第一篇：with用法小結(jié)

with用法小結(jié)

一、with表擁有某物

Mary married a man with a lot of money.馬莉嫁給了一個有著很多錢的男人。

I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.我經(jīng)常夢想有一個帶花園的大房子。

二、with表用某種工具或手段

I cut the apple with a sharp knife.我用一把鋒利的刀削平果。

Tom drew the picture with a pencil.湯母用鉛筆畫畫。

三、with表人與人之間的協(xié)同關(guān)系

make friends with sb

talk with sb

quarrel with sb與……吵架

fight with sb與……打架

play with sb

work with sb years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him.自從我們一起工作以來，我和湯姆已經(jīng)是十年的朋友了，我們從沒有吵過架。

四、with 表原因或理由.這種語義的with多半與表示情緒的詞連用.John was in bed with high fever.約翰因發(fā)燒臥床。

He jumped up with joy.他因高興跳起來。

Father is often excited with wine.父親常因白酒變的興奮。

五、with 表“帶來”，或“帶有,具有”，”在…身上，在…身邊”之意（相當于having, carrying）

The girl with golden hair looks beautiful.那個金頭發(fā)的女孩看起來漂亮。

The famous director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress.那個有名的導(dǎo)演將帶著男女主角來到會場。

Do you have money with you.身上帶著錢嗎？

Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.隨身帶傘，以防下雨。

注意：with ,about ,和in均可表示特征和屬性.With表示屬于人和物的顯著特點;about表示附屬于人或物不可捉摸的的特點;in表示附屬與人或物的內(nèi)部固有特點.﹡His uncle is an old man with a red nose.它的叔叔是位紅鼻子老人。

﹡There is a certain charm about that man.那個人有某種魅力。

﹡There is something strange in him.他身上有點奇怪的地方。

六、with表想法，信念，態(tài)度與…一致

I agree with you on how to deal with it.關(guān)于此事如何處理，我同意你的看法。

七、with表示讓步,“雖有,盡管”

With all his money and fame, he is not happy.有著錢和名譽，他還是不快樂。

With good teachers and warmhearted classmates, the new comer feels lonely.雖有著好老師和熱心的同學(xué)，這個新來的還是感覺孤獨。

八、with表同時，或同一方向，“隨著”

The temperature of cold-blooded animals change with the temperature of the surroundings.冷血動物的體溫隨著周圍的環(huán)境的改變而變化。

The big ship is sailing with the wind.這個大船正隨風(fēng)向航行。

And with the last words, she turned away.隨著最后一句話說完，他轉(zhuǎn)身離開了。

九．With后加上一個名詞（多為表情緒的詞），表示“。。。地”等情態(tài)意義，其作用相當于一個副詞。with care =carefully ﹡with difficulty=difficultly ﹡with warmth=warmly﹡with curiosity=curiously ﹡ with pride=proudly

十、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表行為方式或伴隨情況

1、with + n/pron + adj.He left the room with the door open.門開著，他就離開了屋子。Don’t talk with your mouse full.嘴里滿是東西時不要說話。

2、with + n/pron + adv.With the radio on ,grandma slept deeply in the chair.收音機開者，奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡著。

With Tom away , I always feel lonely.湯母不在，我一直感覺孤獨。

3、with + n/pron + done

The fellow stood there with his hands crossed.這個家伙兩手交叉，站在那里。

The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in.莊稼都收割了，農(nóng)民們有了一個好收成。

4、with + n/pron + to do

With this book to help you , you can finish your work as soon as possible.有這本書來幫忙，你能盡快完成工作。

With so many problems to settle ,the new manager was too worried to eat anything.有著太多問題要去處理，新經(jīng)理擔(dān)憂的吃不下任何東西。

5、with + n/pron + n

The old man looks down upon everyone ,with his son chairman of the company.因為他兒子是公司的主席，這個老頭瞧不起任何人。

He was taken to hospital with his legs a mass of bleeding flesh.他被抬到醫(yī)院，他的腿血肉模糊。

6、with + n/pron + 介詞短語

The man left the meeting with a book in his hand.這個男人手里拿著書離開了會議。

The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy.那個脖子上帶項鏈的女人一定很有錢。

十、with其他用法主要出現(xiàn)在一些常用詞和習(xí)語中，記住其特定含義即可。如： It is a long time not to get in touch with Tom.很長時間沒有和湯母取得聯(lián)系了。

Down with imperialism.打倒帝國主義。

第二篇：it用法小結(jié)

小結(jié)(2008-12-08 15:57:31)

