第一篇：賓語從句用法小結

賓語從句用法小結

一、賓語從句由關聯詞引出。

我們根據引導賓語從句的連詞不同，可把賓語從句分為三類：

以從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句。(陳述句)

I hear(that)you have passed the examination.以從屬連詞if 和whether引導的賓語從句(一般疑問句)

I don‘t know if you can come tomorrow.以連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句(特殊疑問句)

Please tell me how you can get here.二、賓語從句三要素：一連詞, 二語序, 三時態。

1)從句為陳述句時用that連接(常省略), 從句語序不變;

主句為一般現在時,從句可為任何時態。

主句為過去時態, 從句用相應的過去時態

I think(that)she is a clever girl.We all know(that)they reached Shanghai yesterday.Do you know(that)there is going to be a football

match tonight?

I saw(that)they were swimming in the river.1There will be a meeting in five days.Jack didn’t know.Jack didn’t know that there would be a meeting in five days.2.These flowers are from Guangdong.He said.He said that these flowers were from Guangdong 3.Tony can come to the school.I think.I think that Tony can come to the school 4.They returned to Shanghai.I am afraid.I am afraid that they returned to Shanghai 2)從句為特殊疑問句時連接詞用特殊疑問詞引導，從句改為陳述句語序;

主句為一般現在時,從句可為任何時態。

主句為過去時態, 從句用相應的過去時態

Do you know who she is? Please tell me how long I can keep this book.Nobody knows when he came back.He asked the policeman which is the way to the school.1What size shoes does Mary wear? She wanted to know.She wanted to know what size shoes Mary wore.2.When will the train leave? I want to know.I want to know when the train will leave 3.Who is the new girl in the class?

He asked her.He asked her who was the new girl in the class..4.What do the words mean? The boy asked the teacher.The boy asked the teacher what the words meant..從句為一般疑問句時，連接詞用whether 或 if，從句改為陳述句語序;主句為一般現在時，從句可為任何時態。主句為過去時態，從句用相應的過去時態

Can you tell me whether/if you can mend the bike?

I don't know whether/if they lived in Paris last year.I want to know whether/if she will lend you the money.I don't know whether/if he'll come the day after tomorrow.She wondered if/whether it rained last night 1.Is there a hotel near here?(Can you tell me).Can you tell me if/ whether there is a hotel near here? 2.Would they be back in three days?(She wants to know).She wants to know if / whether they would be back in three days 3.Do people like watching boat races.I wondered.I wondered if / whether people liked watching boat races.4.Does the goddess give him the magic medicine? She asked.She asked if/ whether the goddess gave him the magic medicine.幾個需要注意的問題：

賓語從句為客觀事實或真理時, 從句只能用一般現在時。The teacher told me(that)the earth is bigger than the moon.2.If 和 whether的區別。

1）Whether 后能跟 or not, if 不行。

I’d like to know whether he will come or not.2）Whether 后能加 to do, if 不行。

He doesn’t know whether to work or play.3）在介詞后只能用whether不能用if.He is trying to find out whether the medicine works 4）whether 置于句首時，不能換用if。

Whether this is true or not , I can't say.Complete the sentences with if / whether.1.Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.2.The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.3.I don’t know __________ to go or stay.4.________ that is true, what should we do? 5.________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.3.人稱問題。一說二聽三不改。

從句中第一人稱改成說話的人，第二人稱改成聽話的人 We are going to pick apples for the farmers.The students said

The students said they were going to pick apples for the farmers.2.Will you go there with my parents?(He asked her)

He asked her if she would go there with his parents.3.Can I finish it by myself ?(The old man didn’t know)

The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by himself.3.Can I finish it by myself ?(The old man didn’t know)

The old man didn’t know if he could finish it by himself.連詞that不能省略的幾種情況

在下列that引導的賓語從句中，that 2.that從句中含有主從復合句。

I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.則不能省略。3.主、從句之間有插入語時。如：

It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.4.若出現兩個或兩上以上的由that引導的賓語從句，且由并列連詞連接時，只有第一個連詞that可以省略。如：

She said(that)she would come and that she would also bring her son.她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。

