第一篇：研究生一年級英語期末考試詞匯總結大全

英語期末考試詞匯總結大全

1.When you are asked to fill out an application form ,you are often require ti write down your

2.3.4.5.6.7.The politician made a speech full political jokes and many people fell asleep during his speech.8.9.10.11.12.The captured solider faced up to the Nazi enemy and he would never betray his motherland.··················1··············華麗的分割線········

13.The British government publicly a policy of non-cooperation with European fishing fleets.14.’t really afford it.15.16.17.18.19.talked about her behind her back.20.medical profession.21.22.For 12 years ,we’23.24.

第二篇：研究生英語期末考試翻譯總結

以前的功課也許有一大部分是為了這張畢業文憑，不得已而做的。You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma,that is,out of sheer necessity.對于大自然的愛好，我是多方面的，我愛山，但更愛海。I love diverse aspects of mother nature,but I love the sea more than mountain.讀書的問題嘛，我愿說幾句。I would like to say a few words about reading.這幾天心理頗不寧靜。I have felt quite upset recently.至于實在的情形，我心里自然記得的。As for the true facts,of course,I can remember them.我們的城市在過去的十年里經歷了翻天覆地的變化。The past decade saw great changes of out city.希望今后上海能夠與更多的外國城市結為友好城市。It is hoped that shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.她從來沒想到他是個不誠實的人。It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.我突然想到一個主意。An idea suddenly struck me.我給你打國際長途就跟給樓下的李姐打電話差不多，一撥就通。An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to sister li downstairs.宗教不得干預政治。It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.漢字在歷史上有過不可磨滅的功績。The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history.我們恢復和采取這些貿易方式的原因很簡單：因為我們出口商品就是為了我們國外客戶消費方面的需求。The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.笆，用竹子、柳條等變成的一種東西。Ba is something made of bamboo or willow branches.我沒注意到這個錯誤。The mistake escaped me.我一時記不起他的名字。His name escapes me for a moment.五月一日會議開幕了。May Day saw the opening of the meeting.這場運動首先在天津開始。Tianjin first saw the rise of the movement.蹲在池塘邊葦叢中的青蛙叫得更起勁了。The fogs that crouched among the reeds by the pond were croaking more vigorously than before.上海港不斷更新設備，這個港口的生產已經面目一新。Now work at this port has taken on a new look,as the workers of Shanghai port has constantly replaced old equipment with new.她喜形于色。She beamed with joy.任何新生事物的成長都是要經過艱難曲折的。New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow.他眼明手快。He is quick of eyes and deft of hand.這篇文章淺顯易懂。This article is easy to read and understand.我對他敬而遠之。I stand aloof from him.插上一條斜線便可以糾正此錯誤。Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge.進口用于信息網絡傳播的音像制品，參照本版法第十四條規定辦理。The import of the audio and video products used for information network dissemination shall be handled in reference to the provisions of Article 14 of these measures.由于集裝箱公司的平均處理費及處理量均有增長，集裝箱公司在此期間的業績令人鼓舞。As a result of both increases in average handling fee and handling capacity,the Container Company has achieved an encouraging result in the period.電視通過無線電波發射和接收活動物體的圖像。Television is the transmission and reception of moving objects image by radio waves.他們片面地注重重工業，忽視農業和輕工業，因而市場上的貨物不夠，貨幣不穩定。Their lop_sided stress on heavy industry to the neglect of agriculture and light industry results in a shortage of goods on the market and a non_stable currency.希望你表現更多一點幽默。You are expected to show a little more good humour.許多老房子拆了，新房子就在原地蓋起來了。Many old house were pulled down,and many new ones were built in their place.那年偏又多雨，淅淅瀝瀝，打窗飄瓦，常常擾亂我看書的情緒。As it happened to be a rainy year,I was often disturbed by the pitter_patter of rain beating down against the window and roof.為了能進行核物理方面的研究，要求這些青年教師讀完兩年研究生課程。In order to do research in nuclear physics,the young teachers are required to complete a two_year graduate course.自從第一顆原子彈試驗以來，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。Since the first test of the atomic bomb,the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used.有關原子能電站反應堆的復雜性已經談得很多了。Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reactor.船舶的外殼通常涂一層特殊的漆以抗腐蝕。The hull of a ship is often protected against corrosion with a coat of special paint.這里有一個科學和技術革命影響人類歷史進程的明顯例子。Here is a clear case of human history being affected by the scientific and technological revolution.他們到達了旅行的目的地。They reached the goal of their journey.這些數據易于得到。These data are readily available.你可以給我粗略地估計一下費用嗎？can you give me a rough estimate of the cost? 我們將會非常想念她。We shall miss her sorely.這咖啡太濃。The coffee is too strong.早飯吃飽，中午吃飯，晚飯吃少。At breakfast,eat like a king.At lunch,eat like a prince.At supper,eat like a pauper.1.他打開抽屜拿出詞典來。He opened the drawer and took out a dictionary.2.他到車站發現火車已經開走了。Arriving at the station,he found that the train had left.3.去年他去北京看朋友。Last year he went to Beijing to visit his friends.4.他們跑過去歡迎眾代表。They ran over to welcome the delegates.5.他回家去取鑰匙。He went home for the key.6.她哼著曲子走進臥室去。Humming a tune she went into the bedroom.7.游行的人拿著鮮花和彩旗在街道上行進。The paraders marched in the street,carrying flowers and banners in their hands.8.我們應當起來捍衛和平。We should come forward in defence of peace.9.醫生勸他好好休息。The doctor advised him to take a good rest.10.虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.11.這會使孩子們高興的。That will please the children.12.她責備孩子遲遲不回家。She reproached her child for staying out late.13.黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。Pitch dark,I don’t know whether it is day or night.14.裘人道：“一百年還記著呢！比不得你，拿著我的話當耳邊風，夜里說了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma, “I’m not like you , letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.”

