第一篇：漢譯英并列句型的翻譯總結

一 A + a 結構這種結構通常是指一個大句子后面帶有一個小結構，翻譯方法通常可以將前者翻譯成中心句，后面翻譯成同位語，介詞短語或是分詞和定語從句。

例1：現在我們有16個系，下設39個專業。There are 16 departments with 39 specialties in our school.（后面翻譯成with的介詞結構，這種形式是最常見的方法。）

例2：北京有10個區9個縣，總面積1萬6千800平方公里。There are 10 districts and 9 counties in Beijing with an area of 16 thousand 8 hundred square kilometers.（方法和上句一樣。）

例3：中國在2000年悉尼奧運會上，獲得28枚金牌，在獎牌榜上名列第三。China won 28 gold medals at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Game, ranking the 3rd on the medal tally.（這句是將后面的句子翻譯成分詞結構。）

例4：在過去的一年里，中國貫徹擴大內需的方針，經濟得到穩步發展。Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to steady economic development.（這種方法就是把后面一部分翻譯成非限定性定語從句，當然我們也可以用并列結構，但是在口譯考試中我們對主張用主次結構。）

二 A + a1 + a2 結構

這種結構通常是指在主句后面同時出現了兩個小句子，翻譯的方法通常是將后兩者同時變化成定語從句或是同位語的結構，還可以把其中兩個變成介詞或是同位語結構，這種結構十分常見。

例1：在過去的1年里，中國貫徹擴大內需的方針，經濟得到穩步發展，人民生活水平得到顯著提高。Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to stable economic development and significant improvement of people’s life.（這種方法就是把后面兩句全部變成定語從句，a1和a2同時形成并列結構。）

例2：黃河流經中國的9個省和自治區，全長5464公里，流域面積75萬2443平方公里。The Yellow River runs 5464 kms across 9 provinces and autonomous regions with drainage area of 752,443 square kms.（這句就是把最前句和最后句變成介詞結構，中間變成謂語結構。）

例3：北京現有體育館5000多個，其中可容納5000人的體育館8個，可容納2000人的15個。There are more than 5,000 stadiums in Beijing, including 8 can accommodate 5,000 each and 15 can do 2,000 each.（這句用的是方法就是把后兩者翻譯成定語從句。）

三 A + a + B 結構

這種結構和A + a1 + a2非常類似，我們在翻譯的時候就是要區分第三個句子究竟能不能和前一個句子連在一起，也就是說最后一個句子和前者有沒有密切的關系，當然在有些情況下，這兩個句子結構區分起來比較復雜，也比較難以區分。

例1：現在只有5個國家的婦女收入占男性收入的80%以上，而中國婦女的收入相當于男性收入的80.4%。Now, there are only 5 countries where women’s salaries make up 80% of men’s, while the income of the Chinese women equals to 80.4% that of man’s.（這句話把含有80%的這個小句子翻譯成了前者的從句，而后面的一個句子又重新起了一句，很顯然前兩個句子和第三個句子沒有什么邏輯關系。）

例2：據世界衛生組織的報告顯示，到2020 年，世界老人將超過10億，其中7億生活在發展中國家。目前，全世界60歲以上的老人大約有5.8億。According to a report of WHO, by 2020 it is estimated that the population of senior citizens will increase to 1 billion, including 700 million live in the less developed countries.There are 580 million people more than 60 years old all over the world at present.（這句話則比上一句更具有特點，很顯然，我們應該把“其中”這樣的句子歸類為前者，后面再重新起一句，前者形成分詞結構，這種結構也是考試的重點句型。）

四 A + B + b 結構

這種結構和A + a1 + a2也非常類似，我們在翻譯的時候就是要區分第二個句子究竟能不能和前一個句子連在一起，也就是說第二個句子和前者有沒有密切的關系，當然在有些情況下，這兩個句子結構區分起來比較復雜，很難區分。

例1：1990年，只有32%的3歲到6歲的兒童進入幼兒園，但是到1998年年底中國已經有18萬幼兒園，接收了2400萬兒童。In 1990, only 32% of children from 3 years old to 6 years old entered kindergartens, but by the end of 1998 there were kindergartens with 24 million children in China.（很顯然前面說的一件事情，后面說的兩件事情具有邏輯關系，所以我們把后面兩句放在一起翻譯，并且形成with的介詞結構。）

