第一篇：高二英語Unit14知識點總復習教案

高二英語Unit14 Making a difference知識點總復習教案

Section I 課前準備、聽力、口語

1.Martin Luther King.Jr formed an organization for American black leaders to work together in 1957.馬丁.路德.金在1957年組成了一個為黑人領袖們共同工作的組織。(P.25 Martin Luther King, Jr 第五點)★ form vt.(1)vt.組織，組成 He formed a class for beginners.他成立了一個初學班。(2)vt.形成(人格、精神)；養成習慣 Group activities help to form a child’s character.團體活動對小孩的性格形成有幫助。(3)vt.& vi.想出(計劃、意見等)，(希望，想法等的)產生I can't form an opinion about it.這件事我想不出什么意見。An idea formed in his mind.他心中產生了某種想法。(4)vt.使??排隊(成??)The captain formed soldiers into a line.那位上尉讓士兵排成一列。

(5)n.[U, C] 形狀，外形The cookies were all in the form of stars.那些餅干的形狀都像星星。

(6)[C]形態，種類Different countries have different forms of government.不同的國家有不同的政治形態。

(7)[C]格式，表格紙 fill in the form 填寫表格 辨析：form，figure與shape form 應用最廣，意義最不受限制，可指外在的形狀或內在的形式等。the form of a square 正方形;literary form 文學形式figure 線條決定的形狀、圖案；可指人的身材。draw a figure of a circle 畫個圓形;a slim figure 修長的身材shape 指外部的線條，但有較強的“團、塊”概念。the shape of a bottle 瓶子的形狀;work the clay into the shape of a woman 將陶土塑成一個女人的形狀

聯想：(后綴)former adj.從前的，早先的the former 前者(與the latter相對)formative adj.構成的，形成的

from prep.自，從

拓展：in form / on form 情況良好;out of form / off form情況不好

2.Nelson Mandela was put in prison from 1962 till 1989.Nelson Mandela 從1962年到1989年被投入監獄。(P.25 Nelson Mandela 第六點)★ prison: put／throw／send sb.in(into)prison 將??送進監獄，注意：prison前不加冠詞，表示較為抽象的概念。其被動形式為be put in(into)prison(被關進監獄).be sent to prison(被送進監獄);be thrown into prison(被投進監獄)。如：Law-breakers are put in／into prison.犯法的人都要坐牢。The thief was sent to prison for a year.那個小偷被送去坐了一年牢。He was put in prison／thrown into prison／sent to prison／taken to prison for political reasons.由于政治原因，他被關進了監獄。Whoever refused to bow was thrown into prison.任何拒絕鞠躬的人都被關進了監獄。拓展：go to prison 入獄;be out of prison 出獄;be in prison 在獄中;escape from prison 越獄;come out of prison 出獄;break prison 越獄

3.In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help run-away slave.1850年通過一項法律阻止人們幫助逃跑的奴隸。(P.26 Harriet Tubman 第三點)★forbid(過去式forbade, forbad;過去分詞 forbidden)vt.“禁止；不許；阻止”，常用的結構是：forbid + doing“禁止干某事”；forbid + sb.to do sth.“禁止某人干某事／阻止某人干某事。” Smoking is forbidden in our school.我們學校禁止吸煙。If you want to go, I can't forbid you.你想去，我也攔不住你。I forbid you to use my tape recorder.我不許你用我的錄音機。They forbid walking in the fields.他們禁止在地里走。

注意：“阻止某人干某事”的說法還有：

stop／prevent／keep sb.from doing sth.Parking forbidden!= No parking!禁止停車!聯想：forbidden adj.被禁止的，禁止的forbidding adj.難以接近的；可怕的；令人生畏的，令人毛骨悚然的 forbiddingly adv.難以接近地，令人毛骨悚然地 Section II 閱讀

4.I HAVE A DREAM我有一個夢(p.28Reading ‘title’)★ dream(1)vt.“做夢；夢見”，后面可跟名詞或that-clause。I dreamed my grandfather.我夢見過我的祖父。He dreamed that he was flying to the moon.他夢見他正在飛向月球。注意：當dream表示“夢想到”時，常用于否定句中，后面可接帶不定式的復合結構或that-clause(從句通常用將來時)。如：I never dreamed her to go to college.= I never dreamed that she would go to college.我連做夢也沒想到她會上大學。(2)vi.“做夢；夢見；向往”，常用的結構為：dream of + n./ doing sth.。She said that she had dreamed of you.她說她夢見過你。The people all over the world dream of peace.全世界人民向往和平。(3)n.“夢；心愿；愿望”，為可數名詞。Last night I had a good／bad／wonderful／strange dream.昨晚我做了一個好／壞／美／奇怪的夢。His dream has come true.他的愿望實現了。5.Martin Luther King.Jr gave a speech to thousands of black people who marched on Washington DC.馬丁.路德.金給成千上萬在華盛頓特區游行的黑人發表了演說。(P.28 第一段第1－2行)★on此處作介詞，意為“朝向” “向??方向”，是正式用語。如：① The workers marched on the Capital.工人向國會大廈進發。②Take the first turning on your right.在第一個路口向右拐。③ Fortune smiled on his enterprise.他的企業興旺發達。④ Ellen is eating，her eyes on her food.海倫吃東西時兩眼盯著食物。【注】on作副詞用時，也有“向前”之意。如：① If you walk on, you'll come to the church.如果你再向前走，就到教堂了。② If any letters come while you are away, shall I send them on? 如果你不在的時候有信來，我是不是要轉寄給你? ③ The two strolled on, arguing.兩人辯論著往前溜達。④There's no use staying on.繼續呆下去沒有用。

6.At that time in the southern states, blacks were not treated as equal citizens.那時在南方各州黑人不被當作平等的公民對待。（P.28 第二段 第1－2行）

★ 動詞treat與as或like連用，表示“把??當作??看待”。如：① They treated me as one of the family.他們把我當家里人看待。②Why do you treat the matter as a joke? 你為什么把這件事當作玩笑呢? ③They treated each other like brothers.他們親如手足。④ He didn't want to be treated as a distinguished guest.他不愿別人把他當上賓對待。⑤ She treated me as if I were a child.她把我當作小孩看待。

▲treat可作“探討”“處理”“討論”解。如：① This problem has been treated by many experts.這個問題已有很多專家探討過了。②The novel treats the subject of justice.這部小說的主題是正義。③ The theme of the play is skillfully treated.這個劇的主題處理得很巧妙。

▲treat亦有“款待”“待客”之意。如：① Let me treat you to a good meal.我請你吃一頓好的吧!②I think I’ll treat myself to a holiday in Guilin next year.我想明年去桂林好好地度個假。③ He treated his friends to a soda, and they treated him to a movie.他請他的朋友們喝汽水，他們請他看電影。【注】treat作上述“款待”“待客”解釋時，與介詞to連用。

▲treat與of連用時，表示“論述”“推論”。如：① The report treats of the progress

of cancer research.該報告論述了對癌癥研究的進展情況。② He treats of his subject scientifically.他科學地論述了他的題目。③ This lecture treats of the history of Ireland.這一講座論述了愛爾蘭的歷史。

【注】treat還可作“治療”解釋，請參見《1+1同步講解》高二上冊第228頁。

7.King fought for political rights for black people in the USA.金為美國黑人的政治權利而戰斗。(P.28第三段第1行)★ fight(1)vt.& vi.打仗、打架、奮斗、戰斗 如：Did your father fight in the last war?(fight作不及物動詞)你父親參加上一次的戰斗了嗎? If we all fight(against)pollution, we'll have a cleaner world(fight作及物動詞，不加介詞)如果我們都同污染作斗爭，我們將擁有一個更干凈的世界。They fought the enemy to the end.他們同敵人戰斗到底。

(2)n.戰斗、搏斗、拳擊賽The police were called in to stop the fight.警察被叫來阻止這場爭斗。The fight against pollution goes on.反對污染的斗爭在繼續。辨析：fight against，fight with與fight for fight against意為“為反對??而戰”；fight with既可表示“和?作斗爭”，相當于fight against，也可表示“和??并肩作戰”；fight for意為“為爭取??而斗爭”。如：Who'll fight with you for better working conditions? 誰會和你一起為爭取更好的工作條件而斗爭? The slaves were fighting for their freedom.奴隸們為爭取自由而斗爭。Two dogs fought for a bone，and a third runs away with it.鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利。They fought against the Japanese during the Anti-Japanese War.在抗日戰爭期間，他們曾經同日本人打過仗。You should be ready to fight against difficulties.你們應該準備同困難作斗爭。The slaves fought against / with the slave owners for their freedom.奴隸們為了爭取自由而和奴隸主們進行斗爭。England fought with France against Germany in the First World War.在第一次世界大戰中，英國和法國一起為反對德國而戰。

