第一篇：since用法小結(jié)

Since常見的四種用法

1)since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。I have been here since 1989.2)since +一段時(shí)間+ ago

I have been here since five months ago.3)since +從句

Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4)It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.Since用法詳解：我們都知道since的用法主要有兩點(diǎn)：一是表示“自從……以來”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解詞的含義而不了解其用法，在使用時(shí)就會(huì)造成錯(cuò)誤。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.不少人會(huì)望文生義，將該句理解為：“自從我住在上海以來，就再也沒有收到他的信。”而實(shí)際上這個(gè)句子的含義并非如此，那么正確的理解是什么呢？讓我們先來看看since作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法。

一、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”，這是最常見的一種用法。如： He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。

二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從那個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如：

John is now with his parents in New York;it is already three years since he was a teacher.約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。

本文開始出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)句子就可以譯為“自從我離開上海，就再也沒有收到他的信。”這種句型常被人們誤解，我們?cè)俣嗯e幾個(gè)例子看看：

It is half a month since he was a League member.他退團(tuán)半個(gè)月了。

It”s been quite some time since I was in London.我離開倫敦已很長時(shí)間了。

比較：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他經(jīng)常給我寫信。（從句謂語為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來，他就經(jīng)常給我寫信。（從句謂語為終止性動(dòng)詞）

三、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說話時(shí)刻），其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如： I haven”t heard from him since he has lived there。自從他住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來信。

這里has lived表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從“開始居住”時(shí)算起。Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車，我們每年都去野營。試比較： Since I”ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自從我到這所學(xué)校，我們已換了三個(gè)校長了。Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學(xué)校，他們已換了三個(gè)校長了。

由此可見，since引導(dǎo)的從句中，持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之，前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內(nèi)容，而后者的形式與內(nèi)容是一致的。It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since...這個(gè)句型與It has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since...意思相同。如： It is ten years / It has been ten years since they last met.自從他們上次碰面之后已經(jīng)10年過去了。Since 用法小結(jié)

一．Since作為介詞，后接某一確定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或過去完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。例如：

1、He left the village in 1982 and I haven’t seen him since then.1982年他離開這個(gè)村子，從那以后我再?zèng)]見過他。

2、She’s been working in a bank since leaving school.她中學(xué)畢業(yè)后就一直在一家銀行工作。

3.He had spoken to her only once since the party.自從那次聚會(huì)以來，他只跟她說過一次話。

二．Since作為副詞，表示從過去以來、以后或到現(xiàn)在的情形或狀態(tài)，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。例如： 1．He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t heard from him since.他兩周前離開了家，到現(xiàn)在我們一直沒有他的消息。

2．He came to Zhenjiang 6 years ago and has lived here(ever)since.三．since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句

作為連詞，since可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示因?yàn)椋患热唬昏b于：例如：

1． He didn’t come since he was busy.他因?yàn)槊Γ詻]有來。

2． Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.既然這種方法不行，我們就試用另一種吧。

四．Since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句

1．若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語是終止性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。例如：

He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。

We have been missing them since they left here自從他們離開這里，我們就一直很想念他們。

2．若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。例如：

I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.Sleep 為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，sleep的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)，即“醒來”時(shí)，所以這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。

3．若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說話時(shí)刻），其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。例如：I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。這里has lived表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開始居住”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解為“自從他（開始）住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來信”。

五．Since在特殊句型中的應(yīng)用

句型I：“It is（has been）+時(shí)間+since+持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)”，表示“自從……以來到現(xiàn)在已有多久。”例如：

It has been quite some time since I was last in London.我上次離開倫敦至今頗有一段時(shí)間了。句型II：“It was+時(shí)間+since+持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)”,表示“從……到過去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來”，例如：It was three years since we had been here.那時(shí)我們?cè)谶@已呆了三年。

since是一個(gè)用法極活躍的詞，也是高考中的重點(diǎn)考查詞匯，現(xiàn)就其用法歸納如下： 一? 用作介詞，意思是“從……以來，自從”，常與完成時(shí)連用。

