第一篇：高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法教學(xué)淺談

高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法教學(xué)淺談

張先紅 滁州市 全椒縣 古河中學(xué)

2013-11-6 21:32:32

高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法教學(xué)淺談

我國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境基本上是一個(gè)非母語(yǔ)的環(huán)境，目前的學(xué)習(xí)條件如師資、設(shè)備、環(huán)境等從總體上說(shuō)并不令人滿(mǎn)意。我并不贊同以往的語(yǔ)法翻譯教學(xué)法，但一味的淡化語(yǔ)法并不利于學(xué)生學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法好比語(yǔ)言的密碼，不懂語(yǔ)法顯然是行不通的。高考中寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)作文，這是重視英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的考試方法，下面以 定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)為例談一下我的具體做法。

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念及引導(dǎo)詞

在（主從）復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句是關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)；關(guān)系副詞有where,when ,why,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。

二、定語(yǔ)從句的基本類(lèi)型

1、限定性定語(yǔ)從句

限定性定語(yǔ)從句一般緊挨先行詞，主從復(fù)合句之間關(guān)系密切，不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，通常譯為一個(gè)句子。

e.g.Do you know the girl who is in red? I am the only person who was praised at the meeting.2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，主從復(fù)合句之間關(guān)系不很密切，一般可譯為兩個(gè)句子，如果將從句身省去，主句意思仍然清楚。

e.g.He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry.Jack flew to Beijing yesterday,where a conference will be held.三、定語(yǔ)從句使用中的注意事項(xiàng)

1、which 與 that之區(qū)別

關(guān)系代詞that既指人又指物，which只指物，指物時(shí)，兩者有時(shí)可換用，有時(shí)則不能換用。

（1）指人或指物只能用 that 的情況 1)當(dāng)先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing??不定代詞時(shí)。

e.g.All that can be done has been done.The thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the policeman.2)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)

e.g.He spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen abroad.3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)

e.g.This is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever had.The first lesson that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still unforgettable.4)先行詞被the very, the only, the last, any,every修飾時(shí)

e.g.This is the very book(that)I’m looking for.5）先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which時(shí)

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it.What that is on the table belongs to me.6)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí)

e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情況

1）定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾某物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)

e.g.She added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled soup.2)先行詞在從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)且介詞前置時(shí)

e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2、as與which

(1)as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限定性從句代表整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，as

引導(dǎo)的從句可為于句首、句中或句末，而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句卻只能位于句末。

e.g.As is known to all ,China is a developing country.Jack, as is know ,is a film director.Crusoe went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如?..那樣”之意，而which則不含此意。

e.g.He didn’t give us a hand , as had been expected.(3)as在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中多與such, the same,連用，構(gòu)成such?..as?, the same?.as?形式。

e.g.Such a film as you deseribed should not be shown at all.He told me the story as was told the other day.3、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞之確定

是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，不是取決于先行詞，而是看定語(yǔ)從句中需要什么成分，如果需要主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)就用關(guān)系代詞，如果需要狀語(yǔ)就要用關(guān)系副詞。

e.g.We visited the village which that is famous for its scenery yesterday.The day thatwhich we spent together on the island is pleasant.4、幾種特殊形式的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

（1）n.pron.num.+of+whomwhich e.g.The old couple have five children,three of whom are farmers.There are many apples in the basket,most of which are red ones.I bought a book yesterday ,the cover of which is well designed.(2)介詞短語(yǔ)+whomwhich e.g.He lives in a village,in front of which flows a brook.There are 3 students in the picture,in the middle of whom is my brother.總之，在日常教學(xué)中，加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)是非常必要的，對(duì)語(yǔ)法中的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)要求學(xué)生牢固掌握。

第二篇：高中英語(yǔ)《定語(yǔ)從句》語(yǔ)法教案

定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常 出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是充當(dāng)人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that 代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。

例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

2）whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，等同于of which）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。

3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。

例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

（對(duì)）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對(duì)）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，而the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟?lèi)很重要。

典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could

主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的動(dòng)詞都送來(lái)了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。

2）who= the person that

whoever= anyone who。例如：

（錯(cuò)）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯(cuò)）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對(duì)）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

（對(duì)）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰(shuí)搶了銀行還不清楚。

3）that 和 what

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你會(huì)喜歡這些郵票的。

What we need is more practice.我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。

18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法

1）只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

1、先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

eg.This is the first job that I have taken up.This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.

