。本題考查定語從句關系詞的選擇。先行詞在從句中作主語，而且為不定代詞something，關系詞只能用that。答案： B 12． The house I grew up________has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A．in it

B．in D．in which C．in that

解析： 分析句子結構可知house后面有一個限制性定語從句，而且定語從句的引導詞已經省略，那么該引導詞一定在定語從句中作賓語，所以此空中要填介詞in，且其后不能再有賓語。答案： B 13． Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.A．of which

B．with which C．about which

D．into which 解析： 句意為：槍支的控制是在美國爭論了很長時間的一個話題。此題考查“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。先行詞為subject，帶入定語從句后為：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行詞在定語從句中作about的賓語，介詞about提前，故用關系代詞which。答案： C 14．A person________e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A．who

B．whom C．whose

D．whoever 解析： 句意為：一個人的電子郵件賬戶滿了，就不能收發任何郵件了。此題考查定語從句。先行詞為a person，代入定語從句后為：whose e-mail account is full.由此可見，whose在定語從句中作定語，是形容詞性的，修飾名詞。who作主語；whom作賓語；whoever連接代詞，“無論誰”，用來引導名詞性從句或狀語

從句。答案： C 15． She brought with her three friends，none of ________I had ever met before.A．them

B．who D．these C．whom

解析：

句意為：她帶了3個朋友過來，沒有一個是我曾經見過的。此題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞是her three friends，代入定語從句后為：I had ever met none of her three friends.而介詞后指人時用關系代詞whom。

答案： C 關系代詞that與which的用法區別

(1)關系代詞指代物，而引導詞只用which不用that的情況： ①關系代詞指物，作介詞賓語的時候：

This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.這是他們在過去幾周討論了多次的問題。

②關系代詞指前面的整個句子，引導非限制性定語從句時： He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考試不及格，這使他父親很生氣。

(2)that和which都指物時，在下列四種情況下只能用that而不能用which：

①當先行詞是all，everything，something，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代詞時。There was little that I could do for you.我不能為你做什么。That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要說的。②當先行詞被序數詞和形容詞最高級修飾時。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen.這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。

③當先行詞被the very，the only，the just等修飾時。

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.[來源:學#科#網Z#X#X#K] 這正是我要買的詞典。

Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一認識的外國人。

④當人和物同時作先行詞時。

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他們正在談論的人和事嗎？ ⑤當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。

Which is the bike that you lost？哪一輛是你丟失的自行車？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal？獲金牌的小男孩是誰？ 介詞＋關系代詞

(1)介詞＋關系代詞中介詞的賓語只能是which或whom。

The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告訴我的那位紳士證實是小偷。In the dark street，there wasn’t single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。

(2)當復合介詞短語＋which引導定語從句時，這種定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開，從句用倒裝語序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大樹。(3)介詞＋which/who＋不定式結構。The poor man has no house in which to live.那個可憐的人沒有房子住。

(4)of＋which/whom表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。關系代詞as引導的定語從句

關系代詞as既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。

引導限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：

其中關系代詞as在從句中擔當主語、賓語或表語。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我們已經找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料。(as作主語)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作賓語)這些房子以人們期望的低價出售。He is not the same man as he was.他和過去不同了。(as作表語)

注意：(1)such...as...(定語從句)像…… 那樣[來源:學科網ZXXK] such...that...(狀語從句)如此……以至于…… This is such an easy question as I can answer.(定語從句)這是一個我能回答的簡單問題。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.(狀語從句)這是個簡單的問題，我能回答。(2)the same...as...表示相似的東西 the same...that...表示同一人或物

This is the same knife as I lost.這把小刀和我丟的那把一樣。This is the same knife that I lost.這把小刀就是我丟的那一把。關系代詞as，which的區別

(1)as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個內容，而不是主句中的某一個詞。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2)當非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時，只能用as。

As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.＝The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.＝It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.后兩句屬名詞性從句范疇。[來源:Z§xx§k.Com](3)as意為“正如……”，后面的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意為“這一點”。

