第一篇：初中定語從句教學文檔

各位老師大家好，很高興能有這么一個機會和大家交流和探討英語教學上的心得和體會。希望各位老師能夠提出寶貴的意見。今天我和大家分享兩個方面的問題。第一：教師如何轉變自身的角色的問題;第二是：如何激活英語課堂。

《英語課程標準》提出學生的發展是英語課程的出發點和歸宿。英語課程在目標設定、教學過程、課程評價和教學資源的開發等方面都突出以學生為主體的思想。課程實施應成為學生在教師指導下構建知識、提高技能、磨礪意志、活躍思維、展現個性、發展心智和拓展視野的過程。教師應在教學過程中有意識的加以適當的引導，激發學生對于掌握一門外語的迫切需要性，引發他們學習的積極性和主動性，充分發揮學生在課堂上的主體作用。一堂成功的課，應該讓學生自始至終掌握主動權，教師只是充當“組織者” “促進者、”“合作者、”“咨詢者、”“參與者、”“引導者、”“顧問”等多種角色，最大限度地給學生提供參與的機會，學生的主體性得到了體現，自然就產生了求知和探究的欲望，也就把學習當作一件樂事。那么在以“學生為中心”的教學中教師應該扮演一個什么樣的角色呢？我認為教師扮演的是導演的角色，而學生就是演員的角色，就像張藝謀與鞏莉的關系一樣。試想如果把鞏莉與張藝謀的角色對調，那應是什么樣的結果，當然就不會有那么多優秀的影片的出現。而在平時的教學中會不會是這樣本末倒置呢？

（一）在課上老師講的太多。

如：在講述What’s your name？這樣一個句型時，老師首先問一個學生，然后那個學生回答My name is____。然后一個接一個的問What’s your name？My name is____。然后問學生說，聽明白了嗎？學生齊聲說Yes！然后又對另一排說：How old are you？I’m____year old。還是一個一個的問，然后又接著問Do you understand？學生異口同聲說yes！可是大家想一想，在課上的大部分時間都是老師“脫口秀”？而學生更象是觀眾，這樣下來我們的口語得到很大提升而學生們真正練的機會卻是少得可憐，這是不是沒有把學生放在中心的位置啊！雖然在教案中也體現了以學生為中心，但是真正操作起來又有幾個能做的到位呢？

（二）、老師“控制”著學生不讓他們講話

我們有一個誤解，只要學生們安安靜靜的在那聽課那就算是一節好課，No！要知道，學生學習知識的20%是來源于智力因素，而80%是來源于與同學們的互助，換句話說：學生在我們老師這學到的還不如他們從同伴那學到的多。國外有人做過這樣一個研究：把兩個平行班，一個班按傳統的講授方式，另一個班進行互動式的活動課教學。一個學期下來，一檢測有互動的班級學生智力普遍高于另一個班級，這足以說明沒有互動和活動的課堂是缺乏思維活力的課堂，像這樣的課堂終會被時代所淘汰。

（三）、老師忽略了學生的情感

在北京海淀區有關專家做了這樣一個調查，從小學一年級到高中，采用問卷的方式調查學生對英語的喜歡率。專家們奇怪的發現：一年級有96%的孩子喜歡英語；二年級94%，六年級50%；初中30%；高中5%—10%。這個調查結果是值得我們反思的。如果我們把學生教的大部分都不喜歡，我們這一科了。是不是該思考一下我們的教學思想和教學方式改更新換代了呢？前兩天我聽了這樣一節公開課，那老師既年輕又漂亮，一進教室，學生們就眼前一亮。她開口說“Today we will have a special lesson ；We’ll have birthday party。學生們都瞪起眼來了。她提問了一個學生，When is your birthday？學生回答My_______。然后老師說Good！Sit down。之后就轉身在黑板上寫A birthday part，而把學生們都亮在了那里，用后腦勺對著學生，可這時候學生們都等著有什么特殊的party了，她卻說We’ll learn lesson7。When is your birthday？結果學生們頭一下子就低下來了。就聽有一個學生悄悄地說，還以為有什么新花樣呢？原來還是那樣。其實為什么學生不喜歡我們的課，是咱們老師太在意自己了。我們站在學生的角度考慮過嗎？咱們知道我們的學生在想些什么嗎？咱們知道他們喜歡什么嗎？我們不了解學生，而我們又放不下老師的架子。怎么讓我們的學生喜歡我們，從而喜歡英語呢？往往我們會聽到有些老師說：“今天班上某某人要是不來就好了”可是學生呢卻希望那個老師生病該多好啊。那么不能不說我們我們的教學很失敗，我們應該多了解我們的學生，應該考慮他們這個年齡喜歡什么，簡言之，知己知彼，方能百戰不貽。

