第一篇：過去將來時的用法小結及練習 初中英語語法復習大全

江西省吉安縣鳳凰中學初中英語語法復習過去將來時的用法小結及

練習

【用法】

過去將來時表示在過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。即:過去將來時是“立足過去,著眼未來”的一種時態, 常用于賓語從句中。判斷這種時態的依據是:要有表示過去的“動作”,而不是時間。如: I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon.我聽說他們不久要回到上海。【構成】

①由助動詞“would/should+動詞原形”構成,should主要用于主語是第一人稱時;would可用于各種人稱。如: Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.不論何時我們遇到困難,他總會給予幫助。

②由“was/were going to+動詞原形”構成。如: No one knew when he was going to come.沒有人知道他什么時候來。【注意】

①表示“往來”時空變化的短暫性動詞如“go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return, take off”等,通常用過去進行時來表示過去將來。如: He said they were leaving at seven.他說他們將于七點動身。

一、過去將來時的含義

過去將來時表示在過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。例如：

I didn’t know if he would come.我不知道他是否會來。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.他們從來都不知道人口問題將會成為一個大問題。She didn’t tell me where she would go.她沒有告訴我她要去哪兒。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.貝蒂說下周六她要去參觀長城。

二、過去將來時的表達法

（一）“would+動詞原形”。常表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事。例如 He said he would come to see me.他說他要來看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.他告訴我他將去北京。

（二）“was/ were+going to+動詞原形”。常可用來表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事。例如：

She said she was going to start off at once.她說她將立即出發。

I was told that he was going to return home.有人告訴我他準備回家。

此結構還可表示根據當時情況判斷有可能但不一定會發生某事。例如： It seemed as if it was going to rain.看來好像要下雨。

（三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等動詞可用過去進行時代替過去將來時。例如：

He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他說火車將于第二天早晨六點離開。

She told me she was coming to see me.她告訴我她要來看我。

（四）條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中須用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如：

I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么時候來，但她來了我會告訴你。

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.老師說，如果我不努力學習的話，就很難取得進步。

過去將來時典型錯誤例析

1.我們不知道他是否要在會上發言。

誤：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.析：該句主句為過去時，且賓語從句表示從過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作，所以從句要用過去將來時態。

2.老師問湯姆長大后準備干什么。

誤：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.析：在時間狀語從句中，常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發生的動作。3.他們說如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農場。

誤：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.析：在條件狀語從句中，也常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發生的動作。4.王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買一些書。

誤：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.析：過去將來時可以由“助動詞should/would+動詞原形”構成，但should一般只用于第一人稱。而would可用于各種人稱。

5.上次我見到你時，你正打算開始乘火車去西藏。

誤：Last time I saw you，you had started to go to Tibet by train.正：Last time I saw you，you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.②“was/ were about to +動詞原形”,可以表示過去即將發生的事情。如: The US said that the war on Iraq was about to start in a week.美國說伊拉克之戰將在一周后打響。I.選擇填空

()1.—What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A.will visit B.has visited C.is going to visit D.would visit()2.I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A.to come B.is coming C.will come D.was coming()3.Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A.took B.would take C.takes D.will take()4.We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.A.are going to grow B.were going to grow C.will grow D.have grown()5.She ______ to work when the telephone rang.A.is going B.will go C.was about to go D.is to go II.用所給動詞的適當形式填空

1.Miss Zhang said she ________(visit)the Great Wall next summer.2.She told him that she ________(not stay)here for long.3.I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come)the next year.4.The scientists said the world’s population _______(slow)down in future.Key: I.1-5 DDBBC II.1.would visit 2.would not stay 3.would come 4.would slow

一、單選

1-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.-Well, he said he _____here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A as;come B was;would come C would be;came D will be;come 4Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend

二、填空 She said the bus _______(leave)at five the next morning.2 I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend)me his book the next morning.3 He was fifty-six.In two years he _______(be)fifty-eight.4 Whenever she has time, she ______(help)them in their work.答案：1 B 2 A 3C 4 D 1 was leaving 2 would lend 3 would be 4 would help

