第一篇：rather_than用法小結

rather than 用法小結

rather than 是一個并列連詞，用法比較復雜，現歸納如下：

1.rather than 與would 連用時，構成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”，表示主觀愿望，即在兩者之中選擇其一。例如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.她寧愿死也不愿失去孩子們。

2.rather than 不與would連用時，表示客觀事實，意為“是……而不是……；與其……不如……”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等?，F分述如下：(1)連接兩個名詞或代詞

He is an explorer rather than a sailor.與其說他是一個海員，不如說他是一個探險者。You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野營。

注意：rather than 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致。(2)連接兩個形容詞

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。

(3)連接兩個介詞(短語)或動名詞

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我們是在教室里開會，不是在大廳里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。(4)連接兩個分句

We should help him rather than he should help us.是我們應該幫助他而不是他應該幫助我們。(5)連接兩個不定式

I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我決定寫信而不打電話。

注意：rather than 后接不定式時，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首時，則只能接不帶to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.他唯恐蔬菜爛掉，把它們以半價賣掉了。(6)連接兩個動詞

He ran rather than walked.他是跑來的，而不是走來的。

注意：這里rather than 后用了walked，而沒有用walk，表示客觀事實，而不是主觀愿望。如果換成walk，則作“寧愿……而不愿 ……”解。would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“寧愿、寧可、更、最好、還是為好”，后接動詞原形,常省略為’d rather，表示優先選擇的一種方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather沒有人稱和數的變化，所有的人稱一律用would rather。

“would rather+動詞原形”是英語中常見的一個慣用句式，美國英語中多用had rather。would(had)在此決無“過去”之意，它是一個情態助動詞，且無詞性、時態變化。例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意聽搖滾音樂。If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你寧愿獨自呆著，那我們都離開這兒。

He’d rather work in the countryside.她寧可到農村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好呆在家中讀點書。

二、如果在兩者中進行取舍，表示“寧愿……而不愿……，與其……寧可……”的意思時，則可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子們寧愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽車。

請注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以顛倒為：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動詞不定式，若選用的動詞相同，那么than 后的動詞可以省略。

例 I would rather have noodles than rice.我寧愿吃面條也不吃米飯。He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.與其在這樣差的條件下工作，他寧愿放棄。

2)使用would rather…than…句型時要注意“平行結構”，即在than 的前后要用兩個同類的詞或詞組，如兩個名詞、兩個不定式、兩個介詞短語等。

例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我寧愿騎自行車也不愿乘公共汽車去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我寧愿和他媽說話而不愿和他爸說話。

三、在疑問句式中，would rather 與would rather…than…中的would要放在主語之前 例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在這里，還是回家？ Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜歡吃蘋果還是香蕉？ Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你寧愿看小說而不愿朗讀詩歌嗎？

四、would rather+從句，是一個常用的虛擬語氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語一般用過去時來表示現在或將來。其意為“寧愿……,還是…… 好些”“一個人寧愿另一個人做某事”。引導從句的that常省略。在談到過去的動作時，謂語則用過去完成時。

例 John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來)We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我們寧愿他明天付給我們那筆錢。Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.明天別來。我希望你下周末來。

請注意 1）如果談到過去的動作，也就是表示過去已經發生的事情在選擇上不恰當。此時，主句一般為I had rather ,其（that）從句則用過去完成時。例 Would rather you had not done that.我真希望你沒有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主語本人而不涉及另一個人，則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結構。例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他寧可窮也不愿意用不誠實的手段獲取金錢。

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一個部門工作。

五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的區別 would rather和would sooner之間一般沒有區別，但經常接觸到的是would rather。

例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 湯姆寧可讀書而不愿談天。Tom prefers reading to talking．湯姆喜歡讀書而不喜歡談天。

請注意 1）would rather后跟不帶to的不定式+than+不帶 to的不定式，而prefer后跟動名詞+to+動名詞。有時prefer后面也可跟名詞，而在would rather之后要求只帶動詞原形。

