第一篇：漢譯英單句翻譯

1.根據它的叫聲特點，人們把蟬又稱作知了

Another name for the cicada is Zhiliao, or know all, for that’s how sounds to the Chinese.2.紀曉嵐是乾隆的寵臣，曾三次任禮部尚書

Jixiaolan enjoyed great favor in Emperor Qianlong’s court and was times the Ministry of Rites.3.中國人又在正月十五晚上吃元宵，賞花燈的習俗。

The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.4.他的不合作態度是這個項目進展十分緩慢。

The project is making slow progress because of his uncooperativeness.5.你們誰想參加春游就在星期五之前報名并交費。

Whoever wants to join the spring out ing should sign up and pay the expenses before Friday.6.我覺得這個店里的衣服即使打折也還是太貴。

I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.7.就目前情況看，工程造價將會超出預算百分之三十。

8.萬一你想取消這次旅行，請至少提前一個月書面通知我們

If you should want to cancel the trip, please notify us in writing at least one month in advance.9.想讓他答應如此要求恐怕不大可能

I’mafraid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request

10.在董事會年會上，他請大家注意一個被普遍忽視的問題

At the annual meeting of the board of directors, he called everyone’s attention to a commonly ignored problem.11.聽到這個消息，她心里一沉，但還是勉強擠出一點微笑。

Her heart sank when she heard the news, but she still managed to force a smile.12.收到請帖后她覺得左右為難，不知該不該接受

13.如果不適當地處理，鍋爐及機動車輛排出的廢氣就會造成城市空氣污染

Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.14.如果說，詞匯是語言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are “fundamental parts” of writings.15.魯迅的骨頭是最硬的，他沒有絲毫的奴顏和媚骨，這是殖民地半殖民地人民最可寶貴的性格。

Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity,free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness, this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.16.胎又癟了。

We’ve got another flat tire.17.人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。We can not judge a person by appearance 18.在歷史上，由于長江不斷改道，在武漢地區形成了眾多的湖泊。

The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan city in central China.19.健康不佳就無法有效工作。

Poor health may cause one’s inefficiency at work.20.北京地區由于近些年加強了植樹造林，在一些地方飛來了稀有的鳥類。

Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woods there these years.21.世紀交替，千年更迭，人類社會的發展正在揭開新的篇章。

The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of human society.22.世紀之交，中國外交空前活躍。

At the turn of the century, China is most active in its diplomatic activities.23.你做這事不費吹灰之力。

It is very easy for you to do such a thing.24.決定把這問題到下次會上討論。

It was decided to bring the matter up at the next meeting.25.這時我激動得說不出話來。

I am too excited to utter any words.26.成都新改建的府南河兩岸將修建許多草坪和居民大樓。

Plenty of lawns and apartment houses will be built along both the banks of the newly-renovated Funan River.27.這件事至今還沒有得出正確的結論。

So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.28.有明顯的跡象表明，一些古老的傳統和價值觀不再為年輕人所珍藏。

Obvious signs show that some old traditions and values are not cherished by youth any more.29.收音機的成本降低了80%。

The cost of radio sets was reduced by 80%.30.可以預見，在一個不太長的時間內，中國比在科學技術方面趕上世界最先進的國家。It can be predicted that China will catch up with the most advanced nations in the world in science and technology in not too long a time.31.好像有點不大對頭。

There seems something wrong about it.32.古今中外，這種情況概莫能外。

There is no exception to this in modern or ancient times,in China or elsewhere.33.古今中外，在商貿市場上歷來都是大魚吃小魚。

There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business.34.到了濟南府，進得城來，家家泉水，戶戶垂楊，比那江南風景，覺得更具為有趣。When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.35.北京很好玩。

Beijing is a city to have fun.36.北京外來人口逐年增多。

The number of people from other places in Beijing increases yeat by year.37.從北京乘火車到鄭州要花十多個小時。

It takes more than ten hours to ride by train from Beijing to Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province near Beijing.38.總統明天準備乘專機前往上海參觀訪問。The president prepares to go to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit tomorrow.39.晚上過來跟我們一塊打保齡球如何？

Would you come to join us for playing bowling this evening? 40.中央政府不敢與香港特別行政區的事務。