4、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。

例如：Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.這就是我跟你說(shuō)過(guò)的會(huì)有助于你學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的那本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法書(shū)。

5、先行詞為that時(shí)

例如：The clock is that which can tell us the time.鐘是報(bào)時(shí)的裝置。

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解

高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解

◆英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)欣賞

1.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無(wú)成.2.It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘當(dāng)小綿羊，遲早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念：

(1)定語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。(3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：

1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；

2)必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)）常用的關(guān)系代詞: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語(yǔ)）: when、why、where The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy(whom)you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定語(yǔ)從句三步： 第一找出先行詞；

第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）； 第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。

Ⅱ.幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ))如： 1.A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語(yǔ))2.Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3.You can take anything(that)you like.（賓語(yǔ)）

4.What is the question(that/which)they are talking about? 5.Here is the man(who/whom/that)you want to see.6.She's no longer the girl(that)she used to be before.（表語(yǔ)）7.Our hometown is no longer the one(that)it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.●which: 指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。如：

1.The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語(yǔ)）2.The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語(yǔ)）3.The factory in which his father works is far from here.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.（表語(yǔ)）

5.Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定語(yǔ)）6.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式用法中作賓語(yǔ);只可指人 whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語(yǔ);只可指人

whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard.（主語(yǔ)）

All who heard the story were amazed.(代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.（賓語(yǔ)）He's a man from whom we should learn.= He's a man(whom/who/that)we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 1.關(guān)系代詞 whose，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可指人，又可指物，在從句中只能作定語(yǔ)；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有時(shí) whose 可以與 of whom 和 of which 互換使用。如： The girl whose hair is golden is from England.頭發(fā)金色的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。

The house whose doors are green is an office building.門(mén)是綠色的那座房子是辦公樓。2.“介詞 + whose +名詞” 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：

I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.我愛(ài)我的祖國(guó)，為了她美好的未來(lái)我要努力工作。

3.在下列情況下，一般只用 of whom 和 of which。

(1)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是 few, little, some, most, many, much等時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。

In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know.房間里有很多人，很多人我不認(rèn)識(shí)。He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.他有很多故事書(shū)，有幾本故事書(shū)我還從未看過(guò)。

(2)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager.那個(gè)老人有三個(gè)小孩，其中兩個(gè)是大學(xué)生，另一個(gè)是經(jīng)理。

(3)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代詞時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.我們班有五十個(gè)學(xué)生，所有這五十個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都刻苦。

He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well.去年他栽了兩棵樹(shù)，這兩棵樹(shù)都長(zhǎng)得好。

(4)在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。如： He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.它有三兄弟，李蕾是他們中最小的一個(gè)。

There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.亞洲有很多國(guó)家，中國(guó)是最大的一個(gè)。

關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ): 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 介詞必須放在句末.）

關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動(dòng)，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。I never forget the day on which I came to this school.(on the day)2.二動(dòng)，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.(spend money on sth.)3.三意義，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book(that/which)you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person(whom/who/that)I shook hands with? The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after.(介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of, hear ofaboutfrom, care for, look forward, pay attention to, listen to等)●as 的用法:(as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))①如為限制性的，多用于the same …as;the same as；such …as …;as many/much as；so …as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

※I have the same book as you(have).我有一本和你的一樣的書(shū)。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.(關(guān)系代詞as和指示代詞same連用, 在從句中用作表語(yǔ), 先行詞是same.).---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?---I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定語(yǔ)從句）

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

②如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，這種定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為“正如，這一點(diǎn)”。（動(dòng)詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.(as 作賓語(yǔ))=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health.（as 作主語(yǔ)）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know.（as 作賓語(yǔ)）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.(賓語(yǔ), 先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子)Ⅲ.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句: ●When 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為“時(shí)間名詞”，可用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，when在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)；還可以用which或that 引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

