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中考冠詞、數(shù)詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)(大全)

時(shí)間:2019-05-13 16:58:58下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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第一篇:中考冠詞、數(shù)詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)(大全)

培優(yōu)中考冠詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)

歌曰:定冠詞用法有規(guī)律,防止遺志很容易。

冠詞是英語(yǔ)中最常見的一種限定詞,它在句子中不能充當(dāng)任何句子成分,所以也不能單獨(dú)使用,特指雙方都熟悉,上文已經(jīng)被提及。只能用在名詞前面,說明所指的人或物。冠詞共有兩種:不定冠詞和定冠詞。不定冠詞有a和an,世上無二僅獨(dú)一,序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)。定冠詞有the。在實(shí)際使用中,還有一種叫零冠詞的,即在名詞的前面不用任何冠詞。

山河海島建筑物,姓氏復(fù)數(shù)奏樂器。

[焦點(diǎn)一]不定冠詞

少數(shù)形表人一類,方位名詞須牢記。1.用法

普構(gòu)專有慣用詞,試用此訣有效率。l)表示數(shù)量有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)。l)特指某人或某物。如________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an

B.The;a C.The;the

D.A;the(2000年青海省)There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A.an B.a

C.the

D.× 2)指雙方都知道的人或事物。如:Where are the new books,Jim? 2)表示某個(gè)人或事物,但不具體說明何人或何物,表示泛指。3)指上文提到過的人或物。如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.3):表示人或事物的某一類。4)用在世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前。如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc.如:Pass me an apple, please. 5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。如:The third one is carrying the fewest of all.4)表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every\per。6)用在山脈、江河、海洋、島等名詞前。如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island, etc.如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week.

5)表示某一個(gè),相當(dāng)于a certain 7)用在某些建筑物名詞前。如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫婦”。如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc.2 不定冠詞a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前面,an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前面。另外,在表9)用在樂器名詞前。如:the piano, the violin, etc.示一個(gè)以輔音音素開頭的字母(如:b,c,d,g,j,k等)時(shí),字母前面用a;在表示一個(gè)以元音10)用在少數(shù)名詞化的形容詞前表示一類人或事物。如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.音素開頭的字母(如:a,e,l,m,n等)時(shí),字母前面用an。例如: 11)用在表示方向位置的名詞前。如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.1)(2002年濟(jì)南市)This is ________ empty bottle.Could you give me ______ full one? 12)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:the People’s Republic of China, etc.A.a;a

B.an;a

C.the;the

D.×;a 13)用在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc.2)(2003年廣西壯族自治區(qū))There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.in the evening 在晚上in the field

在田野里in the country

在鄉(xiāng)間in the sun

在陽(yáng)光下

A.the

B.×

C.a

D.an on the right

在右邊by the way

順便說一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime

白天

3)(2004年廣東省)----Did you do well in ____________ English exam? go to the concert

去聽音樂會(huì) in the beginning

開始

at the moment

當(dāng)時(shí),此刻

----Yes, I got ____________“A”.all the year round

一年到頭go to the cinema

去看電影go to the theatre 去看戲

A.the;an

B.an;the

C.a;×

D.the;a at the weekend

周末 in the afternoon

在下午in the sky

在空中in the dark 在暗處

3.用于某些固定詞組中。例如:half an apple 半個(gè)蘋果 in the rain 在雨中on the left

在左邊all the time

始終in the middle of 在中間

Two hours and a half

half an hour

半個(gè)小時(shí)as a result

因此

for a while

一會(huì)兒

once on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然at the same time 同時(shí)in the end 終于 in a while

偶爾

for a moment 一會(huì)兒

have a word with sb.同某人談話

have a nice trip

on the one hand, on the other hand

一方面,另一方面 旅途愉快

have(/take)a walk

散步

make a face

做鬼臉

in a hurry

匆忙地

do sb.a [焦點(diǎn)三]不用冠詞的幾種情況:零冠詞的基本用法 favor

幫某人忙

take an active part in 積極參加

live a happy life

過幸福生活

歌曰:下列情況不用冠,名詞之前代詞限; give a lesson

教一堂課

once upon a time

從前

專有名詞不可數(shù),球類學(xué)科與三餐;

(2004年福州市)----Where is Xiao Ming?--He’s having __________ rest over there.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,節(jié)日月份星期前;

A.a B.an

C.the

D.×

顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名,稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。a useful book

一件有用的書

a university

一所大學(xué) 1)當(dāng)名詞前已經(jīng)有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、a European country

一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家

a one-eyed man

一個(gè)一目失明的人 名詞所有格等修飾限定時(shí),不加冠詞 an hour

一小時(shí)

an honor 一種榮譽(yù) 如:The letter is in her bag.an honest boy

一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩

an umbrella

一把傘 an uncle

一位叔叔 2)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞等不可數(shù)名詞前。如:China,water,music, etc.

[焦點(diǎn)二]定冠詞主要和名詞連用,表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下:

3)球類活動(dòng)、學(xué)科名詞、一日三餐前。4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指。如:They are workers 5)節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)名稱前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示顏色、語(yǔ)言、稱呼語(yǔ)和官職、頭銜的名詞前。Make her monitor 7)某些固定詞組或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。

如:at night noon , go to school, by bus, at home

在家

on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)in time 按時(shí)at work 在工作on show

在展出in trouble 處于困境 at first 起初at last

終于in fact

事實(shí)上on holiday

在度假on duty

值日 at times

有時(shí)候after class

課后at night

在夜間with pleasure

樂意地 8 某些交通工具名稱前不用冠詞 by train 乘火車(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租車(= in a taxi)by plane 乘飛機(jī)(=on a plane)by bus 乘公交車(=on a bus)by bike 騎自行車(=on a bike)by car 乘小汽車(=in a car)

on foot 步行 定冠不定冠 意思差千萬

有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞,其意義有所不同。如:1)at table在吃飯;

at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上課;

in the class在班級(jí)中 3)go to school去上學(xué);go to the school到那所學(xué)校去 4)go to bed上床睡覺;

go to the bed到床那邊去 5)in front of在…的前面;

in the front of在…的前部.6)take place 發(fā)生,舉行 take one's place

代替某人(的工作)

7)on earth

究竟,到底(用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)on the earth

在地球上

8)four of them

他們當(dāng)中4人(不只4人)he four of them

他們4人(共計(jì)4人)9)next week(month)下周(下個(gè)月)(以現(xiàn)在看將來)

the next week(month)

第二周(下個(gè)月)(在過去某一時(shí)間之后)10)in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里(不一定生病)11)a number of 許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))

the number of ……的數(shù)量(修飾可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))13 兩個(gè)平行、并列的名詞前不用冠詞

例:arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side

肩并肩one by one 一個(gè)接一個(gè)

hand in hand

手拉手

face to face

面對(duì)面

day by day 一天一天的day and night

日日夜夜

中考考點(diǎn)冠詞練習(xí)

舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!

1.-What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be ________ artist when I grow up.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./ 2.-Are you ________ Chinese or American?-Chinese.But I was brought up in New York.A.an

B./

C.the

D.one 3.-Where is Tom?

-He's having ________ rest over there.A.a

B.an

C.the

D.不填

4.Antonia is ________ American girl.She studies in ________ university in Changsha.A.the;a

B.a;a

C.an;a

D.an; an 5.-Have you got ________ E-mail address?-Oh yes.Mine is hfc2008@sohu.com.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

6.-Have you seen ________ magazine? I left it here a moment ago.-Is it________ new English magazine? I saw it was taken away by Bruce.A.a; a

B.a;an

C.a; the

D.the; the 7.We can't see ________sun at ________ night.A.a,/ B.a,the

C.the,/

D.the,the

8.This is ________song I've told you about.Isn't it ________beautiful song? A.the;the B.a; a

C.the; a

D.a; the 9.-Did you enjoy your stay in Guangzhou?

-Yes.We had ________ wonderful time in the White Clouds Hill.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

10.Jim is good at ________ piano.He does well in ________ football,too.A.playing,playing

B.playing,playing the C.playing the,to play

D.playing the,playing

11.There's ________apple tree in front of ________house.A.an,/ B.the,the

C.an,the

D.a,the

12.It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.A.an,a B.a,an

C.an,/

D.a,/ 練習(xí)與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績(jī)!

1.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.2.---Do you like playing _________ football?

---Yes.But I have only _________ basketball.3.Do you know _______girl on ________ other side of ________ lake?

4.There's ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.5.She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.6.His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7.Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?

