第一篇:2016年中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) mind用法小結(jié)
mind 用法小結(jié)
mind是兼類詞,既可用作動詞,又可用作名詞。
(一)mind用作動詞
1、意為“當(dāng)心、注意、留心”,后跟名詞或從句,也可單獨使用。Would you please mind your intonation when you speak.? 請你說話時注意語調(diào),好嗎?
2、意為“介意、在乎”,主要用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中,后接名詞、動名詞或從句。I really don’t mind a joke, but this is going too far.我真的并不介意開玩笑,但這玩笑太過分了。Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我抽煙嗎?
Do you mind if I copy your homework? 我抄你家庭作業(yè),你介意嗎?
——I’m sorry I step on your foot.對不起,我踩了你的腳。——Never mind.不要緊。
此時常見的句式有:
①“Would/Do you mind doing something?”意為“勞駕,??好嗎?”或“請問,(你)可否???”常用來表示委婉、客氣的請求。如:
Would you mind taking the new books to the classroom? 勞駕,把書拿到教室好嗎? ② “Would/Do you mind + 人稱代詞賓格或形容詞性物主代詞 + doing something?” 意為“某人做某事,你介意嗎?”。如: Do you mind my closing the window? 我把窗戶關(guān)上,你介意嗎? 需要注意的是:
①“Would you mind...?” 和“Do you mind...?”兩種句式表達相同的意思,只是前者比后者的語氣顯得更客氣、更委婉一些。
②對上述問句,需要使用一些客氣、委婉的方式作反意回答。
如果表示不反對或不介意,常用“No, not at all./Of course not./Certainly not./No, do it please./No, please do./No, go ahead.”等作答。如: ——Do you mind offering me some hot water? 勞駕,提供點熱水給我好嗎? ——No, not at all.沒問題。
如果表示介意、不同意或不贊成某人做某事,回答時一般不要說“Yes, I mind”,這種回答很不客氣,不符合英美人的表達習(xí)慣。通常用“Sorry, but I do.”或“Sorry./I’m sorry./I wish you wouldn’t, you’d better not.”,然后最好再陳述某種表示拒絕或反對的理由。如:
——Do you mind if I smoke here? 我在這里吸煙可以嗎? ——Sorry, but I do.對不起,你不能。
(二)mind用作名詞,意為“腦子、想法”。常見的短語有: ①change one’s mind 改變主意 Nothing can change my mind.什么也不能改變我的想法。②make up one’s mind作出決定
We all have made up our minds to work in the west of China.我們都已經(jīng)決定到中國西部去工作。③keep...in mind記住??
He has kept the experience in mind.他已經(jīng)記住這次經(jīng)歷。【現(xiàn)場測試】 選擇填空
()1.Would you mind____ _more slowly? I can’t follow you.A.speak B.spoke C.spoken D.speaking()2.——Do you mind my taking this seat? ——____ _.It’s for Mr.Smith.A.Not at all
B.Yes, please
C.Yes, of course not D.You’d better not()3.——It’s too hot.Would you mind____ _the door?
——____ _.Please do it now.A.to open, OK B.opening, Certainly not C.opening, Of course D.to open, Good idea()4.—— I’m terribly sorry to have stepped on your foot.——____ _.A.Don’t say that
B.Never mind C.You’re welcome D.That’s right()5.——Do you mind opening the door for me?
——____ _.A.Yes, of course not B.Yes, please C.No, of course not D.No, you can’t open it Key:1-5DDBBC 2
第二篇:中考冠詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
Module 1輔導(dǎo) 中考冠詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
一、概述
冠詞是一種虛詞,一種輔助性的詞,不可在句中獨立擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分,要放在名詞前,幫助說明名詞的含義。
二、冠詞種類
冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an)和定冠詞(the)兩種。
1.定冠詞the,在以輔音音素開頭的詞前讀作[TE],在以元音音素開頭的詞前讀作[Ti],強調(diào)時讀作[ Ti:]。例:the table [TE 5teibl]那張桌子
the animal [Ti 5AnimEl]那只動物 2.定冠詞the,基本含義是“這個,那個”,表示特指。
例: the flower 那朵花
the E-mail 那個電子郵件
3.不定冠詞a和an,基本含義是“
一、一個”,表示泛指。
例:a flower 一朵花
an E-mail
一個電子郵件
三、a 和an 的區(qū)別
a用在輔音音素前,包括以前元音[j]、[w]開首的詞前,讀作[E],強調(diào)時讀作[ei]。注意,這里講的輔音音素指的是發(fā)音,不是指輔音字母。
an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母),讀作[En],強調(diào)時讀作[An]。例:a hotel [hEu5tel]一家旅館
a knife [naif] 一把小刀 a useful tool
[5ju:sful] 一件有用的工具
a university
[7ju:ni5vE:siti] 一所大學(xué) a
European
country
[7juErE5pi(:)En] 一個歐洲國家 a one-eyed man
['wQn5aid] 一個一目失明的人
an hour [5auE]
一小時 an ant [Ant] 一只螞蟻 an honour [5CnE] 一種榮譽 an honest boy [5Cnist] 一個誠實的男孩 an umbrella [Qm5brelE] 一把傘 an onion
[5QnjEn] 一個洋蔥 an eye [ai] 一只眼睛 an ear
[iE] 一只耳朵
an English book [5iN^liF] 一本英語書
an egg
[e^] 一只雞蛋 an apple [5Apl] 一個蘋果 an island
[5ailEnd] 一座島 an uncle