比較: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語(yǔ)）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.There are occasions when joking is not permissible.●Where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”，定語(yǔ)從句可用where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that引導(dǎo)，which/that 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

比較: ※This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作狀語(yǔ)）

在高中的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，我們都知道，where在定語(yǔ)從句中用作關(guān)系副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，先行詞一般指地點(diǎn)。例如：

This is the farm where we worked when we were young.這就是我們年輕時(shí)候在此干活的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

He met his wife in the park where they fell in love with each other.他是在這個(gè)公園遇到他的妻子，就是在那里，他們相愛(ài)了。

當(dāng)然，在實(shí)際的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法遠(yuǎn)不是這么簡(jiǎn)單，相反，要復(fù)雜得多，為了讓學(xué)生對(duì)where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法有更好的了解，下面我就對(duì)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的重難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題談一談它的用法。

一、某些在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以與where 互換，where=in/at/on/...which 例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，并不是單純地讓學(xué)生知道where的這種用法就可以了，很多時(shí)候?qū)W生要掌握where和其他詞的用法的區(qū)別，才能更好地把握定語(yǔ)從句的用法。例如： This is the factory where/in which you worked last year.This is the factory that/which/you visited last year.在第一句中，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where或者in which，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中worked 是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞；而在第二句中，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，因此用that或which，還可以省略，visited是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。學(xué)生有時(shí)還會(huì)碰到更復(fù)雜的情況。例如： Is this factory the one that/which/ you visited last year? Is this factory the one where/in which you lived last year? Is this the factory where/in which you lived last year? 這幾個(gè)句子比前面的兩個(gè)句子又復(fù)雜，除了要區(qū)別關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)句子作什么成分，還要注意到前兩個(gè)句子缺成分，所以要補(bǔ)充 the one。

二、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞

where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如果定語(yǔ)從句修飾point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。為了幫助同學(xué)們熟悉這一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，正確掌握這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)，對(duì)where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞的用法作一歸納。

1)where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞point You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了藥物無(wú)法治療的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。

注：有時(shí)point也可以是具體的地點(diǎn)：

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.事故發(fā)生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。

2)where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。

3)where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認(rèn)為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過(guò)讓人聽(tīng)的活動(dòng)。4)where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。

5)where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。

6)where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞job She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場(chǎng)的工作。

當(dāng)然了，我們碰到這些詞作為先行詞時(shí)并不一定都用where，我們也要具體情況具體分析，他們只有在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)才用where。

例如：We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.A.which B.that C.where D.when---Do you have anything to say for yourself?---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on.A.why B.where C.how D./ 上面兩個(gè)句子雖然先行詞相同，都是point，但是由于他們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌晕覀冊(cè)谶x擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)就要區(qū)別對(duì)待。第一個(gè)句子中關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以選擇where關(guān)系副詞；第二個(gè)句子中關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，所以選擇關(guān)系代詞that，which或者不填，這樣第一題選擇C，第二題選擇D。

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.This is the park which/that they visited last year.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.●Why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如：

The reason why / for which /(that)he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason(that/which)he gave me.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success?（作主語(yǔ)）Ex.)He was late.That's because he got up late..He got up late.That's why he was late.(表語(yǔ)從句)

(the reason)why/for which he was late.(定語(yǔ)從句)當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that, in which,或不用引導(dǎo)。way后的定語(yǔ)從句 的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如: This is the way(that)/in which I do such things.比較: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.Ⅳ.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： 1.形式上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。2.語(yǔ)法上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用that.3.語(yǔ)義上，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best.這就是我最喜歡的那本書(shū)。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京是中國(guó)八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4.翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為兩句。（見(jiàn)上句翻譯）

