第一篇：第一講_高中英語閱讀理解-事實細節題

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第1講

事實細節題

細節理解題是高考英語閱讀理解中占比重最大的一類題型, 這類題旨在考查考生對事實細節的理解。主要針對who, what, which, why, how, when, where等來提問, 可能只針對文章中某一特定的細節, 也可能涉及若干個細節。

【考綱解讀】

1.從近幾年實施細節題的考查來看，不僅是數量增加，而且難度也稍有增加，表現為：答案需要跨段落搜集信息；題目設置順序與全文順序不一致；題目信息與原文信息表達方式不一致。

2.以考查語言運用能力為主，考查語言知識為輔，考查的側重點將向語篇能力的運用方面傾斜，要求考生運用自己的綜合能力和知識結構去解題。

【命題規律】

考查理解文章主要細節的試題，命題人一般都是通過對文章細節加以改寫來考查準確理解細節的能力。

細節題有可能是直接理解題，但多數情況下是間接理解題。要求在理解的基礎上，通過思維將理解的內容系統化，條理化，比如計算，排序，選圖等。

【命題趨勢】

事實細節題呈增多趨勢。題目將由簡單的尋找信息轉向多層次細節推理綜合，答案需要跨段落搜集信息，單純考查事實細節的題不太多。

【常考點清單】

1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned? 2.What does the writer pay least attention to? 3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 4.All of the following statements may be true/false except…..5.Which of the following is not the result of….?

【重點難點】 1.語義轉換

[技巧點撥] 雖然說細節題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接地找到, 但是與閱讀材料一模一樣的正確選項是幾乎沒有的。而是用不同的詞語或句型表達相同的意思, 即語意轉換。解題時注意以下幾點：

1.順序性原則：一般說來, 題序與其題眼在文章中的順序相同。如第53題的答案信息會在第52題的答案信息之后。2.定位信息點：通過尋讀法(scanning), 用題干中的關鍵詞在文中搜索, 迅速確定相關詞句或

population shifts（轉移）to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society.In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier.They had more children so they needed more space.They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.They bought houses in the suburbs.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ? A.Because older American cities were dying.B.Because they were richer and needed more space.C.Because cities contained the worst pare of society.D.Because they could hardly afford a live in the city.【4】When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English.Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.Why was the author’s mother poorly served？

A.She was unable to speak good English.B.She was often misunderstood.C.She was not clearly heard.D.She was not very polite.【5】It was a village in India.The people were poor.However, they were not unhappy.After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived.They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs.However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.A.worked very hard for centuries

B.dreamed of having a better life C.were poor but somewhat content

D.lived a different life from their forefathers 【6】 During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food.B．To protect themselves better.C．To keep themselves warm.D．To produce their young.【課后鞏固練習】

【1】Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________.A.are always accompanied by a fever

B.are too common to be noted C.can be noticed within hours

D.can be ignored 【2】Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly.Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at

lightning speed.Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending.Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts（吹噓）of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.The new products become more and more time-saving because ______..A.our love on speed seems never-ending

B.time is limited C.the prices are increasingly high

D.the manufacturers boast a lot 【3】Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders.Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _________.A.have watched a lot of TV

B.not be interested in math C.be unable to go to college

D.have had computers in their bedrooms 【4】Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago.After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a test for Frommer's travel guides, passed it, and got the job.After working at Frommer's, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor's, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S.that she moved there.Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road.The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona.Which country does Jarolim live in now? A.Mexico.B.The U.S.C.The U.K D.Canada 【5】Amy Johnson was born on July 1, 1903, in Hull Yorkshire and lived there until she went to Sheffield University in 1923 to read for a BA.After graduating, she moved on to work as a secretary to a London solicitor（律師）where she also became interested in flying.Amy began to learn to fly at the London Aeroplane Club in the winter of 1928-1929 and her hobby soon became an all-consuming determination, not simply to make a career in aviation（航空）,but to succeed in some projects, which would demonstrate to the world that women could be as competent（能干）as men in hitherto（迄今為止）male dominated field.Her first important achievement, after flying solo, was to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer.For a while she was the only woman G:E.in the world.Early in 1930, she chose her objective: to fly solo（fly by herself）to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days.At first, her efforts to raise financial（經濟的）support failed, but finally Lord Wakefield shared the 600 pound purchase prices of a used DH Gypsy Moth（GAAAH）and it was named Jason after the family business trademark.Amy set off alone in a single engine Gypsy Moth from Groyson on May 5, 1930, and landed in Darwin on May 24, an epic flight of 11,000 miles.She was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.In July 1931, she set an England to Japan record in a Puss Moth with Jack Humphreys.In July 1932, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Puss Moth.In May, 1936, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Percival Gull , a flight to retrieve（gain again）her 1932 record.With her husband, Jim Mollison, she also flew in a DH Dragon nonstop from Pendine Sands，-South Wales, to the United States in 1933.They also flew nonstop in record time to India in 1934 in a DH Comet in the England to Australia air race.The Mollisons were divorced in 1938.After her commercial flying ended with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Amy joined the Air Transport Auxiliary, a pool of experienced pilots who were ineligible（不合格）for RAF service.Her flying duties consisted of ferrying（carrying by plane）aircraft from factory airstrip（起落地帶）to RAF（英國皇家空軍）bases.1.What did Amy Johnson do after she graduated from Sheffield University?

