第一篇:英語中幾個特殊數(shù)詞的用法小結(jié)
英語中幾個特殊數(shù)詞的用法小結(jié)
石廣銀
湖南懷化廣播電視大學(xué) 湖南 懷化 418000 【摘 要】英語的數(shù)詞除基數(shù)詞外,還有dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion, trillion七個。它們除了表達(dá)基本的數(shù)目和順序外,還有一些特殊用法,涉及到用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù),與不與介詞連用,與不與定冠詞the連用等,本文對它們的用法作七點(diǎn)分析總結(jié)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】特殊數(shù)詞、用法、總結(jié)
英語的數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞one至 nineteen, 以及twenty至ninety組成,共二十七個。除了這二十七個基數(shù)詞外,還有七個表示整數(shù)的特殊數(shù)詞,它們分別是dozen(十二),score(二十), hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百萬), billion(【美國、法國】十億 ,【英國、德國】萬億), trillion(【英】百萬兆,一百萬的三次冪,【美】萬億,兆,一千的四次冪)。稱這七個數(shù)詞為特殊數(shù)詞,是因?yàn)樗鼈兂吮磉_(dá)基本的數(shù)目和順序外,還有一些特殊用法,涉及到用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù),與不與介詞連用,與不與定冠詞the連用等,本文對它們的用法作七點(diǎn)分析總結(jié)。這七個詞中,billion和trillion用法與其它五個詞相同,但很少用,故本文不為它們舉例。
1.當(dāng)它們表示具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)量、修飾名詞時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)(但名詞要用復(fù)數(shù),且可以承前文省略),也不和定冠詞the及介詞of連用,基本句型為:數(shù)詞+特殊數(shù)詞單數(shù)(+描繪性形容詞)+名詞。如:
He had come half a dozen times to call upon his sister.他來看望他姐姐已有六七次了。
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.(亞伯拉罕·林肯,葛底斯堡演講)八十七年前,我們的先輩在這個大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個新的國家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生來平等的原則。I can give you a hundred reasons for not going.我可以給你列出一百條不去的理由。
About three million workers were on strike.大約有三百萬工人參加了罷工。
He was prepared to pay two million(dollars).他愿意支付200萬(美元)。
2.當(dāng)它們不表示具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)量,而是形容很多時(shí),需用復(fù)數(shù),且要與介詞of連用,有時(shí)還與另一個或幾個特殊數(shù)詞重疊,以加強(qiáng)語氣,被修飾的名詞不與定冠詞the連用,基本句型為:特殊數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)(+另一個或幾個特殊數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù))+of+名詞。如:
He planned to buy dozens of reference books.他計(jì)劃買幾十本參考書。I've seen this phenomenon hundreds of times.這種現(xiàn)象我看見了好幾百次。
The sun was shining.Thousands of people were lying on the beach.陽光燦爛,數(shù)以千計(jì)的人躺在海灘上。
She won the lawsuit and received millions of dollars in compensation.她贏了這個官司,獲得了幾百萬美元的賠償。
The city subways carry hundreds of thousands of passengers a day.市內(nèi)的地下鐵每天運(yùn)載數(shù)十萬乘客。
Hundreds of millions of people across the world held their breath.Each one was anxiously watching a tiny robot on their TV screen.全世界數(shù)億人都屏住呼吸,焦急地注視著電視屏幕里的微型機(jī)器人。
這些不具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)量前還可以加上a few, some, several,many等不具體、確定的形容詞。如:
several dozens of port wine 數(shù)十瓶葡萄酒 some scores of volunteers 幾十名志愿者 some thousands of books 幾千本書
Several hundreds of people gathered in front of the hall,waiting for the president to meet them.好幾百人聚集在大廳里等候總統(tǒng)的接見。
Why some millions of Californians choose not to prepare for disaster?數(shù)百萬加州人為什么選擇不作防災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備?
3.當(dāng)它們表示某個整體中的部分?jǐn)?shù)字時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù),且后面緊跟of+the或these, those,my, our等限定詞引導(dǎo)的該整體,基本句型為:數(shù)詞+特殊數(shù)詞單數(shù)+of+the/these/those, etc.+(描繪性形容詞+)名詞。如:
I want three dozen of these eggs.這些雞蛋我要三打。(這些雞蛋不止三打)
About three hundred of the students in our school will graduate this summer.我校學(xué)生約有300人將于今年夏季畢業(yè)。(我校學(xué)生不止300)
Half a thousand of our employees are college graduates.我廠的員工有五百都是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。(五百員工是我廠員工中的一部分)
Many millions of Indian women are married against their wills.數(shù)百萬印度女性被違心嫁人。(數(shù)百萬是印度婦女中的少數(shù))
4.dozen,score,hundred等還常與by,偶爾也與in等介詞連用,構(gòu)成固定短語,表示以某數(shù)為批量,用特殊數(shù)詞單數(shù),若是形容很多,特殊數(shù)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
We buy tea by the pound, cloth by the yard and eggs by the dozen.我們買茶葉以磅計(jì), 買布以碼計(jì),買蛋以打計(jì)。
The shop sells 2B pencils by the long dozen.這家商店的2B鉛筆賣一打送一支。
We were monthly losing ships, including valuable tankers, by the score.我們每月?lián)p失的船只, 包括昂貴的油船,以數(shù)十計(jì)。
The allied warplanes bombed the country by the hundred.盟軍數(shù)以百計(jì)的飛機(jī)轟炸了那個國家。
The ants arrived at the picnic by the hundreds.成群的螞蟻來到野餐的地方。
Our candidate will rake in votes by the thousand.我們的候選人將會得到上千張選票。
Books are being scanned into digital form by the thousands.成千上 3 萬冊圖書正在被掃描成數(shù)字格式。
They came in thousands.他們成千上萬地涌來。
5.有時(shí)在上下文意思很明顯的情況下,這些特殊數(shù)詞可直接代替它們所修飾的名詞,這時(shí)它們都要用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Of the apples we bought yesterday, more than three dozens were rotten.在我們昨天買的蘋果里,有二十多個都爛掉了。(three dozens=three dozens of the apples)
The US embassy slammed the ‘horrific’ Nigerian massacre where hundreds were killed.美國大使館強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)造成數(shù)百人死亡的尼日尼亞大屠殺。(hundreds=hundreds of people)
The government has decided to invest eight hundred millions in the project.(eight hundred millions=eight hundred million yuan or dollars)政府已決定在該項(xiàng)目上投資8個億。
6.受some這個單詞意義的影響,它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式和單數(shù)形式意義有所不同。如:
There are eighty thousand books in our school library.And I have read some hundred of them.我校圖書館有8萬冊藏書,我已讀了大約一百本。(some=about)
There are eighty thousand books in our school library.And I have read some hundreds of them.我校圖書館有8萬冊藏書,我已讀了幾百本。(some=several)
Some two thousand years ago,in a river in ancient India,there was a pond full of fish.約兩千多年前,古印度有一條小河,其中有個滿是魚兒的水塘。(some=about)
These college students have presented some thousands of books to the left-behind children in our village in the last four years.這些大學(xué)生在過去的四年里已為我鄉(xiāng)的留守兒童捐贈圖書幾千冊了。