標簽：教育

It用法小結(jié)

it在英語語法中屬人稱代詞，意思是“它”，用來指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不僅不簡單，而且很復(fù)雜。

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、無生命的東西和事情。

一般指說話者心目中已經(jīng)了解或所指的生物、無生命的東西或事情、沒有性別的區(qū)分；可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞，在句子中既可做主語，也可以作賓語。

1．指動物和植物。如：

—Oh，that's Lucy's hat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。

—It looks like a cat！它看上去像只貓！

Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．

什么地方種植茶？中國東南部種植茶。

2．指代一些無生命的東西。如：

Is it your watch？這是你的手表嗎？

Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？看這雨！雨很大，對嗎？

3．代替上文提到過的整個事情。如：

Well，you mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。這太危險了！It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．摘蘋果是艱苦活，可他們都樂意去干（它）。

二、用于指代人。

1．指代說話者心目中不太清楚的那個人，常在打電話或敲門時用。如：

—Who was it？是誰（打來的電話）？

—Was it Susan？（打電話的）是蘇珊嗎？

—Yes，it was．是的，我是。（根據(jù)上下句，“it was”也可不譯出來。）

再如：—Who is knocking at the door？誰在敲門？

—It's me．是我。

2．指說話者心目中的那個人。如：

—Is it your sister，Kate？（那舊照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凱特吧？

—No！不是。

—Is it your brother？是你哥哥吧？

—No！不是。

—I know—it's you！我知道了，（那）是你。

3．指代性別不詳?shù)膵胗變夯蛟诓挥嬢^性別時，也可用it來指人。如

The child smiled when it saw its mother．這小孩一見到母親就笑了。

I don't know who it is．我不知道他是誰。

注意：看到這樣的句子（或聽到這樣的話）時，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它譯成“它”。）

4．在回答用指示代詞表示人的特殊問句時，常用it指人。如：

—Who's that？那人是誰？

—Is it Kate？是凱特嗎？

—Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate．是的，我想你說對了，是凱特。

三、用于指時間、距離和自然現(xiàn)象等。

1．表示時間。如：

—What time is it？幾點鐘？

—It's ten．十點鐘。

It's summer in Australia now．現(xiàn)在澳大利亞是夏天。

特別注意it用于表示時間時還常見于以下兩個句型中：

（1）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．譯為“是（某人）該干??的時間了”、“到??的時候了”。如：

It's time for supper／to have supper．是吃晚飯的時候了。

I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．我想現(xiàn)在是我們開始上課的時候了。

（2）It is ／has been ＋時間段＋since ＋一般過去時。譯為“自從??以來已過了??（時間）”。此結(jié)構(gòu)可以與另一種句型進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

It has been two weeks since we met last．＝ Two weeks has passed since we met last．自從我們上次相遇以來，兩個星期過去了。

It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．他到這里已經(jīng)三年了。

2．表示距離。如：

It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．從我家到學(xué)校步行得花半小時時間?！猈here's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？李雷，農(nóng)場在哪里？遠嗎？

—No，it's quite near．不，（距）離這很近。

3．表示自然現(xiàn)象。如：

Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．有時下雪，大地一片白。

It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下這兒很安靜。

四、用作形式主語。

英語中常常見到某個句子以it開頭，it與其后面的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語、名詞性從句等相呼應(yīng)，以表達一個完整的意義。這是一種習(xí)慣表達法，這樣的句式可避免句子顯得頭重腳輕。

1．It＋is／was＋形容詞＋（for／of sb．）＋動詞不定式短語。對于這個句型中究竟用 for還是用of，一般遵循這樣的規(guī)則：如果形容詞僅僅是描述事物的形容詞，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容詞是描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等則用of。如：

It is interesting to play with snow in winter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。

It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水質(zhì)清潔對我們來說是很重要的。It's very kind of you to say so．你這樣說真是太好了。

注意：這一句式中的形容詞位置也可換用名詞；連系動詞be也可換用其它連系動詞，如feel等。如：

It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。

It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。It feels strange to have a twin sister．有個孿生姐妹感覺很奇怪。

2．It ＋will be／is ／was ＋形容詞＋動名詞短語。如：

It's bad playing in the street．在街上玩是沒好處的。

Is it any good trying again？再試一次有用嗎？

3．It＋is／was＋形容詞＋從句。如：

It is certain that he will come．他一定會來。

It's true that he may fall behind the other students．他真的可能落后于其他同學(xué)。

It is strange that he should say so．他居然這么說，真是奇怪。

4．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure）＋to do sth．意為“該輪到某人做某事（做某事是某人的責(zé)任、愉悅的事）”。如：

