第一篇：初中定語從句語法匯總

初中定語從句語法匯總

一、定語從句的基本概念：

定語從句即在句中有一個具有主謂結構的完整的句子來充當定語，修飾前面的名詞短語或者代詞。被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關聯詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party？

I still remember the night when I first came to the village.This is the place where Lily once lived.二、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

三、關系代詞和關系副詞的功用

關系代詞和關系副詞用來引導定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯系起來。關系代詞和關系副詞又在定語從句中充當一個成分。關系代詞可以做主語，賓語，定語，關系副詞可作狀語。

1.關系代詞：主要有that, which, who, whom, whose等，它們在句子中可用作主語（如that, which, who等）、賓語（如that, which, whom等）和定語（如which, whose）。例句：I found the book which I was looking for.我找到了我要找的書。（做賓語）

She is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽車被盜的那個女人。（做定語）She is the woman whom I gave the money to.她就是我給她錢的那位婦女。（做賓語）Is he the man that sells dogs? 他就是賣狗的人嗎?（做主語）She is the girl who won the prize.她就是獲獎的姑娘。（做主語）

注意：關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數須和先行詞一致。2.關系副詞：主要有where, when, why等，它們在句子中主要用作狀語。（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

（2）where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

四、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。（that作賓語）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）

注意：關系詞只能用that，不能用which的情況：

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？ c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

例：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

d.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that 例：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？ f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。注意：關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況： a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.例：What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？ b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例：This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例：Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

3、who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。

例：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語，可省略）注意：（1）當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。

例：This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例：his is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

五、關系副詞的用法

1、When的用法：

關系副詞when在定語從句中用作狀語，表示時間，用以修飾表示時間的先行詞；在許多情況下可以理解為“介詞+which”的意思(which的意思與先行詞所表示的意思等價)，其中的“介詞”通常應根據先行詞的含義與搭配來確定。例：1988 was the year when he was born.1988是他的出生年。

句子分析：句中的when he was born為修飾the year的定語從句，關系副詞when在此相當于in which。表示在某一年，英語習慣上用介詞in，如in 1988, in 2008等，所以此處用in which。

例：I’ll never forget the day when I first met you.我永遠不會忘記第一次見你的那天。句子分析：句中的when I first met you為修飾the day的定語從句，關系副詞when在此相當于on which。表示在某一天，英語習慣上用介詞on，如on that day, on Friday等，所以此處用on which。

例：Don’t forget the time when the wedding will start.不要忘記婚禮開始的時間。句子分析：句中的when the wedding will start為修飾the time的定語從句，關系副詞when在此相當于at which。表示在某一時刻，英語習慣上用介詞at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此處用at which。

2、where的用法：

關系副詞where在定語從句中也是用作狀語，表示地點，用以修飾表示地點的先行詞；在許多情況下也可以理解為“介詞+which”的意思(which的意思與先行詞所表示的意思等價)，其中的“介詞”通常應根據先行詞的含與搭配來確定。

例：What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那個城市叫什么名字? 句子分析：句中的where you live為修飾the town的定語從句，關系副詞where在此相當于in which。表示住在某城市，英語習慣上說 live in a city，所以此處用 in which。例：This cross marks the spot where she died.這個十字符號標明她死去的地點。句子分析：句中的 where she died 為修飾 the spot 的定語從句，關系副詞 where 在此相當于 at which。表示在某一地點，英語習慣上說 at a spot，所以此處用 at which。

3、why的用法：

關系副詞why在定語從句中也是用作狀語，表示原因；why引導定語從句時，其先行詞只有一個，那就是the reason；在許多情況下why也可以理解為for which。例：These are the reasons why we do it.這些就是我們這樣做的理由。

句子分析：句中的why we do it為修飾the reason的定語從句，關系副詞why在此相當于for which。

例：Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜歡我的原因嗎? 句子分析：句中的why she doesn’t like me為修飾the reason的定語從句，關系副詞why在此相當于for which。

why是一個比較特殊的關系副詞，它引導定語從句時，除可換成for which外，有時也可換成that，甚至省略。如：

他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.