第二篇：過去將來時用法小結

過去將來時用法小結與練習。編者：劉老師85119899

【用法】

過去將來時表示在過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。即:過去將來時是“立足過去,著眼未來”的一種時態, 常用于賓語從句中。判斷這種時態的依據是:要有表示過去的“動作”,而不是時間。如: I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon.我聽說他們不久要回到上海。【構成】

①由助動詞“would/should+動詞原形”構成,should主要用于主語是第一人稱時;would可用于各種人稱。如: Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.不論何時我們遇到困難,他總會給予幫助。②由“was/were going to+動詞原形”構成。如: No one knew when he was going to come.沒有人知道他什么時候來。【注意】

①表示“往來”時空變化的短暫性動詞如“go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return, take off”等,通常用過去進行時來表示過去將來。如: He said they were leaving at seven.他說他們將于七點動身。

一、過去將來時的含義

過去將來時表示在過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。例如： I didn’t know if he would come.我不知道他是否會來。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.他們從來都不知道人口問題將會成為一個大問題。She didn’t tell me where she would go.她沒有告訴我她要去哪兒。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.貝蒂說下周六她要去參觀長城。

二、過去將來時的表達法

（一）“would+動詞原形”。常表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事。例如 He said he would come to see me.他說他要來看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.他告訴我他將去北京。

（二）“was/ were+going to+動詞原形”。常可用來表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事。例如： She said she was going to start off at once.她說她將立即出發。

I was told that he was going to return home.有人告訴我他準備回家。

此結構還可表示根據當時情況判斷有可能但不一定會發生某事。例如：

It seemed as if it was going to rain.看來好像要下雨。

（三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等動詞可用過去進行時代替過去將來時。例如： He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他說火車將于第二天早晨六點離開。She told me she was coming to see me.她告訴我她要來看我。

（四）條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中須用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如： I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么時候來，但她來了我會告訴你。

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.老師說，如果我不努力學習的話，就很難取得進步。

過去將來時典型錯誤例析

1.我們不知道他是否要在會上發言。

誤：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.析：該句主句為過去時，且賓語從句表示從過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作，所以從句要用過去將來時態。2.老師問湯姆長大后準備干什么。

誤：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.析：在時間狀語從句中，常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發生的動作。3.他們說如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農場。

誤：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.析：在條件狀語從句中，也常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發生的動作。4.王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買一些書。

誤：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.析：過去將來時可以由“助動詞should/would+動詞原形”構成，但should一般只用于第一人稱。而would可用于各種人稱。5.上次我見到你時，你正打算開始乘火車去西藏。

誤：Last time I saw you，you had started to go to Tibet by train.正：Last time I saw you，you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.②“was/ were about to +動詞原形”,可以表示過去即將發生的事情。如: The US said that the war on Iraq was about to start in a week.美國說伊拉克之戰將在一周后打響。I.選擇填空

（）1.—What did your son say in the letter?

—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A.will visit

B.has visited

C.is going to visit

D.would visit（）2.I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A.to come B.is coming

C.will come D.was coming（）3.Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A.took

B.would take

C.takes

D.will take（）4.We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.A.are going to grow B.were going to grow

C.will grow

D.have grown（）5.She ______ to work when the telephone rang.A.is going

B.will go

C.was about to go D.is to go II.用所給動詞的適當形式填空

1.Miss Zhang said she ________(visit)the Great Wall next summer.2.She told him that she ________(not stay)here for long.3.I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come)the next year.4.The scientists said the world’s population _______(slow)down in future.一、單選

1-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.-Well, he said he _____here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A as;come B was;would come C would be;came D will be;come 4Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend

二、填空 She said the bus _______(leave)at five the next morning.2 I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend)me his book the next morning.3 He was fifty-six.In two years he _______(be)fifty-eight.4 Whenever she has time, she ______(help)them in their work.過去將來時練習題