15.生于憂患，死于安樂。One prospers in worries and hardships and perishes in ease and comfort 16.你最好在月底之前把這臺機器修好。You had better have this machine repaired by the end of this month.17.那一趟可把我累壞了。That trip tired me out.18.那年輕人把腰板一挺，不服輸。The young man straightened himself up and refused to admit defeat.19.他們把我們當做貴賓來款待。They treated us as distinguished guest.20.真把他沒辦法。He’s really a tough person to cope with.21.把電源插頭插入220V交流電源插座，將電源開關按下。Connect the main plug to AC 220V source socket and push power switch to turn on the receiver.22.她把她的自行車借給我了我。She lent me her bike.23.一本書就像一個大家庭，思想內容匯聚一堂。A book is like a big family—a family of ideas 24.看書就像走親訪友，認識圈子不斷增強。Reading books,like visiting relatives and friends,can enlarge our ideological circle.25.每本書都是物與我的交融，每本書都是過去和未來的紐帶。Generally,a book embodies a perfect blend of the objective and subjective worlds.It also forges a strong link between the past and the future.26.隨著節目越來越娛樂化，電視屏蔽了嚴肅的思考。With more picture than point ,TV diverts to diverts ,screening out any real thinking.27.過去的人即便看書不多，也會修飾的不乏品味。People used to dress themselves in aesthetic costumes of a good reader.28.現在的人卻常常對書籍不屑一顧。But now,many would easily turn up their noses at books.29.他搶了我的飯碗。He’s taken the bread out of my mouth.30.龍生龍，鳳生鳳。Like father ,like son.31.說曹操，曹操到。Talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear 32.血濃于水，臺灣同胞是我們的手足兄弟。Blood is thicker than water.People in Taiwan are our brothers and sisters sharing the same blood.33.原鄉人的血，必須流返原鄉，才會停止沸騰。Only when the blood of the native son flows back to his native place ,will it stop boiling.34.大陸和臺灣同胞血脈相連，一條海峽不能把我們的骨肉隔斷。The Chinese people ,no matter living on the mainland or living on Taiwan ,are linked together by flesh and blood.The strait that separates us can never cut off such bonds of flesh and blood.35.燕子去了，有再來的時候，楊柳枯了，有在青的時候，桃花謝了，有再開的時候。Swallows may have gone ,but there is a time of return,willow trees may have died back,but there is a time of regreening,peach blossoms may have fallen,but they will bloom again.36.然而朋友們把我救了。他們給了我家庭所不能給的東西。他們的友愛，他們的幫助，他們的鼓勵，幾次把我從深淵的邊沿救回來。Friends are my saviours.They give me things which it is beyond my family to give me.Thanks to their fraternal love ,assistance and encouragement,I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its verge.37.于是——洗手的時候，日子從水盆里過去，吃飯的時候，日子從飯碗里過去，默默時，便從凝然的雙眼前過去。Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands,vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.38.學無止境，一生的時間都嫌太短。Art is long ,but life is short.39.小火車在歡騰地疾馳。人們的心和火車一樣，向家鄉急奔。The little train and the hearts of all its passengers ,together ,sped merrily homeward..40.那日，正是黃梅時候，天氣煩躁。王冕放牛倦了，在草地上坐著。One sultry day in early summer ,tired after leading the buffalo to graze ,Wang Mian sat down on the grassl