8.Don't make any noise in ______class.9.He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11.Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night.________ film was about ______ kind doctor.一、數(shù)詞的分類 1.基數(shù)詞

表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下: A.從1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從 11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。C.從 21——99 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí),在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位數(shù)

個(gè)數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數(shù)以上

從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”。從右開始,第一個(gè)“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個(gè)“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個(gè)“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí),不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時(shí),基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大廳里有數(shù)以百計(jì)的人。

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and

Horses every day.

每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡骸?/p>

G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代,用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多歲時(shí)成為了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十來歲時(shí)死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能

基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。

The two happily opened the box.兩個(gè)人高興地打開了盒子。(作主語(yǔ))I need three altogether.我總共需要三個(gè)。(作賓語(yǔ))

Four students are playing volleyball outside.四個(gè)學(xué)生在外面打排球。(作定語(yǔ))We are sixteen.我們是16個(gè)人。(作表語(yǔ))

They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。(作同位語(yǔ))2.序數(shù)詞

表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式: A.從第一至第十九

其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九

整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth

表示第幾十幾時(shí),用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個(gè)位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞

由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一

one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式

有時(shí),序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E.序數(shù)詞的句法功能

序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。

The second is what I really need.第二個(gè)是我真正需要的。(作主語(yǔ))He choose the second.他挑選了第二個(gè)。(作賓語(yǔ))

We are to carry out the first plan.我們將執(zhí)行第一個(gè)計(jì)劃。(作定語(yǔ))She is the second in our class.在我們班她是第二名。(作表語(yǔ))

注:序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí),通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí),則表示“再——”,“又——”。

We'll go over it a second time.我們得再念第二遍。

We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了,還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?

另外,基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可,不需要添加定冠詞。the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)

the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)

二、時(shí)刻表示法

1.表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 讀作 five o'clock 或 five 2.表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時(shí) five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分 half past six 六點(diǎn)半

a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)過一刻 seven past eight 八點(diǎn)過七分

3.表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時(shí) ten to eight 差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)

a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)(十一點(diǎn)四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六點(diǎn)(五點(diǎn)四十分)

在日常生活中,常用下列簡(jiǎn)單方法表示時(shí)間。以小時(shí)、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one 10:26讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five

注:時(shí)刻表上的時(shí)間大多采用24小時(shí)表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。

三、年月表示法

1.世紀(jì)可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示,也可以用定冠詞加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世紀(jì)

the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世紀(jì) the 1900's 二十世紀(jì) the 1600's 十七世紀(jì)

這里,用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀(jì)比這一百位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身多一個(gè)世紀(jì)。2.年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成

in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代

in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世紀(jì)六十年代 In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.在十九世紀(jì)七十年代當(dāng)馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國(guó)的形勢(shì)很重要,便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語(yǔ)。

3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920's 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the mid-1950's 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法

A.年份用基數(shù)詞表示,一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,讀時(shí)可以以hundred為單位,也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來讀。

1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 253 讀作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,使用year時(shí),year放在數(shù)詞之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。

B.月份,在哪個(gè)月用介詞in加第一個(gè)字母大寫的月份詞表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。為了簡(jiǎn)便起見,月份與日期連用時(shí),月份常用縮寫形式表示。縮寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個(gè)字母表示,但September除外。January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月 November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月

注:這里縮寫形式后面加點(diǎn)不能省略,因?yàn)樗潜硎究s寫形式的符號(hào)。C.日期用定冠詞the加序數(shù)詞表示。在哪一天要添加介詞on。National Day is on Oct.1.國(guó)慶節(jié)是十月一日。(讀作 October first)此句也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(讀作March first或 the first of March)

5.表示不具體、不確切的時(shí)間,如世紀(jì)、年代、年份、月份時(shí),用介詞in表示,表示具體確切的某一天用介詞on表示通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是,當(dāng)這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語(yǔ),把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時(shí),介詞in應(yīng)改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞、定語(yǔ)從句等。

On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨,這個(gè)老人孤獨(dú)地死在自己的房子里。

I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.我不愿意在我必須學(xué)習(xí)的晚上被打擾。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.這次事故發(fā)生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning.星期一早晨我們將進(jìn)行一次小測(cè)驗(yàn)。

四、加減乘除表示法

1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等詞表示。2+3=? 可表示為: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five.

If we add two to/and three, we get five.二加三等于五 2.“減”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4Ten minus six is four.

Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four.十減去六等于四 3.“乘”用time(動(dòng)詞)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve.

Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二 4.“除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示

16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4Sixteen divided by four is four.

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。

五、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法

1.分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的。基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時(shí),如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);小于1,名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個(gè)半小時(shí)(讀作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

3.表示“n次方”的說法:指數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,底數(shù)用基數(shù)詞。

10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小數(shù)表示法

1.小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示,以小數(shù)點(diǎn)為界,小數(shù)點(diǎn)左首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,表示整數(shù),數(shù)字合起來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)右首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位,表示小數(shù),數(shù)字分開來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o[ou],整數(shù)部分為零時(shí),可以省略不讀。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三

25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七 l.03 one point o three 一點(diǎn)零三

2.當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù)字值小于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49 ton 零點(diǎn)四九噸 l.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸

七、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法

百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)+percent表示 50% fifty percent

百分之五十 3% three percent

百分之三

0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零點(diǎn)一二

這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent這一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之幾中percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

八、數(shù)量表示法

1.表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、面積等,用基數(shù)詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length,width,height,weight等)表示。

two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長(zhǎng) three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬 This box is 2 kilograms in weight.這個(gè)盒子有兩千克重。

The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墻是12米寬,12米高。2.表示時(shí)間、距離時(shí),使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語(yǔ)。five minutes' walk步行五分鐘(的距離)

It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)是乘車一小時(shí)的路程。或:從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)需要乘車一小時(shí)。

It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠(yuǎn)。3.表示溫度時(shí),用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度用基數(shù)詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏)表示。

thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 攝氏 36度

four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度

Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在華氏三十二度時(shí)結(jié)冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在攝氏一百度時(shí)沸騰。這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時(shí),可以省略。

You are 37℃.(讀作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(攝氏)It's seven degrees below zero.今天是零下七度。(攝氏)

4.由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式,名詞性短語(yǔ)中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。

It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.從圖書館到操場(chǎng)需要走五分鐘。She's a sixteen-year-old girl.她是個(gè)十六歲的女孩。5.表示“比···大(或)幾倍”的說法。

This room is two times bigger than that one.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)(房間)大兩倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年齡比他大兩倍。

第二篇:中考冠詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)

Module 1輔導(dǎo) 中考冠詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)

一、概述

冠詞是一種虛詞,一種輔助性的詞,不可在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,要放在名詞前,幫助說明名詞的含義。

二、冠詞種類

冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an)和定冠詞(the)兩種。

1.定冠詞the,在以輔音音素開頭的詞前讀作[TE],在以元音音素開頭的詞前讀作[Ti],強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)讀作[ Ti:]。例:the table [TE 5teibl]那張桌子

the animal [Ti 5AnimEl]那只動(dòng)物 2.定冠詞the,基本含義是“這個(gè),那個(gè)”,表示特指。

例: the flower 那朵花

the E-mail 那個(gè)電子郵件

3.不定冠詞a和an,基本含義是“

一、一個(gè)”,表示泛指。

例:a flower 一朵花

an E-mail

一個(gè)電子郵件

三、a 和an 的區(qū)別

a用在輔音音素前,包括以前元音[j]、[w]開首的詞前,讀作[E],強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)讀作[ei]。注意,這里講的輔音音素指的是發(fā)音,不是指輔音字母。

an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母),讀作[En],強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)讀作[An]。例:a hotel [hEu5tel]一家旅館

a knife [naif] 一把小刀 a useful tool

[5ju:sful] 一件有用的工具

a university

[7ju:ni5vE:siti] 一所大學(xué) a

European

country

[7juErE5pi(:)En] 一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家 a one-eyed man

['wQn5aid] 一個(gè)一目失明的人

an hour [5auE]

一小時(shí) an ant [Ant] 一只螞蟻 an honour [5CnE] 一種榮譽(yù) an honest boy [5Cnist] 一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩 an umbrella [Qm5brelE] 一把傘 an onion

[5QnjEn] 一個(gè)洋蔥 an eye [ai] 一只眼睛 an ear

[iE] 一只耳朵

an English book [5iN^liF] 一本英語(yǔ)書

an egg

[e^] 一只雞蛋 an apple [5Apl] 一個(gè)蘋果 an island

[5ailEnd] 一座島 an uncle

[5QNkl] 一位叔叔 an old man

[Euld] 一位老人 an elephant [5elifEnt] 一頭大象 a D [di:] 一個(gè)D(B、C、G、J、K、P、Q、T、U、V、W、Y、Z前也用a)an F [ef] 一個(gè)F(A、E、H、I、L、M、N、O、R、S、X前也用an)