1.On television last night the newscaster announced that the leader ________ on Saturday.A.is arriving B.will arrive C.would be arrived D.would arrive

2.He told us that he would begin the dictation when we________ ready.A.will be

B.would be

C.were

D.are

3.My aunt ________ to see us, she would be here soon.A.is corning B.was coming C.came

D.had came

4.They would be given a new house if more ________ the next year.A.will be built B.would be built C.are built

D.were built

5.--Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

--I ___, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had

B.would

C.was going to

D.did

6．--Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.--Oh, how nice of you!I ___ you ___ to bring me a gift.A.never think;are going B.never thought;were going

C.didn’t think;were going D.hadn’t thought;were going

7.This morning Alice ___ out ___ the door opened and in came some strangers.A.was just about to go;while B.went;when C.was going;while D.was just about to go;when

8.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ office soon.A.Leaves

B.would leave

C.Left

D.had left 二。練習題

1.Pick me up at eight o'clock, I ______ my bath by then.A)will have had B)will be having C)can have had D)may have 2.By the end of this month, we surely ___________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A)have found B)will be finding C)will have found D)are finding 3.By the end of the year all but two people _______________.A)have left B)will leave C)will be leaving D)will have left 4.It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory

by about 10%.A)will have risen B)has risen C)will be rising D)has been rising 5.The conference _____________ a full week by the time it ends.A)must have lasted B)will have lasted C)would last D)has lasted 6.My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock.The plane I would like to take from there ____________by then.A)would leave B)will have left C)has left D)had left 7.-May I speak to your manager Mr.Williams at five o'clock tonight?-I'm sorry.Mr.Williams ____ to a conference long before then.A)will have gone B)had gone C)would have gone D)has gone 8.By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ____ here for two days.A)have been staying B)have stayed C)shall stay D)will have stayed 9.By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London.A)am leaving B)shall have left C)have already left D)would be leaving

第三篇：英語 過去將來時小結

一、過去將來時的含義

過去將來時表示在過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。例如：

I didn’t know if he would come.我不知道他是否會來。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.他們從來都不知道人口問題將會成為一個大問題。

She didn’t tell me where she would go.她沒有告訴我她要去哪兒。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.貝蒂說下周六她要去參觀長城。

二、過去將來時的表達法

（一）“would+動詞原形”。常表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事。例如

He said he would come to see me.他說他要來看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.他告訴我他將去北京。

（二）“was/ were+going to+動詞原形”。常可用來表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事。例如：

She said she was going to start off at once.她說她將立即出發。

I was told that he was going to return home.有人告訴我他準備回家。

此結構還可表示根據當時情況判斷有可能但不一定會發生某事。例如：

It seemed as if it was going to rain.看來好像要下雨。

（三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等動詞可用過去進行時代替過去將來時。例如：

He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他說火車將于第二天早晨六點離開。

She told me she was coming to see me.她告訴我她要來看我。

（四）條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中須用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如：

I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么時候來，但她來了我會告訴你。

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.老師說，如果我不努力學習的話，就很難取得進步。

過去將來時典型錯誤例析

1.我們不知道他是否要在會上發言。

誤：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.析：該句主句為過去時，且賓語從句表示從過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作，所以從句要用過去將來時態。

2.老師問湯姆長大后準備干什么。

誤：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.析：在時間狀語從句中，常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發生的動作。

3.他們說如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農場。

誤：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.析：在條件狀語從句中，也常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發生的動作。

4.王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買一些書。

誤：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.析：過去將來時可以由“助動詞should/would+動詞原形”構成，但should一般只用于第一人稱。而would可用于各種人稱。

5.上次我見到你時，你正打算開始乘火車去西藏。

誤：Last time I saw you，you had started to go to Tibet by train.正：Last time I saw you，you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.析：last time是一般過去時或過去將來時的顯著標志。

第四篇：高中一般將來時&過去將來時

將來時

將來時包括一般將來時和過去將來時。一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經常或重復發生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow，next year，soon……等。