第三篇：研究生英語期末考試考后總結

動物營養與飼料2010江佳偉2011.01.02/2011.06.24考后整理

2010-2011學年第1學期

英語精讀

1.閱讀簡答

2.詞匯文章中10個單詞的英語含義，漢語意思。

文章為Unit SixText: Two Truths to Live By

3.翻譯

（1）英譯漢下冊Unit Three 課后翻譯A

上冊Unit Four Text課文第7段

（2）漢譯英上冊Unit Five 課后翻譯B第6個

下冊Unit Three 課后翻譯B第6個

4.作文奧運口號 更高，更快，更強。拉丁文與英文三個詞，那組更好？

聽力課本Unit 11 Part Ⅱ 口語部分 Exercise 3 問題1

英語聽力

1.Unit 14Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1無選項，直接寫句子。

2.Unit 15Part Ⅰ Section BExercise 1

3.Unit 04Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1

4.Unit 12Part Ⅲ Talk One

5.VOA圣誕節

2010-2011學年第2學期

英語精讀

1.閱讀Unit Eleven Exercise A選擇題

2.詞匯文章中10個單詞的英語含義，漢語意思。

文章為Unit Eleven Text: In Search of the Real Google

3.翻譯

（1）英譯漢

Unit Eleven課文第12段后半段

Here's how the system works.If you're a company selling sneakers, you can bid to have a

link to your website appear in the sponsored area whenever someone does a Google search for, say, tennis or Michael Jordan or sneakers or all of those and more.How prominently your ad will be displayed depends on how much you bid and how many people click on your ad.That means you can’t just buy your way to the top；your link also has to appeal to users.You pay Google for every click you receive.第14段后半段（刪減了一句話）

The free food and laundry and the heavily subsidized massages and haircuts all help, but

there also has to be enough creative work to go around.Google came up with a formula to help

動物營養與飼料2010江佳偉2011.01.02/2011.06.24考后整理ensure this.The San Francisco wi-fi initiative resulted from someone's 10％ time；so did Google Talk, a free system for instant and voice messaging.If Google ever builds that space elevator, it will no doubt be during 10％ time.（2）漢譯英下冊Unit Four 課后翻譯B第6個

下冊Unit Six 課后翻譯B第6個

4.作文比較中美不同的教育制度，你認為孰優孰劣？

聽力課本Unit 23 Part Ⅱ 口語部分 Exercise 1 問題1

英語聽力

1.Unit 26Part Ⅲ Passage One無選項，直接寫句子。

Unit 29Part Ⅲ Talk Two

2.Unit 27Part Ⅰ Section CExercise 1

3.Unit 17Part Ⅰ Section CExercise 1

4.Unit 22Part Ⅲ Report One

5.VOA（是啥主題？我根本就沒聽，前面都沒寫完！）

總結：

精讀試卷會選擇上冊課本中的一篇原文，題目為簡答或選擇，然后挑出10有難度的單

詞（生詞），要求寫出英語含義，漢語意思。翻譯為2道英譯漢，2道漢譯英（上下冊各2道），是上冊課文段落節選和上下冊課后長翻譯。作文為聽力課本的口語部分問題，一般資老師班級聽力課堂小作文也是寫這個，不過課堂上寫過的就不會出了，如想押作文題,可從15個單元中剔除寫過的單元（可以找資老師班里的同學詢問一下）。建議復習時可以將上冊課文對照教師參考書上面的譯文多看幾遍，并看一下課后Exercise A。此外要將上冊6個單元和下冊3個單元以及Mini-Test的長翻譯整理出來。