7.dozen和score可組成較多的習(xí)慣用語,而hundred,thousand,million,billion和trillion則比較少見,在此不贅述。Dozen和score的主要搭配如下:
dozen:
dozens of 很多;許多
a dime a dozen多得很;不稀罕;不值錢
a baker's(devil's, printer's, long)dozen十三個 dozens of times 屢次;多次
talk thirteen(nineteen)to the dozen 喋喋不休;說個不停 six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八兩;毫無區(qū)別score:
go off at full score(馬)突然向前猛沖;(人)突然開始講或作have an old score to settle with跟……有舊怨 make a score off駁倒……;說得無話可說
make a score off one's own bat獨(dú)立做;自力更生 on a new score重新
on more scores than one由于許多原因 on that score因此;在那一點(diǎn)上 on the same score用同樣的理由 on the score of因?yàn)?;為?/p>
pay(wipe)off a score付清欠賬;還清債務(wù)
pay off old scores=to quit the scores報(bào)宿怨;雪舊恨 quit score with跟……結(jié)清前賬;向……報(bào)復(fù) run up scores at對……負(fù)債累累 know the score知道事實(shí)真相;精通世故
——正文完——
主要參考文獻(xiàn):
1. 霍恩比,《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》,牛津大學(xué)出版社、商務(wù)印書館,1997年第四版 2. 張道真、溫志達(dá),英語語法大全(上),1998年第一版 3. 新東方英語句庫:
http://tool.xdf.cn/juku/search_hundreds_18.html 4. 可可英語網(wǎng):hundred, thousand和million的用法說明 http://
5. 恒星英語網(wǎng):dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million用法要點(diǎn) http:// 6
第二篇:英語數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
英語數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容 數(shù)詞用法總結(jié)
二.知識歸納與總結(jié)
A.基礎(chǔ)知識
(一)數(shù)詞的分類:
表示數(shù)目多少或順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。
表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞。one,two
表示順序次第的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。the first(第一)、the second(第二)
(二)數(shù)詞的用法:
1.作主語
Thirty of them are Party members.他們之中的三十人是黨員。
2.作賓語
Please pass me the second.請遞給我第二個。
3.作定語
The nine boys are from Tianjin.這九個男孩子是天津人。
4.作表語
Six plus four is ten.六加四等于十。
5.作同位語(只限基數(shù)詞)
We four will go with you.我們四個人將和你一起去。
B.用法總結(jié)
(一)基數(shù)詞的表示方法:
1.1-12 的基數(shù)詞:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2.13~19的基數(shù)詞,在個位數(shù)上加后綴-teen構(gòu)成,并有兩個重音。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3.20~90等十位數(shù)由2-9 加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.21-29由十位數(shù)20加個位數(shù)1-9 構(gòu)成,十位和個位之間加連字符號“-”,其他十位數(shù)以此類推。twenty-one、44 forty-four、98 ninety-eight
5.多位數(shù)的讀法
① 從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”;第一個“,”號前為thousand(千),第二個“,”號前為million(百萬)……,然后再逐段表達(dá)。
② 三位數(shù)數(shù)詞要在百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加and。
45,632,798 讀作
forty-five million, six hundred and thirty-two thousand, seven hundred and ninety-eight
(二)序數(shù)詞的表示方法:
序數(shù)詞 = 基數(shù)詞+th,但以下幾個特殊:
one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth.eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth, twenty-twentieth ……, a hundred-a hundredth
(三)倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法:
1.倍數(shù):time(s)
This room is three times as large as that one.這個房間有那個房間三個大。
Three threes are nine.or Three times three is nine.三三得九。
2.分?jǐn)?shù):
分子用基數(shù)詞表示,分母用序數(shù)詞表示,分子為2以上時(shí),分母(序數(shù)詞)應(yīng)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
三分之一,one third, a third; 五分之三,three fifths
數(shù)短語作主語時(shí),謂語的數(shù)由of 后面的名詞來決定,名詞為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語用復(fù)數(shù);名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)。
A third of the land is covered by forests.Two thirds of the workers are working hard.3.小數(shù):
小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞讀法完全相同,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面則須將數(shù)字一一讀出。
1.25 讀作 one point two five
0.56 讀作naught point five six或zero point five six
4.百分?jǐn)?shù):
百分號%讀作 percent
eg.5% 讀作 five percent
(四)算式表達(dá)法:
1.加法
A+B=C → A plus B is C.or A and B is C.2.減法
A-B=C →A minus B is C.or B from A is C.3.乘法
A×B=C → A times B is C.or A multiplied by B is C.4.除法
A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.5.大于
A>B → A is more than B.6.小于
A
(五)常見數(shù)詞的表示法及讀法
1.章節(jié)、頁數(shù)的讀法
第一章:the first chapter;Chapter One
第二節(jié):the second section;Section Two
第三課:the third lesson;Lesson Three
第463頁:page four six three
第2564頁:page two five six four或twenty-five sixty-four
注意:如果頁碼的數(shù)字較長,通常用基數(shù)詞。
2.房間、門牌、電話號碼的讀法
第305房間:Room three o(零)five
長安街76號:seventy-six Chang'an Street
電話號碼:204-2244:telephone number two o(零)four two two(double two)four four
十一路公共汽車:Bus(No.)eleven
3.年代、日期、時(shí)刻的讀法
(1)年份是四位數(shù)字時(shí),各分成二位來讀,eg.公元1995年:1995(=nineteen ninety-five)
(2)日期使用一般的序數(shù)詞來讀取
eg.5月10日:May 10th(=May tenth)
(3)時(shí)刻通常用基數(shù)詞來讀
eg.8點(diǎn)45分:8: 45(=eight forty-five)
(4)年代表示法:
eg.二十世紀(jì)九十年代:1990's nineteen nineties
4.hundred, thousand, million用法:
hundred, thousand, million前面有具體數(shù)字,要用單數(shù)形式,但如果它們后面有of,那它們要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,同時(shí),前面不能再加具體的數(shù)目。
eg.two thousand 兩千 thousands of 成千上萬
hundreds of 成百上千 millions of 數(shù)以百萬計(jì)
Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.成千上萬的人參觀了這座城市。
(六)需注意的問題:
1.數(shù)詞+名詞用“-”連在一起作定語,后面名詞不用復(fù)數(shù)。
eg.a four-year-old boy
2.有些結(jié)構(gòu)既有基數(shù)詞又有序數(shù)詞。
eg.the first three questions
the last five minutes
3.英語中有一些短語包含數(shù)詞,不能從表面上理解它們的意義
eg.one and the only 唯一 be at one with 與… 一致
be on all fours 匍匐;趴
Two's company, three is a crowd 二人成伴,三人不歡
one and the same 同一個;完全一樣 for one 舉個例子說
ten to one 十之八九 a thousand to one 十之八九
talk nineteen to the dozen 滔滔不絕 by twos and threes 三三兩兩
in ones and twos 三三兩兩 first and last 總共
first of all 首先 from the first 從一開始
......