[5QNkl] 一位叔叔 an old man
[Euld] 一位老人 an elephant [5elifEnt] 一頭大象 a D [di:] 一個D(B、C、G、J、K、P、Q、T、U、V、W、Y、Z前也用a)an F [ef] 一個F(A、E、H、I、L、M、N、O、R、S、X前也用an)
四、不定冠詞的用法 表示“一,一個”,用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前
例:There is a picture on the wall.墻上有一幅圖畫。
He has an apple in his hand.他手里拿著一個蘋果。提示
a.a(an)雖表示“一個”,但不強調(diào)數(shù)量,而是強調(diào)類別;one則強調(diào)數(shù)量。
例:I bought a computer.我買了一臺電腦。(不是收音機和電視機)I bought one computer.我買了一臺電腦。(不是兩臺)
Would you like an ice cream? 來一客冰淇淋好嗎?(不是別的食物)She gave one ice cream to them each.她給他們每人一客冰淇淋。(不是兩客)
b.表示數(shù)量對比時,要用one, 不用a(an)。
比:我有一支紅鉛筆,但是他有三支。I have a red pencil, but she has three.(誤)
I have one red pencil, but she has three.(正)
我只需要一美元,但他給了我兩美元。I only want a dollar, but he has given me two.(誤)
I only want one dollar, but he has given me two.(正)表示一類人或物,指同類中的任何一個,a或an不必翻譯
例
Even a child can answer this question.就是小孩子也能回答這個問題。
An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比馬力氣大。
A teacher must be strict with his students.教師必須對學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求。3 第一次提到某人或某物
第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞a或an,起介紹作用。例: A girl wants to see you.一位姑娘要見你。
On a cold evening a stranger came to my house.在一個寒冷的晚上,一個陌生人來到我的住處。4 表示身份、職業(yè)
不定冠詞用于單數(shù)名詞前表示身份、職業(yè),尤其用在作表語或補足語的名詞前。
例:She is a high school teacher.Her name is Li Fang.她是一位中學(xué)教師,名叫李芳。
The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.懷特夫婦想要他們的女兒成為音樂家。提示
表示某個職位在某一時期內(nèi)只有一人擔(dān)任,或表示某人的頭銜,則不用冠詞。
例:He is captain of the team.他是球隊隊長。
Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at English.張飛是他們的班長,英語很棒。用于專有名詞前,表示不認(rèn)識某人 例:A Zhang called you just now.一位姓張的剛才給你打電話。A Mr.Smith wanted to see you.有位史密斯先生想要見你。不定冠詞用在表示數(shù)量、長度、時間等的計數(shù)單位的名詞前,表示“每一”
例:We have three meals a day.我們每天吃三頓飯。
They met each other once a month.他們每月會面一次。
The car moved 100 miles an hour.這輛小汽車以每小時100英里的速度行駛。
The envelopes are one yuan a dozen.信封一打是一元錢。
Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week.愛米莉每周去看奶奶兩次。用于某些結(jié)構(gòu)中 不定冠詞用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中: 結(jié)構(gòu): such a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 quite a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 rather a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
例:It is such a fine day.多么晴朗的一天。
He is quite an honest man.他是個非常誠實的人。
He is rather a gentleman.他真是一位紳士。提示
名詞前若有形容詞修飾,不定冠詞a(an)可以放在quite, rather前面或后面。
例: It is rather a difficult problem.這是相當(dāng)難的一個問題。
It is a rather difficult problem.8 用于某慣用短語中 例:have a cold 患感冒 have a rest
休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a fever
發(fā)燒 have a quarrel
吵架 have a toothache
牙痛 have a dance
跳舞 have a talk 談話 go for a walk 散步 take a bath
洗澡 tell a lie
撒謊
wait a moment
等一會兒 with a light heart
愉快地 with a smile
微笑著 with an effort 努力地 as a result
因此 for a while
一會兒 once in a while
偶爾 for a moment 一會兒
have a word with sb.同某人談話 have a try
試一下 have a good time
玩得高興 have a look
看一看 have a headache 頭痛 have a good sleep
好好睡一覺 have a nice trip
旅途愉快 have(/take)a walk
散步 make a face
做鬼臉 in a hurry
匆忙地 do sb.a favour
幫某人忙 take an active part in 積極參加 live a happy life
過幸福生活 give a lesson
教一堂課 at a time
每次 as a whole
作為整體 all of a sudden
突然 once upon a time
從前 in a word
總之 不定冠詞與so, as, too, how等連用時的位置
如果修飾名詞的形容詞前有so, as, too, how等副詞,不定冠詞一般放在形容詞和名詞之前。結(jié)構(gòu): so as too how +形容詞+ a(an)+名詞
例:He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是像湯姆一樣聰明的孩子。
It is so high a wall that we can't climb it.這堵墻非常高,我們爬不上去。
How beautiful a bird it is!這是一只多漂亮的鳥啊!