（四）、中國傳統教育思想的問題。

親愛的老師們咱們先做個實驗，各位老師你們看到了什么（拿一張白紙，上面有一個黑點），各位老師，這么大的一張紙咱們沒看到，這么一個黑點咱們倒是看到了。學生有許多的優點咱們沒有發現，就一個缺點咱們卻看到了。這個實驗足以說明一切。平時和同事們聊天的時候總是聽到這樣的話：“我們班的學生就是不愛回答問題，唉！真是讓人頭疼。”為了找到愿意我就去聽課了，那天講的是食物。有這樣一句話，What’ your favourite food？老師說Who can？有一個學生舉起了手。老師非常高興就讓那學生讀這句話。學生讀的是What’s your favourit foot？老師馬上說No，No，What’s your favourit food？學生說foot，不對food。學生說foot，老師又說不對不對是food，學生說老師我不會。，我講到這有些老師笑了，看來大家都知道了，這位老師班上為什么沒有愿意回答問題了，相反在國外老師同樣的一個問題，他們都是給予肯定，并激勵學生，所以下次老師說Who want to try?,那個回答問題的學生第一個舉手.可想而然這激勵和常識的效果有多有效。

還有各位老師你覺得自己的英語口語還不錯的請舉手。很好那么認為老師的英語好學生的英語才能好的請舉手，換一下認為學生的英語好，那么老師的英語一定好的請舉手。那么你認為cctv10希望英語上的那些選手們他們的英語比你怎么樣，所以老師英語好而且能激勵他的學生才能把英語教的比自己還好，各位認同嗎？反以說激勵重要不重要。No，非常重要。

（五）、只要教材里有的就一定要講嗎？

不一定。新課標規定教師可以對教材根據學生情況進行刪減或補充，也就是說怎樣設計一節課，老師是有自由按照自己的認識對教材進行靈活的運用。我個人認為教材就是語言訓練的材料，是教學活動中的一個工具，教師可以自由而靈活運用這個工具，打一個比方，教材就像一個超市，教師想要什么要以到超市中去拿而不是把整個超市都買下來。新的課程標準孕育了新的教材，新教材之“新”不僅體現在它的內容上，新的課程標準孕育了新的教材，新教材之“新”不僅體現在它的內容上，更體現在它的功能上。新教材不是讓學生在頭腦中復制教科書所呈現的一切，而是憑借它激活學生的思維。因此新的課程要求教師樹立一種新的教材觀，擯棄那種“教教科書”的課程，變學會“ 用教科書教”。這對教師如何處理教材提出了新的要求，一方面教師要充分理解教材所闡發的道理，所講述的知識，將教材同化為自己的智能，另一方面在實際駕馭課程和教學中，在具體的教學情景中不斷開發與教材不同的教材目標，教學內容與資源，獲的教材規定以外的教學效果。基于以上理論，我以學生發展為本的教學理念出發，依據冀教版教材，在具體教學環境下，對新課程內容進行了適合于學生學習，有利于學生發展的增刪和重組，創造的使用了教材，受到了很好的教學效果。

通過上面我個問題的探討大家應該能到達成一個共識就是外語學習的首要任務是“學”而不是“教”。科德（Corder,1981）曾經說過，有效的語言教學不應違背自然過程，而應適應自然過程；不應阻礙學習，而應有助于學習并促進學習；不能令學生去適應教師和教材，而應讓教師和教材去適應學生。作為外語教師，我們知道，英語不同于其他基礎學科，它是一門實踐課，其語言技能是需要通過學生個人的時間才能培養和提高的。因此，他的教學效果在很大程度上取決于學生的主觀能動性和參與性。認知理論認為，英語學習的過程也就是新舊語言知識不斷結合的過程，也是語言能力從理論知識轉化為自動應用的過程。而這種結合和轉化都必須通過學生自身活動才能得以實現。