例：I'm going to study tomorrow.我打算明天去學習。

I will（shall）study tomorrow.我明天將去學習。

我們已經學習了一般現在時、一般過去時，它們和一般將來時是一個什么樣的關系呢？一般現在時，表示目前（現在）習慣或經常性的動作。

以現在為基準，敘述過去某時的事情，用過去時。而以現在為基準，敘述將來的事情時，則用將來時。

1.I cleaned my room yesterday.2.I clean my room every day.3.I am going to（=will）clean my room tomorrow.句1是一般過去時，敘述過去的某時（昨天）發生的事，和現在沒有關系。只是說明我昨天打掃了房間。句2是一般現在時，敘述的是經常性的動作，我每天打掃房間，已成為一種習慣。句3是敘述將來某個時間（明天）要發生的事。我明天要打掃房間。【注意】

在英語中，不同的時態，必須以不同的動詞形式來表達。一般將來時的構成：

A.主語+be（am，is，are）going to+動詞原形～.B.主語+will（shall）+動詞原形～ be going to+動詞原形

對于將要發生的事，或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情時，皆以《be going to +動詞原形～》的句型來表示。

因為此句型含有be動詞，所以是否用am，are，is，決定于主語。1 肯定句主語+be（am，are，is）going to+動詞原形～.I am going to play football next Sunday.下周日我打算踢足球。

He is going to travel around the world.他計劃周游世界。

They're going to meet outside the school gate.他們打算在校門口見面。It is going to rain.要下雨了。【注意】

be going to后面的動詞一定要用原形。否定句主語+be（am，are，is）not going to+動詞原形～.We're not going to have any class next week.下周我們不上課。

此句型含有be動詞，所以它的否定句的作法與一般含有be動詞的句型相同，只要在be動詞后面加上not即可，其余不變。I'm not going to be a teacher.我不打算當老師。

He isn't going to see his brother tomorrow.他明天不準備去看他哥哥。【必背】 縮略句的用法

I'm going to… He's going to… We're going to… I'm not going to… He isn't going to… We aren't going to… 疑問句：Be（Am，Is，Are）+主語+going to+動詞原形～？ Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up？ 你長大了，打算當一名醫生嗎？

Yes，I am.是的，我打算當。No，I'm not.?不，我不打算當。

1.同樣，因為句型中有be動詞，所以它的疑問句的作法也和含有be動詞的句型相同。把be動詞放在句首，就使其成為疑問句了。Is your sister going to bring lunch？ 你姐姐打算給你帶飯來嗎？ Yes，she is.（No，she isn't.）是的，她會的。（不，她不會。）

2.疑問句可分成以be動詞為句首的一般疑問句，另一種就是以疑問詞為句首的特殊疑問句。其句型如下：

疑問詞（What，Where…）+ be（am，is，are）+主語+going to+動詞原形～？ What are you going to do next Sunday？ 下星期天你打算干什么？ I'm going to go fishing.我打算去釣魚。

Who is going to use it？ 誰準備用它？

Li Ming is going to use it.李明準備用它。

（簡略回答： Li Ming is.）

When is she going to buy a new house？ 她準備什么時候買新房子？

She is going to buy a new house in the first week of September.她計劃九月的第一個星期買新房子。

（簡略回答：In the first week of September.）比較

who和when的問句who問句和when問句都是特殊疑問句，但結構不同。who問句用疑問詞who對主語進行提問，所以who就是這個句子的主語，后面不可能再出現主語。when問句是用疑問詞when對句子中的時間狀語提問，所以when后面的句子中一定有主語。主語+will（shall）+動詞原形～.除了用be going to+動詞原形可以表示將來時，我們還可用will（shall）+動詞原形表示將來時，句型如下：