第二篇：初中定語從句

定語從句

一.定語從句的功用和結構

在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關聯詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.各個關系代詞和關系副詞的具體用法

1.who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.三.關系代詞 whom，which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.四.具體使用時還要注意下列問題：

1.只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

(1)先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如：

All that he said is true.(2)先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。

This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that 的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定語從句由介詞+關系代詞引導，先行詞是物時。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.一.單項填空

1.---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh!It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 5.He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 6.Mr.White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which 7.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where 8.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.where

第三篇：初中定語從句

定語從句

定語從句是在主從復合句中修飾某個名詞或代詞句子，它在句中作定語。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，連接先行詞和定語從句的詞叫引導詞(也叫關系詞)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.我認識那個正坐在樹下的女孩。↓ ↘引導詞 ↓

先行詞 從句(定語從句)This is the most interesting book that he has ever read.這是他所讀過的書中最有趣的一本。↓ ↘引導詞 ↓

先行詞 從句(定語從句)考點1：先行詞是人時引導詞的選用

(1).先行詞是人，引導詞后緊跟動詞時用who或that.如：

Here comes the man who(that)wants to see you.想見你的那個人來了。(先行詞是the man, 引導詞后緊跟動詞wants, 故引導詞用who / that)(2).先行詞是人，引導詞后緊跟的不是動詞時要用who, whom, that.如： This is the person whom(who, that)you are looking for.這正是你要找的人。

(先行詞是the person, 引導詞后緊跟的是you, 不是動詞, 故引導詞可用who / whom / that)考點2：先行詞是物時引導詞的選用

(1).先行詞是物時，一般情況下引導詞可以用which或that.如：

Mary like music that(which)is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡安靜柔和的音樂。(先行詞是music, 引導詞可用which / that)The film which(that)we saw last night was very interesting.我們昨晚看的電影非常有趣。(先行詞是film, 引導詞可用which / that)。

Have you written down everything that Mr.Lin has said? 你寫下林先生所說的每樣東西了嗎？ All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己經做了。There is little that I can do for you.我能為你做的事幾乎沒有了。

②.當先行詞由以下詞修飾時，引導詞只用that.這些詞有：only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little, few等。如：

That is the very dress that I want to buy.那正是我要買的裙子。English is the only subject that I like.英語是我唯一喜歡的科目。Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打掃房間是我能為你做的最后一事。

③.當先行詞有序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，引導詞只用that.This is the fifth school that I have taught so far.這是我目前為止教過的第5所學校。Mr.Li’s class is the most interesting one that I have ever had.李老師的課是我上過的最有趣的課。

④.當先行詞有人又有物時，只能用that。如：

Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 拓展知識 考點3：先行詞是時間，地點，原因時引導詞的選用

(1).先行詞是時間, 地點，原因并在從句中作狀語時, 引導詞分別用when, where, why, 也可以用介詞+which結構。如：

I wanted to know the day when he was born.=I wanted to know the day on which he was born.我想知道他出生在哪一天。

He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago.=He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago.他仍然愛那所我們兩年前一起讀書的學校。

Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他遲到的原因嗎？(2).先行詞是時間, 地點并在從句中作主語或賓語時, 引導詞用which或者that。如： I remember the days which(that)we spent on the farm.我記得我們在農場渡過的日子。Lu Ming studies in the school which(that)was built 1 years ago.盧明在一所1年前建好的學校里讀書。

考點4：引導詞前有介詞時，先行詞是人,引導詞只能用whom, 先行詞是事物時，引導詞只用which。如：

This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.這是跟我談話很多的朋友。

Jacky stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived.杰克呆在那個魯迅曾經住過的房間。

考點5：先行詞是代詞時，先判斷其指代人還是指代物，再決定用哪個引導詞。如： I don’t like those who talk much but do little.我不喜歡說得多做得少的人。The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there.這睡著的老虎們比那些被訓練的大。賓 語 從 句