四、不定冠詞的用法 表示“一,一個(gè)”,用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前

例:There is a picture on the wall.墻上有一幅圖畫。

He has an apple in his hand.他手里拿著一個(gè)蘋果。提示

a.a(an)雖表示“一個(gè)”,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別;one則強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。

例:I bought a computer.我買了一臺(tái)電腦。(不是收音機(jī)和電視機(jī))I bought one computer.我買了一臺(tái)電腦。(不是兩臺(tái))

Would you like an ice cream? 來一客冰淇淋好嗎?(不是別的食物)She gave one ice cream to them each.她給他們每人一客冰淇淋。(不是兩客)

b.表示數(shù)量對(duì)比時(shí),要用one, 不用a(an)。

比:我有一支紅鉛筆,但是他有三支。I have a red pencil, but she has three.(誤)

I have one red pencil, but she has three.(正)

我只需要一美元,但他給了我兩美元。I only want a dollar, but he has given me two.(誤)

I only want one dollar, but he has given me two.(正)表示一類人或物,指同類中的任何一個(gè),a或an不必翻譯

Even a child can answer this question.就是小孩子也能回答這個(gè)問題。

An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比馬力氣大。

A teacher must be strict with his students.教師必須對(duì)學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求。3 第一次提到某人或某物

第一次提到某人或某物時(shí),用不定冠詞a或an,起介紹作用。例: A girl wants to see you.一位姑娘要見你。

On a cold evening a stranger came to my house.在一個(gè)寒冷的晚上,一個(gè)陌生人來到我的住處。4 表示身份、職業(yè)

不定冠詞用于單數(shù)名詞前表示身份、職業(yè),尤其用在作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞前。

例:She is a high school teacher.Her name is Li Fang.她是一位中學(xué)教師,名叫李芳。

The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.懷特夫婦想要他們的女兒成為音樂家。提示

表示某個(gè)職位在某一時(shí)期內(nèi)只有一人擔(dān)任,或表示某人的頭銜,則不用冠詞。

例:He is captain of the team.他是球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。

Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at English.張飛是他們的班長(zhǎng),英語(yǔ)很棒。用于專有名詞前,表示不認(rèn)識(shí)某人 例:A Zhang called you just now.一位姓張的剛才給你打電話。A Mr.Smith wanted to see you.有位史密斯先生想要見你。不定冠詞用在表示數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間等的計(jì)數(shù)單位的名詞前,表示“每一”

例:We have three meals a day.我們每天吃三頓飯。

They met each other once a month.他們每月會(huì)面一次。

The car moved 100 miles an hour.這輛小汽車以每小時(shí)100英里的速度行駛。

The envelopes are one yuan a dozen.信封一打是一元錢。

Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week.愛米莉每周去看奶奶兩次。用于某些結(jié)構(gòu)中 不定冠詞用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中: 結(jié)構(gòu): such a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 quite a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 rather a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

例:It is such a fine day.多么晴朗的一天。

He is quite an honest man.他是個(gè)非常誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

He is rather a gentleman.他真是一位紳士。提示

名詞前若有形容詞修飾,不定冠詞a(an)可以放在quite, rather前面或后面。

例: It is rather a difficult problem.這是相當(dāng)難的一個(gè)問題。

It is a rather difficult problem.8 用于某慣用短語(yǔ)中 例:have a cold 患感冒 have a rest

休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a fever

發(fā)燒 have a quarrel

吵架 have a toothache

牙痛 have a dance

跳舞 have a talk 談話 go for a walk 散步 take a bath

洗澡 tell a lie

撒謊

wait a moment

等一會(huì)兒 with a light heart

愉快地 with a smile

微笑著 with an effort 努力地 as a result

因此 for a while

一會(huì)兒 once in a while

偶爾 for a moment 一會(huì)兒

have a word with sb.同某人談話 have a try

試一下 have a good time

玩得高興 have a look

看一看 have a headache 頭痛 have a good sleep

好好睡一覺 have a nice trip

旅途愉快 have(/take)a walk

散步 make a face

做鬼臉 in a hurry

匆忙地 do sb.a favour

幫某人忙 take an active part in 積極參加 live a happy life

過幸福生活 give a lesson

教一堂課 at a time

每次 as a whole

作為整體 all of a sudden

突然 once upon a time

從前 in a word

總之 不定冠詞與so, as, too, how等連用時(shí)的位置

如果修飾名詞的形容詞前有so, as, too, how等副詞,不定冠詞一般放在形容詞和名詞之前。結(jié)構(gòu): so as too how +形容詞+ a(an)+名詞

例:He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是像湯姆一樣聰明的孩子。

It is so high a wall that we can't climb it.這堵墻非常高,我們爬不上去。

How beautiful a bird it is!這是一只多漂亮的鳥啊!

It is too wide a rive for me to swim across.這條河太寬,我游不過去。It too difficult a book for beginners.這本書對(duì)初學(xué)者來說太難了。I've never seen so tall a tree.我從沒見過這么市制樹。

=I've never seen such a tall tree.提示

half 常放在不定冠詞前,但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,half也可放在不定冠詞后。例: half an apple 半個(gè)蘋果 a half apple half a day 半天 a half day half an hour

半個(gè)小時(shí) a half hour half a mile

半英里 a half mile

五、定冠詞the 的用法 表示“一,一個(gè)”,用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前

例:There is a picture on the wall.墻上有一幅圖畫。

He has an apple in his hand.他手里拿著一個(gè)蘋果。提示

a.a(an)雖表示“一個(gè)”,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別;one則強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。

例:I bought a computer.我買了一臺(tái)電腦。(不是收音機(jī)和電視機(jī))I bought one computer.我買了一臺(tái)電腦。(不是兩臺(tái))

Would you like an ice cream? 來一客冰淇淋好嗎?(不是別的食物)She gave one ice cream to them each.她給他們每人一客冰淇淋。(不是兩客)

b.表示數(shù)量對(duì)比時(shí),要用one, 不用a(an)。

比:我有一支紅鉛筆,但是他有三支。I have a red pencil, but she has three.(誤)

I have one red pencil, but she has three.(正)

我只需要一美元,但他給了我兩美元。

I only want a dollar, but he has given me two.(誤)

I only want one dollar, but he has given me two.(正)表示一類人或物,指同類中的任何一個(gè),a或an不必翻譯 例

Even a child can answer this question.就是小孩子也能回答這個(gè)問題。

An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比馬力氣大。

A teacher must be strict with his students.教師必須對(duì)學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求。3 第一次提到某人或某物

第一次提到某人或某物時(shí),用不定冠詞a或an,起介紹作用。

例: A girl wants to see you.一位姑娘要見你。

On a cold evening a stranger came to my house.在一個(gè)寒冷的晚上,一個(gè)陌生人來到我的住處。用在表示方向、方位的名詞前 這類詞有: the east東方,the west西方,the south南方,the north北方,the right右邊,the left左邊

例:The birds are flying to the north.這些鳥向北方飛去。

The moon rises in the east and sets in the west.月亮從東方升起,在西方落下。

The wind was blowing from the south.風(fēng)從南方吹來。

She lived to the west of the Summer Palace.她住在頤和園的西邊。

Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right.沿著這條路往前走,在第一個(gè)路口往右拐。He stood at the back of the door.他站在門背后。提示

方位詞成對(duì)使用構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),不用定冠詞。

例:The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east.這條河自西向2000公里長(zhǎng)。

They traveled through the country from south to north.他們自南向北在這個(gè)國(guó)家旅行。6 用在形容詞最高級(jí)前

例:Summer is the hottest season of the year.夏天是一年中最炎熱的季節(jié)。

She is the best person for the job.她是最適合這個(gè)工作的人。

Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。

The car is the most expensive of the four.這部車是四部車中最貴的。7 用在序數(shù)詞等前

定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前,也用在表示序列的next, last等前,還有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的詞前。

例:The first man to land on the moon is an American.第一個(gè)登上月球的人是美國(guó)人。She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain.她是第五個(gè)到達(dá)山頂?shù)娜恕?/p>

This may be the last chance.這可能是最后一次機(jī)會(huì)。

If I miss this train I'll catch the next one.如果趕不上這趟火車,我就趕下一趟。

He is the only person who knows the secret.他是唯一一個(gè)知道這個(gè)秘密的人。

The two coats are of the same colour.這兩件外衣顏色相同。

This is the very book I want.這正是我要的書。(用very表示強(qiáng)調(diào))提示 a 序數(shù)詞表示“又一”時(shí),前面用不定冠詞a(an)例:He bought a second pair of shoes.他又買了一雙鞋。