1肯定句：主語+will（shall）+動詞原形～.I will call you this evening.今天晚上我會給你電話。

Some day people will go to the moon.總有一天，人們會到月球上去的。

在書面語中，主語是第一人稱I（We）時，常用shall，即I（We）+shall+動詞原形～.。在口語中，所有的人稱都可以用will。即可以是主語（所有人稱）+will+動詞原形～.。而且從英語的發展趨勢看，很可能用will代替shall。

From now on I'll（=I shall）come for the newspapers every Monday.從現在起，我每周一都來報館工作。It'll snow in Beijing in winter.北京冬天將要下雪。【注意】

主語+will常用縮略式 I will→I'll you will→you'll he will→he'll she will→she'll it will→it'll we will→we'll they will→they'll 2否定句：主語+will（shall）not+動詞原形～.I will not（won't）tell it to him.我不會把這件事告訴他的。

He won't have time to read English.他不會有時間讀英語的。

The birds won't fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.天氣變冷之后，這些鳥也不會飛往南方。【注意】

will not常用它的縮略式won't讀作： 疑問句：Will（Shall）+主語+動詞原形～？ Will he be back in two days？ 兩天后，他會回來嗎？

Yes，he will.（No，he will not.）是的，他會。（不，他不會。）When will Mike arrive here tomorrow？ 邁克明天什么時候到達這里？

He will arrive here at three o'clock.他明天三點鐘到達這兒。Shall we have any class tomorrow？ 明天我們有課嗎？

Yes，we will（we shall）.是的，我們明天有課。No，we won't（we shall not）.不，明天我們沒課。Shall I go home now？ 我現在可以回家了嗎？ Yes，you will.（Sure…）是的，可以回家了。

No，you won't.（I'm sorry.You can't.）不，你不可以回家。【注意】

Shall I…？或Shall we…？常用來征求對方意見。而在問對方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請或命令時，常用Will you…？同時這兩種情況的回答比較靈活。Will you please open the window？ 勞駕，您打開窗戶好嗎？

Yes，I will，（Of course.Sure.）好的。（當然了）。No，I won't.（I'm sorry.I can't.）不，我不能。（真對不起，我不能。）【注意 】

在一般疑問句中的肯定回答，“Yes，I will.”不能用I'll，因為shall和will在句末時不能用縮略式。

How many books will they give us？ 他們會給我們多少本書呢？ They will give us thirty books.他們會給我們三十本書。

? 其他表示將來時的結構：（簡略回答：Thirty books.三十本。）1．用現在進行時表示將來時。

be +現在分詞。表示即將發生的動作或存在的狀態。這個句型中動詞主要是瞬間動詞：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如： Go ahead, and I’m coming.走前面一點吧，我就來。The dog is dying.那條狗要死了。

Hurry up.The shop is closing.快點，商店就要關門了。2．用一般現在時表示。

? 在時間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作。

If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we'll go to the Summer palace.如果明天不下雨，我們去頤和園。

When he gets to the village，he will write to me.他到村里后就寫信給我。

? 表示已經預先計劃或安排的肯定將要發生的動作，比方說，上課、飛機起飛、火車離站等。主要用于come，go，start，begin，leave，return，stop等瞬間動詞。

Don’t hurry.The meeting starts at a quarter past eight.不要匆忙，回憶八點過一刻開始。

The bus goes back at four thirty.汽車四點返回。

Next week they leave for Shanghai.下周他們動身去上海。

Our holidays begin in a week.一周后，我們的假期開始。? be to + 動詞原形。表示一種常規性的活動或注定要做的事情。如：

Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天該誰打掃教室了？

When are you to return your library book? 你什么時候要還圖書？

The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year.這渡橋該在今年年底前完工。

?

be about to + 動詞原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一種時間上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用時間狀語。如：

Don’t leave.Li Lei is about to come.不要走了，李蕾就要來了。

Be quiet.The concert is about to start.安靜下來，音樂演唱會就要開始了。【必背】

和一般將來時連用的時間狀語

tomorrow 明天

the day after tomorrow 后天 soon 很快

this afternoon?今天下午 this evening 今天晚上 this year 今年 before long 不久

next week（month，year，summer）下一周（月、年、夏天）in the（near）future 在（不久的）將來 in two weeks（days…）兩周（天……）后 some day 將來的某一天