The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.41.中國經濟將融入世界經濟的大潮。

The economy of China will converge with that of the world.42.新的經典不斷出現，觀光人數不斷增加，地區經濟也有了很大發展。

The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy.43.本文所講的內容對通訊工程來說是很有趣的。

44.在零售和烹調行業方面，加班企業的買賣完全超過了國家辦的。

45.和古廟正好個和相對的那座寶塔據說是明代的建筑。

46.我們大為驚奇的是，那幢經受強烈地震而幸存下來的唯一建筑物竟是磚木結構。

47.我們必須培養分析問題解決問題的能力

We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problems 48.要提倡顧全大局

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation 49.這真是俗話說的，“旁觀者清” It was the saying goes, “the observer is clear” 50.中國經濟現在還處在落后狀態 China’s economy is still backward 51.這些蘋果你們四個人分

These apples shared by four people 52.她不把他當公公，而當作親爹。

She considered him not a father-in-law but a father 53.我們黨結束了那個時期的社會動蕩和紛擾不安的局面

Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and unpheaval 54.在交作業之前必須讀幾遍，看看有沒有要修改的地方

Before handing in your homework, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved 55.他聲稱男子氣概和勇氣只有在戰場上才能得當考驗

He claimed that manhood and courage could be test only on the battlefield

56.花園里面是人間的樂園，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的綾羅綢緞，花不完的金銀財寶。

The garden was the paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed, and more money than could be spent.57.耳朵是用來聽聲音的器官，鼻子用來聞氣味，舌頭用來藏滋味

The ear is the organ that is used for hearing.The nose is used for smelling.The tongue is used for tasting 58.天已經相當晚了，我們決定在那桌廟里過夜

As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night 59.人口對住房的壓力減少，房價就會下降，建筑業自然就會削弱

When the pressure of population on housing decreases, pricesalso godown and the building industry is weakened 60.他用手蒙住臉，好像是為了保護眼睛

She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes 61.俘虜往往沈明，又望望其他人，沒有說下去

Looking at Shen Ming,then at the others,the prisoner of war fell silent 62.天氣這樣悶，十之八九要下雨

With the weather so dose and stuff, then to one it’ll rain presently 63.這對年輕夫婦并不相配，一個是西施，一個是張飛

This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute.64.在黨的領導下，中國人民已經完成了解放事業

Under the leadership of the party the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation 65.也許您忘記了7月份的購貨帳還沒有結算

Perhaps you have forgot the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled 66.多年來哪個國家一直有嚴重的失業現象

For many year there has been serious unemphyment in that country 67.誰不盼望自己有個健康的身體，又有誰不盼望能有一個幸福美滿的家庭，其實家庭和健康之間存在著密切而不可分割的關系

Who doesn’t hope for a healthy physique and a happy family? As a matter of fact，there exists an intimate and inseparable relation between the family and health．

68.到目前為止，在西藏高原和其他地方建立起50多個機構研究西藏文化——藏學。1986年在北京還成立了一個西藏學中心

So far, more than 50 institutions of Tibetology—the study of Tibetan culture—have been set up in the plateau as well as other places and a Tibetan studies center was founded in Beijing in 1986

69.鼎湖山整個地區為熱帶、亞熱帶森林所覆蓋，氣候獨特

Dinghu Mountain is covered by tropical as well as subtropical forest and has unique climate.70.該計劃將有一個特別委員會加以審查

This plane will be examined by a special committee 71.廣州地鐵二號線的列車是從德國空運過來的。

The metro trains of line I in Guangzhou was transported from German 72.有些問題還需要澄清

These questions have to be clarified 73.當下眾人七言八語

By now proposals of all kinds were being made 74.據說核電站正在籌建中 It is said that nuclear power plants are undered preparation for construction 75.他們努力盡可能快的速度提高產量

They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible 76.這是能想得出的最好解決辦法

This is the best solution imaginable 77.避暑山莊和北京的故宮、山東曲阜的孔廟一樣，是中國保存最完好的古代建筑群，也是中國現存規模最大的古典皇家園林

The Summer Palace of Chengde is one of the three best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China, the other two being the forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong Province.78.無云散掉之后，太陽又開始放射光芒。

The dark clouds having dispersed,the sun shone again 79.是他吃驚的是，她不僅沒有表揚他，反而批評了他 To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him 80.我們得早點到達那里

