第一篇：漢譯英翻譯答案

廣場舞是社區中老年居民以健身、社交等為目的在廣場、公園等開敞的地方進行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分貝的音樂伴奏。廣場舞在中國大陸無論南北皆十分普遍。對于廣場舞的確切認識，社會學界及體育界目前均未達成共識。廣場舞的高分貝音樂常常造成噪音滋擾，因此許多居民反對在小區中跳廣場舞。

The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music.The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south.Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing.The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.故宮，又稱紫禁城，是明、清兩代的皇宮，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和處理政務。它是世界現存最大、最完整的木質結構的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宮殿墻壁的色調以紅色和黃色為主,紅色代表快樂、好運和財富，而黃色代表帝王的神圣和尊貴。近十幾年來，故宮平均每年接待中外游客600-800萬人次，隨著旅游業的繁榮，游客人數有增無減，可見人們對故宮的興趣長盛不衰。

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.《新聞聯播》是中國中央電視臺（CCTV）每日播出的一個新聞節目。節目每次播出時長一般為30分鐘。它被中國大陸大多數地方頻道同時轉播，這使得它成為世界上收看人數最多的節目之一。自從1978年1月1日首次播出以來，它就以客觀、生動、豐富的紀實手段記錄著中華大地每一天的變化。作為中國官方新聞資訊類節目，《新聞聯播》以沉穩、莊重的風格著稱。

Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television(CCTV)every day.It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program.It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs.Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich.As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.倡導低碳生活，提升公民節能減排意識是應對全球變暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么難事，只要人人都樹立綠色環保意識，堅持從我做起、從身邊小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要讓綠色環保理念深入人心。要把綠色環保活動融入工作生活的方方面面，要有針對性地開展低碳生活的知識培訓；要積極倡導志愿者活動，全面宣傳節能減排、環境保護等方面的知識，提高全社會的低碳環保意識。

Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming.Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult.Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all.To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular.We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life;we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle;we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.中國教育工作者早就認識到讀書對于國家的重要意義。有些教育工作者2003年就建議設立全民讀書日。他們強調，人們應當讀好書，尤其是經典著作。通過閱讀，人們能更好地學會感恩、有責任心和與人合作，而教育的目的正是要培養這些基本素質。閱讀對于中小學生尤為重要，假如他們沒有在這個關鍵時期培養閱讀的興趣，以后要養成閱讀的習慣就很難了。

Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country.As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day.They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate.Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。

中國家庭一向尊老愛幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一輩人的意見受到尊重，小一輩的人得到全家的愛護。而隨著改革開放和經濟的發展，人口眾多的大家庭開始分解，出現了越來越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人生活費，并常去探望，幫他們干些家務活。在農村，盡管相當多的大家庭已經解體了，許多結了婚的兒子和他的家人還是和父母住在同一個院子里，這樣父母、子女可以互相幫助。

參考譯文：

In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved.In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members.With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families.In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores.In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.

第二篇：英語句子翻譯(漢譯英)及答案unit1-unit6

UNIT 1 1.她連水都不愿喝一口，更別提留下來吃飯了。（much less)2.他認為我在對他撒謊，但實際上我講的都是實話。（whereas)3.這個星期你每天都遲到，對此你怎么解釋？（account for)4.他們利潤增長的部分原因是采用了新的市場策略。（due to)5.這樣的措施很可能會帶來工作效率的提高。（result to)6.我們已經在這個項目上投入了大量時間和精力，所以我們只

能繼續。（pour into)UNIT 2 1.盡管她是家里的獨生女，她父母也從不溺愛她。（despite)2.邁克沒來參加昨晚的聚會，也沒給我打電話作任何解釋。（nor)3.坐在他旁邊的那個人確實發表過一些小說，但決不是什么大作家。（next to;by no means)4.他對足球不感興趣，也從不關心誰輸誰贏。（be indifferent to)5.經理需要一個可以信賴的助手，在他外出時，由助手負責處理問題。（count on)6.這是他第一次當著那么多觀眾演講。（in the presence of sb.)