8.By doing this, he set all example to the rest sections of the world.他以此給世界其他地區樹立了榜樣。(P.28 第三段 第1－2行)★ by為介詞，表示方式、方法、手法，現將其用法歸納如下：

(1)by + n.(名詞前無冠詞)。如：by mail / post / fax / radio / telephone / telegraph / telegram...(2)by + doing結構。如：by increasing／speaking／teaching／begging...He earns his living by teaching.他以教書為主。The six blind men made their living by begging.那6個盲人靠要飯為生。

(3)by + n.(表交通路線、工具的名詞)。如：by land／road／rail／train／bus／jeep／car／taxi／truck／bike;by sea／water／ship／boat;by air／plane(4)by + n.(表面積、體積等的名詞)。如：by area / volume / weight / length / width / height / depth...(5)by + the + n.(表度量衡的名詞)。如：by the hour / day / week / month / year / kilogram / yard / metre...In England, sugar is sold by the pound, eggs by the dozen and cloth by the yard.在英國，糖是按磅賣，蛋是按打賣，布是按碼賣。

▲by和with都可以用來表示某人如何做某事，但這兩個詞之間有重要區別：by用于表示動作或方式，后跟動名詞或抽象名詞；而with 通常表示用的是什么工具或其他具體的東西。試比較： ① I killed the spider by hitting it.我拍死了蜘蛛。(動作)② I killed the spider with a notebook.我用筆記本把蜘蛛打死了。(工具)③ He got what he wanted by talking cleverly.他由于說話靈巧而得到了他想要的東西。(動作)④ He got what he wrested with flowers and chocolates.他靠鮮花和巧克力得到了他想得到的東西。(具體的

東西)⑤ The street is lighted by electricity.街道用電照明。(方式)⑥ The street is lighted with lights.街道用電燈照明。(工具)▲在被動語態的句子中，by表示執行動作的人或東西，with表示所用的工具。試比較下列句子：① Tile bird was killed by a cat.那只嗎是被貓弄死的。(貓是動作執行者)② The bird was killed with a stone.那只鳥是用石頭打死的。(未說明執行者)③ He was killed by a heart stone.(A stone fell and killed him.)他被一塊大石頭砸死了。④ He was killed with a heavy stone.(someone used a stone to kill him.)他是被人用石頭砸死的。

★ rest意為“其余的人”或“剩余物”，與定冠詞連用，作主語時如代表復數名詞，則謂語動詞要用復數形式，如代表不可數名詞，則謂語動詞用單數形式。如：① These are mine;Robert, the rest are yours.這些是我的，羅伯特，剩下的是你的。② Mary and Beth will go to the movies and the rest of the girls are to go shopping.瑪麗和貝思要去看電影，其余的女孩則要去購物。③ One of the books is written in Chinese, and the rest are English.那些書中有一本是中文的，其余都是英文的。④ Only 55 percent of the raw material is canned.The rest is thrown away, or fed to cows.只有55％的原材料做了成罐頭，其余的不是扔了就是成了牛的飼料。

9.His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people.他的理想是黑人不應該被分隔開，應該像其他人一樣受到尊重。(P.28 第三段 第2－3行)★本句中的表語從句中的動詞用的是虛擬語氣，當表示“要求?” “建 議”“命令”這類意義的名詞作主語時，其后的名詞性從句應該用虛擬語氣，動詞形式為“should + 動詞原形”或直接用動詞原形，這類名詞常見的有sug-gestion，proposal，demand，request，order，requirement，advice，idea等。如： ① The workers' requirement was that their working conditions be improved.工人們的要求是他們的工作條件應得到改善。② Our decision is that the school(should)remain closed.我們的決定是學校暫不開學。③ Sophia's idea was that they should lock up the home.索菲婭的想法是把大門鎖起來。④ Her suggestion was that they carry on their conversation in French.她的建議是他們用法語對話。

【注】上述例句①－④均是表語從句，下面是這類名詞后的同位語從句，謂語動詞也用“should+動詞原形”或直接用動詞原形。⑤ They were faced with the demand that this tax(should)be abolished.他們面對著廢除這個稅的要求。⑥ They expressed the wish that she(should)accept the award.他們表示希望她接受這筆獎金。⑦ What do you think of the proposal that we(should)put on a play at the English evening? 你覺得要我們在英語晚會上演一個劇的建議怎么樣? ⑧ The boss didn't accept the workers demand that their pay(should)be raised, so the strike went on.老板沒有接受工人們增加工資的要求，所以罷工仍在繼續。

★ the same...as...意為“和??相同的”，在這個結構中，as為關系代詞，引導定語從句，在從句中，as可作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時，as也不能省略。如：①This is the same person as we talked about yesterday.這就是我們昨天談論過的那個人。② Mary wears the same kind of glasses as Helen does.瑪麗戴著海倫常戴的那種眼鏡。③ You have the same opinion as I have.你的觀點和我的觀點是一樣的。④ He gave the same answer as I did.他給的答案和我的一樣。

【注】as還可以和such，so，as連用，構成定語從句。如：① They visited such places as they wanted to.他們游覽了想要游覽的地方。② Such books as you have ale sold out.你有的那種書已賣完了。③ Let's discuss only such questions as we are all interested in.讓我們只討論我們感興趣的問題。④ I felt a weight at my heart such as I had never had before.我感到心中有一種從未有過的沉重。⑤ Here is so heavy a stone as no one call remove.這里有一塊重得沒有人能移動的石頭。⑥ The picture was so beautiful as drew many

people's attention.這幅畫太美了，吸引了很多人的注意力。⑦ Have you ever seen such beautiful gold fish as I bought yesterday? 你可曾見過像我昨天買的一樣美的金魚嗎? ⑧ You will see as many children as come.你將見到所有到來的孩子們。

【注】除了和上述the same，such，so等搭配引導定語從句外，as也可以引起定語從句，這時，關系代詞as常常代表主句的整個意思或部分意思。如：① He must be an Asian, as we can see from his looks.他肯定是亞洲人，這一點我們可以從他的外表看出來。② The football game was very exciting, as we had expected.正如我們所料，足球賽非常令人激動。③ As is known to all, China is a developing country.眾所周知，中國是一個發展中國家。④ He didn't lose heart, as could be judged from his expression.他沒有失去信心，這從他的表情中可以看出。⑤ Lincoln was killed in a theatre by an actor, as is described in this book.正如這本書所描寫的，林肯是在一家劇院里被一個演員謀殺的。

【注】as作為關系代詞代表前面主句的意思，和which代表主句的意思很相似，但as有“正如”的涵義，而which沒有。

10....where black people had equal rights and were free to live, study and work as they wished.那兒的黑人享有同等的權利，能自由地按自己的意愿生活、學習和工作。(P.28 第四段 第3行)★ be free to do sth.意為“自由自在、不受拘束地做某事”。如：① You are free to go or stay as you please.去或留隨你的便。② Everyone is free to express himself.每個人都可以暢所欲言。③ She is not free to marry because she has to look after her parents.她不能結婚，因為她必須照顧雙親。④ She felt free when she left home and moved to the city.他離開家鄉到城市后感到無拘無束。⑤ The prisoner will be set free next week.那個囚犯在下周釋放。

【注】free還可解釋為“免費的”，相當于without payment of any kind，cost nothing。如：① ”Are the drinks free?“ ”No, you have to pay for them.“ “這些飲料是不是免費的?”“不，你必須付錢。” ② Anyone who buys this breakfast food gets a free gift of a small plastics toy.購買這份早餐食物的人都可得到一件免費的塑料玩具。③ This is a free ticket for the concert.這是一種免費的音樂會入場券。

【注】free還可作“空閑的”“未被利用的”解。如：① ”Is this seat free?“ ”Yes, no one is using it.““這座位沒人坐嗎?”“是的，沒人坐。” ② She picked it up with her free hand.她用閑著的那只手把它撿起來。③ The doctor will be free in ten minutes.Can you wait that long? 醫生十分鐘后有空，你能等一下嗎? 【注】 free from／of意為“不受?影響的”。如：① The old lady is never free from／of pain.那位老太太從未擺脫過病痛。② She was free from all blame for the accident.那次事故完全不能怪她。