第二篇：賓語從句的用法

賓語從句

一、基本講解

一、概念:在句中擔當賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。

eg, He said he was good at drawing.(動詞賓語)

He asks him how long Mike has been down.(動詞賓語)

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.(介詞賓語)

二、連接詞

(1)陳述句轉化成賓語從句時，引導詞用that,口語中常常省略。e.g, She told me(that)she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引導的賓語從句, 主要用來引導一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序

eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei.注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情況例外。

a.當從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用if

eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.b.引導詞與動詞不定式或 not 連用時，只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?

c.if當如果講，引導的是條件狀語從句，這時不能用whether.(3)特殊疑問句轉化成賓語從句時，引導詞用特殊疑問詞；引導詞后要用陳述句語序。

E.g.Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you? 特殊情況：：當do you think后接特殊疑問句轉化成賓語從句時，句式結構應為引導詞＋do you think＋陳述句語序。

三、時態

a.當主句是一般現在時，一般將來時或祈使句時，從句不受主句的限制，根據自身的需要選用相應的時態。例如：

Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）? b.當主句是一般過去時，從句要用過去時的相應時態。例如： I didn't know（if/whether he had seen the film.）

注意：當主句是一般過去時，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現象，科學原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現在時。例如： He said（that the earth moves round the sun.）

The teacher told us（that light travels much faster than sound.）

三、直接引語和間接引語在賓語從句中的運用 1.直接引語和間接引語概述

我們把引述別人的話語可歸納為兩種方式，一種時直接引述別人的話語，并置于引號之內的稱為直接引語，另一種是用自己的語言轉述別人的話語，稱為間接引語，間接引語一般構成賓語從句。例如：

The teacher asked, “Do you like English? 老師問：“你喜歡英語嗎？”（直接引語）

The girl said that she liked English very much.女孩說她非常喜歡英語。（間接引語）

一般在直接引語或間接引語當中都有一個引述動詞，如 tell, ask, say 等。這些引述動詞和它們的主語所放位置比較靈活，可以放在直接引語之前、之后或其中。主語如果是名詞時，可以倒裝。“主語+引述動詞”放在間接引語當中就相當于賓語從句的主句部分。例如：

He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”

他告訴我：“明天我打算去長春。”

"Where are you from?” asked Linda.“你來自哪里？”琳達問。2.直接引語變間接引語的變化形式

1.人稱代詞和指示代詞的變化

指示代詞this和these通常變為that和those。人稱代詞也要根據情況做適當調整。從句中的第一人稱多變為第三人稱，第二人稱根據情況改為第一人稱或第三人稱，第三人稱不變。例如：He said, “I came to help you.” 他說：“我是來幫助你的。”

→He said that he had come to help me.他說他是來幫助我的。2.時態的變化

引述動詞如果用一般現在時或一般將來時，間接引語的時態不變。

引述動詞如果用一般過去時，間接引語的時態要變成相應的過去時態的一種。具體變化如下：

一般現在時→一般過去時 一般過去時→過去完成時

現在進行時→過去進行時 現在完成時→過去完成時

一般將來時→過去將來時 【注意】

含有情態動詞的直接引語變成間接引語是，情態動詞也要相應地變成過去時態。

若直接引語為客觀真理或自然規律，變為間接引語時，時態不變。有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。

時間狀語的變化

now → then last month → the month before today → that day three days ago → three days before tonight → that night tomorrow → the next day

this week → that week next month → the next month yesterday → the day before the day after tomorrow → in two days 地點狀語的變化 here → there

謂語動詞的變化 come → go 3.直接引語變為間接引語的情況 1.直接引語為陳述句

(1)將直接引語變為由that 引導的賓語從句，接在謂語動詞之后(that 可以省略。)例如：

He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”

他說：“我昨天忘記給你打電話了。”

→He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他說她前一天忘記給我打電話了。

(2)如果引述動詞是say to sb.,則通常改為tell sb.sth.結構。例如：

He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她對我說：“你的自行車壞了。”

→He told me that my bike was broken.他對我說我的自行車壞了。2.直接引語為一般疑問句

直接引語為一般疑問句，將直接引語變為由if /whether 引導的賓語從句，句中時態、人稱、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要做相應的變化。其語序為陳述語序，若直接引語的引述動詞為say，應改為ask.例如：

Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?”