A.She became a secretary to a London solicitor.B.She went to the air force.C.She became the first female group engineer in the world.D.She began to learn to fly at an aero plane club.2.Which of the following is false? A.Amy Johnson spent her childhood in Sheffield.B.In Amy Johnson’s time, aviation was a male dominated field.C.Amy Johnson flew solo for several times.D.Amy Johnson was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.3.According to the passage, how many records Amy had set? A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.4.How did Amy solve the financial problem when in early 1930 she chose her objective: to fly solo to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days? A.She successfully raised financial support.B.She shared the money necessary for the flight with her husband.C.A businessman shared the purchase price of a used plane with Amy’s father.D.Her father gave her the money.

第二篇：高中英語解題題典：閱讀理解第36-40部分

There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power(原子能).First, the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to thc power station.Ahhough the power statkms themselves are strongly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are not.Normally, only two methods of transport are itl use, namely road or rail.Unfortunately, both of these may have an effect on the general public, since they are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas.Second, there is the problem of waste.All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most eases will remain radioactive for thousands of years.It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioaclive, and so they must be stored iii one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented.For example, they may be hurled under the ground, or dropped into deserted mines, or sunk in the sea.However, these methods do not solve lhe problem, since an earthquake could easily break the containers.Third.there may occur the danger of a leak(泄漏)or an explosion at the power station.As with the other two dangers, this is nm very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program.Itowever, it can happen.Separately, these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry, l?akcn to gethcr, though, the probability of disaster(災難)is exrrtmtly high.1.Which of the following is FALSE?

A.It is possible that a leak or explosion occurs at a power station.B.It is unusual for radioactive materials to be transported across land.C.The containers are likely to be broken by an earthquake.D.Nuclear wastes remain dangerous in most cases for many years.2.The author thinks that the ways to store nuclear wastes are ______.A.easyB.impossible

C.reasonableD.ineffective

3.What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A.The power station is a safe place.B.The dangers of nuclear energy can be prevented.C.The general public are strongly against the nuclear program.D.By itself, none of the three dangers is very likely to cause much worry.4.What is this passage about?

A.Uses of nuclear power.B.Dangers from nuclear power.C.Public anger at nuclear power.D.Accidents caused by nuclear power.答：1.B 2.D 3.D 4.B

解析：

2．由第三段最后一句可知，那些儲存核污染的方法解決不了問題，由此可判斷出選項。3．最后一段大意是三種危險分開以后沒有危戶，符合題意。4，從全文中看，文中列舉了三種危險，故選B項。

The Fourth “21st Century Cup” National English Speaking Competition is to be held in Shanghai.Organizers;China Daily and Shanghai Broadcasting Network

China University English Speaking Association(協會)(CUESA)

Co-sponsors(聯合主辦單位): English-speaking Union(ESU);Lotus Software(Chi-na)Co, Ltd.;Times Publishing Group of Singapore;Hilton Shanghai;Pearson Educa-tion;Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press-1-

Date: March 26(Friday), 1999

Place: Hilton Shanghai

Competition Format(形式): Each student will present a prepared speech on the given topic, followed by a

three-minute offhand speech and a three-minute question and answer period with the judges.Prepared speech period: six minutes Offhand speech peri-od: three minutes Q & A period: three

minutes

Speech Topic: People and Nature: In search of harmony(和諧)in a new age—your per-sonal opinion(Topics for the

offhand speech will be given on the day ofcompetition.)

Prizes: Besides books and certificates(證書), the top two winners will be offered schol arship(獎學金)to travel to

the annual international English-speaking competi-tion, which will be held by the English-speaking Union in London in May, 1099.The third and fourth place winners will be offered a study trip to Singapore, sponsored by the Times Publishing Group.The fifth through the i0th place win-ners will be offered cash prizes.All the competitors will receive certificates from the English-speaking Union and book prizes provided by Pearson Education and the Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press.The teachers of the top two winners will also receive a one-year membership to the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language(IATEFL).1.The main purpose of this passage is ______.A.to invite you to take part in the competition

B.to help to improve your spoken English

C.to tell you some information of the competition

D.to show you how to win the competition

2.Suppose you get the sixth place, you?ll ______.A.travel to London for free

B.become a one-year member of IATEFL

C.get some money, some books and a certificate

D.get a chance to study in Singapore

3.All “offhand speech” is ______.A.a speech not longer than three minutes

B.a speech without preparation

C.a speech with a piece of paper in hand

D.a speech which is well prepared hefore

4.Which of the following statements is wrong?