It is too wide a rive for me to swim across.這條河太寬,我游不過去。It too difficult a book for beginners.這本書對初學(xué)者來說太難了。I've never seen so tall a tree.我從沒見過這么市制樹。
=I've never seen such a tall tree.提示
half 常放在不定冠詞前,但在美國英語中,half也可放在不定冠詞后。例: half an apple 半個蘋果 a half apple half a day 半天 a half day half an hour
半個小時 a half hour half a mile
半英里 a half mile
五、定冠詞the 的用法 表示“一,一個”,用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前
例:There is a picture on the wall.墻上有一幅圖畫。
He has an apple in his hand.他手里拿著一個蘋果。提示
a.a(an)雖表示“一個”,但不強調(diào)數(shù)量,而是強調(diào)類別;one則強調(diào)數(shù)量。
例:I bought a computer.我買了一臺電腦。(不是收音機和電視機)I bought one computer.我買了一臺電腦。(不是兩臺)
Would you like an ice cream? 來一客冰淇淋好嗎?(不是別的食物)She gave one ice cream to them each.她給他們每人一客冰淇淋。(不是兩客)
b.表示數(shù)量對比時,要用one, 不用a(an)。
比:我有一支紅鉛筆,但是他有三支。I have a red pencil, but she has three.(誤)
I have one red pencil, but she has three.(正)
我只需要一美元,但他給了我兩美元。
I only want a dollar, but he has given me two.(誤)
I only want one dollar, but he has given me two.(正)表示一類人或物,指同類中的任何一個,a或an不必翻譯 例
Even a child can answer this question.就是小孩子也能回答這個問題。
An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比馬力氣大。
A teacher must be strict with his students.教師必須對學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求。3 第一次提到某人或某物
第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞a或an,起介紹作用。
例: A girl wants to see you.一位姑娘要見你。
On a cold evening a stranger came to my house.在一個寒冷的晚上,一個陌生人來到我的住處。用在表示方向、方位的名詞前 這類詞有: the east東方,the west西方,the south南方,the north北方,the right右邊,the left左邊
例:The birds are flying to the north.這些鳥向北方飛去。
The moon rises in the east and sets in the west.月亮從東方升起,在西方落下。
The wind was blowing from the south.風(fēng)從南方吹來。
She lived to the west of the Summer Palace.她住在頤和園的西邊。
Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right.沿著這條路往前走,在第一個路口往右拐。He stood at the back of the door.他站在門背后。提示
方位詞成對使用構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)時,不用定冠詞。
例:The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east.這條河自西向2000公里長。
They traveled through the country from south to north.他們自南向北在這個國家旅行。6 用在形容詞最高級前
例:Summer is the hottest season of the year.夏天是一年中最炎熱的季節(jié)。
She is the best person for the job.她是最適合這個工作的人。
Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。
The car is the most expensive of the four.這部車是四部車中最貴的。7 用在序數(shù)詞等前
定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前,也用在表示序列的next, last等前,還有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的詞前。
例:The first man to land on the moon is an American.第一個登上月球的人是美國人。She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain.她是第五個到達山頂?shù)娜恕?/p>
This may be the last chance.這可能是最后一次機會。
If I miss this train I'll catch the next one.如果趕不上這趟火車,我就趕下一趟。
He is the only person who knows the secret.他是唯一一個知道這個秘密的人。
The two coats are of the same colour.這兩件外衣顏色相同。
This is the very book I want.這正是我要的書。(用very表示強調(diào))提示 a 序數(shù)詞表示“又一”時,前面用不定冠詞a(an)例:He bought a second pair of shoes.他又買了一雙鞋。
He asked a question, then a second, then a third…他問了一個問題,又問了第二個,第三個……
b 序數(shù)詞用作狀語或表語時,前面不加定冠詞。
例:George arrived first.喬治第一個到。
=George was the first person to arrive.Jim and Jack are both second in the match.湯姆和杰克在比賽中并列第二。8 用在單數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或物,強調(diào)整個類別
例:The orange is a kind of fruit.橘子是一種水果。
The horse is a useful animal.馬是一種有用的動物。
The computer is important to us.電腦對我們來說是重要的。提示
不定冠詞+單數(shù)名詞,不帶冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞也可表示一類人或物。例:A car runs faster than a bus.小汽車比公交車跑得快。Cars run faster than buses.A dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠實的動物。
Dogs are faithful animals.9 用在樂器名詞前,表示演奏 例:She can play the piano.她會彈鋼琴。
He plays the violin very well.他小提琴拉得很好。
He played the guitar for the children.他給孩子們彈了吉他。提示
但樂器名詞表示具體的器物,或表示課程時,不加the.例:He bought a piano last month.他上個月買了一架鋼琴。
She taught piano in the school.她在學(xué)校里教鋼琴。用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群島、山脈的名稱前
例:the Yangtze River 長江 the Red Sea 紅海 the West Lake 西湖
the Pacific 太平洋 the Himalayas 喜馬拉雅山 the Nile 尼羅河
the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈 the South China Sea 南中國海
六、提示 例外的情況: Mount Tai 泰山 China Daily 《中國日報》 11 用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前 例:the Great Wall 長城 the United Nations 聯(lián)合國 the New York Times
《紐約時報》 the United States of America
美國 the Red Cross Hospital
紅十字醫(yī)院 the Olympic Games 奧林匹克運動會
the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火車站
the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 the North Pole 北極
the People's Daily
《人民日報》 用在某些形容詞前,表示一類人或物或某種抽象概念 例: the old 老年人 the happy
幸福的人 the poor 窮人 the aged
老人 the sick
病人
the impossible
不可能的事 the young 年輕人 the rich 富人 the blind 盲人 the wounded
傷員 the smooth
順事
the beautiful
美,美的東西 The rich should help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。
The good is what people like.人們總是喜歡美好的東西。
The wounded have been sent to the hospital.傷員已經(jīng)被送到醫(yī)院去了。用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人