例2：我國于1999年10月已進入人口老齡化國家的行列，我們80歲以上的老人已達1100萬，并以年均5%的速度增長。China has become an aged society since October 1999.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.（這句話的翻譯方法和上句同樣，第三個句子形成with的介詞結構。）

五 A + a1 + a2 + a3 結構

這種結構實際上就是以上幾種結構的延伸，這樣的延續可能多個，而不止三個，其實方法都是一樣，就是將后三者變成并列層次，要么是定語從句，要么是同位語，要么是介詞結構。

例1：奧林匹克公園占地1215公頃，其中包括760公頃的森林綠地，50公頃的國際展覽體育中心以及405公頃的中華民族園。The Olympic Games Park covers an area of 1215 hectares, including 760 hectares woods and grassland, 50 hectares International Exhibition Sports Center and 405 hectares Chinese Ethnic Park./The Olympic Park covering 1215 hectares includes 760-hectare woods and grassland, 50-hectare International Exhibition Sports Center and 405-hectare Chinese Ethnic Park.（這句話提供了兩種翻譯版本，前者是將后三者變成介詞短語，第二種把后三者直接變成了表語，總之就是要體現出A句和后幾句的差異和關系。）

例2：在奧林匹克公園主建筑區內將建成容納8萬人的主體育場、2個大型綜合體育館、運動員村和國際展覽體育中心。In the main building area of the Olympic Games Park, a main stadium which accommodates 80 thousand people, 2 large sports complexes, the athletes’ village and the International Exhibition Sports Center are now under construction.（這句用的方法還是把后面的四者都變成了主語，和“奧林匹克公園主建筑區”這句形成結構上的差異。）

六 A + a + B + b 結構

這種結構就是把兩個A + a結構放在一起，其實方法和第一種很像，但是要形成兩個主句和兩個從屬成分。例1：2000年，全國共有普通高中14600所，在校生1201萬人，職業中學2萬所，在校學生1295萬人。

In 2000, there were 14.6 thousand regular senior high schools in China with 12.01 million students at school and 20 thousand vocational schools with 12.95 million students at school.（這句的翻譯方法就是用A + with + and + B + with的機構，這種方法在口譯考試出現的頻率是最高的。）

例2：2000年，全國有婦幼保健院609個，醫務工作者7.2萬人，婦幼保健所、站2598個。基層醫務工作者7.5萬人。In 2000, there were 609 women and children health centers with 72 thousand health and medical workers and 2598 local women and children health centers with 75 grass root health and medical workers.（這句的翻譯方法和上句同樣。）例3：我國于1999年10月已進入人口老齡化國家的行列，并以年均3%的速度持續增長，我們80歲以上的老人已達1100萬，并以年均5%的速度增長。

China has become an aged society since October 1999 with an average annual growth rate of 3%.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.（這句話說明了兩個事實，所以在翻譯的時候，我們可以分割成兩個A + a結構來進行翻譯。）

七 A + B + C 結構

這種結構就是把三個不相關的句子放在一起，那么在翻譯的時候我們要注意逐句翻譯。而且還要注意看看句子中是否存在有小結構，就是A的下部分有沒有a1或是a2等結構。例1：根據第五次全國人口普查，全國共有12億9335萬人，其中祖國大陸包括31個省，自治區和直轄市，不包括福建省金門，馬祖島和現役軍人12億6580萬人，香港特別行政區678萬人，澳門特別行政區44萬，臺灣包括金門，馬祖島共計2228萬人。According to the 5th population census, there were 1 billion 293 million 350 thousand people in China, including the total number/ population of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities excluding Jinmen and Mazu islands in Fujian province and of servicemen of China’s mainland was 1 billion 265 million 830 thousand.The population of Hong Kong SAR was 6 million 780 thousand and that of Macao was 440 thousand as well as that of Taiwan Jinmen and Mazu Islands was 22 million 280 thousand.（這句話總共闡述了三個事實，一個是人數有多少，然后是除了某些地區有多少人，這個部分包括了兩個小部分，第三個部分包括了三個地區的人口數量，所以這個句子在翻譯的時候首先要分成三個句子，然后再處理三個句子里面的成分，看看是否能夠形成連帶結構。）八 A + 倒 A 結構