第二部分結合教學案例一談教案設計中的課堂評價環節。

在這一部分我想談一談教案設計中的小結式課堂檢測。教師想要了解，在課堂中學生是否真中的掌握了該學的知識和技能，掌握的程度怎么樣就需要進行課堂檢測。檢測是很靈活多樣的，可以在每次課快結束時，也可以在課堂訓練中，可以是隨機的，也可以是集體的，可以是學生互檢，也可以是教師提問。總之，教師要和學生形成一種互動。有很多老師經常會這樣問學生：“會了嗎？懂了嗎？”學生們都會說會了，懂了。但實際上各位什么叫“會”，會是有標準的。現在大家一齊考慮什么叫“會”，換句話說就是，課堂評價的標準是什么。我想我們就從學生學習的五個階段進行評價。“會”分別是：understand、Remember、skill、export、apply。分別是理解、記憶、熟練、輸出、應用。首先是理解，大家都知道，沒有理解的內容是無法記住的。這也是一般人認為的會了，其實不然。理解只是第一步，為了讓學生理解，老師應該做的就是教學設計中的導入和呈現部分。只要能便于學生理解，這部分通常是老師來呈現，大家注意為什么我沒有用“講解”這個詞而用的是“呈現”，因為以學生為中心的課中單純講解是無法使學生理解的，所以老師應該有許多的方法便于學生理解，俗話說“教無定法”，我們老師無論用什么方法或故事或圖片，或實物，或影音資料都可以。良好的開端是成功的一半。”風趣的開場白，生動的故事，再配以投影片、錄音機等所承載的視聽材料、影視歌曲、電影錄音剪輯等，都會不由自主地引起學生的無意注意，激發學生的學習興趣。例如：我在講book2 lesson37 這一課時就用兩個方法進行導入，此課有兩部分，第一部分是一天氣和溫度為主題，第二部分是以形狀為主體展開對話。通過對課文的剖析，我認為可以將兩部分的順序打亂，現講第二部分的內容，我用的實物直觀導入法，和圖片導入法，學生很快就進入狀態，并且學生不會發現，老師刻意設計的痕跡；第一部分的內容為天氣，所以從第二部分的訓練到第一部分的過渡是教學設計的難題，后來在看電視的時候受到啟發，就用天氣預報開始的音樂進行導入。而且告訴學生，listen and have a rest.聽音樂并休息一會，接著就問，聽到這首音樂你們想到了什么？主題很簡單，話題又很常見，學生們立刻就踴躍的舉手，使課堂氣氛更加的活躍。呈現出本課的重要句型：“What’s the temperature？學生理解階段就算告一段落，理解只是第一步，在學生理解了重點知識的基礎上，就得記憶 第二步，我們可以用各種方法幫助學生記憶，記憶單詞的方法有很多如聯想法、圖片法、編故事、語音法等。如學習記憶這幾個詞Olympic hippo map family name banana 就可以用聯想法等等。

第三步，熟練如果記憶像是往倉庫里存放東西，那么熟練就是為了能在用時取出倉庫里的東西。想要使學生達到熟練老師就學要設計各種訓練方法。同時還要注意學生的“狀態“。

第四步和第五步就是教學目標的達成，輸出和應用，學要老師創設情境，并與生活相聯系。因為應用是我們教學的最終目的。

我們在教學設計中如果能把握著五個步驟，就能掌控課堂，就能駕輕就熟，輕松玩轉英語課堂。

總之一句話概括我們備課和教學應注意的內容就是：一個中心——以學生為中心。三個注意事項——導課、訓練、檢測，五大評價標準——理解、記憶、熟練、輸出、運用。

第二篇：初中定語從句

定語從句

一.定語從句的功用和結構

在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關聯詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.各個關系代詞和關系副詞的具體用法

1.who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.三.關系代詞 whom，which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.四.具體使用時還要注意下列問題：

1.只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

(1)先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如：

All that he said is true.(2)先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。

This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that 的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定語從句由介詞+關系代詞引導，先行詞是物時。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.一.單項填空