【注】free還可作副詞用，意為“自由地”“免費地”“松動地”。如：① Don't let the dog ran free on the main road.別讓那條狗在大街上隨便亂跑。② Babies are allowed to travel free on buses.嬰兒可免費乘公共汽車。③ Two of the screws in this old wooden door have worked themselves free.那扇舊木門上的兩顆螺絲釘松動了。【注】free還可作動詞用，意為“使自由”“免除”“解放”“使松動”。如：① The little boy freed the bird from its cage.那小男孩把籠子里的鳥放了。② I need to go out.Can you free me for an hour? 我需要出去一下，你能讓我離開一小時嗎? ③ At last he freed himself from debt.他終于還清了債務。

【注】 freely也是副詞，但與free作副詞時解釋不同。freely意為“主動地?”“慷慨地”“坦率地”“自由地”。如：① I freely admit that what I said just now was wrong.我主動承認剛才我說的話錯了。② He gives his time freely to help the school.他用自己的大量時間來為學校辦事。③ You can speak quite freely in front of me.I shan't tell

anyone what you say.你有話可坦率地對我說，我不會告訴任何人。

★ wish v.& n.希望；意愿

(1)wish用作及物動詞，后可接不定式短語、不定式復合結構、雙賓語及賓語從句。如：We wish to visit the Great Wall one day.我們渴望有一天去長城參觀。I wish you to finish your homework on time.我希望你能按時完成作業。I wish you success.祝你成功。(2)當wish后跟that引導的賓語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣。如：① 在賓語從句中，表示現在不可能實現的愿望時，謂語動詞用過去式(動詞be的過去式用were)。② 表示過去未能實現的愿望時，謂語動詞用過去完成式。③ 表示與將來事實可能相反的愿望時，謂語動詞一般用”would／could+動詞原形”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.(= But in fact it is not spring all the year round.)要是一年到頭都是春天該多好啊。I wish I had your address.(= I'm sorry don't have your address.)很遺憾我沒有你的地址。She wishes she had been here last week.(=But in fact she wasn't here last week.)她想，要是她上星期在這里就好了。I wish they would come again tomorrow.(= But in fact they will not come again tomorrow.)我但愿他們明天會再來。

(3)當wish用作不及物動詞時，常與介詞for搭配。如：All of us wish for happiness.我們都渴望幸福。

比較：hope表希望時所接從句用陳述語氣，表示可能實現的愿望。試區別：I hope that it is true.我希望這事是真的。I wish that it were true.這事要是真的就好了。11.All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights.金一生都認為，如果老百姓沒有民權的話，他們就應改而且必須要求進行社會改革。(P.28 第四段 第3－4行)★ demand(1)vt.& n.需要，需求 = to ask for sth.；需要，需求 = to require, need；后面可跟名詞，代詞，不定式或從句。

注意：demand后接從句時，從句應用虛擬語氣，即(should)+ 動詞原形。例：The workers are demanding better pay.工人們要求提高工資。I demand that John(should)go there at once.我要求約翰立即去那兒。This sort of work demands great patience.這種工作需要極大的耐心。(2)n.多用作可數名詞，表示“要求、請求、需求、需要”。如：It's impossible to satisfy all your demands.滿足你所有的要求是不可能的。The workers' demands for high pay were refused by employers.工人們想提高工資的要求遭到雇主們的拒絕。

辨析：demand，ask，beg與require 這四個動詞均表示“要求”。

ask通常表示在感到其要求可能能得到滿足的情況下提出要求；beg表示一再懇切地提出要求；demand表示以強硬、斷然的口吻提出要求；require表示有需要或有權力提出要求。如：She asked me to wake her at five.她要我5點叫醒她。She begged not to be left at home.她懇求不要把她留在家里。She demanded an answer of me.她要求我給予答復。She required every man here to wear a tie.她要求這里每個男人都戴領帶。

拓展：in demand非常需要的、受歡迎的；on demand一經要求 如：These silk goods are not much in demand.這些絲織品沒有多少銷路。Passengers must show their tickets on demand.查票時，旅客需出示車票。

12.King led a boycott of the bus company.金領導黑人對公交公司進行了聯合抵制。(P.28 第五段 第2－3行)★ lead(1)vt.領導、帶領、引導 常用的結構為：lead sb.to some place和lead sb.in doing sth.。如：He led us to a room upstairs.他把我們領到樓上的一個房間里。

(2)vi.通向、導致 常用詞組為lead to。如：All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅

馬。Carelessness leads to failure.粗心導致失敗。

(3)vt.過(某種生活)。如：We are leading a happy life.我們正過著幸福生活。拓展：led by...在??的領導下；under the leadership of sb.或under sb.'s leadership 在某人的領導下。如：Led by the Party, we have had great changes in our hometown.在黨的領導下，我們的家鄉發生了巨大的變化。

(4)n.[U] 領先、帶頭。gain／have the lead in the race 在賽跑中領先;take the lead 帶頭;with him in the lead 在他的帶動下

13.He led many non-violent demonstrations against the racial discrimination and the Vietnam War, ? 他領導了許多次反種族歧視和反對越南戰爭的非暴力示威游行。(P.28 第五段 第5－6行)★ against(1)反對，逆 He swam against the stream.他逆流游泳。They sailed against the wind.他們頂著風航行。

(2)撞擊；碰著 He hit against a tree.他撞在一棵樹上。Rain beats against the window.雨打在窗戶上。

(3)緊靠，倚在 A piano stood against the wall.靠墻放著一架鋼琴。He put the ladder against the wall.他把梯子靠在墻上。

(4)以??為背景，與??對比 The picture looks good against that light wall.在淺色墻壁的襯托下，這幅畫很好看。A ship appeared against the sky.一艘船出現在天邊。(5)防備He saved money against old age.他攢錢防老。Squirrels store up food against winter.松鼠貯藏食物以備過冬。

拓展：be against 表示“反對”，其同義詞組是object to，反義詞是be for，be in favour of，support。如：I knew she was against us.我知道她反對我們。Are you against or for the plan? 你是反對這個計劃還是贊成這個計劃? 14.Martin Luther King Jr.was murdered in 1968.馬丁·路德·金于一九六八年被謀殺。(P.28 第八段 第1行)★ murder意為“謀殺”“兇殺”，既可以作動詞，也可以作名詞，作名詞時意為“兇殺案”，是可數名詞。如：① There's something about the murder in today's news-paper.今天的報紙上刊登了這個謀殺案的一些情況。② Police ale still looking for the murder weapon.警察們仍在尋找謀殺用的兇器。③ There happened two murders this month in the town.這個鎮上本月發生了兩起兇殺案。④ One day, a man was murdered in the street.有一天，一個人在街上被謀殺了。

【注】請注意murder與kill的區別，kill是個普通的詞，意為“造成(任何生物)死亡”，其主語可以是人，也可以是物或大自然；而murder的意思是“謀殺”，是有目的、有預謀的行為。試比較：① My uncle was killed in a plane crash.我叔父在飛機失事中遇難。② The cold weather killed our tomato plants.寒冷的天氣凍壞了我們種的西紅柿。③ She was sent to prison for murdering her husband.她因謀殺丈夫而被關進監獄。

▲murder還可作“因缺乏技術或知識而損毀”解。如：① He murdered a piece of music.他把一支曲子演奏得不成樣子。② Do you ever murder the English language? 你有沒有胡亂使用英語? ③ It's a beautiful song, but they murdered it.這首歌很動聽，但他們唱砸了。

【注】murder在非正式用法中，可解釋為“極艱難的事”。如：① At last I repaired the clock, but it was murder getting the pieces back in.我終于把鐘修好了，但把所有的零件重新裝好，可真是一件艱難的事。

15.If you were asked to move paragraph 1 to another place in the reading passage, where would it best fit in.如果要求你把第一段移到文章的另一個地方，你認為哪里最合

適。(P.29 Post-Reading No.2)★ fit in意為“(使)適合”“配合”，常與with連用。如：① I've filled the box, and all the books fit in nicely.我已裝好了箱子，所有的書都放下了。② The home fits in beautifully with its surroundings.這房子同它周圍的環境非常協調。③ Your ideas fit in with mine.你的想法跟我一樣。④She joined the club but didn't seemed to fit in，so she left.她參加了那俱樂部，但不適應，所以退出了。⑤ The piece of evidence does not fit in with that of the other witness.這一證據同另一證人提供的不一致。

▲fit in可作“安排時間或地方”解。如：①I'm sure you can fit me in somewhere.我相信你能找個地方安排我。② Sorry, I can't fit in any more callers this morning.對不起，今天上午我不能再接待更多的來訪者了。③ I think one can fit in an additional room behind the kitchen.我想我們可以在廚房后面辟出一間房間。Section III 詞匯、語法、綜合技能