I haven’t written home since Christmas.自圣誕節(jié)以來，我未曾寫信回家。

二? 用作副詞，意思是“從那時(shí)以后(一直到現(xiàn)在)”，“其后(到現(xiàn)在之間)”;ever since從那以后一直(更加強(qiáng)調(diào)since的用法)。

Things have not changed very much since.從那時(shí)起，情況并沒有太大的改變。

His first book was a great success and he has been famous as a writer ever since.他的第一本書非常暢銷，從那時(shí)起他就成了一位名作家。

He got a job with the firm in 1970 and has worked there ever since.他從1970年開始在那家公司任職，之后就一直在那里工作。

三? 用作連詞

1.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，相當(dāng)于now that，意思是“因?yàn)椤热弧b于……”。

Since the rain has stopped，let’s go for a walk.既然雨停了，我們出去散散步吧。

Since we are young，we shouldn’t be too afraid of making mistakes.因?yàn)槲覀冞€年輕，所以不應(yīng)該太害怕犯錯(cuò)誤。

注意：since表示原因時(shí)，語氣比because弱，表示的原因是對(duì)方已知的，或是句中不很重要的部分，是附帶的原因，因此引導(dǎo)的從句不是信息的焦點(diǎn)，不能回答why的提問，也不能用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。since引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在主句之前。

2.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，此用法較復(fù)雜。

(1)若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞(如go，come，leave，start，begin等)的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從該動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。這是最常見的一種用法。如：

He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從來到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。

Great changes have taken place in our school since you left.自從你離開這里，我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大的變化。

(2)若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如live，stay，study，learn，smoke，be等)的過去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。如：

I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.這句話應(yīng)譯為：從他不住這兒起，我一直沒有收到他的信。

I haven’t eaten snakes since I was a student at school.was表示狀態(tài)，因此該句可理解為：I haven’t eaten snakes since I left school.自從我畢業(yè)后就一直沒吃過蛇。

試比較：

He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他經(jīng)常給我寫信。(從句謂語為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來，他經(jīng)常給我寫信。(從句謂語為終止性動(dòng)詞)

(3)若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(說話時(shí)刻)，其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。如：

He has written to me frequently since I have been ill.這里have been ill表示狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開始生病”時(shí)算起。因此此句可理解為：“自從我生病以來，他經(jīng)常給我寫信。”

試比較：

I’ve written her 20 letters since I have been here.自從我來到這，我已經(jīng)給她寫了20封信。(從開始算起)

I’ve written her 20 letters since I was here.自從我離開這兒，我已經(jīng)給她寫了20封信。(從結(jié)束算起)

(4)It is + 段時(shí)間 + since.../ It has been + 段時(shí)間 + since...表示“從……起已有多長時(shí)間了”。兩句型意思相同，前者是規(guī)范說法，后者是口語說法。

用法：since從句中常用一般過去時(shí)，若從句中是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)，則表示該動(dòng)作結(jié)束有多長時(shí)間了。如：

It is three years since he smoked.他不吸煙已有3年了。

試比較：

It is three years since he began to smoke.It is three years since he has smoked.兩句均意為：他吸煙已有3年了。

注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對(duì)不能用否定式的謂語動(dòng)詞來表示否定意義，試比較： 他好久沒學(xué)漢語了。

誤：It is a long time since be didn’t study Chinese.正：It’s a long time since he studied Chinese.(studied為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)從其動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起)

第二篇：since, for, because, as, now that 表原因的用法區(qū)別

since, for, because, as, now that 表原因的用法區(qū)別 in that通常用now that，是既然的意思。since，for，because,now that的用法和區(qū)別: 1.since（既然）語氣較弱，強(qiáng)調(diào)已知的事實(shí)。

