第一篇：With復合結構的用法小結[范文]

With復合結構的用法小結

with結構是許多英語復合結構中最常用的一種。學好它對學好復合賓語結構、不定式復合結構、動名詞復合結構和獨立主格結構均能起很重要的作用。

一、with結構的構成 它是由介詞with或without+復合結構構成，復合結構作介詞with或without的復合賓語，復合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當，第二

部分補足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當，分詞可以是現在分詞，也可以是過去分詞。

With結構構成方式如下：

1.with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞；

2.with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞；

3.with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語；

4.with或without-名詞/代詞 +動詞不定式；

5.with或without-名詞/代詞 +分詞。

下面分別舉例：

1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名詞+形容詞，作伴隨狀語）

2、With the meal over，we all went home.（with+名詞+副詞，作時間狀語）

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名詞+介詞短語，作伴隨狀語。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名詞+不定式，作伴隨狀語）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代詞 +不定式，作條件狀語）

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名詞+現在分詞，作伴隨狀語）Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代詞+過去分詞，作為原因狀語）

二、with結構的用法

在句子中with結構多數充當狀語，表示行為方式，伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件（詳見上述例句）。

With結構在句中也可以作定語。例如：

1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with結構的特點

1.with結構由介詞with或without+復合結構構成。復合結構中第一部分與第二部分語法上是賓語和賓語補足語關系，而在邏輯上，卻具有主謂關系，也就是說，可以用第一部分作主語，第二部分作謂語，構成一個句子。例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning.→（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them.→（Her hair was gone.）

2.在with結構中，第一部分為人稱代詞時，則該用賓格代詞。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、幾點說明：

1.with結構在句子中的位置： with 結構在句中作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因時一般放在 句子前面，并用逗號與句子分開；表示方式和伴隨狀況時一般放在句子后面，不用逗號分開。若with結構作定語，則放在所修飾的名詞之后，一般不用逗號隔開。

2.with結構作狀語時，不定式、現在分詞、和過去分詞的區別： 在with結構中，不定式、現在分詞作賓補，表示主動，但是不定式表示將要發生的動作，而現在分詞表示正在發生或發生了的動作；過去分詞表示被動或完成。

例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已領過路）

With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天將領路）

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寢室被關著）

3.with結構與一般的with短語的區別： with結構具有上述功能和特點，而“介詞with+名詞或代詞（組）”組成的一般的with短語在句子中可以作定語和狀語。作狀語時，它能表示動作的方式、原因，但不能表示時間、伴隨和條件。在一般的with短語中，with后面所跟的不是復合結構，也根本沒有邏輯上的主謂關系。

4.with結構與獨立主格結構的關系： with結構屬于獨立主格結構，但在結構上，with結構由介詞with或without引導，名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾，結構較松散；而獨立主格結構沒有with或without引導，結構嚴密，名詞前可用可不用修飾語。在句法功能上，with結構可以作定語，獨立主格結構則不能；獨立主格結構通常在句中作狀語，但也可以作主語，而with結構則不能。

獨立主格在口語中不常用，往往由一個從句代替，而with結構較口語化，較常用。例如：

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.（“with+復合賓語”結構，在句中作定語）

A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.（名詞+現在分詞構成的獨立主格結構，作主語）

The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.（獨立主格結構，表示伴隨狀況或行為方式，作狀語）

Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.（名詞+介詞短語構成的獨立主格結構，作狀語，表示伴隨情況）board，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代詞+過去分詞，作為原因狀語）

with復合結構專項練習

（一）1.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.A.finished

B.finishing C.having finished

D.was finished

2.Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ________? A.taking

B.Take

C.taken

D.to take

3.You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much.A.for

B.when

C.with

D.while

4.----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.A.filled

B.filling C.to fill

D.being filled

5.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽）A.finished

B.finishing C.having finished

D.was finished

6.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）

A.going on

B.goes on

C.went on

D.to go on

7._______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.（2005江西）

A.Having given up hope of cure

B.With no hope for cure C.There being hope for cure

D.In the hope of cure

8.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)

A.With

B.Besides C.As for

D/ Because of

9.It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)A.for

B.with C.from

D.of

10.______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(2000 全國卷)A.As

B.For

C.With

D.Through

答案：

1． A

2.C

3.C

4.B

5.A

6.A

7.B

8.A

9.B

10.C

第二篇：with的復合結構用法小結（小編推薦）

With 復合結構用法小結

“With + 復合結構”又稱為“with結構”，在句中表狀態或說明背景情況，常做伴隨，方式，原因，條件等狀語。具體結構如下： 1.With + 名詞 + 介詞短語 ?