瑪麗問我，“凱倫是美國人嗎？”

→Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States.瑪麗問我海倫是否是美國人。3.直接引語為特殊疑問句

直接引語為特殊疑問句，將直接引語變為由特殊疑問句引導的賓語從句，語序是陳述語序。例如：

John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?” 約翰問我，“周迅是哪兒的人？”

→John asked me where Zhou Xun came from.約翰問我周迅是哪兒的人。4.if 引導的條件狀語從句

(1)主句用一般將來時，if 從句用一般過去時。例如：

We will go to Bao Du Zhai if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天好的話我們就去抱犢寨。

We will to travelling if we have time tomorrow.如果明天我們有時間我們就去旅行。

(2)主句祈使句，if 從句用一般現在時。例如：

Please call me if you need help.如果你需要幫助請打電話給我。

Sing a song if you feel happy.如果感到快樂就唱首歌吧！(3)主句含有情態動詞，if 從句用一般現在時。

You can make a lot of money if you run a company.如果你經營一家公司的話你會裝很多錢。

You can get number one if you study hard.如果你努力學習你就可以得第一。

—Mary, what about going boating if it doesn’t rain?

瑪麗，如果明天不下雨，我們就劃船好嗎？

—Good idea.好主意。

四、賓語從句與簡單句的轉化

1.2.當主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結構。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths.→She agreed to help me with my maths.2.當主句的謂語動詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉化的賓語時，主從句的主語也須一致這時從句可以簡化成“疑問詞＋不定式結構”。例如：

I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.3.當主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell, show, teach等后面帶雙賓語時，從句的主語和間接賓語一致，且從句是由特殊疑問句轉化來時，從句可以轉化成“疑問詞＋不定式結構”,或者在連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結構。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park? 4.當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補”結構，賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.相應練習：

（一）1.Have you decided ________for Australia? A.when will you leave

B.when do you leave C.you will leave when

D.when you will leave 2.Can you tell me _________ ? A.where does Tom live B.where Tom lived

C.Tom lives where D.where Tom lives 3.The old man asked me ________.A.where was the cinema

B.where is the cinema C.where the cinema was

D.where was the way to the cinema 4.I think _______ you will like him.A.that

B.if

C.why

D.how 5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.A.that B.whether C.weather

D.how 6.I wonder _________.A.how much cost these shoes

B.how much do these shoes cost C.how much these shoes cost

D.how much are these shoes cost 7.She asked me _________.A.who he was

B.who was he C.who is he D.who he is 8.Ask him ___.A.whose cup this is B.whose cup is this C.this is whose cup D.whose is this cup 9.I don’t know _________.A.what time the movie starts

B.what time starts the movie C.the time to start the movie

D.the movie what time starts 10.The doctor asked me how long ________.A.was I ill

B.have I been ill

C.I have been ill

D.I had been ill 11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.A.if it rains tomorrow

B.if does it rain tomorrow C.if it will rain tomorrow

D.if will it rain tomorrow 12.Do you know _________? A.whose pen is this

B.whose pen this is C.whom does the pen belong to

D.whom the pen belong to 13.Could you tell me where _________? A.the tape was

B.was the tape

C.the tape is

D.is the tape 14.They want to know _________? A.where is the hospital B.how old are you C.when the train will leave D.why is the boy crying 15.Tony wanted to know _________.A.what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B.when Father Christmas had put in his stocking C.what Father Christmas had put in his stocking D.where Father Christmas had put in his stocking 16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A.when

B.whether

C.where

D.if 17.July didn’t know_________.A.where is Tim’s father

B.when was the first watch made C.who the old man is

D.what was wrong with her watch 18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.A.how should we do

B.what we should do

C.what to do

D.what should we do 19.We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A.how do it

B.how to do

C.what do it

D.what to do 20.He asked me _________.A.whether I find out the sender of the money

B.whether did I find out the sender of the money C.whether the sender of the money found out

D.whether I found out the sender of the money

（二）（）1.Your T-shirt is so cool.Could you tell me ________? A.where you buy it B.where do you buy it C.where you bought it D.where did you buy it（）2.—Excuse me.Could you tell me _____I can get to the Space Museum(太空博物館)?