例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。

I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜歡打網球而不喜歡打高爾夫球。2）某些 prefer+名詞的情況不能用 would rather完全確切地表達出來：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜歡狗而不喜歡貓。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他寧可養狗而不愿養貓。）很明顯，這兩句的意思并不完全相同。3）would rather+不帶to的不定式有時可代替 would prefer+帶 to的不定式。例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我寧愿乘飛機也不愿乘船。這兩個結構后面帶名詞時情況也一樣： 例 —Would you like some gin？

—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin． —您想喝點杜松子酒嗎？

—我想喝點咖啡。/我想喝點咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。

4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者帶to。

例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我們是乘船去的，可我本想乘飛機去。（我愿意乘飛機去，可我的愿望未能實現。）這和 would like+不定式的完成式有點相似，would like+帶to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能實現的愿望。

第二篇：rather_than用法小結

rather than 用法小結

rather than 是一個并列連詞，用法比較復雜，現歸納如下：

1.rather than 與would 連用時，構成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”，表示主觀愿望，即在兩者之中選擇其一。例如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.她寧愿死也不愿失去孩子們。

2.rather than 不與would連用時，表示客觀事實，意為“是……而不是……；與其……不如……”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等?，F分述如下：

(1)連接兩個名詞或代詞

He is an explorer rather than a sailor.與其說他是一個海員，不如說他是一個探險者。

You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野營。

注意：rather than 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致。

(2)連接兩個形容詞

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。

(3)連接兩個介詞(短語)或動名詞

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我們是在教室里開會，不是在大廳里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。

(4)連接兩個分句

We should help him rather than he should help us.是我們應該幫助他而不是他應該幫助我們。

(5)連接兩個不定式

I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我決定寫信而不打電話。

注意：rather than 后接不定式時，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首時，則只能接不帶to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.他唯恐蔬菜爛掉，把它們以半價賣掉了。

(6)連接兩個動詞

He ran rather than walked.他是跑來的，而不是走來的。

注意：這里rather than 后用了walked，而沒有用walk，表示客觀事實，而不是主觀愿望。如果換成walk，則作“寧愿……而不愿 ……”解。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“寧愿、寧可、更、最好、還是為好”，后接動詞原形,常省略為’d rather，表示優先選擇的一種方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather沒有人稱和數的變化，所有的人稱一律用would rather。

“would rather+動詞原形”是英語中常見的一個慣用句式，美國英語中多用had rather。would(had)在此決無“過去”之意，它是一個情態助動詞，且無詞性、時態變化。

例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意聽搖滾音樂。

If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你寧愿獨自呆著，那我們都離開這兒。

He’d rather work in the countryside.她寧可到農村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好呆在家中讀點書。

二、如果在兩者中進行取舍，表示“寧愿……而不愿……，與其……寧可……”的意思時，則可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子們寧愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽車。

請注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以顛倒為：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動詞不定式，若選用的動詞相同，那么than 后的動詞可以省略。

例 I would rather have noodles than rice.我寧愿吃面條也不吃米飯。

He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。

Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.與其在這樣差的條件下工作，他寧愿放棄。

2)使用would rather…than…句型時要注意“平行結構”，即在than 的前后要用兩個同類的詞或詞組，如兩個名詞、兩個不定式、兩個介詞短語等。

例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我寧愿騎自行車也不愿乘公共汽車去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我寧愿和他媽說話而不愿和他爸說話。

三、在疑問句式中，would rather 與would rather…than…中的would要放在主語之前

例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在這里，還是回家？

Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜歡吃蘋果還是香蕉？

Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你寧愿看小說而不愿朗讀詩歌嗎？

四、would rather+從句，是一個常用的虛擬語氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語一般用過去時來表示現在或將來。其意為“寧愿……,還是…… 好些”“一個人寧愿另一個人做某事”。引導從句的that常省略。在談到過去的動作時，謂語則用過去完成時。

例 John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來)

We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我們寧愿他明天付給我們那筆錢。

Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.明天別來。我希望你下周末來。

請注意 1）如果談到過去的動作，也就是表示過去已經發生的事情在選擇上不恰當。此時，主句一般為I had rather ,其（that）從句則用過去完成時。例 Would rather you had not done that.我真希望你沒有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主語本人而不涉及另一個人，則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結構。