例：Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.既然你回答不出這個(gè)問題，我就問別人了。2.for（因?yàn)椋┑挠梅ǎ?/p>

for是并列連詞，表示推斷的原因，或?qū)η耙环志溲a(bǔ)充說明理由。

例：It must be morning for the birds are singing.一定是清晨了，因?yàn)轼B兒在叫。3.because（因?yàn)椋┑挠梅ǎ?/p>

because通常表示直接的原因。because引導(dǎo)的從句表示直接而明確的原因和理由，表示按因果關(guān)系的推斷，語氣很強(qiáng)，用來回答why的問題, 一般位于主句之后。例：We couldn't go out because it was too cold.因?yàn)樘鞖馓洌覀儾荒芡獬觥?.now that（既然）的用法：

now that同since相似，語氣較弱，強(qiáng)調(diào)人們已知的事實(shí)。例：

Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.既然你忙，就讓我給你做吧。5.as意為“因?yàn)椤⒂捎凇保Z氣比because弱，所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是不言而喻、顯而易見的原因和理由，其從句一般放在主句前，如：As it was late，we came back soon.（由于時(shí)間很晚了，我們很快就回來。）

區(qū)別：since和now that，表示事物發(fā)展的自然結(jié)果，特別是當(dāng)對(duì)方大概已經(jīng)了解其原因的情況下使用，表示既成事實(shí)的原因一般位于主句之前。注意：for是并列連詞，引出的原因較間接，似乎是事后所想到的補(bǔ)充解釋的理由，只陳述一般推斷的理由，不一定表示產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的必然原因，主要放在兩個(gè)并列句之間。because通常表示直接的原因。

As to 與 As for 用法小結(jié) 在英語中表示“就??而論”“有關(guān)”或“至于”含義的詞語頗多，其中 as to 和 as for 亦表此義，但二者用法不盡相同。

as to 的功能類似于 with regard to，regarding，on the matter of，concerning 等，常用于相當(dāng)正式的語境中，尤其用于爭論和做出決定時(shí)。可放于句首或與 wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)詞不定式和名詞性從句連用（有時(shí)可省略），而 as for 無此種用法。例如：

As to the journey，we must decide about that later.至于旅行，我們必須以后再作決定。

As to the flood，I have heard nothing.至于那次水災(zāi)，我沒聽到什么。

Nobody could decide（as to）what to do.誰也不能決定該做些什么。

He is very uncertain as to whether it's the right job for him.關(guān)于他究竟是否適合做這項(xiàng)工作，他實(shí)在拿不準(zhǔn)。

A question arose as to who should be the monitor.關(guān)于誰當(dāng)班長的問題出現(xiàn)了矛盾。

I want to find out as to whom this bicycle belongs to.我要打聽出來這輛自行車是誰的。

as to 有時(shí)用于表示 according to 的含義。例如： They sorted the eggs as to size and color.他們按照大小和顏色將雞蛋進(jìn)行分類。

as for 和 as to 都可用于句首，引出一個(gè)與前一個(gè)話題稍微有些不同的話題，但 as for 在語體上不如 as to 正式，并且著重話題的轉(zhuǎn)換，也就是說，它所引導(dǎo)的是前面尚未提到過的新的事情，因此它不能用于文章的開頭。另外，as for 有時(shí)表達(dá)輕蔑的語氣。例如：

We had a delightful weekend in the country.As for the traffic，we had no difficulty.在鄉(xiāng)下我們度過了一個(gè)愉快的周末。至于交通，我們沒有遇到任何困難。

Much pasture land is under water； as for the grain，most of that has been ruined.大部分的牧場(chǎng)都進(jìn)了水，至于谷物，則大部分都被沖毀了。

You can have a bed； as for him，he'll have to sleep on the floor.有一張床給你，至于他，就只能睡在地板上了。