As is known to all，Edison invented the telephone.＝Edison invented the telephone，as is known to all.使用定語從句應注意的幾個問題

(1)當先行詞是way，意為“方式，方法”，在從句中作狀語，則引導定語從句的關系詞有以下三種： 我不喜歡他說話的方式。(2)注意區別先行詞和引導詞。①Is this＋名詞＋the one ＋that從句 ②Is this the＋名詞＋that從句

(3)當先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，應注意引導詞在定語從句中的成分。

Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao？你還記得我們一起在青島度過的日子嗎？ Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你還記得我們在青島過暑假的日子嗎？

(4)當先行詞為case，point，position，situation等詞且關系詞在從句中作狀語時，常用where引導定語從句。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他們已經到了必須彼此分手的地步。定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致

當引導定語從句的關系代詞在從句中作主語時，那么定語從句中的謂語動詞的數的形式應與先行詞保持一致。

(1)one of＋復數名詞＋關系代詞＋復數動詞

He is one of the students who pass the exam.(2)the only one of＋復數名詞＋關系代詞＋單數動詞 He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.他是唯一通過考試的學生。

(3)其他情況

I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老師，將盡力幫你。

Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about？你聽說過正在被談論的這些人和事嗎？ 1． It’s helpful to put children in a situation________they can see themselves differently.A．that B．when D．where C．which

【解析】 句意為：把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環境中對他們有益。本題考查定語從句，先行詞是situation，代入定語從句后為：They can see themselves differently in_the_situation.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，故用關系副詞；而when表“時間”，不合本題要求，只有where符合本題要求?！敬鸢浮?D 2． Whenever I met her，________was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.A．who B．which D．that C．when

【解析】 此處考查which引導非限制性定語從句。句意為：無論何時我遇見她，她都會一如既往地向我 微笑。【答案】 B 3． The house I grew up________has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A．in it B．in D．in which C．in that

【解析】 分析句子結構可知house后面有一個限制性定語從句，而且定語從句的引導詞已經省略，那么該引導詞一定在定語從句中作賓語，所以此空中要填介詞in，且其后不能再有賓語。【答案】 B 4． Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.A．of which B．with which C．about which

D．into which 【解析】 句意為：槍支的控制是在美國爭論了很長時間的一個話題。此題考查“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。先行詞為subject，帶入定語從句后為：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行詞在定語從句中作about的賓語，介詞about提前，故用關系代詞which?！敬鸢浮?C 5． A person________e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A．who

C．whose

B．whom D．whoever 【解析】 句意為：一個人的電子郵件賬戶滿了，就不能收發任何郵件了。此題考查定語從句。先行詞為a person，代入定語從句后為：whose e-mail account is full.由此可見，whose在定語從句中作定語，是形容詞性的，修飾名詞。who作主語；whom作賓語；whoever連接代詞，“無論誰”，用來引導名詞性從句或狀語從句?！敬鸢浮?C 6． She brought with her three friends，none of________I had ever met before.A．them B．who D．these C．whom

【解析】

句意為：她帶了3個朋友過來，沒有一個是我曾經見過的。此題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞是her three friends，代入定語從句后為：I had ever met none of her three friends.而介詞后指人時用關系代詞whom。

【答案】 C

7． My friend showed me round the town，________was very kind of him.A．which

C．where

B．that D．it 【解析】 句意為：我的朋友真不錯，他帶我繞城轉了一圈。本題was缺少主語，排除where；it不能引導定語從句，排除it；that不引導非限制性定語從句，排除that。[來源:學科網] 【答案】 A 8．I have reached a point in my life________I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A．which

C．how

B．where D．why 【解析】

句意為：我已經到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。where引導定語從句修飾先行詞point?！敬鸢浮?B 9． They’ve won their last three matches，________I find a bit surprising actually.A．that