1.---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh!It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 5.He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 6.Mr.White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which 7.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where 8.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.where

第三篇：初中定語從句

定語從句

定語從句是在主從復合句中修飾某個名詞或代詞句子，它在句中作定語。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，連接先行詞和定語從句的詞叫引導詞(也叫關系詞)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.我認識那個正坐在樹下的女孩。↓ ↘引導詞 ↓

先行詞 從句(定語從句)This is the most interesting book that he has ever read.這是他所讀過的書中最有趣的一本。↓ ↘引導詞 ↓

先行詞 從句(定語從句)考點1：先行詞是人時引導詞的選用

(1).先行詞是人，引導詞后緊跟動詞時用who或that.如：

Here comes the man who(that)wants to see you.想見你的那個人來了。(先行詞是the man, 引導詞后緊跟動詞wants, 故引導詞用who / that)(2).先行詞是人，引導詞后緊跟的不是動詞時要用who, whom, that.如： This is the person whom(who, that)you are looking for.這正是你要找的人。

(先行詞是the person, 引導詞后緊跟的是you, 不是動詞, 故引導詞可用who / whom / that)考點2：先行詞是物時引導詞的選用

(1).先行詞是物時，一般情況下引導詞可以用which或that.如：

Mary like music that(which)is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡安靜柔和的音樂。(先行詞是music, 引導詞可用which / that)The film which(that)we saw last night was very interesting.我們昨晚看的電影非常有趣。(先行詞是film, 引導詞可用which / that)。

Have you written down everything that Mr.Lin has said? 你寫下林先生所說的每樣東西了嗎？ All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己經做了。There is little that I can do for you.我能為你做的事幾乎沒有了。

②.當先行詞由以下詞修飾時，引導詞只用that.這些詞有：only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little, few等。如：

That is the very dress that I want to buy.那正是我要買的裙子。English is the only subject that I like.英語是我唯一喜歡的科目。Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打掃房間是我能為你做的最后一事。

③.當先行詞有序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，引導詞只用that.This is the fifth school that I have taught so far.這是我目前為止教過的第5所學校。Mr.Li’s class is the most interesting one that I have ever had.李老師的課是我上過的最有趣的課。

④.當先行詞有人又有物時，只能用that。如：

Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 拓展知識 考點3：先行詞是時間，地點，原因時引導詞的選用

(1).先行詞是時間, 地點，原因并在從句中作狀語時, 引導詞分別用when, where, why, 也可以用介詞+which結構。如：

I wanted to know the day when he was born.=I wanted to know the day on which he was born.我想知道他出生在哪一天。

He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago.=He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago.他仍然愛那所我們兩年前一起讀書的學校。

Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他遲到的原因嗎？(2).先行詞是時間, 地點并在從句中作主語或賓語時, 引導詞用which或者that。如： I remember the days which(that)we spent on the farm.我記得我們在農場渡過的日子。Lu Ming studies in the school which(that)was built 1 years ago.盧明在一所1年前建好的學校里讀書。

考點4：引導詞前有介詞時，先行詞是人,引導詞只能用whom, 先行詞是事物時，引導詞只用which。如：

This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.這是跟我談話很多的朋友。

Jacky stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived.杰克呆在那個魯迅曾經住過的房間。

考點5：先行詞是代詞時，先判斷其指代人還是指代物，再決定用哪個引導詞。如： I don’t like those who talk much but do little.我不喜歡說得多做得少的人。The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there.這睡著的老虎們比那些被訓練的大。賓 語 從 句

賓語從句是在主從復合句中作主句的賓語的句子。如：

Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.露絲說她下星期某時會來看我們。↓ ↓

主句 從句(賓語從句)Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告訴我他來自哪里嗎？ ↓ ↓ 主句 從句(賓語從句)考點1：引導詞的選用(1).陳述句的引導詞用that，常可省略。

I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou.He said.→He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他說他將要在廣州見他的網友。

(2).一般疑問句的引導詞用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or 時只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.→He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him.他問我是否會和他去打籃球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.→I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道這是快車還是慢車。