A.The competitors won?t know what they will speak about until March 26, 1999.B.The time-limit for each student is 12 minutes.C.Each student must speak on at least two topics.D.Only two students can have the chance for the international competition.答：l.C 2.C 3.A 4.C

解析：

1．考查作者的寫作意圖。2．考查猜測詞義。3．由Competition Format一段分析可知。4．考查推理判斷。由Competition Format一段可以看出本句錯誤。

Xin Hua tn 1999, President Jiang Zemin examined five state owned enterprises and delivered speeches about existing problems and possible solutions.His speeches gave rise to many questions.What roles should enterprise leaders play? Since economic reform and open policies were started in the early 1980s, what changes have taken

place in state owned enterprises? Readers will find answers to these questions and more in “Liaoning in Transition of Reform” a series of articles by Louise Cadieux.Louise Cadieux has done much research on China?s state-owned enterprises.After visiting representative enterprises in l.iaoning Province, she wrote the articles with her u-nique, western view.We hope her views will help our readers better understand China?s state-owned enrerprises.l.A state-owned enterprise is one that _____.A.belongs to one person or a group of persons

B.belongs to a country

C.a country runs

D.one or a group of persons run

2.From the passage we know it?s true that _____.A.Louise Cadieux only answered President Jiang?s questions

B.Louise Cadieux had more questions than President Jiang did

C.Louise Cadieux answered some of President Jiang?s questions by her researches

D.President Jiang?s questions are too many and too hard for Louise Cadieux to answer

3.This passage suggests that _____.A.some problems are really existing in state-owned enterprises

B.ways should be and can be found to solve the existing problems

C.it?s time for the leaders to look back and find proper ways of management

D.all the above three

答：1.B 2.C 3.D

解析：

1．此題屬事實理解題，從state-owned一詞可知選項。2．從結尾一段可判斷出C項。Louise Cadieux對中國的國企進行了研究。3．文中提到了國企存在的問題、解決辦法及領導者應思考的管理辦法，故選D項。

A branch of computer science cailled artifical intelligence uses programs that help solve problems by using human knowledge and experience.Artificial intelligence systems are al-so called expert systems, which enable computers programmed with great amounts of in formation to think about many possibilities such as diseases that certain symptoms(癥狀)could indicate and make a dccision for tile treatment.Computers are used in teaching as well.Programs that perform computer-aided in-struction(CAI計算機輔助教學)are designed to help students at all levels, from ele-mentary school to the university level.The student sits at a computer terminal(終端).The terminaI?s screen displays a question for the student to answer.If the answer is wrong or incumplete, tile computer may ask the student to try again.It then may supply the correct answer and an explanation.CAf is also used in some adult education programs and as part of the employee training programs of some business companies.One of the most important uses of computers is to communicate information over long distances.They can send information to each other over telephone lines.As a result, computers keep banks, newspapers, and other institutions supplied with hnformation.A computer network consists of many computers in separate rooms, build-ings, cities, or countries, all connected together.Computer networks allow people to communicate by using electronic mail a document typed into one computer and sent to an-other.Such document generally travel in only a few minutes, even if they are being sent over a long distance.The computer?s ability to share information with other computers over a network linked by telephone lines is a major revolution in telecommunieatitms.The Internet, an international network of computer networks, has spread out since the early 1990?s.The Internet began as.a US network of scientific and military computers in the 1960?s.Now it

is an international system for sending and receiving electronic mail, software, and elec-tronic documents and picture files all over the world.The Internet has already cut the cost of long-distance communicaions for many people.In the future it will completely change the way people work.With the lnternet, increasing numbers of people can work at home instead of in their office.Computers and their programs are the most complex devices in human history, and probably the most useful.Modern industrial societies now depend on them.As comput-ers become more powerful and widespread, computer education must continue to increase also.1.From the first paragraph we get to know that artificial intelligence systents _____.A.are beyond scientists? control

B.will take the place of doctors

C.will take the place of scientists

D.are under scientists? control

2.If you use E-mail to communicate with your friends, you can______.A.exchange information without paper

B.talk with your friends freely

C.talk with your friends face to face

D.exchange information without computers

3.The phrase “up-to-the-minute” in the third paragraph means ______.A.shortestB.latest

C.longestD.easiest

4.What is the main idea of this text? ______.A.Computers Are Dangerous

B.Computers Are Clever

C.Computers Are Useful

D.Computers Are lntercsting

答：1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C

解析：

1．從第一段可知人工智能系統是在科學家的控制下。2．和朋友網上交流不用紙。3．up-to-the-minute跟上時代的，最新的。4．文章主要介紹電腦的用途。故選C項。

Some doctors use magic, some use needles and others use pills.Who are they?