It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．明天輪到你值日了。

5．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意為“（某人）花??時間做某事”。如

It took me a week to finish reading the book．我花了一周時間看完這本書。

6．It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth．譯為“某人花多少錢做某事”。如：It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch．我買這塊新手表花了260元。

7．It seems ／seemed ＋從句。譯為“看起來好像??”，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“seem ＋動詞不定式”形式。如：

It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起來他好像病了。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

①________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

② In fact________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it

答案: ① D ② D

五、用作形式賓語。

當句子的真正賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞或從句時，為避免句子頭重腳輕，須將其放在賓語補足語之后，改用先行詞it占據(jù)其原來的位置。it用作形式賓語的句型為：主語＋謂語＋it＋賓語補足語＋動詞不定式／動名詞／從句。該句型中賓語補足語可由形容詞、名詞等充當。如：

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好一門外語是不容易的。We think it no good reading in bed．我們認為躺在床上看書無益處。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting．我認為開這個會是必要的。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

Don't ________that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A.take as grantedB.take this for granted

C.take that for grantedD.take it for granted

答案: D

六.構(gòu)成強調(diào)句。

如：

It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.今天早晨，就是在街上我看見李明。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

________was in 1979________I graduated from university.A.That;that B.It;that C.That;when D.It;when

答案: B

七.構(gòu)成特殊句式。如：

It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow.【練習(xí)】

（1）There is a photo on the wall.____ the photo of Lei Feng.A.It B.Its C.It's D.He（高考，1980)

（2)Is＿necessary to tell his father everything?

A.it B.that C.what D.he(MET1987)

(3)Is＿possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A.now B.man C.that D.it

(4)I consider____ my duty to help you．

A.it B.this C.that D.its

(5).It was at four o'clock in the afternoon ____ he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan.A.while B.that C.when D.as

答案：(1)C(2)A(3)D(4)A(5)B

(6)．I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004全國I）

A.this B.that C.it D.one

(7).-Do you like ___ here?

-Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life.Everything is so nice.（2004全國II）

A.this B.these C.that D.it

(8)．The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which

(9).I hate___ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them

(10).Joan had often heard____ said that Marley had no money.A.it B.this C.that D.one

答案：C D B A A

八、it, one和that作替代詞的用法及區(qū)別

it, one和that雖然都可以用來替代前面所提到的一個單數(shù)名詞,以避免重復(fù),但在具體用法上卻有不同。簡述如下:

1.it代替前面提到的同一事物,該事物既可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______?

A.did theyB.didn't theyC.did itD.didn't it

答案: D

2.one代替前面提到的同類事物中的一個。該事物只能是可數(shù)名詞,前面可以有冠詞,也可以被this、that或形容詞修飾,其后也可以有定語。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

-Why don't we have a little break?

-Didn't we just have________?

A.it B.that C.one D.this

答案: C

3.that代替前面提到的同類事物中特指的一個。該事物既可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名

詞,要有后置定語,但不可以有前置修飾語。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those

答案: C

高考“it”的用法英語題

歷屆高考英語單項選擇題精選

（一）“it”的用法

1.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?

A.thatB.while

C.in whichD.then(88)

2.Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A.thisB.that

C.itD.he(89)

3.I don

t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.thisB.that

C.itsD.it(91)

4.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

A.thisB.that

C.heD.it(91)

5.It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when , thatB.until , that

C.until , thatD.when , then(92)

6.I was disappointed with the film.I had expected ______ to be much better.A.thatB.this

C.oneD.it(93)

7.It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.A.whileB.which

C.thatD.since(94)

8.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.This

C.ThatD.It(95)

9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.untilB.that

C.thenD.so(97)

10.I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full.A.itB.that

C.theseD.them(98)

11.It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.oneB.that

C.whatD.it(2000)

KEYS:1-5 ACDDB6-10 DCDBA11 B ’

第三篇：with用法小結(jié)

with用法小結(jié)