第三篇:中考冠詞、數(shù)詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
培優(yōu)中考冠詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
歌曰:定冠詞用法有規(guī)律,防止遺志很容易。
冠詞是英語中最常見的一種限定詞,它在句子中不能充當(dāng)任何句子成分,所以也不能單獨(dú)使用,特指雙方都熟悉,上文已經(jīng)被提及。只能用在名詞前面,說明所指的人或物。冠詞共有兩種:不定冠詞和定冠詞。不定冠詞有a和an,世上無二僅獨(dú)一,序數(shù)詞和最高級。定冠詞有the。在實(shí)際使用中,還有一種叫零冠詞的,即在名詞的前面不用任何冠詞。
山河海島建筑物,姓氏復(fù)數(shù)奏樂器。
[焦點(diǎn)一]不定冠詞
少數(shù)形表人一類,方位名詞須牢記。1.用法
普構(gòu)專有慣用詞,試用此訣有效率。l)表示數(shù)量有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)。l)特指某人或某物。如________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an
B.The;a C.The;the
D.A;the(2000年青海省)There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A.an B.a
C.the
D.× 2)指雙方都知道的人或事物。如:Where are the new books,Jim? 2)表示某個人或事物,但不具體說明何人或何物,表示泛指。3)指上文提到過的人或物。如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.3):表示人或事物的某一類。4)用在世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前。如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc.如:Pass me an apple, please. 5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。如:The third one is carrying the fewest of all.4)表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every\per。6)用在山脈、江河、海洋、島等名詞前。如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island, etc.如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week.
5)表示某一個,相當(dāng)于a certain 7)用在某些建筑物名詞前。如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫婦”。如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc.2 不定冠詞a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前面,an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前面。另外,在表9)用在樂器名詞前。如:the piano, the violin, etc.示一個以輔音音素開頭的字母(如:b,c,d,g,j,k等)時(shí),字母前面用a;在表示一個以元音10)用在少數(shù)名詞化的形容詞前表示一類人或事物。如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.音素開頭的字母(如:a,e,l,m,n等)時(shí),字母前面用an。例如: 11)用在表示方向位置的名詞前。如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.1)(2002年濟(jì)南市)This is ________ empty bottle.Could you give me ______ full one? 12)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:the People’s Republic of China, etc.A.a;a
B.an;a
C.the;the
D.×;a 13)用在某些習(xí)慣用語中。如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc.2)(2003年廣西壯族自治區(qū))There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.in the evening 在晚上in the field
在田野里in the country
在鄉(xiāng)間in the sun
在陽光下
A.the
B.×
C.a
D.an on the right
在右邊by the way
順便說一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime
白天
3)(2004年廣東省)----Did you do well in ____________ English exam? go to the concert
去聽音樂會 in the beginning
開始
at the moment
當(dāng)時(shí),此刻
----Yes, I got ____________“A”.all the year round
一年到頭go to the cinema
去看電影go to the theatre 去看戲
A.the;an
B.an;the
C.a;×
D.the;a at the weekend
周末 in the afternoon
在下午in the sky
在空中in the dark 在暗處
3.用于某些固定詞組中。例如:half an apple 半個蘋果 in the rain 在雨中on the left
在左邊all the time
始終in the middle of 在中間
Two hours and a half
half an hour
半個小時(shí)as a result
因此
for a while
一會兒
once on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然at the same time 同時(shí)in the end 終于 in a while
偶爾
for a moment 一會兒
have a word with sb.同某人談話
have a nice trip
on the one hand, on the other hand
一方面,另一方面 旅途愉快
have(/take)a walk
散步
make a face
做鬼臉
in a hurry
匆忙地
do sb.a [焦點(diǎn)三]不用冠詞的幾種情況:零冠詞的基本用法 favor
幫某人忙
take an active part in 積極參加
live a happy life
過幸福生活
歌曰:下列情況不用冠,名詞之前代詞限; give a lesson
教一堂課
once upon a time
從前
專有名詞不可數(shù),球類學(xué)科與三餐;
(2004年福州市)----Where is Xiao Ming?--He’s having __________ rest over there.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,節(jié)日月份星期前;
A.a B.an
C.the
D.×
顏色語種和國名,稱呼習(xí)語及頭銜。a useful book
一件有用的書
a university
一所大學(xué) 1)當(dāng)名詞前已經(jīng)有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、a European country
一個歐洲國家
a one-eyed man
一個一目失明的人 名詞所有格等修飾限定時(shí),不加冠詞 an hour
一小時(shí)
an honor 一種榮譽(yù) 如:The letter is in her bag.an honest boy
一個誠實(shí)的男孩
an umbrella
一把傘 an uncle
一位叔叔 2)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞等不可數(shù)名詞前。如:China,water,music, etc.