We have to be there earlier 81.會議將于明天下午在國際會議廳舉行

The meeting will be held in the International Conference Hall.82.我們上星期在他家飽餐了一頓

We ate to our heart’s content at her home last Sunday.83.我們明天早上七點鐘動身

We shall start at seven tomorrow morning 84.他出生在紹興附近的一個小村子里 He was born in a small village near ShaoXing 85.粗活

Heavy manual labor 86.臭豆腐 Stinking toufu 87.交通暢達

Nice traffic 88.我們暢談了整整一夜

We talked the night over freely and to our heart’s content 89.他笨手笨腳的

He is too clumsy 90.你應丟掉不切實際的幻想

You should cast away any illusions 91.小說的情節錯綜復雜，引人入勝

The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating 92.祖國的前途光輝燦爛

The future of our motherland shines with great splender 93.現在形勢大好

Now the situation is excellent 94.大好時機 Golden opportunity 95.大干 Go all out 96.大白菜

Chinese Cabbage 97.他給多愁善感的瑪麗寫了封信 He wrote a letter to the sentimental Marie.98.大作收到，十分高興。

I was very glad to have received your writing.99.我們響應了祖國的號召.We responded to the call of our motherland.100.我們的心永遠向著祖國

Our hearts are always towards our motherland.101.雪下了一整夜，厚厚的積雪覆蓋著地面

102.該定理的證明不困難

The proof of the law.103.現在人們越來越認識到這一方法是很有價值的 There is a growing awareness that this technique is of value.104.我們對問題要作全面的分析，才能解學得妥當

We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.105.老師在等我，我得走了

My teacher is waiting for me, so I have to leave 106.她不來，我不走

If he doesn’t come, I shall not go 107.東方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方

When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west；when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.108.送君千里，終有一別

Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last 109.我們應當逐步消滅城鄉差別

We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country 110.那我們在山腳見吧

Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.111.你白天還是晚上飛廣州？

Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night? 112.班門弄斧

Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.113.三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.114.心病終需心藥治，解鈴還須系鈴人

No remedy but love can make the lovesick well, only the hand that tied the knot can loose the tiger’s bell.115.結婚大辦酒席，是在可以免去了

Giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.116.我們把沒收土地改為減租減息

We have altered the policy of confiscating the land of the landlords to the one of reducing the rent and interest.117.我已經提前完成了交給我的工作，他也提前完成了交給他的工作 I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.118.野心不僅是罪惡的根源，也是毀滅的根源 Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.119.說起季羨林先生的認真，那是出了名的

Professor Ji Xianlin had a reputation for being contentious.120.郭沫若同志曾說：“中國人民歷來是勇于探索、勇于創造、用于革命的。”

Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.” 121.美國的戰爭景氣，僅僅是一時的現象

The warboom in the United States of America was only temporary.122.這些都是人民內部矛盾的問題

All these are contradictions amidst the people 123.這些新興汽車速度快，效率高，行動靈活

The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.124.這個口號，是對于在中國和帝國主義國家的關系的問題上，特別是在中國和美國的關系的問題上，還抱有某些幻想的人們說的。

125.基于伊拉克目前社會動蕩和紛擾不安的局面，中國駐伊拉克大使館已經向德國訂購了兩輛防彈轎車

The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present.126.匪軍所至，殺戮人民，奸淫婦女，焚毀村莊，掠奪財物，無所不用其極

Wherever the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at

nothing.127.200公里航道上遍布著無數險灘。險灘上江流洶涌，回旋激蕩，水擊礁石，浪花飛濺。Numerous shoals scattered over the 200 km course give rise to many eddies.Pounding on the midstream rocks ,the river roars thunderously.128.我們必須堅持社會主義道路，堅持人民民主專政即無產階級專政，堅持共產黨領導，堅持馬列主義、毛澤東思想

We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship, the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.