Among the Indians of North America the ?medicine man? was a very important per son.He could cure illnesses, and he could speak to the spirits—the supernatural forces that controlled the world.The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill.So, when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic—he spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help.Many people were cured because they thought that the spirits were helping them.But really these people cured themselves.Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you.The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too.They knew about plants that really can eure illnesses A lot of modern medicines are made from plants that were used by medicine men hundreds of years ago.For more than five thousand years Chinese doctors have used needles to fight illnes-ses.This method is called aeupnneture(針灸).The doctor studies the sick person care fully.Then he puts needles into that person?s body at the right places for his illness.Chi-nese doctors believe that they can control the body?s natural forces in this way.At first, doctors in the West thought that this was just another kind of magic.Recently, however, they have found out that it is possible to cure many illnesses like this because the needles help the body to produce its own ?medicines?.In this way

the body cures itself.1.The Indians of North America enjoy_____.A.a modern medical treatment

B.an old medical treatment

C.an advanced medical treatment

D.a secret medical treatment

2.If one is iii, it is important for hint to _____.A.believe in god

B.worry about his illness

C.use magic

D.have a light heart

3.According to this passage modern medicines_____.A.have nothing to do with the old traditional medicines

B.have nothing to do with the supernatural forces

C.have nothing to do with plants

D.have nothing to do with the Indians

4.Using needles to fight illnesses_____.A.used to be popular over the world

B.is used as another kind of magic

C.is easy to learn by anyone

D.was first used by the Chinese

5.Acupuncture, in fact, ______.A.is the only way to cure many dangerous illnesses

B.can be used to cure all kinds of illnesses

C.is effective to cure many illnesses

D.is popular among the western people

答：1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C

解析：

1．美洲北部印第安人傾向藥物治療。2.從第三段Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you可推斷出D項。3.現代的藥和超自然力無關。4.針灸最早始于中國。5.文中最后一段可知。

第三篇：第一講準確理解 概括主旨

第一講準確理解 概括主旨

考 點：感知并能概括文章（段）內容

知識要點：準確感知和理解語言材料，概括文章（段）的主題。

考試說明：

1、能判斷對文章（段）內容的概括正確與否。

2、能準確概括出文章（段）的中心。努力避免感知不準，理解不透，概括不準或不全等問題。

3、能找出最能體現文章（段）主題的語言材料或事件材料。

4、能結合自已的認識，聯系自己的生活，就文章（段）主題談一點體會。

解題方法

方法一:提取中心句法

題目1: 速讀下文，找出表達關鍵信息的語句。

全球定位系統是一種用信號覆蓋全球各個角落的衛星系統。目前由美國國防部發射的24顆衛星組成。它們在距離地面大約12000英里高的軌道上繞地球運行。每顆衛星都不斷地向地面發出表示時間和位置的信號。地球上任何地方的接收器隨時都可以收到4個以上衛星的信號。任何有接收手段的人利用這些信號就能確定自己的位置和行進速度。

方法二:整合法：根據材料中的關鍵詞語或句子進行再概括形成答案。

題目2：完整概括下面這段文字的內容。

小型蟻筑巢，將濕潤的土粒吐在巢口，壘成酒盅狀、灶臺狀、墳冢狀、城堡狀或松疏的蜂房狀，高聳在地面；中型蟻的巢口，土粒散得均勻美觀，圍成喇叭口或泉心的形狀，仿佛大地開放的一只黑色花朵；大型蟻筑巢像北方人的舉止，隨便、粗略、不拘細節，它們將顆粒遠遠地銜到什么地方，任意一丟，就像大步奔走撒種的農夫。

方法三:分層歸并法。先劃分層次，然后再把層次的內容概括組合。

題目3：試概括下段文字的大意。

陰霾彌漫的冬天是毫無生氣的季節，是自然界的休眠和沉睡時期：昆蟲停止了生命，游蛇停止了運動，植物終止了生長，失去了綠色，所有的空中居民都被拋棄流放，水族生命被關在冰凍的牢獄中，大部分陸地動物被囚禁在山洞、巖洞、地洞內，這一切給我們展現出一幅幅蕭條冷落的景象。鳥類的回歸帶來了初春第一個信息，這些可愛的小生命喚醒了沉睡的大自然，煥發了新的活力與生命，樹木吐出了新芽，小樹林披上了新裝，引來了新主人在此嬉笑打鬧，唱歌傳情，到處生機勃勃。

方法四：點示要素法。是用最簡潔的文字，用近乎一個詞加上一個詞再加上一個詞的形式來點示。題目4：說說文段中介紹了麥考利夫哪些方面的情況。

“挑戰者”號上的七名宇航員中，有一名來自新罕布什爾州中學的女教師麥考利夫。她是一名來

自民間的航天飛機乘員，是從l萬l千名報名應征的教師中選出來的。她為參加這次飛行接受了120個小時的宇航訓練。她準備在軌道上向她的學生講授“太空課”。

方法五：整體歸納法。理解材料，抓住關鍵詞句用簡練的語言加以概括。

題目5：概括下面文段的基本信息。

目前世界上已鑒定的生物物種有170多萬種。本世紀80年代地球上平均每天至少有一種生物滅絕，從1990年開始，平均每小時消失一個物種，到2000年，估計有100萬種生物物種從地球上消失。