這種結構就是指前后說的是同一件事情，但是所表達的對象是不一樣的。

例1：我很喜歡游泳，你也很喜歡游泳。I like swimming.So do you.（這個句子就是有兩個不同的說話人，但是說的是同樣一件事情，所以可歸類為后面是前者的“倒”著表達的形式。這種句子翻譯的方法就是用so或是否定句中用either。）

例2：2008年，上海的老年人口已經達到了400萬，同樣北京于同年也達到了400萬。In 2008, the population of senior citizens in Shanghai was 4 million.So was Beijing.（這句翻譯的方法雷同于上句。）

九 A + —A 結構

這種結構指的是前者說的事情和后者的事情剛好相反來說。

例1：我很喜歡你，你也很喜歡我。I like you, and vice versa.（這句話很顯然就是前者和后者剛好掉個位置，但是說的同一件事情，翻譯的方法就是用vice versa。）

例2：美國人民喜歡江澤民主席，江澤民主席也很喜歡美國人民。The American people like President Jiangzemin, and vice versa.十 考察完全的名詞結構

這種結構一般沒有很多的數字，但是名詞很多，考生在平時要注意積累詞匯，當然更難的則是將詞匯和數字結合在一起。

例1：20世紀90年代，我國人口文化素質提高速度之快，是建國以來少有的。這一變化趨勢反映了10來我國落實掃除青少年文盲，普及9年義務教育和大力發展高等教育等措施所取得的成果。Our people’s education level has increased sharply since 1990s.This tendency reflected our achievements through eliminating illiterates among the young and the middle aged, universalizing the 9-year compulsory education and developing higher education in the past 10 years.（這個句子當中就沒有很多的數字，但是名詞特別多，包括青少年文盲、九年義務教育和高等教育等等詞。）

例2：近年來，中央政府給西藏的財政補貼每年都達12億元以上，總投資46億元的62項援藏工程以及中央國家機關有關部委和15個對口支援省、市投資的32億元援建的716項工程已全部竣工并投入使用。In recent years, the annual financial subsidy from the central government to Tibet reached 1.2 billion yuan.The 62 aid-Tibet projects with a total investment of 4.6 billion and 716 projects with an investment of 3.2 billion from ministries, commissions, central government institutions and other 15 provinces and cities had been finished and put into operation.（這個句子不但有很多很大的數字，而且還有像財政補貼、有關部委、對口支援和竣工等詞，所以這種句子有很大難度，在訓練時，首先要解決數字問題，再解決詞匯問題，之后背誦所提到的十種結構。）

我們要大力發展社會事業。堅持優先發展教育，穩步提升全民受教育程度。堅持自主創新、重點跨越、支 撐發展、引領未來的方針，完善科技創新體系和支持政策，著力推進重大科學技術突破。研究與試驗發展經費支出占國內生產總值比重達到2.2%，促進科技成果更好地轉化為生產力。適應現代化建設需要，加強人才培養，努力造就規模宏大的高素質人才隊伍。大力加強文化建設，推動文化改革發展實現新跨越，滿足人民群眾不斷增長的精神文化需求。

We need to make full effort to develop social undertakings.Education will remain a priority to steadily raise the level of literacy of the society as a whole.Home spun and forward looking innovation will be boosted to facilitate cutting age changes in key areas and serve further national development.The system and policies aiming at fostering innovation will be improved to pave the way for major breakthroughs in scientific and technologic discoveries.Share of R&D spending in GDP will increase to 2.2% with more effective schemes to commercialize the research outputs.Human capital development will be strengthened to form a vast supply of brain power to help achieve China's modernization program.Cultural reforms will be promoted to explore unchartered territories and meet the public's growing demand for recreational and artistic fulfillment.我認識一位從中國來美國的暑期交換學生，她告訴我一件她覺得奇怪的事情。她寄宿在一個美國人的家里。這家夫婦倆都是律師，有4個從上高中到小學的男孩。那個人家房子很大，有游艇（恐怕不止一只）和私人飛機，非常富有的樣子，生活卻很簡單。有一次，父母兩人出外度假，臨走前在家里的大冰箱里為留在家里的4個孩子放好一模一樣大小的4份食品，不分大小，每人一份。而且，還給他們每人分配一份工作，修整草地、洗游泳池、清理廚房、廁所等等。這4個孩子，大的食品不夠吃，小的吃不了。大的向小的要，小的就以代做自己那一份家事為條件，把吃不了的分一些給大的。

