第一篇：同位語從句10年高考題

十年高考定語從句與同位語從句考題匯編

1.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ______he grew up as a child.(NMET1996)A.which B.where C.that D.when 2.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.(NMET2000)A.who B.which C.this D.what 3.Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt ever much.A.it B.that C.when D.which(NMET 1999)4.The result of the experiment was very good, ________, we hadn't expected.A.when B that C.which D.what(2000spring)5.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.(2000spring)A.that B.while C.which D.when 6.John said he'd been working in the office for an hour,_____ was true.(2001spring)A.he B.this C.which D.who 7.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter_____ it was?(2001spring)A.where B.what C.how D.which 8.The film brought back the hours to me _____ I was taken good care of in the far-away village.A.until B.that C.when D.where(NMET 2001)9._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What(NMET 2001)10.The famous basketball star, tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A.where B.when C.which D.Who(2002spring)11.Alec asked the policeman ________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom(2002Shanghai)12.There's a feeling in me _______ we'll never know what a UFO is--not ever.A.that B.which C.of which D.what(2002Shanghai)13.The famous basketball star, tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A.where B.when C.which D.Who(2002spring)14.Alec asked the policeman ________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom(2002Shanghai)15.There's a feeling in me _______ we'll never know what a UFO is--not ever.A.that B.which C.of which D.what(2002Shanghai)16.I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.(2003Shanghai)A.why B.which C.as D.where 17.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____.(2003Shanghai)A.that…to be improved B.which…to be improved C.where…improving D.when…improving 18.York, _______ last year, is a nice old city.(2003Beijing)A.that 1 visited B.which I visited C.where 1 visited D.in which 1 visited

19.We are living in an age_____ many things are done on computer.(2003Spring)A.which B.that C.whose D.when 20.The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.A.for which B.at which C.in which D.on which(NMET2004-1)21.There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.(NMET 2004-2)A.where B.which C.when D.that 22.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.(NMET2004-3)A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which 23.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______five are mine.(NMET2004-4)A.on which B.in which C.of which D.from which 24.George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A.the real name B.what his real name(Beijing 2004)C.his real name D.whose real name 25.______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What(Beijing 2004)26.Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at

Rachel’s place.A.when B.where C.what D.which(Zhejiang 2004)27.Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.A.it B.that C.this D.which(Beijing 2004 spring)28.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ______, of course, made the others envy him.A who B that C what D which(Tianjin 2004)29.______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.(Jiangshu 2004)A.Which B.When C.What D.As 30.I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.how B.which C.where D.that(Hunan 2004)31.There was time I hated to go to school.(Hubei 2004)A．a(chǎn);that B．a(chǎn);when C．the;that D．the;when 32.There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.(Hubei 2004)A．the larger B．the larger of them C．the larger one that D．the larger of which 33.What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.(Hubei 2004)A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which 34.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad.A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that(Liaoning 2004)35.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.(Shanghai 2004)A.who B.as C.about which D.with whom 36.A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.(Shanghai 2004)

A.when B.where C.what D.that 37.A fast food restaurant is the place _______, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.（Shanghai 05 spring）A.which B.where C.there D.what 38.Along with the letter was his promise ________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether（ditto）

39.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.(NMET2005 Chongqing)A．during which time B．for which time C．during whose time D．by that time 40.I have many friends, _____ some are businessmen.(NMET2005-1)A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom 41.Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering.(Tianjin 2005)A.that B.whose C.those D.what 42.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.（Shanghai 2005）A.that B.which C.when D.where 43.—Why does she always ask you for help?(Beijing 2005)—There is no one else ______, is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 44.Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago? A.where B.when C.that D.what(Beijing05 spring)45.Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.（Hubei 2005）