聽力試卷就不要奢望會有選擇題了！不過還是有規律可循的，試題中第1部分是聽說

教程Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1的短對話（如果Part Ⅲ的篇章很短，則也是出題來源）；第2部分是Part Ⅰ的表格類題；第3部分是Part Ⅰ中較長的，要書寫的內容較多；第4部分是Part Ⅲ的長篇章。第5部分是VOA的文章，將文中句子補充完整，錄音會放3遍，不過聽力不是很好的同學建議放棄，此段時間用來弄前面幾部分。注意考過的題也會再考，據我所知，美國節日的那題就已連續考過3屆。聽力試卷幾乎全是簡答，書寫量大，一定要邊聽邊寫，因為全部錄音放完后3-5分鐘就交卷。注意聽力考試時間只有一個小時！！

以下為廢話，所謂的湊字數！呵呵。

精讀的PPT,PDF和聽力的PPT可以直接到出版社網上下載，也可以找我索要。qq 624202649

我就是資老師班上的，不過他的教學和出題模式令人不是很適應，俗稱”很變態”。希

望我的這些總結對師弟師妹們的考試有些幫助，祝你們考試順利通過！

第四篇：研究生英語期末考試close總結

第一章

The web magazine From the Window contains poetry and literature from well-know writes across the global.There are thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live in.there is even a piece from the Secretary General of United States, Kofi Annan.It may come as some surprise to find out that the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy Nightingale.From the Window won Joy Nightingale the first prize in the 1999 child net International and wireless awards.These are given annually for the best use of the internet by and for young people.And they highlight one of the most welcoming aspects of the virtual world.Children have taken to the Internet as though they are born surfing.Perhaps there is because adults have had to change their understanding of technology while children simply accept it as natural.Whatever the reason, children can be found building web and E-mailing friends across the world while adults are still asking: Tell me again –where exactly is cyberspace?

Of course there is growing concern about the fact that children can travel far away from parental supervision in cyberspace.In response, many parents have installed software packages which prevent access to violent or pornographic web.Children are taking a more positive line.The web is a gateway to a world of education and entertainment.The rapid growth in Internet culture has led analysts to speculate that society will soon be divided between the “information rich” and “information poor”.For child net it is especially important that children at the margins of society through poverty or disability have the chance to take their place as equal citizens in the virtual world.第五章

It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently-not just qualitatively but quantitatively-how the word works.We might imagine a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that make up a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon.To understand such a universe we would need a brain at least as massive as the universe.It seems unlikely that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because beings and brains require some degree of internal stability and order.But even if in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much greater than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy.Fortunately for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable.Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have prepared us to understand something of the workaday world.When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition turn out to be highly unreliable guides.It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light, our mass increases indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness in the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like.Many people think that this is silly, and every week or two I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it.But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein?s brilliant analysis of space and time called the Theory of Relatively.It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us.We are not in the habit of traveling close to the speed of light.The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world places restrictions on what humans might do is frustrating.Why shouldn?t we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can?t we travel faster than the speed of light? But so far as we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed.Such prohibitions not only press us toward a little humility;they also make the world more knowable.When 1988 began,East Africa should have been at its most beautiful:normally the short rainy season ends in December , the rivers subside , and the country sparkles;farmers raise crops , animals graze , tourists go on safaris.But this year was different.The rains were heavy and long.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia , cutting off village and forcing herders to ctowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land.Things quickly turned ugly.Camels , cows , sheep , and goats all started dying of violent fevers.Some people , too，began to get sick.Some went temporarily blind ；others began bleeding uncontrollably.The disease was Rift Valley fever，caused by an obscure mosquito borne virus.It pops up every few years in Africa when standing water encourages mosquito eggs to hatch--this year?s huge floods brought a spectacular outbreak.According to official estimates , at least 89，000 people caught the disease.Two hundred died，but then the disease is not usually fatal to humans.Animal losses，however，were almost certainly vast--owners reported losing up to 90 percent of their herds.Yet catastrophic as the East African floods were，they had to jostle for the world?s attention with other cases of strange weather---with unusual occurrences of droughts，fires，rains，cold snaps，and heat waves.Every year brings its own grab bag of such anomalies，but this year many of them could be linked to a phenomenon in the empty expanses of the equatorial Pacific--a change in the ocean currents and winds that began in the early months of 1997 and that altered weather patterns around the world.The change in the weather was , of course , the work of E1 Nino.By the end of 1997 , E1 Nino had already become a celebrity of sorts.In 1998, however , E1 Nino's effects on the world came into full flower.It helped make the year the hottest ever recorded.In addition to Rift Valley fever , E1 Nino has been linked to an upsurge in diseases ranging from choler to malaria to dengue fever ,in Kenya , Cambodia , Peru ,and other countries scattered around the globe.第七章