這確實是一個典型的美國家庭，說它典型，不是說它擁有的財產（這個家庭顯然要比許多其他美國家庭富有），而是說它的價值觀。

I know a Chinese student who came to the United States on a summer exchange program.She told me about the things she found hard to understand about the American family where she had her home stay'.The couple were both lawyers and had four children, all boys but in various stages of schooling from primary to senior high.They had a large house, a yacht and a private jet.Despite the trappings of great wealth, their lifestyle was surprisingly straightforward.For example, the parents went on vacation once.Before their departure, they left in the freezer four equal portions of food for the kids and assigned them specific house chores, mowing the lawn, scrubbing the pool and sprucing up the kitchen or the bathroom.The older boys who found their rations insufficient would have to trade with their younger siblings who could use their surplus supply as bargaining chips to reduce their share of the burden to keep the house proper and clean.I actually think this is a typical American family, but certainly not in the financial sense for its material possessions went way beyond an average household.It is typical because of the underlying social values it represents.

第二篇：漢譯英翻譯答案

廣場舞是社區中老年居民以健身、社交等為目的在廣場、公園等開敞的地方進行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分貝的音樂伴奏。廣場舞在中國大陸無論南北皆十分普遍。對于廣場舞的確切認識，社會學界及體育界目前均未達成共識。廣場舞的高分貝音樂常常造成噪音滋擾，因此許多居民反對在小區中跳廣場舞。

The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music.The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south.Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing.The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.故宮，又稱紫禁城，是明、清兩代的皇宮，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和處理政務。它是世界現存最大、最完整的木質結構的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宮殿墻壁的色調以紅色和黃色為主,紅色代表快樂、好運和財富，而黃色代表帝王的神圣和尊貴。近十幾年來，故宮平均每年接待中外游客600-800萬人次，隨著旅游業的繁榮，游客人數有增無減，可見人們對故宮的興趣長盛不衰。

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.《新聞聯播》是中國中央電視臺（CCTV）每日播出的一個新聞節目。節目每次播出時長一般為30分鐘。它被中國大陸大多數地方頻道同時轉播，這使得它成為世界上收看人數最多的節目之一。自從1978年1月1日首次播出以來，它就以客觀、生動、豐富的紀實手段記錄著中華大地每一天的變化。作為中國官方新聞資訊類節目，《新聞聯播》以沉穩、莊重的風格著稱。

Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television(CCTV)every day.It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program.It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs.Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich.As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.倡導低碳生活，提升公民節能減排意識是應對全球變暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么難事，只要人人都樹立綠色環保意識，堅持從我做起、從身邊小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要讓綠色環保理念深入人心。要把綠色環保活動融入工作生活的方方面面，要有針對性地開展低碳生活的知識培訓；要積極倡導志愿者活動，全面宣傳節能減排、環境保護等方面的知識，提高全社會的低碳環保意識。

Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming.Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult.Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all.To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular.We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life;we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle;we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.中國教育工作者早就認識到讀書對于國家的重要意義。有些教育工作者2003年就建議設立全民讀書日。他們強調，人們應當讀好書，尤其是經典著作。通過閱讀，人們能更好地學會感恩、有責任心和與人合作，而教育的目的正是要培養這些基本素質。閱讀對于中小學生尤為重要，假如他們沒有在這個關鍵時期培養閱讀的興趣，以后要養成閱讀的習慣就很難了。

Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country.As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day.They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate.Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。

中國家庭一向尊老愛幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一輩人的意見受到尊重，小一輩的人得到全家的愛護。而隨著改革開放和經濟的發展，人口眾多的大家庭開始分解，出現了越來越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人生活費，并常去探望，幫他們干些家務活。在農村，盡管相當多的大家庭已經解體了，許多結了婚的兒子和他的家人還是和父母住在同一個院子里，這樣父母、子女可以互相幫助。

參考譯文：

In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved.In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members.With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families.In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores.In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.