[焦點(diǎn)二]定冠詞主要和名詞連用,表示某個或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下:
3)球類活動、學(xué)科名詞、一日三餐前。4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指。如:They are workers 5)節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)名稱前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示顏色、語言、稱呼語和官職、頭銜的名詞前。Make her monitor 7)某些固定詞組或習(xí)慣用語中。
如:at night noon , go to school, by bus, at home
在家
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)in time 按時(shí)at work 在工作on show
在展出in trouble 處于困境 at first 起初at last
終于in fact
事實(shí)上on holiday
在度假on duty
值日 at times
有時(shí)候after class
課后at night
在夜間with pleasure
樂意地 8 某些交通工具名稱前不用冠詞 by train 乘火車(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租車(= in a taxi)by plane 乘飛機(jī)(=on a plane)by bus 乘公交車(=on a bus)by bike 騎自行車(=on a bike)by car 乘小汽車(=in a car)
on foot 步行 定冠不定冠 意思差千萬
有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞,其意義有所不同。如:1)at table在吃飯;
at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上課;
in the class在班級中 3)go to school去上學(xué);go to the school到那所學(xué)校去 4)go to bed上床睡覺;
go to the bed到床那邊去 5)in front of在…的前面;
in the front of在…的前部.6)take place 發(fā)生,舉行 take one's place
代替某人(的工作)
7)on earth
究竟,到底(用于加強(qiáng)語氣)on the earth
在地球上
8)four of them
他們當(dāng)中4人(不只4人)he four of them
他們4人(共計(jì)4人)9)next week(month)下周(下個月)(以現(xiàn)在看將來)
the next week(month)
第二周(下個月)(在過去某一時(shí)間之后)10)in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里(不一定生?。?1)a number of 許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))
the number of ……的數(shù)量(修飾可數(shù)名詞,作主語是謂語動詞用單數(shù))13 兩個平行、并列的名詞前不用冠詞
例:arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side
肩并肩one by one 一個接一個
hand in hand
手拉手
face to face
面對面
day by day 一天一天的day and night
日日夜夜
中考考點(diǎn)冠詞練習(xí)
舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!
1.-What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be ________ artist when I grow up.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./ 2.-Are you ________ Chinese or American?-Chinese.But I was brought up in New York.A.an
B./
C.the
D.one 3.-Where is Tom?
-He's having ________ rest over there.A.a
B.an
C.the
D.不填
4.Antonia is ________ American girl.She studies in ________ university in Changsha.A.the;a
B.a;a
C.an;a
D.an; an 5.-Have you got ________ E-mail address?-Oh yes.Mine is hfc2008@sohu.com.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
6.-Have you seen ________ magazine? I left it here a moment ago.-Is it________ new English magazine? I saw it was taken away by Bruce.A.a; a
B.a;an
C.a; the
D.the; the 7.We can't see ________sun at ________ night.A.a,/ B.a,the
C.the,/
D.the,the
8.This is ________song I've told you about.Isn't it ________beautiful song? A.the;the B.a; a
C.the; a
D.a; the 9.-Did you enjoy your stay in Guangzhou?
-Yes.We had ________ wonderful time in the White Clouds Hill.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
10.Jim is good at ________ piano.He does well in ________ football,too.A.playing,playing
B.playing,playing the C.playing the,to play
D.playing the,playing
11.There's ________apple tree in front of ________house.A.an,/ B.the,the
C.an,the
D.a,the
12.It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.A.an,a B.a,an
C.an,/
D.a,/ 練習(xí)與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績!
1.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.2.---Do you like playing _________ football?
---Yes.But I have only _________ basketball.3.Do you know _______girl on ________ other side of ________ lake?
4.There's ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.5.She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.6.His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7.Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?
8.Don't make any noise in ______class.9.He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11.Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night.________ film was about ______ kind doctor.一、數(shù)詞的分類 1.基數(shù)詞
表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下: A.從1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從 11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。C.從 21——99 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí),在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位數(shù)
個數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數(shù)以上
從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“,”。從右開始,第一個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí),不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時(shí),基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大廳里有數(shù)以百計(jì)的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and
Horses every day.
每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡骸?/p>
G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代,用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多歲時(shí)成為了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十來歲時(shí)死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能
基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。
The two happily opened the box.兩個人高興地打開了盒子。(作主語)I need three altogether.我總共需要三個。(作賓語)
Four students are playing volleyball outside.四個學(xué)生在外面打排球。(作定語)We are sixteen.我們是16個人。(作表語)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他們?nèi)齻€人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。(作同位語)2.序數(shù)詞
表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式: A.從第一至第十九
其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九
整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth
表示第幾十幾時(shí),用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞
由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式
有時(shí),序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E.序數(shù)詞的句法功能
序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。
The second is what I really need.第二個是我真正需要的。(作主語)He choose the second.他挑選了第二個。(作賓語)
We are to carry out the first plan.我們將執(zhí)行第一個計(jì)劃。(作定語)She is the second in our class.在我們班她是第二名。(作表語)
注:序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí),通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí),則表示“再——”,“又——”。
We'll go over it a second time.我們得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了,還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?
另外,基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可,不需要添加定冠詞。the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
二、時(shí)刻表示法
1.表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 讀作 five o'clock 或 five 2.表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時(shí) five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分 half past six 六點(diǎn)半
a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)過一刻 seven past eight 八點(diǎn)過七分
3.表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時(shí) ten to eight 差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)(十一點(diǎn)四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六點(diǎn)(五點(diǎn)四十分)
在日常生活中,常用下列簡單方法表示時(shí)間。以小時(shí)、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one 10:26讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five
注:時(shí)刻表上的時(shí)間大多采用24小時(shí)表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。
三、年月表示法
1.世紀(jì)可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示,也可以用定冠詞加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世紀(jì)
the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世紀(jì) the 1900's 二十世紀(jì) the 1600's 十七世紀(jì)
這里,用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀(jì)比這一百位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身多一個世紀(jì)。2.年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成
in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代
in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世紀(jì)六十年代 In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.在十九世紀(jì)七十年代當(dāng)馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國的形勢很重要,便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語。
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920's 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the mid-1950's 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法
A.年份用基數(shù)詞表示,一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,讀時(shí)可以以hundred為單位,也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來讀。
1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 253 讀作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,使用year時(shí),year放在數(shù)詞之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。
B.月份,在哪個月用介詞in加第一個字母大寫的月份詞表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。為了簡便起見,月份與日期連用時(shí),月份常用縮寫形式表示。縮寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個字母表示,但September除外。January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月 November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月
注:這里縮寫形式后面加點(diǎn)不能省略,因?yàn)樗潜硎究s寫形式的符號。C.日期用定冠詞the加序數(shù)詞表示。在哪一天要添加介詞on。National Day is on Oct.1.國慶節(jié)是十月一日。(讀作 October first)此句也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(讀作March first或 the first of March)
5.表示不具體、不確切的時(shí)間,如世紀(jì)、年代、年份、月份時(shí),用介詞in表示,表示具體確切的某一天用介詞on表示通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是,當(dāng)這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語,把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時(shí),介詞in應(yīng)改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語、名詞、形容詞、定語從句等。
On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.在一個寒冷的早晨,這個老人孤獨(dú)地死在自己的房子里。
I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.我不愿意在我必須學(xué)習(xí)的晚上被打擾。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.這次事故發(fā)生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning.星期一早晨我們將進(jìn)行一次小測驗(yàn)。
四、加減乘除表示法
1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等詞表示。2+3=? 可表示為: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five.