例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他寧可窮也不愿意用不誠實的手段獲取金錢。

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一個部門工作。

五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的區別 would rather和would sooner之間一般沒有區別，但經常接觸到的是would rather。

例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 湯姆寧可讀書而不愿談天。Tom prefers reading to talking．湯姆喜歡讀書而不喜歡談天。

請注意 1）would rather后跟不帶to的不定式+than+不帶 to的不定式，而prefer后跟動名詞+to+動名詞。有時prefer后面也可跟名詞，而在would rather之后要求只帶動詞原形。

例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。

I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜歡打網球而不喜歡打高爾夫球。2）某些 prefer+名詞的情況不能用 would rather完全確切地表達出來：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜歡狗而不喜歡貓。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他寧可養狗而不愿養貓。）很明顯，這兩句的意思并不完全相同。

3）would rather+不帶to的不定式有時可代替 would prefer+帶 to的不定式。

例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我寧愿乘飛機也不愿乘船。

這兩個結構后面帶名詞時情況也一樣：

例 —Would you like some gin？

—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．

—您想喝點杜松子酒嗎？

—我想喝點咖啡。/我想喝點咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。

4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者帶to。

例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我們是乘船去的，可我本想乘飛機去。（我愿意乘飛機去，可我5 的愿望未能實現。）這和 would like+不定式的完成式有點相似，would like+帶to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能實現的愿望。prefer用法

是可以加to的,但一般用法都是用不帶to的用法.(中國考試也愛考這個,所以考試萬一出了你還是不要帶to)

prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“寧愿做...而不做...” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我寧愿呆在家里也不出去。

1.prefer+名詞

——Would you like meat or fish?

——I?d prefer meat，please。

2．prefer+動名詞

Do you prefer cooling for yourself ,or eating in a restaurant? 自己做飯還是喜歡下館子？

——Do you like swimming?你喜歡游泳嗎？

——Yes, but I prefer saling.喜歡，但我更喜歡駕駛帆船。

3．prefer+不定式

Do you prefer to cook for yourself, or to eat in a restaurant? I prefer to spend the weekend at home.我喜歡在家里度周末。

I would prefer to stay at home tonight.She prefers to be alone.4．Prefer sb to do sth

Their father prefers them to be home early.他們的父親寧愿他們早點回家。

I thought you would prefer me not to knock.5.prefer A to B

在本句型中，A與B是平行結構，可以是名詞，也可以都是動名詞。例如：

I prefer dogs to cats.在狗與貓之間我更喜歡狗。

Most people prefer trains to buses.大多數人愿意坐火車而不愿坐汽車。

I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.我寧愿寫一篇學期論文也不愿參加考試。

I prefer staying at home to going ou.我覺得在家里比出去好。

Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing their homework to a background of pop-music to doing it in a quiet room.成千上萬的孩子如今一邊聽流行音樂一邊做作業，也不愿在安安靜靜的房間里做。

She has always preferred marking her own clothes rather than buying them in the shops.她向來喜歡自己做衣服，而不到商店里去買衣服

6．Prefer+不定式+rather than+不定式

1)本句型中，第一個不定式前面要加to，第二個不定式前面以不加to居多。例如： He prefer to die rather than become traitor.她寧死也不做叛徒。

Older people often fear change.They know what they can do best.They prefer to repeat their successes rather than risk failure.年紀大的人常常怕變化。他們知道什么最拿手，寧愿把自己成功的經驗在如法炮制而不愿冒失敗的危險。

She preferred to sew rather than to knit.她喜歡縫紉而不喜歡編織。

2)rather than 也可以至于句首：

Rather than buy a car of his own, he prefers to rent one.3）than后也可用動名詞：

I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film.我覺得與其去看電影倒不如呆在家里。

I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/driving all the way to your mother?s.我覺得與其開車跑那么遠的路到你母親那里度周末，到布熱在家里過更好些。

4）prefer …rather than 中的rather也可以移到第一個不定式之前（prefer rather…than），這種用法多見于書面語。例如：

He preferred rather to take the whole blame himself than to allow it to fall on the innocent.她寧可自己承擔全部責任而不愿讓無辜的人受到連累。

