第一篇：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句練習

主語從句

1.________ they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars.A.That

B.What

C.What

D.That 2.________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If

B.Whether

C.That

D.Where 3.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What

B.That

C.Whoever

D.Whatever 4.________ surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A.That

B.What

C.That

D.When 5.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.A.If …do

B.That …do

C.If …does

D.That…does 6.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that

B.is thought what C.thought that

D.is thought that 7.It's uncertain ________ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.A.if

B.that

C.whether

D.how 8.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A.That

B.What

C.How

D.Which 9.________ we can't have seems better than that we have.A.What

B.Who

C.That

D.whose 10._______ you don't like him is none of my business.A.What

B.Who

C.That

D.Whether

表語從句

1.The question is _______ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that

B.if

C.when

D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is _______ he was too careless.A.because

B.that

C.for

D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It's _______ you left it.A.where

B.there

C.there where

D.where there 4.The problem is _______ to take the place of Ted.A.who can we get

B.what we can get C.who we can get D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that

B.if

C.whether

D.不填 6.The reason is _______ I missed the bus.A.that

B.when

C.why

D.what 7.That is _______ we were late last time.A.that

B.when

C.why

D.what 8.She looked _______ she were ten years younger.A.that

B.like

C.as

D.as though 9.---I feel sick!---I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why

B.when

C.what

D.because 10.The reason why he hasn't come is ______.A.because his mother is ill

B.because of his mother's being ill C.that his mother is ill

D.for his mother is ill

同位語從句

1.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A while

B that

C when

D as 2.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what

B.that

C.why

D.when 3.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it 4.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when

B.that

C.what

D./

5.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if

B.that

C.whether

D.which 6.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when

B.which

C.what

D.that 7.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which

B.whether

C.that

D.what 8.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether

B.where

C.that

D.when

9.The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ was thought a dangerous speed.A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that

10.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that

B.as

C.of which

D.which

第二篇：表語從句練習

1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether

2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it

A.where B.there C.there where D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted

A.who can we get B.what we can get

C.who we can get D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that B.when C.why D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that B.when C.why D.what

8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like C.as D.as though 9.—I felt sick!

--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why B.when C.what D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that B.what C.why D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what B.where C.that D.why

13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you B.That；how you are C.How；that you are D.What；how you are 14.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what B.that C.how D.why that

15.America was __________was first called ―India‖ by Columbus.A.what B.where C.the place D.there where

16.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being D.what it was used to be

17.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that B.That … what

C.What … what D.That … what 18.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such

19.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）A.why B.what C.when D.where.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.（1998 上海）A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why D.It’s how

21.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.（06 全國）A.when B.which C.where D.what

22.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(2003北京春)

---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited

23.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.（2004湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which 24.-I drive to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that __you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D where 25.The question is ____it is worth visiting.A.if B.as if C.whether D.how 26.This is _____it happened.A.what B.when C.that D.how 27.This is ____ the city lies.A.which B.what C.where D.when 28.He was ill.That is ____he didn’t come yesterday.A.when B.why C.how D.that 29.That was ___ I was thirteen I entered the No.1 Middle School.A.because B.why C.how D when 30.The problem is ____we can master modern science and technology in a short time.A.if B.that C.what D.how 31.–Doesn’t Mr.Smith live on this street?

-No.This is ____Mr.Brown lives.A.which B.where C.how D.that 32.The reason why he has been such a success is ____he never gives up.A.what B.where C.how D.that 33.–what is that building?

-___the garden equipment is stored A.that’s where B.There is in which C.the building is D.That’s the building which 34.Our village is no longer ____over twenty years ago.A.what was it

B.what it was

C.the village what was

D.what was the village 35.___you are the first one here.A.it seems that as if B.it seems as if that c.it seems as if D.It seems that as though 36.My hope is ___he will become a doctor in the future.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 37.it was ___they were used as an advertisement for the shop.A.because B.which C.what D.if

答案：1-5DBACC

6-10ACDDC

11-15CBDBA

16-20AACAB

21-25DAAAC

26-30DCBAD

31-35BBABC

36-37CA 2

第三篇：淺議同位語從句

淺議同位語從句

夏文華（河北省遷安市教師進修學校 郵政編碼：064400）

摘要：同位語從句是中學階段比較常見的語法現象，為了使學生更好地理解并掌握這一語法現象，本文從同位語從句的含義、正確運用同位語從句的引導詞以及同位語從句和定語從句的區別等幾個方面對同位語從句進行了探討和分析。