第二篇：漢譯英翻譯答案

廣場舞是社區中老年居民以健身、社交等為目的在廣場、公園等開敞的地方進行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分貝的音樂伴奏。廣場舞在中國大陸無論南北皆十分普遍。對于廣場舞的確切認識，社會學界及體育界目前均未達成共識。廣場舞的高分貝音樂常常造成噪音滋擾，因此許多居民反對在小區中跳廣場舞。

The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music.The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south.Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing.The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.故宮，又稱紫禁城，是明、清兩代的皇宮，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和處理政務。它是世界現存最大、最完整的木質結構的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宮殿墻壁的色調以紅色和黃色為主,紅色代表快樂、好運和財富，而黃色代表帝王的神圣和尊貴。近十幾年來，故宮平均每年接待中外游客600-800萬人次，隨著旅游業的繁榮，游客人數有增無減，可見人們對故宮的興趣長盛不衰。

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.《新聞聯播》是中國中央電視臺（CCTV）每日播出的一個新聞節目。節目每次播出時長一般為30分鐘。它被中國大陸大多數地方頻道同時轉播，這使得它成為世界上收看人數最多的節目之一。自從1978年1月1日首次播出以來，它就以客觀、生動、豐富的紀實手段記錄著中華大地每一天的變化。作為中國官方新聞資訊類節目，《新聞聯播》以沉穩、莊重的風格著稱。

Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television(CCTV)every day.It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program.It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs.Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich.As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.倡導低碳生活，提升公民節能減排意識是應對全球變暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么難事，只要人人都樹立綠色環保意識，堅持從我做起、從身邊小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要讓綠色環保理念深入人心。要把綠色環保活動融入工作生活的方方面面，要有針對性地開展低碳生活的知識培訓；要積極倡導志愿者活動，全面宣傳節能減排、環境保護等方面的知識，提高全社會的低碳環保意識。

Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming.Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult.Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all.To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular.We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life;we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle;we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.中國教育工作者早就認識到讀書對于國家的重要意義。有些教育工作者2003年就建議設立全民讀書日。他們強調，人們應當讀好書，尤其是經典著作。通過閱讀，人們能更好地學會感恩、有責任心和與人合作，而教育的目的正是要培養這些基本素質。閱讀對于中小學生尤為重要，假如他們沒有在這個關鍵時期培養閱讀的興趣，以后要養成閱讀的習慣就很難了。

Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country.As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day.They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate.Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。

中國家庭一向尊老愛幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一輩人的意見受到尊重，小一輩的人得到全家的愛護。而隨著改革開放和經濟的發展，人口眾多的大家庭開始分解，出現了越來越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人生活費，并常去探望，幫他們干些家務活。在農村，盡管相當多的大家庭已經解體了，許多結了婚的兒子和他的家人還是和父母住在同一個院子里，這樣父母、子女可以互相幫助。

參考譯文：

In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved.In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members.With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families.In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores.In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.

第三篇：英語六級漢譯英翻譯.doc

北京計劃未來三年投資7600億元治理污染，從減少pm2.5排放入手。這一新公布的計劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括500萬輛機動車的尾氣排放、周邊地區燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵，另外850億元用于新建或升級城市垃圾處理和污水處理設施，加上300億元投資未來三年的植樹造林。

市政府還計劃建造一批水循環利用工廠，并制止違章建筑，以改善環境。另外，北京還將更嚴厲地處罰違反減排規定的行為。

2014年6月英語六級翻譯真題及答案：治理污染

Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust.Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city.In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment.Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

第四篇：漢譯英翻譯技巧

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Theory： Translation Process 1.The comprehension

1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context

漢英短語比較：

1、漢詞英譯法：

翻譯詞，基本任務是詞義的對應轉換，形式問題是第二位的任務。對應，又稱“直譯法。”但必須受一詞多義和慣用法等機制的調節。

如：佳期wedding day，佳人 beautiful woman，佳節joyful festival，佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food

2闡釋，主要是難以取得雙語對應契合時，義恰如其分的鋪衍方式加以解釋，常見的是文化隔膜形成的對應障礙。如：城樓tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker

留用人員personnel kept on after reshuffle 民樂 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城計 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff

3引申，由一般的、泛指詞義到具體的、特指詞義的引申

如：時令

season 太平間 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments

輕生 commit suicide

體魄健壯的男孩an athletic boy 由具體的、特指詞義到一般的、泛指詞義的引申。如：連珠 in rapid succession

文盲 illiteracy

十二萬分地（感激）extremely 慢鏡頭slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我們客棧熱誠歡迎來自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!