A．who B．that C．what D．which 46.The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.(Jiangshu 2005)A.which;where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which 47.I walked in our garden, ______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A．which B．when C．where D．that（Liaoning 2005）48.Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom? A．that B．what C．a(chǎn)s D．which（Liaoning 2005）49．—Is that the small town you often refer to?(Fujian 2005)—Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.A．that B．which C．where D．what 50.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went on to Cambridge.(Shandong 2005）A.from which B.after that C.after which D.from this 51.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained.(Jiangxi 2005)A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which 52.Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.(Zhejiang2005）

A．which B．that C．this D．it 53.Danby left word with my secretary _________ he would call again in the afternoon.A．who B．that C．a(chǎn)s D．which（Zhejiang2005）54.________I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.A．When B．After C．As D．Since（Zhejiang2005）55.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found.A.which B.that C.what D.whether（Guangdong2005）56.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.（Guangdong2005）A.in which B.by which C.which D.that 57.The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ________ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.(Shanghai2005 Spring)A.them B.those C.which D.whose

Key：

1-20: BBDCD CDCBD CADCA DABDC 21-40: AACDB DDDDC BDAAD DBBAD 41-56: BDBCD CCBCC DABCB AC

第二篇：淺議同位語從句

淺議同位語從句

夏文華（河北省遷安市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校 郵政編碼：064400）

摘要：同位語從句是中學(xué)階段比較常見的語法現(xiàn)象，為了使學(xué)生更好地理解并掌握這一語法現(xiàn)象，本文從同位語從句的含義、正確運(yùn)用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞以及同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別等幾個方面對同位語從句進(jìn)行了探討和分析。

關(guān)鍵詞：同位語從句，同位語從句是中學(xué)階段比較常見的語法現(xiàn)象，由于與定語從句位置相同，且漢語中沒有相同的概念，因此很多學(xué)生對于這一語法現(xiàn)象理解不夠透徹，在學(xué)習(xí)時總是較難掌握。筆者結(jié)合自己多年的教學(xué)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)對這一語法現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行一下分析。

一、同位語從句

1.所謂同位語，顧名思義，就是位于名詞或代詞后，對之起進(jìn)一步解釋說明作用的詞，如果起此作用的不是一個詞而是一個句子，那么這個句子就叫做同位語從句。

2.常跟有同位語從句的名詞：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。

例如：人教版高中英語教材第一冊Unit 3課文中的句子： The name “whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly（.Page 17）又如Page 27: There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.3.常用連接詞：同位語從句一般由that, where, when, why, how, who, what等引導(dǎo)。

如人教版高中英語教材第二冊Unit 5中的句子：The idea that England stands for Fish & Clips, Speaker’s Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.(Page 35)。同位語有一個典型句型I have no idea結(jié)構(gòu)，有的人把這個句型列入賓語從句的范疇，因?yàn)镮 have no idea意思就是I don’t know...。但是嚴(yán)格的從語法角度來看還應(yīng)該屬于同位語從句。

I have no idea where I should go.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.有時候主句的謂語比較短，同位語從句比較長，這個從句就不一定緊接在它所說明的名詞后面。如：Word(消息)came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.二、同位語從句和定語從句的比較

1.從位置上看。同位語從句與定語從句在句中的位置都是在名詞后，不同之處在于：定語從句對對它前面的名詞起修飾限制的作用，屬于形容詞性從句；同位語從句主要是對它前面的名詞進(jìn)行解釋和說明，屬于名詞性從句。例如人教版 高中英語教材第二冊Unit 14有這樣一個同位語從句: It’s a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.（Page 13）。又如The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2、從連接詞that上看。在同位語從句中，that是連詞，在從句中只起連接作用，不作句子成分，沒有實(shí)在意義，但是不能省略。如人教版高中英語教材第一冊Unit 16中的句子: Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.（Page 23）。在定語從句中，that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中起連接作用，并充當(dāng)從句中的句子成分（主語、賓語、表語等）。that作賓語時可以省略，同時指代先行詞。如：The book(that)she lent me is interesting.3、從內(nèi)容上看。對于有些名詞后既可以帶有定語從句，又可以帶有同位語從句的情況，一般是根據(jù)從句和名詞的關(guān)系來進(jìn)行判斷，如果是對名詞作進(jìn)一步的闡明，則是同位語從句，反之則是定語從句，另外還可以從名詞本身的意思來進(jìn)行判斷，帶有同位語從句的名詞一般為抽象名詞，而定語從句幾乎可以修飾任何名詞。