(1)He was asleep with his head on his arm.?(2)The man came in with a whip in his hand.?

在書面語中。上句也可以說成：The man came in, whip in hand.2．with + 名詞 + 形容詞（強調名詞的特性或狀態）?

(1)With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.天氣這么悶熱，十之八九要下雨。?

(2)He used to sleep with the windows open.3.With + 名詞 + 副詞 ?

(1)With John away, we've got more room.約翰走了，我們的地方大了一些。?(2)The square looks more beautiful than ever with all the light on.4.With + 名詞 +-ed 分詞（強調名詞是-ed分詞動作的承受者或動作已經發生）

?(1)With this problem solved, neopenicillin 1 is now in regular production.隨著這個問題的解決，新霉素一號現在已正式生產。?(2)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.5.with + 名詞 +-ing分詞（強調名詞是-ing分詞的動作的發出者或某動作，狀態正在進行）?

(1)I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.?(2)He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.?

(3)With the field leveled and irrigation channels controlling the volume of water(水量), no such problem arose again.6.with + 名詞 + to do（不定式動作尚未發生）?

(1)So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops.由于下午無事可做，我就去書店轉了轉。?(2)I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.一、with結構的構成

它是由介詞with或without+復合結構構成，復合結構作介詞with或without的復合賓語，復合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當，第二部分補足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當，分詞可以是現在分詞，也可以是過去分詞。With結構構成方式如下：

1.with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞；

2.with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞；

3.with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語；

4.with或without-名詞/代詞 +動詞不定式；

5.with或without-名詞/代詞 +分詞。

下面分別舉例：

1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名詞+形容詞，作伴隨狀語）

2、With the meal over，we all went home.（with+名詞+副詞，作時間狀語）

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名詞+介詞短語，作伴隨狀語。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名詞+不定式，作伴隨狀語）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代詞 +不定式，作條件狀語）

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名詞+現在分詞，作伴隨狀語）Without anything left in the with結構是許多英語復合結構中最常用的一種。學好它對學好復合賓語結構、不定式復合結構、動名詞復合結構和獨立主格結構均能起很重

要的作用。本文就此的構成、特點及用法等作一較全面闡述，以幫助同學們掌握這一重要的語法知識。

二、with結構的用法

在句子中with結構多數充當狀語，表示行為方式，伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件（詳見上述例句）。

With結構在句中也可以作定語。例如：

1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with結構的特點

1.with結構由介詞with或without+復合結構構成。復合結構中第一部分與第二部分語法上是賓語和賓語補足語關系，而在邏輯上，卻具有主謂關系，也就是說，可以用第一部分作主語，第二部分作謂語，構成一個句子。例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning.→（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them.→（Her hair was gone.）

2.在with結構中，第一部分為人稱代詞時，則該用賓格代詞。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、幾點說明：

1.with結構在句子中的位置： with 結構在句中作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因時一般放在句子前面，并用逗號與句子分開；表示方式和伴隨狀況時一般放在句子后面，不用逗號分開。若with結構作定語，則放在所修飾的名詞之后，一般不用逗號隔開。

2.with結構作狀語時，不定式、現在分詞、和過去分詞的區別： 在with結構中，不定式、現在分詞作賓補，表示主動，但是不定式表示將要發生的動作，而現在分詞表示正在發生或發生了的動作；過去分詞表示被動或完成。