UNIT 3 1.你再怎么有經驗，也得學習新技術。（never too...to...)2.還存在一個問題，那就是派誰去帶領那里的研究工作。（use an appositional structure)3.由于文化的不同，他們的關系在開始確實遇到了一些困難。（meet with)4.雖然他歷經浮沉，但我始終相信他總有一天會成功的。（ups and downs;all along)5.我對你的說法的真實性有些保留看法。（have reservations about)6.她長得并不特別高，但是她身材瘦，給人一種個子高的錯覺。（give an illusion of)UNIT 4

1.有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？（use “it”as the formal subject)2.不管黑貓白貓，能抓住老鼠就是好貓。（as long as)3.你必須明天上午十點之前把那筆錢還給我。（without fail)4.請允許我參加這個項目，我對這個項目非常感興趣。（more than+ adjective)5.人人都知道他比較特殊：他來去隨意。（be free to do sth.)6.看她臉上不悅的神色，我覺得她似乎有什么話想跟我說。（free as though)UNIT 5 1.他說話很自信，給我留下了很深的印象。（use “which”to refer back to an idea or situation)2.我父親太愛忘事，總是在找鑰匙。（use“so...that...”to emphasize the degree of something)3.我十分感激你給我的幫助。（be grateful for)4.光線不足，加上地面潮濕，使得駕駛十分困難。（coupled with)5.由于缺乏資金，他們不得不取消了創業計劃。（starve of)6.每當有了麻煩，他們總是依靠我們。（lean on)UNIT 6 1.就像機器需要經常運轉一樣，身體也需要經常鍛煉。（as...so...）2.在美國學習時，他學會了彈鋼琴。（while+V-ing)3.令我們失望的事，他拒絕了我們的邀請。（turn down)4.真是情況是，不管是好是壞，隨著新科技的進步，世界發生了變化。（for better or worse)5.我班里的大多數女生在被要求回答問題時都似乎感到不自在。（ill at ease)6.當地政府負責運動會的安全。（take charge of)UNIT 1 1.She wouldn't take a drink,much less could she stay for dinner.2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project,so we have to carry on.UNIT 2 1.Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family,she is never babied by her parents.2.Mike didn't come to the party last night,nor did he call me to give an explanation.3.The person sitting next to him did publish some novels,but he is by no means a great writer.4.He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins to loses.5.The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.6.This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.UNIT 3

1.You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.2.There remains one problem,namely,who should be sent to head the research there.3.Their relationship did meet with som difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences.4.Though he has had ups and downs,I believed all along that he would succeed someday.5.I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.6.She isn't particularly tall,but her slim figure gives an illusion of height.UNTI 4

1.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from a far.2.It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.3.You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning.4.Allow me to take part in this project:I am more than a little interested in it.5.Everyone knows that he is special:He is free to come and go as he pleases.6.Watching the unhappy look on her face,I felt as though she wishes to say something to me.UNIT 5 1.He spoke confidently,which impressed me most.2.My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys.3.I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.4.The bad light,coupled with the wet ground,made driving very difficult.5.Being starved of funds,they had to cancel their plan to start a business.6.They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.UNIT 6 1.(Just)as a machine needs regular running,so does the body need regular exercise.2.He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.3.To our disappointment,he turned down out invitation.4.The reality is that,for better or worse,the world has changed with advance of new technologies.5.Most of the female students in my class appear to be ill at ease when(they are)required to answer questions.6.The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting.UNIT 1

As foreigner doing business in the United States, I feel very rushed.I am used to friendly opening exchanges when doing business.Here in Chicago,things are different.There is no time for getting to know one another.This does not seem < 1 > to me.There is no chance to develop a sense of trust when people meet to talk over issues.There are no < 2 >like tea or coffee before discussing business,though this is a(n)< 3 >in my country When we discuss business it starts with a(n)

第三篇：英語六級漢譯英翻譯.doc

北京計劃未來三年投資7600億元治理污染，從減少pm2.5排放入手。這一新公布的計劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括500萬輛機動車的尾氣排放、周邊地區燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵，另外850億元用于新建或升級城市垃圾處理和污水處理設施，加上300億元投資未來三年的植樹造林。

市政府還計劃建造一批水循環利用工廠，并制止違章建筑，以改善環境。另外，北京還將更嚴厲地處罰違反減排規定的行為。

2014年6月英語六級翻譯真題及答案：治理污染

Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust.Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city.In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment.Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

第四篇：漢譯英翻譯技巧

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Theory： Translation Process 1.The comprehension

1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context

漢英短語比較：

1、漢詞英譯法：

翻譯詞，基本任務是詞義的對應轉換，形式問題是第二位的任務。對應，又稱“直譯法。”但必須受一詞多義和慣用法等機制的調節。

如：佳期wedding day，佳人 beautiful woman，佳節joyful festival，佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food

2闡釋，主要是難以取得雙語對應契合時，義恰如其分的鋪衍方式加以解釋，常見的是文化隔膜形成的對應障礙。如：城樓tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker

留用人員personnel kept on after reshuffle 民樂 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城計 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff

3引申，由一般的、泛指詞義到具體的、特指詞義的引申

如：時令

season 太平間 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments

輕生 commit suicide

體魄健壯的男孩an athletic boy 由具體的、特指詞義到一般的、泛指詞義的引申。如：連珠 in rapid succession

文盲 illiteracy

十二萬分地（感激）extremely 慢鏡頭slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我們客棧熱誠歡迎來自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!