If we add two to/and three, we get five.二加三等于五 2.“減”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4Ten minus six is four.
Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four.十減去六等于四 3.“乘”用time(動詞)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve.
Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二 4.“除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示
16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4Sixteen divided by four is four.
Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。
五、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
1.分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的?;鶖?shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時(shí),如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);小于1,名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個半小時(shí)(讀作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
3.表示“n次方”的說法:指數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,底數(shù)用基數(shù)詞。
10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小數(shù)表示法
1.小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示,以小數(shù)點(diǎn)為界,小數(shù)點(diǎn)左首的數(shù)字為一個單位,表示整數(shù),數(shù)字合起來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)右首的數(shù)字為一個單位,表示小數(shù),數(shù)字分開來讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o[ou],整數(shù)部分為零時(shí),可以省略不讀。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七 l.03 one point o three 一點(diǎn)零三
2.當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù)字值小于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49 ton 零點(diǎn)四九噸 l.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸
七、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)+percent表示 50% fifty percent
百分之五十 3% three percent
百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零點(diǎn)一二
這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent這一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之幾中percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
八、數(shù)量表示法
1.表示長、寬、高、面積等,用基數(shù)詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length,width,height,weight等)表示。
two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬 This box is 2 kilograms in weight.這個盒子有兩千克重。
The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墻是12米寬,12米高。2.表示時(shí)間、距離時(shí),使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。five minutes' walk步行五分鐘(的距離)
It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)是乘車一小時(shí)的路程?;颍簭奈业募亦l(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)需要乘車一小時(shí)。
It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠(yuǎn)。3.表示溫度時(shí),用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度用基數(shù)詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏)表示。
thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 攝氏 36度
four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度
Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在華氏三十二度時(shí)結(jié)冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在攝氏一百度時(shí)沸騰。這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時(shí),可以省略。
You are 37℃.(讀作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(攝氏)It's seven degrees below zero.今天是零下七度。(攝氏)
4.由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語作定語時(shí),其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式,名詞性短語中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。
It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.從圖書館到操場需要走五分鐘。She's a sixteen-year-old girl.她是個十六歲的女孩。5.表示“比···大(或)幾倍”的說法。
This room is two times bigger than that one.這個房間比那個(房間)大兩倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年齡比他大兩倍。
第四篇:數(shù)詞小結(jié)
數(shù)詞
數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞,分?jǐn)?shù)
一、數(shù)詞的分類 數(shù)詞主要分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類。1.基數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下:
A.從1——10: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從11-19: eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.
這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。
C.從 21——99:整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí),在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-” ①21 twenty-one ② 76 seventy-six D.百位數(shù):1-9基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數(shù)以上:從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“,”。從右開始,第一個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。①2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight。
②16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four.③5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four ★★F.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí),要用百、千、百萬、十億的單數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時(shí),則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。four hundred boys There are hundreds of people in the hall. They went to the theatre in twos and threes.
注:several+ hundred/thousand/million /billion+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 eg:There are several hundred students.G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代,用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。1)表年齡: in one’s + 整十的復(fù)數(shù),表示在某人幾十歲時(shí)
①He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多歲時(shí)成為了教授 ②在他四十歲時(shí): ___ 2)表示年代: in the + 年份的復(fù)數(shù),在幾世紀(jì)幾十年代.It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。
H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能
基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。
The two happily opened the box.(作主語)I need three altogether.(作賓語)Four students are playing volleyball outside.(作定語)We are sixteen.(作表語)They three tried to finish the task before sunset.(作同位語)2.序數(shù)詞:表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式:
A.從第一至第十九:其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九:
整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth 第四十 第五十
表示第幾十幾時(shí),用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞:由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一;one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
D.序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 注:lst,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E.序數(shù)詞的句法功能:序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。
The second is what I really need.(作主語)He choose the second.(作賓語)We are to carry out the first plan.(作定語)She is the second in our class.(作表語)★序數(shù)詞前常要加定冠詞 the;但若序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí),則表示“再一”“又一”。
We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?
▲表編號 結(jié)構(gòu):名詞(首字母要大寫)+ 基數(shù)詞 = the +序數(shù)詞 +名詞
Lesson One = the first lesson the fifth page=Page 5(five)the twenty-first room=Room 21(twenty-one)★
二、時(shí)刻表示法
1.表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞可以加o`clock,也可省略:5:00 讀作 five o`clock 或 five 2.表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時(shí)
eg: five past seven 七點(diǎn)過五分 half past six 六點(diǎn)半 a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)過一刻 3.表示幾點(diǎn)差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時(shí)
ten to eight 差十分八點(diǎn)(七點(diǎn)五十分)a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(diǎn)(十一點(diǎn)四十五分)
差二十分六點(diǎn)
4.在日常生活中,以小時(shí)、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字:
讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作
注:時(shí)刻表上的時(shí)間大多采用24小時(shí)表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表上午,p.m.表下午了。
三、年月表示法
1.世紀(jì)=定冠詞+序數(shù)詞+century表示,也可以用定冠詞+百位進(jìn)數(shù)+`s表示
the sixth/6th century=the 500’s 公元六世紀(jì) the 1900`s 二十世紀(jì) the 1600`s 十七世紀(jì) 2.年代用定冠詞+基數(shù)詞+十位整數(shù)的所有格或復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成
in the 1930`s/in the 1930s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代;在十九世紀(jì)六十年代
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920`s 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the mid-1950`s 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法
A.年份用基數(shù)詞表示,一般為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字:
1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two ★表示在哪一年,一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,eg: in 2012 在2012年
使用year時(shí),year放在數(shù)詞之前in the year two hundred fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 B.月份,在哪個月,用介詞in加第一個字母大寫的月份詞:例如:in May在五月; 月份常用縮寫形式表示:縮寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個字母表示,但September除外。January—Jan. February—Feb. March—Mar.April—Apr.