例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已領過路）

With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天將領路）

He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寢室被關著）

3.with結構與一般的with短語的區別： with結構具有上述功能和特點，而“介詞with+名詞或代詞（組）”組成的一般的with短語在句子中可以作定語和狀語。作狀語時，它能表示動作的方式、原因，但不能表示時間、伴隨和條件。在一般的with短語中，with后面所跟的不是復合結構，也根本沒有邏輯上的主謂關系。

4.with結構與獨立主格結構的關系： with結構屬于獨立主格結構，但在結構上，with結構由介詞with或without引導，名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾，結構較松散；而獨立主格結構沒有with或without引導，結構嚴密，名詞前可用可不用修飾語。在句法功能上，with結構可以作定語，獨立主格結構則不能；獨立主格結構通常在句中作狀語，但也可以作主語，而with結構則不能。

獨立主格在口語中不常用，往往由一個從句代替，而with結構較口語化，較常用。例如：

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.（“with+復合賓語”結構，在句中作定語）

A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.（名詞+現在分詞構成的獨立主格結構，作主語）

The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.（獨立主格結構，表示伴隨狀況或行為方式，作狀語）

Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.（名詞+介詞短語構成的獨立主格結構，作狀語，表示伴隨情況）board，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代詞+過去分詞，作為原因狀語）

第三篇：There be句型和with復合結構的用法（范文）

There be句型的用法

一、構成：

There be...句型表示的是 “某處有(存在)某人或某物”，其結構為There be(is，are，was, were)+名詞+地點狀語。例如： 1.There are fifty-two students in our class.2.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.3.There was an old house by the river five years ago.二、各種句式：

否定句：There be句型否定句式的構成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”來表示。即：no + n.（名詞）= not aanany + n.（名詞）。注意：no + n.（可數名詞單數）= not aan + n.（可數名詞單數）；no + n.（可數名詞復數）= not any + n.（可數名詞復數）；no + n.（不可數名詞）= not any + n.（不可數名詞）。例如： 1.There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.→There is no orange in her bag.2.There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.→There are no oranges in her bag.3.There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.→There is no juice in the bottle.一般疑問句：There be結構的一般疑問句變化只需把be動詞移到句首，再在句尾加上問號即可。例如：

1.There is some money in her handbag.→ Is there any money in her handbag?(疑問句和否定句中，some改為any，something改為anything.)2.There is something new in today’s newspaper.→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?

特殊疑問句：

There be句型的特殊疑問句有以下三種形式：

① 對主語提問：當主語是人時，用 “Who’s + 介詞短語?”；當主語是物時，用 “What’s + 介詞短語?”。其中there在口語中常常省略。注意：無論原句的主語是單數還是復數，對其提問時一般都用be的單數形式(回答時卻要根據實際情況來決定)。如：

There is a bird in the tree.→What’s in the tree?

There are some bikes over there.→What’s over there? There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

② 對地點狀語提問：用 “Where is are + 主語?”表示（注意其答語變化）：例如：

There is a computer in my office.→ Where is the computer?----It’s in my office.There are four children in the classroom.→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.③ 對數量提問：一般有兩種提問方式：

如果主語是可數名詞，無論是單數還是復數，都用“How many +可數名詞復數 + are there + 介詞短語？”表示：

There are twelve months in a year.→How many months are there in a year? There is only one book in my bag.→ How many books are there in your bag? There is a cat in the box.→ How many cats are there in the box?

如果主語是不可數名詞，則用“ How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 介詞短語？”表示： There is some money in my purse.How much money is there in

your purse?

反意疑問句：There be或There加其它動詞，其反意疑問句一律用…there? 例如： There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there? There used to be no school here, used there did there?