4轉換：詞類轉換，句中肯、否定式 的轉換，例：

人生瑣事 the little nothings of life

等閑視之 think nothing of 家常便飯 make nothing of

請來吃頓家常便飯。Come along and take potluck

在北京，堵車是家常便飯。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化（虛化）

“鬧名利”譯為：be out for fame and gain

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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear

“洗耳恭聽” listen with attentive ears

6.融合：緊縮語義的代償手段

如：大小 size，長短length，輕重 weight 始終all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong 例1別理他，這人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2萬一她有個好歹，請立刻打電話給我。

If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代

目不識丁 not know one’s ABC

天字第一號A1 裙帶風nepotism

中藥三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋參）

金不換 precious(be more valuable than gold)

8.音譯：

商標：百事可樂PepsiCola；

萬事達Master

9.注釋(exegesis)：

最常用的是音譯加注（漢語范疇詞category word）disco迪斯科舞

hamburg漢堡包

Benz奔馳車

The Times《泰晤士報》

春秋戰國Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，鐵觀音 Iron Guanyin tea

Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名勝古跡 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山綠水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 魚米之鄉 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.該地區三面與公園帶相連，四大開闊的廣場有草坪有樹木，打破了城市建筑的規律性。城區三面綠地環繞，四大廣場草坪開闊，碧草綠樹掩映，打破了城區建筑的單一布局。

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Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃藥 take medicine（下棋）吃掉一個子 take a piece 吃掉敵人一個團 annihilate an enemy regiment 連吃敗仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一槍 get shot in the leg 吃閉門羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 這種紙不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃這一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不務正業，專吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你這老一套現在可吃不開了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.這件事你如果說出去，我叫你吃不了兜著走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走這么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦，方為人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡車，這座橋也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你別想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要請我們吃館子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考慮清楚，免得吃后悔藥。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形勢吃緊。The situation was critical.他那堅強的毅力使人吃驚。His will power is amazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃虧。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技術好，到哪兒都吃得開。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一塹，長一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

第五篇：漢譯英翻譯的技巧

漢譯英翻譯的技巧

一.正確認識翻譯技巧

從中國人進行的翻譯定位上看，無論是英譯漢還是漢譯英，其根本問題都在譯者的英語水平或造詣上。英譯漢的題型，關鍵在于理解原文；而漢譯英的題型，關鍵在于如何綜合運用所學的英文知識，將我們原本理解的相當明白的漢語文字，以準確的英語通順地表達出來。筆者想提醒考生注意的是，各種翻譯技巧只是工具。茅盾先生有一句話，如果兩種語言的功底不夠，那些技巧你也用不上；但若功底深厚，那些條條就成了不足取的框框。

因此，我們對于翻譯技巧的講解，只是大致談幾個方面，大家在翻譯的過程中了解注意就可以了。關鍵在于遵循常用方法多做練習，只有經過大量的訓練，不懈的練習，才可以熟能生巧。大家的英語水平提高了，詞匯量有了一定的積累，各種句型結構熟透于心了，翻譯水平自然會上去的。

二.關于漢譯英的翻譯技巧，我們大致需要注意這幾方面：

1、翻譯的基本方法：關于直譯與意譯

英語和漢語是兩種不同的語言 ,每種語言都有各自獨立和分明的系統 ,在形態和句法方面二者存在很大差異。然而 ,兩種語言之間又存在一些相似性。比如在主謂詞序和動賓詞序上是一致的。正是由于英漢兩種語言既有共同點又有不同點 ,所以在翻譯實踐中 ,我們不能千篇一律地使用一種方法進行翻譯。直譯和意譯是兩種重要的翻譯方法。

直譯是既保持原文內容、又保持原文形式的翻譯方法或翻譯文字。意譯，也稱為自由翻譯 ,它是只保持原文內容、不保持原文形式的翻譯方法或翻譯文字。直譯與意譯相互關聯、互為補充，同時,它們又互相協調、互相滲透,不可分割。通過對直譯與意譯二者關系的正確理解,我們可以更多地認識到什么時候采用直譯、什么時候采用意譯，以及在運用直譯與意譯的時候所應該掌握的技巧、遵循的原則和應該注意的問題，最終達到提高翻譯能力及水平的目的。