第三篇：英語六級漢譯英翻譯.doc

北京計劃未來三年投資7600億元治理污染，從減少pm2.5排放入手。這一新公布的計劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括500萬輛機動車的尾氣排放、周邊地區燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵，另外850億元用于新建或升級城市垃圾處理和污水處理設施，加上300億元投資未來三年的植樹造林。

市政府還計劃建造一批水循環利用工廠，并制止違章建筑，以改善環境。另外，北京還將更嚴厲地處罰違反減排規定的行為。

2014年6月英語六級翻譯真題及答案：治理污染

Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust.Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city.In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment.Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

第四篇：漢譯英翻譯技巧

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Theory： Translation Process 1.The comprehension

1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context

漢英短語比較：

1、漢詞英譯法：

翻譯詞，基本任務是詞義的對應轉換，形式問題是第二位的任務。對應，又稱“直譯法。”但必須受一詞多義和慣用法等機制的調節。

如：佳期wedding day，佳人 beautiful woman，佳節joyful festival，佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food

2闡釋，主要是難以取得雙語對應契合時，義恰如其分的鋪衍方式加以解釋，常見的是文化隔膜形成的對應障礙。如：城樓tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker

留用人員personnel kept on after reshuffle 民樂 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城計 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff

3引申，由一般的、泛指詞義到具體的、特指詞義的引申

如：時令

season 太平間 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments

輕生 commit suicide

體魄健壯的男孩an athletic boy 由具體的、特指詞義到一般的、泛指詞義的引申。如：連珠 in rapid succession

文盲 illiteracy

十二萬分地（感激）extremely 慢鏡頭slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我們客棧熱誠歡迎來自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!

4轉換：詞類轉換，句中肯、否定式 的轉換，例：

人生瑣事 the little nothings of life

等閑視之 think nothing of 家常便飯 make nothing of

請來吃頓家常便飯。Come along and take potluck

在北京，堵車是家常便飯。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化（虛化）

“鬧名利”譯為：be out for fame and gain

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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear

“洗耳恭聽” listen with attentive ears

6.融合：緊縮語義的代償手段

如：大小 size，長短length，輕重 weight 始終all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong 例1別理他，這人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2萬一她有個好歹，請立刻打電話給我。

If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代

目不識丁 not know one’s ABC

天字第一號A1 裙帶風nepotism

中藥三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋參）

金不換 precious(be more valuable than gold)

8.音譯：

商標：百事可樂PepsiCola；

萬事達Master

9.注釋(exegesis)：

最常用的是音譯加注（漢語范疇詞category word）disco迪斯科舞

hamburg漢堡包

Benz奔馳車

The Times《泰晤士報》

春秋戰國Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，鐵觀音 Iron Guanyin tea

Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名勝古跡 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山綠水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 魚米之鄉 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.該地區三面與公園帶相連，四大開闊的廣場有草坪有樹木，打破了城市建筑的規律性。城區三面綠地環繞，四大廣場草坪開闊，碧草綠樹掩映，打破了城區建筑的單一布局。

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Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃藥 take medicine（下棋）吃掉一個子 take a piece 吃掉敵人一個團 annihilate an enemy regiment 連吃敗仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一槍 get shot in the leg 吃閉門羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 這種紙不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃這一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不務正業，專吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你這老一套現在可吃不開了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.這件事你如果說出去，我叫你吃不了兜著走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走這么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦，方為人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡車，這座橋也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你別想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要請我們吃館子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考慮清楚，免得吃后悔藥。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形勢吃緊。The situation was critical.他那堅強的毅力使人吃驚。His will power is amazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃虧。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技術好，到哪兒都吃得開。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一塹，長一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

第五篇：句型翻譯

句式1：there be句型結構

★此句型是由there+be+主語+狀語構成，用以表達存在有，一種無主語的有。它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞be之后，there僅為引導詞，并無實際意義。be 與其后的主語在人稱和數量上一致，有時態和情態變化。現在有 there is/are ? 過去有 there was/were?

將來有 there will be…/there is /are going to be...現在已經有 there has/have been? 可能有 there might be …

肯定有 there must be …/there must have been… 過去一直有 there used to be ?