賓語從句是在主從復合句中作主句的賓語的句子。如：

Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.露絲說她下星期某時會來看我們。↓ ↓

主句 從句(賓語從句)Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告訴我他來自哪里嗎？ ↓ ↓ 主句 從句(賓語從句)考點1：引導詞的選用(1).陳述句的引導詞用that，常可省略。

I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou.He said.→He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他說他將要在廣州見他的網友。

(2).一般疑問句的引導詞用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or 時只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.→He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him.他問我是否會和他去打籃球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.→I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道這是快車還是慢車。

(3).特殊疑問句的引導詞用特殊疑問詞。How old are you? They want to know.→They want to know how old you are.他們想知道你多大年紀了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me.→He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他問我今天下午要做什么。考點2：語序(賓語從句中從句要用陳述句語序，即從句中的第1助動詞在主語之后）He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come”? 疑問語序(第1助動詞don’t 在主語you之前)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陳述語序(第1助動詞didn’t 在主語you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露絲想知道我是否會為你做個蛋糕。特殊：①.What’s wrong with ?在賓語從句中不變語序。如： I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。②.引導詞在從句中做主語時，語序不變。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克問我誰今天下午會給我們做報告。

(who 是引導詞，在賓語從句中作動詞would give的主語，本身己是陳述語序，不需再變。)考點3：時態（主句從句在時態上要一致）

(1).主句是現在時(一般現在時，一般將來時，現在進行時，現在完成時)，從句該用什么時態就用什么時態。

“John speaks highly of you.‖ Tom tells me.→Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me.湯姆告訴我約翰高度評價我。(主句用tells, 是一般現在時，從句原時態是speaks,在這里還是用speaks)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陳述語序(第1助動詞didn’t 在主語you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露絲想知道我是否會為你做個蛋糕。

(2).主句是過去時(一般過去時，過去進行時)，從句只用過去某種相應時態。“When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked.→The boy asked when they should have the meeting.男孩問他們應該什么時候開會。(主句用asked，是一般過去時，從句用相應的某種過去時，這里shall→should)(3).從句表示客觀真理或事實時，主句即使用過去時，從句仍然用一般現在時。“The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students.→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.老師告訴學生們地球繞著太陽走。

(主句用told, 為一般過去時，但從句中the earth goes around the sun是客觀事實，所以時態還用一般現在時，不用變)Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.考點4：賓語從句答題技巧(逐步排除法)先用語序判斷，再用時態求證，如有需要再用引導詞及意思去決定)如：

()–Everyone wanted to know _______________ yesterday.Could you tell us, Ann? – By bus, of course.It was too far away.A.how old are you B.where you will go C.how you went there D.why you were late 先從語序判斷，把A給排除了，再用時態去求證，主句用wanted，是一般過去時，從句該用過去的某種時態，從這一點考慮，把B給排除了，用引導詞及意思判斷，她的答語是By bus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。2015年中考英語單項選擇題匯編（賓語從句）20.－Excuse me, can you tell me _____? －At about 8 o’clock.（2015安順）A.what time the plane arrive in Beijing B.what time the plane will arrive Beijing C.what time the plane will reach Beijing D.what time will the plane get to Beijing 參考答案：C 10.－Could you tell me _____ the Dragon Boat Festival in China? －Sure.People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi.（2015長沙）A.when do people celebrate B.why people celebrate C.how people celebrate 參考答案：C 5.－Do you know _____? －Yes.It’s on your table.（2015三亞）A.where my dictionary is B.where is my dictionary C.when I bought my dictionary 參考答案：A 17.－Do you know _____? －For a month.（2015天津）A.how long will she be away B.how long she will be away C.how often will she go there D.how often she will go there 參考答案：B 10.－I wonder _____.－Yes, of course.（2015德州）A.where we can buy the parts B.how often you hear form your sister C.if I may have a word with you D.why he arrived late yesterday 參考答案：C 15.一Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me _____? —It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.（2015福州）