C．what B．when

D．which 【解析】 句意為：他們已經贏得了最后三場比賽，我發現這確實有點令人驚訝?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞是前面整個句子，which引導非限制性定語從句，并在定語從句中作find的賓語。【答案】 D 10．Because of the financial crisis，days are gone________local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A．if B．when D．since C．which

【解析】 句意為：由于經濟危機，在當地五星級酒店住一個晚上就要6 000元的日子一去不復返了。when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night作days的定語，關系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語?！敬鸢浮?B 11． Many youth went to the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum on Nov.16,2009，________US President Barack Obama delivered a speech during his four-day state visit.A．which

C．where

B．in that D．that 【解析】 考查定語從句的用法。where引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum。【答案】 C

12． “You’ll have to wait for two hours，________is，about 11∶30，________the medical report will come out，” the doctor said to me.A．that；when

C．that；before B．which；that D．which；when 【解析】 考查插入語和定語從句的用法。that is是插入語，意思是“也就是”；when引導的是定語從句，修飾前面的時間11∶30?！敬鸢浮?A 13．I don’t like the way________he often uses to speak to me.A．in which

C．which

B．how D．what[來源:Z*xx*k.Com] 【解析】 考查定語從句。which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞way，而且which在從句中作uses的賓語?！敬鸢浮?C 14． John，________money is no problem，still leads a simple life.A．for whose

C．of whom B．of whose D．for whom 【解析】 考查定語從句?？梢园讯ㄕZ從句部分變化成“Money is no problem for John”，這樣便不難看出用介詞for＋關系代詞whom(指代John)來引導定語從句?！敬鸢浮?D 15．Nowadays，when people talk about magicians，the first one________comes into their mind is Liu Qian.A．whom C．that

B．which D．what 【解析】 考查定語從句。根據語境可知，空缺處應填一個關系代詞且該關系代詞在定語從句中充當主語且指人，先行詞前有the first修飾，所以選that。【答案】 C 16． He didn’t put the things________they belonged，for________he got his punishment.A．which；that C．that；whose B．what；this D．where；which 【解析】 考查復合句。從句子結構看前半句中的從句是狀語從句表示放東西的地方，因此使用where引導；后半句是非限制性定語從句，使用which指代前面整個句子的意思，這是which的典型用法。【答案】 D

17． All the neighbors admire this family，________the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.[來源:學_科_網] A．why B．where D．that C．which

【解析】 考查定語從句。句意為：所有的鄰居都羨慕這個家庭，在這個家庭里父母和子女建立了和諧的關系。where在此處相當于in which，引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為this family?！敬鸢浮?B 18．Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations________appear in the working world.A．where C．that

B．when D．what 【解析】 本題考查定語從句。句意為：找到工作的年輕人也許會意識到大學的功課不足以應對工作中的所有情況。先行詞是the situation，代入定語從句后為：The situations appear in the working world?！敬鸢浮?C 19． This term the students in our province are studying a new course called Life Guidance，________covers possible real life issues.A．whose

C．that

B．which D．what 【解析】 考查定語從句。which在句中引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Life Guidance。cover覆蓋，涉及?！敬鸢浮?B 10． All________is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A．what is needed B．for our needs C．the thing needed

D．that is needed 【解析】 考查定語從句。句意為：現在所需要的是基本生活必需品的不斷的供應。在該句中，主語部分含有一個定語從句，先行詞是all，在主句中作主語，因此要用關系代詞that。all that is needed＝what is needed。【答案】 D 11．As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas，________，I am sure，will benefit the people out of work.A．which

C．what B．that D．where 【解析】 考查非限制性定語從句。which引導的從句修飾前面整個句子，I am sure為插入語。【答案】 A 12． The days are gone________we studied together at college，but I can still remember your lovely voice.A．which C．that

B．in which D．when 【解析】 考查定語從句。when引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the days，在定語從句中充當狀語?！敬鸢浮?D

13．________is often the case with elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.A．That C．As B．Which D．It 【解析】 考查定語從句。as此處引導非限制性定語從句，指代后面的內容。as意為“正如”?！敬鸢浮?C 14． Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents________students got injured or killed while in school.A．in which