He asked a question, then a second, then a third…他問了一個(gè)問題,又問了第二個(gè),第三個(gè)……

b 序數(shù)詞用作狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),前面不加定冠詞。

例:George arrived first.喬治第一個(gè)到。

=George was the first person to arrive.Jim and Jack are both second in the match.湯姆和杰克在比賽中并列第二。8 用在單數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或物,強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)類別

例:The orange is a kind of fruit.橘子是一種水果。

The horse is a useful animal.馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物。

The computer is important to us.電腦對(duì)我們來說是重要的。提示

不定冠詞+單數(shù)名詞,不帶冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞也可表示一類人或物。例:A car runs faster than a bus.小汽車比公交車跑得快。Cars run faster than buses.A dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠實(shí)的動(dòng)物。

Dogs are faithful animals.9 用在樂器名詞前,表示演奏 例:She can play the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴。

He plays the violin very well.他小提琴拉得很好。

He played the guitar for the children.他給孩子們彈了吉他。提示

但樂器名詞表示具體的器物,或表示課程時(shí),不加the.例:He bought a piano last month.他上個(gè)月買了一架鋼琴。

She taught piano in the school.她在學(xué)校里教鋼琴。用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群島、山脈的名稱前

例:the Yangtze River 長(zhǎng)江 the Red Sea 紅海 the West Lake 西湖

the Pacific 太平洋 the Himalayas 喜馬拉雅山 the Nile 尼羅河

the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈 the South China Sea 南中國(guó)海

六、提示 例外的情況: Mount Tai 泰山 China Daily 《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》 11 用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前 例:the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城 the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó) the New York Times

《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》 the United States of America

美國(guó) the Red Cross Hospital

紅十字醫(yī)院 the Olympic Games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)

the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火車站

the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó) the North Pole 北極

the People's Daily

《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》 用在某些形容詞前,表示一類人或物或某種抽象概念 例: the old 老年人 the happy

幸福的人 the poor 窮人 the aged

老人 the sick

病人

the impossible

不可能的事 the young 年輕人 the rich 富人 the blind 盲人 the wounded

傷員 the smooth

順事

the beautiful

美,美的東西 The rich should help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。

The good is what people like.人們總是喜歡美好的東西。

The wounded have been sent to the hospital.傷員已經(jīng)被送到醫(yī)院去了。用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人

例:The Greens will more to the country.格林一家要搬到鄉(xiāng)下去。The Wangs came to see us yesterday.王家一家人昨天來看我們。The Browns are very friendly.布朗夫婦都很友好。14 用在表示計(jì)算單位的名詞前,含有“每,每一”的意思

例:Jim is paid by the hour.吉姆的工資按小時(shí)付。

Eggs are sold by the kilogram.雞蛋按千克出售。

This cloth is sold by the yard.這種布按碼出售。

It sells at three dollars the pound.它以每磅三美元出售。

They sell sugar by the pound.他們按磅賣糖。用在前面已提到過的人的身體部位或衣著的名詞前

這種用法是先把整個(gè)對(duì)象說出來,然后再說到那個(gè)對(duì)象的身體的局部或衣著。

結(jié)構(gòu): 動(dòng)詞(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take)

+sb.+介詞(in, on, by, across)+身體部位或衣著

例:She touched him on the shoulder.她碰了碰他的肩。

He took the girl by the hand.他拉著小女孩的手。

He hit her on the nose.他打了她的鼻子。

The stone struck the man in the eye.石頭擊中了那人的眼睛。I caught her by the right hand.我抓住她的右手。

比:她拍了拍那男孩的頭。

She patted the boy on his head.(誤,本結(jié)構(gòu)中身體部位或衣著前不用one's)

She patted the boy on the head.(正)16 用在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前,表示年代,也指人的大約歲數(shù)

例:The war broke out in the forties.那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)發(fā)生在40年代。

He went abroad in the 1980s.他在20世紀(jì)80年代出國(guó)的。

The old man is in the seventies.老人大約七十幾歲。17 用在表示自然現(xiàn)象的名詞前 這類名詞有: the rain 雨,the wind風(fēng), the fog霧,the snow雪, the air空氣, the storm風(fēng)暴,the snowstorm 暴風(fēng)雪

例:Don't stand in the rain.不要站在雨中。

The wind blew down the trees.風(fēng)把樹刮倒了。

The ship sank in the storm.船在風(fēng)暴中沉沒了。

The rain has cleaned the air.下雨凈潔了空氣。

The fog was so thick that we couldn't see the top of the hill.霧很大,我們看不見山頂。提示

a 這類名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí),可用不定冠詞,表示“一場(chǎng),一陣,一種”

例:A cold wind is blowing from the north.冷風(fēng)從北方吹來。

There was a heavy rain last night.昨晚下了一場(chǎng)大雨。

A heavy snow is falling outside.外面正下著大雪。

b

這類名詞表示一般物質(zhì)時(shí),不用冠詞。

例:Rain falls in summer;snow falls in winter.夏天下雨,冬天下雪。Man can't live without air.沒有空氣人不能活。用在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中 例:

in the morning 在上午 in the evening 在晚上 in the field

在田野里 in the country

在鄉(xiāng)間 in the sun

在陽(yáng)光下 in the distance

在遠(yuǎn)處 on the right

在右邊 by the way

順便說一下 in the front of 在前部 in the daytime

白天 go to the concert

去聽音樂會(huì) at(/in)the beginning

開始 at the moment

當(dāng)時(shí),此刻 all the year round

一年到頭 go to the cinema

去看電影 go to the theatre 去看戲 at the weekend

周末 in afternoon

在下午 in the night 在夜里 in the sky

在空中 in the dark 在暗處 in the rain 在雨中 in the shade 在陰涼處 on the left

在左邊 all the time

始終

the in the middle of 在中間 on the way home 回家途中 all the same 依然 on the whole

總之 at the same time 同時(shí) on the plane 在飛機(jī)上 in the year 2008

在2008年 the other day 前幾天 at the bottom of

在……底部 in the end 終于

on the one hand, on the other 一方面,另一方面 提示

下面幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)前不加定冠詞: 例:at dawn 在黎明

hand at night 在晚上 at noon

在正午 at dusk

在黃昏 五,名詞前不用冠詞的情況 1 專有名詞前不用冠詞

專有名詞前不用定冠詞,包括人名、地名、月份、周日、節(jié)日等。例: 月份 January 一月 May

五月

October 十月 周日 Monday 星期一

Friday 星期五 Sunday 星期天

季節(jié) spring 春天 summer

夏天 autumn

秋天 winter

冬天 節(jié)日 Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié)

New Year's Day 元旦 New Year's Eve 除夕 National Day 國(guó)慶節(jié) Teacher's Day 教師節(jié)

人名 Mary 瑪麗 Jones 瓊斯

Mr.Brown 布朗先生 Porfessor Smith

史密斯教授 地名 Asia 亞洲 China 中國(guó) Britain 英國(guó) Beijing 北京 New York 紐約 Shanghai Road

上海路

Tian An Men Square

天安門廣場(chǎng) Spring is coming.春天就要到了。

These birds fly to the south in winter.這些鳥冬天飛往南方。

She came on Friday.她星期五來的。提示

a 如果月份、季節(jié)名詞帶有修飾語(yǔ),表示特定的時(shí)間,要加定冠詞。季節(jié)名詞在上下文中表示特定的一段時(shí)間,要加定冠詞。

例:They built the bridge in the spring of 2003.他們是在2003年的春天修建這座橋的。

The fire broke out on the Friday when they were not at home.失火是在星期五,當(dāng)時(shí)他們不在家。These animals eat nothing all through the winter.這些動(dòng)物整個(gè)冬天都不吃東西。

b 但要說the Spring Festival(春節(jié)),以festival組成的節(jié)日名稱前要加the.例:the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋節(jié)

the Dragon-boat Festival 端午節(jié) 2 物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),不用冠詞 例:Water boils at 100℃.水在攝氏100度沸騰。

Rice is grown in the south.南方種水稻。

They are short of food.他們?nèi)鄙偈澄铩L崾?/p>

a 如果物質(zhì)名詞表示特指或有定語(yǔ)修飾,則要加定冠詞。

比:Snow is falling hard.雪正下得很大。

The snow in the field has melted.田里的雪已經(jīng)融化了。

She likes milk very much.她非常喜歡喝牛奶。The milk in the bottle has gone sour.瓶里的牛奶酸了。

b 物質(zhì)名詞用于表示“一客、一杯、一份、一種、一陣”時(shí),要用不定冠詞。

例:I'd like an ice cream.我要一客冰淇淋。

A tea and two coffees, please.請(qǐng)來一杯茶、兩杯咖啡。

There was a heavy rain this morning.今天早上下了一場(chǎng)大雨。抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),不用冠詞