A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean C.what the Belt and Road means 參考答案：C 10.Could you tell me _____ a moment ago?（2015廣州）A.what were they talking about B.what are they talking about C.what they were talking about D.what they are talking about 參考答案：C 11.－Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday? －Sorry, I don’t know if he _____.But I know he _____ interest in sports.（2015克拉瑪依）A.will go;is B.goes;is C.goes;has no D.will go;has no 參考答案：D 10.－Do you know _____? －Sorry, I don’t know.（2015婁底）A.how old is he B.how old he is C.how old does he 參考答案：B 9.－Could you please tell me _____? －About twenty minutes ago.（2015呼和浩特）A.when did you see this kid B.where did you see this kid C.when you saw this kid D.where you saw this kid 參考答案：C 5.This morning my mother asked me _____.（2015克拉瑪依）A.why he is not here B.where Julia went last weekend C.what time is it D.how did my brother do it 參考答案：B 8.－Did you have a good time in Jining? －Come and have a look.My photos will show you _____.（2015濟寧）A.how was the trip B.why did we go there C.how we went there D.what the trip was like 參考答案：D 12.－Excuse me, could you tell me _____? －In five minutes.（2015蘇州）A.how soon will the film begin B.how soon the film will begin C.how long the film has been on D.how long has the film been on 參考答案：B 9.－Ms.Perry, can you tell me _____? －Africa.（2015溫州）

A.what the baby giraffe likes eating B.why the baby giraffe looks unhappy C.when the baby giraffe was born D.where the baby giraffe came from 參考答案：D 16.－Mr.Wang, can you tell me _____? －http://www.tmdps.cn will help you.（2015武威）A.what I can do to help you B.where can I get my score for this examination C.why I need some help D.where I can search for the information about education in our province 參考答案：D 15.－Can you tell me _____? －Sure.He lives on Center Street.（2015襄陽）A.where does he live B.where he lives C.why he lives there D.what does he do 參考答案：B 15.I don’t know _____.（2015益陽）A.where she comes from B.how old is she C.when was she born 參考答案：A 19.－I’d like to know _____.－Maybe in the forest.（2015重慶A/C卷）A.whether we will go camping B.where we will go camping C.whether will we go camping D.where will we go camping 參考答案：B 20.－Your book is very interesting.Could you tell me _____? －In Xinhua Bookstore next to our school.（2015重慶B卷）A.where did you buy it B.why did you buy it C.where you bought it D.why you bought it 參考答案：C 2015年中考英語單項選擇題匯編（定語從句）

8.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice.（2015呼和浩特）A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was 參考答案：D 3.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother.（2015杭州）A.which B.who C.whom D.what 參考答案：B 5.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.（2015廣州）A.that B.those C.who D.what 參考答案：A 14.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.—Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.（2015福州）A.that B.which C.who 參考答案：A 6.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.（2015德州）A.why B.whose C.who D.which 參考答案：C 19.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy.（2015安順）A.that B.where C.who D.when 參考答案：A 12.－Why are you so worried? －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.（2015泰安）A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 參考答案：D 15.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything.（2015克拉瑪依）A.whose B.who C.when D.which 參考答案：B 3.A friend is someone _____ says, ―What!You too? I thought I was the only one!‖（2015武威）A.who B.which C.what D.whose 參考答案：A 14.This is the book _____ tells many English stories.（2015自貢）A.what B.which C.who 參考答案：B 定語從句+賓語從句練習