(3).特殊疑問句的引導詞用特殊疑問詞。How old are you? They want to know.→They want to know how old you are.他們想知道你多大年紀了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me.→He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他問我今天下午要做什么。考點2：語序(賓語從句中從句要用陳述句語序，即從句中的第1助動詞在主語之后）He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come”? 疑問語序(第1助動詞don’t 在主語you之前)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陳述語序(第1助動詞didn’t 在主語you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露絲想知道我是否會為你做個蛋糕。特殊：①.What’s wrong with ?在賓語從句中不變語序。如： I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。②.引導詞在從句中做主語時，語序不變。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克問我誰今天下午會給我們做報告。

(who 是引導詞，在賓語從句中作動詞would give的主語，本身己是陳述語序，不需再變。)考點3：時態（主句從句在時態上要一致）

(1).主句是現在時(一般現在時，一般將來時，現在進行時，現在完成時)，從句該用什么時態就用什么時態。

“John speaks highly of you.‖ Tom tells me.→Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me.湯姆告訴我約翰高度評價我。(主句用tells, 是一般現在時，從句原時態是speaks,在這里還是用speaks)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陳述語序(第1助動詞didn’t 在主語you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露絲想知道我是否會為你做個蛋糕。

(2).主句是過去時(一般過去時，過去進行時)，從句只用過去某種相應時態。“When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked.→The boy asked when they should have the meeting.男孩問他們應該什么時候開會。(主句用asked，是一般過去時，從句用相應的某種過去時，這里shall→should)(3).從句表示客觀真理或事實時，主句即使用過去時，從句仍然用一般現在時。“The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students.→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.老師告訴學生們地球繞著太陽走。

(主句用told, 為一般過去時，但從句中the earth goes around the sun是客觀事實，所以時態還用一般現在時，不用變)Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.考點4：賓語從句答題技巧(逐步排除法)先用語序判斷，再用時態求證，如有需要再用引導詞及意思去決定)如：

()–Everyone wanted to know _______________ yesterday.Could you tell us, Ann? – By bus, of course.It was too far away.A.how old are you B.where you will go C.how you went there D.why you were late 先從語序判斷，把A給排除了，再用時態去求證，主句用wanted，是一般過去時，從句該用過去的某種時態，從這一點考慮，把B給排除了，用引導詞及意思判斷，她的答語是By bus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。2015年中考英語單項選擇題匯編（賓語從句）20.－Excuse me, can you tell me _____? －At about 8 o’clock.（2015安順）A.what time the plane arrive in Beijing B.what time the plane will arrive Beijing C.what time the plane will reach Beijing D.what time will the plane get to Beijing 參考答案：C 10.－Could you tell me _____ the Dragon Boat Festival in China? －Sure.People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi.（2015長沙）A.when do people celebrate B.why people celebrate C.how people celebrate 參考答案：C 5.－Do you know _____? －Yes.It’s on your table.（2015三亞）A.where my dictionary is B.where is my dictionary C.when I bought my dictionary 參考答案：A 17.－Do you know _____? －For a month.（2015天津）A.how long will she be away B.how long she will be away C.how often will she go there D.how often she will go there 參考答案：B 10.－I wonder _____.－Yes, of course.（2015德州）A.where we can buy the parts B.how often you hear form your sister C.if I may have a word with you D.why he arrived late yesterday 參考答案：C 15.一Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me _____? —It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.（2015福州）

A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean C.what the Belt and Road means 參考答案：C 10.Could you tell me _____ a moment ago?（2015廣州）A.what were they talking about B.what are they talking about C.what they were talking about D.what they are talking about 參考答案：C 11.－Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday? －Sorry, I don’t know if he _____.But I know he _____ interest in sports.（2015克拉瑪依）A.will go;is B.goes;is C.goes;has no D.will go;has no 參考答案：D 10.－Do you know _____? －Sorry, I don’t know.（2015婁底）A.how old is he B.how old he is C.how old does he 參考答案：B 9.－Could you please tell me _____? －About twenty minutes ago.（2015呼和浩特）A.when did you see this kid B.where did you see this kid C.when you saw this kid D.where you saw this kid 參考答案：C 5.This morning my mother asked me _____.（2015克拉瑪依）A.why he is not here B.where Julia went last weekend C.what time is it D.how did my brother do it 參考答案：B 8.－Did you have a good time in Jining? －Come and have a look.My photos will show you _____.（2015濟寧）A.how was the trip B.why did we go there C.how we went there D.what the trip was like 參考答案：D 12.－Excuse me, could you tell me _____? －In five minutes.（2015蘇州）A.how soon will the film begin B.how soon the film will begin C.how long the film has been on D.how long has the film been on 參考答案：B 9.－Ms.Perry, can you tell me _____? －Africa.（2015溫州）