5）prefer to do A rather than do B 意義相同，試比較：

Joe prefers skating to skiing.Joe prefer to skate rather than ski.Bill preferred playing soccer to swimming.Bill preferred to play soccer rather than swim.He preferred rating a car to having one of his own.He prefers to rent a car rather than to have one of his own.他寧愿租車也不愿買車。

6）用prefer…rather than代替prefer…to連接名詞的情形偶爾也可見到。如：

Mr.Brunner prefers chemistry rather than physics.有人認為兩者的區別是：prefer…to表示一般的傾向，prefer…rather than則表示在某種具體場合的選擇。如:

What shall we have to drink, port or sherry? 我們該喝什么呢？

I should prefer port rather than sherry.我寧愿和紅葡萄酒而不合雪利酒。

7）prefer + that從句

Would you prefer that I come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你寧愿讓星期一來而不是星期二來嗎

I prefer that someone else should do this.我覺得還是讓別人來做這件事比較好。

第三篇：英語語法——rather_than用法小結

have sth.done，have sb.do , have sb./sth.doing與have sth.to do 四種

句型的區別

一、Have sth.done可表示四種不同的語法意義（1）（主語）請/派別人完成某事。

例：① I had(=got)that door painted last week.上星期我請人把那扇門做了油漆。

② I had(=got)my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我請人補了牙。（2）（主語）完成某事（可能參與）。

例：① they are going to have(=got)some threes planted.他們打算植些樹。

② we must have(=got)the work finished by Tuesday.我們必須在星期二以前完

成此項工作。

（3）（主語）遭受某種不幸的情況。

例：① I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（風）吹掉了。

② I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下車時我的腿子摔斷了。(4)用于否定句中，表示“不允許….”“不讓”。

例：① I won’t have anything said against her.我不會允許有任何反對她的言論。② I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不會讓我的房子變成一個旅館。

二、have sb.do表示四種含意（1）（主語）請/派別人完成某事?？梢杂谩癵et sb.to do”結構來替換。

例：① I had him repair my bike.（=I got him to repair my bike.）我請他修理自行車。

② Don’t forget to have him come.別忘了叫他來。

（2）表示主語無意識的行為，這時“have”作“有”解。例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them.（3）表示主語“經歷”某事。

例：He had his mother die.他遭喪母。（4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允許”解。

例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允許你說她這樣的話。

三、have sb./sth.doing 表示兩種含意或者說一種含意。（1）在肯定句中常表示“讓某人做某事”，“讓某情況發生”之意，含有動作正在進行之意。

例：① he soon had them all laughing.他很快讓他們都笑了起來。② I have a car waiting for me.我讓一部車在等我。（2）在否定結構中，表示“不能讓”，“不允許”。

例：we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我們不能讓那類事情發生。

四、have sth.to do表示“有某事要完成”，其中不定式作定語，且其有主動與被動二種形式需要區別使用。

（1）如果不定式的動作由主語來完成需其用主動形式。例：① I have some letters to write.我有幾封信要寫。

② He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要養活。（2）如果不定式的動作不是由主語來完成需用其被動形式。例：“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.傭人問道：“你今天有沒有衣服要（我）洗？”

rather than 用法小結

rather than 是一個并列連詞，用法比較復雜，現歸納如下：

1.rather than 與would 連用時，構成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”，表示主觀愿望，即在兩者之中選擇其一。例如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.她寧愿死也不愿失去孩子們。

2.rather than 不與would連用時，表示客觀事實，意為“是……而不是……；與其……不如……”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等?，F分述如下：

(1)連接兩個名詞或代詞

He is an explorer rather than a sailor.與其說他是一個海員，不如說他是一個探險者。

You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野營。

注意：rather than 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致。

(2)連接兩個形容詞

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。

(3)連接兩個介詞(短語)或動名詞

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我們是在教室里開會，不是在大廳里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。

(4)連接兩個分句

We should help him rather than he should help us.是我們應該幫助他而不是他應該幫助我們。

(5)連接兩個不定式

I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我決定寫信而不打電話。

注意：rather than 后接不定式時，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首時，則只能接不帶to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.他唯恐蔬菜爛掉，把它們以半價賣掉了。