比較：

(1)The suggestion(that)she has given at the meeting is good.(定語從句)(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.（同位語從句）(1)句中that she has given at the meeting這個從句說明了是她提出的建議，不是別人的建議，也就是限定了the suggestion的范圍，但并沒有說明建議的內(nèi)容，從結(jié)構(gòu)上分析，that是give的賓語，所以這個從句是定語從句。

(2)句的that she should stay in the room這個從句說明了建議的內(nèi)容，同時，that只起連詞作用，在從句中既不是主語，也不是賓語，但不能省略，所以它是同位語從句。

又如：(1)The news that the teacher told us is very exciting.(2)The news that our team had won the game is exciting.通過同樣的辦法我們可以判斷(1)句中劃線部分為定語從句，(2)句中劃線部分為同位語從句。

很多學(xué)生認(rèn)為英語中的語法現(xiàn)象有的很相似，不易區(qū)分，其實(shí)任何一種語言中的語法現(xiàn)象都不是完全相同的，而是有區(qū)別的，只要我們在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中多注意，多觀察，認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會并分析，相信一定能夠區(qū)分并能很好運(yùn)用。

參考書目： 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社《使用英語語法》張道真編著

高等教育出版社 《高級英語語法》薄冰主編

人民教育出版社

普通高級中學(xué)英語教科書

作者姓名：夏文華

聯(lián)系電話：*** 通訊地址：河北省遷安市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校 郵政編碼：064400

第三篇：2013年高考題定語從句（模版）

2013年全國高考英語試題之定語從句

1.(山東A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom

2.(湖南)Happiness and success often come to thoseare good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

3.(安徽)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which

4.(重慶)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ofare family members.A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom

5.(天津)We have lunched another man-made satellite, is announced in today's newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what

6.(福建)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of thoselives were affected.A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.which

7.(遼寧)He may win the competition, A.in which caseB.in that case

C.in what caseD.in whose case

8.(浙江)The children, had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of which

C.all of themD.all of whom

9.(江蘇)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

10.(大綱卷)WhenI arrived, Bryan took me to see the houseI would be staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

11.（四川）Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

Key: 1-5 CBDDB6-11AADBCD

第四篇：同位語從句用法小結(jié)

同位語從句用法小結(jié)

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。在使用同位語從句時，應(yīng)注意以下五個方面：

一、常見帶有同位語從句的抽象名詞

advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim（聲明、主張），conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement（聲明、陳述），suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word

二、同位語從句連接詞的選用

在英語中，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞（that，whether），連接代詞(what ,who等)連接副詞（how，when，where）。

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.The question who should do the work requires consideration.I have no idea what he is doing now.。

We came to the decision that we must act at once.He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提議會議延期。

There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。

He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.It's a question how he did it.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題

注：在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如：

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise.三、同位語從句在句中的位置

1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。例如：

The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。例如：

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.據(jù)說他高考又落榜了。

Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.消息傳來，中國于2003年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。

四、同位語從句的語氣

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。例如：

Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule（should）be adopted.The government gave the order that all these houses（should）be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位語從句與定語從句的用法區(qū)別

區(qū)別（1）that在同位語從句中沒有詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成分；而在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等句子成分。

區(qū)別（2）同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系；而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞，是從屬的關(guān)系。

區(qū)別（3）whether，what，how可以用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句；而它們不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

第五篇：同位語從句 知識點(diǎn)和習(xí)題

XD-CPZX-0204-BMBD-1-080430

坪山校區(qū)個性化教案

XueDa PPTS Learning Center

同位語從句講解

一、理解同位語從句的含義，把握同位語從句的實(shí)質(zhì)

在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說明。

例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學(xué)校。

I heard the news that our team had won．我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的息。I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在這里。1.名詞作同位語

Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。2.短語作同位語

I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3.直接引語作同位語

But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?” 但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多利早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿幔俊?4.句子作同位語

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。

二、正確運(yùn)用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語從句

1.如同位語從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）

XD-CPZX-0204-BMBD-1-080430

坪山校區(qū)個性化教案

XueDa PPTS Learning Center

例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。

析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內(nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）

例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動會是否會如期舉行的問題。

析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加“是否”的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應(yīng)加“什么時候”的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應(yīng)加“如何”的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

4.當(dāng)主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。

三、把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限

同位語從句和定語從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明，是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。

區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。

如：The report that he was going to resign was false.XD-CPZX-0204-BMBD-1-080430

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因?yàn)閠he report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語從句。

例1：

1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as

析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容，且Information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：

2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as

析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語，且information在從句中作主語，所以該句為定語從句。

例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案為B。分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：

I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。

鞏固性練習(xí)：

1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.hat B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when

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4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./ D.it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when

Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA

同位語從句和定語從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別

同位語從句和定語從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面: 1.從詞類上區(qū)別

同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞，而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或是整個主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.(同位語從句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語從句)

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Word came that he had been abroad.(同位語從句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興?(定語從句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語從句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)?(定語從句,代詞all作先行詞?)2.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別

定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如: The news that our team has won the game was true.我們隊(duì)贏了那場比賽的消息是真的?(同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明news到底是一個什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的?(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我許諾如果誰讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有?(同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明promise到底是一個什么諾言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們高興的許諾?(定語從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語?)3.從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別

有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句?如: That question whether we need it has not been considered.我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮?(同位語從句)I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事?(同位語從句)引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替),并且作賓語時常常省略?that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替?如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了?(同位語從句,是對order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略?)

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The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組?(定語從句,是名詞order的修飾語,that在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略?)

1.意義的不同

同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來： We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)2.被修飾詞語的區(qū)別

A．定語從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞；而同位語從句的先行詞只能是名詞，而且僅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少數(shù)名詞。

例如：

①The boy who is playing football is my classmate． ②Those who work hard will succeed．

③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． ④The fact that you are talking about is important．

在①句中，劃線部分是定語從句，其先行詞是名詞 boy，它不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。

在②句中，劃線部分也是定語從句，其先行詞是代詞those，代詞不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。在③句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，其先行詞是名詞fact，它同樣可以用作定語從句的先行詞，④句便是一例。由以上分析可見，同位語從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語從句的先行詞，但定語從句的先行詞不一定能用作同位語從句的先行詞。

B．when，where，why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞一定分別是表示時間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞，而三者引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的先行詞則肯定不是表示時間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞。例如：

①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing． ②I have no idea when she will be back．

在①句中，劃線部分是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞day是表示時間的名詞； 在②句中，劃線部分是when引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，其先行詞idea則不是表示時間的名詞。

3.引導(dǎo)詞的不同

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定語從句和同位語從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個：that，when，where，why。下面把四個引導(dǎo)詞分成兩類說明它們在兩種從句中的不同用法。A．引導(dǎo)詞that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分，并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that叫做從屬連詞，它只起連接作用。不能省略。例如：

①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting． ②We heard the news that our team had won．

在①句中，劃線部分是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語，在意義上指代先行詞news。在②句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，that沒有任何意義，只起連接作用。

that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。

B．引導(dǎo)詞when，where，why 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它們叫做關(guān)系副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式；引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它們叫做連接副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式。例如：

①I will never forget the day when I joined the army． ②We have no idea when she was born．

在①句中，劃線部分是定語從句，when在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成on which的形式；

在②句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，when在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式。

③This is the house where I lived two years ago．

④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．

在③句中，劃線部分是定語從句，where在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成in which的形式；

在④句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，where在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式。

⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting． ⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent．

在⑤句中，劃線部分是定語從句，why在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成for which的形式；在⑥句 中，劃線部分是同位語從句，why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式