--Of course.You can take bus No.1.A.where

B.how

C.if

D.why（）3.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?--Maybe 900 yuan.I’m not quite sure.A.how much she paid for B.how much will she pay for

C.how much did she pay for（）4.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds.A.what B.when C.why

D.where（）5.--Excuse me, could you tell me ________?--Certainly.Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left.A.where the post office is

B.when you will visit the museum C.where is the post office

D.when will you visit the museum（）6.—Do you know ________the girl in red is ?

—I’m not sure.Maybe a teacher.A.when B.how

C.where D.what（）7.—What did your parents thank about your decision?--They always let me do_______I think I should.A.when B.that

C.how

D.what（）8.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport

B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at

D.when the airport should we arrive at（）9.--Would you please tell me __________?

--At 10:00 this evening.A.when will the train leave

B.when the train will leave

C.when does the train leave（）10.--Do you think ________ a concert in our school hall this weekend?--Yes, there will.A.there will have

B.there will be

C.will there be

D.will there have（）11.I don’t know if my uncle ________.If he ________, I will be very happy.A.comes;will come

B.will come;will come

C.comes;comes

D.will come;comes（）12.--Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?

--Sorry, I have no idea.A.will go;is fine

B.goes;is fine

C.will go;is going to be fine

D.goes;will be fine

（）13.No one can be sure_________ in a million years.A.what man looks like

B.what will man look like

C.what man looked like

D.what man will look like（）14.Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.A.will go B.would go C.goes D.has gone（）15.The new-designed car is on show now.I wonder _________.A.how much it cost B.how much did it cost C.how much it costs D.how much does it cost

（三）將下列句子中的直接引語改為間接引語： 1.“I am very happy.” said Fisher proudly.2.Dinny said: “I saw Mr Muskam yesterday.”

3.He said: “I will have finished my work by that time.”

4.“I have never seen anything more beautiful than this.” he said.5.Mr Rochester said;“I’ve settled everything;and we will leave Thornfield tomorrow.”

6.“It is too late.” he said.7.“Here is Miss Eyre, sir,” said Mrs Fairfax.8.“I will try it,” said Kate.9.“I’ve studied biology,” he said.10.“We will go back to the house,” he said.

第三篇：同位語從句用法小結

同位語從句用法小結

在復合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。在使用同位語從句時，應注意以下五個方面：

一、常見帶有同位語從句的抽象名詞

advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim（聲明、主張），conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement（聲明、陳述），suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word

二、同位語從句連接詞的選用

在英語中，引導同位語從句的詞通常有連詞（that，whether），連接代詞(what ,who等)連接副詞（how，when，where）。

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.The question who should do the work requires consideration.I have no idea what he is doing now.。

We came to the decision that we must act at once.He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提議會議延期。

There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。

He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.It's a question how he did it.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題

注：在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如：

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise.三、同位語從句在句中的位置

1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達的具體內容。例如：

The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。例如：

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.據說他高考又落榜了。

Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.消息傳來，中國于2003年10月15日首次成功發射了載人飛船。

四、同位語從句的語氣

在suggestion，advice，request，order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結構，句中的should可以省略。例如：

Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule（should）be adopted.The government gave the order that all these houses（should）be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個星期內所有這些房子都要拆掉。

五、同位語從句與定語從句的用法區別

區別（1）that在同位語從句中沒有詞義，不充當句子成分；而在定語從句中充當主語、賓語等句子成分。

區別（2）同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關系；而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞，是從屬的關系。

區別（3）whether，what，how可以用來引導同位語從句；而它們不能用來引導定語從句。

第四篇：英語從句用法小結

英語從句用法小結

一、主語從句

★ 定義：主語從句時名詞性從句中的一種，指句中的主語是一個完整的句子。

★ 位置：它可以放在主句謂語動詞之前，但多數情況下由it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句之后。