比較: He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用who, whom, whose , 指物時(shí)用which , whose;關(guān)系副詞when，where, why, etc.1.He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2.Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3.They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.Ⅴ.幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較: ●that & which: 在定語(yǔ)從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.①先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people.2.There's nothing that can be said about it.3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? ②先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時(shí)。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.The last place(that)we visited was the chemical works.You can take any(=whichever)seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.④先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that.如： 1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.⑥被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí).1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.⑦如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑧疑問(wèn)詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)。1.Which is the book that you like best? 2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate? ⑨主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語(yǔ)從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞.如： 1.There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑩被修飾成分為表語(yǔ)時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí),該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.1.That's a good book that will help you a lot.2.My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況: ①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr.White lives? ②在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中.1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.(which指代主句)③在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that, 另一個(gè)宜用which.1.Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2.At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.④當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí).1.Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行詞本身是that, 宜用which.What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B)who & that: who 和 that 指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時(shí).如： 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who(=Whoever)failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones(= those)who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.②在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who 指代人.如： 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you.2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.③當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí).如：

1.I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.④一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that ,另一個(gè)則宜用who, 以免重復(fù).如：

1.The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的異同

一、相同點(diǎn)

兩者引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可指代主句中的部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，在從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，位于主句之后有時(shí)可互換。

The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.二、不同點(diǎn)

1.as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性從句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.Air, as we know, is gas.2.在非限制性從句中，which后的be動(dòng)詞不可省；as而后的be動(dòng)詞可以省略。She told me she won the match, which was a lie.The material is elastic, as(was)shown in the figure.3.which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用各類(lèi)動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)；而as做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用系動(dòng)詞，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行為動(dòng)詞。He saw the girl, which delighted him.He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.4.as常用“正如”含義，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有as we know（眾所周知）；as often happens（正如常發(fā)生的那樣）；as is often the case（情況常常如此）;as we all can see（正如我們看到的）;be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/ reported等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)常放句首，偶爾也可以放句中或句末。As is known to all, China is a developing country.Kate was late for school, as often happened.5.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中which指代主句中某一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，as不可以。My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.6.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（介賓代物）”中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。

The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.7.從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，常用which。He can write a letter in English, which I can not.Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not 8.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞代表前面主句中的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用which He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞省略與保留

我們知道，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，但也有幾種特殊情況，關(guān)系代詞不用作賓語(yǔ)也可以省略，同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)和使用時(shí)請(qǐng)注意。

在下列情況下,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以省略。

一、that在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。例如:

She is all(that)a teacher should be.她具備一個(gè)老師應(yīng)該具備的所有條件。

二、that在從句中作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)。例如:

I'm not the fool(that)you thought me.我不是你以前所認(rèn)為的那個(gè)傻子了。

He is the nicest teacher(that)the students consider him in their school.他就是學(xué)生認(rèn)為學(xué)校中最好的那個(gè)老師。

三、作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略。

1.當(dāng)先行詞是reason,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以用關(guān)系副詞why或關(guān)系代詞that,也可以省略。例如:

The reason(why/that)he failed was his laziness.他失敗的原因是因?yàn)樗麘卸琛?/p>

That is the reason I did it.那就是我做那件事的原因。

2.當(dāng)先行詞是way,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:

The way(in which/ that)these comrades look at problems is wrong.這些同志看待問(wèn)題的方式是錯(cuò)誤的。

That was the way(in which / that)she worked the problem out.她就是用那種辦法解決問(wèn)題的。

3.當(dāng)先行詞是time時(shí),關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用when, that或省略。例如:

The second time(that)I saw him was in 2000.我第二次見(jiàn)到他是在2000年。

I don't know the exact time(when/ that)the sports meeting will take place.我不知道運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)舉辦的確切時(shí)間。

4.當(dāng)先行詞是place時(shí),關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用where,that或省略。例如:

The place(where/ that)we will have our picnic is not decided yet.我們舉行野餐的地點(diǎn)還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。

This is the right place he was born.這兒就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介詞in)

同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)就一定可以省略,其實(shí)不然.在下列四種情況下,關(guān)系代詞雖作賓語(yǔ),卻不能省略。

一、在介詞+whom /which結(jié)構(gòu)中, whom, which不能省略。例如:

Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?你知道附近有可以買(mǎi)到花的商店嗎?