3一般將來時的用法區別

在現階段來講，“be going to +動詞原形”和“will(shall)+動詞原形”這兩種表示將來時的結構沒什么區別。但在現代英語中，特別是在口語中，表將來時多用“be going to +動詞原形”這一形式。另外它們的主要區別在于“be going to +動詞原形～”表示一個事先考慮好的意圖，相當于中文的打算、計劃、準備，而will，shall則表示未經事先考慮的意圖。【注意】

但是如果不清楚是否須先考慮還是未考慮的意圖時，二者都可用。There is somebody at the door.I’ll go and open it.門口有人，我去開門。

（I’ll go and open it，去開門顯然是未經事先考慮的意圖，在此，不宜說?I’m going to open it.）

Mike: I’m sorry.I forgot to mail the letter for you.邁克：真對不起，我忘了給你發信了。Tom: Never mind.I’ll mail it tomorrow.湯姆：沒關系。明天我去發了它。

（顯然，湯姆說明天我去發這封信時不能用be going to mail…，因為這不是事先計劃好的。）I won’t(am not going to)tell you my age.我不會（準備）告訴你我的年齡。

He is going to change his job.他打算換工作。（換工作是事先考慮好的意圖，所以用be going to）4過去將來時

過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。

1過去將來時的構成（句型如下：）

肯定句：主語+be（was，were）going to+動詞原形～.否定句：主語+be（was，were）not going to+動詞原形～.疑問句：Be（Was，Were）+主語+going to+動詞原形～？ 肯定句：主語+would（should）+動詞原形～.否定句：主語+would（should）not+動詞原形～.疑問句：Would（Should）+主語+動詞原形～？ 1.過去將來時的構成

和一般將來時一樣，只不過把助動詞be變為過去式，把will，shall變為過去式。I didn't know if he would come.=I didn't know if he was going to come.我不知道他是否會來。

She was sixty-six.In three years，she would be sixty-nine.她66歲了。三年后，她是69歲。

She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.她告訴我們，如果下雨，她就不和我們一起去了。I didn't know how to do it.What would be their ideas？ 我不知如何去做，他們會有什么想法呢？

2.過去將來時常可用來表示過去習慣性的動作。此時，不管什么人稱，一律用would。This door wouldn't open.這扇門老是打不開。

Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.他一有時間，總是看書。

I would play with him when was a child.當我還是孩童時，總是和他一起玩。

【隨堂練習】

1.If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.A.will increase

B.have been increasing C.have increased

D.would be increasing 2．No decision _____ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A.will be made

B.is made C.is being made

D.has been made 3.——Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ——I _____, but I had an expected visitor.had B.would C.was going to D.did 4.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane________.A.takes off

B.is taking off

C.has taken off

D.took off 5.The new secretary is supported to report to the manager as soon as she ______.A.will come B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arrived 6.If city noise _____ from increasing, people _____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept, will have to

B.are not kept, have to C.do not keep, will have to

D.do not keep, have to 7.Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _______ home.A.wrote

B.will write

C.have written

D.write 8.— Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?

— Well, I’m thinking about the salary….A.offer

B.will offer

C.are offered

D.will be offered 9.According to the time-table, the train for Shanghai _____ at 7 o’clock in the evening.A.leaves

B.has left

C.was left

D.will leave 10.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 ____ off at 18:20.A.takes

B.took

C.will be taken

D.has taken 11.Don’t get off the bus until it _____

A.has stopped

B.stopped

C.will stop

D.shall stop

12.I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_____ on it for more than an hour.A.has been working

B.will have worked

C.will have been working

D.had worked

13.— ______ leave at the end of this month.— I don't think you should do that until ______ another job.A.I'm going to;you'd found