(6)連接兩個動詞

He ran rather than walked.他是跑來的，而不是走來的。

注意：這里rather than 后用了walked，而沒有用walk，表示客觀事實，而不是主觀愿望。如果換成walk，則作“寧愿……而不愿 ……”解。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“寧愿、寧可、更、最好、還是為好”，后接動詞原形,常省略為’d rather，表示優先選擇的一種方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather沒有人稱和數的變化，所有的人稱一律用would rather。

“would rather+動詞原形”是英語中常見的一個慣用句式，美國英語中多用had rather。would(had)在此決無“過去”之意，它是一個情態助動詞，且無詞性、時態

變化。

例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意聽搖滾音樂。

If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你寧愿獨自呆著，那我們都離開這兒。

He’d rather work in the countryside.她寧可到農村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好呆在家中讀點書。

二、如果在兩者中進行取舍，表示“寧愿……而不愿……，與其……寧可……”的意思時，則可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子們寧愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽車。

請注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以顛倒為：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動詞不定式，若選用的動詞相同，那么than 后的動詞可以省略。

例 I would rather have noodles than rice.我寧愿吃面條也不吃米飯。

He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。

Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.與其在這樣差的條件下工作，他寧愿放棄。

2)使用would rather…than…句型時要注意“平行結構”，即在than 的前后要用兩個同類的詞或詞組，如兩個名詞、兩個不定式、兩個介詞短語等。

例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我寧愿騎自行車也不愿乘公共汽車去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我寧愿和他媽說話而不愿和他爸說話。

三、在疑問句式中，would rather 與would rather…than…中的would要放在主語之前

例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在這里，還是回家？

Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜歡吃蘋果還是香蕉？

Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你寧愿看小說而不愿朗讀詩歌嗎？

四、would rather+從句，是一個常用的虛擬語氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語一般用過去時來表示現在或將來。其意為“寧愿……,還是…… 好些”“一個人寧愿另一個人做某事”。引導從句的that常省略。在談到過去的動作時，謂語則用過去完成時。

例 John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來)

We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我們寧愿他明天付給我們那筆錢。

Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.明天別來。我希望你下周末來。

請注意 1）如果談到過去的動作，也就是表示過去已經發生的事情在選擇上不

恰當。此時，主句一般為I had rather ,其（that）從句則用過去完成時。例 Would rather you had not done that.我真希望你沒有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主語本人而不涉及另一個人，則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結構。

例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他寧可窮也不愿意用不誠實的手段獲取金錢。

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一個部門工作。

五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的區別 would rather和would sooner之間一般沒有區別，但經常接觸到的是would rather。

例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 湯姆寧可讀書而不愿談天。Tom prefers reading to talking．湯姆喜歡讀書而不喜歡談天。

請注意 1）would rather后跟不帶to的不定式+than+不帶 to的不定式，而prefer后跟動名詞+to+動名詞。有時prefer后面也可跟名詞，而在would rather之后要求只帶動詞原形。

例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。

I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜歡打網球而不喜歡打高爾夫球。2）某些 prefer+名詞的情況不能用 would rather完全確切地表達出來：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜歡狗而不喜歡貓。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他寧可養狗而不愿養貓。）很明顯，這兩句的意思并不完全相同。

3）would rather+不帶to的不定式有時可代替 would prefer+帶 to的不定式。

例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我寧愿乘飛機也不愿乘船。

這兩個結構后面帶名詞時情況也一樣：

例 —Would you like some gin？

—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．

—您想喝點杜松子酒嗎？

—我想喝點咖啡。/我想喝點咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。

4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者帶to。

例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我們是乘船去的，可我本想乘飛機去。（我愿意乘飛機去，可我的愿望未能實現。）這和 would like+不定式的完成式有點相似，would like+帶to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能實現的愿望。

第四篇：it用法小結

小結(2008-12-08 15:57:31)

標簽：教育

It用法小結

it在英語語法中屬人稱代詞，意思是“它”，用來指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不僅不簡單，而且很復雜。

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、無生命的東西和事情。

一般指說話者心目中已經了解或所指的生物、無生命的東西或事情、沒有性別的區分；可以是可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞，在句子中既可做主語，也可以作賓語。