B．for which C．which

D．when 【解析】 該題考查從句。該句中的which是引導詞，引導定語從句修飾先行詞accidents。句意為“由于學生在學校受傷或死亡的不斷報道，學校安全成為一個重要問題”?！敬鸢浮?A 15．Everyone has periods in their lives________everything seems very hard.A．when

C．which

B．where D．that 【解析】 考查定語從句。關系副詞when指代先行詞periods，且在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于during which。【答案】 A

16．(2011·天津十校聯考)Patience，without________you can’t do the work well，is a kind of quality.A．that

B．it

C．which

D．what 解析： 句意為：耐心是一種品質。沒有了耐心，你不能做好工作。此處考查了定語從句中“介詞＋which”的情況，which指代的是先行詞patience。

答案： C 17． The owner wanted to charge $5,000 for his car，________I managed to lower to $3,500.A．since

C．which

B．what D．that 解析： 關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句并在從句中充當lower 的賓語，而that不能引導非限性定語從句。

答案： C 18．(2011·安徽合肥第一次質檢)I still can’t believe my eyes when I remember the scene________the best player should miss the pass.A．that

C．where

B．which D．how 解析： where 引導定語從句修飾先行詞scene，where在從句中作狀語。句意為：當我記起當時那個最好的選手沒有過關時，我簡直不敢相信我的眼睛。

答案： C 19．(2011·北京東城期末目標檢測)________was reported in the paper，people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.A．It

C．As

B．That D．What 解析： 選擇定語從句的引導詞的關鍵是：在主句中找出先行詞。該句中定語從句的先行詞是后面的整個句子people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.答案： C 20．(2011·青島聯合模擬)China’s new food law provides for a food recall system ________producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards.A．where

C．when

B．that D．which 解析： 考查定語從句。句意為：中國新的食品法規定了食品召回制度，即如果食品達不到標準，生產者就必須停止生產。先行詞為a food recall system，定語從句為producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards(in the food recall system)，故選A。

答案： A 21． Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning，________we think will benefit us in the long term.A．what

B．that

C．which

D．who 解析： 本題考查定語從句。本題屬于非限制性定語從句，從句意可知關系代詞指代a good habit of learning，在從句中作主語，因此選擇which。

答案： C 22．(2011·福建龍巖檢測)Remember that there is still one point________we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.A．where

C．when

B．why D．that 解析： 考查定語從句。解定語從句題的關鍵是：在主句中找出先行詞，該句的先行詞是one point，然后把先行詞“代入”從句中，判斷其在從句中的“地位”和“作用”，這里先行詞在從句中作make clear的賓語，所以用關系代詞that/which引導定語從句并在從句中作賓語，據此選D項。

答案： D 23．She’s in a hopeless situation，________we will keep a very close eye on.A．where

C．which

B．when D．that 解析： 考查定語從句。定語從句的解題關鍵是：在主句中找出先行詞，該句的先行詞是a hopeless situation，然后把先行詞“代入”從句中，判斷其在從句中的“地位”和“作用”，此處關系詞在從句中作on的賓語，同時這里又是非限制性定語從句，所以應該用關系代詞which，選C項。

答案： C 24．I admire my English teacher.I can remember very few occasions ________she stopped working because of ill health.A．that

C．where

B．when D．which 解析： 考查定語從句。根據語意“我記得她很少因生病而停止工作”可知，定語從句引導詞在從句中作狀語，故用when。

答案： B 25．(2011·海南五校聯考)The moment________John will never forget is________Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.A．that；that

C．when；that

B．that；when D．when；when 解析： 考查從句引導詞。第一空用that 引導定語從句，修飾先行詞The moment；第二空用when引導表語從句，并在從句中作時間狀語，故答案為B。

答案： B 26．(2010·福建四地六校第三次聯考)I don’t like the way________he often uses to speak to me.A．in which