★ 連詞：引導主語從句的連詞有that, whether, 連接代詞有who, what, which, 連接副詞有when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That she was able to come made us very happy.Whether she will come or not is still a question.What we need is more time.Who will go makes no difference.Which team will win the match is still unknown.When they will start is not known yet.Where she has gone is a mystery.How this happened is not clear.Why he did that wasn’t.★ 引導主語從句的that不作成分，但不能省略。★ 由it作形式主語，常用句型有：

It is +名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+主語從句

It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.此外，還有以下常用結構： It turned out that… 結果是… It has been found that…已經發現… It has been proved that…已經證明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is well-known that…據說…

It is said/reported that…據說/據報道… It must be pointed out that…必須指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都沒關系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫無區別

二、表語從句

★ 定義：表語是一個完整的句子。，由引導，有時可省略that.★ 位置：從句位于系動詞之后。

★ 連詞：引導標語從句的連詞有that，whether, as if, 代詞who, what, which, 副詞when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That fact is(that)she never liked him.It could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal warming.這可能是此處的冰層覆蓋對全球變暖不那么敏感。

The question is who can complete the difficult task.★ 注意：用because引導的標語從句僅限于以下一個句型 This/That/It is because(that)…

I think it’s because you are doing too much.主語是reason是，表語從句不能用why或because引導，只能用that.One reason why Hamlet is such a sucessful play is that it appeals to many different people.表語從句不能用if引導，但可用as if引導。He looked as if he was going to cry.三、同位語從句

★ 定義：同位語是一個名詞，表示與前面名詞相同的人或物，如“my friend John”中，John 是friend的同位語，the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中，river 是Yangtze的同位語。同位語從句即表示同位語是一個完整的句子。

★ 位置：同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進一步uom該名詞的具體內容，或對該名詞作進一步解釋。

★ 可接同位語從句的名詞一般是具有一定內容含義的名詞：conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, problem, promise, reason,truth等。

★ 連詞：that(不能用which)，連接副詞when, how, why, whether, 連接代詞what.★ 例句： His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.The problem whether this material can be used in our factory has not been solved.He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.四、同位語從句與定語從句的區別

★ 從意義上看，同位語從句是名詞性從句，是對一個名詞加以補充說明，而定語從句是形容詞性的，是對一個名詞加以修飾和限定。

★ 從結構上看，同位語從句是由連接詞引導，連接詞雖在從句中那個不充當任何成分，但不可省略。而定語從句中的關系代詞代替先行詞，并在句中充當成分（主語或賓語），充當賓語時常可省略。

★ 例句：The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.定語從句

The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.同位語從句

五、賓語從句

★ 定義：句中及物動詞或介詞的賓語是一個完整的句子。

★ 連詞：連接賓語從句的連詞有that, whether, if, 連接代詞有 who，whose, what, which 以及連接副詞有when, where, how, why。★ 結構：

主語+謂語+（連接詞）+賓語從句（用陳述句語序）

Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.主語+謂語+it+賓補+that+賓語從句

用于這一結構的及物動詞有consider, find, make, regard, see, take, think。We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day.He always take it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.

第五篇：講解賓語從句

講解賓語從句，定語從句，表語從句，狀語從句

瀏覽次數：1378次懸賞分：0 | 解決時間：2009-6-13 17:26 | 提問者：魚臺問問

詳細講解

最佳答案

一、狀語從句分類及常用連詞：

類別 連 詞

時間狀語從句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc.地點狀語從句 where,wherever

原因狀語從句 because, since, as, for, now that, etc.目的狀語從句 in order that, so that, that, etc.結果狀語從句 so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc.條件狀語從句 if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.讓步狀語從句 though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc.比較狀語從句 as…as, so…as, than, etc.方式狀語從句 as, as if, as though, etc.二、相似連詞的用法區別