1．指動物和植物。如：

—Oh，that's Lucy's hat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。

—It looks like a cat！它看上去像只貓！

Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．

什么地方種植茶？中國東南部種植茶。

2．指代一些無生命的東西。如：

Is it your watch？這是你的手表嗎？

Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？看這雨！雨很大，對嗎？

3．代替上文提到過的整個事情。如：

Well，you mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。這太危險了！It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．摘蘋果是艱苦活，可他們都樂意去干（它）。

二、用于指代人。

1．指代說話者心目中不太清楚的那個人，常在打電話或敲門時用。如：

—Who was it？是誰（打來的電話）？

—Was it Susan？（打電話的）是蘇珊嗎？

—Yes，it was．是的，我是。（根據上下句，“it was”也可不譯出來。）

再如：—Who is knocking at the door？誰在敲門？

—It's me．是我。

2．指說話者心目中的那個人。如：

—Is it your sister，Kate？（那舊照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凱特吧？

—No！不是。

—Is it your brother？是你哥哥吧？

—No！不是。

—I know—it's you！我知道了，（那）是你。

3．指代性別不詳的嬰幼兒或在不計較性別時，也可用it來指人。如

The child smiled when it saw its mother．這小孩一見到母親就笑了。

I don't know who it is．我不知道他是誰。

注意：看到這樣的句子（或聽到這樣的話）時，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它譯成“它”。）

4．在回答用指示代詞表示人的特殊問句時，常用it指人。如：

—Who's that？那人是誰？

—Is it Kate？是凱特嗎？

—Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate．是的，我想你說對了，是凱特。

三、用于指時間、距離和自然現象等。

1．表示時間。如：

—What time is it？幾點鐘？

—It's ten．十點鐘。

It's summer in Australia now．現在澳大利亞是夏天。

特別注意it用于表示時間時還常見于以下兩個句型中：

（1）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．譯為“是（某人）該干??的時間了”、“到??的時候了”。如：

It's time for supper／to have supper．是吃晚飯的時候了。

I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．我想現在是我們開始上課的時候了。

（2）It is ／has been ＋時間段＋since ＋一般過去時。譯為“自從??以來已過了??（時間）”。此結構可以與另一種句型進行同義句轉換。如：

It has been two weeks since we met last．＝ Two weeks has passed since we met last．自從我們上次相遇以來，兩個星期過去了。

It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．他到這里已經三年了。

2．表示距離。如：

It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．從我家到學校步行得花半小時時間。—Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？李雷，農場在哪里？遠嗎？

—No，it's quite near．不，（距）離這很近。

3．表示自然現象。如：

Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．有時下雪，大地一片白。

It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下這兒很安靜。

四、用作形式主語。

英語中常常見到某個句子以it開頭，it與其后面的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語、名詞性從句等相呼應，以表達一個完整的意義。這是一種習慣表達法，這樣的句式可避免句子顯得頭重腳輕。

1．It＋is／was＋形容詞＋（for／of sb．）＋動詞不定式短語。對于這個句型中究竟用 for還是用of，一般遵循這樣的規則：如果形容詞僅僅是描述事物的形容詞，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容詞是描述不定式行為者的性格、品質的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等則用of。如：

It is interesting to play with snow in winter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。

It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水質清潔對我們來說是很重要的。It's very kind of you to say so．你這樣說真是太好了。

注意：這一句式中的形容詞位置也可換用名詞；連系動詞be也可換用其它連系動詞，如feel等。如：

It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．早睡早起是好習慣。

It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。It feels strange to have a twin sister．有個孿生姐妹感覺很奇怪。

2．It ＋will be／is ／was ＋形容詞＋動名詞短語。如：

It's bad playing in the street．在街上玩是沒好處的。

Is it any good trying again？再試一次有用嗎？

3．It＋is／was＋形容詞＋從句。如：

It is certain that he will come．他一定會來。

It's true that he may fall behind the other students．他真的可能落后于其他同學。

It is strange that he should say so．他居然這么說，真是奇怪。

4．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure）＋to do sth．意為“該輪到某人做某事（做某事是某人的責任、愉悅的事）”。如：