例:Friendship is more important than money.友誼比金錢更重要。Does he like music? 他喜歡音樂嗎? Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量。Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。提示

a 抽象名詞有定語(yǔ)修飾,表示特指時(shí),要加定冠詞。

例:I like the music of the TV play.我喜歡這部電視劇中的音樂。

b 抽象名詞表示“一種,一類,一次,一番,一例”等概念時(shí),要加不定冠詞。

例:Maths is a science.數(shù)學(xué)是一門科學(xué)。He lives a happy life.他過得幸福的生活。

She has a good knowledge of English.她精通英語(yǔ)。

Let's go for a swim.我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞e had a wash first.他先洗了洗。4 表示一日三餐的名詞前不用冠詞 例:I usually have breakfast at seven.我通常在七點(diǎn)鐘吃早飯。

He doesn't have lunch at home.他通常不在家吃午飯。

Dinner is ready.飯準(zhǔn)備好了。提示

a 三餐名詞前有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí),特指某一餐,要用不定冠詞。例:We had a wonderful lunch.我們吃了一頓很豐盛的午餐。

They had a nice dinner last night.他們昨晚吃了一頓豐盛的飯。

b 表示某一次具體的餐食,要用定冠詞。

例:The lunch was cooked well.那頓午飯做得很好。

Did you enjoy the dinner at his house? 他家的飯你喜歡嗎?

c meal 常同不定冠詞連用,泛指一頓飯。

例:She cooks a hot meal in the evening.晚上她總會(huì)燒一頓熱飯。He had a big meal at his uncle's.他在叔叔家大吃了一頓。表示體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋牌的名詞前不用冠詞

例:He plays football after school.他放學(xué)后踢足球。

The students are playing basketball over there.學(xué)生們?cè)谀沁叴蚧@球。He is good at playing chess.他象棋下得好。

They play cards on Sundays.他們常有星期天打牌。表示學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言的名詞前不用冠詞

例:She teaches English in a middle school.她在一所中學(xué)教英語(yǔ)。Chemistry is not easy to learn.化學(xué)不容易學(xué)。

Can you speak Japanese? 你會(huì)說日語(yǔ)嗎?

We have Chinese and mathematics in the morning.我們上午學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)文和數(shù)學(xué)。表示稱呼語(yǔ)、職位、頭銜的名詞前不用冠詞

例:Where are my shoes, mom? 我的鞋在哪里,媽媽?

Tom, go and fetch some water.湯姆,去弄點(diǎn)水來。

Now children, listen to me carefully.孩子們,請(qǐng)認(rèn)真聽我講。

Mr.Xu teaches us maths.徐老師教我們數(shù)學(xué)。

President Li will come to our class.李校長(zhǎng)將來我們班。

He was once mayor of the city.他曾經(jīng)是這個(gè)市的市長(zhǎng)。

They made him monitor.他們讓他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。

John was captain of the team.約翰是隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。某些交通工具名稱前不用冠詞 by train 乘火車(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租車(= in a taxi)

第三篇:2014年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)專題總復(fù)習(xí)教案冠詞和數(shù)詞

冠詞和數(shù)詞 不定冠詞的用法

冠詞本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語(yǔ)中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞,另一種是不定冠詞,還有一種是零冠詞。

不定冠詞a(an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是“一個(gè)”的意思。a用于輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用于元音音素前,一般讀做[en]。

1)表示“一個(gè)”,意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。例如:

A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2)代表一類人或物。例如:

A knife is a tool for cutting with.刀是切割的工具。

Mr.Smith is an engineer.史密斯先生是工程師。

3)組成詞組或成語(yǔ),如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。定冠詞的用法

定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有“那(這)個(gè)”的意思,但意義較弱,可以和一個(gè)名詞連用,來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。

1)特指雙方都明白的人或物。例如:

Take the medicine.把藥吃了。

2)上文提到過的人或事。例如:

He bought a house.I've been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。

3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物,如the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth等。

4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如the dollar 美元;the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。

5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only,very,same等前面。例如:

Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二層。

That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的東西。

6)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體。例如:

They are the teachers of this school.(指全體教師)

They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)

7)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前。例如:

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前。例如:

the People's Republic of China

中華人民共和國(guó)

the United States

美國(guó)

9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前。例如:

She plays the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴。

10)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人。例如:

the Greens

格林一家人(或格林夫婦)

11)用在慣用語(yǔ)中。例如:

in the day, in the morning(afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky(water,field,country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle(of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 3 零冠詞的用法

1)國(guó)名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,Mary。

2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞。例如:

They are teachers.他們是教師。

3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞。例如:

Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。

4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞。例如:

Man cannot live without water.離開水人就無法生存。

5)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不加冠詞。例如:

We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。

6)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞。例如:

The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。

7)在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前,不加冠詞,如have breakfast,play chess。

8)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí),常省去冠詞。例如:

I can't write without pen or pencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。

9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無冠詞,如by bus,by train。

10)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞,如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個(gè)體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義。例如:

go to hospital

去醫(yī)院看病

go to the hospital

去醫(yī)院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;

a.序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞時(shí)。

b.序數(shù)詞作副詞。例如:He came first in the race.他跑步得了第一。

c.在固定詞組中,如at(the)first, first of all, from first to last等。冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)

1)兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同的人或物。例如:

He raises a black and a white cat.他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。

The black and the white cats are hers.這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。

2)如后一個(gè)形容詞無冠詞,則指一人或一物。例如:

He raises a black and white cat.他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。冠詞位置

1)不定冠詞位置

不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。注意:

a.位于such,what,many,half等形容詞之后。例如:

I have never seen such an animal.我從來沒見過這樣的動(dòng)物。

Many a man is fit for the job.許多人適合這崗位。

b.當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。例如:

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.我從未這么高興過。

So short a time 如此短的時(shí)間

Too long a distance 距離太遠(yuǎn)了

c.quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可,如:rather a cold day/a rather cold day。

d.在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)表語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),不定冠詞放形容詞后。例如:

Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。2)定冠詞位置

定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。例如:

All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。

數(shù)詞

表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)

詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。

一、基數(shù)詞

1)基數(shù)詞一般可寫成如345或three hundred and forty-five。

2)基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但遇下列情況,常用復(fù)數(shù):

a.與of 短語(yǔ)連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連用,如scores of people 指許多人;

b.在一些表示“一排”或“一組”的詞組里。例如:

They arrived in twos and threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡搅恕?/p>

c.表示“幾十歲”。

d.表示“年代”,用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)。

e.在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里,如Three fives is(are)fifteen。

二、序數(shù)詞

序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式如first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st等。

三、數(shù)詞的用法

1)倍數(shù)表示法

a.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj.+ as。例如

I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。

b.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size(amount,length…)of…。例如:

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。

c.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+ than…。例如:

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last

year.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。

d.還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍。例如:

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。

2)分?jǐn)?shù)表示法的構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時(shí),分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

1/3

one-third; 3/37

three and three-sevenths.

第四篇:冠詞及數(shù)詞教學(xué)反思

冠詞及數(shù)詞教學(xué)反思

這節(jié)課的題目是《2014年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)—冠詞數(shù)詞》,課題是“專題語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課型”。以下本人將從教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),課堂組織,重難點(diǎn)突破,教學(xué)效果,存在問題和教學(xué)改進(jìn)措施等方面進(jìn)行反思。一. 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

1.冠詞的分類及用法。

2.數(shù)次的分類及用法(包括分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法)。

這節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)是基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的表達(dá)法,并根據(jù)重難點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了課堂演練-歷年中考英語(yǔ)對(duì)冠詞及數(shù)詞的考核題目,同時(shí)也設(shè)計(jì)了課后作業(yè)。二. 課堂組織 1.Lead-in 2.Presention 3.Practice 4.Homework 5.Self-relfection 6.Blackboard-design 三. 重難點(diǎn)突破

本節(jié)課的重難點(diǎn)是冠詞及基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的表達(dá)法,在課堂組織方面把課堂主動(dòng)權(quán)交給學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生自己會(huì)議舊知并梳理歸納。四. 教學(xué)效果

通過課前安排,學(xué)生基本認(rèn)真探究合作討論,完成課前預(yù)習(xí),對(duì)冠詞和數(shù)詞的基本用法有了一定的了解。但由于時(shí)間緊張,對(duì)一些細(xì)節(jié)問題掌握不到位。五. 成功之處

這節(jié)課課題課型明顯,課堂目標(biāo),重難點(diǎn)明確,提出了中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的一般性方法,系統(tǒng)歸納考點(diǎn),做題訓(xùn)練。課堂組織以學(xué)生為主體,以老師為主導(dǎo)。六.不足之處