4轉換：詞類轉換，句中肯、否定式 的轉換，例：

人生瑣事 the little nothings of life

等閑視之 think nothing of 家常便飯 make nothing of

請來吃頓家常便飯。Come along and take potluck

在北京，堵車是家常便飯。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化（虛化）

“鬧名利”譯為：be out for fame and gain

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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear

“洗耳恭聽” listen with attentive ears

6.融合：緊縮語義的代償手段

如：大小 size，長短length，輕重 weight 始終all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong 例1別理他，這人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2萬一她有個好歹，請立刻打電話給我。

If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代

目不識丁 not know one’s ABC

天字第一號A1 裙帶風nepotism

中藥三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋參）

金不換 precious(be more valuable than gold)

8.音譯：

商標：百事可樂PepsiCola；

萬事達Master

9.注釋(exegesis)：

最常用的是音譯加注（漢語范疇詞category word）disco迪斯科舞

hamburg漢堡包

Benz奔馳車

The Times《泰晤士報》

春秋戰國Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，鐵觀音 Iron Guanyin tea

Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名勝古跡 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山綠水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 魚米之鄉 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.該地區三面與公園帶相連，四大開闊的廣場有草坪有樹木，打破了城市建筑的規律性。城區三面綠地環繞，四大廣場草坪開闊，碧草綠樹掩映，打破了城區建筑的單一布局。

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Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃藥 take medicine（下棋）吃掉一個子 take a piece 吃掉敵人一個團 annihilate an enemy regiment 連吃敗仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一槍 get shot in the leg 吃閉門羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 這種紙不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃這一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不務正業，專吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你這老一套現在可吃不開了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.這件事你如果說出去，我叫你吃不了兜著走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走這么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦，方為人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡車，這座橋也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你別想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要請我們吃館子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考慮清楚，免得吃后悔藥。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形勢吃緊。The situation was critical.他那堅強的毅力使人吃驚。His will power is amazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃虧。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技術好，到哪兒都吃得開。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一塹，長一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

第五篇：漢譯英翻譯的技巧

漢譯英翻譯的技巧

一.正確認識翻譯技巧

從中國人進行的翻譯定位上看，無論是英譯漢還是漢譯英，其根本問題都在譯者的英語水平或造詣上。英譯漢的題型，關鍵在于理解原文；而漢譯英的題型，關鍵在于如何綜合運用所學的英文知識，將我們原本理解的相當明白的漢語文字，以準確的英語通順地表達出來。筆者想提醒考生注意的是，各種翻譯技巧只是工具。茅盾先生有一句話，如果兩種語言的功底不夠，那些技巧你也用不上；但若功底深厚，那些條條就成了不足取的框框。

因此，我們對于翻譯技巧的講解，只是大致談幾個方面，大家在翻譯的過程中了解注意就可以了。關鍵在于遵循常用方法多做練習，只有經過大量的訓練，不懈的練習，才可以熟能生巧。大家的英語水平提高了，詞匯量有了一定的積累，各種句型結構熟透于心了，翻譯水平自然會上去的。

二.關于漢譯英的翻譯技巧，我們大致需要注意這幾方面：

1、翻譯的基本方法：關于直譯與意譯

英語和漢語是兩種不同的語言 ,每種語言都有各自獨立和分明的系統 ,在形態和句法方面二者存在很大差異。然而 ,兩種語言之間又存在一些相似性。比如在主謂詞序和動賓詞序上是一致的。正是由于英漢兩種語言既有共同點又有不同點 ,所以在翻譯實踐中 ,我們不能千篇一律地使用一種方法進行翻譯。直譯和意譯是兩種重要的翻譯方法。