It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．明天輪到你值日了。

5．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意為“（某人）花??時間做某事”。如

It took me a week to finish reading the book．我花了一周時間看完這本書。

6．It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth．譯為“某人花多少錢做某事”。如：It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch．我買這塊新手表花了260元。

7．It seems ／seemed ＋從句。譯為“看起來好像??”，此結構可以轉換成“seem ＋動詞不定式”形式。如：

It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起來他好像病了。

[原題再現]

①________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

② In fact________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it

答案: ① D ② D

五、用作形式賓語。

當句子的真正賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞或從句時，為避免句子頭重腳輕，須將其放在賓語補足語之后，改用先行詞it占據其原來的位置。it用作形式賓語的句型為：主語＋謂語＋it＋賓語補足語＋動詞不定式／動名詞／從句。該句型中賓語補足語可由形容詞、名詞等充當。如：

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．他發現學好一門外語是不容易的。We think it no good reading in bed．我們認為躺在床上看書無益處。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting．我認為開這個會是必要的。

[原題再現]

Don't ________that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A.take as grantedB.take this for granted

C.take that for grantedD.take it for granted

答案: D

六.構成強調句。

如：

It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.今天早晨，就是在街上我看見李明。

[原題再現]

________was in 1979________I graduated from university.A.That;that B.It;that C.That;when D.It;when

答案: B

七.構成特殊句式。如：

It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow.【練習】

（1）There is a photo on the wall.____ the photo of Lei Feng.A.It B.Its C.It's D.He（高考，1980)

（2)Is＿necessary to tell his father everything?

A.it B.that C.what D.he(MET1987)

(3)Is＿possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A.now B.man C.that D.it

(4)I consider____ my duty to help you．

A.it B.this C.that D.its

(5).It was at four o'clock in the afternoon ____ he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan.A.while B.that C.when D.as

答案：(1)C(2)A(3)D(4)A(5)B

(6)．I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004全國I）

A.this B.that C.it D.one

(7).-Do you like ___ here?

-Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life.Everything is so nice.（2004全國II）

A.this B.these C.that D.it

(8)．The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which

(9).I hate___ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them

(10).Joan had often heard____ said that Marley had no money.A.it B.this C.that D.one

答案：C D B A A

八、it, one和that作替代詞的用法及區別

it, one和that雖然都可以用來替代前面所提到的一個單數名詞,以避免重復,但在具體用法上卻有不同。簡述如下:

1.it代替前面提到的同一事物,該事物既可以是可數名詞也可以是不可數名詞。

[原題再現]

The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______?

A.did theyB.didn't theyC.did itD.didn't it

答案: D

2.one代替前面提到的同類事物中的一個。該事物只能是可數名詞,前面可以有冠詞,也可以被this、that或形容詞修飾,其后也可以有定語。

[原題再現]

-Why don't we have a little break?

-Didn't we just have________?

A.it B.that C.one D.this

答案: C

3.that代替前面提到的同類事物中特指的一個。該事物既可以是可數名詞也可以是不可數名

詞,要有后置定語,但不可以有前置修飾語。

[原題再現]

Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those

答案: C

高考“it”的用法英語題

歷屆高考英語單項選擇題精選

（一）“it”的用法

1.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?

A.thatB.while

C.in whichD.then(88)

2.Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A.thisB.that

C.itD.he(89)

3.I don

t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.thisB.that

C.itsD.it(91)

4.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

A.thisB.that

C.heD.it(91)

5.It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when , thatB.until , that

C.until , thatD.when , then(92)

6.I was disappointed with the film.I had expected ______ to be much better.A.thatB.this

C.oneD.it(93)

7.It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.A.whileB.which

C.thatD.since(94)

8.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.ThereB.This

C.ThatD.It(95)

9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.untilB.that

C.thenD.so(97)

10.I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full.A.itB.that

C.theseD.them(98)

11.It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.oneB.that

C.whatD.it(2000)

KEYS:1-5 ACDDB6-10 DCDBA11 B ’