16.He is known as a freedom fighter for equal rights of black people in America.他被認為是為了美國黑人平等權利而斗爭的自由斗士。(P.30 Grammar EX.1 Example)★ be well-known for，be well-known as及famous的異同 ▲be well known for和be well known as都有“以??而著稱”之意，但前者表示主語以某一方面著稱，而后者則意為主語作為一個整體以什么著稱。請閱讀下面例句，體會其中的差別：① Martin Luther King was well-known for fighting for equal rights for blacks.馬丁·路德金以為黑人的平等權利戰斗而著稱。② Martin Luther King was well-known as a freedom fighter.馬丁·路德金以一名自由戰士而著稱。③ Beijing is well-known for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and some other places of interest.北京因長城、頤和園和其他名勝著稱。④Beijing is well-known as a beautiful city.北京以一個美麗的城市而著稱。⑤ Lu Xun was well-known for his essays.魯迅以他的雜文著稱。⑥ Lu Xun was well-known as a great writer and thinker.魯迅作為一個偉大的作家和思想家而著稱。

【注】well-known的近義詞是famous。famous是個普通詞，使用最廣泛，多用于褒義。側重好名聲，語義比well-known強；讀上面的幾個例句中well-known可用famous替代。well-known通常與名聲好壞無關，也表示“廣為人知”。下面的句子中，well-known不能用famous替代。如：① It is well-known that bamboo shoot is a panda's main food.眾所周知竹筍是熊貓的主食。② It's a well-known fact that smoking can cause lung cancer.吸煙可導致肺癌，這是眾所周知的事實。

17.Freedom fighters can be found everywhere, and they are of all times.只有戰士到處都有，他們屬于所有時代。(P.30 第一段 第1行)★ 再談“be + of + 名詞”： 關于”be + of + 名詞”，我們在高二上冊已作過分析，這里我們從另一角度來闡述一下。介詞of在這里表人或物的特征，這是of的一種最常見的用法，只不過在這里是用在be動詞之后作表語。構成了我們所要談的這個結構，而在其他情況下，多用在名詞后作定語，也表示人或物的特征。如：① The work I am doing is of much value.我做的工作很有價值。(表語)② This is the work of much value.這是一件很有價值的工作。(定語)③ They were both of middle height.他們兩人都是中等身材。(表語)④ Tom's father is a man of middle height.湯姆的父親是中等身材。(定語)⑤ The manager is of the same opinion.經理也持同樣看法。(表語)⑥ He is a man of progressive views.他是個有進步觀點的男子。(定語)⑦ That's one true act of friendship.這是一個真正的友好行動。(定語)⑧ The act is of true friendship.這個行動是真正友好的。(表語)★ time 1)n.常用復數。時代，時期，有時特指某些艱苦的時期。in modern times是一個固定詞組，意思是“在現代／近代”。time在指“時代”時常用復數。如：The times are different now。but he still lives in the past.時代不同了，但他仍生活在過去。In ancient times，man lived on wild plants and wild beasts.古代的人們靠野果和野獸生存。Some people were lucky to have lived through the hard times of the war.有些幸運的人從艱難的戰爭年代熬了過來。Country music is one of the most popular music in modern times.鄉村音樂是當今最流行的音樂之一。

2)n.次數，常以詞組的形式出現

(1)at a time 每次、一次 You can borrow two books at a time.每次你可以借兩本書。(2)at one time 曾經、一度、過去某個時期 At one time we met frequently.有一個時期我們常常見面。

(3)at any time任何時候、隨時 You may drop in at any time.歡迎您隨時光臨。

(4)at no time決不、在任何時候都不 At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中國在任何時候都不首先使用核武器。注意：at no time位于句首時，句子常倒裝。

(5)at the same time 同時、盡管如此The two visitors arrived at the same time.兩位來訪者同時到達。

(6)at times 有時、間或I do feel a little nervous at times．有時，我的確感到有點兒緊張。(7)after a time 過了一段時間，過一會兒。常與非延續性動詞的一般過去時連用。After a time she came back with a basket in her hand.過了一會兒，她手里提著一個籃子回來了。(8)behind time 在原定時間以后，遲到 The train is ten minutes behind time.火車晚點10分鐘。(9)for a time一段時間、一會兒、暫時、一度。常與延續性動詞連用。He rested for a time and went on with his work.他休息了一會兒，又繼續工作了。

(10)from time to time 不時地，有時Even though the Smiths have moved, we still see them from time to time.雖然史密斯一家已經搬走，我們仍然時常見到他們。

(11)time and time again = time after time 多次、反復Thousands of people have proved it time and time again.成千上萬的人反復證明了這一點。

(12)in time 及時、遲早We were just in time to catch the bus.我們正好趕上那班公共汽車。

(13)on time準時、按時He seldom goes to work on time.他很少按時上班。(14)in no time立刻、很快 I’ll be back in no time.我很快就回來。

(15)at all times 無論何時、一直We should at all times be aware of our own shortcomings.我們應該時時清楚地看到我們自己的短處。(16)in time of...在??時候These ants act as guards and soldiers in time of trouble.這些螞蟻在遇到麻煩的時候就擔當警衛和士兵。(17)in one's spare time 在某人的業余時間里He often goes swimming in his spare time.業余時間，他經常去游泳。

(18)all the time 一直、始終They were there all the time.他們自始至終都在那兒。(19)have a good time 玩得很高興He had a good time during the holidays.他假期過得很愉快。

(20)take one's time 不著急、慢慢來Take your time, don't work too hard.別著急，不要太辛苦了。

18.From the late 18th to well into the 19th century different groups of people struggled for their rights.從十八世紀后期到進入十九世紀，很多不同的人們為他們的權利而斗爭。(P.30 第二段 第1－2行)★ well此處為副詞，表示程度常用來修飾介詞短語。如：① He's well past forty.他已四十好幾了。② The necklace is worth well over a thousand dollars.這條項鏈的價錢遠

遠超過一千美金。③ The students of the senior high school numbered well over five thousand 這所高中的學生大大超過五千人。④ It's well past six o'clock.Let's hurry.六點多了。快點吧。

【注】well表示程度時，也可修飾部分形容詞或副詞。如：① He's well advanced in his years.他年紀相當大了。⑥ They were well down in front.他們坐得很靠前。⑦ The wheat is well forward now.小麥已經長得相當高了。⑧ The film is well worth seeing.這電影很值得一看。★ struggle(1)n.[C]掙扎，努力，搏斗Each age has its own struggle for rights.每個時期都會為爭得權力而努力。Don't give up without a struggle.不要未經努力就放棄。

(2)vi.掙扎著進行，艱苦進行We struggled through the crowd.我們在人群中掙扎前進。拓展：struggle for 為??而掙扎，努力;struggle with／against 為反對??而掙扎，搏斗

★ right(1)n.權利；正確性。在表示“做某事的權利”時，常用作可數名詞；在表示“正義，正確性”時，常用作不可數名詞。如：Everyone has a right to speak out his mind.大家都有權利把自己的想法講出來。Dr King fought for the human rights of the blacks.金博士為爭取黑人的人權而斗爭。He is too young to tell right from wrong.他太年輕，還無法區別正確與錯誤。

(2)right作“正確”講時，其反義詞為“wrong”；作“右邊”講時，其反義詞為“left”。19.These struggles started with the ideas of the French Revolution and the American War of Independence.這些斗爭起源于法國大革命和美國獨立戰爭的理想。(P.30 第二段 第2行)★start with意為“以?開始”“從?善手”“開頭有”。如：① Our group had five members to start with.我們小組開始時有五個人。② His illness started with a slight cough.他的病開始時只是輕微的咳嗽。③ We'll now hear the students read their poems, starting with Tom.我們現在聽學生們朗讀詩歌，從湯姆開始。④ Westerners start the meal with soup.西方人吃飯先喝湯。

【注】start with可作“開始時”“首先”解釋，這時常作插入語。如：①You have no right to raise this question, to start with.首先，你們無權提這個問題。②Our difficulties are many;to start with, we can't get the workers.我們有許多困難，首先是找不到工人。③To start with, the day was fine, but then it turned showery.開始時天氣很好，可是后來下起雨來了。

【注】to start with也可作狀語。如：① They paid him only five dollars a week to start with.開始時，他們每周只給他五美金的工資。② We had no blueprints and no material to start with.開始時，我們沒有圖紙沒有材料。③The school bought a big basket of seeds for us to start with.學校先給我們買了一大籃子的種子。

20.There were famous books about the rights of man and later the rights of woman.有很多著名的書籍討論人權，以及后來的女權的問題。(P.30 第二段 第3行)▲later(1)adj.較遲的，較后的(? earlier)Let's take a later train.我們搭晚一點的火車吧。

