第一篇:文內注釋與參考文獻 書寫規(guī)則
英語專業(yè)本科論文參考文獻和文內注釋格式
1.參考文獻(references)
? 凡引用本人或他人已公開或未公開發(fā)表文獻中的學術思想、觀點或研究方法、設計方案等,不論借鑒、評論、綜述,還是用做立論依據、學術發(fā)展基礎,都應編入參考文獻目錄。
? 參考文獻是論文中引用文獻出處的目錄表(文內夾注中出現的文獻才能列入參考文獻)。直接引用的文字應直錄原文并用引號括起來。直接、間接引用都不應斷章取義。
? 每篇論文至少要查閱15篇(部)左右的參考文獻,其中含外文文獻。
? 每一參考文獻條目的最后均以“.”結束。
? 對文獻的作者不超過三位時全部列出;超過三位時只列前三位,后面加“等”字或英文三位作者后面加“et al”。
? 英文文獻按作者“姓”的首字母順序排列。中文按作者“姓”的拼音首字母順序排列。
? 英文文獻在前,中文文獻在后。
? 如果某一條文獻第一行頂格寫,如果超出一行,第一行以下各行懸掛縮進1.5 字符。(詳見下面的例子)
? 中文文獻姓名為(拼音)姓名+漢字姓名,拼音的 “姓”和“名”之間用逗號斷開。(詳見下面例子)
? 英文字體 Times New Roman, 中文字體“宋體”。? 各類參考文獻標識、編排格式及示例如下:
A.文獻類型和電子文獻載體標志代碼:
(1)文獻類型和標志代碼
①期刊[J] ②專著[M] ③論文集[C] ④學位論文[D] ⑤專利[P] ⑥標準[S] ⑦報紙[N] ⑧技術報告[R] ⑨數據庫[DB] ⑩計算機程序[CP] ⑩電子公告[EB]
(2)電子文獻載體和標志代碼
①磁帶[MT] ②磁盤[DK] ③光盤[CD] ④聯機網絡[OL]
(3)電子文獻載體類型的參考文獻類型標識方法為:[文獻類型標識/載體類型標識] ①聯機網上數據庫[DB/OL] ②磁帶數據庫[DB/MT] ③光盤圖書[M/CD]
④磁盤軟件[CP/DK] ⑤網上期刊[J/OL]
⑥網上電子公告[EB/OL]
B.參考文獻著錄格式及示例:
(1)期刊中的文獻——作者.年.題名[J].刊名,卷(期):起止頁碼.
示例:
Collins, C.& Trofimovich, P.& White, J.et al.2009.Some input on the easy/difficult grammar question: an empirical study[J].Modern Language Journal, 93: 336-353.Hedge, T.1993.Key concepts in EFL: project work [J].ELT Journal, 47(3): 275-277.Xia, Jimei夏紀梅.2011.首屆“外研社杯”全國大學英語教學大賽決賽述評[J].英語教師(3):2-4.
Zhou, Qingrong & Zhang, Zeting & Zhu, Meiwen et al.周慶榮,張澤廷,朱 2 美文,等.1995.固體溶質在含夾帶劑超臨界流體中的溶解度[J].化工學報,46(3):317-323.(2)專著——作者.出版年.書名[M].其他責任者.版本(第一版不著錄).出版地:出版者:引文頁碼.
示例:
Fried-Booth, D.L.2002.Project Work [M].2nd ed.Oxford: Oxford University Press.Sapir, E.薩皮爾.1921/2001.語言論[M].陸卓元, 譯.北京: 商務印書館.(3)論文集中析出的文獻——作者.出版年.題名[C] // 編者.論文集名.出版地:出版者:起止頁碼.
示例:
MacWhinney, B.2001.Last words [C] // Cenoz, J.& Genesee, F.Trends in Bilingual Acquisition.Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 257-264.Chen,Siqing陳思清.1992.從圖式論看閱讀的心理過程[C] // 桂詩春.中國學生英語學習心理.長沙:湖南教育出版社:154-155.(4)學位論文——作者.年份.題名[D].保存地點:保存單位.示例:
Chrisstoffels, L.A.J.1988.Carrier-facilitated transport as a mechanistic tool in supramolecular chemistry[D].The Netherland: Twente University.Chen,Jinmei陳金梅.2000.氟石膏生產早強快硬水泥的試驗研究[D].西安:西安建筑科學大學.(5)報紙——作者.題名[N].報紙名,出版日期(版次)3 示例:
Chen,Zhiping陳志平.減災設計研究新動態(tài)[N].科技日報,1997-12-12(5).(6)電子文獻——作者.日期.題名[電子文獻及載體類型標識].文獻出處.