時(shí)間倉(cāng)促,做題訓(xùn)練力度不強(qiáng),學(xué)困生學(xué)習(xí)效果令人擔(dān)憂。七.改進(jìn)措施

1.內(nèi)容的設(shè)計(jì)方面可以全面,但是課堂的討論和展示要凸顯重點(diǎn),學(xué)生會(huì)的不必再啰嗦。

2.語(yǔ)法的教授,可以通過一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)一些習(xí)題進(jìn)行;或通過相關(guān)的幾道題目,然后讓學(xué)生整理歸納。以上就是本人從教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),課堂組織,教學(xué)效果改進(jìn)措施等方面所進(jìn)行的反思。

“有效教學(xué)”活動(dòng)教案

及說課材料

馬林芳 2014.4.02

第五篇:八年級(jí)冠詞與數(shù)詞

課題:冠詞和數(shù)詞

課型:一對(duì)一

備課人:

備課時(shí)間:2014.12.4 科目:英語(yǔ)

本備課適合學(xué)生:

八年級(jí)提高 教學(xué)目標(biāo):

1、能聽說讀寫Module9的單詞及短語(yǔ)

2、了解Module9單詞及短語(yǔ)的用法

3、了解冠詞和數(shù)詞的用法及該考點(diǎn)中考中的題型 教學(xué)內(nèi)容:

1、Module9單詞及短語(yǔ)的用法講解

2、Module9弱項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

3、語(yǔ)法講解:冠詞和數(shù)詞用法及考點(diǎn)直擊

4、拓展練習(xí),鞏固知識(shí)點(diǎn) 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn):

1、能熟練運(yùn)用Module9的單詞的短語(yǔ)

2、掌握冠詞和數(shù)詞的用法及其中考考題類型 教學(xué)策略與方法: 課題

一、知識(shí)回顧 Module 9 1.prepare for =get ready for 為?..做準(zhǔn)備 2.be in the right place to do sth.剛好在做某事

3.too much + 不可數(shù)名詞

太多 too many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) much too+adj.太...much too heavy 太重

4.growing population= increasing population 正在增長(zhǎng)的人口

5.one fifth of 五分之一

two fifths of 五分之二

5.hang on a minute=wait a minute =wait a moment

等一下

6.make notes=take notes 做筆記

7.It is clear that +句子

很清楚、很明顯 8.an eight-year-old girl 一個(gè)8歲大的女孩 an eighteen-year-old girl 一個(gè)18歲的女孩 an eleven-year –old boy 一個(gè)11歲的男孩 9.danger(n.)in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中 dangerous(adj.)safe

10.be excited to do sth.興奮去做某事 11.make lethave sb.do sth.使、讓某人做某事 make sb.adj.12.have no place to live in沒有地方可住 13.look for尋找(過程)find找到(結(jié)果)

find out查清(通過研究找出結(jié)果)14.be surprisedinterestedexcited to do sth.15.驚奇的有興趣的興奮的去做某事 16.less and less 越來越少

+不可數(shù)名詞

fewer and fewer越來越少

+可數(shù)名詞

more and more越來越多

+可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞 17.make a plan定一個(gè)計(jì)劃

18.adj.enough to do sth.足夠?..去做某事 19.go back=return返回

20.such as沒有逗號(hào),后面一般加n.或者短語(yǔ) for example一般有逗號(hào),后面一般加句子 21.solve a problem 解決問題 22.not?any more 不再?..23.close down(永久)關(guān)閉;關(guān)停 弱項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

一、根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成句子(每小題1分,滿分5分)46.The i

population is a big problem in the world.47.—What are you doing?

—I am making n

for a report.48.There are two stones in the new park.One is so h

, and the other is so small.49.The government has built many f

in my hometown for people to live in.50.Lingling studied in the l

__

school in her village two years ago.二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(每小題1分,滿分5分)51.In the future, there

____

(not be)many schools.52.It usually takes me half an hour

_____

(walk)to school.53.The government should pay much attention to the

____

(increase)population.54.I think Beijing is one of the

_______

(beautiful)places in the world.55.No one

____(know)when he will be back.三、完形填空(每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

It seems that the cities in the future will have to change.Because the world’s population

, there will be

people in the cities tomorrow.It may be

for any family to live in a house with land around it.There

enough space for them.25

to solve this problem may be the skyscraper city(摩天城).The highest building in the world today is in the United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長(zhǎng)國(guó)).It’s about 828 meters high.The skyscraper cities in the future will be many times

.About 250,000 people will live in a skyscraper city.Nearly a million people can in four of these great buildings.Each skyscraper city will have four towns in it and each town will have ten villages.They will live, work and

their free time in them.They won’t need to leave the city

they want to.They will be able to move about in the city by transport controlled

computers.Let’s imagine how the life will be then!()21.A.has grown

B.is growing

C.are growing D.have grown()22.A.many

B.much

C.more

D.larger()23.A.impossible

B.possible

C.important

D.necessary()24.A.aren’t

B.won’t be

C.won’t have D.haven’t()25.A.A way

B.A road

C.An answer D.An idea()26.A.lower

B.shorter

C.stronger

D.higher()27.A.live

B.study

C.work

D.be()28.A.spend

B.cost

C.pay

D.take()29.A.until

B.when

C.while

D.unless()30.A.by

B.at

C.with

D.in

二、知識(shí)傳授

冠詞和數(shù)詞 【考點(diǎn)直擊】

1.不定冠詞a與an的用法 2.定冠詞the的用法 3.“零”冠詞

4.基數(shù)詞的用法 5.序數(shù)詞的用法 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 一.冠詞的用法

冠詞是虛詞,放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。A(an)叫不定冠詞,the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前,an用在元音之前。1.不定冠詞的用法

(1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如: John is a student.Mary is an English teacher.(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如: A steel worker makes steel.Pass me an apple, please.(3)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或和物。例如: A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(4)表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every。例如: Take the medicine three times a day.They go to see their parents once a week.(5)用于序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”。

I have read the books twice, but I want to read a third time.I don’t have enough money, I need another ten hundred to buy the computer.2.定冠詞用法

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:

The book on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China.(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:

Open the door, please.Jack is in the library.(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如:

Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。例如:

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.January is the first month of the year.(6)用在某些形容詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:

The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。例如:

the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。

(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫婦”。例如:

the Browns, the whites等。

(9)用在方位名詞前 或習(xí)慣用法

in the south / on the right / in the day / in the end

(10)用在山脈、江河、海洋、島等名詞前。

如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea, the Taiwan Island, etc.(11)用在某些建筑物名詞前。

如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People 3.不用冠詞的情況

(1)某些專有名詞(國(guó)名,城市名,人名, 路名),抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如:

China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。

(2)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時(shí),不用冠詞。例如:

That is my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí),不用冠詞。They are workers.We are students.(4)稱呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞,表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如: I don’t feel well today, Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5)三餐飯的名稱前,棋類, 球類活動(dòng),學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前,常不用冠詞。例如: I have lunch at home.He often plays football and chess after class.We have English and maths every day.(6)節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)名稱前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 但中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前一般加“the” The Mid-Autumn Day 中秋節(jié)

The Spring Festival 春節(jié)

(7)在某些固定詞組里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如:

By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school/university, on foot, from morning till night 等。定冠不定冠 意思差千萬

有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞,其意義有所不同。如: 1)at table在吃飯;

at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上課;

in the class在班級(jí)中 3)go to school去上學(xué);go to the school到那所學(xué)校去 4)go to bed上床睡覺;

go to the bed到床那邊去 5)in front of在?的前面;

in the front of在?的前部.二.數(shù)詞的用法

數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目,序數(shù)詞表示順序。1.基數(shù)詞的用法

(1)基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ),例如:

Thirty of them are Party members.(主語(yǔ))

---How many would you like?

---Three,please.(作賓語(yǔ))

The nine boys are from Tianjing.(定語(yǔ))

Six plus four is ten.(表語(yǔ))

We four will go with you.(同位語(yǔ))

(2)表示一個(gè)具體數(shù)字時(shí),hundred, thousand, million一律不用復(fù)數(shù);在表示一個(gè)不確定數(shù)字時(shí)則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless.Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.They arrived in twos and threes.

(3)表示“??十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代,例如:

He is in his early thirties.

He died still in his forties.