實踐練習

1、將下面的文字材料改寫為“一句話新聞”。

央行的統計數字表明，到2月份我國的糧價已連續4個月小幅回升。分析師估計，今年國內主要糧食品種的價格水平可能持續走高。據國內媒體對全國832個縣7萬多農戶3月初種植意向的調查，今年全國稻谷、小麥和玉米等谷物品種播種面積繼續減少，只有豆類品種播種面積增加，這將對今年的糧價水平有一定影響。

2、根據文段內容，指出爬山虎在環境保護中的作用40字以內。

爬山虎在環境保護中發揮著多方面的作用。它的葉片較大，呈廣卵型，寬10至20厘米。炎夏，從根部吸收的水分經葉片蒸騰，可帶走空氣中的熱量，降低環境溫度。它的莖葉密集，覆蓋在房屋墻面上，可以遮擋強烈的陽光，又可以使空氣在葉片與墻面之間流動，因而降低室內溫度。它的卷須式吸盤能吸收墻上的水分，有助于潮濕房屋的干燥；而干燥季節，有它遮蔽墻面，又可以保持房屋的濕度。它的綠葉能制氧，是空氣中氧氣的一個重要來源。它的枝葉攀援在圍墻、房屋的墻面上，可以吸收環境中的噪音，還能吸咐飛揚的塵土。

3．概括下面一段話的主要信息。

2008年全國高考平均錄取率超過60％。其中北京、上海、新疆、江蘇等地的高考錄取率都超過了75％。但今年高分考生集中報考北大、清華等名牌重點院校的現象十分突出，致使一些名牌重點院校的平均分數比往年提高了20—80分，北大、清華則超過了120分。與此相反，許多一般院校特別是一些地方所屬院校和專科、高職及民辦院校生源明顯不足。主動放棄這些院校的考生今年大幅度增加。

4、點示下面這段話表述了故宮哪些方面的信息。

在北京的中心，有一座城中之城，這就是紫禁城。現在人們叫它故宮，也叫故宮博物院。這明清兩代的皇宮，是我國現存的最大最完整的古代宮殿建筑群，有五百多年了。

5、用一句話概括下面語段中所透露出來的信息。

繼在上海、青島、大連、杭州開辦多家建材連鎖超市后，世界上最大的倉儲式裝飾建材商百安居日前又將建材連鎖超市開到了深圳；并計劃以深圳市場為中心挺進中國整個華南市場。與此同時，歐洲第二大、德國最大的建材商歐倍德也加快了向中國市場進軍的步伐，在搶占了無錫、上海市場后，近日又計劃在廣州市場“跑馬圈地”。已在上海安營扎寨的美國最大建材超市THE HOMEDEPOT也有意將市場的觸角向南北延伸。

中考真題

溫總理打給母親的電話

李曉

1他的親人，有13 億之眾。他的親人，是一個國家的人民。這個人，○就是

一

天津

喜歡

放您

他帶溫家寶。2他的母親，○叫楊秀蘭。這位年過九旬的母親，和中國那些普通的母親樣。早年，她只是天津城里一位尋常的小學語文老師。那時，他和母親住在城里一條古樸的小胡同里，他與小伙伴們把門板卸下來當乒乓球臺，他母親把鑰匙放在鄰居家里，放學后，他便到鄰居家拿鑰匙：?劉娘，我媽把鑰匙這兒了？?后來，他到北京工作以后，母親還炸好面醬，托跑運輸的鄰居給

到北京。后來，她的兒子成了國家總理。他說：?母親對我的教育是永遠忘記不了的，因為我出生在 1942 年，恰恰是在抗戰時期，我在她身邊知道了戰爭的苦難，知道了生活的艱難，從而懂得一個人要如何獻身給國家。?他這樣深情地說。這絕不是一個國務院總理的即興表達，這是一個孩子對母親內心的感激和感恩。

3三年前春天的下午，他到日本訪問,在國會剛剛進行了一場可以載入史冊的成功演講后，他便○

給母親打電話：?媽，我講得怎樣啊？?在當天的電視直播里，雙眼昏花的母親一直看完了他的演講，接到他的電話，老母親當即夸獎他：?孩子，你講得很好，因為你是在用心講。?他這才放心了。母親是他信任的人，他等待母親評論的心情，就像一個幼兒園孩子,等待老師給胸前佩戴大紅花一樣。在參加當日華人社團和中日友好團體近千人共同舉辦的歡迎大會上，他提起國會演講結束后，打出的第一個電話是給母親的，并說到?媽媽在我小時候就教育我要講真話?時，全場爆發出經久不息的掌聲。所有的人無不為他的親情所動容，許多人眼眶里閃著晶瑩的淚花，有的甚至被感動得淚流滿面。一位日本老婦人，雙手合掌向身旁一位中國人說道：?你們中國人很幸福。有這樣一位熱愛媽媽的總理閣下，連我也感到很溫暖…… ?