例:The Greens will more to the country.格林一家要搬到鄉(xiāng)下去。The Wangs came to see us yesterday.王家一家人昨天來看我們。The Browns are very friendly.布朗夫婦都很友好。14 用在表示計算單位的名詞前,含有“每,每一”的意思
例:Jim is paid by the hour.吉姆的工資按小時付。
Eggs are sold by the kilogram.雞蛋按千克出售。
This cloth is sold by the yard.這種布按碼出售。
It sells at three dollars the pound.它以每磅三美元出售。
They sell sugar by the pound.他們按磅賣糖。用在前面已提到過的人的身體部位或衣著的名詞前
這種用法是先把整個對象說出來,然后再說到那個對象的身體的局部或衣著。
結(jié)構(gòu): 動詞(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take)
+sb.+介詞(in, on, by, across)+身體部位或衣著
例:She touched him on the shoulder.她碰了碰他的肩。
He took the girl by the hand.他拉著小女孩的手。
He hit her on the nose.他打了她的鼻子。
The stone struck the man in the eye.石頭擊中了那人的眼睛。I caught her by the right hand.我抓住她的右手。
比:她拍了拍那男孩的頭。
She patted the boy on his head.(誤,本結(jié)構(gòu)中身體部位或衣著前不用one's)
She patted the boy on the head.(正)16 用在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前,表示年代,也指人的大約歲數(shù)
例:The war broke out in the forties.那場戰(zhàn)爭發(fā)生在40年代。
He went abroad in the 1980s.他在20世紀(jì)80年代出國的。
The old man is in the seventies.老人大約七十幾歲。17 用在表示自然現(xiàn)象的名詞前 這類名詞有: the rain 雨,the wind風(fēng), the fog霧,the snow雪, the air空氣, the storm風(fēng)暴,the snowstorm 暴風(fēng)雪
例:Don't stand in the rain.不要站在雨中。
The wind blew down the trees.風(fēng)把樹刮倒了。
The ship sank in the storm.船在風(fēng)暴中沉沒了。
The rain has cleaned the air.下雨凈潔了空氣。
The fog was so thick that we couldn't see the top of the hill.霧很大,我們看不見山頂。提示
a 這類名詞前有形容詞修飾時,可用不定冠詞,表示“一場,一陣,一種”
例:A cold wind is blowing from the north.冷風(fēng)從北方吹來。
There was a heavy rain last night.昨晚下了一場大雨。
A heavy snow is falling outside.外面正下著大雪。
b
這類名詞表示一般物質(zhì)時,不用冠詞。
例:Rain falls in summer;snow falls in winter.夏天下雨,冬天下雪。Man can't live without air.沒有空氣人不能活。用在某些習(xí)慣用語中 例:
in the morning 在上午 in the evening 在晚上 in the field
在田野里 in the country
在鄉(xiāng)間 in the sun
在陽光下 in the distance
在遠(yuǎn)處 on the right
在右邊 by the way
順便說一下 in the front of 在前部 in the daytime
白天 go to the concert
去聽音樂會 at(/in)the beginning
開始 at the moment
當(dāng)時,此刻 all the year round
一年到頭 go to the cinema
去看電影 go to the theatre 去看戲 at the weekend
周末 in afternoon
在下午 in the night 在夜里 in the sky
在空中 in the dark 在暗處 in the rain 在雨中 in the shade 在陰涼處 on the left
在左邊 all the time
始終
the in the middle of 在中間 on the way home 回家途中 all the same 依然 on the whole
總之 at the same time 同時 on the plane 在飛機上 in the year 2008
在2008年 the other day 前幾天 at the bottom of
在……底部 in the end 終于
on the one hand, on the other 一方面,另一方面 提示
下面幾個短語前不加定冠詞: 例:at dawn 在黎明
hand at night 在晚上 at noon
在正午 at dusk
在黃昏 五,名詞前不用冠詞的情況 1 專有名詞前不用冠詞
專有名詞前不用定冠詞,包括人名、地名、月份、周日、節(jié)日等。例: 月份 January 一月 May
五月
October 十月 周日 Monday 星期一
Friday 星期五 Sunday 星期天
季節(jié) spring 春天 summer
夏天 autumn
秋天 winter
冬天 節(jié)日 Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié)
New Year's Day 元旦 New Year's Eve 除夕 National Day 國慶節(jié) Teacher's Day 教師節(jié)
人名 Mary 瑪麗 Jones 瓊斯
Mr.Brown 布朗先生 Porfessor Smith
史密斯教授 地名 Asia 亞洲 China 中國 Britain 英國 Beijing 北京 New York 紐約 Shanghai Road
上海路
Tian An Men Square
天安門廣場 Spring is coming.春天就要到了。
These birds fly to the south in winter.這些鳥冬天飛往南方。
She came on Friday.她星期五來的。提示
a 如果月份、季節(jié)名詞帶有修飾語,表示特定的時間,要加定冠詞。季節(jié)名詞在上下文中表示特定的一段時間,要加定冠詞。
例:They built the bridge in the spring of 2003.他們是在2003年的春天修建這座橋的。
The fire broke out on the Friday when they were not at home.失火是在星期五,當(dāng)時他們不在家。These animals eat nothing all through the winter.這些動物整個冬天都不吃東西。
b 但要說the Spring Festival(春節(jié)),以festival組成的節(jié)日名稱前要加the.例:the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋節(jié)
the Dragon-boat Festival 端午節(jié) 2 物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時,不用冠詞 例:Water boils at 100℃.水在攝氏100度沸騰。
Rice is grown in the south.南方種水稻。
They are short of food.他們?nèi)鄙偈澄铩L崾?/p>
a 如果物質(zhì)名詞表示特指或有定語修飾,則要加定冠詞。
比:Snow is falling hard.雪正下得很大。
The snow in the field has melted.田里的雪已經(jīng)融化了。
She likes milk very much.她非常喜歡喝牛奶。The milk in the bottle has gone sour.瓶里的牛奶酸了。
b 物質(zhì)名詞用于表示“一客、一杯、一份、一種、一陣”時,要用不定冠詞。
例:I'd like an ice cream.我要一客冰淇淋。
A tea and two coffees, please.請來一杯茶、兩杯咖啡。
There was a heavy rain this morning.今天早上下了一場大雨。抽象名詞表示一般概念時,不用冠詞
例:Friendship is more important than money.友誼比金錢更重要。Does he like music? 他喜歡音樂嗎? Knowledge is power.知識就是力量。Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。提示
a 抽象名詞有定語修飾,表示特指時,要加定冠詞。
例:I like the music of the TV play.我喜歡這部電視劇中的音樂。
b 抽象名詞表示“一種,一類,一次,一番,一例”等概念時,要加不定冠詞。
例:Maths is a science.數(shù)學(xué)是一門科學(xué)。He lives a happy life.他過得幸福的生活。
She has a good knowledge of English.她精通英語。
Let's go for a swim.我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞e had a wash first.他先洗了洗。4 表示一日三餐的名詞前不用冠詞 例:I usually have breakfast at seven.我通常在七點鐘吃早飯。
He doesn't have lunch at home.他通常不在家吃午飯。
Dinner is ready.飯準(zhǔn)備好了。提示
a 三餐名詞前有定語修飾時,特指某一餐,要用不定冠詞。例:We had a wonderful lunch.我們吃了一頓很豐盛的午餐。
They had a nice dinner last night.他們昨晚吃了一頓豐盛的飯。
b 表示某一次具體的餐食,要用定冠詞。
例:The lunch was cooked well.那頓午飯做得很好。
Did you enjoy the dinner at his house? 他家的飯你喜歡嗎?