一、with表擁有某物

1、Mary married a man with a lot of money.馬莉嫁給了一個有著很多錢的男人。

2、I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.我經(jīng)常夢想有一個帶花園的大房子。

3、The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island.這個老人和一條小狗住在荒島上。

二、with表用某種工具或手段

1、We can walk with our legs and feet.我們用腿腳行走。

2、He writes with a pencil.他用鉛筆寫。

3、I cut the apple with a sharp knife.我用一把鋒利的刀削平果。

4、Tom drew the picture with a pencil.湯母用鉛筆畫畫。

三、with表人與人之間的協(xié)同關(guān)系 make friends with sb

talk with sb quarrel with sb

fight with sb play with sb

work with sb

四、with 表原因或理由

1、John was in bed with high fever.約翰因發(fā)燒臥床。

2、He jumped up with joy.他因高興跳起來。

3、Father is often excited with wine.父親常因白酒變的興奮。

4、They were wild with joy.他們欣喜若狂。

五、with 表“帶來”，或“帶有,具有”，在…身上，在…身邊之意

1、The girl with golden hair looks beautiful.那個金頭發(fā)的女孩看起來漂亮。

2、The director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress.那個導(dǎo)演將帶著男女主角來到會場。

3、Do you have money with you.身上帶著錢嗎？

4、Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.隨身帶傘，以防下雨。

六、with表想法，信念，態(tài)度與…一致

1、I agree with you on how to deal with it.關(guān)于此事如何處理，我同意你的看法。

2、I believe with the headmaster that a good teacher should not only teach a student what to learn but also how to learn it.我相信校長所說，一個好老師不但教學(xué)生學(xué)什么，而且應(yīng)教學(xué)生怎么去學(xué)。

七、with表示讓步,“雖有,盡管”

With all his money and fame, he is not happy.有著錢和名譽，他還是不快樂。

八、with表同時，或同一方向，“隨著”

1、The temperature of cold-blooded animals change with the temperature of the surroundings.冷血動物的體溫隨著周圍的環(huán)境的改變而變化。

2、The big ship is sailing with the wind.這個大船正隨風(fēng)向航行。

3、And with the last words , she turned away.隨著最后一句話說完，他轉(zhuǎn)身離開了。

九、“和……在一起”，表示伴隨。例如：

1、Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看電影嗎？

2、He often goes to the library with Jenny.他常和詹妮一起去圖書館。

3、She lives with her son.她和兒子住在一起。

十、“關(guān)于，對于”，表示一種關(guān)系或適應(yīng)范圍。例如： What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了？

十一、“在……方面”。例如：

Kate helps me with my English.凱特幫我學(xué)英語。

十二、“隨著，與……同時”。例如：

With these words, he left the room.說完這些話，他離開了房間。

十三、包括...在內(nèi)

1、I like tea with sugar.我喜歡加糖的茶水。

2、China is a country with a long history.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。

十四、中考with詞組總結(jié)

1、agree with sb/to+V.同意某人的意見／某事

2、be angry with sb.生某人的氣

3、be busy with / doing sth.忙于做某事

4、be covered with被……覆蓋

5、be fed up with厭倦

6、be friends with對 …… 友好，與 …… 交上朋友

7、be pleased with對……感到高興

8、be strick with +sb/in +sth對誰／某事嚴格．

9、begin with從開始

10、come up with趕上,提出

11、communicate with與……交流

12、compare with與……比較

13、deal with處理

14、do with處置, 處理

15、fall in love with[中考]相愛，愛上

16、fill with用……裝滿

17、get on well with與 ……相處融洽

18、help sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事

19、in line with與 …… 一致，按照

20、make friends with與……交朋友

21、meet with遭遇

22、play with以 …… 為消遣，玩弄

23、quarrel with(和某人)吵架

24、shake hands with與……握手

25、take up with和 …… 交往，忍受，采用

26、talk to / with sb與某人談話

27、with one's own eyes親眼(目睹)

28、with pleasure愉快地

29、with the help of /with one's help[中考]在……的幫助下

30、with the purpose of為了

31、work out ＝come up with做出，算出，制定出

32、chat to / with sb.和某人聊天

33、play with snow玩雪

34、with a smile面帶笑容

35、in step with與...一致/協(xié)調(diào)

36、come along＝come with sb.跟上來

37、be popular with sb.受某人歡迎

38、catch up with sb.趕上某人

39、fall in love with sb./sth.愛上什么

40、offer / provide sb.with sth.給某人提供

41、sb.spend sometime with sb.花了多少時間陪誰

42、have a conversation with sb.與...談話；交談

43、with the development of industry隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展

44、play a joke with sb.和某人開玩笑

45、be mad with joy欣喜若狂

46、meet with a storm遇到風(fēng)暴

47have nothing to do with與...無關(guān)

48、be patient with sb.對某人有耐心

49、supply sb.with sth.向某人供應(yīng)／提供

50、finish with完成，結(jié)束

第四篇：it用法小結(jié)

小結(jié)(2008-12-08 15:57:31)

標簽：教育

It用法小結(jié)

it在英語語法中屬人稱代詞，意思是“它”，用來指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不僅不簡單，而且很復(fù)雜。