直譯是既保持原文內容、又保持原文形式的翻譯方法或翻譯文字。意譯，也稱為自由翻譯 ,它是只保持原文內容、不保持原文形式的翻譯方法或翻譯文字。直譯與意譯相互關聯、互為補充，同時,它們又互相協調、互相滲透,不可分割。通過對直譯與意譯二者關系的正確理解,我們可以更多地認識到什么時候采用直譯、什么時候采用意譯，以及在運用直譯與意譯的時候所應該掌握的技巧、遵循的原則和應該注意的問題，最終達到提高翻譯能力及水平的目的。

考生這里應當注意，直譯不是死譯，而是指基本保留原有句子結構，照字面意思翻譯。例如：我們的朋友遍天下。如果譯成 “Our friends are all over the world”是直譯，而“We have friends all over the world”就是意譯。直譯以嚴格意義上的忠實為宗旨，意譯則更多考慮英語的特點。總之，選擇直譯還是意譯，應該根據文章具體需要而定，兩種譯法可以并用。

2、翻譯的變通手段

翻譯時不能簡單地或機械地逐字照譯，硬湊成英文，必須認真分析上下文，掌握詞的確切含義，然后用適當的英文表達，必要時應采用變通手段。

1）增詞、減詞

譯文的增詞、減詞都是為了更確切、更忠實地表達原文的含義和精神。譯文中添加一些原文沒有的詞句，表面上看似不忠實，但仔細分析就會發現這些增加的詞句所表達的意思并非無中生有，而是隱含在原文中的。減詞則是在不影響原意的情況下省略無關緊要的詞語，避免拖泥帶水。

如“感冒可以通過人的手傳染”可以譯為Flu can be spread by hand contact.其中的contact(接觸)就是根據譯文需要添加上的。而“百姓出現做飯點火難現象”中的“現象”一詞可以省略，只譯成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表達原文中的信息。我們分別來看幾個例句：

例1 我不覺得用英語與外國人交談有什么困難。

I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.（增形式主詞it）

例2 虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.（增連詞）

例3 他連續講了兩小時的法語，沒有出現任何的錯誤。

He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.（省動詞）

例4 人群漸漸靜了下來。Silence came over the crowds.（省副詞）

翻譯的變通手段2）詞類轉換

詞類變形和轉換，是英語語言的一個很重要的特點，特別是名詞、動詞、形容詞這三種最主要的詞類，大部分可以直接轉換使用，或者稍加變化(前綴、后綴等)即可轉換為另一種詞類。因此，詞類轉換是漢英翻譯中很重要的手段之一。如果運用得當，既可使譯文通順流暢，也能反映出英語的風格特點。下面將英漢互譯中最常見的詞類轉換現象，作一個簡單的介紹。

A.漢語中的動詞轉換成英語中的名詞

漢語中動詞用的較多，除了動賓結構外，還有連動式、兼語式等兩個動詞以上連用的現象。英語則不然，一句話往往只有一個謂語動詞，但英語中的名詞比漢語中的名詞用的多。基于兩種語言的這一特點，在漢譯英時常把漢語中的動詞轉換為英語中的名詞。例如： 你必須好好地照顧病人。

You must take good care of the patient.他善于觀察。

He is a good observer.在上述兩句中，“照顧”，“觀察”都是動詞，但譯成英語，則用的是名詞care和 observer。反之，在翻譯過程中，有時也要把漢語中的名詞轉換成英語的動詞。例如： 他的演講給我們的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.漢語句子中“印象”是名詞，英語句子中則換成了動詞。

B.漢語中的動詞轉換為英語的形容詞

漢語中一些表示知覺、情感的動詞，往往可以轉譯成英語系動詞+形容詞的結構，例如： 我為他的健康擔憂。

I am worried about his health.我們對她所做的一切感到滿意。We are satisfied with what she did.C.漢語中的形容詞轉化為英語中的名詞，反之亦然。你說他傻不傻？

Don't you think he is an idiot? 他的生日宴會很成功。

His birthday party was a great success.形容詞“傻”換成了英語名詞 an idiot；“成功”換成了英語名詞success。

D.其它轉換

除了最常見的名詞、動詞、形容詞之間的轉換，其它的詞類根據需要也可以互相轉換。不過要注意：這已不完全是詞類轉換的技巧，而是漢英思維和表達方式的不同了。例如： 露西和莉莉上同一個學校。

Lucy and Lily are in the same school.我反對這項法律。I am against the law.“上學”在漢語里是動詞，而英語可以用介詞in 表達；“反對”也是動詞，英語用介詞against 表示。

Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor.羅賓漢經常劫富濟貧。

英語形容詞rich, poor 換成了漢語的名詞“富、貧”。She is physically weak but mentally sound.她體質差但頭腦健全。