關鍵詞：同位語從句，同位語從句是中學階段比較常見的語法現象，由于與定語從句位置相同，且漢語中沒有相同的概念，因此很多學生對于這一語法現象理解不夠透徹，在學習時總是較難掌握。筆者結合自己多年的教學工作經驗對這一語法現象進行一下分析。

一、同位語從句

1.所謂同位語，顧名思義，就是位于名詞或代詞后，對之起進一步解釋說明作用的詞，如果起此作用的不是一個詞而是一個句子，那么這個句子就叫做同位語從句。

2.常跟有同位語從句的名詞：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。

例如：人教版高中英語教材第一冊Unit 3課文中的句子： The name “whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly（.Page 17）又如Page 27: There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.3.常用連接詞：同位語從句一般由that, where, when, why, how, who, what等引導。

如人教版高中英語教材第二冊Unit 5中的句子：The idea that England stands for Fish & Clips, Speaker’s Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.(Page 35)。同位語有一個典型句型I have no idea結構，有的人把這個句型列入賓語從句的范疇，因為I have no idea意思就是I don’t know...。但是嚴格的從語法角度來看還應該屬于同位語從句。

I have no idea where I should go.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.有時候主句的謂語比較短，同位語從句比較長，這個從句就不一定緊接在它所說明的名詞后面。如：Word(消息)came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.二、同位語從句和定語從句的比較

1.從位置上看。同位語從句與定語從句在句中的位置都是在名詞后，不同之處在于：定語從句對對它前面的名詞起修飾限制的作用，屬于形容詞性從句；同位語從句主要是對它前面的名詞進行解釋和說明，屬于名詞性從句。例如人教版 高中英語教材第二冊Unit 14有這樣一個同位語從句: It’s a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.（Page 13）。又如The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2、從連接詞that上看。在同位語從句中，that是連詞，在從句中只起連接作用，不作句子成分，沒有實在意義，但是不能省略。如人教版高中英語教材第一冊Unit 16中的句子: Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.（Page 23）。在定語從句中，that是關系代詞，在從句中起連接作用，并充當從句中的句子成分（主語、賓語、表語等）。that作賓語時可以省略，同時指代先行詞。如：The book(that)she lent me is interesting.3、從內容上看。對于有些名詞后既可以帶有定語從句，又可以帶有同位語從句的情況，一般是根據從句和名詞的關系來進行判斷，如果是對名詞作進一步的闡明，則是同位語從句，反之則是定語從句，另外還可以從名詞本身的意思來進行判斷，帶有同位語從句的名詞一般為抽象名詞，而定語從句幾乎可以修飾任何名詞。

比較：

(1)The suggestion(that)she has given at the meeting is good.(定語從句)(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.（同位語從句）(1)句中that she has given at the meeting這個從句說明了是她提出的建議，不是別人的建議，也就是限定了the suggestion的范圍，但并沒有說明建議的內容，從結構上分析，that是give的賓語，所以這個從句是定語從句。

(2)句的that she should stay in the room這個從句說明了建議的內容，同時，that只起連詞作用，在從句中既不是主語，也不是賓語，但不能省略，所以它是同位語從句。

又如：(1)The news that the teacher told us is very exciting.(2)The news that our team had won the game is exciting.通過同樣的辦法我們可以判斷(1)句中劃線部分為定語從句，(2)句中劃線部分為同位語從句。

很多學生認為英語中的語法現象有的很相似，不易區分，其實任何一種語言中的語法現象都不是完全相同的，而是有區別的，只要我們在平時的學習中多注意，多觀察，認真領會并分析，相信一定能夠區分并能很好運用。

參考書目： 外語教學與研究出版社《使用英語語法》張道真編著

高等教育出版社 《高級英語語法》薄冰主編

人民教育出版社

普通高級中學英語教科書

作者姓名：夏文華

聯系電話：*** 通訊地址：河北省遷安市教師進修學校 郵政編碼：064400

第四篇：主語從句

高中英語語法之名詞性從句之主語從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞

引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連詞：that（無任何詞意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當任何成分

連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever 連接副詞：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often 不可省略的連詞： 1.介詞后的連詞

2.引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比較：whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，只可用whether：

1.whether引導主語從句并在句首2.引導表語從句 3.whether從句作介詞賓語4.從句后有“or not” Whether he will come is not clear.大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當形式主語。