三、注意事項：

1.There be句型中be動詞的形式要和其后的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。如果句子的主語是單數的可數名詞，或是不可數名詞，be動詞用“is”“was”。例如： There is a basketball in the box.There is a little milk in the glass.如果句子的主語是復數名詞，be動詞就用“are” “were”。例如： There are many birds in the tree.There were many people in the street yesterday.如果有兩個或兩個以上的名詞作主語，be動詞要和最靠近它的那個主語在數上保持一致，也就是我們常說的 “就近原則”。例如：

There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.2.There與be中間可插入一些表推測的情態動詞、表時態的短語和一些動詞短語(如和將來時be going to will、現在完成時

havehas + pp.、used to結構等連用，注意其構成形式,這一內容在我們日常練習中經常出現錯誤,是一難點,也是歷年中考試題中的一個考點.)。例如：

There must be a pen in the box.There happened to be some money in my pocket.There is going to be a meeting tonight.There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.There used to be a church across from the bank.3.There be句型和havehas的區別：

There be句型表示 “存在有”, havehas表示 “擁有” “所有”,兩者不能同時使用.例如： 桌子上有三本書.There are three books on the desk.我有三本書.I have three books.4.There be + 主語 + doing +介詞短語.例如： There is a truck collecting rubish outside.There is a wallet lying on the ground.四、there be 結構的高級句型： 1.There is no doubt that....毫無疑問......There was no doubt that he was telling the truth, but his mother didn’t believe him.2.There is some doubt whether...尚有疑問.....There is some doubt whether he can overcome the difficulty.3.There is no need to do sth.(=It is unnecessary to do sth.)沒有必要做.....There is no need to tell such bad news to her.4.There is no sense in doing sth.做.....沒有意義

There is no sense in waiting here without knowing when he will be back.5.There is no use(in)doing sth.(= It is useless to do sth.)做某事沒用

There is no use crying the spilt milk.6.There is no denying...(=It is impossible to tell...)無可否認（抵賴）......There is no denying the fact that Japan invaded China.7.There is no telling...(It is impossible to tell...)無法知道......There is no telling who will win the game as both players are very excellent.練習：

1.There isn’t _____water in the glass.Let’s go and get some.A.many B.lots C.any D.some 2.There ___a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night.A.was B.had C.is D.were 3.There ____ many changes in the village recently.A.is B.are C.have been D.to be 4.---There _______a lot of meat on the plate.Would you like some?---Just a little, please.A.is

B.are

C.am

D.be 5.There _______ some books, a ballpen and a ruler on the desk.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has 6.There _______ a ballpen, a ruler and some books on the desk.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has 7.There is a boy _______at the door.A.stand

B.standing

C.stood

D.is standing 8.---_______is in the house?---There is an old women in the house.A.What

B.Whose

C.Who

D.Which 9.There used to be a tower here, _____?

A.usedn’t it B.used there C.didn’t it

D.didn’t there 10.There ____a meeting tonight.A.is going be B.is going to have C.is going to D.is going to be 翻譯句子：

1.燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。

2.戰前這兒曾經有家電影院。

3.恰好那時房里沒人。

4.我家門前有一條河。

5.廣州，一座擁有2200多年文明歷史的古老城市，現在發展得也非常快。

6.現在不能預知未來會怎么樣。

7.毫無疑問，他是總經理的最佳人選。

8.不求甚解、死記硬背課文沒有意義。

9.你沒有必要跟他解釋此事。

10.他能否接受你的幫助尚有疑問。

11.是發達國家造成了全球變暖，這是不容否認的事實。

with+復合賓語的用法

一、所謂“with的復合結構”，即是“with +賓語+賓語補足語”的結構。其中的賓語一般由名詞充當(有時也可由代詞充當)；而賓語補足語則是根據具體的需要由形容詞，副詞、介詞短語，分詞短語(包括現在分詞和過去分詞)及不定式短語充當。下面結合例句就這 一結構加以具體的說明。

二、情況分類：

1、with +賓語 +形容詞

① He slept well with all the windows open.(82年高考題)上面句子中形容詞open作with 的賓詞all the windows的補足語，② It's impolite to talk with your mouth full of food.形容詞短語full of food作賓補。③Don't sleep with the window open in winter

2、with+賓語+副詞

①with John away, we have got more room.②He was lying in bed with all his clothes on.③Her baby is used to sleeping with the light on.句中的on是副詞，作賓語the light的補足語。