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.He asked ________ for the violin.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 10Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see __________.A.who he is B.who is he C.who is it D.who it is 11.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 12.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 13.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _________ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.where D.what 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do _________ I can to save them, A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.which B.that C.whom D.what 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 17.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _________ will happen to her private life.A.that B.what C.it D.this 18.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.She never doubts __________ I can do such a foolish thing.If B.that C.when D.whether 21.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when 22.They believe that land did not belong to people but _________ people belong to land.A.that B.when C.where D.how 23.I am doubtful _________ he is still alive.A.that B.whether C.what D.when 24.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 25.You can’t imagine _____________.A.what did we have awful weather B.what weather awful we have C.what awful weather we did have D.what awful weather had we 26.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 27.---What did the teacher say to you just now?---She asked me __________.A.whether or not I finished my homework B.did I finish my work or not C.is my work finished or not D.if or not I have finish my work 28.No one could understand __________.A.that he was talking about B.what he was talking about C.he was talking about D.which he was talking 29.Who doubts __________ it is true? A.that B.if C.which D.what 30.From __________ I know of him I should say that he is reliable.A.what C.that C.how D.that which 31.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that 32.She want to know _________ child it was on the grass.A.who B.that C.what D.whose 33.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are 34.Do you want to try on these shoes to see ________ they’re the right size? A.as B.so C.that D.if 35.There is a nice-looking car there.Peter wonders _________.A.it belongs to who B.whom does it belong to C.whom it belongs to D.who does it belong 36.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it 37.The young couple was worried because neither of them was aware ________ they had lost the necklace.A.the place B.where C.which D.that 38.Could you please tell me __________? A.that the nearest post-office is located B.where is the nearest post office located C.where the nearest post office is located D.that is the nearest post office located 39.How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _________ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why 40.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds.A.what B.when C.why D.where 41.Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.A.how did Alice end the Red Queen's reign of terror（恐怖統治）B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror C.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror D.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror 42.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at 43.-What time will Mr.Brown be back to China?-Sorry.I don’t know ________.A.when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back D.how long he will stay abroad 44.The teacher asked the students __________.A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted

第四篇：初中定語從句

七．定語從句

一.定語從句的概念

在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二.引導定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關系副詞包括where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。三.定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四.關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。（that作賓語）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語時也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？

正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）注意：

（1）當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，whom，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

（4）關系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞指物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？

正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？

f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which，例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

（5）關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.例如： What’s that which is under the desk？

在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關系代詞前有介詞時，which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞指事物時，用which，而不用that，例如： Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。五.關系副詞的用法

1.when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，when在定語從句中作時間狀語。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

2.where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，where在定語從句中作地點狀語。例如： This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

3.why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，why在定語從句中做原因狀語。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

八．時間、條件、原因狀語從句

狀語從句指在句子中用作狀語的從句。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等九種狀語從句。

初中階段，我們學習的狀語從句主要有時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和原因狀語從句，今天我們就來學習以下這三種狀語從句。一.時間狀語從句

主要連詞：when、while、as、as soon as（一......就......）、before、after、since等。

【注意1】時間狀語從句要符合“主將從現”的原則：即主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時。例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就給你打電話。

I will give you a call when I arrive at London.我到倫敦后會給你打電話。

【注意2】since 的用法： since引導的時間狀語從句必須是一般過去時，其主句必須時現在完成時。例如：

Since I came to Beijing, I have lived here.自從我來到北京，我一直住在這里。

【注意3】while 引導的時間狀語從句中，謂語動詞必須時持續的;when 引導的時間狀語從句中，謂語動詞可以持續也可以不持續。例如：

While I was away last summer, my dog was taken good care of.我去年夏天離開的那段日子里，我的狗被照顧的很好。

When I lived in that small village，I often went to play in the field.當我住在那個小山村的時候，我經常去地里玩耍。

When the film ended，all the people began to go out of the cinema.電影結束后，所有的人都開始走出電影院。二.條件狀語從句

主要連詞：if, unless（除非=if...not...）, as long as（只要）等。【注意】條件狀語從句要符合“主將從現”的原則：即主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時。例如：

If it is fine tomorrow，we will have a picnic outdoors.如果明天天氣好，我們會在戶外野餐。

Unless you work hard, you won't succeed.（=If you don't work hard, you won't succeed.）除非你努力工作，否則你不會取得成功。As long as you go, I will go.只要你去，我就會去。三.原因狀語從句