This took place in 1930s.(4)表示時(shí)刻用基數(shù)詞。例如: We get up at six.The workers begin work at eight.表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”,用介詞past,但須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)。例如: ten past ten,a quarter past nine, half past twelve

表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”用介詞to, 但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以上。例如: twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten

表示“幾點(diǎn)幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如: seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty

2.序數(shù)詞的用法

(1)序數(shù)詞主要用作定語(yǔ),前面要加定冠詞,例如:

The first truck is carrying a foot baskets.

John lives on the fifteenth floor.

(2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”,“又一”這樣的意思,例如:

We'll have to do it a second time.

Shall I ask him a third time?

When I sat down,a fourth man rose to speak.

(3)由幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時(shí)不對(duì)應(yīng),很容易寫錯(cuò),應(yīng)特別注意。它們是:

one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。(4)表示年,月,日時(shí),年用基數(shù)詞表示,日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如: 1949年十月一日讀作: October(the)first, nineteen sixty 2004年九月十日讀作:September(the)tenth, two thousand and four(5)表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),分子用基數(shù)詞表示,分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí),分母加-s。例如:

three fourths,one second,two fifths(6)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)用縮寫形式:

first→1st second→2nd

third→3rd fourth→4th

twenty-second→22nd

三、知識(shí)拓展 冠詞和數(shù)詞練習(xí)

一、單項(xiàng)選擇。

1.(2007年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Guangdong Sports Games was held in Foshan last November.A.The twelve

B.Twelfth

C.The twelfth 2.(2007年廣東省佛山市中考題)Do you like a blue bike for your birthday?-----But I prefer

green one.A.the

B./

C.a 3.(2008年廣東省佛山市中考題)

When you make a mistake, don't always make _______ excuse for yourself.A.an

B.the

C./ 4.(2008年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Guangdong Sports Games was held in Foshan last November.A.The twelve

B.Twelfth

C.The twelfth 5.(2009年廣東省佛山市中考題)

After Lucy and Lily, Tony is now

student to win the game in our class.A.the third

B.a third

C.the second 6.(2009年廣東省佛山市中考題)

―Do you like the song You and Me?

一Yes, very much.I've never heard

.A.a better one

B.a good one

C.the best one 7.(2010年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Lao She was a very famous writer and even

young like his works.A.the

B./

C.a 8.(2011年廣東省佛山市中考題)

In LA Lingling lived with

Smiths and got on well with the host family.A.a

B.the

C./ 9.(2011年廣東省佛山市中考題)

To many foreigners, Guangzhou has become their

hometown.A.two

B.second

C.the second 10.(2012年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Was maths exam which we took yesterday difficult?

A.a B.the C.an 11.(2012年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Three students ran faster than Lily in the race.Lily was

.A.the fourth

B.four

C.the third 12.(2013年廣東省佛山市中考題)

______ 2013 Guangzhou Reading Month was started on Mar.30th.A.A

B.An

C.The 13.(2013年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Wang Yaping will become China’s ______ woman astronaut into space after Liu Yang.A.two

B.second

C.the second 14.(2014年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Thank you for

invitation.I’m looking forward to that party.A.a

B.an

C.the 15.(2014年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Batman and spiderman are

of the most famous American cartoons.A.two

B.second

C.the second 二.句子改錯(cuò):下面各句A, B, C, D中有一處錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)指出并改正。1.May is

a

fifth month of the year.()

A

B

C

D 2.The film has been on for half a hour.()

A

B

C

D 3.The boys and the girls often play the foot ball in

the afternoon.()

A

B

C

D 4.It looks rain.Why not take a umbrella with you?()

A

B

C

D 5.Li Mei often gives us some good information by the e-meil.()

A

B

C

D

6.We’ve planted two hundreds trees in the centre of our city this year.()

A

B

C

D 7.Five million

of dollars is a lot of money.()

A

B

C

D 8.There are thousand of

children in the park now.()

A

B

C

D 9.By the end of twenty century, the world population had passed six billion.()

A

B

C

D 10.Over three fifth of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.()

A

B

C

D

四、知識(shí)小結(jié)

本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)了Module9重要的單詞和短語(yǔ),對(duì)Module9的弱項(xiàng)知識(shí)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,讓學(xué)生掌握做題技巧,鞏固學(xué)生的弱項(xiàng)知識(shí)點(diǎn),并講解單元語(yǔ)法冠詞和數(shù)詞,了解其用法及考點(diǎn),為中考考此類型的題奠定基礎(chǔ)。

五、布置作業(yè) 模塊綜合檢測(cè)(九)Module 9(45分鐘

100分)第Ⅰ卷(共40分)Ⅰ.聽力(10分)(Ⅰ)錄音中有五段對(duì)話,聽一遍后,選擇最佳答案。(5分)1.Which country has the larger population? A.China.B.India.C.Canada.2.Does the man think the world’s population will stop increasing? A.Yes,he does.B.No,he doesn’t.C.I don’t know.3.What does the man think is the biggest problem in the world today? A.Too much traffic.B.Poor education.C.Population growth.4.Does the man know what will happen? A.Yes.B.No.C.We don’t know.5.Why can’t they watch TV? A.Because they are too close to the TV.B.Because the man doesn’t like watching TV.C.Because there is no TV show at that time.(Ⅱ)錄音中有一篇短文,聽兩遍后,選擇最佳答案。(5分)6.China has a population of about______.A.1.37 million

B.13.7 billion C.1.37 billion 7.Half of the people in China live______.A.in the countryside

B.in the island C.out of the country 8.______the families can offer their children a good education.A.All

B.None of

C.Not all 9.______problem is still very serious in China according to the letter.A.Less developed education B.Comfortable life C.The large population 10.Maria wants to know______of Dick’s country.A.the population

B.the life C.the education Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)選擇(10分)1.(2012·涼山中考)This is______interesting movie and it’s also______most interesting one I’ve ever seen.A.an;a

B.an;the

C.a;the 2.______trees will be planted on that mountain next spring.A.Thousands of

B.Two thousands C.Two thousand of

D.Thousand of 3.Many countries are making laws to______pollution.A.protect

B.fight

C.save

D.try 4.There______many changes in my home town in ten years’time.A.will have

B.will has C.will be

D.is having 5.To live a green life,we should try to save______energy and produce______ pollution.A.more;less

B.less;more C.more;fewer

D.most;least 6.Mo Yan is one of the______writers in China.A.largest

B.greatest

C.biggest

D.hugest 7.She is a quiet girl,so she doesn’t like too______people or too______noise.A.many;many

B.much;much C.many;much

D.much;many 8.Business is too bad.They will have to______soon.A.pick up

B.close to C.pay for

D.close down 9.—Can you finish the work in an hour? —______.A.Good idea

B.That’s all right C.No problem

D.I don’t believe it

10.______the population of China by the year 2060? A.How many will be

B.How much will be C.What will be

D.What will Ⅲ.完形填空(10分)

What is the population of China?There are more than 1.37 billion people in China.It is__1__one fifth of the world’s population.How to control the population growth is a big problem.Some people think it’s__2__to control the population growth.But I don’t quite agree__3__them because where there is a will,there is a way.The question is how we could__4__it known to everyone how serious the population problems are.Our farmland is becoming less and less to everyone.We have already got too many mouths to feed.__5__we control the population growth,many people will die__6__hunger.Too fast population growth will be bad for our nation.Though laws have been passed to control the population growth,in some places__7__is done to carry out(貫徹)the laws.We should make people__8__that it is foolish of them to give birth to too many children.They should no longer do what they have been doing for many years.We are fighting__9__too fast population growth.Yet the fighting won’t end__10__everyone knows its importance and does something for it.1.A.most B.almost

C.highly

D.hardly 2.A.possible

B.necessary C.impossible

D.unnecessary 3.A.to

B.for

C.with

D.on 4.A.let

B.make

C.ask

D.bring 5.A.If not

B.Unless

C.Until

D.If 6.A.of

B.about

C.in

D.out of 7.A.many

B.little

C.a lot

D.much 8.A.to know

B.to learn C.know

D.learning 9.A.for

B.against

C.to

D.about 10.A.until

B.after

C.when

D.as Ⅳ.任務(wù)型閱讀(10分)Most new people were born in developing countries.These countries are found in much of Africa,South America and some parts of Asia.In the developed countries of Europe and North America,the population is growing very slowly.This is because women in these countries have,on average(平均),only one or two children.In the developing countries,many women have five or more children.In 1950,around__________①(百分之二十五)of the world’s population lived in the developed countries.By 2050,these countries will be home to only around one tenth of the world’s population.②In the developing countries,more than one billion people are still living below the poverty(貧困)line.These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing.Children get little time at school and people suffer(遭受痛苦)from many kinds of diseases.③At the beginning of the 21st century,the world’s population was around six billion.The U.N.has said that the world’s population will level off(平穩(wěn)下降)at 12.5 billion by the year 2100.Other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow,reaching 14 billion before it becomes stable(穩(wěn)定的),or even falls.閱讀短文,完成下列任務(wù)。