4在美國訪問時，他再次回憶年幼時母親對他的教育。他說：○?母親從小就教育我，對人要真實、真情、真摯、真切。一個人如果做到‘四真’就達到很高的境界。?這些，在他做了一個泱泱大國的總理后，也是按照母親的囑托去做的。

5在天津火車站候車大廳，他向一位哭泣的母親伸出了慈愛的大手，那位母親兩歲的孩子，患了○

白血病無錢求醫，母親的哭聲揪痛了他的心。在他的關心下，孩子入院了，后來，他又自己捐助一萬元給孩子治病。在視察路上，他中途下車，把手伸向了那位剛從莊稼地里勞作回來的母親，后來，在全國掀起了為農民工的討薪風暴。在前年的地震災區，多少次，看到他情不自禁地流淚……這個風塵仆仆的老人，有一顆柔軟而滾燙的心在綿延奔騰。

6○

是母親在新聞里對他的張望，在心里對他的念叨。而他，無論怎么繁忙，也還記得，常常給母親打一個電話。老舍在《我的母親》中寫道：?人，活到八九十歲，有母親在，便可以多少還有點孩子氣。失了慈母便像花插在瓶子里，雖然還有色有香，卻失去了根。有母親的人，心里是安定的。?

7給母親打電話回家的總理，一個赤子的深情，才讓他常常《仰望星空》○，正如他在詩里訴說的那樣：?那永恒的熾熱，讓我心中燃起希望的烈焰，響起春雷。?

（選自《意林》2010年第10期，有刪改）

1．請用一句話概括本文的主要內容。

6段“念天下蒼生，也念母親安康”的三件事。2．從文中找出印證第○

2段插入總理小時候的生活片斷有何用意？ 3.第○

5段“這個風塵仆仆的老人，有一顆柔軟而滾燙的心在綿延奔騰”一句中加點詞的作用。4．分析第○．．．．

6段劃波浪線的句子中，你能感受到母親怎樣的復雜情感？ 5．從第○

6．古人曾有“兒行千里母擔憂”的感嘆，也有“子欲養而親不待”的遺憾。面對七旬總理與九旬母親之間的真摯情意，你有何感想？小結：

一、中心的格式化本文記敘了（描寫了）……的故事（事跡、經過、事件、景物），表現了（反映了、歌頌了、揭露了、批判了）……的思想（性格、精神、實質），抒發了作者……的感情。

二、尋找中心的思路⑴從分析標題入手。⑵從分析材料入手。⑶從分析段首入手。⑷從分析篇末入手。⑸從分析文中議論、抒情入手。⑹從概括段意或分析人物事件入手。

三、表述答案應注意的問題

1、遵守字數要求。

2、盡量用原文的詞語。

3、組合材料時，盡量不用修飾語。

4、用自己的話概括時，盡量用短句

四、兩個特殊句式

1、某某人做某某事

2、某某事物某某樣

答案：

參考答案:全球定位系統是一種用信號覆蓋全球各個角落的衛星系統。

參考答案:三種螞蚊筑巢的不同方式。

參考答案:冬天的蕭條景象和初春的生機勃勃

參考答案：身份、性別、來歷、訓練情況、航行計劃。

參考答案：物種滅絕速度加快

參考答案：今年國內主要糧食品種的價格可能持續走高。

參考答案：爬山虎有降低溫度、調節濕度、制造氧氣、吸收噪音、吸附塵土等多方面的環境保護作用。參考答案：今年高考名牌重點院校爆滿而一般院校生源不足

參考答案：地理位置、名稱、歷史價值

參考答案：海外建材商正加速搶占中國市場溫總理日理萬機，卻不忘常給母親打電話

2在日本成功演講后，他將第一個電話打給母親;在美國訪問時，回憶幼時母親對他的四真教育；在天津幫一位母親救助生病的孩子；在視察時向一位母親了解民情掀起為農民工的討薪風暴；在地震災區，多次流淚。

3小時候經歷 的戰爭苦難和生活的艱辛，交代他念天下蒼生，也念母親安康的背景。為下文做鋪墊 4柔軟表現善良。滾燙表現赤誠兩個詞語刻畫了總理對母親對人民的濃濃愛意與滿腔熱忱 5牽掛和關心