示例:
Butler, J.& Tsoulas, G.2006.Get-passives, raising, and control[EB/OL].http://,1998-08-16/1998-10-04.7.注釋: 人文社會科學學科通常有注釋,注釋主要對文章中某些內容進行補充說明和解釋,一般排在地腳(腳注)或集中列于文末(尾注)參考文獻之前。提倡采用本學科學術規(guī)范,提倡使用腳注。
注意:如果引用的是沒有具體著者的材料,如字典,新課標,網上的encyclopedia等以加腳注的方式注明出處,而不添加到“References”里。
8.附錄:未盡事宜可將其列在附錄中加以說明。論文有關的數據表、符號說明、計算程序、運行結果等均可列在附錄中。
2.文內夾注(in-text citation)
(1)來自專著或文章的直接引語,作者姓名在文中已經出現
格式:(頁碼)
例如:
Rees(241)said, “As key aspects of learning are not stable, but changeable, this opens the way for the role of the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process”.(2)來自專著的直接引語,作者姓名在文中沒有出現
格式:(作者姓+空格+頁碼)
例如:
“One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience are more familiar with and receptive to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese culture”(Fung 71).(3)如果引述的內容為大段原文(超過四行),所引原文令起一行,左右各縮進2個字符,改用單倍行距,引文用冒號引出,引文不加引號。
例如:
He is aware of the politics of his choice and that English is not the natural medium for his social novel.He describes his process of creation thus: I found, while writing spontaneously, that I was always translating dialogue from the original Punjabi into English.The way in which my mother said something in the dialect of central Punjabi could not have been expressed in any other way except in an almost literal translation, which might carry over the sound and the sense of the original speech.I also found, that I was dreaming or thinking or brooding over two-thirds of the prose narrative in Punjabi, or n Hindustani and only one-third in the English language.This happened usually while I was writing stories and novels.(Anand 1979:36)
(4)來自專著的間接引語或提到某人的觀點,作者的姓名在文中沒有提到
格式:(作者姓+空格+引文來源頁數)
例如:
Before the 1590s most lyric poetry in England did not appear in print(Kastan 156).From another angle, let’s have a look at the numeral idioms’ expression.They are mostly used as metaphors, in most situations;they loose their meanings of number and become a symbol related to a certain thing or a certain attribute of a thing(Williams, Bowers and Day 8).(5)如果一個思想被多于一位作者提及過,引用時要將這些作者都列出來。
格式:(作者姓+空格+發(fā)表年份;作者姓+空格+發(fā)表年份;作者姓+空格+發(fā)表年份…)
例如:
Looking at different, possibly innovative, procedures for the development of rating scales can help address the issue of reliability and validity.As has been stated repeatedly in recent language testing “state of the art” papers(Alderson 1991;Bachman 1991;Skehan 1991), new avenues for assessing communicative abilities more successfully must continue to be explored.(6)轉引:如果在一篇文章或一部著作中看到該文章或著作的作者引用其他人的觀點,而又找不到改觀點所出自的原始文獻,可以用轉引形式。
例如:
“To be able to see yourself teaching is worth hours of other types of observation.”(Bloom, qtd in Britten and Sow 25)
注:應該盡可能少地使用轉引方式。過多的使用轉引會使論文的可信度下降。
(7)如果論文是談論一部小說或詩歌,可能會頻繁引用小說或詩歌中的原文,無需在每一次引用時都要標明作者的姓。只在第一次引用這部小說或詩歌中的內容時標明作者的姓,而在以后的引用中只標明頁數即可。
例如:
Readers of The Sound and the Fury instinctively suspect the idiot’s story although “he knows lot more than folks thinks”(Faulkner 35), his fusing consciousness implies a camera-like aspect.He does it to stop the process that is separating him from the past, to isolate Caddy “out of the loud world”,(160)to live in an innocent world.“Because Father said clocks slay time.He said time is dead as long as it is being clicked off by little wheels;only when the clock stops does time come to life.”(81)
(8)如果引用的文獻的兩個不同的作者有相同的姓,那么注釋時將作者的“名”的首字母標出來。
例如:(M.Moore 21)(T.Moore 166)
如果兩個作者的“名”的首字母也相同,就拼出其全“名”。
例如:(Marianne Moore 112)(Merrill Moore 28)(9)
如果引用的文獻是同一個作者同一年的多部作品, 注釋時使用字母a, b, c …區(qū)別不同的作品,具體格式如下。
The second approach, developed most fully by Aoun and Li(1993a: 123).… … Aoun and Li(1993b: 198)argue that … …
而在論文后面的參考文獻中將相應的引文列出來,各式如下:
Aoun, J.& Li, Y.-H.A.1993a.Syntax of scope[M].Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Aoun, J.& Li, Y.-H.A.1993b.Wh-elements in-situ: syntax or LF? [J] Linguistic Inquiry 24: 199-238.