1.In what areas of the world can developing countries be found? __________________________________________________________________ 2.將①處的漢語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)。

__________________________________________________________________ 3.將句②翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。

__________________________________________________________________ 4.寫出句③的同義句。

At the beginning of the 21st century,the world______ ______ ______ ______about six billion.5.There will be twelve and a half billion people on the earth in 2100,won’t there? __________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷(共60分)Ⅴ.詞匯運(yùn)用(10分)(Ⅰ)根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成單詞。(5分)1.It’s hard for us to s________the problem.2.The factory has produced a lot of r______,so the environment is very dirty around it.3.Many p______are playing basketball with their PE teacher on the playground now.4.A b______is one thousand million.5.It’s q________and dark in the midnight there.(Ⅱ)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(5分)6.Which city has the______(large)population,Shanghai,Beijing or Qingdao? 7.Two______(five)of the students are girls in Class 6,Grade 8.8.Countryside’s population______(not grow)so fast in the future.9.Look!She______(make)notes.10.The government needs______(build)more homes.Ⅵ.完成句子(10分)1.——你好,我是凱羅爾,請(qǐng)瑪麗接電話好嗎? ——請(qǐng)稍等,她馬上來。

—Hello,this is Carol.May I______ ______Mary? —Please______ ______.She is coming at once.2.我家在公園附近。

My home______ ______ ______the park.3.去年帕克威爾的人口是多少呢? ______ ______the population______Parkville last year? 4.我們搬到了一所有2 000名學(xué)生的學(xué)校。We______ ______a school______2,000 students.5.噪音污染對(duì)我們的聽力是有害的。______ ______is bad for our hearing.Ⅶ.短文填空(10分)enough,health,live in,stand room,thousand, slow,grow,ever before,earth,population Ten thousand years ago,the world’s__1__was very small.For several__2__years it grew quite__3__.But during the last three or four hundred years it__4__very quickly.Today,it is still growing faster than__5__.In 600 years,there will be only__6__on the earth.Each person will have one half to one square metre of space__7__.This means we must grow more food,and have smaller families with fewer,but__8__children.If we don’t do these things,the results will be bad.There will not be__9__space even to stand in on the__10__.1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______ 6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______ Ⅷ.書面表達(dá)(30分)

結(jié)合本模塊所學(xué)知識(shí),從自己的切身感受出發(fā),以“Problems Caused by the Increasing Population”為題,寫一篇有關(guān)人口增長(zhǎng)引發(fā)的問題的短文。要求:80個(gè)詞左右。短文開頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Problems Caused by the Increasing Population Nowadays,the population of the world is becoming larger and larger.With the increase of the population of the world, ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案解析

Ⅰ.【聽力材料】

(Ⅰ)1.W:What about the population of India? M:It’s just smaller than that of China.2.W:What will the population of the world be? M:It will increase,I think.3.W:What’s the biggest problem the world faces today? M:Some say it’s too much traffic.Others say it’s poor education.I think it’s population growth.4.W:Can you guess what’s the next for the competition? M:Sorry.I have no idea.5.W:How about watching TV with me,Tony? M:Oh,no.Television closes down for the night after eleven o’clock.答案:1~5.ABCBC(Ⅱ)Dear Dick, How time flies!I have been back to school for two weeks.These days,I have known a lot about the population of China.China has a population of about 1.37 billion.It has reached about one fifth of the world’s population.About 50 percent of the people live in the countryside.It causes many difficulties.In less developed areas,some parents prefer boys to girls.Not all the families can offer their children a good education.Some children can’t go to school.China has tried to control the population.The large population problem is still serious in China though we have had a more comfortable life.How about the population of your country?Can you tell me about it? Yours, Maria 答案:6~10.CACCA Ⅱ.1.【解析】選B。本題考查冠詞的用法。a用在以輔音(指輔音音素)開頭的詞前,an用在以元音(指元音音素)開頭的詞前。故interesting前用an,最高級(jí)前要加the。故選B。

2.【解析】選A。本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。thousand“千”,thousands of意為“成千上萬的”;當(dāng)thousand前有數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),thousand只能用單數(shù)形式,也不可以和of連用。故選A。3.【解析】選B。本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。protect“保護(hù)”,fight“與??斗爭(zhēng)”,save“節(jié)省”,try“嘗試”。句意:許多國(guó)家正在制定法律抗擊污染。故選B。

4.【解析】選C。本題考查固定句式。句意:十年后,我的家鄉(xiāng)將會(huì)有很多變化。there be結(jié)構(gòu)的將來時(shí),可用there will+be+...來表示,故選C。

5.【解析】選A。本題考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意“為了綠色生活,我們應(yīng)該節(jié)省更多的能源和產(chǎn)生更少的污染。”可知選A。6.【解析】選B。本題考查形容詞辨析。句意:莫言是中國(guó)最偉大的作家之一。四個(gè)詞都有“大的”意思,但是great指“偉大的”,帶有一定的感情色彩,故選B。

7.【解析】選C。本題考查形容詞辨析。many修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。people“人;人們”表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用many來修飾;noise是不可數(shù)名詞,用much修飾。故選C。8.【解析】選D。本題考查固定短語(yǔ)。pick up“撿起”;close to“在??附近”;pay for“支付”;close down“關(guān)閉”。句意:生意太壞了,他們將不得不歇業(yè)。故選D。

9.【解析】選C。本題考查情景交際。句意:——你能在一小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎?——沒問題。Good idea“好主意”;That’s all right“沒關(guān)系”;No problem“沒問題”;I don’t believe it“我不相信”。故選C。

10.【解析】選C。本題考查固定句型。對(duì)人口數(shù)量提問的句型為:What’s the population of...?時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是by the year 2060,所以該句使用一般將來時(shí)。故選C。

Ⅲ.1.【解析】選B。本題考查詞義辨析。句意:那幾乎是世界人口的五分之一。most“大部分”;almost“幾乎”;highly“非常,很”;hardly“幾乎不”。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【解析】選C。本題考查語(yǔ)境理解。由下文“我不同意他們的觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)椤兄菊呤戮钩伞笨芍@句話的意思為“一些人認(rèn)為控制人口增長(zhǎng)是不可能的”。possible“可能的”;necessary“必要的”;impossible“不可能的”;unnecessary“不必要的”。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【解析】選C。本題考查固定搭配。agree with sb.“同意某人的觀點(diǎn)”,固定短語(yǔ)。故選C。4.【解析】選B。本題考查詞義辨析。“使某事被做”make sth.done,其他三個(gè)動(dòng)詞無此用法。故選B。

5.【解析】選B。本題考查連詞。句意:除非我們控制人口增長(zhǎng)??。if not“如果不”,可以單獨(dú)使用,后面不接從句;unless“除非”;until“直到”;if“如果”。故選B。6.【解析】選A。本題考查固定搭配。die of“死于”,故選A。

7.【解析】選B。本題考查詞義辨析。句意:雖然頒布了許多控制人口的法律,但是在有些地方,幾乎沒做什么來貫徹法律。many/a lot/much“許多”,little“幾乎沒有”。故選B。8.【解析】選C。本題考查固定搭配。make sb.do sth.“讓某人做某事”。故選C。

9.【解析】選B。本題考查固定搭配。fight against“與??作斗爭(zhēng)”,固定搭配。故選B。10.【解析】選A。本題考查固定搭配。not...until“直到??才”,固定句型。故選A。Ⅳ.答案:1.In much of Africa,South America and some parts of Asia.2.twenty-five percent 3.在發(fā)展中國(guó)家,超過10億的人仍然生活在貧困線以下。4.had a population of 5.Yes,there will.Ⅴ.答案:1.solve 2.rubbish 3.pupils 4.billion 5.quiet 6.largest 7.fifths 8.won’t grow 9.is making 10.to build Ⅵ.答案:1.speak to;hang on 2.is close to 3.What was;of 4.moved to;with 5.Noise pollution Ⅶ.答案:1.population 2.thousand 3.slowly 4.grew 5.ever before 6.standing room 7.to live in 8.healthier 9.enough 10.earth Ⅷ.【參考范文】

Problems Caused by the Increasing Population Nowadays,the population of the world is becoming larger and larger.With the increase of the population of the world,there are more and more problems.First,there is less and less food for everyone to eat.So some people in poor areas will even die of hunger.Second,the cities become bigger and bigger,and more and more people have their own cars.This causes much more air pollution and noise pollution.Third,there is less and less energy for people to use.So we should try our best to control the increase of the population.Then we will have a happier life.

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