④The boy cant play with his father in.句中的副詞in作賓補。

3、with+賓語+介詞短語。

①We sat on the grass with our backs to the wall.②His wife came down the stairs,with her baby in her arms.③They stood with their arms round each other.④With tears of joy in her eyes ,she saw her daughter married.⑤She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.句中介詞短語on both sides作賓語 red flowersandgreen grass的賓補，⑥There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.，介詞短語in front of them作賓補。

4、with+賓詞+分詞（短語）

這一結構中作賓補用的分詞有兩種，一是現在分詞，二是過去分詞，一般來說，當分詞所表示的動作跟其前面 的賓語之間存在主動關系則用現在分詞，若是被動關系，則用過去分詞。

①All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.②She sat with her head bent.③She did not answer, with her eyes still fixed on the wall.④The day was bright,with a fresh breeze(微風）blowing.⑤I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.⑥With winter coming on,it is time to buy warm clothes.⑦He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.⑧From space the earth looks like a huge water covered globe,with a few patches of land stucking out above the water 而在下面句子中因with的賓語跟其賓補之間存在被動關系，故用過去分詞作賓補： ⑨The murderer was brought in ,with his hands tied back.但當with的復合結構中語是表示人體部位名稱的名詞時，作賓補用的分詞是現在分詞是過去分詞，則應視這 一動詞而定。一般來說，若此動詞是及物動詞則用其過去分詞形式，若是不及物動詞，則用其現在分詞形式。

⑩An old man was lying there with his eyes shut.此句中shut是及物動詞，故用其過去分詞

He lay on his back with his eyes looking straight up wards.look為不及物動詞，故用現在分詞。

5、with+賓語+不定式短語。

①I can't go out with you, with much homework to be done.句中的賓補由to be done這一不定式的被動結構充當，表示do這一動作的將來含義或未完成之意，用其被動態則說明其與賓語之間存在被動關系。②With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived.③I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.④So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went around the school.⑤With such an experienced teacher to teach us English,we are very happy.6, with+賓語+名詞

He died in the battle with his son only a ten-month-old baby.二、with的復合結構的用法: 1，在句子中with結構多數充當狀語，表示行為方式，伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件

①She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名詞+形容詞，作伴隨狀語）②With the meal over，we all went home.（with+名詞+副詞，作時間狀語）

③The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名詞+介詞短語，作伴隨狀語。）

④The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.⑤He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名詞+不定式，作伴隨狀語）

⑥He could finish it with me to help him.（with+代詞 +不定式，作條件狀語）⑦She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名詞+現在分詞，作伴隨狀語）

⑧With nothing left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（with+代詞+過去分詞，作為原因狀語）

2，With結構在句中也可以作定語。例如：

①From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.②A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.③Do you know the woman with a gold necklace around her neck?

三，幾點說明:

without +賓語+賓語補足語是with +賓語+賓語補足語結構的另一表現形式。①He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代詞 +不定式，作條件狀語）②Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代詞+過去分詞，作為原因狀語）③Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.(高二22課）

（without+代詞+現在分詞，作為伴隨狀語）

④Without anyone noticing，I slipped out of the room.（without+代詞+現在分詞，作為伴隨狀語）

⑤Without a word more spoken，he went back home 練習：

用所給詞的正確形式填空

1.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______(go)on.2.With much work _______(do), he had no time to play.3.It was a pity that the great writer died with his work ______(finish)4.I send you 100 yuan today, with the rest _____(follow)in a year.5.With the sun _____(set)down, we all went home.6.The lorry with apples ______(load)on belongs to me.7.With all the factors _______(consider), this project is a good one.用with+復合賓語結構完成句子：

1.因為你站在這里，所以我無法集中精力學習。

2.那位戴帽子的人就是我父親。

3.有向導為我們帶路，我們毫不費力地找到了他的家。

4.他經常開著燈睡覺。

5.因為作業做完了，所以他就出去玩了。

6.一個小女孩跑進房間，鼻子凍得紅紅的。

7.她眼淚汪汪地離開了家鄉。

第四篇：英語中跟復合結構的動詞用法小結

英語中跟復合結構的動詞用法小結

陜西省丹鳳中學

佘君賢

在英語中,有許多能跟復合句的動詞.為了學生更好的理解并掌握這些動詞,現特意把這些動詞做以歸納和終結.1.get get somebody to do something(使某人做某事)

get something done（使某事被做）

get somebody / something doing（使某人或某物動起來）eg: who got you to stand there?