That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.剛才和我爸爸交談的那個(gè)人是校長(zhǎng)。

二、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如:

Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school.格林先生是我們學(xué)校里最高的,你也認(rèn)識(shí)他。

The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see.大象像長(zhǎng)矛,任何人都知道。

三、在the same...as, such...as, as...as, the same...that結(jié)構(gòu)中, as, that 即使作賓語(yǔ),也不能省略。例如:

I have bought the same bike as you(have).(指同類(lèi)用as)我買(mǎi)了一輛和你的一樣的自行車(chē)。

This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.這就是我前天讀過(guò)的那本書(shū)。(關(guān)系代詞that如要換成as, 則指與我讀的書(shū)一樣,而不是同一本。)

四、當(dāng)and, but, or等連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的定語(yǔ)從句修飾一個(gè)先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞第一個(gè)可省略,第二、第三個(gè)等不可省略。例如:

This is the book(which)I read yesterday and which I found very interesting.這就是我昨天讀的那本書(shū),它很有趣。

You have many people around you(whom)you always turn to and whom you will never forget.你身邊有很多人,你經(jīng)常向他們求助,你永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記他們。

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)課稿

高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)課稿

本節(jié)說(shuō)課的內(nèi)容是三年制高級(jí)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句。

一、分析教材

1、教材內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

第一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念 第二、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi) 第三、定語(yǔ)從句的用法

2、教材的地位和作用：

定語(yǔ)從句是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的一個(gè)非常重要的語(yǔ)法，也是高考的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。在英語(yǔ)里，定語(yǔ)從句可以使一個(gè)繁瑣的句子變得非常簡(jiǎn)潔，同時(shí)，它在人們?nèi)粘?huì)話(huà)中出現(xiàn)的頻率特別高。定語(yǔ)從句掌握地扎實(shí)與否關(guān)系到一個(gè)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平的高低。因此，定語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)和掌握在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中有著重要的意義。

3、教學(xué)目的

根據(jù)教學(xué)大綱的要求，通過(guò)這一節(jié)課的教學(xué)，要使學(xué)生知道什么是定語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)，掌握定語(yǔ)從句的用法。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察能力、分析概括能力以及演繹推理能力等。還要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生探索求真知的精神，對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行實(shí)踐觀點(diǎn)的教育。

4、教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

定語(yǔ)從句是本課的主要內(nèi)容，與日常英語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用密切聯(lián)系，所以定語(yǔ)從句的概念與運(yùn)用是本節(jié)課的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)習(xí)，需要綜合應(yīng)用所學(xué)知識(shí)來(lái)解決原來(lái)的遺留問(wèn)題，因而對(duì)句子分析和推理概括能力要求提高了。而高中生側(cè)重于對(duì)直觀現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行具體、形象的思維來(lái)獲得知識(shí)。因此這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)既是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)又是難點(diǎn)。

培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的多種能力也是這節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)，這是素質(zhì)教育對(duì)現(xiàn)代教學(xué)的要求。

二、分析學(xué)生

大多數(shù)學(xué)生上進(jìn)心強(qiáng)，學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度端正，有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，但是缺乏一定的探索研究問(wèn)題的能力。

定語(yǔ)從句是學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中比較常用的語(yǔ)法，也是他們必須掌握的內(nèi)容。教學(xué)中要注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣，充分發(fā)揮主體作用，迎合他們好奇、好動(dòng)、好強(qiáng)的心理特點(diǎn)，調(diào)動(dòng)他們學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動(dòng)性。

高中生的思維方式由形象思維向抽象思維過(guò)渡，因此在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意積極引導(dǎo)學(xué)生應(yīng)用已掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，通過(guò)理論分析和推理判斷來(lái)獲得新知識(shí)，發(fā)展抽象思維能力。當(dāng)然在此過(guò)程中仍需以一些感性認(rèn)識(shí)作為依托，可以借助多媒體設(shè)備加強(qiáng)直觀性和形象性，以便學(xué)生理解和掌握。