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、無生命的東西和事情。

一般指說話者心目中已經(jīng)了解或所指的生物、無生命的東西或事情、沒有性別的區(qū)分；可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞，在句子中既可做主語，也可以作賓語。1．指動物和植物。如：

—Oh，that's Lucy's hat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。

—It looks like a cat！它看上去像只貓！

Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．

什么地方種植茶？中國東南部種植茶。2．指代一些無生命的東西。如： Is it your watch？這是你的手表嗎？

Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？看這雨！雨很大，對嗎？ 3．代替上文提到過的整個事情。如：

Well，you mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。這太危險了！It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．摘蘋果是艱苦活，可他們都樂意去干（它）。

二、用于指代人。

1．指代說話者心目中不太清楚的那個人，常在打電話或敲門時用。如：

—Who was it？是誰（打來的電話）？ —Was it Susan？（打電話的）是蘇珊嗎？

—Yes，it was．是的，我是。（根據(jù)上下句，“it was”也可不譯出來。）再如：—Who is knocking at the door？誰在敲門？

—It's me．是我。

2．指說話者心目中的那個人。如：

—Is it your sister，Kate？（那舊照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凱特吧？

—No！不是。

—Is it your brother？是你哥哥吧？

—No！不是。

—I know—it's you！我知道了，（那）是你。

3．指代性別不詳?shù)膵胗變夯蛟诓挥嬢^性別時，也可用it來指人。如 The child smiled when it saw its mother．這小孩一見到母親就笑了。I don't know who it is．我不知道他是誰。注意：看到這樣的句子（或聽到這樣的話）時，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它譯成“它”。）4．在回答用指示代詞表示人的特殊問句時，常用it指人。如：

—Who's that？那人是誰？

—Is it Kate？是凱特嗎？

—Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate．是的，我想你說對了，是凱特。

三、用于指時間、距離和自然現(xiàn)象等。1．表示時間。如：

—What time is it？幾點鐘？

—It's ten．十點鐘。

It's summer in Australia now．現(xiàn)在澳大利亞是夏天。特別注意it用于表示時間時還常見于以下兩個句型中：（1）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．譯為“是（某人）該干??的時間了”、“到??的時候了”。如：

It's time for supper／to have supper．是吃晚飯的時候了。

I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．我想現(xiàn)在是我們開始上課的時候了。

（2）It is ／has been ＋時間段＋since ＋一般過去時。譯為“自從??以來已過了??（時間）”。此結(jié)構(gòu)可以與另一種句型進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

It has been two weeks since we met last．＝ Two weeks has passed since we met last．自從我們上次相遇以來，兩個星期過去了。

It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．他到這里已經(jīng)三年了。2．表示距離。如：

It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．從我家到學(xué)校步行得花半小時時間。

—Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？李雷，農(nóng)場在哪里？遠嗎？

—No，it's quite near．不，（距）離這很近。3．表示自然現(xiàn)象。如：

Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．有時下雪，大地一片白。It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下這兒很安靜。

四、用作形式主語。

英語中常常見到某個句子以it開頭，it與其后面的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語、名詞性從句等相呼應(yīng)，以表達一個完整的意義。這是一種習(xí)慣表達法，這樣的句式可避免句子顯得頭重腳輕。

1．It＋is／was＋形容詞＋（for／of sb．）＋動詞不定式短語。對于這個句型中究竟用 for還是用of，一般遵循這樣的規(guī)則：如果形容詞僅僅是描述事物的形容詞，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容詞是描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等則用of。如：

It is interesting to play with snow in winter． 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。

It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水質(zhì)清潔對我們來說是很重要的。It's very kind of you to say so．你這樣說真是太好了。注意：這一句式中的形容詞位置也可換用名詞；連系動詞be也可換用其它連系動詞，如feel等。如：

It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。

It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。It feels strange to have a twin sister．有個孿生姐妹感覺很奇怪。2．It ＋will be／is ／was ＋形容詞＋動名詞短語。如： It's bad playing in the street．在街上玩是沒好處的。Is it any good trying again？再試一次有用嗎？ 3．It＋is／was＋形容詞＋從句。如：

It is certain that he will come．他一定會來。It's true that he may fall behind the other students．他真的可能落后于其他同學(xué)。It is strange that he should say so．他居然這么說，真是奇怪。

4．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure）＋to do sth．意為“該輪到某人做某事（做某事是某人的責(zé)任、愉悅的事）”。如：