1.when, while, as，while表時間，從句需用延續性動詞，切不可用瞬間動詞。

when表時間，從句既可以用延續性動詞，又可以用瞬間動詞。

as表時間，與when相似，但側重強調主從句動作同點或同段進行。

when, while后可以接分詞短語。

2.because, as, since, for

語氣 位置 意義

because 最強 前或后 “原因”；表客觀因果關系；回答“” as 較強 前 “由于”；把眾人所知的事實當作理由

since 較弱 前 “既然”；就對方陳述的事實作為理由

for 最弱 后 “理由”；對某一事實進行推斷的理由

注：上面所說的“前”，指從句在主句之前；“后”，指從句在主句之后。

3.so that, so…that, such…that

so that “以便”、“結果”表目的和結果。注意：在從句中有情態動詞表目的。無情態動詞表結果。

so…that “如此的…以致于”表結果。該結構常見于： 1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋單數名詞＋that 3.so＋many/much＋復數名詞（不可數名詞）+that

such…that “如此的…以致于”表結果。該結構常見于：

1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名詞＋that 2.such＋形＋復數名詞／不可數名詞＋that

4.though, although, as，though, although在句首表“盡管”兩者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。

下列情況只能用though：

▲ as though(=as if);even if(=even though)▲ 在句末表示“然而”

as表示“盡管”，從句的表語、狀語等成分要倒裝。

5.whatever, however,wherever, whenever

它們是what, how, where, when的強勢語氣。分別等于：

no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter when

二賓語從句

1.肯定句

結構:主句+that（可有可無）+肯定句

2.一般疑問句

結構:主句+if+一般疑問句

3.特殊疑問句

結構:主句+疑問詞+肯定句。

賓語從句的時態

1.主現從不限（主句是一般現在時，從句的時態不限）

2.主過從四過（主居是一般過去時，從句的時態應是一般過去時、過去完成時、過去將來時或者過去進行時）

在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的一種從句，它內容完整，句型結構較為復雜，主句和從句時態搭配要求嚴格，在中考試題中頻頻出現。而且學好賓語從句也可為到高中學習間接引語、主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句打下良好的基礎。學習賓語從句并不難，只要你能過好下面的三道關：

第一關，選好連接詞（也有人叫關聯詞）。

引導賓語從句的連接詞，課本上寫有三類，但從學習的角度看分為四類更為實用。

1．連詞that：只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中或非正式文體中常被省略。例如：

1）He knew（that）he should work hard．

2）I am glad（that）you've passed the exam． 2．連詞whether或if：它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口語中多用if。例如：

3）Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？（注：2002上海市徐匯區中考試題填上答案后的句子。以下再有這種例句，都為2002年中考題，只寫某地。）

4）Tom didn't know if／whether his grandpa liked the present．

作“是否”解的if和whether在具體用法上差別較大，同學們不易掌握。在賓語從句中用whether沒有用if時受到那么多限制。例如：

5）He asked me whether or not I was coming．他問我是否要來。（該句中的whether不能換成if，因為if不能與or連用。）

3．連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which：它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意義。例如：

6）The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？（武漢市）（which引導賓語從句，在從句中作定語，修飾class，意為“哪個”。）

7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？（天津市）

4．連接副詞when，where，why，how：起連接作用，分別作時間、地點、原因、方式狀語，各有其自己的意義。例如：

8）I wonder where he got so much money．對他從哪里弄到那么多錢我感到疑惑。（where在從句中作地點狀語，修飾got，意為“哪里；什么地方”。）

9）He didn't tell me how old his friend was．（四川省）（how引導賓語從句，作程度狀語，修飾old，意為“怎樣；如何”等意。）

第二關，牢記賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序，即“連接詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他”。這里特別強調的是，它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述句的語序，不是疑問句的倒裝語序。例如：

10）You must remember what your teacher said．（河南省）

11）—Dad，do you know when the football game will start？

—In half an hour．（寧波市）

12）漢譯英：你能不能告訴我，我們去看望誰？

誤：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see？

正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？

錯句的錯誤出在賓語從句中誤用了疑問句的結構——主語前加了個助動詞do。因為我們已經習慣了特殊疑問句，如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris？就順口說出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris？”這種錯誤句子來。但是一旦我們注意了，我們不久就習慣于說“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris？”了。

第三關，注意時態的呼應。

賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態，常常受主句謂語時態的制約，這種現象稱為“時態的呼應”。例如：

13）漢譯英：我原以為你今天有空的。

誤：I thought（that）you are free today．

正：I thought（that）you would be free today． 錯句中賓語從句用are很可能是因為有 today，但因為主句謂語是thought，所以從句謂語就該用過去將來時would be了。