三、教學(xué)方法

這節(jié)課可綜合應(yīng)用提問(wèn)、歸納、介紹、檢查、講授和討論等多種形式的教學(xué)方法，提高課堂效率，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲望。充分體現(xiàn)以教師為主導(dǎo)，以學(xué)生為主體的原則。創(chuàng)設(shè)英語(yǔ)情境讓學(xué)生參與語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐，邊動(dòng)口邊思考。從語(yǔ)言分析總結(jié)出結(jié)論以調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性。

四、教學(xué)程序

教學(xué)中要以了解、學(xué)習(xí)研究英語(yǔ)的方法為基礎(chǔ)，掌握知識(shí)為中心，培養(yǎng)能力為方向，緊抓重點(diǎn)突破難點(diǎn)，具體設(shè)計(jì)如下：

1、新課導(dǎo)入：

以創(chuàng)設(shè)問(wèn)題情境導(dǎo)入新課。學(xué)源于思，思源于疑，一上課便以聽(tīng)歌曲填空的形式引入課題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析歌詞中的有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的句子，認(rèn)真分析句子成分，使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的求知欲和好奇心，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動(dòng)性。

2、講授新課：

任何語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)都離不開(kāi)語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐。這節(jié)課主要采用講授歸納的方法來(lái)建立定語(yǔ)從句的概念。我將一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句列在投影上，讓學(xué)生分析這個(gè)句子的成分，從而導(dǎo)出兩個(gè)非常重要的內(nèi)容----先行詞和關(guān)系詞，然后逐一解釋。通過(guò)分析例句，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的分析能力、觀察能力，增強(qiáng)了他們的感性認(rèn)識(shí)。為了使學(xué)生能對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句有更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)，這里我又采用提問(wèn)的方法讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)，然后我對(duì)其進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步地解釋和說(shuō)明，讓學(xué)生通過(guò)講解概括，總結(jié)出定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我讓同學(xué)們回答出定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞有哪些，通過(guò)一些簡(jiǎn)單的例句，讓學(xué)生知道每一個(gè)代詞在句子中起什么作用以及用法。在講解關(guān)系代詞與介詞時(shí)，我讓學(xué)生自己歸納出它們的規(guī)律，提高學(xué)生的概括能力，從而達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的目的。在講解關(guān)系詞that和which、who和that、as和which這一環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)，我先讓學(xué)說(shuō)出它們的特殊用法，然后我再進(jìn)一步加以闡述。從而，引出它們的特殊用法。

一、that和which的特殊用法：

1、有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which。

a、從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that引導(dǎo)從句。

b、先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything等不定 代詞時(shí),只能用that。c、先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只用that引出從句。d、先行詞是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all, any, only, just, very作修

飾時(shí)，只能用that。e、當(dāng)主句已有疑問(wèn)詞 who或which時(shí)，只能用that。

2、定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況。

a、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)。b、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

c、在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that，另一個(gè)宜用which。

二、who和that的特殊用法：

who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時(shí)宜用who不用that。a、先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用who。b、在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

三、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別

as和which所代表的都是整個(gè)句子所表示的內(nèi)容,但是二者有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：

a、在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句后面,也可位于主句之前；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句的前面。

b、在意義上，as定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如……”，“就象……”，而which定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時(shí)候不能代替which。

針對(duì)關(guān)系副詞的復(fù)習(xí)，因其難度不大，我直接采用講解法，學(xué)生容易理解。關(guān)系副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有數(shù)種作用。a、在從句中代替先行詞。b、在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

c、連接作用，把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。

同時(shí)，在解釋的過(guò)程中不斷穿插練習(xí)，達(dá)到鞏固復(fù)習(xí)的目的,體現(xiàn)精講精練的教學(xué)原則和我校提出的“四轉(zhuǎn)五讓”原則。

3、反饋和鞏固

在講解完所有語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)之后，為了更加有效地鞏固所復(fù)習(xí)的知識(shí)，我設(shè)計(jì)了兩種有針對(duì)性的習(xí)題練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生把掌握的知識(shí)運(yùn)用于實(shí)際語(yǔ)言操作中，從而達(dá)到知能并重的目的。

4、小結(jié)

最后通過(guò)小結(jié)，以表格的形式把本節(jié)課所復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

5、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì) GRAMMAR Attributive Clause

6、布置作業(yè)

Finish off the exercise paper.