As for him，I know nothing.至于他，我一點(diǎn)也不了解。

As for this subject，I couldn't remember.至于這個(gè)題目，我記不起來了。

As for you，I never want to see you here again.至于你，我永遠(yuǎn)也不愿在此見到你。

in order to 與 so as to兩個(gè)短語。它們一般都放在句中用于引導(dǎo)目的狀語；但in order to 可以放在句首，而so as to 則一般不放在句首。

opt

加入生詞本 vi.選擇, 抉擇 opt to do sth.選擇做某事

They opt for more holiday instead of more pay.他們選擇了延長假期而不是增加工資。

習(xí)慣用語

opt for(從多種方案中)作出選擇

opt in 決定參加

opt out(of)決定不參加或退出

第三篇：it用法小結(jié)

小結(jié)(2008-12-08 15:57:31)

標(biāo)簽：教育

It用法小結(jié)

it在英語語法中屬人稱代詞，意思是“它”，用來指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不僅不簡單，而且很復(fù)雜。

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、無生命的東西和事情。

一般指說話者心目中已經(jīng)了解或所指的生物、無生命的東西或事情、沒有性別的區(qū)分；可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞，在句子中既可做主語，也可以作賓語。

1．指動(dòng)物和植物。如：

—Oh，that's Lucy's hat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。

—It looks like a cat！它看上去像只貓！

Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．

什么地方種植茶？中國東南部種植茶。

2．指代一些無生命的東西。如：

Is it your watch？這是你的手表嗎？

Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？看這雨！雨很大，對(duì)嗎？

3．代替上文提到過的整個(gè)事情。如：

Well，you mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。這太危險(xiǎn)了！It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．摘蘋果是艱苦活，可他們都樂意去干（它）。

二、用于指代人。

1．指代說話者心目中不太清楚的那個(gè)人，常在打電話或敲門時(shí)用。如：

—Who was it？是誰（打來的電話）？

—Was it Susan？（打電話的）是蘇珊嗎？

—Yes，it was．是的，我是。（根據(jù)上下句，“it was”也可不譯出來。）

再如：—Who is knocking at the door？誰在敲門？

—It's me．是我。

2．指說話者心目中的那個(gè)人。如：

—Is it your sister，Kate？（那舊照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凱特吧？

—No！不是。

—Is it your brother？是你哥哥吧？

—No！不是。

—I know—it's you！我知道了，（那）是你。

3．指代性別不詳?shù)膵胗變夯蛟诓挥?jì)較性別時(shí)，也可用it來指人。如

The child smiled when it saw its mother．這小孩一見到母親就笑了。

I don't know who it is．我不知道他是誰。

注意：看到這樣的句子（或聽到這樣的話）時(shí)，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它譯成“它”。）

4．在回答用指示代詞表示人的特殊問句時(shí)，常用it指人。如：

—Who's that？那人是誰？

—Is it Kate？是凱特嗎？

—Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate．是的，我想你說對(duì)了，是凱特。

三、用于指時(shí)間、距離和自然現(xiàn)象等。

1．表示時(shí)間。如：

—What time is it？幾點(diǎn)鐘？

—It's ten．十點(diǎn)鐘。

It's summer in Australia now．現(xiàn)在澳大利亞是夏天。

特別注意it用于表示時(shí)間時(shí)還常見于以下兩個(gè)句型中：

（1）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．譯為“是（某人）該干??的時(shí)間了”、“到??的時(shí)候了”。如：

It's time for supper／to have supper．是吃晚飯的時(shí)候了。

I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．我想現(xiàn)在是我們開始上課的時(shí)候了。

（2）It is ／has been ＋時(shí)間段＋since ＋一般過去時(shí)。譯為“自從??以來已過了??（時(shí)間）”。此結(jié)構(gòu)可以與另一種句型進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

It has been two weeks since we met last．＝ Two weeks has passed since we met last．自從我們上次相遇以來，兩個(gè)星期過去了。

It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．他到這里已經(jīng)三年了。

2．表示距離。如：

It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．從我家到學(xué)校步行得花半小時(shí)時(shí)間。—Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？李雷，農(nóng)場(chǎng)在哪里？遠(yuǎn)嗎？