B．how

C．which

D．what 解析： 考查定語從句。which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞way，而且which在從句中作uses的賓語。答案： C 27． John，________money is no problem，still leads a simple life.A．for whose

C．of whom

B．of whose D．for whom 解析： 考查定語從句。可以把定語從句部分變化成“Money is no problem for John”，這樣便不難看出用介詞for＋關系代詞whom(指代John)來引導定語從句。

答案： D 28．(2010·蘇州模擬)He didn’t put the things________they belonged，for________he got his punishment.A．which；that

C．that；whose

B．what；this D．where；which 解析： 考查復合句。從句子結構看前半句中的從句是狀語從句表示放東西的地方，因此使用where引導；后半句是非限制性定語從句，使用which指代前面整個句子的意思，這是which的典型用法。

答案： D 29．(2010·浙江嘉興二模)All the neighbors admire this family，________the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.A．why

C．which

B．where D．that 解析： 考查定語從句。句意為：所有的鄰居都羨慕這個家庭，在這個家庭里父母和子女建立了和諧的關系。where在此處相當于in which，引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為this family。

答案： B 30．(2010·日照二模)As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas，________，I am sure，will benefit the people out of work.A．which

C．what

B．that D．where 解析： 考查非限制性定語從句。which引導的從句修飾前面整個句子，I am sure為插入語。答案： A

第四篇：定語從句與同位語從句的區別

定語從句與同位語從句的區別

一、從詞類上區別

同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意義的名詞。而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或整個主句。如：

We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我們正在調查的是他是否值得信賴的問題。（同位語從句）

Word came that he had gone abroad.據說他已經出國了。（同位語從句）

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫生在房間里面。（定語從句，名詞the doctor作先行詞）

Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.(定語從句，which代表前面提到的整個句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡最大努力幫他學習。（定語從句，代詞all作先行詞）

二、從性質上區別

定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇；而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如：

The news that our team has won the game is true.我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。(同位語從句，補充說明news的內容。）

The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。

(定語從句，that 從句作定語修飾news

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我許諾如果誰讓我自由，我就讓他非常富有。(同位語從句，補充說明promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們高興的許諾。(定語從句，that從句作定語修飾promise

三、從引導詞及其在句子中的成份上區別有些引導詞如how, whether, what可以引導同位語從句，但不能引導定語從句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。同位語從句）

引導詞that引導定語從句時，在從句中一般作主語或賓語（指物時還可以用which代替），并且作賓語時常常省略。

That在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不充當任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用 which來代替。

The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups

was received yesterday.我們應派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組的命令昨天已收到了。

同位語從句，是對order的具體解釋，(that雖不作成份，但不能省略）

The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組。定語從句，是名詞order的修飾語，that在從句中作received的賓語，可以省略）

定語從句與強調句型的區別

強調句型的句式結構為：“It is/was + 被強調部分 + that/who從句”。在強調時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在強調主語和賓語時，如果主語和賓語指代人，則可用who和whom來代替that, 但是從句中的人稱和數要

與被強調的主語和賓語保持一致。這些都容易與定語從句混淆。

定語從句和強調句型的判斷方法：若將句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，結構完整，說明原句是強調句型；若句子結構不完整，則說明原句為定語從句。定語從句中的主謂一致

1、當關系代詞作從句的主語時，那么從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持一致。

e.g.Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs

of Hangzhou.Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.2、one of + 名詞后面的定語從句謂語用復數； the(only)one +名詞后面的定語從句謂語用單數。

e.g.Jack is one of the journalists who know Russian but the only one who knows French in our News Agency.3、主語是I，時態是一般現在時，謂語be動詞用am.e.g.I, who am your close friend, will offer you a room for free

第五篇：淺議同位語從句

淺議同位語從句

夏文華（河北省遷安市教師進修學校 郵政編碼：064400）

摘要：同位語從句是中學階段比較常見的語法現象，為了使學生更好地理解并掌握這一語法現象，本文從同位語從句的含義、正確運用同位語從句的引導詞以及同位語從句和定語從句的區別等幾個方面對同位語從句進行了探討和分析。