考生這里應當注意，直譯不是死譯，而是指基本保留原有句子結構，照字面意思翻譯。例如：我們的朋友遍天下。如果譯成 “Our friends are all over the world”是直譯，而“We have friends all over the world”就是意譯。直譯以嚴格意義上的忠實為宗旨，意譯則更多考慮英語的特點。總之，選擇直譯還是意譯，應該根據文章具體需要而定，兩種譯法可以并用。

2、翻譯的變通手段

翻譯時不能簡單地或機械地逐字照譯，硬湊成英文，必須認真分析上下文，掌握詞的確切含義，然后用適當的英文表達，必要時應采用變通手段。

1）增詞、減詞

譯文的增詞、減詞都是為了更確切、更忠實地表達原文的含義和精神。譯文中添加一些原文沒有的詞句，表面上看似不忠實，但仔細分析就會發現這些增加的詞句所表達的意思并非無中生有，而是隱含在原文中的。減詞則是在不影響原意的情況下省略無關緊要的詞語，避免拖泥帶水。

如“感冒可以通過人的手傳染”可以譯為Flu can be spread by hand contact.其中的contact(接觸)就是根據譯文需要添加上的。而“百姓出現做飯點火難現象”中的“現象”一詞可以省略，只譯成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表達原文中的信息。我們分別來看幾個例句：

例1 我不覺得用英語與外國人交談有什么困難。

I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.（增形式主詞it）

例2 虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.（增連詞）

例3 他連續講了兩小時的法語，沒有出現任何的錯誤。

He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.（省動詞）

例4 人群漸漸靜了下來。Silence came over the crowds.（省副詞）

翻譯的變通手段2）詞類轉換

詞類變形和轉換，是英語語言的一個很重要的特點，特別是名詞、動詞、形容詞這三種最主要的詞類，大部分可以直接轉換使用，或者稍加變化(前綴、后綴等)即可轉換為另一種詞類。因此，詞類轉換是漢英翻譯中很重要的手段之一。如果運用得當，既可使譯文通順流暢，也能反映出英語的風格特點。下面將英漢互譯中最常見的詞類轉換現象，作一個簡單的介紹。

A.漢語中的動詞轉換成英語中的名詞

漢語中動詞用的較多，除了動賓結構外，還有連動式、兼語式等兩個動詞以上連用的現象。英語則不然，一句話往往只有一個謂語動詞，但英語中的名詞比漢語中的名詞用的多。基于兩種語言的這一特點，在漢譯英時常把漢語中的動詞轉換為英語中的名詞。例如： 你必須好好地照顧病人。

You must take good care of the patient.他善于觀察。

He is a good observer.在上述兩句中，“照顧”，“觀察”都是動詞，但譯成英語，則用的是名詞care和 observer。反之，在翻譯過程中，有時也要把漢語中的名詞轉換成英語的動詞。例如： 他的演講給我們的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.漢語句子中“印象”是名詞，英語句子中則換成了動詞。

B.漢語中的動詞轉換為英語的形容詞

漢語中一些表示知覺、情感的動詞，往往可以轉譯成英語系動詞+形容詞的結構，例如： 我為他的健康擔憂。

I am worried about his health.我們對她所做的一切感到滿意。We are satisfied with what she did.C.漢語中的形容詞轉化為英語中的名詞，反之亦然。你說他傻不傻？

Don't you think he is an idiot? 他的生日宴會很成功。

His birthday party was a great success.形容詞“傻”換成了英語名詞 an idiot；“成功”換成了英語名詞success。

D.其它轉換

除了最常見的名詞、動詞、形容詞之間的轉換，其它的詞類根據需要也可以互相轉換。不過要注意：這已不完全是詞類轉換的技巧，而是漢英思維和表達方式的不同了。例如： 露西和莉莉上同一個學校。

Lucy and Lily are in the same school.我反對這項法律。I am against the law.“上學”在漢語里是動詞，而英語可以用介詞in 表達；“反對”也是動詞，英語用介詞against 表示。

Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor.羅賓漢經常劫富濟貧。

英語形容詞rich, poor 換成了漢語的名詞“富、貧”。She is physically weak but mentally sound.她體質差但頭腦健全。