—No，it's quite near．不，（距）離這很近。

3．表示自然現(xiàn)象。如：

Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．有時(shí)下雪，大地一片白。

It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下這兒很安靜。

四、用作形式主語。

英語中常常見到某個(gè)句子以it開頭，it與其后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語、名詞性從句等相呼應(yīng)，以表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義。這是一種習(xí)慣表達(dá)法，這樣的句式可避免句子顯得頭重腳輕。

1．It＋is／was＋形容詞＋（for／of sb．）＋動(dòng)詞不定式短語。對(duì)于這個(gè)句型中究竟用 for還是用of，一般遵循這樣的規(guī)則：如果形容詞僅僅是描述事物的形容詞，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容詞是描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等則用of。如：

It is interesting to play with snow in winter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。

It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水質(zhì)清潔對(duì)我們來說是很重要的。It's very kind of you to say so．你這樣說真是太好了。

注意：這一句式中的形容詞位置也可換用名詞；連系動(dòng)詞be也可換用其它連系動(dòng)詞，如feel等。如：

It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。

It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。It feels strange to have a twin sister．有個(gè)孿生姐妹感覺很奇怪。

2．It ＋will be／is ／was ＋形容詞＋動(dòng)名詞短語。如：

It's bad playing in the street．在街上玩是沒好處的。

Is it any good trying again？再試一次有用嗎？

3．It＋is／was＋形容詞＋從句。如：

It is certain that he will come．他一定會(huì)來。

It's true that he may fall behind the other students．他真的可能落后于其他同學(xué)。

It is strange that he should say so．他居然這么說，真是奇怪。

4．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure）＋to do sth．意為“該輪到某人做某事（做某事是某人的責(zé)任、愉悅的事）”。如：

It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．明天輪到你值日了。

5．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意為“（某人）花??時(shí)間做某事”。如

It took me a week to finish reading the book．我花了一周時(shí)間看完這本書。

6．It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth．譯為“某人花多少錢做某事”。如：It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch．我買這塊新手表花了260元。

7．It seems ／seemed ＋從句。譯為“看起來好像??”，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“seem ＋動(dòng)詞不定式”形式。如：

It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起來他好像病了。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

①________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

② In fact________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it

答案: ① D ② D

五、用作形式賓語。

當(dāng)句子的真正賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句時(shí)，為避免句子頭重腳輕，須將其放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，改用先行詞it占據(jù)其原來的位置。it用作形式賓語的句型為：主語＋謂語＋it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語＋動(dòng)詞不定式／動(dòng)名詞／從句。該句型中賓語補(bǔ)足語可由形容詞、名詞等充當(dāng)。如：

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好一門外語是不容易的。We think it no good reading in bed．我們認(rèn)為躺在床上看書無益處。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting．我認(rèn)為開這個(gè)會(huì)是必要的。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

Don't ________that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A.take as grantedB.take this for granted

C.take that for grantedD.take it for granted

答案: D

六.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

如：

It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.今天早晨，就是在街上我看見李明。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

________was in 1979________I graduated from university.A.That;that B.It;that C.That;when D.It;when

答案: B

七.構(gòu)成特殊句式。如：

It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow.【練習(xí)】

（1）There is a photo on the wall.____ the photo of Lei Feng.A.It B.Its C.It's D.He（高考，1980)

（2)Is＿necessary to tell his father everything?

A.it B.that C.what D.he(MET1987)

(3)Is＿possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A.now B.man C.that D.it

(4)I consider____ my duty to help you．

A.it B.this C.that D.its

(5).It was at four o'clock in the afternoon ____ he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan.A.while B.that C.when D.as

答案：(1)C(2)A(3)D(4)A(5)B

(6)．I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004全國I）

A.this B.that C.it D.one

(7).-Do you like ___ here?

-Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life.Everything is so nice.（2004全國II）

A.this B.these C.that D.it

(8)．The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which

(9).I hate___ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them

(10).Joan had often heard____ said that Marley had no money.A.it B.this C.that D.one

答案：C D B A A

八、it, one和that作替代詞的用法及區(qū)別

it, one和that雖然都可以用來替代前面所提到的一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞,以避免重復(fù),但在具體用法上卻有不同。簡述如下:

1.it代替前面提到的同一事物,該事物既可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______?

A.did theyB.didn't theyC.did itD.didn't it

答案: D

2.one代替前面提到的同類事物中的一個(gè)。該事物只能是可數(shù)名詞,前面可以有冠詞,也可以被this、that或形容詞修飾,其后也可以有定語。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

-Why don't we have a little break?

-Didn't we just have________?

A.it B.that C.one D.this

答案: C

3.that代替前面提到的同類事物中特指的一個(gè)。該事物既可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名

詞,要有后置定語,但不可以有前置修飾語。

[原題再現(xiàn)]

Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those

答案: C

高考“it”的用法英語題

歷屆高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題精選

（一）“it”的用法

1.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?

A.thatB.while

C.in whichD.then(88)

2.Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A.thisB.that

C.itD.he(89)

3.I don

t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.thisB.that

C.itsD.it(91)

4.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

A.thisB.that

C.heD.it(91)

5.It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when , thatB.until , that

C.until , thatD.when , then(92)

6.I was disappointed with the film.I had expected ______ to be much better.A.thatB.this

C.oneD.it(93)

7.It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.A.whileB.which

C.thatD.since(94)

8.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.This

C.ThatD.It(95)

9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.untilB.that

C.thenD.so(97)

10.I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full.A.itB.that

C.theseD.them(98)

11.It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.oneB.that

C.whatD.it(2000)

KEYS:1-5 ACDDB6-10 DCDBA11 B ’

第四篇：with用法小結(jié)

with用法小結(jié)

一、with表擁有某物

Mary married a man with a lot of money.馬莉嫁給了一個(gè)有著很多錢的男人。

I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.我經(jīng)常夢(mèng)想有一個(gè)帶花園的大房子。

二、with表用某種工具或手段

I cut the apple with a sharp knife.我用一把鋒利的刀削平果。

Tom drew the picture with a pencil.湯母用鉛筆畫畫。

三、with表人與人之間的協(xié)同關(guān)系

make friends with sb

talk with sb

quarrel with sb與……吵架

fight with sb與……打架

play with sb

work with sb years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him.自從我們一起工作以來，我和湯姆已經(jīng)是十年的朋友了，我們從沒有吵過架。

四、with 表原因或理由.這種語義的with多半與表示情緒的詞連用.John was in bed with high fever.約翰因發(fā)燒臥床。

He jumped up with joy.他因高興跳起來。

Father is often excited with wine.父親常因白酒變的興奮。

五、with 表“帶來”，或“帶有,具有”，”在…身上，在…身邊”之意（相當(dāng)于having, carrying）

The girl with golden hair looks beautiful.那個(gè)金頭發(fā)的女孩看起來漂亮。

The famous director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress.那個(gè)有名的導(dǎo)演將帶著男女主角來到會(huì)場(chǎng)。

Do you have money with you.身上帶著錢嗎？

Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.隨身帶傘，以防下雨。

注意：with ,about ,和in均可表示特征和屬性.With表示屬于人和物的顯著特點(diǎn);about表示附屬于人或物不可捉摸的的特點(diǎn);in表示附屬與人或物的內(nèi)部固有特點(diǎn).﹡His uncle is an old man with a red nose.它的叔叔是位紅鼻子老人。

﹡There is a certain charm about that man.那個(gè)人有某種魅力。

﹡There is something strange in him.他身上有點(diǎn)奇怪的地方。

六、with表想法，信念，態(tài)度與…一致

I agree with you on how to deal with it.關(guān)于此事如何處理，我同意你的看法。

七、with表示讓步,“雖有,盡管”