6言之有理即可

第四篇：高中英語 第一講圖表類作文的寫作素材

第一講【作者：衡寧】

圖表類作文的寫作 【寫作概述】 題型特點

圖表式書面表達題常以曲線圖形式、流程圖形式、柱形圖形式、餅式圖形式、數據表格形式及平面圖形式出現。這類題型具有文字少、信息簡潔、要點分散等特征。圖表類書面表達在近年的高考中時有出現，主要是一些關于情況調查、生產、銷售、發展進程等各種項目統計的示意圖。這類統計圖在日常生活中應用得非常廣泛，因此，讀懂它并能用英語清晰地表述出來就具有著很強的現實意義。如：2006年湖北卷要求考生根據柱狀圖表信息寫出一篇調查短文。圖表作文主要是介紹或說明某方面的情況，文體上屬于說明文。考生應按照說明文的形式和特點來進行寫作。由于這類題文字少、信息簡潔，如果只是把圖表中的內容一點一點地記敘出來，進行清單式的羅列，就會索然乏味，并且達不到字數要求。解題方法

對于這類形式的書面表達，考生首先要根據圖表前的文字說明，弄清楚圖表的性質、內容、規律，并做到如下幾點： 1．細讀圖表．抓住特征

圖表中的數據信息往往較多，首先要讀懂其中的符號和數字所代表的意思。然后，從圖表的整體著手，認真分析各項數據，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它們所揭示的規律。經常使用的詞匯有：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。

2．認真審讀，確定主題

認真審讀試題所提供的數據信息，結合文字提示，確定短文的主題。短文的主題往往隱含在圖表中，需要考生從圖表數據中概括出事情或事件的規律和特征，然后歸納出主題。有時，試題給出了短文的題目，也就等于為考生點明了主題。3．巧用數據，突出主題

引用數據說明基本趨勢，比較數據揭示基本特征。由于圖表中的數據信息較多，寫作時要巧妙地引用一些數據來說明主題，不要作任何發揮。表達時，既要包含所有要點，但又不能面面俱到。經常使用的詞匯有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，de-crease, fall, while, but, on the contrary, however, compare.., to／ with..., in contrast to, as...as, the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, among, more than, less than等。

4．詞句多變，表達靈活

由于圖表數據比較單調，很容易使人選用相同的詞語和句式進行表達，結果文章顯得很乏味。因此，寫作時要盡量避免夏復使用同一詞語或句型，選擇一些異曲同工的詞語和句式來表達。

5．適當發揮，表明觀點

圖表式書面表達有時題目要求考生在對數據進行分析、對比后，簡單地談談自己的看法或提出建議，這屬于讓考生自主發揮的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在該部分陳述自己的看法，表明自己的觀點，提出解決問題的方法或建議。表述觀點時，可以引用人們普遍的觀點，也可說出自己獨到的見解。借題發揮時，不可偏離主題，只要把觀點表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解釋或說明。經常使用的詞有：in a word，in short，generally speaking, It's clear from the chart that..., We can draw the conclusion that..., We can learn／know...等。

【真題感悟】

用心

愛心

專心 受某英文報的委托，你最近對高中生的英語閱讀興趣做了一次調查。請根據以下信息，用英語為該報寫一篇100詞左右的短文。短文的標題及首句已為你寫好。

調查內容：在新聞、故事、科普、學習方法四種英文文章中，學生最喜歡哪一種

調查范圍：湖北省的10所中學 調查對象：高中生

調查人數：1000 調查方式：訪談 調查結果：（見下圖）

選擇各類英文文章人數的百分比

解題示例 step I．

此篇書面表達的圖表為柱形圖，分別表明了喜愛閱讀四種英語文章的學生比例。從圖表中可看出：學生最喜歡閱讀的是新聞類文章，而閱讀學習方法類文章的人數最少。stepII．

短文標題和開頭句已給出，要求寫一篇調查報告，如實反映調查結果，所以文中敘述調查對象和內容時，其時態用過去時態，而根據圖表表述調查結果時，要用～般現在時態。可按介紹調查情況和調查結果兩個層次來寫。1．調查對象及內容：

1,000 senior middle school students from 10 schools in Hubei Province, be interviewed;four sorts of English articles: news, stories, popular science and learning methods;2．調查結果：

53% like to read English news;26% are fond of reading stories;14% are interested in popular science articles;7% enjoy reading articles about learning method.用心

愛心

專心 stepⅢ，在調查報告的敘述中，可對某些數據采用抽象的概數，避免單調乏味。如：53%可表述為more than half,14%可根據其與7%的關系而表述為double等： step IV．

此篇短文中要表達“喜愛”的意思有多處，所以用詞要多樣，如：like, be fond of, enjoy, prefer, be interested in和be one's favorite：句式也要靈活地變化。step V．

本篇書面表達沒要求你發表自己的看法，所以不宜過多發 揮．只要客觀地表述調查的結果就行了。參考范文

Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.In this survey, one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed.They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles: news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most.Twenty-six percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite.Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods.However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.范文賞析