B.I'm going to;you've found C.I'll;you'll find

D.I'll;you'd find 14.－How can I apply for an online course? －Just fill out this form and we__________ what we can do for you.A.see

B.are seeing

C.have seen

D.will see 15.-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.-Well, he said he _____here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be 16.As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 17.Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A as;come B was;would come C would be;came D will be;come 18.Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend

解析：

1.if 引導的條件狀語從句用一般現在時表將來，可知主句應該用將來時，答案為A;

2.until引導的時間狀語從句用的是現在完成時，表達將來，可判斷主句應該用將來時，答案為A.解時態題要善于抓住從句或主句中的時態來做出判斷。

比較be going to 與 will：如果主語的意圖事先考慮過，用be going to，否則用will 3.根據劃線部分可知，他原本打算要來的，此題答案為C。

4）B.5）B

6)A

7)D 8)C

9）A

10)A.11）A

12）.A

13）.B 14）D 15)B 16)A 17)C 18)D

第五篇：英語語法——rather_than用法小結

have sth.done，have sb.do , have sb./sth.doing與have sth.to do 四種

句型的區別

一、Have sth.done可表示四種不同的語法意義（1）（主語）請/派別人完成某事。

例：① I had(=got)that door painted last week.上星期我請人把那扇門做了油漆。

② I had(=got)my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我請人補了牙。（2）（主語）完成某事（可能參與）。

例：① they are going to have(=got)some threes planted.他們打算植些樹。

② we must have(=got)the work finished by Tuesday.我們必須在星期二以前完

成此項工作。

（3）（主語）遭受某種不幸的情況。

例：① I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（風）吹掉了。

② I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下車時我的腿子摔斷了。(4)用于否定句中，表示“不允許….”“不讓”。

例：① I won’t have anything said against her.我不會允許有任何反對她的言論。② I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不會讓我的房子變成一個旅館。

二、have sb.do表示四種含意（1）（主語）請/派別人完成某事。可以用“get sb.to do”結構來替換。

例：① I had him repair my bike.（=I got him to repair my bike.）我請他修理自行車。

② Don’t forget to have him come.別忘了叫他來。

（2）表示主語無意識的行為，這時“have”作“有”解。例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them.（3）表示主語“經歷”某事。

例：He had his mother die.他遭喪母。（4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允許”解。

例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允許你說她這樣的話。

三、have sb./sth.doing 表示兩種含意或者說一種含意。（1）在肯定句中常表示“讓某人做某事”，“讓某情況發生”之意，含有動作正在進行之意。

例：① he soon had them all laughing.他很快讓他們都笑了起來。② I have a car waiting for me.我讓一部車在等我。（2）在否定結構中，表示“不能讓”，“不允許”。

例：we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我們不能讓那類事情發生。

四、have sth.to do表示“有某事要完成”，其中不定式作定語，且其有主動與被動二種形式需要區別使用。

（1）如果不定式的動作由主語來完成需其用主動形式。例：① I have some letters to write.我有幾封信要寫。

② He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要養活。（2）如果不定式的動作不是由主語來完成需用其被動形式。例：“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.傭人問道：“你今天有沒有衣服要（我）洗？”

rather than 用法小結

rather than 是一個并列連詞，用法比較復雜，現歸納如下：

1.rather than 與would 連用時，構成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”，表示主觀愿望，即在兩者之中選擇其一。例如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.她寧愿死也不愿失去孩子們。

2.rather than 不與would連用時，表示客觀事實，意為“是……而不是……；與其……不如……”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等。現分述如下：

(1)連接兩個名詞或代詞

He is an explorer rather than a sailor.與其說他是一個海員，不如說他是一個探險者。

You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野營。

注意：rather than 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致。

(2)連接兩個形容詞

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。

(3)連接兩個介詞(短語)或動名詞

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我們是在教室里開會，不是在大廳里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。