With all his money and fame, he is not happy.有著錢和名譽(yù)，他還是不快樂。

With good teachers and warmhearted classmates, the new comer feels lonely.雖有著好老師和熱心的同學(xué)，這個(gè)新來的還是感覺孤獨(dú)。

八、with表同時(shí)，或同一方向，“隨著”

The temperature of cold-blooded animals change with the temperature of the surroundings.冷血?jiǎng)游锏捏w溫隨著周圍的環(huán)境的改變而變化。

The big ship is sailing with the wind.這個(gè)大船正隨風(fēng)向航行。

And with the last words, she turned away.隨著最后一句話說完，他轉(zhuǎn)身離開了。

九．With后加上一個(gè)名詞（多為表情緒的詞），表示“。。。地”等情態(tài)意義，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。with care =carefully ﹡with difficulty=difficultly ﹡with warmth=warmly﹡with curiosity=curiously ﹡ with pride=proudly

十、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表行為方式或伴隨情況

1、with + n/pron + adj.He left the room with the door open.門開著，他就離開了屋子。Don’t talk with your mouse full.嘴里滿是東西時(shí)不要說話。

2、with + n/pron + adv.With the radio on ,grandma slept deeply in the chair.收音機(jī)開者，奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡著。

With Tom away , I always feel lonely.湯母不在，我一直感覺孤獨(dú)。

3、with + n/pron + done

The fellow stood there with his hands crossed.這個(gè)家伙兩手交叉，站在那里。

The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in.莊稼都收割了，農(nóng)民們有了一個(gè)好收成。

4、with + n/pron + to do

With this book to help you , you can finish your work as soon as possible.有這本書來幫忙，你能盡快完成工作。

With so many problems to settle ,the new manager was too worried to eat anything.有著太多問題要去處理，新經(jīng)理擔(dān)憂的吃不下任何東西。

5、with + n/pron + n

The old man looks down upon everyone ,with his son chairman of the company.因?yàn)樗麅鹤邮枪镜闹飨@個(gè)老頭瞧不起任何人。

He was taken to hospital with his legs a mass of bleeding flesh.他被抬到醫(yī)院，他的腿血肉模糊。

6、with + n/pron + 介詞短語

The man left the meeting with a book in his hand.這個(gè)男人手里拿著書離開了會(huì)議。

The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy.那個(gè)脖子上帶項(xiàng)鏈的女人一定很有錢。

十、with其他用法主要出現(xiàn)在一些常用詞和習(xí)語中，記住其特定含義即可。如： It is a long time not to get in touch with Tom.很長時(shí)間沒有和湯母取得聯(lián)系了。

Down with imperialism.打倒帝國主義。

第五篇：with用法小結(jié)

with用法小結(jié)

一、with表擁有某物

1、Mary married a man with a lot of money.馬莉嫁給了一個(gè)有著很多錢的男人。

2、I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.我經(jīng)常夢(mèng)想有一個(gè)帶花園的大房子。

3、The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island.這個(gè)老人和一條小狗住在荒島上。

二、with表用某種工具或手段

1、We can walk with our legs and feet.我們用腿腳行走。

2、He writes with a pencil.他用鉛筆寫。

3、I cut the apple with a sharp knife.我用一把鋒利的刀削平果。

4、Tom drew the picture with a pencil.湯母用鉛筆畫畫。

三、with表人與人之間的協(xié)同關(guān)系 make friends with sb

talk with sb quarrel with sb

fight with sb play with sb

work with sb

四、with 表原因或理由

1、John was in bed with high fever.約翰因發(fā)燒臥床。

2、He jumped up with joy.他因高興跳起來。

3、Father is often excited with wine.父親常因白酒變的興奮。

4、They were wild with joy.他們欣喜若狂。

五、with 表“帶來”，或“帶有,具有”，在…身上，在…身邊之意

1、The girl with golden hair looks beautiful.那個(gè)金頭發(fā)的女孩看起來漂亮。

2、The director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress.那個(gè)導(dǎo)演將帶著男女主角來到會(huì)場(chǎng)。