August—Aug. September—Sept. October—Oct. November—Nov. December—Dec. 注:這里縮寫形式后面加點(diǎn)不能省略
C.日期 在具體哪一天要添加介詞on。更多資料QQ378459309制作:
National Day is on Oct.1.(October first也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October.)
May 5(th)五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May
Mar.1(st)(讀作March first或 the first of March)
★★注:通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是,當(dāng)這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語,把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時(shí),介詞應(yīng)改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語、名詞、形容詞、定語從句等。On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.
The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7./ We are to have a small test on Monday morning. ★
四、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法.1).結(jié)構(gòu): a).分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞.b).當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母加復(fù)數(shù).3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 1/2 a half = one second 1 1/2 one and a half 2).注意: a).當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接可數(shù)名詞時(shí),如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);<1,名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個半小時(shí)(讀作 one and a half hours)4/5 meter 五分之四米 2 3/4 mete rs 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)★b).分?jǐn)?shù)詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動詞根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)詞后面的名詞來確定.Two fifths of the milk ______(be)drunk by Tom.One third of the students _______(be)girls.五、小數(shù)表示法
1.小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示,小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o[ou],整數(shù)部分為零時(shí),可以省略不讀。
0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七 l.03 one point o three 一點(diǎn)零三
2.當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù)字值小于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點(diǎn)零三米 0.49 ton 零點(diǎn)四九噸 l.5 tons 一點(diǎn)五噸
六、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法 : 百分?jǐn)?shù)=基數(shù)+percent表示 這里的percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。50% fifty percent 3% three percent 0.12% zero point one two percent
七、數(shù)量表示法
1.表示長、寬、高、面積等: 用基數(shù)詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length,width,height,weight等)表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高
2.表示溫度時(shí),用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度=基數(shù)詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏)表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度
這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時(shí),可以省略。It’s seven degrees below zero. 今天是零下七度。(攝氏)
★3.表示時(shí)間、距離時(shí),使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。
five minutes` walk 步行五分鐘(的距離)one kilometer’s distance 一公里遠(yuǎn)?!?.數(shù)詞加名詞單數(shù)構(gòu)成的短語,短語中間要用連字符“-”來連接,作定語修飾名詞 It’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. She’s a sixteen-year-old girl.
八、特殊用法
★1.?dāng)?shù)詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如: Two months is quite a long time. Four and two is six.What’s two and three?
2.一個半小時(shí)(一年半,一個半月可類推)one/an hour and a half =one and a half hours
第五篇:英語中的數(shù)詞表示
英語中的數(shù)詞
一.概述
數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目多少和順序先后的詞,分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種.基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目,序數(shù)詞表示順序.二.基數(shù)詞
1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
1)1~12是獨(dú)立的單詞 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 2)13~19是在基數(shù)詞后加-teen 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 注意:13和15的拼寫發(fā)生變化,18應(yīng)省去原來的字母t,應(yīng)熟記 3)20~90的整位數(shù)是在基數(shù)詞后加-ty 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 注意:20,30,40,50,80的拼寫發(fā)生變化
4)21~29由”十位數(shù)20+個位數(shù)1~9”構(gòu)成,中間加連字符 21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three 24 twenty-four 25 twenty-five 26 twenty-six 27 twenty-seven 28 twenty-eight 29 twenty-nine 其他”幾十幾”的數(shù)詞依此類推.31 thirty-one 42 forty-two 53 fifty-three 64 sixty-four 75 seventy-five 86 eighty-six 97 ninety-seven 99 ninety-nine 5)百位數(shù)由1~9加hundred構(gòu)成
one/a hundred 200 two hundred 500 five hundred 900 nine hundred 百位數(shù)含十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)時(shí),百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間常用and連接;百位數(shù)加個位數(shù)時(shí),也可用and連接,但在美式英語中,這個and往往省略.158 a/one hundred(and)fifty-eight 599 five hundred(and)ninety-nine 605 six hundred(and)five 808 eight hundred(and)eight 6)千位數(shù)由1~9加thousand構(gòu)成
1,000 a/one thousand 2,000 two thousand 5,000 five thousand 9,000 nine thousand 千位數(shù)帶百、十、個位數(shù)時(shí),由千位數(shù)直接加百、十、個位數(shù)構(gòu)成.a只能用在整個詞組之首.one比a 正式,因而在正式文體中應(yīng)該用one.另外,千位數(shù)中如果百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)均為零,可用and與個位數(shù)連接,但在美式英語中,and往往省去.1,005 one/a thousand(and)five 3,008 three thousand(and)eight 4,836 four thousand eight hundred(and)thirty-six 6,927 six thousand nine hundred(and)twenty-seven 7)萬位數(shù)的構(gòu)成
英語中的”萬”要用”數(shù)詞+thousand“表示.10,000 ten thousand 20,000 twenty thousand 50,000 fifty thousand 60,856 sixty thousand eight hundred(and)fifty-six 89,733 eighty-nine thousand seven hundred(and)thirty-three “10萬~99萬”的表示法