It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．明天輪到你值日了。5．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意為“（某人）花??時間做某事”。如 It took me a week to finish reading the book．我花了一周時間看完這本書。

6．It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth．譯為“某人花多少錢做某事”。如： It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch．我買這塊新手表花了260元。7．It seems ／seemed ＋從句。譯為“看起來好像??”，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“seem ＋動詞不定式”形式。如：

It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起來他好像病了。

[原題再現(xiàn)] ①________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It ② In fact________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.this B.that C.there D.it 答案: ① D ② D

五、用作形式賓語。

當句子的真正賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞或從句時，為避免句子頭重腳輕，須將其放在賓語補足語之后，改用先行詞it占據(jù)其原來的位置。it用作形式賓語的句型為：主語＋謂語＋it＋賓語補足語＋動詞不定式／動名詞／從句。該句型中賓語補足語可由形容詞、名詞等充當。如：

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好一門外語是不容易的。We think it no good reading in bed．我們認為躺在床上看書無益處。I think it necessary that we have the meeting．我認為開這個會是必要的。[原題再現(xiàn)] Don't ________that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A.take as granted

B.take this for granted C.take that for granted

D.take it for granted 答案: D

六.構(gòu)成強調(diào)句。如：

It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.今天早晨，就是在街上我看見李明。[原題再現(xiàn)] ________was in 1979________I graduated from university.A.That;that B.It;that C.That;when D.It;when 答案: B 七.構(gòu)成特殊句式。如：

It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow.【練習(xí)】

（1）There is a photo on the wall.____ the photo of Lei Feng.A.It B.Its C.It's D.He（高考，1980)（2)Is＿necessary to tell his father everything? A.it B.that C.what D.he(MET1987)(3)Is＿possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A.now B.man C.that D.it(4)I consider____ my duty to help you． A.it B.this C.that D.its(5).It was at four o'clock in the afternoon ____ he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan.A.while B.that C.when D.as 答案：(1)C(2)A(3)D(4)A(5)B(6)．I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004全國I）A.this B.that C.it D.one(7).-Do you like ___ here?-Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life.Everything is so nice.（2004全國II）A.this B.these C.that D.it(8)．The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which(9).I hate___ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them(10).Joan had often heard____ said that Marley had no money.A.it B.this C.that D.one 答案：C D B A A

八、it, one和that作替代詞的用法及區(qū)別

it, one和that雖然都可以用來替代前面所提到的一個單數(shù)名詞,以避免重復(fù),但在具體用法上卻有不同。簡述如下: 1.it代替前面提到的同一事物,該事物既可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。[原題再現(xiàn)] The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______? A.did they B.didn't they C.did it D.didn't it 答案: D 2.one代替前面提到的同類事物中的一個。該事物只能是可數(shù)名詞,前面可以有冠詞,也可以被this、that或形容詞修飾,其后也可以有定語。[原題再現(xiàn)]-Why don't we have a little break?-Didn't we just have________? A.it B.that C.one D.this 答案: C 3.that代替前面提到的同類事物中特指的一個。該事物既可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名詞,要有后置定語,但不可以有前置修飾語。[原題再現(xiàn)] Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.A.some B.any C.that D.those 答案: C

高考“it”的用法英語題

歷屆高考英語單項選擇題精選

（一）“it”的用法

1.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?

A.that

B.while

C.in which

D.then

(88)2.Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A.this

B.that

C.it

D.he

(89)3.I dont think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it

(91)4.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? A.this

B.that

C.he

D.it

(91)5.It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when , that B.until , that C.until , that D.when , then

(92)6.I was disappointed with the film.I had expected ______ to be much better.A.that

B.this

C.one

D.it

(93)7.It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.A.while

B.which

C.that

D.since

(94)8.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

(95)9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.until

B.that

C.then

D.so

(97)10.I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it

B.that

C.these D.them

(98)11.It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one

B.that

C.what

D.it

(2000)KEYS: 1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA 11 B

’

第五篇：there be 用法小結(jié)

there be 用法小結(jié)

1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)

There be + 主語 + 地點/ 時間狀語。如：

There is a computer in the room.房間里有一臺電腦。

There are two TV plays every evening.每晚有兩場電視劇。2.主謂一致

要采取就近一致原則，和靠近be 的主語一致。如：

There is a pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只鋼筆，兩把尺子。

There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.門口有兩個男孩，一個老師。3.主語后的動詞形式

在there be 句型中，主語與動詞是主動關(guān)系時用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動關(guān)系時用過去分詞。如：