英語副詞physically 轉換成了漢語的名詞“體質”。

翻譯的變通手段3)語態轉換

由于在英漢兩種語言當中都有主動和被動兩種語態，在漢譯英時，人們常常會簡單地認為只要按照原句的語態處理就行了。事實上并非如此。在英語中被動語態的使用頻率要遠遠高于漢語。如果一味按照原句的語態來翻譯，往往會使譯文顯得十分別扭。所以我們在漢譯英時需要靈活運用語態之間的轉換。我們這里主要講三種情況：

漢語被動句的構成大致可分為兩類：一類帶有明顯的被動標記詞（就是“被”“讓”那些）；另一類則沒有這種標記詞。人們通常使用后一類型的被動句。但不論哪一種類型，翻譯成英語時基本上仍可運用被動語態。

A.用“被、通過、讓、給、遭、由、受、為……所”等標記詞表示被動語態的漢語被動句。這類句子一般表示較強的被動意義，強調被動的動作。例1 這本書已經被譯成多種語言。

譯文：The book has already been translated into many languages.簡評：原文強調的是“這本書”已經被翻譯成多種語言，并不強調是“誰”翻譯了這本書，不強調“翻譯”這個動作的施動者。因此，英語譯文采用被動語態完全符合原文表達內涵。例2 這個小男孩在放學回家的路上受了傷。

譯文：The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.簡評：小男孩受了傷，這是全句要表達的中心意思。但是他為什么會受傷？被人打？被車撞？被石頭絆？被異物砸？句子沒有交代。一般情況下沒人會自己傷害自己，因此在“受傷”這點上，男孩是動作的目標。中文采用“受”表明被動，英語也用被動語態來翻譯，目的是闡述小男孩受傷這個事實。

帶有上述被動標記的句子可以譯成英語的被動句。但是，也并不是所有帶有被動標記的句子都要這樣處理，要具體情況具體對待。B.被動標記詞不明顯的漢語被動句。這類句子一般都有主語和謂語動詞，但其主語實際上是動作承受者，并不是動作執行者。真正的動作執行者并沒有出現。這樣的句子形式上是主動句，含義上卻是被動的。事實上，這種被動句在日常生活中使用頻率更高，在譯成英文時往往要采用被動語態。請看下列句子： 例3 門鎖好了。

譯文：The door has been locked up.簡評：句子的主語是“門”，動作是“鎖”。但是眾所周知，一個非生命體“門”如何實施一個動作“鎖”？很顯然，“門”也許是媽媽鎖上的。這句話沒有一個表示被動語態的被動標記詞，但卻是一個經典的被動語態句。因此，翻譯成英文時不能說成The door has locked itself.例4 這個問題早解決了。

譯文：This problem has long been solved.簡評：中文常說“問題有待解決”，這和本句結構相同，都是“解決”這個動作的目標——“問題”作整個句子的主語。但表示被動語態。英語里也只能說sb.solves the problem或 the problem is solved。

C.除此之外，漢語還存在一種“怪現象”，即：用主動語態來表達被動意義。例如“在……中”嵌入及物動詞可用于表示被動意義。這種情況在譯成英語時，一般也選擇被動語態來翻譯。例5 新住宅在建造中。

譯文：New houses are being built.例6 新教材在印刷中。

譯文：New textbooks are being printed.翻譯的變通手段4）分譯與合譯

句子的分譯與合譯是較為復雜的課題，也是翻譯中常需要解決的問題。通常情況下，長句要分譯，短句要合譯，但不可一概而論。決定分譯與合譯的重要因素還取決于句中的各個成分之間意思上的關聯，以及該句與上下文之間含義的連貫，同時還要符合英語的表達習慣。A.句子的分譯

需要分譯的句子，多數是長句，或者是結構復雜的復句。這種句子如果翻譯成一個長句，就會使譯文累贅、冗長；如果采用分譯，就會使原文內容層次分明，譯文易于理解。比如： 餐館里只有幾個人，或許是因為天氣冷的緣故吧！

There were only a few people in the restaurant.Probably because of the cold weather!由于我們考試中一般太長的句子也不常見，故不多舉例。B.句子的合譯

盡管英語句子日趨簡潔，但從句套從句，短語含短語也頻頻出現，較漢語而言長句多，所以在翻譯中，就要把漢語的兩個或多個句子合譯為英語的一句。例如： 對我來說，我的小房間就像我自己的一個小王國。我就是里面的國王。

To me my small room is like my own little kingdom, where I am king.