關鍵詞：同位語從句，同位語從句是中學階段比較常見的語法現象，由于與定語從句位置相同，且漢語中沒有相同的概念，因此很多學生對于這一語法現象理解不夠透徹，在學習時總是較難掌握。筆者結合自己多年的教學工作經驗對這一語法現象進行一下分析。

一、同位語從句

1.所謂同位語，顧名思義，就是位于名詞或代詞后，對之起進一步解釋說明作用的詞，如果起此作用的不是一個詞而是一個句子，那么這個句子就叫做同位語從句。

2.常跟有同位語從句的名詞：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。

例如：人教版高中英語教材第一冊Unit 3課文中的句子： The name “whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly（.Page 17）又如Page 27: There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.3.常用連接詞：同位語從句一般由that, where, when, why, how, who, what等引導。

如人教版高中英語教材第二冊Unit 5中的句子：The idea that England stands for Fish & Clips, Speaker’s Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.(Page 35)。同位語有一個典型句型I have no idea結構，有的人把這個句型列入賓語從句的范疇，因為I have no idea意思就是I don’t know...。但是嚴格的從語法角度來看還應該屬于同位語從句。

I have no idea where I should go.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.有時候主句的謂語比較短，同位語從句比較長，這個從句就不一定緊接在它所說明的名詞后面。如：Word(消息)came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.二、同位語從句和定語從句的比較

1.從位置上看。同位語從句與定語從句在句中的位置都是在名詞后，不同之處在于：定語從句對對它前面的名詞起修飾限制的作用，屬于形容詞性從句；同位語從句主要是對它前面的名詞進行解釋和說明，屬于名詞性從句。例如人教版 高中英語教材第二冊Unit 14有這樣一個同位語從句: It’s a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.（Page 13）。又如The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2、從連接詞that上看。在同位語從句中，that是連詞，在從句中只起連接作用，不作句子成分，沒有實在意義，但是不能省略。如人教版高中英語教材第一冊Unit 16中的句子: Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.（Page 23）。在定語從句中，that是關系代詞，在從句中起連接作用，并充當從句中的句子成分（主語、賓語、表語等）。that作賓語時可以省略，同時指代先行詞。如：The book(that)she lent me is interesting.3、從內容上看。對于有些名詞后既可以帶有定語從句，又可以帶有同位語從句的情況，一般是根據從句和名詞的關系來進行判斷，如果是對名詞作進一步的闡明，則是同位語從句，反之則是定語從句，另外還可以從名詞本身的意思來進行判斷，帶有同位語從句的名詞一般為抽象名詞，而定語從句幾乎可以修飾任何名詞。

比較：

(1)The suggestion(that)she has given at the meeting is good.(定語從句)(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.（同位語從句）(1)句中that she has given at the meeting這個從句說明了是她提出的建議，不是別人的建議，也就是限定了the suggestion的范圍，但并沒有說明建議的內容，從結構上分析，that是give的賓語，所以這個從句是定語從句。

(2)句的that she should stay in the room這個從句說明了建議的內容，同時，that只起連詞作用，在從句中既不是主語，也不是賓語，但不能省略，所以它是同位語從句。

又如：(1)The news that the teacher told us is very exciting.(2)The news that our team had won the game is exciting.通過同樣的辦法我們可以判斷(1)句中劃線部分為定語從句，(2)句中劃線部分為同位語從句。

很多學生認為英語中的語法現象有的很相似，不易區分，其實任何一種語言中的語法現象都不是完全相同的，而是有區別的，只要我們在平時的學習中多注意，多觀察，認真領會并分析，相信一定能夠區分并能很好運用。

參考書目： 外語教學與研究出版社《使用英語語法》張道真編著

高等教育出版社 《高級英語語法》薄冰主編

人民教育出版社

普通高級中學英語教科書

作者姓名：夏文華

聯系電話：*** 通訊地址：河北省遷安市教師進修學校 郵政編碼：064400