英語副詞physically 轉換成了漢語的名詞“體質”。

翻譯的變通手段3)語態轉換

由于在英漢兩種語言當中都有主動和被動兩種語態，在漢譯英時，人們常常會簡單地認為只要按照原句的語態處理就行了。事實上并非如此。在英語中被動語態的使用頻率要遠遠高于漢語。如果一味按照原句的語態來翻譯，往往會使譯文顯得十分別扭。所以我們在漢譯英時需要靈活運用語態之間的轉換。我們這里主要講三種情況：

漢語被動句的構成大致可分為兩類：一類帶有明顯的被動標記詞（就是“被”“讓”那些）；另一類則沒有這種標記詞。人們通常使用后一類型的被動句。但不論哪一種類型，翻譯成英語時基本上仍可運用被動語態。

A.用“被、通過、讓、給、遭、由、受、為……所”等標記詞表示被動語態的漢語被動句。這類句子一般表示較強的被動意義，強調被動的動作。例1 這本書已經被譯成多種語言。

譯文：The book has already been translated into many languages.簡評：原文強調的是“這本書”已經被翻譯成多種語言，并不強調是“誰”翻譯了這本書，不強調“翻譯”這個動作的施動者。因此，英語譯文采用被動語態完全符合原文表達內涵。例2 這個小男孩在放學回家的路上受了傷。

譯文：The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.簡評：小男孩受了傷，這是全句要表達的中心意思。但是他為什么會受傷？被人打？被車撞？被石頭絆？被異物砸？句子沒有交代。一般情況下沒人會自己傷害自己，因此在“受傷”這點上，男孩是動作的目標。中文采用“受”表明被動，英語也用被動語態來翻譯，目的是闡述小男孩受傷這個事實。

帶有上述被動標記的句子可以譯成英語的被動句。但是，也并不是所有帶有被動標記的句子都要這樣處理，要具體情況具體對待。B.被動標記詞不明顯的漢語被動句。這類句子一般都有主語和謂語動詞，但其主語實際上是動作承受者，并不是動作執行者。真正的動作執行者并沒有出現。這樣的句子形式上是主動句，含義上卻是被動的。事實上，這種被動句在日常生活中使用頻率更高，在譯成英文時往往要采用被動語態。請看下列句子： 例3 門鎖好了。

譯文：The door has been locked up.簡評：句子的主語是“門”，動作是“鎖”。但是眾所周知，一個非生命體“門”如何實施一個動作“鎖”？很顯然，“門”也許是媽媽鎖上的。這句話沒有一個表示被動語態的被動標記詞，但卻是一個經典的被動語態句。因此，翻譯成英文時不能說成The door has locked itself.例4 這個問題早解決了。

譯文：This problem has long been solved.簡評：中文常說“問題有待解決”，這和本句結構相同，都是“解決”這個動作的目標——“問題”作整個句子的主語。但表示被動語態。英語里也只能說sb.solves the problem或 the problem is solved。

C.除此之外，漢語還存在一種“怪現象”，即：用主動語態來表達被動意義。例如“在……中”嵌入及物動詞可用于表示被動意義。這種情況在譯成英語時，一般也選擇被動語態來翻譯。例5 新住宅在建造中。

譯文：New houses are being built.例6 新教材在印刷中。

譯文：New textbooks are being printed.翻譯的變通手段4）分譯與合譯

句子的分譯與合譯是較為復雜的課題，也是翻譯中常需要解決的問題。通常情況下，長句要分譯，短句要合譯，但不可一概而論。決定分譯與合譯的重要因素還取決于句中的各個成分之間意思上的關聯，以及該句與上下文之間含義的連貫，同時還要符合英語的表達習慣。A.句子的分譯

需要分譯的句子，多數是長句，或者是結構復雜的復句。這種句子如果翻譯成一個長句，就會使譯文累贅、冗長；如果采用分譯，就會使原文內容層次分明，譯文易于理解。比如： 餐館里只有幾個人，或許是因為天氣冷的緣故吧！

There were only a few people in the restaurant.Probably because of the cold weather!由于我們考試中一般太長的句子也不常見，故不多舉例。B.句子的合譯

盡管英語句子日趨簡潔，但從句套從句，短語含短語也頻頻出現，較漢語而言長句多，所以在翻譯中，就要把漢語的兩個或多個句子合譯為英語的一句。例如： 對我來說，我的小房間就像我自己的一個小王國。我就是里面的國王。

To me my small room is like my own little kingdom, where I am king.