(2)adv.較遲地，較后地(? earlier)He came later than usual.他比平常來得晚。See you later.回頭見，再見。

辨析：late，later，lately與latest

late adj.& adv.遲到的，晚的；later是late的比較級形式，意思為“稍后，后來，在

某事之后”。lately adv.相當于recently；表示“最近，沒多長時間”等。latest是late的最高級，意為“最近的，最新的”等。例：He often goes to bed late and gets up late.他總是晚睡晚起。That happened in the late 1870s.這事發生在19世紀70年代末。He returned three days later than expected.他比原來預料的晚回來了3天。What did the latest news say? 最新消息是怎么說的? I haven't heard of him lately.What's happened? 最近沒聽到他的消息，不知怎么回事? 21.In the nineteenth century, women all over the world, st6arted asking for equal rights.在19世紀，全世界的婦女開始要求平等權利了。(P.31 第二段 第5行)★ ask for的意思和用法

(1)ask for在此處作“要求得到”“需要”解。如：① He asked for time to think all this over.他要求給他點時間，把這一切仔細想一想。② The employees asked for an increase in their pay.員工們要求提高工資。③ Everything that was asked for has now been sent.所要的東西現在全送去了。④ If you get into difficulties, don't hesitate to ask for advice.你要是碰到困難，趕緊向人求教。

(2)ask for有“求見”“找(某)人”之意。如：① Mr Smith, a lady is asking for you at the door.史密斯先生，門口有位女士要找您。② Has anyone asked for me during my absence? 我不在時有人找過我嗎? ③ He is not the man you are asking for.他不是你要找的人。④Just now someone asked for you on the phone.剛才有人打電話找你。

(3)ask sb.for sth.有“向某人要某物”之意。如：① Why don't you go and ask her for help? 你為何不去找她幫忙? ② They asked us for our impressions of the fair.他們要我們談談對交易會的印象。

22.What all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect, ? 所有這些群體的共同要求是受到尊重，?(P.31 第三段 第4行)★ in common意為“共用?‘共有?‘共同”(如要表示“與??共有(用)”，后接介詞with等)。如：① Freedom fighters in history had something in common, that is they fought for freedom of most people, not few.歷史上的自由戰士有共同點，那就是他們為大多數人的自由而斗爭，不是為少數人。② The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the town.這個游泳池供鎮上所有的孩子共同使用。③ To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.令我驚訝的是，我發現我與這陌生人有很多相似之處。④ Their methods have a lot in common.他們的方法有很多相似之處。⑤ He had little in common with his little sister.他與妹妹沒有多少共同之處。⑥ In common with most Italian lakes, access to the shores of Orta is restricted.和大多數的意大利湖一樣，進入奧培湖泊受到限制。⑦ In common with most people, he prefers classical music to pop music.和大多數人一樣，他喜歡古典音樂，不喜歡流行音樂。

23.But in the twentieth century organizations were formed to give voice to groups that do not have a voice to speak for themselves.但是在20世紀成立了一些組織為那些無法出聲說話的群體代言。(P.31 第四段 第3行)★ give voice to意為“提出(意見)”“吐露(感情)”。如：① Only Jack dared to give voice to his discontent.只有杰克敢于表達他的不滿。② He gave voice to his anger in his letter to me.他在給我的信中表達了他的憤怒。【注】有關voice的詞組很多，常見的有： raise one's voice放大聲音講話，with one voice異口同聲地，at the top of one's voice高聲地，lose one's voice發不出聲音，keep one's voice down說話聲要小一點等等。

如：① I don't want to have to raise my voice to you again.我不想再對你大聲嚷嚷。② Keep your voice down, and don't wake up the sleeping child.聲音小一點，不要吵醒熟睡的小孩。③ With one voice, they agreed to go on strike.他們一致同意繼續罷工。④ He gave lessons at the top of his voice.他放開嗓門講課。⑤ I've got a bad cold, and I've lost my voice.我得了重感冒，嗓子都發不出聲來了。24.at first sight 乍一看, 初見之下(P.32 Tips 第一點)At first sight their demands seemed reasonable.乍看之下，他們的要求似乎是合理的。拓展：與sight相關的常見短語：

(1)lose one's sight失去視力；喪失視力The poor boy lost his sight at the age of five.這個可憐的男孩5歲時就失去了視力。

(2)catch sight of(突然)看見 I was walking along the country road when I caught sight of a fox catching a cock in its mouth.我正在鄉間小路上走著，突然看見一只狐貍嘴里叼著一只公雞。

(3)lose sight of 看不見 We lost sight of the birds, for they flew high above the sky.我們看不見那些鳥了，因為它們在天空中飛得很高。

(4)in／within sight在視野之內；看得見We looked to the south and the train was in／within sight.我們向南望去，看見了那列火車。(5)out of sight 在視野之外，看不見He stood at the airport and looked until the plane was out of sight in the sky.他站在機場上看著，直到飛機消失在空中。

(6)have good／bad／poor sight視力好，視力不好 have near／short sight患近視;I have good sight.我視力很好。

第二篇：高二英語Unit19 知識點總復習教案

高二英語Unit19 The Merchant of Venice知識點總復習教案

Section I 課前準備、聽力、口語

1.Deny your father, and refuse your name? 否認你的父親，拒絕你的名字。(p.65 Warming up)▲ deny(denied，denying)(1)vt.否認，不承認Can you deny the truth of his statement? 你能否認他的聲明的真實性嗎? He denied telling me／that he had told me.他否認告訴過我。

注意：deny后跟動名詞或跟賓語從句作賓語。

(2)vt.不給；不準 I was denied the chance of going to college.不給我上大學的機會。

(3)vt.(正式)拋棄；背棄He has denied his country and his principles!他背棄了他的國家和他的原則1 ▲ refuse(refused，refusing)(1)vt.拒絕；不接受；不肯He asked her to marry him, but she refused(to marry him).他向她求婚，但是她拒絕了。She refused his offer.她不接受他的求婚。

(2)refuse還可跟動詞不定式構成refuse +to do；也可用于被動結構。She refused to go home.她不回家。They were refused admittance.他們被拒絕入內。

(3)vi.拒絕 He can't refuse if you ask politely.你如果禮貌地請求，他是不會拒絕的。

注意：refuse只接不定式，不接動名詞，不接不定式的復合賓語結構，也不接賓語從句，如：不說，He refused me to go(going)there.而應說：He didn't allow me to go there 或 He refused to let me go.他不讓我去那兒。辨析：refuse與reject refuse和reject都有“拒絕”的意思，有時可以通用，有時用法又不同。refuse強調堅定地拒絕，后可接動詞不定式。reject強調當前拒絕對方的請求、提議的情況，一般后面不接動詞不定式。如：He refused to speak at the meeting.他拒絕在會上發言。He rejected my request.他當面拒絕了我的要求。

Section II 閱讀

2.As far as I know? 據我所知?(p.67 Useful expressions)as far as的用法和意思 ▲ as far as或so far as，此處意為“據”“就?‘盡”，常與動詞know，see等詞連用。如： ① As far as they know, the room is empty.據他們所知，房間是空的。② So far as I can judge, she is quite efficient.據我判斷，她的工作效率是相當高的。③ There aye no mistakes as far as I can see.在我看來沒什么錯誤。④ So far as I know, their work is far from satisfactory.據我所知，他們的工作并不令人滿意。

【注】類似的用法還有：as far as sb./ sth.is concerned，意思是“就某人 ／某事而言”“對某人／某事來說”。如：① As far as I am concerned, it's all nonsense.在我看來，這全是一派胡言。② This has been a difficult period as far as the country's economy is concerned.就我國經濟而言，最近是其困難時期。

【注】也可以用as far as sth.goes。如：① so far as content goes, it is all right.就內容而言，這還不錯。② It's a perfectly good law as far as it goes, but it doesn't deal with the real problems．該法就其本身而言非常不錯，但是它未解決實際問題。

【注】 as far as的原意是“到達”“一直到”。如：① The flood waters came as far as the roof.洪水一直漫到屋頂。② They didn't go as far as we.他們走得不如我們遠。3.The way I would go about it? 我要做這件事的方法?(p.67 Useful expressions)▲ go about的用法

(1)go about此處意為“從事于??” “進行??”。如：① You are not going about it the right way.你的做法不對。② Peter has no idea how to go about finding a better job.彼得不知道怎樣才能找到更好的工作。③ Bobby is going about his homework very seriously tonight.博比今天晚上在非常認真地做功課。④ How will you go about building the bird home? 你打算怎樣著手建鳥舍?(2)go about可作“流傳”解釋，此時about是副詞，后面不需要跟賓語。如：① There are a lot 0f colds going about now.目前感冒傳染很厲害。② A story is going about that there will be another party on the 15th of August.據說八月十五日要舉行另一次聚會。③ The rumor is going about that John and Mary are getting married.謠傳約翰和瑪麗要結婚了。(3)go about還有“到處走走”之意，此處about也是副詞，相當于around。如：① People are going about more now that the weather's better.因為天氣熱些了，人們外出增多了。② Is it dangerous to go about bareheaded when it's mining? 下雨的時候光著頭到處走有危險嗎? ③ Mother is much better, thank you, she's able to go about a bit more.謝謝你，母親好多了，她已能更多地走動了。