I have got my homework finished.We must get the car running.2.make make somebody do something(讓某人做某事)make oneself done(使某人自己被--)make somebody /something +adj / n

eg: A good friend is someone who makes you happy.We make him monitor of our school.The teacher spoke loudly to make himself heard.I made him stand in the corner.=he was made to stand in the corner.3.have have somebody do something（使某人做某事）

have somebody /something doing something(使某人或某物一直做某事)have somebody /something done(使某人遭遇某事或使某事被作)The teacher had him repeat what he said.The man had the candle burning all the night.He had his leg broken.4.let somebody do something(讓某人做某事)5.keep somebody doing something（讓某人不斷的做某事）

keep somebody / something done(使某人或某物被作)keep somebody +adj /adv/ /prep phrase(使某人或某物處于某種狀態)when he washes his hands , he keeps water running.The teacher kept us informed of the decision Please keep the door open /light on.6.leave somebody doing something(使某人不斷的做某事)leave something done(使某事被做)leave somebody / something +n /adj / prep phrase eg: leave the door open.He was left an orphan.7.catch somebody doing something(抓住某人正在做某事)he was caught cheating in the exam.8.see / watch /listen to/ hear / notice /feel /observe+n /pron/do something(看見某人正在做某事，指的是全過程)see / watch / listen to / hear / notice /feel /observe +n /pron doing something（看見某人正在做某事，指的是動作正在進行）

see /watch / notice /listen /listen to/ hear …+somebody /something done(看見某人或某事被作)I saw him play on the playground.He saw the begger beaten to death.9.find /think/ consider / make / believe+it +adj+to do/doing /that clause eg.He finds it difficult to learn a foreign language.10.consider consider somebody to be consider somebody to do something/ to be doing something /to have done something consider somebody to do something(認為某人要做某事)consider somebody to be doing something(認為某人正在做某事)consider somebody to have done something(認為某人以作過某事)練一練

1.Cabbage is considered to____the first computer in the world.A.invent

B.be inventing

C.have invented

D.have been invented 2.Don’t leave the water ____)while you brush your teeth.A.run

B.running

C.to run

D.being run 3.He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into his pocket of a passenger.A.put

B.to be putting

C.to put

D.putting 4.Seeing the road ___ with snow, we had to speed the holiday at home, watching TV.A.blocking

B.blocked

C.to block

D.to be blocked 5.A cook will be immediately fired if he’s found ___ in the kitchen.A.smoke

B smoking

C.to smoke

D.smoked

第五篇：英語獨立主格結構用法小結

英語獨立主格結構用法小結

非謂語動詞作狀語時, 它的邏輯主語應該是句子的主語。但有時非謂語動詞帶有自己的主語, 從而在結構上與主語不發生關系, 我們稱之為獨立主格結構(Absolute Construction)。其實, 所謂“獨立主格結構”也并非真正獨立, 它還是一種從屬的結構。

一、非謂語動詞獨立主格結構

在獨立主格結構中, 非謂語動詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。請看下面的例子：

Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.有這么能干的人來幫你, 你遲早一定會成功的。(不定式)such an able man和 to help you 之間存在著主謂關系, 即 Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在書桌旁坐好后, 他母親開始給他講故事。(現在分詞)He seating himself at the desk 擁有了自己的邏輯主語he, 即 When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丟了自行車鑰匙, 他只好步行去學校。(過去分詞)the key 是 lost 的邏輯主語, lost 也可以用完成式having been lost，即 Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.1、不定式獨立主格結構

在“邏輯主語+動詞不定式”結構中, 動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結構也可用一個從句或并列分句來表達。

His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.他母親今晚要來, 他正在忙著準備飯菜。

(As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)——Will you go to the concert tonight? ——Sorry.So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.你今晚去聽音樂會嗎？

對不起, 有這多的作業要批, 我真的抽不出時間。

(Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really can't afford any time.)