第二篇:外文文獻注釋規(guī)范
外文文獻注釋規(guī)范
引證外文文獻,原則上以該文種通行的引證標注方式為準。
引證英文文獻的標注項目與順序與中文相同。責任者與題名間用英文逗號,著作題名為斜體,析出文獻題名為正體加英文引號,出版日期為全數字標注,責任方式、卷冊、頁碼等用英文縮略方式;期刊文章題名為正體加英文引號,登載的刊物題名為斜體。
單頁為p.79.兩頁以上為pp.79-90.兩個p
示例1:專著
Randolph Starn and Loren Partridge, The Arts of Power: Three Halls of State in Italy, 1300-1600, Berkeley: California University Press, 1992, pp.19-28.示例2: 譯著
M.Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, trans.by William Marsden,Hertfordshire: Cumberland House, 1997, pp.55, 88.示例3: 主編
T.H.Aston and C.H.E.Phlipin(eds.), The Brenner Debate.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, p.35.示例4: 析出文獻
R.S.Schfield, “The Impact of Scarcity and Plenty on Population Change in England,” in R.I.Rotberg and T.K.Rabb(eds.), Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Pattern on Societ,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, p.79.示例5: 期刊
Heath B.Chamberlain, “On the Search for Civil Society in China”, Modern China, vol.19, no.2(April 1993), pp.199-215.
第三篇:畢業(yè)論文注釋書寫要求
畢業(yè)論文注釋書寫要求
求黑體三號、位于第一行、居中參考寫法1蘇惠祥《中國當代合同法論》吉林大學出版社1992年4月第1版第231頁。
2、3同上第300頁。
4鄭玉波《民法實用》中國法制出版社1969年3月第1版第109-111頁。下略宋體五號、從第三行具體要求正文中注釋用阿拉伯數字標注標注為上標用中括號顯示按ctrl.shift.鍵即可。注釋原則上不得少于15個。1中文獨立文獻注釋格式首次引用注明著者姓名、文獻名、卷冊序號、出版地、出版單位、出版時間、頁碼再次引用同一文獻來源的資料時只需注出作者姓名、著作名和資料所在頁碼如在同一頁并且緊接同一資料來源的上一注釋可以用“同上”代替作者姓名、著作名僅標明頁碼轉引按上述要求標明原始資料出處用句號結束。用“轉引自”表明轉引標明載有轉引文獻的資料出處。2中文標出文獻注釋格式引證標注內容及順序為作者寫出文獻名文集編者文集題名卷冊出版者與出版時間版本頁碼。具體標示分為以下幾類①專著作者.書名M.出版地.出版年.②期刊:作者.題名J.刊名出版年卷期:起止頁碼.③論文集:作者.論文集名C出版地:出版社.出版年.起止頁碼.④學位論文:作者.題名D.保存地點:保存單位年.⑤專利文獻:專利所有者.題名P.專利國別:專利號出版日期.⑥電子文獻:責任者電子文獻題名電子文獻及載體類型標識.電子文獻網址.年-月-日.文獻作者3名以內的全部列出3名以上則列出前3名后加“等”英文加“etc”3引用在網絡媒體首次發(fā)表研究成果的必須注明網址對于非首次發(fā)表的網絡資料必須注明其首次發(fā)表的媒體名稱。4其它來源文獻注釋可根據具體情況參照有關學術刊物標注。
注釋統(tǒng)一使用尾注。尾注按文中各注釋出現的先后編寫注釋號并按順序排列于文章末尾。
第四篇:英語本科畢業(yè)論文注釋、文獻與致謝樣本
四川大學本科畢業(yè)論文
《喜福會》中的中國文化背景分析
Notes
(1)The three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife.The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, knowledge and sincerity.(2)Lao Tzu: The founder of Taoism.Born in the State of Zhou in the Spring and Autumn Period, he worked for some time in the Zhou government.He was searching for a way that would avoid the constant feudal warfare and other conflicts that disrupted society during his lifetime.The result was his book: Tao-te-Ching, which contains about 5,000 words on dao and de, or the way and its functions.Others believe that he was a mythical character.(3)John King Fairbank: A Francis Lee Higginson Professor of History at Harvard University and director of the East Asian Research Centre at Harvard.(4)Wuxing and Fengshui: Wuxing or the Five Elements are: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water.They are the grounding theory for yin-yang balance.The Five Element theory views the Universe and its functioning as being cyclical and interactive.Accordingly, all of the “ten thousand things” within it are interdependent.Fengshui, or geomantic omen, is closely related to Wuxing.The Fengshui theory holds that the location of a house or tomb has an influence on the fortune of a family.Taoists believe good Fengshui could keep the yin-yang balance and could bring fortune.四川大學本科畢業(yè)論文
《喜福會》中的中國文化背景分析