c meal 常同不定冠詞連用,泛指一頓飯。
例:She cooks a hot meal in the evening.晚上她總會燒一頓熱飯。He had a big meal at his uncle's.他在叔叔家大吃了一頓。表示體育運動、棋牌的名詞前不用冠詞
例:He plays football after school.他放學(xué)后踢足球。
The students are playing basketball over there.學(xué)生們在那邊打籃球。He is good at playing chess.他象棋下得好。
They play cards on Sundays.他們常有星期天打牌。表示學(xué)科、語言的名詞前不用冠詞
例:She teaches English in a middle school.她在一所中學(xué)教英語。Chemistry is not easy to learn.化學(xué)不容易學(xué)。
Can you speak Japanese? 你會說日語嗎?
We have Chinese and mathematics in the morning.我們上午學(xué)習(xí)語文和數(shù)學(xué)。表示稱呼語、職位、頭銜的名詞前不用冠詞
例:Where are my shoes, mom? 我的鞋在哪里,媽媽?
Tom, go and fetch some water.湯姆,去弄點水來。
Now children, listen to me carefully.孩子們,請認(rèn)真聽我講。
Mr.Xu teaches us maths.徐老師教我們數(shù)學(xué)。
President Li will come to our class.李校長將來我們班。
He was once mayor of the city.他曾經(jīng)是這個市的市長。
They made him monitor.他們讓他當(dāng)班長。
John was captain of the team.約翰是隊長。某些交通工具名稱前不用冠詞 by train 乘火車(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租車(= in a taxi)
第三篇:中考冠詞、數(shù)詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
培優(yōu)中考冠詞用法復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)
歌曰:定冠詞用法有規(guī)律,防止遺志很容易。
冠詞是英語中最常見的一種限定詞,它在句子中不能充當(dāng)任何句子成分,所以也不能單獨使用,特指雙方都熟悉,上文已經(jīng)被提及。只能用在名詞前面,說明所指的人或物。冠詞共有兩種:不定冠詞和定冠詞。不定冠詞有a和an,世上無二僅獨一,序數(shù)詞和最高級。定冠詞有the。在實際使用中,還有一種叫零冠詞的,即在名詞的前面不用任何冠詞。
山河海島建筑物,姓氏復(fù)數(shù)奏樂器。
[焦點一]不定冠詞
少數(shù)形表人一類,方位名詞須牢記。1.用法
普構(gòu)專有慣用詞,試用此訣有效率。l)表示數(shù)量有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強。l)特指某人或某物。如________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an
B.The;a C.The;the
D.A;the(2000年青海省)There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A.an B.a
C.the
D.× 2)指雙方都知道的人或事物。如:Where are the new books,Jim? 2)表示某個人或事物,但不具體說明何人或何物,表示泛指。3)指上文提到過的人或物。如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.3):表示人或事物的某一類。4)用在世上獨一無二的事物名詞前。如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc.如:Pass me an apple, please. 5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。如:The third one is carrying the fewest of all.4)表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every\per。6)用在山脈、江河、海洋、島等名詞前。如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island, etc.如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week.