似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …

此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。

★翻譯練習(要求用There be 句型)：

1、一年有多少個月？

2、我家有5口人。

3、我們學校有各種各樣的課外活動。

4、你們城里有多少所幼兒園？

5、他們工廠有很多新機器。

6、現在有許多同學在教室學習。

7、房間有許多家具，墻壁上有許多照片。

8、在我們村莊附近有一家醫院。

9、今天的報紙有許多新消息嗎？

10、這個星期六有音樂會嗎？

11、花園里有一個游泳池。

12、別匆匆忙忙。有的是時間。

13、在屋子里有一張寫字臺、一臺計算機和幾堆書。

14、我們學校下星期將有一個晚會。

15、在這個山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。

16、過去我們村莊有一所小學。

17、晚會的活動內容有音樂、跳舞、唱歌和游戲。

18、在學校前面有一條小河。

19、然而，還存在一些問題，如水、空氣污染和交通擁擠。20、從前，在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。

參考答案：

1.How many months are there in a year? 2.There are five people in my family.3.There are all kinds of after-class activities in our school.4.How many kindergartens are there in your city? 5.There are a lot of new machines in their factory.6.Now there are many students studying in the classroom.7.There is much furniture in the room.There are many photos on the wall.8.There is a hospital near our village.9.Is there much news on today’s newspaper? 10.Is there going to be a concert this Saturday? 11.There is a swimming pool in the garden.12.Don’t hurry.There is enough time.13.There is a writing desk, a computer and a few piles of books in the room.14.There will be an evening party in our school next Monday.15.In front of the cave, there stands(grows)a tall pine tree.16.There used to be a primary school in our village.17.There is music, dancing and games at the evening party.18.There lies a small river in front of our school.19.However, there exist some problems, such as, water pollution, air pollution and crowdedheavy traffic.20.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea

句型2：動詞不定式 動詞不定式：動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞，非謂語動詞是指那些在句中不能單獨充當謂語的動詞，分為不定式，動名詞，現在分詞和過去分詞，由to＋動詞原形構成，但在有些情況下to可以省略。在句中不能單獨作謂語。它具有動詞的性質，本身可以帶賓語和狀語。動詞不定式在句中可以作除了謂語之外的任何成分，還可用在復合結構中，而且有完成時、進行時、完成進行時和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。翻譯下面的句子：

1、騎自行車到那兒要花我們半小時。

2、照顧老人是我們的職責。

3、我們要在十五分鐘寫完這篇作文是很難的。

4、尊重別人就是尊重自己。

5、當你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。

6、司機沒能及時看見另一輛車(fail)。

7、我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。

8、他答應一小時后回來。

9、我發現有可能不用計算機而解出這道題目。

10、我覺得被邀請在會上面對這么多學生發言是一件很光榮的事情。

11、沒有人能告訴我哪里能買到這本書。

12、我們打算在那兒呆一個星期。

13、我認為我們學好一門外語非常重要。

14、什么時候出發去倫敦還沒有決定。

15、史密斯先生不知道離開那里還是留在那里。

1.To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2.It's our duty to take good care of the old.3.It is very difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.4.To respect others is to be respected.5.It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.6.The driver failed to see the other car in time.7.I happen to know the answer to your question.8.He promised to return in an hour.9.I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.10.I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.11.No one could tell me where to buy(get)the book.12.We have meant(planned, intended)to stay there a week.13.We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.14.When to leave for London has not been decided yet.15.Mr.Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.句型3：動名詞

動名詞：動名詞(the Gerund)是非限定動詞，由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構成。它具有動詞的特征與名詞的特征，在各類應試中都是一項重要的測試內容。英語動名詞有兩個特點，1、它是從動詞變化而來的，所以它保留了動詞的某些特征，例如它能帶自己的賓語、狀語等，這時就叫動名詞短語；

2、顧名思義，動名詞最大的特點是它相當于一個名詞，因此，動名詞可以在句中作主語、賓語等。因為它作為名詞來使用，所以動名詞也有像名詞一樣的“所有格形式”。翻譯下面句子：