100,000 a/one hundred thousand 200,000 two hundred thousand 335,452 three hundred(and)thirty-five thousand four hundred(and)fifty-two 650,700 six hundred(and)fifty thousand seven hundred 998,616 nine hundred(and)ninety-eight thousand six hundred(and)sixteen 8)”百萬”的表示法
“百萬”以million為單位.1,000,000 a/one million 2,000,000 two million 3,600,000 three million six hundred thousand 8,964,688 eight million nine hundred(and)sixty-four thousand six hundred(and)eighty-eight 9)”千萬”的表示法 10,000,000 ten million 20,000,000 twenty million 96,000,000 ninety-six million 10)”億”的表示法
100,000,000 a/one hundred million 600,000,000 six hundred million 11)”十億”的表示法
1,000,000,000(10億)a/one billion a/one thousand million 2,000,000,000(20億)two billion two thousand million 1000以上的基數(shù)詞,從后向前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個逗號,作為一個單位,第一個逗號前的數(shù)為thousand(千),第二個逗號前的數(shù)為million(百萬).8,869 eight thousand eight hundred(and)sixty-nine 40,664,820 forty million six hundred(and)sixty-four thousand eight hundred(and)twenty 2.基數(shù)詞的用法 1)作主語 2)作表語 3)作賓語 4)作定語 5)作同位語
hundred,thousand,million在讀數(shù)時(shí)不可加s.4,685 four thousands,six hundreds and eighty-five(誤)four thousand,six hundred and eighty-five(正)hundred,thousand,million修飾名詞,表示具體數(shù)目時(shí),不可加s.這所學(xué)校有600名學(xué)生.There are six hundreds students in the school.(誤)There are six hundred students in the school.(正)hundreds of(幾百),thousands of(幾千),millions of(幾百萬)等表示泛指,數(shù)量不定,要加s,用復(fù)數(shù)形式.He spent hundreds of dollars on books.他買書花了數(shù)百美元.Thousands of people attended the meeting.數(shù)千人參加了會議.Millions of workers lost their jobs.數(shù)百萬工人失業(yè).The birds came by hundreds.鳥兒成百地出現(xiàn).The novel sold by the millions.這部小說銷售以百萬計(jì).表示整十的基數(shù)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示人的歲數(shù)或年代.The man is in his thirties.那人有三十多歲.She died in her nineties.她是九十多歲去世的.He went abroad in the eighties.他八十年代出國去了.in one’s teens(正)十幾歲 in one’s tens(誤)年份用基數(shù)詞表示,通常以”百”為單位來讀.1956 讀作nineteen(hundred and)fifty-six(hundred and通常要省去)1999 讀作nineteen(hundred and)ninety-nine 但2000年,2001年,2002年等要用thousand.2000 讀作two thousand 2001 讀作two thousand and one 2008 讀作two thousand and eight 2020 讀作two thousand and twenty 三.序數(shù)詞
1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 1)第一至第三
英語序數(shù)詞第一至第三各有特殊形式.第一first(縮寫為1st)第二second(縮寫為2nd)第三third(縮寫為3rd)2)第四至第十九
序數(shù)詞第四至第十九都是在基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成,發(fā)[θ]音.但第八、第九和第十二的拼寫有變化,應(yīng)特別注意.第四fourth 第五fifth 第六sixth 第七seventh 第八eighth 第九ninth 第十tenth 第十一eleventh 第十二twelfth 第十三thirteenth 第十四fourteenth 第十五fifteenth 第十六sixteenth 第十七seventeenth 第十八eighteenth 第十九nineteenth 3)第二十至第九十
從第二十到第九十表示整十的序數(shù)詞,是把相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾的y改為i,再加-eth.第二十twentieth 第三十thirtieth 第四十fortieth 第五十fiftieth 第六十sixtieth 第七十seventieth 第八十eightieth 第九十ninetieth 4)非整十的多位數(shù)
非整十的多位數(shù),把個位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞即可,十位數(shù)不變.第二十一twenty-first(21st)第三十二thirty-second(32nd)第四十三forty-third(43rd)第五十四fifty-fourth(54th)第六十五sixty-fifth(65th)第七十六seventy-sixth(76th)第八十七eighty-seventh(87th)第九十八ninety-eighth(98th)第九十九ninety-ninth(99th)第一百零一(one)hundred and first(101st)第二百八十八two hundred(and)eighty-eighth(288th)第九百七十三nine hundred(and)seventy-third(973rd)第一千零一(one)thouand and first(1,001st)序數(shù)詞的縮寫式是由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母組成.5)hundred等的序數(shù)詞
hundred,thousand和million的序數(shù)詞分別為hundredth,thousandth,millionth.第一百(one)hundredth(不可用a)第八百eight hundredth 第一千(one)thousandth 第一萬ten thousandth 第十萬(one)hundred thousandth 第一百萬(one)millionth 2.序數(shù)詞的用法 1)作主語 2)作賓語 3)作表語 4)作定語 5)作同位語 6)作狀語
序數(shù)詞前常要加定冠詞.He will be the first to speak.他將第一個發(fā)言.The ninth boy is from England.第九個男孩來自英國.序數(shù)詞前用了物主代詞或名詞所有格,則不用定冠詞.She is his second wife.她是他的第二個妻子.It is Lily’s third dictionary.這是莉莉的第三本詞典.表示比賽或考試的名次時(shí),定冠詞常省略.Tom was(the)first in the match.湯姆在比賽中獲得第一名.用作副詞時(shí),不加定冠詞.I first met him in Shanghai.我第一次見到他是在上海.序數(shù)詞前有時(shí)可用不定冠詞,表示”又一,再一”,指在原有基礎(chǔ)上的增加,相當(dāng)于another.I’ll read the book a second time.我將把這本書再讀一遍.(已讀過一遍)He saw a third monkey.他又看見了第三只猴子.(已看見兩只)3.數(shù)詞的各種表達(dá)法
1)章節(jié)、頁數(shù)、課次、行次、第幾中學(xué)、第幾車間等編號常用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示,也可用”the+序數(shù)詞+名詞”表示.第一章:Chapter One或the first chapter 第二節(jié): Section Two或the second section 第五課: Lesson Five或the fifth lesson 第23頁:page 23或the twenty-third page 第8行: line eight 或the eighth line 第三中學(xué):No.3 Middle School 或the Third Middle School 第二機(jī)械車間: No.2 Machine Shop或the Second Machine Shop 第一次世界大戰(zhàn): World WarⅠ或the First World War 較大的數(shù)字,要用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示.第608頁: page six o eigth(o讀作[?u])第839頁:page eight three nine或page eight hundred(and)thirty-nine 第2645頁:page two six four five或page twenty-six forty-five 2)房間、門牌等的表示法
房間、門牌、電話號碼、信箱號碼、郵政編碼等,用”名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示.第236房間:Room(No.)236(讀作room(number)two three six)中山東路66號:(No.)66 East Zhongshan Road 電話號碼:025-84318988 Telephone number 025-84318988(讀作 o two five eight four three one eight nine eight eigth(或double eight))(在o,two,five之后要稍加停頓)326信箱:P.O.Box 326 郵政編碼:230094 Postcode 230094(讀作:postcode two three o o nine four)33路公共汽車: Bus(No.)33或The No.33 Bus 309班機(jī):Flight Number 309 507航班:Flight Number 507 3)世紀(jì)、年代表示法