主要連詞：because, as（由于）, since（因為，既然）等。

【注意】because 引導的原因是未知的原因，as和since引導的原因是已知的原因。例如： I didn't go to school because I was ill.因為我病了，所以沒有去上學。

As it is raining heavily, we won't go to the park.由于雨下得很大，我們就不去公園了。

Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，讓我們開始我們的會議吧。

第五篇：高中英語定語從句語法教學淺談

高中英語定語從句語法教學淺談

張先紅 滁州市 全椒縣 古河中學

2013-11-6 21:32:32

高中英語定語從句語法教學淺談

我國學生學習英語的環境基本上是一個非母語的環境，目前的學習條件如師資、設備、環境等從總體上說并不令人滿意。我并不贊同以往的語法翻譯教學法，但一味的淡化語法并不利于學生學好英語。語法好比語言的密碼，不懂語法顯然是行不通的。高考中寫一篇英語作文，這是重視英語語法的考試方法，下面以 定語從句的教學為例談一下我的具體做法。

一、定語從句的概念及引導詞

在（主從）復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

引導定語從句是關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語和定語；關系副詞有where,when ,why,在從句中充當狀語。

二、定語從句的基本類型

1、限定性定語從句

限定性定語從句一般緊挨先行詞，主從復合句之間關系密切，不能用逗號隔開，通常譯為一個句子。

e.g.Do you know the girl who is in red? I am the only person who was praised at the meeting.2、非限制性定語從句

非限制性定語從句一般用逗號與主句隔開，主從復合句之間關系不很密切，一般可譯為兩個句子，如果將從句身省去，主句意思仍然清楚。

e.g.He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry.Jack flew to Beijing yesterday,where a conference will be held.三、定語從句使用中的注意事項

1、which 與 that之區別

關系代詞that既指人又指物，which只指物，指物時，兩者有時可換用，有時則不能換用。

（1）指人或指物只能用 that 的情況 1)當先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing??不定代詞時。

e.g.All that can be done has been done.The thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the policeman.2)先行詞既指人又指物時

e.g.He spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen abroad.3)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞的最高級所修飾時

e.g.This is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever had.The first lesson that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still unforgettable.4)先行詞被the very, the only, the last, any,every修飾時

e.g.This is the very book(that)I’m looking for.5）先行詞是疑問詞who,what,which時

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it.What that is on the table belongs to me.6)關系代詞在從句中做表語時

e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情況

1）定性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子時

e.g.She added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled soup.2)先行詞在從句中做介詞賓語且介詞前置時

e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2、as與which

(1)as和which都能引導非限定性從句代表整個句子的內容，as

引導的從句可為于句首、句中或句末，而which引導的定語從句卻只能位于句末。

e.g.As is known to all ,China is a developing country.Jack, as is know ,is a film director.Crusoe went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如?..那樣”之意，而which則不含此意。

e.g.He didn’t give us a hand , as had been expected.(3)as在限定性定語從句中多與such, the same,連用，構成such?..as?, the same?.as?形式。

e.g.Such a film as you deseribed should not be shown at all.He told me the story as was told the other day.3、關系代詞或關系副詞之確定

是用關系代詞還是關系副詞引導定語從句，不是取決于先行詞，而是看定語從句中需要什么成分，如果需要主語、賓語、表語、定語就用關系代詞，如果需要狀語就要用關系副詞。

e.g.We visited the village which that is famous for its scenery yesterday.The day thatwhich we spent together on the island is pleasant.4、幾種特殊形式的非限制性定語從句

（1）n.pron.num.+of+whomwhich e.g.The old couple have five children,three of whom are farmers.There are many apples in the basket,most of which are red ones.I bought a book yesterday ,the cover of which is well designed.(2)介詞短語+whomwhich e.g.He lives in a village,in front of which flows a brook.There are 3 students in the picture,in the middle of whom is my brother.總之，在日常教學中，加強英語語法教學是非常必要的，對語法中的基礎知識要求學生牢固掌握。