The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我們四人同意分工干, 每人翻譯全書的四分之一。

(The four of us agreed on a division of labor and each is to translate a quarter of the book.)

Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹, 花和草后, 我們新建的學校將看上去更美。

(If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)

2、現在分詞ing形式獨立主格結構

動詞的-ing形式作各種狀語時, 其邏輯主語一般應與句子的主語保持一致，ing 的獨立結構相當于一個狀語從句。

Being ill, he went home.(As he was very ill, he went home.)由于生病, 他回家了。

Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.(When he had seated himself at the desk...)在課桌旁坐好后, 他開始看雜志

Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.(When everyone was ready...)每個人都準備好后, 老師開始上課。

The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.(After everyone was seated...)每個人坐好后, 主席開始開會。

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.(Because the boy led the way)

由那個男孩帶路, 我們沒有困難就找到了那奇怪的洞。Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.(As many eyes were watching him)許多眼睛看著他, 他感到有點兒緊張。

Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.(If time permits...)時間允許的話, 我們下星期將進行一次野炊。My health allowing, I will work far into the night.(If my health allows....)

我的健康許可的話, 我愿工作到深夜。

The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.(and each wears a card in front of his chest)

學生們快樂地在學校里走著, 每個人胸前都帶著一張卡。The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.(and his eyes were looking at the sky)男孩躺在草地上, 眼睛看著天空。

注意：系動詞be 也可以用分詞形式的獨立結構。例如： It being National Day today, the streets are very crowded.(As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.)今天是國慶節, 街上很擁擠。

There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.(As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.)沒有別的事可討論, 我們都回家了。

3、過去分詞-ed形式的獨立主格結構

如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話, 就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結構。

The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.該書是用簡單英語寫的, 英語初學者也能看懂。

(As the book was written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.)The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人們的生活條件大大提高, 他們工作得更起勁了。

(As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.)He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上課專心聽講, 眼睛緊盯著黑板。

(He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.)The task completed, he had two months' leave.任務完成以后, 他休了兩個月的假。

(When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.4、非謂語動詞獨立結構析比較

動詞不定式表示動作沒有發生或即將發生, 動詞-ed形式表示動作已經結束, 動詞-ing形式往往表示動作正在進行。

The manager looks worried, many things to settle.經理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。

(事情還沒有處理, 而且是由經理本人來處理, 用不定式to settle)The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.許多事情已經處理好了, 經理看上去很輕松。

(事情已經處理好了, 用動詞-ed形式settled表示動作已經結束)The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一邊做飯, 一邊看電視。(兩個動作同時進行)

The food cooked, the boy went to bed.飯做好了, 小孩去睡了。

(兩個動作有先后, 飯已做好, 小孩才去睡覺的)

二、無動詞獨立主格結構

在含有being 的獨立主格結構中, being 往往可以被省去。這種省去being的結構, 稱之為無動詞獨立主格結構。

1、邏輯主語+名詞

Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十個學生報名參加了這次競賽, 年紀最小的是個12歲的男孩。(the youngest being a boy of 12 省去了being)

注意：獨立主格結構中的being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略, 一是在“There being + 名詞”結構中, 二是在邏輯主語是代詞的情況下。

There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于沒有公共汽車, 我們只好走回家。It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.因為是星期日, 所有辦公室都關門。

2、邏輯主語+形容詞

He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.他睡眼惺忪地轉向我。

(his eyes being sleepy 省去了being, 等于He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.)He stood there, his mouth wide open.他站在那里, 嘴張得大大的。

(his mouth being wide open，等于He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.)

3、邏輯主語+副詞

School over, we all went home.放學了, 我們都回家了。

(school being over，等于= School was over, and we all went home.)He sat at his desk, his shoes off.他坐在課桌旁, 沒穿鞋子。(his shoes being off，等于He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.)