5)表示某一個,相當(dāng)于a certain 7)用在某些建筑物名詞前。如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫婦”。如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc.2 不定冠詞a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前面,an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前面。另外,在表9)用在樂器名詞前。如:the piano, the violin, etc.示一個以輔音音素開頭的字母(如:b,c,d,g,j,k等)時,字母前面用a;在表示一個以元音10)用在少數(shù)名詞化的形容詞前表示一類人或事物。如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.音素開頭的字母(如:a,e,l,m,n等)時,字母前面用an。例如: 11)用在表示方向位置的名詞前。如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.1)(2002年濟南市)This is ________ empty bottle.Could you give me ______ full one? 12)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:the People’s Republic of China, etc.A.a;a
B.an;a
C.the;the
D.×;a 13)用在某些習(xí)慣用語中。如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc.2)(2003年廣西壯族自治區(qū))There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.in the evening 在晚上in the field
在田野里in the country
在鄉(xiāng)間in the sun
在陽光下
A.the
B.×
C.a
D.an on the right
在右邊by the way
順便說一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime
白天
3)(2004年廣東省)----Did you do well in ____________ English exam? go to the concert
去聽音樂會 in the beginning
開始
at the moment
當(dāng)時,此刻
----Yes, I got ____________“A”.all the year round
一年到頭go to the cinema
去看電影go to the theatre 去看戲
A.the;an
B.an;the
C.a;×
D.the;a at the weekend
周末 in the afternoon
在下午in the sky
在空中in the dark 在暗處
3.用于某些固定詞組中。例如:half an apple 半個蘋果 in the rain 在雨中on the left
在左邊all the time
始終in the middle of 在中間
Two hours and a half
half an hour
半個小時as a result
因此
for a while
一會兒
once on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然at the same time 同時in the end 終于 in a while
偶爾
for a moment 一會兒
have a word with sb.同某人談話
have a nice trip
on the one hand, on the other hand
一方面,另一方面 旅途愉快
have(/take)a walk
散步
make a face
做鬼臉
in a hurry
匆忙地
do sb.a [焦點三]不用冠詞的幾種情況:零冠詞的基本用法 favor
幫某人忙
take an active part in 積極參加
live a happy life
過幸福生活
歌曰:下列情況不用冠,名詞之前代詞限; give a lesson
教一堂課
once upon a time
從前
專有名詞不可數(shù),球類學(xué)科與三餐;
(2004年福州市)----Where is Xiao Ming?--He’s having __________ rest over there.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,節(jié)日月份星期前;
A.a B.an
C.the
D.×
顏色語種和國名,稱呼習(xí)語及頭銜。a useful book
一件有用的書
a university
一所大學(xué) 1)當(dāng)名詞前已經(jīng)有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、a European country
一個歐洲國家
a one-eyed man
一個一目失明的人 名詞所有格等修飾限定時,不加冠詞 an hour
一小時
an honor 一種榮譽 如:The letter is in her bag.an honest boy
一個誠實的男孩
an umbrella
一把傘 an uncle
一位叔叔 2)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞等不可數(shù)名詞前。如:China,water,music, etc.
[焦點二]定冠詞主要和名詞連用,表示某個或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下:
3)球類活動、學(xué)科名詞、一日三餐前。4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指。如:They are workers 5)節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)名稱前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示顏色、語言、稱呼語和官職、頭銜的名詞前。Make her monitor 7)某些固定詞組或習(xí)慣用語中。
如:at night noon , go to school, by bus, at home
在家
on time 準(zhǔn)時in time 按時at work 在工作on show
在展出in trouble 處于困境 at first 起初at last
終于in fact
事實上on holiday
在度假on duty
值日 at times
有時候after class
課后at night
在夜間with pleasure
樂意地 8 某些交通工具名稱前不用冠詞 by train 乘火車(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租車(= in a taxi)by plane 乘飛機(=on a plane)by bus 乘公交車(=on a bus)by bike 騎自行車(=on a bike)by car 乘小汽車(=in a car)
on foot 步行 定冠不定冠 意思差千萬
有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞,其意義有所不同。如:1)at table在吃飯;
at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上課;
in the class在班級中 3)go to school去上學(xué);go to the school到那所學(xué)校去 4)go to bed上床睡覺;
go to the bed到床那邊去 5)in front of在…的前面;
in the front of在…的前部.6)take place 發(fā)生,舉行 take one's place
代替某人(的工作)
7)on earth
究竟,到底(用于加強語氣)on the earth
在地球上
8)four of them
他們當(dāng)中4人(不只4人)he four of them
他們4人(共計4人)9)next week(month)下周(下個月)(以現(xiàn)在看將來)
the next week(month)
第二周(下個月)(在過去某一時間之后)10)in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里(不一定生病)11)a number of 許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))
the number of ……的數(shù)量(修飾可數(shù)名詞,作主語是謂語動詞用單數(shù))13 兩個平行、并列的名詞前不用冠詞
例:arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side
肩并肩one by one 一個接一個
hand in hand
手拉手
face to face
面對面
day by day 一天一天的day and night
日日夜夜
中考考點冠詞練習(xí)
舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!
1.-What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be ________ artist when I grow up.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./ 2.-Are you ________ Chinese or American?-Chinese.But I was brought up in New York.A.an
B./
C.the
D.one 3.-Where is Tom?
-He's having ________ rest over there.A.a
B.an
C.the
D.不填
4.Antonia is ________ American girl.She studies in ________ university in Changsha.A.the;a
B.a;a
C.an;a
D.an; an 5.-Have you got ________ E-mail address?-Oh yes.Mine is hfc2008@sohu.com.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
6.-Have you seen ________ magazine? I left it here a moment ago.-Is it________ new English magazine? I saw it was taken away by Bruce.A.a; a
B.a;an
C.a; the
D.the; the 7.We can't see ________sun at ________ night.A.a,/ B.a,the
C.the,/
D.the,the
8.This is ________song I've told you about.Isn't it ________beautiful song? A.the;the B.a; a
C.the; a
D.a; the 9.-Did you enjoy your stay in Guangzhou?
-Yes.We had ________ wonderful time in the White Clouds Hill.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
10.Jim is good at ________ piano.He does well in ________ football,too.A.playing,playing
B.playing,playing the C.playing the,to play
D.playing the,playing
11.There's ________apple tree in front of ________house.A.an,/ B.the,the
C.an,the
D.a,the
12.It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.A.an,a B.a,an
C.an,/
D.a,/ 練習(xí)與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績!
1.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.2.---Do you like playing _________ football?