I have always disliked being a man, The whole idea of manhood in America is pitiful, a little like having to wear an ill-fitting coat for one?s entire life.Even the expression “Be a man!” strikes me as insulting and abusive.It means: Be stupid, be unfeeling, obedient and soldierly, and stop thinking.Man means“manly”-how can one think“about men”without considering the terrible ambition of manliness? And yet it is part of every man?s life.It is a hideous and crippling lie;it not only insists on difference and connives at superiority,It is also by its very nature destructive-emotionally damaging and socially harmful.The youth who is subverted, as most are, into believing in the masculine ideal is effectively separated from women –it is the most savage tribal logic and he spends the rest of his life finding women a riddle and a nuisance.Of course, there is a female version of this male affliction.It begins with mothers encouraging little girls to say(to other adults), “ Doyou like my new dress?” In a sense, Girls are traditionally urged to please adults with a kind of coquettishness, while boys are enjoined to behave like monkeys toward each other.The-9-year-old coquette proceeds to become womanish in a subtle power game in which she learns to be sexually indispensable, socially decorative and always alert to a man?s sense of inadequacy.Femininity-being ladylike –implies needing a man as witness and seducer;but masculinity celebrates the exclusive company of men.That is why it is so grotesque;and that is also why there is no manliness without inadequacy –because it denies men the natural friendship of women.It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women, and it begins very early.At an age when I wanted to meet girls –let?s say the treacherous years of 13 to 16-I was told to take up a sport , get more fresh air, join the Boy Scouts, and I was urged not to read so much

Late next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive history of the PC,these last few years of high-octane growth may actually be depicted as the Dark Ages.Historians will marvel at how we toiled in front of monolithic ,beige BUBs(big ugly boxes),suffering under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers beneath our desks.They may also mark 1999 as the start of the PC renaissance ,when manufacturers finally started to get it :This holiday season, computer shoppers will enjoy unprecedented variety in shapes, sizes and colors-and not just in Apple?s groundbreaking line of translucent iMacs and iBooks.Nearly every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on the way to market,from hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel displays with all the processing innards packed into the base.Among industrial designers,who still think the PC has a long way before you?ll want to display it on your mantle ,the only question is ,what took so long? “The PC industry has ridiculed design for a long time,”says Hartmut Esslinger ,founder of Frog Design.“They have not respected their customers and have underestimated their desires.”

PC makers are finally catching on-and it?s partly out of desperation.Manufacturers used to sell computer by trumpeting their techno bells and whistles,like processor speed and memory.But since ever-faster chips have given us more power on the desktop than we could ever possibly use, computer makers have been competing on price-a strategy that has dropped most units below $1000 and slashed profits.Last week IBM limped from the battlefield ,announcing it would pull its lagging Aptiva line from store shelves and sell it only on the web.Competing only on price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick Donatiello,president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.第九章

A symbol is not the same thing as a sign;that is a fact that psychologists and philosophers often overlook.All intelligent animals use signs,So do we.To them as well as to us sounds and smells and motions are signs of good ,danger ,the presence of other beings,or of rain or storm..Furthermore some animals not only attend to signs but also produce them for the benefits of others.Dogs bark at the door to be let in;rabbits thump to call each other;the cooing of doves and the growl of wolf are unequivocal signs of feelings and intention to be reckoned with by other creatures.We use signs just as animals do,though with considerably more elaboration.We stop at red lights and go on green;we answer calls and bells,watch the sky for coming storms,read trouble or promise or anger in each other’s eyes.That is animal intelligence raised to the human level.Those of us who are dog lovers can probably all tell wonderful stories of how high our dogs have sometimes risen in the scale of clever sign interpretation and sign using.A sign is anything that announces the existence or the imminence of some events,the presence of a thing or a person ,or a changes in the state of affairs.There are signs of the weather ,signs of danger,signs of danger ,signs of future good or evil,signs of what the past expected in experience.It is always a part of the situation to which it refers ,though the reference may be remote in space and time.A symbol differs from a sign in that it dose not announce the presence of the object,the being ,condition,but merely brings this thing to mind.A sign cause us to or act in face of the signified,whereas a symbol causes us to think about the thing symbolized.A sign is always embedded in reality,but a symbol may be divorced from reality althogether.It may refer to a mere idea,or a dream.