Bibliography
Chang, K.C.Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977.Ebrey, Patricia B.Chinese Civilization A Sourcebook.New York: The Free Press, 1993.____ The Cambridge Illustrated History of China.London: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Eng, Kuan Khun.“The Changing Moral Economy of Ancestor Worship in a Chinese Emigrant District.” Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 23(1999): 99-132 Fairbank, John.K & Goldman, Merle.China: A New History.London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.Niu, Weihua & Sternberg, Robert J.“Societal and School Influences on Student Creativity: the Case of China.” Psychology in the School 40(1)2003: 103-114 Tan, Amy.The Joy Luck Club.New York:Ballantine Books,1990.
Tuan, Nien-Tsu & Ryan, Tom.“Is the Wind, or the Flag, Moving? An Oriental Perspective on the Complex Problem.” System Research and Behavioral Science 19(2002): 271-279 Wang, Huarong.“The Bridge of Cultural Understanding in The Joy Luck Club”, Journal of Honghe University 2(2004): 40-43.Wang, Qi & Li, Jin.“Chinese Children’s Self-concepts in the Domains of Learning and Social Relations.” Psychology in the School 40(1)(2003): 85-101.Zhu, Zhichang.“Confucianism in Action: Recent Developments in Oriental Systems Methodology.” System Research and Behavioral Science 15(1998): 111-130.陳愛敏.當代美國華裔文學的文化關照.文史哲, 2003(4): 116-120.何立群, 吳金平.風水對小說《喜福會》創(chuàng)作的影響.八桂僑刊, 2002(4): 50-52 何立群.五行理論與《喜福會》的成功.暨南學報(哲學社會科學版),2005(3): 74-77 胡勇.文化的鄉(xiāng)愁—美國華裔文學的文化認同.北京:中國戲劇出版社,2003. 胡勇.論美國華裔文學中國神話與民間傳說的利用.外國文學研究, 2003(6): 87-92 令狐萍.金山謠—美國華裔婦女史.北京.中國社會科學出版社,1999. 潘軍武.不可思議的中國人:《喜福會》中的異國情調與東方主義.武漢大學: 2002.彭逢春, 羅婷.從《喜福會》探析譚恩美的文化身份.邵陽學院學報(社會科學版),2004-04(2): 74-76 張瑞華.解讀譚恩美《喜福會》中的中國麻將.外國文學評論, 2001(1): 95-100 趙文書.Positioning Contemporary Chinese American Literature in Contested Terrains.南京:南京大學出版社,2004. 四川大學本科畢業(yè)論文
《喜福會》中的中國文化背景分析
Net.1: 陳啟智.儒家思想與家庭倫理.2006-01-20, http:// Net.3: Tan, Amy.An Interview 2006-1-20
http://www.tmdps.cn/authors/au-tan-amy.asp 四川大學本科畢業(yè)論文
《喜福會》中的中國文化背景分析
(本篇“致謝”僅供參考,非唯一或標準文本)
Acknowledgements
First of all, I would like to express my appreciation to all the teachers at the School(College)of __________, Sichuan University, whose instructions and guidance have made my three/four years at the university a truly rewarding experience.In particular, I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to Prof.___, Prof.___, … and Prof.___, from whose lectures I have profited tremendously over the past few years.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, ____, for all his/her inspiring ideas and kind help throughout the process of my thesis writing.Without his/her helpful suggestions, guidance and patience, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.My thanks also go to my fellow classmates and friends who have rendered me their generous help.I am particularly grateful to my parents for their strong support and deep care given to me during the process of my thesis writing.I am also deeply indebted to the authors mentioned in the bibliography.Their academic researches have given me a great deal of inspiration.It is my pleasure to dedicate this thesis to them all.