第五篇：初中定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法匯總

初中定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法匯總

一、定語(yǔ)從句的基本概念：

定語(yǔ)從句即在句中有一個(gè)具有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的完整的句子來(lái)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞短語(yǔ)或者代詞。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party？

I still remember the night when I first came to the village.This is the place where Lily once lived.二、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

三、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語(yǔ)。

1.關(guān)系代詞：主要有that, which, who, whom, whose等，它們?cè)诰渥又锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ)（如that, which, who等）、賓語(yǔ)（如that, which, whom等）和定語(yǔ)（如which, whose）。例句：I found the book which I was looking for.我找到了我要找的書(shū)。（做賓語(yǔ)）

She is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽車(chē)被盜的那個(gè)女人。（做定語(yǔ)）She is the woman whom I gave the money to.她就是我給她錢(qián)的那位婦女。（做賓語(yǔ)）Is he the man that sells dogs? 他就是賣(mài)狗的人嗎?（做主語(yǔ)）She is the girl who won the prize.她就是獲獎(jiǎng)的姑娘。（做主語(yǔ)）

注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。2.關(guān)系副詞：主要有where, when, why等，它們?cè)诰渥又兄饕米鳡钫Z(yǔ)。（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）

注意：關(guān)系詞只能用that，不能用which的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？ c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

例：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。

d.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that 例：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？ f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。注意：關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況： a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例：What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？ b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例：This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that.例：Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。

3、who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。

例：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話(huà)的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。

例：This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例：his is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

1、When的用法：

關(guān)系副詞when在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間，用以修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞；在許多情況下可以理解為“介詞+which”的意思(which的意思與先行詞所表示的意思等價(jià))，其中的“介詞”通常應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞的含義與搭配來(lái)確定。例：1988 was the year when he was born.1988是他的出生年。

句子分析：句中的when he was born為修飾the year的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系副詞when在此相當(dāng)于in which。表示在某一年，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上用介詞in，如in 1988, in 2008等，所以此處用in which。

例：I’ll never forget the day when I first met you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次見(jiàn)你的那天。句子分析：句中的when I first met you為修飾the day的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系副詞when在此相當(dāng)于on which。表示在某一天，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上用介詞on，如on that day, on Friday等，所以此處用on which。

例：Don’t forget the time when the wedding will start.不要忘記婚禮開(kāi)始的時(shí)間。句子分析：句中的when the wedding will start為修飾the time的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系副詞when在此相當(dāng)于at which。表示在某一時(shí)刻，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上用介詞at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此處用at which。

2、where的用法：

關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中也是用作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)，用以修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞；在許多情況下也可以理解為“介詞+which”的意思(which的意思與先行詞所表示的意思等價(jià))，其中的“介詞”通常應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞的含與搭配來(lái)確定。

例：What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那個(gè)城市叫什么名字? 句子分析：句中的where you live為修飾the town的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系副詞where在此相當(dāng)于in which。表示住在某城市，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上說(shuō) live in a city，所以此處用 in which。例：This cross marks the spot where she died.這個(gè)十字符號(hào)標(biāo)明她死去的地點(diǎn)。句子分析：句中的 where she died 為修飾 the spot 的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系副詞 where 在此相當(dāng)于 at which。表示在某一地點(diǎn)，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上說(shuō) at a spot，所以此處用 at which。

3、why的用法：

關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中也是用作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因；why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞只有一個(gè)，那就是the reason；在許多情況下why也可以理解為for which。例：These are the reasons why we do it.這些就是我們這樣做的理由。

句子分析：句中的why we do it為修飾the reason的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系副詞why在此相當(dāng)于for which。

例：Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜歡我的原因嗎? 句子分析：句中的why she doesn’t like me為修飾the reason的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系副詞why在此相當(dāng)于for which。

why是一個(gè)比較特殊的關(guān)系副詞，它引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，除可換成for which外，有時(shí)也可換成that，甚至省略。如：

他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.