第五篇：華東師范大學研究生英語期末考試作文匯總

競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

EX 1

Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant

competition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth.We can say that, in a certain sense, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of the society.We often find competition and cooperation at the same time.Think of a football game.During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates.Otherwise, they would lose the game however skilled every individual player might be.While advocating competition, we must not forget cooperation.In modern society, cooperation is especially necessary because except for a few craftsmen and artists, most work is fulfilled with and through other people.In many cases, we can not achieve anything if there are only competition and no cooperation.EX 2

Competition and cooperation競爭與合作

Cooperation and competition are both important.They are attributes(歸因于,屬性)which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life.Learn to be cooperative.No one likes a selfish, greedy, or arrogant(自大的)individual.However, everyone likes a considerate(體諒的)and cooperative person.Everything we do today, whether in doing business or making friends, depend upon our ability to get along with one another.In our society, most tasks demand the

cooperation of many individuals so that they can be accomplished effectively.In this situation, we must be supportive(支援的)and cooperative.Each person is like a small part of a machine.If only one part is out of order, the machine can’t be running well.Besides, transportation and communication systems are rapidly developing and people all over the world can get in touch with each other more easily.It is hard for a person who is isolated(孤立的)from the society to have a deep understanding of the world he lives and to accomplish(實現)a feat(功績)in his career.Cooperation is becoming more and more important for a person to earn a good life.Being competitive also has a place in life.If you want to achieve more success and be better than others, you must work harder, study more diligently(勤奮地), and adapt yourself to competition.The desire to succeed and do better than others

inspires(激勵)us to work harder.If there were no competition, a sports meet would never be exciting and successful, and we would never have champions(冠軍的地位).No doubt, we often find there is an inseparable(不可分離的)relationship between competition and cooperation.In a football match, either team is competing with other.But each member of the team is cooperating with his teammates.We cooperate with others to be more competitive;we compete to earn a better environment for cooperation.Thus we can make progress(前進)continuously.Only competition together with cooperation leads us to realize our goals and satisfy our needs.EX 3競爭與壓力 首段：四句話：現象描述+正方觀點+正方理由1+正方理由2

Living in an era of information and technology, individuals are confronted with a wide variety of competitions or pressures: in study, we suffer from academic

competition;in work, we live under pressure of efficiency;in life, we strive against the ascending cost of living.Some are in favor of competition.In their eyes, without competition, it is impossible for the society as a whole to progress.Besides, in their opinion, competition will definitely promote the development of those who spare no effort to work, which otherwise would be impossible.二段：三句話：反方觀點+反方理由1(危害)+反方理由1(危害)

Rewarding as it is, others hold an opposite perspective.First, what makes many experts worried is that too many competitions may harm people’s physical and mental fitness.Second, to some extent, their opinion derives from the fact that competition between friends or colleagues may impair the friendship or team spirit.尾段：三句話：我的看法+理由+展望未來

As a college student, I am firmly convinced that it is necessary to have some competition.In spite of the disadvantages, we do need competition to enhance our working and studying efficiency.Only by means of proper competition can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which every one spare no effort to their work and study.EX 4How Should College Students Relieve Pressure?

Today’s college students face many pressures, mainly from parents’ expectation, study, economy, employment and all kinds of competition.[1]Although pressure to some extent can provide motivation, overdue pressure has a serious negative effect.Pressure can destroy a student’s confidence.[2]More seriously, it might make some students lose control of their emotions and behaviors.[3]Considering the great damage of overdue pressure, college students should learn to how to relieve pressure.[2]First, we should have a right evaluation of ourselves

[4]so as to [5]make use of advantages and avoid disadvantages.[2]Second, we should

[6]set a clear aim of a struggle.The aim can give us motivation, and make us become active.[2]Third, [7]attending collective activities is an effective way to relieve pressure.[2]Finally, if you find pressure is nearly [8]beyond your control, you’d better turn to professional psychological guidance.From :Joozone.com.[2]As to me, my pressure is mainly from future employment.[4]In order to reduce

it, I asked my parents help me analyse my advantages and disadvantages, and produce a more practical job objection.[2]So my employment pressure was relieved greatly.Now I become confident in my future, and I [9]do believe I can get an ideal job after my graduation.EX 5

Competition is inevitable;it’s human nature.Competition builds character;it strengthens our self-esteem.Competition is regarded as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest people regardless of their social status.Competition is required to help us reach our fullest potential.(Natural selection and survival of the fittest.)