There is a purse lying on the ground.地上有一個錢包。

There are five minutes left now.現(xiàn)在還有5分鐘。4.反意疑問句。

反意疑問句應(yīng)與 there be 對應(yīng)，而不是依據(jù)主語。如：

There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一臺收音機，是吧？

There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你們班有50多名學(xué)生，是吧？

5.there be 與 have 的替換

there be 表示所屬時可與 have 替換。

There is nothing but a book in my bag.= I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本書。

6.there be 后接不定式時常用主動形式表示被動意義。如：

There is a lot of work to do.有許多工作要做。

注意：當該句型主語是 something, anything, nothing 等不定代詞時，后面的不定式用主動形式或被動形式，意義各不同。

There is nothing to do.沒有事可做。

There is nothing to be done.沒有辦法(束手無策)。7.與其它詞連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。如：

There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有雨。

There used to be a cinema here before the war.戰(zhàn)爭之前，這兒有一家電影院。8.變體

there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的 be 有時可用 live, stand, remain 等代替。如：

Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.從前有位國王喜歡新服勝過別的任何東西。

9.習(xí)慣用語

There is no good /use(in)doing sth.做某事沒有好處/用處； There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽誤。例如：

There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友沒有什么好處。

He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厲害，把他送到醫(yī)院去，一刻也不能耽誤。

There be表示存在的“有”，他有各種時態(tài)，如: 一般現(xiàn)在時：there is/are；一般過去時：therewas/were 一般將來時：there will be；過去將來時：there would be； 現(xiàn)在完成時：there has/have been；過去完成時：there had been 要特別注意be going to 在there be 句型中的運用。例如：

There is going to be a film in the meeting hall.學(xué)校禮堂里將有一場電影。還可擴展為許多其它句型，下面筆者對There be句型的擴展作一歸納。一There be+主語

這種句式表示事物的客觀存在,There be放在句首,而把真正的主語放在后面,可以用來表示現(xiàn)在時、過去時、完成時和將來時。例如: There is a boy on the playground.操場上有個男孩。There has been a lot of rain this month.這個月雨水很多。There will be an announcement soon.不久會發(fā)布告。

二，There are + n（復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞）+ and + n（復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞）該句型表示同一類人或物的不同性質(zhì)，尤其表示有好壞優(yōu)劣之分，意為“有各種各樣的”、“種種不一”等。如：

There are friends and friends.朋友有種種，有益友，有損友。There is tea and tea.茶葉有好有差。三 There be+名詞+分詞

這種句式中分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過去分詞。doing表示動作和前面名詞有主謂關(guān)系，過去分詞done和前面名詞有被動關(guān)系。如： There is a man sitting on the fence.有個人正坐在籬笆上。There was a car stolen last night.昨晚有輛車被偷了。這種句式可以用“主語+be+分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。例如: There is a boy playing with a puppy in the yard.(= A boy is playing witha puppy in the yard.)一個男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩耍。

There has been more money spent on armaments than on famine relief.(=More money has been spent on armaments than on famine relief.)花在軍備上的錢比花在救災(zāi)上的錢還多。四，There be+名詞+動詞不定式

這種句式中的及物動詞(動詞不定式)也可改成被動式, 意為“(沒)有……要做”。例如: There is a lot of work to do(to be done).有許多工作要做。There was no time to wait for you.沒有時間再等你了。

注意：There is nothing to do與There is nothing to be done.含義不同。前者意為:“無事可做”,后者意為“沒有辦法”。試比較: There is nothing to do-I'm bored.無事可做--我感到悶得慌。(=There is nothing to entertain me.)沒有什么活動來消遣。

There is nothing to be done-we'll have to buy another one.沒有辦法--我們只好另外買一個了。(= There is no way off putting it right.)五 There is+no+動名詞

這種句式可與“It is impossible+動詞不定式”替換,意為“無法做某事”。例如: There is no stopping him.(=It is impossible to stop him.)無法阻止他。There is no guessing what will happen.無法猜到將會發(fā)生什么。六，There is(no)need for+名詞 該句式意為“(不)需要……”。例如: There is no need for anxiety.不需要擔(dān)心。

There is a great need for a book on this subject.非常需要有一本關(guān)于這個題目的書。

七，There is no need+動詞不定式.例如: There is no need for him to come.不需要他來了。

There is no need(for you)to start yet.(你)現(xiàn)在還沒有必要動身。八，There is no use+動名詞

該句式可與“It is no use+動名詞”互換,意為“……無用(無濟于事)”。例如: There is no use waiting any longer.(=It is no use waiting any longer.)再等下去是沒有用的。