4.Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock.寬恕Antonio吧，Shylock.(p.67 Reading 第二行)have mercy on sb.寬恕某人 ▲ mercy n.仁慈、憐憫、寬恕 She has mercy on little animals.她憐憫小動物。They showed little mercy to their enemies.他們對敵人毫不仁慈。

(1)這一意思也可以用show mercy to sb.或give mercy to sb.表示。如：① Have mercy on me.饒了我吧!② They showed mercy to the defeated enemy.他們饒恕了被打敗的敵人。③ In Iraq, the American soldiers had no mercy on the prisoners of war.在伊拉克，美軍士兵對戰俘毫無憐憫之意。④ The judge showed mercy to him.法官寬恕了他。(2)mercy也可作可數名詞，這時意為“幸運的事”“值得感激的事”。如：① What a mercy he escaped the fire!他從火里逃生，真是幸運。② He is thankful for small mercies.他對小恩小惠也很感激。③ It was a mercy that she wasn't seriously injured.謝天謝地，她沒有受重傷。

注意：表示被動意義時可以說：We were given no mercy.我們沒有得到寬恕。No mercy was shown to the prisoners.對囚犯毫不寬恕。

聯想：(復)mercies(同)charity, grace 拓展：at he mercy of 任由??擺布，在??掌握之中;have mercy on ／ upon sb.／ sth.= show mercy to sb./ sth.對??表示同情；對??有憐憫之心;without mercy 毫不留情地

5.I’ve promised to take my pound of flesh.我說過一定要拿走我的那一磅肉。(p.67 Reading 第三行)▲ promise(1)vt.答應，允諾約定I don't remember I ever promised that.我不記得我答應過這件事。

(2)vt.promise + to + v.(原型)I never promised to obey her commands.我從未答應過要服從她的命令。

(3)vt.promise + n./ pron.+ n./ pron.She promised me a gift for my birthday.她答應送我一件生日禮物。

(4)vt.promise + that從句He promised that he would come.他答應來。

(5)n.諾言、約定Give me your promise that you'll never do that again.答應我你永遠不要再干那種事。

聯想：promise n.諾言、約定、預示;promiser n.做出諾言的人。

拓展：make a promise 做出承諾，允諾;keep one's promise遵守諾言;break one's promise

食言

6.It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.跟夏洛克講理是沒有用的。(p.67 Reading 第七行)▲ It's useless + doing是一固定句型，意思是“做某事沒有用處”。

拓展：It's useless / no use / no good + v.-ing做某事沒有用處(好處)It's no use quarreling with her.跟她吵架沒有用。It's of no use arguing about it.爭論這事沒有用。It's no good crying over spilt milk.后悔是沒有用的。(諺語)覆水難收。Is it any good just crying? 光哭有什么用呢? 7.You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea.你到不如站在海灘上跟大海講理。(p.67 Reading 第七行)▲ may / might / just / could as well do sth.(as do sth.else)意思是“還是??的好”“倒不如”“干脆”“不妨”。如：① If that's the case, I may as well try.如果真是那樣的話，我不妨試試。② I may as well admit that I knew the answer all along.我干脆承認了吧，我早就知道答案。③ The weather was so bad we might as well have stayed home.天氣這樣糟糕，我們還不如呆在家里呢。④ Anyway, you're here;you might as well stay.反正你已經來了，最好還是住在這兒吧!⑤ I might as well tell you the truth.我不妨告訴你真相。⑥ I'll come with you if you like;I might as well.如果你愿意，我就和你一起去，我無所謂。⑦ If I've got to go somewhere, I may as well go to Birmingham.如果我非得到什么地方去的話，我還是去伯明翰的好。

8.Pass judgment on me and give Shylock what he wants.對我審判吧，把夏洛克想要的東西給他把。(p.67 Reading 第八行)▲ pass judgment(opinion)on sb./ sth.pass judgment(opinion)on sb./ sth.對??進行評價(批評)，此處表示“作出判決”。如：① It's very hard to pass judgment on yourself.對自己作出評價是很難的。② The voters will pass judgment on the government tonight.選民們今晚得對政府作出評價。③ It's difficult to pass judgment on the affair when we know so little about what happened.對發生的情況了解這么少，要作出判斷是困難的。④ I can't pass my opinion on your works without examining it thoroughly.不仔細看，我不能對你的作品提出意見。

【注】 也可以說make one's judgment on / about / of sb./ sth．。如：① I shall make my own judgment on the matter when I see the results.看了結果后我將自作評價。② I don't really want to make any judgments on the decisions they made.我真的不想對他們作出的決定作任何評價。

9.If you offered me six times what you have just offered,? 你愿意給我六倍于剛才你提出的那個錢數，?(p.67 Reading 第十行)▲ 動詞offer的用法

(1)offer有“主動提出”“提供”之意，表示提供一種東西或提出一項建議。如：① The young man offered the old woman his won seat.那個年輕人要把自己的座位讓給老大娘。② They offered him a job at the factory, but he refused.他們提出在工廠給他安排工作，但他拒絕了。③ They offered a reward for the return of the jewel that had been lost.他們懸賞尋找失去的珠寶。④ It began to rain, so I offered her my umbrella, but she would not take it.天開始下雨，所以我把雨傘拿給她用，但她不要。(2)offer表示“出價”，與介詞for連用，后接某事物。如：① I offered him thirty thousand dollars for the house.我向他出價三萬美元買這幢房子。② They offered their boat for sale for 2000 dollars.他們把船拿來出售，索價兩千美元。③ They offered him 3000 pounds for the computer.他們愿意出三千鎊來買他這臺計算機。④ They offered two hundred francs for the right to reproduce the painting.他們愿意出二百法郎取得這幅畫的復制權。【注】offer后接價錢，表示主語愿買；后接事物，表示主語愿出售該事物，請比較例句①～

④。

(3)offer既可作動詞也可作名詞用，不論作何種詞，后面均可跟動詞不定式。如：① He offered to lend me some books.他主動提出要借一些書給我。② Thank you for your kind offer to lend me some books.謝謝你好心借給我這些書。③ Thank you for your offer to help us.謝謝你表示愿意幫助我們。④ He offered to drive us to the station, but we preferred to walk there.他說他可以開車送我們去車站，但我們寧愿走著去。

▲ 倍數的表示方法

times作“倍數”解釋時，是可數名詞，用times表示“A是B的幾倍大(或高、長、寬、深等)”“A比B大(或高、長、寬、深等)幾倍”，常見的句型如下：

(1)A is three(four...etc)times the size(height，length，width，depth，etc)of B。如: ① The new bridge is four times the width of the old one.這座新橋是舊橋的四倍寬。② The meeting room is three times the size of the classroom.會議室是教室的三倍大。③ The tower is three times the height of the building.這座塔是那座樓房的三倍高。④ The river is five times the depth of the brook.這條河是那條小溪的五倍深。(2)A is three(four...etc)times as big(high，long，wide，deep，etc)as B。如: ① Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。② This box is three times as heavy as that one.這個箱子是那個箱子的三倍重。③ This new highway is three times as wide as the old one.新公路是舊公路的三倍寬。④ The classroom is four times as big as our dormitory.教室是我們寢室的四倍大。

(3)A is three(four?etc)times bigger(higher，longer，wider，deeper etc)than B.如：① The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.會議室比我們辦公室大三倍(會議室是我們辦公室的四倍大)。② Asia is three times larger than Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。

【注】用times表示倍數，一般只限于表示基數在內三倍或三倍以上的數，表示兩倍不用two times，而用twice或double。如：① My income is now double what it was.我的收入是以前的兩倍。② Now the number of sheep is more than double that of 1990.現在羊的數目是一九九。年的兩倍多。