Cooperation offers us a break from the pressure and stress of competition.A win-win approach tends to fosters exploration of the root causes of the conflict and leads to constructive, sustainable solutions with positive expectation for future encounters.Cooperative groups display more coordinated efforts, more division of labor, more acceptance of other ideas, and fewer communication difficulties than competitive groups.Two heads are better than one.Cooperation is marvelously successful at helping children to communicate effectively, to trust in others and to accept those who are different from themselves

4．面臨新的機遇和挑戰 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5．人們普遍認為 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6．社會發展的必然結果 the inevitable result of social development

7．引起了廣泛的公眾關注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8．不可否認 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9．熱烈的討論/ 爭論 arouse /lead to /cause a heated discussion/ debate

10.有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue

11．完全不同的觀點there is/I have a totally different argument

12．一些人 …而另外一些人Some people… while others…

13.就我而言/ 就個人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,/as for me,15．有充分的理由支持 the view/opinion be supported by sound reasons

16．雙方的論點 there be arguments on both sides

17．發揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role/part in…

18．對…必不可少 be indispensable /necessary to …

19．正如諺語所說 As the proverb /old saying goes:

20．…也不例外 be no exception

21．對…產生有利/不利的影響 exert /have positive/ negative effects on…

22．利遠遠大于弊 The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23．導致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24．復雜的社會現象 it is a complicated social phenomenon

25．責任感 / 成就感 we must have sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26.競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27.開闊眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28．學習知識和技能 acquire enough knowledge and skills

29．經濟/心理負擔add /increase /decrease financial burden / psychological burden

30．考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31.從另一個角度 from another perspective,32．做出共同努力 make/need joint efforts

33.對…有益 be beneficial / conducive/good to…

34．為社會做貢獻 make contributions to the society

35．打下堅實的基礎 lay a solid foundation for…

36．綜合素質 improve our comprehensive quality

37．無可非議 it is blameless / beyond reproach that …

39．致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40.應當承認 Admittedly,41．不可推卸的義務 …..be unshakable duty

42.滿足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43．可靠的信息源 there is a reliable source of information that…

44．寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources

46．方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47．在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48．環保的 environmental protection / environmentally ,49．社會進步的體現 a symbol of society progress

50．科技的飛速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

51．對這一問題持有不同態度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52．支持前/后種觀點的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion

53．有/ 提供如下理由/ 證據 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

54．在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55.理論和實踐相結合 integrate theory with practice

56.…必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of…

57．日益激烈的社會競爭 the increasingly fierce social competition

58．眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59．長遠利益 interest in the long run

60．…有其自身的優缺點has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61．揚長避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62．取其精髓，去其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs.63．對…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64．交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65．跟上…的最新發展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast（adv.趕上。不落人后…）with

the latest development of …

66．采取有效措施來…take effective measures to do sth.67．…的健康發展 the healthy development of …

68．有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69．對…觀點因人而異 Views on …vary from person to person.70．重視 attach great importance to…

71．社會地位 social status

72．把時間和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

73．擴大知識面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74．身心兩方面 both physically and mentally

75．有直接/間接關系 be directly / indirectly related to…

76.提出折中提議 set forth a compromise proposal

77.可以取代 “think”的詞 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78．緩解壓力/ 減輕負擔 relieve stress/ burden

79．優先考慮/發展…give(top)priority to sth.80．與…比較 compared with…/ in comparison with

81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary.82．代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83．經不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84．提供就業機會 offer job opportunities

85.社會進步的反映 mirror of social progress

86．毫無疑問 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

87．增進相互了解enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88．充分利用make full use of / take advantage of

89．承受更大的工作壓力 suffer from heavier work pressure

90．保障社會的穩定和繁榮 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society

91．更多地強調 put more emphasis on…

92．適應社會發adapt oneself to the development of society

93．實現夢想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true

94.主要理由列舉如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:

95.首先 Firstly，In the first place, To begin with

96．其次 Secondly, In the second place

97.再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore

98.最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,99.總而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,100．我們還有很長的路要走 We still have a long way to go.