It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二.主語從句

1、作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …

It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…

2、第一部分：常規主語從句，即句子在復合句中充當一個主語 主語從句的時態：不受主句的時態影響和限制。

（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小結:（1)引導主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)連詞位于句首不能省略（3)主語從句大多數情況下視為三單,但也有例外,如例9

第二部分：為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語擱置于句末（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is strange that he should do that.（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)（13）It happened that the two cheats were there.(=The two cheats happened to be there)小結:（1)以that 引出的主語從句,常以形式主語it引導.It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動詞ed + that 從句.（2)在有些that從句中要用虛擬語氣(should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.3、主語從句的用法

主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1.It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.2.用it 作形式主語的結構

(1)It is ＋名詞＋從句

It is a fact that … 事實是…

It is an honor that …非常榮幸

It is common knowledge that …是常識

(2)it is ＋形容詞＋從句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3)it ＋不及物動詞＋從句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4)it is＋過去分詞＋從句

It is reported that… 據報道…

It has been proved that… 已證實… 3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況

(1)if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。

(2)It is said ,(reported)…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(3)It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

4.What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別

What 引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 2.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for 3.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known 4.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late D.Being a few minutes late 5.________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A.That…that you had expected B.What …that you had expected C.That…what you had expected D.What…what you had expected

6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 7.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how 9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which 10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.A.What, what B.What, that C.That, that D.That, what 11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who 14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A.When B.Why C.What D.That 15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.A.How B.What C.Why D.This 16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What 17.._______you come or not is up to you.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether 18.._______makes mistakes must correct them.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody 19.._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How 20..________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who

[參考答案] 1-10 CBACD DDCAA 11-20 CBDAC BDCAC

第五篇：表語從句講解及練習

The Predicative Clause表語從句

在復合句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句，位于連系動詞（be，seem，remain等）之后。1.that 引導的表語從句

連接詞that 僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對主句主語的內容起進一步解釋的作用。

The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.2.whether 引導的表語從句

連接詞whether起連接作用，意為“是否、究竟、到底”，（注意：if不能引導表語從句)在句中也不作任何成分。

The question is whether what man will turn up in time.3.what, which, who, whom, whose引導的表語從句

連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當主語、表語、定語。

Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.4.where, when, why, how引導的表語從句

連接副詞where, when, why, how除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當時間、地點、方式、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。

That’s where I can’t agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.5.其他連詞as if, because, as, as though 引導的表語從句

because引導表語從句通常只用于This/That/It is because?結構中。My anger is because you haven’t written to me for a long time.as if/though引導的表語從句，常置于連系動詞look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀態。

It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.鞏固練習1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it A.where B.there C.there where D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get B.what we can get C.who we can get D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that B.when C.why D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that B.when C.why D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like C.as D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why B.when C.what D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that B.what C.why D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what B.where C.that D.why

that/what的區別

1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you B.That；how you are C.How；that you are D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what B.that C.how D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what B.where C.the place D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What ? that B.That ? what C.What ? what D.That ? what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 高考練習—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）A.why B.what C.when D.where 2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.（1998 上海）A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why D.It’s how 3.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.（06 全國）

A.when B.which C.where D.what 4.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(2003北京春)---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.（2004湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which 第一組： 1.-I drive to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that __you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D where 2.The question is ____it is worth visiting.A.if B.as if C.whether D.how 3.This is _____it happened.A.what B.when C.that D.how 4.This is ____ the city lies.A.which B.what C.where D.when 5.He was ill.That is ____he didn’t come yesterday.A.when B.why C.how D.that 6.That was ___ I was thirteen I entered the No.1 Middle School.A.because B.why C.how D when 7.The problem is ____we can master modern science and technology in a short time.A.if B.that C.what D.how 8.–Doesn’t Mr.Smith live on this street?-No.This is ____Mr.Brown lives.A.which B.where C.how D.that 9.The reason why he has been such a success is ____he never gives up.A.what B.where C.how D.that 10.–what is that building?-___the garden equipment is stored A.that’s where B.There is in which C.the building is D.That’s the building which 11.Our village is no longer ____over twenty years ago.A.what was it B.what it was C.the village what was D.what was the village 12.___you are the first one here.A.it seems that as if B.it seems as if that C it seems as if D.It seems that as though 13.My hope is ___he will become a doctor in the future.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 14.It was ___they were used as an advertisement for the shop.A.because B.which C.what D.if 表語從句1-5 DBACC 6-10 ACDDC 11-12 CB that/what 區別 1—6 DBAAAC 高考練習ABDAA 第一組 1-5 ACDCB 6-10 DDBDA 11-14 BCCA