10.? I would still take my pound of flesh.我還是要拿回我應得的那一磅肉。(p.67 Reading 第十行)flesh:(1)肌肉，肉A fat man has a great deal of flesh.胖子肉多。(2)肉體 The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.心有余而力不足。辨析：flesh與meat的區別(1)flesh和meat都解釋為肉，但涵義有所不同，flesh指人和動物身上的肉，如指食用肉，則來指獸類的肉，不包括魚禽類的肉。如：① Mr Green is losing flesh.格林先生瘦了。② Have you ever tasted the flesh of the snake? 你嘗過蛇肉嗎? ③ You should get up early and do some exercise.Otherwise, you'll put on flesh.你應該早起鍛煉，否則會發胖的。④ The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.長城不僅是用石頭和泥土砌成的，而且是由幾百萬人的血肉所組成的。(2)meat指供食用的肉，是獸類肉的總稱；如pork，mutton，beef可統稱為meat；有時也指植物的肉。如：the meat of an apple。① What kind of meat is it? 這是什么肉? ② I like meat while my brother likes fish.我喜歡吃肉，而我弟弟喜歡吃魚。

【注】 meat是不可數名詞，“一塊肉”是a piece of meat；“一磅肉”是a pound of meat, 我們看到的meats是指多種肉。

11.Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 夏洛克，如果你對別人一點都不仁慈，你自己怎么能希望得到別人對你的仁慈呢？(p.67 Reading 第十三行)▲ hope for

hope for意為“希望”“盼望。如：① Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望，作最壞的準備。② After this dry weather，people all hope for rain.經過了這段干旱，人們普遍希望下雨。③ We hope for better weather soon.我們希望天氣盡快好轉。④ This time they really hoped for better results.這次他們的確希望取得較好的成果。⑤ How I hoped for his speedy recovery!我多么希望他早日康復啊!⑥ That would be too much to hope for.那是期望過高了。

【注】hope后不能跟名詞，但可以跟介詞短語。如“盼望下雪”，不能 說成hope snow，而應該說hope for snow；hope可以跟不定式作賓 語，但不定式不能作賓語補足語。例如我們不能說I hope you to come soon，而應該說I hope that you'll come soon。辨析：hope for；wish for與long for 這三個詞組都可作“希望、愿望”講，但含義略有區別：

① hope for指盼望得到好的或有好結果，這種希望或能實現或實現不了。② wish for常指想擁有很難得到的東西。

③ long for指強烈的愿望或渴望，語氣最強。

How I wish for a pair of wings!我多么希望有一雙翅膀啊!How he longs for a sense of being able to do things!他多么渴望有能力辦成事情啊!拓展：pay for 為??付錢；fight for 為??而戰；for all 盡管；for good 長期地；for nothing 不收費

12.I desire my pound of flesh.我想要我的那一磅肉。(p.67 Reading 倒數第六行)▲ desire的用法

(1)desire意為“期望”“想”“希望”，后接名詞或代詞。如: ① All he desired then was some spare time for study.那時候他想的只是有些空余時間進行學習。② I desire rest after such a long walk.在那么長的散步后，我很想休息一下。③ The stranger said that he desired an interview.那個陌生人說他希望受到接見。④ He couldn't well express his feelings however much he desired it.他沒法恰當地表達出他的感情，不管他多么想這樣做。(2)desire后可跟不定式作賓語。如: ① She had never desired to do anything like that.她從來沒希望做這樣的事。② There are a number of things that I desire to say.有幾件事我想講一下。③ She desires to go south.她希望去南方。④ There's one small point which I should desire to clear up.有一個小問題我想澄清一下。

(3)desire偶爾也可跟不定式作賓語補足語。如:① What do you desire me to do? 你希望我做什么? ② They desired him to go there at once.他們希望他馬上到那里去。

(4)desire也可作“請求”“要求”解釋，后面接賓語從句。在從句中常用虛擬語氣，即should + 動詞原形。如：① He desired that all letters should be burnt after his death.他請求在他死后把全部信件燒掉。② She desired that you should go and see her at once.她請你馬上去見她。③ The doctor desired that we should wait.醫生請求我們等一等。④ The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.老師要求所有的作業在放學前交出。

13.Enter Portia, dressed as the judge.鮑西亞走進法庭，穿著法官制服。(p.67 Reading 倒數第五行)▲ dress的一種用法: 在本課中作“打扮自己”解釋，常用于短語dress up as sb.或 dress up for sth.。如: ① They all dress up as PLA men.他們都打扮成解放軍模樣。② The little boy likes to dress himself as a policeman.這小男孩喜歡扮成警察。③ They tried to dress him up as a “national hero”.他們想把他打扮成一個“民族英雄”。④ She dressed up in Elizabeth costumes for the fancy dress ball.她穿上伊麗莎白時代的服裝去參加化裝舞會。⑤ Mary Was dressed up to play Cinderella.瑪麗化好裝，扮演灰姑娘。

14.Greetings, learned judge!I do not envy you your job.您好，博學的法官，我并不

嫉妒您的工作。(p.67 Reading 倒數第四行)▲ greetings(1)greeting的意思是“問候語?‘招呼(或動作)”，包括Hello / Hi / Good morning(after noon，evening)/ Welcome / How are you等見面時的問 候，也包括在節日致以的問候，如Merry Christmas / Happy New Year /Happy birthday等，在本課中，直接用Greetings是一種非常正式的問候語，用在極為正式的場合說話者帶有一種很恭敬的語氣的情景中。如：① “Greetings, Reverend” he said respect-fully.他恭敬地說：“牧師，您好”。(2)greetings可表示“祝愿”“祝賀”“問候語”，如我們常看到的圣誕卡片上的詞語Season's Greetings致節日的問候、birthday greetings生日賀詞、Christmas Greetings圣誕快樂以及greeting card賀卡等。▲ envy(1)羨慕；嫉妒 My success excited his envy.我的成功引起了他的嫉妒。(2)vt.嫉妒；羨慕 常用予 v.+ n./ pron.或 v.+ n./ pron.+ n./ pron.(雙賓)結構。John envied his friend's success.約翰嫉妒朋友的成功。I envy you your good fortune.我羨慕你的好運。注意：① envy后接兩個賓語時，這兩個賓語都是直接賓語，都可以直接和動詞連用。② envy后不接從句。③ envy作名詞時，其后接介詞at或of。如：The boy’s new toy was the envy of his friends.這個男孩的新玩具是他的朋友妒忌的對象。▲ envy也可以作名詞用，為不可數名詞，后接介詞at，of或toward。① They only say such unkind things about you out of envy.他們是出于忌妒才講了你那么多的壞話。② He felt envy at my success.他羨慕我的成功。③ His envy of his brother soon turned into jealousy.他對哥哥的羨慕很快變成了忌妒。

辨析：envy與jealousy 這兩個詞都有“嫉妒”的意思。jealousy著重對別人占有的東西惱恨不滿。envy著重由于別人獲得了自己本想獲得的東西或成就而產生不快。如：His envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy.他對弟弟的嫉妒很快變成了惱恨。

聯想：admire 欽佩、贊賞；envious adj.羨慕的；嫉妒的；enviously adv.羨慕地；嫉妒地

15.This is a most troublesome case.這是一個非常麻煩的案子。(p.67 Reading 倒數第三行)▲ most(1)most adv.常與兩個音節以上的 adj.或 adv.構成最高級；adj.最高級要加定冠詞the，而adv.最高級前可加可不加the。如：This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.這是我所看到的最有趣的電影。She works(the)most carefully in her office.她是辦公室里工作最仔細的。

(2)adv.最 What people like most about the doctor is his kindness.人們最喜歡這醫生的一點是他很和藹。

(3)(用于強調)非常；得 She was a most beautiful woman.他是個很美麗的女人。

(4)adj.幾乎全部的，大多數的。He has visited most countries in Europe.他訪問過歐洲大多數國家。

(5)n.幾乎全部，大部分 I was in London most of the time.大部分時間我在倫敦。聯想：mostly adv.大部分地；通常地、主要的

拓展：at most至多不超過，for the most part大部分，多半，most of多數的 16.Please be seated.請坐。(p.67 Reading 倒數第一行)▲ seat(1)seat是及物動詞，后必須跟賓語或用被動語態形式。如: ① The young couple seated themselves upon a bench that stood by the lake.這對年輕的夫婦在湖畔的長椅上坐下。② He seated himself near the window and began to read.他坐在窗戶附近開始讀書。③ She was seated at the piano with her back to them.她坐在鋼琴旁，背對著他們。④ Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.女士們，先生們，請坐下。⑤ I seated him in the armchair.我使他坐在安樂椅上。⑥ Seat the telescope on the tripod.把望遠鏡安裝在三腳架上。(2)seat可解釋為“能坐??人”。如: ① That big cinema can seat 2000 people.那家大型電影院能坐兩千人。② There are seven waiting room there, seating 17000 people in all.那里有七個候車室，總共可坐一萬七千人。