這種時態的呼應，如果主句謂語是現在時或將來時，賓語從句的謂語時態不受限制，如上述例句2），3），7），8），10），11），12）。如果主句時態是過去時，賓語從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時（即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等）。例如：

14）He thought he was working for the people．

15）I heard she had been to the Great W all．

16）John hoped that he would find a job soon．

但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等，則不變化：

17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun

定語從句

定語從句

內容提要

定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句，結果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。

一、限定性定語從句

1.that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置

2.which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟

3.代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略

4.who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語

5.where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句

6.when引導定語從句表示時間

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時間“time“一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格

8.當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導

二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分

2.在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike it.我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which)they left.剛好我們到的那天他們走了。

3.有時as也可用作關系代詞

4.在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

三、定語從句結構錯誤

1.缺關系詞

2.從句中缺成分

最佳答案

定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句，結果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。

一、限定性定語從句

1.that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟 掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置

2.which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟

3.代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略

4.who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語

5.where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句

6.when引導定語從句表示時間

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時間“time”一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格

8.當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導

二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分

2.在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike it.我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which)they left.剛好我們到的那天他們走了。

3.有時as也可用作關系代詞

4.在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

狀語從句

§ 1狀語從句的種類

用來修飾謂語動詞、其它動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為：

1.時間狀語從句；(adverbial clause of time)

2.地點狀語從句；(adverbial clause of place)

3.原因狀語從句；(adverbial clause of cause)

4.條件狀語從句；(adverbial clause of condition)

5.目的狀語從句；(adverbial clause of purpose)

6.讓步狀語從句；(adverbial clause of concession)7.比較狀語從句；(adverbial clause of comparison)

8.程度狀語從句；(adverbial clause of degree)

9.方式狀語從句；(adverbial clause of manner)

10.結果狀語從句。(adverbial clause of result)

§2狀語從句的時態特點

一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就給你打電話。（這是由as soon as引導的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現在時，表示一般將來時，決不可用will arrive）

As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.我一完成此工作，就回家。（從句中的謂語動詞用現在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,決不可用will have finished）

If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了，請通知我。（從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時，決不可用will come back）

二 時間狀語從句

§3時間狀語從句（adverbial clause of time）

1.由when, while, as引導的時間狀語從句。例如：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當你以為自己一無所知的時候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.當真理被埋在地下的時候，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會炸破一切！

Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。

Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim.我游泳的時候，請你照看一下我的衣服。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.當你的手在空氣中揮動的時候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我們的校長邊談邊笑。

【區別】when, while和as的區別：when引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”。例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當的住在農村時，我常常為他擔水。（延續性的動詞）

We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時他進來了。

While引導的從句的謂語動作必須是延續性的，并強調主句和從句的動作同時發生（或者相對應）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(was reading是延續性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）

As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導的動作是延續性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發生；as也可以強調“一先一后。例如：

We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）

As we was going out, it began to snow.當我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強調句中兩個動作緊接著先后發生，而不強調開始下雪的特定時間）

2.由before和after引導的時間狀語從句。注意before引導的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當before引導的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關系。當主句用將來時，從句總是用現在時；如果before引導的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現動作發生的先后。After表示主句動作發生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關系正好與before引導的從句相反。例如：

It will be four days before they come back.他們要過四天才能回來。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

They had not been married four months before they were divorced.他們結婚還不到四個月就離婚了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細考慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）

3.由till或until引導的時間狀語從句。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之后他才開始教我英語。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。

Please wait until I arrived.在我到達之前請等我。

4.由since引導的時間狀語從句。since引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現在完成時。但在It is ＋時間＋since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現在時。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left.自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了。

5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導的時間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示“一……就”。例如：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。

The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。

【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。當hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時，主句應用倒裝語序。例如：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他剛到家，就被邀請開始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進來了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。

6.由by the time引導的時間狀語從句。注意時態的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果主句的謂語動詞用一般現在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。例如：

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時，我已經寫完這本書了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經完成此工作了。

7.由each time, every time和whenever引導的時間狀語從句。例如：

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。

Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當那個人說“說實在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。