第五篇:java文件頭注釋格式
myeclipse中java文件頭注釋格式設置
2011-10-08 13:11:33| 分類: IDE|舉報|字號 訂閱
windows->preferences->java->Code Templates->comments->Type->edit Eclipse注釋規(guī)范模版總結 新建類文件 /** * @ClassName: ${file_name} * @Description: ${todo}(用一句話描述該文件做什么)* * @author ${user} * @version V1.0 * @Date ${date} ${time} */ 方法 /** * @Title: ${enclosing_method} * @Description: ${todo}(這里用一句話描述這個方法的作用)* @param: ${tags} * @return: ${return_type} * @throws * @author ${user} * @Date ${date} ${time} */
輸入設置模板:
/** * ${file_name} Create on ${date} * * Copyright(c)${date} by taotaosoft * * @author Jerryli * @version 1.0 * */
注意選擇自動添加注釋
養(yǎng)成一個規(guī)范的習慣是最好的。
選菜單 windows-->preference Java-->Code Style-->Code Templates code-->new Java files
選中點編輯
${filecomment} ${package_declaration} /** * @author 作者姓名 E-mail: email地址 * @version 創(chuàng)建時間:${date} ${time} * 類說明 */ ${typecomment} ${type_declaration}
Eclipse注釋規(guī)范模版總結
1、具體操作
(1)在eclipse中,打開Window->Preference->Java->Code Style->Code Template(2)然后展開Comments節(jié)點就是所有需設置注釋的元素,參照2注釋規(guī)范對應設置即可
2、注釋規(guī)范
(1)文件(Files)注釋標簽 /** * FileName: ${file_name} * @Description: ${todo}(用一句話描述該文件做什么)* All rights Reserved, Designed By ZTE-ITS * Copyright: Copyright(C)2010-2011 * Company ZTE-ITS WuXi LTD.* @author: 名字 * @version V1.0 * Createdate: ${date} ${time} * * Modification History: * Date Author Version Discription * * ${date} wu.zh 1.0 1.0 * Why & What is modified: <修改原因描述> */
(2)類型(Types)注釋標簽(類的注釋):
/** * @ClassName: ${type_name} * @Description:${todo}(這里用一句話描述這個類的作用)* @author: Android_Robot * @date: ${date} ${time} * * ${tags} */
(3)字段(Fields)注釋標簽:
/** * @Fields ${field} : ${todo}(用一句話描述這個變量表示什么)*/
(4)構造函數標簽:
/** * @Title: ${enclosing_type} * @Description: ${todo}(這里用一句話描述這個方法的作用)* @param: ${tags} * @throws */
(5)方法(Methods)標簽:
/** * @Title: ${enclosing_method} * @Description: ${todo}(這里用一句話描述這個方法的作用)* @param: ${tags} * @return: ${return_type} * @throws */
(6)覆蓋方法(Overriding Methods)標簽: /** *
Title: ${enclosing_method}
*Description:
* ${tags} * ${see_to_overridden} */(7)代表方法(Delegate Methods)標簽: /** * ${tags} * ${see_to_target} */
(8)getter方法標簽:
/** * @Title: ${enclosing_method}
* @Description: please write your description
* @return: ${field_type}
*/
(9)setter方法標簽:
/** * @Title: ${enclosing_method}
* @Description: please write your description
* @return: ${field_type}
*/ ren