(4)連接兩個分句

We should help him rather than he should help us.是我們應該幫助他而不是他應該幫助我們。

(5)連接兩個不定式

I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我決定寫信而不打電話。

注意：rather than 后接不定式時，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首時，則只能接不帶to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.他唯恐蔬菜爛掉，把它們以半價賣掉了。

(6)連接兩個動詞

He ran rather than walked.他是跑來的，而不是走來的。

注意：這里rather than 后用了walked，而沒有用walk，表示客觀事實，而不是主觀愿望。如果換成walk，則作“寧愿……而不愿 ……”解。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“寧愿、寧可、更、最好、還是為好”，后接動詞原形,常省略為’d rather，表示優先選擇的一種方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather沒有人稱和數的變化，所有的人稱一律用would rather。

“would rather+動詞原形”是英語中常見的一個慣用句式，美國英語中多用had rather。would(had)在此決無“過去”之意，它是一個情態助動詞，且無詞性、時態

變化。

例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意聽搖滾音樂。

If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你寧愿獨自呆著，那我們都離開這兒。

He’d rather work in the countryside.她寧可到農村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好呆在家中讀點書。

二、如果在兩者中進行取舍，表示“寧愿……而不愿……，與其……寧可……”的意思時，則可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子們寧愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽車。

請注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以顛倒為：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動詞不定式，若選用的動詞相同，那么than 后的動詞可以省略。

例 I would rather have noodles than rice.我寧愿吃面條也不吃米飯。

He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。

Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.與其在這樣差的條件下工作，他寧愿放棄。

2)使用would rather…than…句型時要注意“平行結構”，即在than 的前后要用兩個同類的詞或詞組，如兩個名詞、兩個不定式、兩個介詞短語等。

例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我寧愿騎自行車也不愿乘公共汽車去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我寧愿和他媽說話而不愿和他爸說話。

三、在疑問句式中，would rather 與would rather…than…中的would要放在主語之前

例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在這里，還是回家？

Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜歡吃蘋果還是香蕉？

Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你寧愿看小說而不愿朗讀詩歌嗎？

四、would rather+從句，是一個常用的虛擬語氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語一般用過去時來表示現在或將來。其意為“寧愿……,還是…… 好些”“一個人寧愿另一個人做某事”。引導從句的that常省略。在談到過去的動作時，謂語則用過去完成時。

例 John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來)

We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我們寧愿他明天付給我們那筆錢。

Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.明天別來。我希望你下周末來。

請注意 1）如果談到過去的動作，也就是表示過去已經發生的事情在選擇上不

恰當。此時，主句一般為I had rather ,其（that）從句則用過去完成時。例 Would rather you had not done that.我真希望你沒有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主語本人而不涉及另一個人，則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結構。

例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他寧可窮也不愿意用不誠實的手段獲取金錢。

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一個部門工作。

五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的區別 would rather和would sooner之間一般沒有區別，但經常接觸到的是would rather。

例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 湯姆寧可讀書而不愿談天。Tom prefers reading to talking．湯姆喜歡讀書而不喜歡談天。

請注意 1）would rather后跟不帶to的不定式+than+不帶 to的不定式，而prefer后跟動名詞+to+動名詞。有時prefer后面也可跟名詞，而在would rather之后要求只帶動詞原形。

例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。

I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜歡打網球而不喜歡打高爾夫球。2）某些 prefer+名詞的情況不能用 would rather完全確切地表達出來：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜歡狗而不喜歡貓。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他寧可養狗而不愿養貓。）很明顯，這兩句的意思并不完全相同。

3）would rather+不帶to的不定式有時可代替 would prefer+帶 to的不定式。

例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我寧愿乘飛機也不愿乘船。

這兩個結構后面帶名詞時情況也一樣：

例 —Would you like some gin？

—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．

—您想喝點杜松子酒嗎？

—我想喝點咖啡。/我想喝點咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。

4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者帶to。

例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我們是乘船去的，可我本想乘飛機去。（我愿意乘飛機去，可我的愿望未能實現。）這和 would like+不定式的完成式有點相似，would like+帶to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能實現的愿望。