1、在夏天，游泳是最好的鍛煉方式。

2、生活沒有目標就像航海沒有指南針一樣。

3、早晨朗讀英文會給你帶來許多好處。

4、考試作弊毀壞人的性格。

5、他當選為我們的主席使我們很開心。

6、同他爭論是無用的。

7、學而不實踐是沒好處的。

8、他的愛好是集郵。

9、他的業余工作是為那家公司推銷新產品。

10、他設法避免(escape)患那種疾病。

11、聽完了那個滑稽故事，我們忍不住笑了。

12、犯罪嫌疑人(suspect)否認他那晚開過辦公室的電腦。

13、我期待著您下一次的到來。

14、我們最好把這事推遲到下個星期討論。

15、他因打斷了我們的談話而向我們道歉。

16、那位秘書因沒有按時將報告打印出來而受責備。

1.Swimming is the best exercise in summer.2.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.3.Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.4.Cheating in an exam ruins one's character.5.His being elected our chairman made us very happy.6.It is no use arguing with him.7.It is no good learning without practice.8.His hobby is collecting stamps.9.His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.10.He managed to escape suffering from the disease.11.After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing.12.The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.13.I'm looking forward to your coming next time.14.We'd better postpone discussing it till next week.15.He apologized for interrupting us.16.The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.句型4：狀語從句

狀語從句：在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。狀語從句通常由一個連詞引起，也可以由一個起連詞作用的詞組引起，有時甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來。狀語從句一般分為九大類:(一)、時間狀語從句常用when，as，while，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as，hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, the moment等連詞引導。

1、你一旦見過他，就不會忘了他的（once)。

2、我一有他的答復就給你打電話(as soon as/the moment)。

3、我還沒來得及阻止他他就跑掉了（before)。

4、不久他就把自信車還給我了（before)。

5、每當我們遇上困難的時候，他們就來幫我們(whenever)。

6、他告訴我了我才知道這件事(till)。

7、不親眼看到，他就不會相信(until)。

8、我每次去他家，他都出去了(every time/each time)。

9、昨晚我寫信時他在看電視(while)。

10、隨著年齡的增加，她開始變聾了（as, go deaf)。

11、趁年輕我們應該努力學習（while)。【趁熱打鐵】。

1.Once you see him, you will never forget him.2.I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.3.He ran off before I could stop him.4.It was not long before he returned the bicycle to me.5.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.6.I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.7.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.8.Every time I went to his house, he was out.9.He was watching TV last night while I was writing a letter． 10.As she got older, she began to go deaf.11.We should work hard while we are young.(Strike while the iron is hot.)

（二）原因狀語從句

一般用 because, since, now that, as和for引導。偶爾也用considering that（顧及到）, seeing that（由于）引導。

12、他沒有回答我的問題僅僅是因為他不會（because)。

13、既然你沒有事可做，為什么不幫我呢(since/now that)？

14、由于天越來越晚，我們就回家了(as)。

15、我們必須戒除粗心，由于它會導致錯誤(for)。

16、由于今于是星期天，我們沒有去上學(because并用于強調句型）。

17、他不可能見過我，因為當時我不在那兒（because)。

18、既然大家都來了，咱們就設法做出一個決定吧（since/now that)。

19、考慮到他們才剛剛學做，他們干得算很不錯的了（considering that）。

12.He didn’t answer my question simply because he couldn't． 13.Since you have nothing to do，why don’t you help me.14.As it was getting late, we went home．

15.We must get rid of carelessnessfor it often leads to errors/mistakes.16.It is because today is Sunday that we don’t go to school.17.He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.18.Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and make a decision.19.Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.（三）地點狀語從句

是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（無論哪里）引導。20、武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處(the Yangtze and the Han River)。

21、有志者，事竟成。

22、哪兒有問題，你最好在哪兒做個記號。

23、他無論在什么地方，總是與我們保持聯系。

24、村民們在污染嚴重的地方種植了許多樹。

25、年輕人應該到最需要的地方去。

26、我把相片放在我每天都能看到的地方。

27、無論我們去哪里，我們都要全心全意地為人民服務。

28、請站在原地。

20.Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.21.Where there is a will, there is a way.22.You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.23.He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.24.The villagers have planted many trees where the pollution is very serious.25.The young should go where they are most needed.26.I keep the photo where I can see it every day.27.Wherever we go, we will serve the people heart and soul.28.Please stay where you are.（四）引導目的狀語從句 的主要連詞有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（為了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（萬一）等，從句中常常使用一些情態動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。