---Yes.But I have only _________ basketball.3.Do you know _______girl on ________ other side of ________ lake?
4.There's ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.5.She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.6.His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7.Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?
8.Don't make any noise in ______class.9.He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11.Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night.________ film was about ______ kind doctor.一、數(shù)詞的分類 1.基數(shù)詞
表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下: A.從1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從 11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。C.從 21——99 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時,在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位數(shù)
個數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數(shù)以上
從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“,”。從右開始,第一個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時,不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時,基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大廳里有數(shù)以百計的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and
Horses every day.
每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡骸?/p>
G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代,用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多歲時成為了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十來歲時死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能
基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。
The two happily opened the box.兩個人高興地打開了盒子。(作主語)I need three altogether.我總共需要三個。(作賓語)
Four students are playing volleyball outside.四個學(xué)生在外面打排球。(作定語)We are sixteen.我們是16個人。(作表語)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他們?nèi)齻€人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。(作同位語)2.序數(shù)詞
表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式: A.從第一至第十九
其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九
整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth
表示第幾十幾時,用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞
由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式
有時,序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E.序數(shù)詞的句法功能
序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。
The second is what I really need.第二個是我真正需要的。(作主語)He choose the second.他挑選了第二個。(作賓語)
We are to carry out the first plan.我們將執(zhí)行第一個計劃。(作定語)She is the second in our class.在我們班她是第二名。(作表語)
注:序數(shù)詞在使用時,通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時,則表示“再——”,“又——”。
We'll go over it a second time.我們得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了,還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?
另外,基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可,不需要添加定冠詞。the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
二、時刻表示法
1.表示幾點鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 讀作 five o'clock 或 five 2.表示幾點過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時 five past seven 七點過五分 half past six 六點半
a quarter past eight 八點過一刻 seven past eight 八點過七分
3.表示幾點差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時 ten to eight 差十分八點(七點五十分)
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(十一點四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六點(五點四十分)
在日常生活中,常用下列簡單方法表示時間。以小時、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one 10:26讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five
注:時刻表上的時間大多采用24小時表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。
三、年月表示法
1.世紀(jì)可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示,也可以用定冠詞加百位進數(shù)加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世紀(jì)
the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世紀(jì) the 1900's 二十世紀(jì) the 1600's 十七世紀(jì)
這里,用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀(jì)比這一百位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身多一個世紀(jì)。2.年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成
in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀(jì)三十年代
in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世紀(jì)六十年代 In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.在十九世紀(jì)七十年代當(dāng)馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲時,他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國的形勢很重要,便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語。
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920's 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the mid-1950's 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法
A.年份用基數(shù)詞表示,一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,讀時可以以hundred為單位,也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來讀。
1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 253 讀作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in,使用year時,year放在數(shù)詞之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。
B.月份,在哪個月用介詞in加第一個字母大寫的月份詞表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。為了簡便起見,月份與日期連用時,月份常用縮寫形式表示。縮寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個字母表示,但September除外。January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月 November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月
注:這里縮寫形式后面加點不能省略,因為它是表示縮寫形式的符號。C.日期用定冠詞the加序數(shù)詞表示。在哪一天要添加介詞on。National Day is on Oct.1.國慶節(jié)是十月一日。(讀作 October first)此句也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(讀作March first或 the first of March)
5.表示不具體、不確切的時間,如世紀(jì)、年代、年份、月份時,用介詞in表示,表示具體確切的某一天用介詞on表示通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是,當(dāng)這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語,把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時,介詞in應(yīng)改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語、名詞、形容詞、定語從句等。
On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.在一個寒冷的早晨,這個老人孤獨地死在自己的房子里。
I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.我不愿意在我必須學(xué)習(xí)的晚上被打擾。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.這次事故發(fā)生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning.星期一早晨我們將進行一次小測驗。
四、加減乘除表示法
1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等詞表示。2+3=? 可表示為: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five.
If we add two to/and three, we get five.二加三等于五 2.“減”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4Ten minus six is four.
Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four.十減去六等于四 3.“乘”用time(動詞)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve.
Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二 4.“除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示
16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4Sixteen divided by four is four.
Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。
五、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
1.分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的。基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時,如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù);小于1,名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個半小時(讀作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
3.表示“n次方”的說法:指數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,底數(shù)用基數(shù)詞。
10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小數(shù)表示法
1.小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示,以小數(shù)點為界,小數(shù)點左首的數(shù)字為一個單位,表示整數(shù),數(shù)字合起來讀;小數(shù)點右首的數(shù)字為一個單位,表示小數(shù),數(shù)字分開來讀;小數(shù)點讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o[ou],整數(shù)部分為零時,可以省略不讀。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點四 10.23 ten point two three 十點二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點六七 l.03 one point o three 一點零三
2.當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時,小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),數(shù)字值小于1時,小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點零三米 0.49 ton 零點四九噸 l.5 tons 一點五噸
七、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)+percent表示 50% fifty percent
百分之五十 3% three percent
百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零點一二
這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent這一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之幾中percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
八、數(shù)量表示法
1.表示長、寬、高、面積等,用基數(shù)詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length,width,height,weight等)表示。
two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬 This box is 2 kilograms in weight.這個盒子有兩千克重。
The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墻是12米寬,12米高。2.表示時間、距離時,使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。five minutes' walk步行五分鐘(的距離)
It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)是乘車一小時的路程。或:從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)需要乘車一小時。
It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠(yuǎn)。3.表示溫度時,用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度用基數(shù)詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏)表示。
thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 攝氏 36度
four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度
Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在華氏三十二度時結(jié)冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在攝氏一百度時沸騰。這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時,可以省略。
You are 37℃.(讀作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(攝氏)It's seven degrees below zero.今天是零下七度。(攝氏)
4.由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語作定語時,其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式,名詞性短語中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。
It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.從圖書館到操場需要走五分鐘。She's a sixteen-year-old girl.她是個十六歲的女孩。5.表示“比···大(或)幾倍”的說法。
This room is two times bigger than that one.這個房間比那個(房間)大兩倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年齡比他大兩倍。
第四篇:英語倒裝句用法小結(jié)
倒裝句
一般來說,倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝,有的倒裝是因為語法需要而出現(xiàn)的,有的倒裝則是因為結(jié)構(gòu)平衡的需要而出現(xiàn)的。
一、完全倒裝(主謂倒裝)是指把謂語全部提到主語的前面。例:In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1.以here, there,now, then引導(dǎo)的句子,要完全倒裝。這種句子中的謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞。如:Here comes the train!/ There goes the bell!注意:若代詞作主語,只把該副詞提前主謂語序不變。Here he comes./ Here it is.2句首是擬聲詞或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副詞,句子要完全倒裝。(注意,這時句子的主語也必須是名詞。如果是人稱代詞,也不能使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。)如:Up went the rocket./Up it went.3.介詞短語作狀語在句首,句子要完全倒裝。注意,這時句子的謂語動詞通常是不及物動詞。如:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表語置于句首,且主語較長或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句子要用全部倒裝。如:Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所說的情況也適合于后者,其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“so/ neither/ nor+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞”,這里的主語同前一個句子的主語指的是同一人或物。如:She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒裝(助動詞倒裝)是指把謂語的一部分(助動詞)提到主語的前面。例: Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑問句中。如:How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?
2.if 從句中如有 were(had , should), if 省去后,要部分倒裝,把were,had,should提到主語前面
如: If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him
3.as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,要部分倒裝(表語、狀語倒裝)。有以下幾種形式:(1)副詞置于句首
Much as I like it(=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.(2)動詞置于句首
Wait as you may(= Although you may wait), he will not see you.(3).形容詞或名詞置于句首
Proud as the nobles are(=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is(=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意:如果名詞前有形容詞修飾時,as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。如: A bad-tempered man as he is(=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首為否定詞或否定意義的詞語時,句子要部分倒裝
(not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly(scarcely), no sooner, not once, at no time,...)
Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引導(dǎo)狀語,或not until 引導(dǎo)的狀語在句首,主句要部分倒裝。如: Only then did I realize the important of English./ Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only 修飾的是句子的其它成分,則無須倒裝
Only socialism can save China.(only修飾句子的主語,仍用正常語序)
6.not only...but also...引導(dǎo)兩個并列句,前倒后不倒。如:
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或頻度副詞(短語)開頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
Many a time has John given me good advice./ Often have we made that test.8.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!
9.so或so引導(dǎo)的短語放在句首,要部分倒裝。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so?that結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。有時要強調(diào)so 所修飾的形容詞或副詞,常將so連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時,主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如: He
runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒裝)
10.狀語位于句首表示強調(diào)或使句子平衡,或使上下文緊密銜接,句子要部分倒裝。
第五篇:英語過去完成時用法小結(jié)
中招英語
過去完成時用法小結(jié)
一、過去完成時適用場合1.過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。這個過去的時間常用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我們到劇場時戲已經(jīng)開始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬多病人。
2.過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或還要持續(xù)下去,常與for,since等詞連用。如:
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部隊干了十年,去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告訴我他從小就認(rèn)識她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英國深造前,已學(xué)了八年英語。
3.在一段情景連貫的文字中,先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時,要用過去完成時。如:
Tom flew home, but his father had already died.湯姆乘飛機回家,他的父親卻已經(jīng)去世了。
4.過去完成時也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他剛離開房間,他們就議論起他來。
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開始就被叫停。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用這樣的語調(diào)跟我講話,這是第一次。
二、過去完成時與一般過去時的比較
1.當(dāng)一個由before, after, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的動作和主句的動作緊接著發(fā)生時,兩個動作均可用一般過去時來表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后,我們吃早飯。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月臺時火車剛開走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他們一到地里就開始耕地。
2.按時間順序敘述兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作時,用一般過去時。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走進屋子,打開燈,坐在桌子旁。
3.在表示某人過去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“計劃”、“想法”、“許諾”等時,hope, mean, plan, think, intend等謂語動詞常用過去完成時。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本來希望昨晚回來的,但沒搭上火車。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我們本想早回來的,但他們不讓我們走。
4.在表示過去的句子中出現(xiàn)常與完成時態(tài)連用的詞,如:already,yet,since,for,ever,中招英語
never及次數(shù)名詞等時,常用過去完成時來表示。
When we got there the basketball match had already started.我們到那里時,籃球賽已經(jīng)開始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人說他想到他從未去過的地方去。
5.如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示具體的過去時間的狀語,句子的內(nèi)容為過去的實際情況或句子的內(nèi)容為歷史事實時,句中的動詞時態(tài)常用一般過去時。如:
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老師說是哥倫布最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。
6.表述說話人始料未及的事情時,句子的謂語動詞常用一般過去時。由于受漢語表述習(xí)慣的影響,常會用錯時態(tài)。
Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克,你也在這啊!我沒有看見你。
隨講隨練
1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全國II卷]
A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned
2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]
A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given
3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]
A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left
4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重慶卷]
A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing
5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped
6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]
A.started;had already hidden
B.had started;had already hidden
C.had started;was hiding
D.was starting;hid
7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江蘇卷]
A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun
8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?
— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?
A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize
Key:1-8 DCDCCABA