3、Do you have money with you.身上帶著錢嗎？

4、Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.隨身帶傘，以防下雨。

六、with表想法，信念，態(tài)度與…一致

1、I agree with you on how to deal with it.關(guān)于此事如何處理，我同意你的看法。

2、I believe with the headmaster that a good teacher should not only teach a student what to learn but also how to learn it.我相信校長所說，一個(gè)好老師不但教學(xué)生學(xué)什么，而且應(yīng)教學(xué)生怎么去學(xué)。

七、with表示讓步,“雖有,盡管”

With all his money and fame, he is not happy.有著錢和名譽(yù)，他還是不快樂。

八、with表同時(shí)，或同一方向，“隨著”

1、The temperature of cold-blooded animals change with the temperature of the surroundings.冷血?jiǎng)游锏捏w溫隨著周圍的環(huán)境的改變而變化。

2、The big ship is sailing with the wind.這個(gè)大船正隨風(fēng)向航行。

3、And with the last words , she turned away.隨著最后一句話說完，他轉(zhuǎn)身離開了。

九、“和……在一起”，表示伴隨。例如：

1、Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看電影嗎？

2、He often goes to the library with Jenny.他常和詹妮一起去圖書館。

3、She lives with her son.她和兒子住在一起。

十、“關(guān)于，對(duì)于”，表示一種關(guān)系或適應(yīng)范圍。例如： What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了？

十一、“在……方面”。例如：

Kate helps me with my English.凱特幫我學(xué)英語。

十二、“隨著，與……同時(shí)”。例如：

With these words, he left the room.說完這些話，他離開了房間。

十三、包括...在內(nèi)

1、I like tea with sugar.我喜歡加糖的茶水。

2、China is a country with a long history.中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國家。

十四、中考with詞組總結(jié)

1、agree with sb/to+V.同意某人的意見／某事

2、be angry with sb.生某人的氣

3、be busy with / doing sth.忙于做某事

4、be covered with被……覆蓋

5、be fed up with厭倦

6、be friends with對(duì) …… 友好，與 …… 交上朋友

7、be pleased with對(duì)……感到高興

8、be strick with +sb/in +sth對(duì)誰／某事嚴(yán)格．

9、begin with從開始

10、come up with趕上,提出

11、communicate with與……交流

12、compare with與……比較

13、deal with處理

14、do with處置, 處理

15、fall in love with[中考]相愛，愛上

16、fill with用……裝滿

17、get on well with與 ……相處融洽

18、help sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事

19、in line with與 …… 一致，按照

20、make friends with與……交朋友

21、meet with遭遇

22、play with以 …… 為消遣，玩弄

23、quarrel with(和某人)吵架

24、shake hands with與……握手

25、take up with和 …… 交往，忍受，采用

26、talk to / with sb與某人談話

27、with one's own eyes親眼(目睹)

28、with pleasure愉快地

29、with the help of /with one's help[中考]在……的幫助下

30、with the purpose of為了

31、work out ＝come up with做出，算出，制定出

32、chat to / with sb.和某人聊天

33、play with snow玩雪

34、with a smile面帶笑容

35、in step with與...一致/協(xié)調(diào)

36、come along＝come with sb.跟上來

37、be popular with sb.受某人歡迎

38、catch up with sb.趕上某人

39、fall in love with sb./sth.愛上什么

40、offer / provide sb.with sth.給某人提供

41、sb.spend sometime with sb.花了多少時(shí)間陪誰

42、have a conversation with sb.與...談話；交談

43、with the development of industry隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展

44、play a joke with sb.和某人開玩笑

45、be mad with joy欣喜若狂

46、meet with a storm遇到風(fēng)暴

47have nothing to do with與...無關(guān)

48、be patient with sb.對(duì)某人有耐心

49、supply sb.with sth.向某人供應(yīng)／提供

50、finish with完成，結(jié)束