短文條理清楚，層次分明。先是交代了此次調查的背景、對象、內容等，接著在第二自然段里，寫作者成功地把圖表信息轉換成了文字信息。寫作者沒有按照圖表順序，機械地羅列數據而是用more than half, double等詞語把53%,14%等數據巧妙地表達了出來。另外，像only, however及定語從句的使用讓短文既流暢又簡潔、緊湊。

【模仿試筆】

某對外發行的英文報紙對中國群眾體育現狀進行了調查，請根據下列圖表和所給提示，用英語寫一篇報道，向該報投稿。參加體育活動的人口比例：

用心

愛心

專心 3

(a)不懂鍛煉方法(b)場地遠、不方便(c)缺少場地設施(d)缺少時間

針對以上狀況作出說明：

1．缺乏體育鍛煉會使人們的體質下降； 2．應充分認識體育鍛煉的重要性； 3．應采取措施，提供人們鍛煉的場地和器材(facilities);

用心

愛心

專心 4 4．詞數：100詞左右；

5．文章的開頭已給出，不計人總詞數。

Recently we made a survey of the people on physical training...參考答案

Recently we made a survey about physical training.Only 35 percent of the surveyed people have taken part in physical activities, but the rest never have.There are many reasons for this.Over half of the people say they haven't got enough time to do exercise.34.9% of them complain that they don't have places where they can relax and that there are not enough training facilities.12.9% of the people feel that they live too far away from the training centers.Some of them even don' t know how to train.Because of lack of physical training, many people are not in good health.People should realize the importance of it, and measures should be taken to provide people with more training facilities and places.用心

愛心

專心 5

第五篇：第一講：把握文章主要內容,理解作者的思想感情

第一講：把握文章主要內容，理解作者的思想感情

1、歸納文章的主要內容

文章的主要內容，一般是指文章的主要情節，如果是記事的文章，就得知道事情得起因、經過和結果；如果是記人得文章，就得了解是一位怎樣得人，他有哪些主要表現；如果是寫景狀物得文章，就得弄清寫了哪些景物，表達了怎樣得思想感情。

歸納主要內容，一般有如下幾種方法：

（1）段意歸納法。先認真閱讀文章，明確每段得大意，再將各段大意連起來歸納一下，就能得出文章得主要內容。

（2）文題擴展法。就是對文章的題目提出一些問題，再把這些問題的答案歸納起來，就會得出文章的主要內容。

（3）取重點段法。有些文章的重點段的段意能體現主要內容，我們就可以采用這種方法。記敘文中心思想的提煉：

記敘文的中心意思是蘊涵在所記敘的人、事之中的，所以準確歸納記敘文中心的關鍵是正確理解文章的內容，具體的方法有以下幾種：

（1）抓住文中直接告訴讀者中心意思的語句。如《生命的意義》最后一段。

（2）抓住文章開頭、結尾段中提示中心意思的點題句、關鍵句，用適當的詞語連貫起來。（3）通過結構分析來歸納中心意思，把文章各部分的大意連貫起來，加以綜合概括，然后指出作者借以表達的思想、感情、態度等。

（4）聯系時代背景，領會寫作意圖，在此基礎上把握中心。如《最后一課》，我們只要了解法國當時瀕臨亡國的背景，就可以了解其中心了。

（5）審視文章題目，通過文章的題目，透視文章的主旨。

對文章中心的闡述，一般包括兩部分：一是文章寫了什么；一是所寫內容表現了什么思想，歌頌了什么，批判了什么。

概括中心思想的基本要求是：確切、完整、簡要。確切，就是要準確地概括出一篇文章所特有的思想意義；完整，就是要將文章的主要內容和作者寫這篇文章的目的完整地概括出來；簡要，就是語句應簡明扼要。

概括中心思想應分“三步走”：

（一）讀通文章，理解內容，知道文章寫了哪些內容；

（二）理清思路，分清主次，知道主要寫了什么內容；

（三）領會寫作意圖，知道作者在文章中贊揚什么，批評什么；歌頌什么，揭露什么；說明什么問題，抒發了什么感情。

2、文章思想感情的體會：

作者寫文章總有一定的目的，作者的寫作目的，往往體現在他所表達的思想和感情中。因此，體會文章里的思想感情也是學懂文章的基本要求。如何體會文章里的思想感情呢？（1）從重點句中去體會。（2）從關鍵詞語中去體會。

（3）從對人物的語言、動作、神情以及心理活動的描寫中去體會。（4）從對景物的描寫中去體會。“一切景語皆情語”，“景”和“情”是分不開的。（5）從標點符號中去體會。要特別注意文章中的感嘆號、省略號和問號的作用。答題樣式：

1.。。（人物）在。。（時間、地點）做。。（事件）。。。（結果如何）

2.本文贊美了/歌頌了/揭露了/。。表達了作者的。。之情。