29、我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。30、最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會冷。

31、我早晨早早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車。

32、他努力學習以便將來能更好地為人民服務。

33、我們把收音機音量開大以便每個人都能聽到那條重要的消息。

29.Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.30.(You had)Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.31.I got up early in the morning so that I could catch the first bus.32.He studies hard in order that he can serve the people better in the future.33.We turned the radio up so that everyone might hear the important news.（五）引導結果狀語從句 的連詞有：that, so that（從句中不帶情態動詞）, so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

34、我們把收音機音量開大，結果每個人都聽到了那條重要的消息。

35、他沒把時間計劃好，結果沒按時完成這項工作。

36、我們走得匆忙，把門都忘了鎖了。

37、這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒有（show)。

38、Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。

39、他朋友很少，所以經常感到孤獨。

40、我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊，紫一塊（black and blue)。

34.We turned the radio up, so that everyone heard the important news.35.He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.36.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.37.The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.38.Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much.39.He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.40.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.（六）條件狀語從句：

表示條件的狀語從句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（萬一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就??而言）, on condition that（條件是??）, suppose（假設）, supposing（假設）（僅用在問句中）等詞或詞組引導。一般情況下當主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現在時。

41、只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法(as/so long as)。

42、萬一你有什么困難，請給我們一個信兒(in case)。

43、如果你明早6點鐘走，你最好現在就上床(if)。

44、只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個房間(on condition that)。

45、他會接受這項工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話(unless/if...not)。

46、據我所知，他是一個DNA專家(as far as)。

47、假設我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們怎么辦(suppose/supposing)？ 41.As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.42.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.43.If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.44.We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.45.He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.46.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.47.Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?

（七）方式狀語從句：

方式狀語從句常由as（與……一樣）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等詞引導。

48、入鄉隨俗(as)。

49、她站在門口，仿佛在等人似的(as if)。50、事情就如你喜歡的那樣(as)。

51、我按你的建議把計劃修改了(as)。

52、天看起來好像要下雨(as if)。

53、我愛你就像你是我的兒子(as if)。

48.Do in Rome as the Romans do.49.She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.50.Things are just as you like.51.I have changed the plan as you suggested.52.It looks as if it is going to rain.53.I’ve loved you as if you were my son.．.（八）比較狀語從句：

比較狀語從句常用as …as，than, not so…as, the more…引導。

54、你和他在一起呆的時間越長，你就會越了解他(the more, the more)。

55、上海下的雨比北京的多(than)。

56、我們的國家同整個歐洲一樣大(as...as...).57、結果不如我預料的那么好(not as/so...as...)。

54.The longer you stay with him, the beter you will know him.55.It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.56.Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.57.The result was not as/so good as I had expected

（九）讓步狀語從句：

讓步狀語從句由although（盡管）, though（盡管）, however（無論怎樣）, whatever（無論什么）, whoever（無論誰）, whomever（無論誰）, whichever（無論哪個）, whenever（無論何時）, wherever（無論哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（無論……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等詞引導。

58、我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣(even if/even though)。

59、我認為我們還是買這件，雖然它會占去更多的空間(although/though)。60、無論它有多貴，我也要買下它(however/no matter how)。61、不管他們是誰，別讓他們進來(whoever/no matter who)。

62、無論我說什么或怎么說，他總認為是我錯(whatever and however)。63、不管你信不信，這是真的(whether)。

64、不論你走那條路都要三個小時(whichever way)。65、不管你什么時候去看他, 他都在用功(no matter when)。66、不論你做什么, 好好地做(whatever/no matter who)。67、雖然他工作很努力，但還是不能按時完成任務（as)。68、雖然他很年輕，但他懂得很多(as)。

58.We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.59.I think we should get this one, although it may take up more space in the room.60.However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.61.Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.62.No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.63.Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.64.No matter which(whichever)way you take, It takes you three hours.65.No matter when(Whenever)you go to see him, he is always working hard.66.No matter what do you do, do it well.67.Hard as he worked, he couldn't finish the task on time.68.Young as he is, he knows a lot.