第五篇：with用法小結

with用法小結

一、with表擁有某物

Mary married a man with a lot of money.馬莉嫁給了一個有著很多錢的男人。

I often dream of a big house with a nice garden.我經常夢想有一個帶花園的大房子。

二、with表用某種工具或手段

I cut the apple with a sharp knife.我用一把鋒利的刀削平果。

Tom drew the picture with a pencil.湯母用鉛筆畫畫。

三、with表人與人之間的協同關系

make friends with sb

talk with sb

quarrel with sb與……吵架

fight with sb與……打架

play with sb

work with sb years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him.自從我們一起工作以來，我和湯姆已經是十年的朋友了，我們從沒有吵過架。

四、with 表原因或理由.這種語義的with多半與表示情緒的詞連用.John was in bed with high fever.約翰因發燒臥床。

He jumped up with joy.他因高興跳起來。

Father is often excited with wine.父親常因白酒變的興奮。

五、with 表“帶來”，或“帶有,具有”，”在…身上，在…身邊”之意（相當于having, carrying）

The girl with golden hair looks beautiful.那個金頭發的女孩看起來漂亮。

The famous director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress.那個有名的導演將帶著男女主角來到會場。

Do you have money with you.身上帶著錢嗎？

Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.隨身帶傘，以防下雨。

注意：with ,about ,和in均可表示特征和屬性.With表示屬于人和物的顯著特點;about表示附屬于人或物不可捉摸的的特點;in表示附屬與人或物的內部固有特點.﹡His uncle is an old man with a red nose.它的叔叔是位紅鼻子老人。

﹡There is a certain charm about that man.那個人有某種魅力。

﹡There is something strange in him.他身上有點奇怪的地方。

六、with表想法，信念，態度與…一致

I agree with you on how to deal with it.關于此事如何處理，我同意你的看法。

七、with表示讓步,“雖有,盡管”

With all his money and fame, he is not happy.有著錢和名譽，他還是不快樂。

With good teachers and warmhearted classmates, the new comer feels lonely.雖有著好老師和熱心的同學，這個新來的還是感覺孤獨。

八、with表同時，或同一方向，“隨著”

The temperature of cold-blooded animals change with the temperature of the surroundings.冷血動物的體溫隨著周圍的環境的改變而變化。

The big ship is sailing with the wind.這個大船正隨風向航行。

And with the last words, she turned away.隨著最后一句話說完，他轉身離開了。

九．With后加上一個名詞（多為表情緒的詞），表示“。。。地”等情態意義，其作用相當于一個副詞。with care =carefully ﹡with difficulty=difficultly ﹡with warmth=warmly﹡with curiosity=curiously ﹡ with pride=proudly

十、with的復合結構表行為方式或伴隨情況

1、with + n/pron + adj.He left the room with the door open.門開著，他就離開了屋子。Don’t talk with your mouse full.嘴里滿是東西時不要說話。

2、with + n/pron + adv.With the radio on ,grandma slept deeply in the chair.收音機開者，奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡著。

With Tom away , I always feel lonely.湯母不在，我一直感覺孤獨。

3、with + n/pron + done

The fellow stood there with his hands crossed.這個家伙兩手交叉，站在那里。

The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in.莊稼都收割了，農民們有了一個好收成。

4、with + n/pron + to do

With this book to help you , you can finish your work as soon as possible.有這本書來幫忙，你能盡快完成工作。

With so many problems to settle ,the new manager was too worried to eat anything.有著太多問題要去處理，新經理擔憂的吃不下任何東西。

5、with + n/pron + n

The old man looks down upon everyone ,with his son chairman of the company.因為他兒子是公司的主席，這個老頭瞧不起任何人。

He was taken to hospital with his legs a mass of bleeding flesh.他被抬到醫院，他的腿血肉模糊。

6、with + n/pron + 介詞短語

The man left the meeting with a book in his hand.這個男人手里拿著書離開了會議。

The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy.那個脖子上帶項鏈的女人一定很有錢。

十、with其他用法主要出現在一些常用詞和習語中，記住其特定含義即可。如： It is a long time not to get in touch with Tom.很長時間沒有和湯母取得聯系了。

Down with imperialism.打倒帝國主義。