A.what the baby giraffe likes eating B.why the baby giraffe looks unhappy C.when the baby giraffe was born D.where the baby giraffe came from 參考答案：D 16.－Mr.Wang, can you tell me _____? －http://www.tmdps.cn will help you.（2015武威）A.what I can do to help you B.where can I get my score for this examination C.why I need some help D.where I can search for the information about education in our province 參考答案：D 15.－Can you tell me _____? －Sure.He lives on Center Street.（2015襄陽）A.where does he live B.where he lives C.why he lives there D.what does he do 參考答案：B 15.I don’t know _____.（2015益陽）A.where she comes from B.how old is she C.when was she born 參考答案：A 19.－I’d like to know _____.－Maybe in the forest.（2015重慶A/C卷）A.whether we will go camping B.where we will go camping C.whether will we go camping D.where will we go camping 參考答案：B 20.－Your book is very interesting.Could you tell me _____? －In Xinhua Bookstore next to our school.（2015重慶B卷）A.where did you buy it B.why did you buy it C.where you bought it D.why you bought it 參考答案：C 2015年中考英語單項選擇題匯編（定語從句）

8.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice.（2015呼和浩特）A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was 參考答案：D 3.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother.（2015杭州）A.which B.who C.whom D.what 參考答案：B 5.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.（2015廣州）A.that B.those C.who D.what 參考答案：A 14.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.—Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.（2015福州）A.that B.which C.who 參考答案：A 6.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.（2015德州）A.why B.whose C.who D.which 參考答案：C 19.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy.（2015安順）A.that B.where C.who D.when 參考答案：A 12.－Why are you so worried? －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.（2015泰安）A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 參考答案：D 15.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything.（2015克拉瑪依）A.whose B.who C.when D.which 參考答案：B 3.A friend is someone _____ says, ―What!You too? I thought I was the only one!‖（2015武威）A.who B.which C.what D.whose 參考答案：A 14.This is the book _____ tells many English stories.（2015自貢）A.what B.which C.who 參考答案：B 定語從句+賓語從句練習

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.He asked ________ for the violin.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 10Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see __________.A.who he is B.who is he C.who is it D.who it is 11.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 12.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 13.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _________ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.where D.what 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do _________ I can to save them, A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.which B.that C.whom D.what 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 17.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _________ will happen to her private life.A.that B.what C.it D.this 18.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.She never doubts __________ I can do such a foolish thing.If B.that C.when D.whether 21.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when 22.They believe that land did not belong to people but _________ people belong to land.A.that B.when C.where D.how 23.I am doubtful _________ he is still alive.A.that B.whether C.what D.when 24.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 25.You can’t imagine _____________.A.what did we have awful weather B.what weather awful we have C.what awful weather we did have D.what awful weather had we 26.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 27.---What did the teacher say to you just now?---She asked me __________.A.whether or not I finished my homework B.did I finish my work or not C.is my work finished or not D.if or not I have finish my work 28.No one could understand __________.A.that he was talking about B.what he was talking about C.he was talking about D.which he was talking 29.Who doubts __________ it is true? A.that B.if C.which D.what 30.From __________ I know of him I should say that he is reliable.A.what C.that C.how D.that which 31.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that 32.She want to know _________ child it was on the grass.A.who B.that C.what D.whose 33.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are 34.Do you want to try on these shoes to see ________ they’re the right size? A.as B.so C.that D.if 35.There is a nice-looking car there.Peter wonders _________.A.it belongs to who B.whom does it belong to C.whom it belongs to D.who does it belong 36.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it 37.The young couple was worried because neither of them was aware ________ they had lost the necklace.A.the place B.where C.which D.that 38.Could you please tell me __________? A.that the nearest post-office is located B.where is the nearest post office located C.where the nearest post office is located D.that is the nearest post office located 39.How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _________ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why 40.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds.A.what B.when C.why D.where 41.Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.A.how did Alice end the Red Queen's reign of terror（恐怖統治）B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror C.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror D.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror 42.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at 43.-What time will Mr.Brown be back to China?-Sorry.I don’t know ________.A.when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back D.how long he will stay abroad 44.The teacher asked the students __________.A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted

第四篇：初中定語從句

七．定語從句

一.定語從句的概念

在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二.引導定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關系副詞包括where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。三.定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四.關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。（that作賓語）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語時也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？

正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）注意：

（1）當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，whom，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

（3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

（4）關系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞指物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？

正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？

f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which，例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

（5）關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.例如： What’s that which is under the desk？

在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關系代詞前有介詞時，which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞指事物時，用which，而不用that，例如： Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。五.關系副詞的用法

1.when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，when在定語從句中作時間狀語。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

2.where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，where在定語從句中作地點狀語。例如： This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

3.why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，why在定語從句中做原因狀語。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

八．時間、條件、原因狀語從句

狀語從句指在句子中用作狀語的從句。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等九種狀語從句。

初中階段，我們學習的狀語從句主要有時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和原因狀語從句，今天我們就來學習以下這三種狀語從句。一.時間狀語從句

主要連詞：when、while、as、as soon as（一......就......）、before、after、since等。

【注意1】時間狀語從句要符合“主將從現”的原則：即主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時。例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就給你打電話。

I will give you a call when I arrive at London.我到倫敦后會給你打電話。

【注意2】since 的用法： since引導的時間狀語從句必須是一般過去時，其主句必須時現在完成時。例如：

Since I came to Beijing, I have lived here.自從我來到北京，我一直住在這里。

【注意3】while 引導的時間狀語從句中，謂語動詞必須時持續的;when 引導的時間狀語從句中，謂語動詞可以持續也可以不持續。例如：

While I was away last summer, my dog was taken good care of.我去年夏天離開的那段日子里，我的狗被照顧的很好。

When I lived in that small village，I often went to play in the field.當我住在那個小山村的時候，我經常去地里玩耍。

When the film ended，all the people began to go out of the cinema.電影結束后，所有的人都開始走出電影院。二.條件狀語從句

主要連詞：if, unless（除非=if...not...）, as long as（只要）等。【注意】條件狀語從句要符合“主將從現”的原則：即主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時。例如：

If it is fine tomorrow，we will have a picnic outdoors.如果明天天氣好，我們會在戶外野餐。

Unless you work hard, you won't succeed.（=If you don't work hard, you won't succeed.）除非你努力工作，否則你不會取得成功。As long as you go, I will go.只要你去，我就會去。三.原因狀語從句

主要連詞：because, as（由于）, since（因為，既然）等。

【注意】because 引導的原因是未知的原因，as和since引導的原因是已知的原因。例如： I didn't go to school because I was ill.因為我病了，所以沒有去上學。

As it is raining heavily, we won't go to the park.由于雨下得很大，我們就不去公園了。

Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，讓我們開始我們的會議吧。

第五篇：初中英語語法歸納：定語從句

初中英語語法歸納：定語從句一 名詞性從句:

1.主要包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句.一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.2.主語從句很多情況下都可以放到句子后面,而用代詞it作形式上的主語.:

3.形式賓語

4.由名詞性關系代詞whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的賓語從句

5.whether and if 都能引導從句, 但用法有所不同.當主語從句直接位于句首時,應用whether,而不用if.Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.Whether he will come or not is not known.6.在名詞reason后的表語從句必須用that引導, 不可誤用 because.The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.二: 定語從句

1.引導定語從句的關系詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which.在非限制定語從句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整個句子, 多用which.2.當引導定語從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前為形容詞最高級所修飾時,或先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時,從句的引導詞只能用that.3.as 可做引導詞引導定語從句, 多和such, the same 連用.As 引導的定語從句也可修飾整個句子, 既可放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開頭.4.介詞+which/whom/whose從句

5.代/名+介詞+which 從句

6.同位語從句和定語從句

三、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that，which，who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關系副詞包括where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

四、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

五、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

注意：(1)當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

(4)關系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

五、關系副詞的用法

(1)when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

(2)where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

(3)why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。