年代為四位數(shù)時(shí),各分成二位來讀.20世紀(jì):the 20th century 21世紀(jì):the 21st century 在50年代:in the fifties(數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù))在90年代:in the nineties(數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù))1990年:nineteen ninety 1998年:nineteen ninety-eight 注意下面年代的讀法: 2000年:(the year)two thousand 2001年:two thousand(and)one 2008年:two thousand(and)eight 2025年:two thousand(and)twenty-five twenty twenty-five 2050年:two thousand(and)fifty twenty fifty 4)日期表示法
日期通常用序數(shù)詞來讀.5月1日:1(st)May(英式)(讀作the first of May)May 1(st)(美式)(讀作May(the)first/May one)10月5日: 5(th)October(英式)(讀作the fifth of October)October 5(th)(美式)(讀作October(the)fifth/October five)2008年6月28日: 28(th)June,2008(英式)June 28(th),2008(美式)5)公元表示法
“公元”用AD或A.D.表示;”公元前:用BC或B.C.表示.公元6世紀(jì):in the sixth century AD 公元55年:in 55 AD in(the year)AD 55 公元前500年:in(the year)500 BC 6)鐘點(diǎn)表示法
鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻通常用基數(shù)詞表示.表示整點(diǎn)可加o’clock,口語中常省去.It’s ten o’clock.現(xiàn)在10點(diǎn)鐘.He got up at six(o’clock).他6點(diǎn)鐘起的床.表示”幾點(diǎn)幾分”,在30分鐘之內(nèi),包括30分鐘,用past,結(jié)構(gòu)為:分鐘數(shù)+ past/after +小時(shí).9:10 ten past nine 或nine ten 10:15(a)quarter past ten或ten fifteen 11:30 half past eleven 或eleven thirty 5:25 twenty-five past five或five twenty-five 表示”幾點(diǎn)幾分”,分鐘數(shù)超過了30分鐘,結(jié)構(gòu)為:到下一鐘點(diǎn)所差分鐘數(shù)+ to/of(美)+下一小時(shí)數(shù).7:40 twenty to eight 或seven forty 9:45(a)quarter to ten或nine forty-five 用a.m.表示”上午”,用p.m.表示”下午”.另外,o’clock不能與a.m.或p.m.連用.四.分?jǐn)?shù)詞
1.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的構(gòu)成
分?jǐn)?shù)詞由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞.分子大于1時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式.1/2: a/one half 1/3: a/one third 1/5: a/one fifth 1/4:a/one fourth或a/one quarter 2/3: two thirds 3/4: three fourths或three quarters 5/8: five eighths 7/10: seven tenths 1 1/2: one and a half 2 3/4:two and three fourths 分母和分子之間可用連字符,也可不用.2.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的用法
分?jǐn)?shù)詞常同of短語連用,在句中作主語或賓語.五.四則運(yùn)算表示法
加、減、乘、除算式的表示法.2+6=8 Two and six are eight.Two plus six is eight.8+3= ? How much is eight plus three? 10-8=2 Eight from ten leaves two.Ten minus eight is two.4×3=12 Four times three is twelve.16/4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.Sixteen divided by four makes four.六.數(shù)詞的其他用法 1.half的用法
1)half作形容詞意為”一半”,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),有兩種結(jié)構(gòu): 結(jié)構(gòu): half a/an +單數(shù)名詞 a half +單數(shù)名詞
半天half a day 半月half a month a half day a half month 半小時(shí)half an hour 半英里half a mile a half hour a half mile 2)half作名詞,常用于half of?結(jié)構(gòu),of??墒∪?但half of后為人稱代詞時(shí),of不可省
一半的工作: half(of)the work 一半的時(shí)間: half(of)the time 一半的書: half(of)the books 一半的房子: half(of)the houses 我們中的一半: half of us 他們中的一半: half of them 3)”一個半”的表示法如下
一個半蘋果a/one apple and a half one and a half apples 一個半小時(shí)a/one hour and a half one and a half hours 2.小數(shù)表示法
小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,小數(shù)點(diǎn)是point,讀作[p?int],”零”是zero,讀作[zi?r?u].0.3 zero point three 0.65 zero point six five 15.96 fifteen point nine six 95.38 ninety-five point three eight 3.百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,在數(shù)字后加percent.5% five percent 30% thirty percent 84% eight-four percent 99% ninety-nine percent 100% one hundred percent 250% two hundred and fifty percent 4.倍數(shù)表示法
1)”增加一倍”用double The price of steel has doubled over the past ten years.鋼的價(jià)格在過去的十年里增加了一倍.2)”比??大長??(n-1)倍”用:倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級 + than +被比部分 That house is three times bigger than this one.那所房子比這所房子大兩倍.The output of cars is four times greater than that of last year.汽車的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了三倍.3)”是??的幾倍”用:倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞 + as +被比部分
This factory is four times as big as that one.這個工廠是那個工廠的四倍大.She has three times as many books as I have.她的書是我的三倍之多.5.年齡表示法 1)一般說法 她13歲.She is thirteen years old.She is thirteen.She is aged thirteen.She is thirteen years of age.2)in one’s +整十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)
“in one’s +整十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示”??多歲了”.Her father is in his thirties.她爸爸三十多歲了.The old woman is in her nineties.這位老奶奶已經(jīng)九十多歲了.3)at the age of at the age of?表示”在??年齡”,常作狀語.He went to school at the age of six.他6歲上學(xué).At the age of nineteen,she joined the Party.她19歲入的黨.6.約數(shù)表示法
約數(shù)表示”多于,大約,左右,以上,不足”等意義,常用表示法如下: 多于→over,more than 少于→less than 大約→about,around 將近→almost,nearly 左右→or so 或??以上→or more
或??以下→or less 在??以下→under
The street is over 2,000 metres long.這條大街有2000多米長.He finished his homework in less than an hour.他不到一小時(shí)就做完了作業(yè).There are about 500 books on the bookshelves.書架上大約有500本書.Almost/Nearly one hundred people swam across the river.將近有100人游過了那條河.The hall can hold 1,000 people or more.這個大廳能容納1000多人.These toys are for children under five.這些玩具是給5歲以下兒童玩的.It will take them four of five days to walk out of the forest.他們要花四五天時(shí)間才能走出森林.The city has changed a lot in the past ten years or so.在過去十年左右的時(shí)間里,這座城市發(fā)生了很大變化.