There is no use(in)offering the olive branch now.現(xiàn)在想和解也無濟于事了。九，There is nothing / not anything like… 該句型中“nothing/ not anything like…”相當于“nothing / not anything better / more suitable than…”，意為“沒有什么比……更好/更合適/更有效了”。如：

There is nothing like a book for taking you out of yourself.沒有什么比書更能使你解脫自己了。There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit.作為保持健康的方法,沒有什么比散步更好的了。十，There is nothing more...than 該句式意為“再……不過了”。例如: There is nothing more dangerous than an illusion of security.太平無事的想法是再危險不過的了。

十一，There is no(not any)point in+動名詞 該句式意為:“……是沒有意義(思)的?！崩? There is no point in doing so.這樣做是沒有意義的。

There is not any point in harping on the same old tune.沒有必要再重復(fù)這一套。十二，情態(tài)動詞及ought to，have to，used to用在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如: There must be something wrong with the machine，for it doesn’t run well.機器一定出了毛病，因為他運轉(zhuǎn)不正常。

There oughtn’t to be too great a difference in our views.我們的看法不應(yīng)該存在太大的分歧。

There might be some good songs after all this trash.在播放了這些亂七八糟的歌曲之后,可能會放幾首好歌。

If the power hadn't been cut off so quickly, there could have been a big fire.要不是迅速切斷電源,可能會引發(fā)一場大火。十三,There is a possibility of(或that)該句式表示“有可能”。例如: There is a possibility of my going to Denmark.(= There is a possibility that I may be able to go to Denmark.)我有可能去丹麥。十四, There+人稱代詞+come(go)/there come(go)+名詞

該句式是there作感嘆詞放在句首。如果主語是人稱代詞,則動詞放在其后;如果主語是名詞,則動詞放在其前。例如: There they come!他們來了!There comes the bus at last!公共汽車終于來啦!十五,.There+動詞 這種句式只限于表示存在某種狀態(tài)、發(fā)生某種事或某事、某人到達等動詞,意義比there be 結(jié)構(gòu)格更為生動貼切。如live,lie seem,appear,happen tand,exist,arise,enter,come,go,remain，exist,rise,occur,flow,arrive,enter,follow等。而不適用于表示一般具體行動的動詞。例如: Many years ago，there lived an emperor who cared more for clothes than for anything else.許多年前有位皇帝熱衷于漂亮的衣服勝過其他東西。There stands a tall building across the river over there.河對面聳立著一幢高層建筑物。There goes the bell.鈴響了。

There comes a knock at the door.有人敲門。

There remains one question to be discussed.還剩一個問題要討論。There seems to be something wrong about it.這事好像有點兒不大對頭。There appears to be no one who can answer this question.看來沒人能夠回答這個問題。

There will follow an interval of five minutes.隨后將有五分鐘的休息。

十六，There are/is certain（sure，likely）to be該結(jié)構(gòu)的意義為肯定有/可能有。例如：

Thereare like to be more difficulties than you were prepared for。很可能會遇到你預(yù)想不到的困難。There are sure to be a restaurant some where。某處肯定有個飯店。十七，There +be+ed分詞+to be常用動詞有：say，expect，believe，consider，think，mean，構(gòu)成信息來源模糊表達式。例如： There is/are said to be a number of wounded on both sides。據(jù)說雙方都有不少受傷。

There is/are expected to be an exciting film next week。預(yù)計下周有一步精彩電影上演。

十八v + there to be該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞往往是：expect, want, intend, mean, consider, like, hate, prefer等接不定式做賓語的動詞。如：

We don’t want there to be any students falling behind.我們不想有任何學(xué)生落后。

I should prefer there tobe no disscusion。我希望沒有討論。動詞let后接there be 做賓語補足語。如： Let there be no mis under standing。不要產(chǎn)生誤會。

十九There being/having been是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。如： There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was burned black by the sun.好長時間未下雨，大地都給太陽烤焦了。

二十There（not）being/there（not）having been用作ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做主語或賓語。例如：

There being a bus stop so near the house is an advantage。（做主語）公共汽車站離家這末近是一很有利的條件。I dreamed of there being a holiday tomorrow。我夢想明天有一假日。二十一，for ther to be 為不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)例如： For there to be no late comers was unusual。沒人遲到這是不尋常的事。

It is not cold enough for there to be frost。天還不夠冷不足以有霜凍。

二十二，There is nothing for it but to do sth 該句型相當于“There is no choice but to do sth”，意為“別無他法，只能……”。如：

There is nothing for it but to do what is required.只能按要求去做了，別無他法。（=I have no choice but to do what it required.）