You grow younger every time I see you.每次遇到你，見你更年輕了。

8.由as long as和so long as引導的時間狀語從句。這兩個連詞表示“有多久……就多久”。例如：

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.你可以隨意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回來就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存，我就要反對這種境況。

三 地點狀語從句

§4地點狀語從句(adverbial clause of place)

地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導，已經形成了固定的句型，例如：

句型1：Where＋地點從句，（there）＋主句。

【注意】此句型通常譯成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在從句后面時，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時，一般都不用there。例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons.Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.你本來應該把書放回原來的地方。

Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中國共產黨，哪里人民得解放。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地點從句，＋主句。

【注意】anywhere本身是個副詞，但是，常可以引導從句，相當于連詞，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是個連詞，表示“在何處，無論何處”。例如：

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員

同位語

一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。

1.由兩個或兩個以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結構,其中前項與后項所指相同,句法功能也相同,后項是前項的同位語。

Mr.Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。

Mr.Smith是主詞our new teacher的同位語,指同一人。

Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。

a friend of my brother's是受詞Tom的同位語,指同一人。

2.如同位語與其同位成分關系緊密時不用逗點隔開;如同位語對其同位成分只作補充解釋時可用逗點隔開。

He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.他本人對我講,他的兄長約翰是一位世界聞名的醫生。

himself和John都是單一的字作同位語,與其同位成分之間不用逗點隔開。

Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr.James.昨天我與我的英語老師詹姆斯先生談過了。

同位語Mr.James補充解釋my English teacher,同位語與其同位成分之間可用逗點隔開。

3.同位語除表示其同位成分的全部意義外,還可以表示部分意義。

We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.我們中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。

He is interested in sports, especially ball games.他喜歡運動,特別是球類運動。

同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事實)，belief(信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；觀念)，promise(承諾)，information(信息)，conclusion(結論)，order(命令)，suggestion(建議)，problem(問題)，thought(想法)等后面。例如： He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health.His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time.I had no idea that you were here.She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.He made a promise that he would never come late.注意： that 既可引導同位語從句又可引導定語從句，其區別在于：同位語從句由連接詞that引導，連接詞that本身無意義，在同位語從句中不充當任何成分，不可省略，不可以用其他詞替代；定語從句由關系代詞that引導，關系代詞that在從句中充當一定的成分，作賓語時可省略，由when, why, where引導的 同位語從句和定語從句的區別在于： 同位語從句由連接副詞只起連接作用，沒有指代作用； 定語從句由關系副詞引導，關系副詞具有指代先行詞的作用，常用一個介詞加關系代詞替換。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met.（同位語從句, when為連接詞）That is the special day(which/that)I will never forget.（定語從句，which/that為關系副詞）This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago.（同位語從句, where為連接詞）This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago.（定語從句，where為關系副詞）

區分表語從句和同位語從句

從句是相對于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個主句，而不能單獨作一個句子。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句,包括時間、條件、結果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等）。

主語從句用作主語，如：：

That the earth is round is true.地球為圓的是真實的。

賓語從句用作賓語。如：

Do you know where he lives?

表語從句用作表語，如：

My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意見是你不應單獨前往。

同位語從句用于解釋說明前面的名詞。如：

The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圓的的事實是真實的。（that從句用于解釋說明the fact）

定語從句相當于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：

The student who answered the question was John.回答問題的學生是John.狀語從句相當于一個副詞，如：

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.天下雨時，我通常坐公共汽車上學。（時間狀語）

If he comes tomorrow, you will see him.如果他明天來，你就可以看見他。（if 引導的條件狀語從句，其結構為：if +狀語從句，＋主句）。要注意在狀語從句中有一個規則是“主將從現”，即主句是將來時，則從句要用一般現在時表示將來。

主句和從句的劃分方法是相同的。句子的成分從謂語動詞處來劃分比較容易。謂語動詞前面的部分是主語，后面常接賓語，修飾謂語動詞的是狀語，修飾主語、賓語的是定語，若謂語是系動詞，則系動詞后的部分是表語。如：

I am a teacher.其中，I 是主語，am是謂語，a teacher 是表語。

He likes playing football very mucy.其中，he是主語，likes是謂語，playing football是賓語，very much是狀語。

參考資料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/45927224.html?fr=qrl