4、邏輯主語+介詞短語

He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.他站在黑板面前, 背對著我們。

(He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.)The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.新老師面帶微笑走了進來。

(The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.)The teacher came into the classroom, a rule in his hand.老師走進教室, 手里拿著一把直尺。

(The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.)提示：在“邏輯主語+介詞短語”的獨立主格結構里, 如果名詞用單數, 可以不用冠詞, 同時介詞短語里的限定詞也可省略。例如：

The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.音樂老師站在門口, 手里拿著一把小提琴。(a violin in his hand.)

三、with / without 引導的獨立主格結構

在上面所講的獨立結構前，都可以加上介詞with / without，構成了“with / without +賓語+賓語的補足語”的獨立主格結構形式。例如：

1、with+名詞、代詞、形容詞

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中, 衣服濕透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：在with 的獨立主格結構中, 也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。例如：

With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.由于兒子如此令人失望, 老人感到很不快樂。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父親如此出名, 兒子不想讀書。

2、with+名詞代詞、副詞

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的燈都打開時, 我們的學校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父親在前, 小孩在后走著。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.3、with+名詞代詞、介詞短語

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在門口, 手里拿著一部電腦。

= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在課桌前, 嘴里銜著一支筆。

= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.4、with+名詞代詞、動詞的-ed形式

With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作業做好了, 彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信號發出了, 火車開始起動了。= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn誸 dare go home without the job finished.工作還沒完成, 我不敢回家。

= I wouldn't dare go home because the job was not finished.5、with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ing形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍, 那男子感到很高興。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起來, 沒有人知道它在哪里。= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁沒人注意的時候, 從窗口溜走了。

= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.6、with+名詞代詞、動詞不定式

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有這么多的家庭作業要做, 小男孩看上去很不開心。

= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有這么多的名勝可參觀, 小孩很激動。

The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.[注意] 在with / without 的復合結構中, 多數情況下with 能省略, 但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。(without不能省略)

四、獨立主格結構的句法功能

獨立主格結構在句中除了能充當各種狀語外, 還能作定語。在形式上, “獨立主格結構”可位于句首、句中或句尾, 并通常用逗號與主句隔開。

1、作狀語

獨立主格結構作狀語, 其功能相當于一個狀語從句或并列分句。(1)表示時間

Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降臨, 我們在一家小旅館住了下來。

(= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.)All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后, 他們才開始吃飯。

(= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.)With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都買好后, 格雷斯打的回家了。

(After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.)(2)表示原因

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有許多難題要解決, 新當選的總統日子不好過。

(= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.)

There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜沒有交通工具了, 他只好步行回家。

(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)(3)表示條件

Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天氣允許的話, 我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運動會。

(= If weather permits, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.)

All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后, 你可以休息。

(=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.)

Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.如果從各方面考慮, 你的計劃似乎更實際些。

(= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.)

[注意] 表示時間、原因、條件的獨立主格結構一般放在句首, 并且不能保留連詞。

【誤】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.下課了, 學生都離開了教室。

【誤】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way.月亮出來了, 他們繼續趕路。(4)表示伴隨情況或補充說明

The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那個奇怪的男人在街上走著, 手里拿著根手杖。

(= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.)

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.殺人犯被帶了進來, 手被捆在背后。

(=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.)

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有兩百人在事故中喪生, 其中許多是兒童。

(Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.)

2、作定語

獨立主格結構作定語, 其功能相當于一個定語從句。

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的復合結構作定語, 修飾the student)他就是有許多問題要解決的那個人。

= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off.(with 的復合結構作定語, 修飾bottle)你可以使用一個頸被砍掉的大塑料瓶。

= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一條兩邊沒有路燈的馬路上。(without的復合結構作定語, 修飾the road)

= He was walking along the road that didn誸 have any street lights on its both sides.[注意] 在這里我們討論了很多用連詞連接的兩個句子改為獨立主格結構的情況。需要提示的是, 不是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨立主格結構。

If you stand on the top of the mountain, the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山頂上, 公園看上去更美。(不要改為獨立主格結構)If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.如果你仔細檢查試卷的話, 有些錯誤是可以避免的。(不要改為獨立主格結構)