【注】seat與sit的區別在于前者是及物動詞，后者是不及物動詞，我們可以說sit down，但不可以說seat down，而應該說He is seated。

17.Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? 你還要求得到那一磅肉嗎？(p.68 Reading 第八行)▲ ask for, ask about及ask after(1)ask for在本課中意為“要求(得到)”。如: ① After Oliver finished his bowl of porridge, he asked for more.奧立弗吃完一碗粥以后要求再添一些。② Everything that was asked for has now been sent.所要的東西現在全送去了。③ The workers asked for an increase in their pay.工人們要求提高工資。④ She walked up to the counter mad asked for a pound of sugar.她走到柜臺前，要買一磅白糖。⑤ Mr Smith, a lady is asking for you at the door.史密斯先生，門口有位太太要找您。⑥ He is not the man you are asking for.他不是你要找的那個人。⑦ Has anyone asked for me during my absence? 我不在的時候有人找過我嗎? ⑧ Just now someone asked for you on the phone.剛才有人打電話找你。【注】 ask sb．for sth．意為“向某人要某物”“請求給予”。如: ① Ask Xiao Lin for anything you want.你要什么東西，可以找小林。② They asked the waiter for their bill.他們向服務員要帳單。

(2)ask about意為“詢問” “打聽”。如: ① The commander asked about the wounded soldier's condition.指揮員詢問了那個傷兵的情況。② He rang up the station office to ask about the trains.他給車站辦公室打了個電話詢問關于火車的事。

(3)ask after意思是“問候”。如: ① When I met Mrs Smith this morning, she asked after you and the children.今天早晨我碰見史密斯太太時，她問候你和孩子們。② They were all very concerned, and your health was asked after.他們都很關心，并問候你的身體情況。③ “My mother asked after you.” “Oh, how kind of her.” “我母親問候你。”“多謝她的好意。”

18.? and let me tear up this paper.讓我把這張借條撕了。(p.68 Reading 第十九行)▲ tear up撕毀，撕碎 ① He tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the waste-paper basket.他氣憤地把信撕掉，扔進廢紙簍里。② He tore up sheet after sheet of music before producing the happy tune he wanted.他撕掉一篇又一篇的樂譜，最后才寫出他想要的滿意的調子。③ John tore up his test paper so that his mother won't see his low grades.約翰撕碎試卷，以便媽媽看不到他糟糕的成績。④ Yuan Shikai openly tore up the constitution.袁世凱公開撕毀了憲法。

▲ tear up有“(完全地)拔起、提起”“撕開”之意。如： ① The wind tore up several trees.風把幾棵樹連根拔起。② Dozens of miles of railway track have been torn up.幾十里的火車道被拔起。

▲tear up可作“撕毀(取消)協議、契約”解釋。如: ① A contract cannot be tom up at will.合約不能任意取消。② He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and to prepare a new one.他告訴律師撤消舊合同，制訂一份新的。

▲ tear up也可引申為“飛快地跑上??”之意。如: The sportsman tore up the stairs two steps at a time.那運動員兩級一跨地飛奔上樓。

19.I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you.我宣布法庭可以允許這樣做，法律把他判給你。(p.68 Reading 倒數第一行)▲ declare一詞的用法

(1)declare意為“宣布”“宣告”“聲明”，后接名詞或從句。如: ① Britain declared

war on / against Germany on 3rd, September 1939.一九三九年九月三日英國對德國宣戰。② The colonies declared their independence from England.這些殖民地宣告脫離英國而獨立。③ He declared to us that he bad done the work himself.他一本正經地向我們說他獨自完成了工作。④ Charles declared the result of the election.查爾斯宣布了選舉結果。⑤ Miss Alice declared that she had nothing to do with it.艾麗斯小姐聲稱她和這事無關。⑥ She declared that she didn't want to see him any more.她聲稱她再也不想見到他了。

(2)declare后面可接復合結構，該復合結構可由形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞充當。如: ① The teacher declared Tom chosen.老師宣布湯姆被選上了。② The chairman declared the meeting open.主席宣布開會。③ The boys declared themselves against cheating.男孩子們宣稱他們自己也反對欺騙行為。④ They declared his story to be true.他們聲明他的說法是真實的。

辨析：announce 與 declare ① announce 宣布(含有“預告”的意思)It was announced that there would be a celebration on Sunday.據宣布，星期日要舉行慶祝(會)。

② 用announce說個人要做什么事時，常含有“鄭重其事”的意思。The boy announced that he was going to try out his toy plane that afternoon.那男孩向大家宣布，他下午要試飛他的玩具飛機。

③ declare宣布(如：公開宣布戰爭、和平、中立、意見等)This power country declared war on that small country.這個大國向那個小國宣戰。聯想：declarer n.宣告者；declared adj.公然宣稱的(同)announce announcement n.(可數)通告，布告 拓展：declare oneself 表明自己的立場；declare peace 宣布和平；declare war on(against)對??宣戰

Section III 詞匯語法、綜合技能 20.Antonio lost all his ship at sea ? Antonio在茫茫大海上丟了所有的船(p.69 Language Study Ex.2)▲ at sea及其他

(1)at sea表示“在茫茫大海上”，意指“離海岸很遠”。如: ① Now his ships were all at sea.現在他的船都出海了。② The ship hit an iceberg and buried at sea.這船撞上了冰山，葬身海底。③ Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane.由于颶風，好幾艘船在海上失蹤。(2)at sea前面加上all或completely時，引申為“茫然不知所措”之意。如: ① I'm all at sea.I can't understand that problem.我簡直是一片茫然，我無法理解這個問題。② He was all at sea when he began his new job.他開始新工作時，茫然不知所措。③ Would you please explain it again? I'm all at sea.你能否再解釋一下?我一點兒也不懂。④ The girl was completely at sea when her mother scolded her.當母親責怪她時，女孩茫然不知所措。▲ 請注意by sea與by the sea的區別，前者表示“經海路”，后者表示 “在海邊”。如: ① “How did you go there? By train?” “No, we went there by sea.” “你們怎么到那里去的?乘火車?”“不，我們乘船去的那里。” ② The Turners lived by the sea.特納一家住在海邊。

▲注意go to the sea與go to sea的區別，前者意為“去海濱”(度假或野餐)，后者表示“去當水手”。如: ① Last Sunday, the students in Class Two went to the sea.上星期天，二班的學生去海邊玩。② “I want to go to sea when I grow up.” said the boy to his mother.這小男孩對母親說：“我長大了要去當水手。”

21.Shylock advances towards Antonio and prepares to use his knife.夏洛克朝安東尼

奧走去，準備割肉。(p.71 Integrating Skills 第一行)▲ 動詞advance及其用法(1)advance在本課中意為“前進?‘發展?‘往前走”，相當于step forward。如: ① They advanced to meet the guests.他們走上前迎接客人。② About 80 percent of the graduates advanced to senior middle school.約有百分之八十的畢業生升入高中。③ We were ordered to advance on the enemy position under cover of darkness.我們得到命令，在黑夜的掩護下向敵人陣地進攻。④ The troops advanced rapidly to the village.部隊迅速前進到那個村莊。

(2)advance可作及物動詞用，意為“提出”。如: ① He was among the first to advance the idea that the earth was round.他是最早提出地球是圓的這一觀點的人中的一個。② The proposal he advanced at the meeting was not accepted.他在會上提出的建議沒有被接受。③ He had no chance to advance his opinion.他沒有機會提出自己的意見。

(3)advance還有“增進?‘促進”“提前”“提升”之意。如: ① This will further advance the friendly relations between the two countries.這將進一步增進兩國之間的友好關系。② The time of the meeting was advanced by an hour.會議時間提前了一個小時。③ He was soon advanced to the position of Secretary of State.不久他就被提升為國務卿了。④ Such books are likely to advance your knowledge of European history.這一類書可能會增進你對有關歐洲歷史知識的了解。(4)advance也可作名詞用，意思和動詞差不多。如: ① The enemy couldn't make any advance, nor could they go back.敵人進不得，也退不得。② Great advances have been made in medical science.醫療科學取得巨大的進展。

【注】in advance意思是“預先”“在前面”，而in advance of意思是“在?前”“超過?”。如: ① The subject of the discussion is announced a week in advance.討論的題目提前一周公布。② I had asked everyone to raise questions in advance of the meeting.我要求大家在會議前提出問題。③ He arrived half an hour in advance.他提前半小時到達。

【注】in advance of也可引申為“比?先進”。如： Our equipments are far in advance of theirs.我們的設備遠比他們的先進。

22.If you let one drop of his blood fall, you will lose?要是你讓他身上的血流下一滴，有就會失去?(p.71 Integrating Skills 第三行)▲ drop(1)n.滴, 點滴 There were a few drops of rain．下了幾滴雨。(2)v.使滴下 The wet leaves dropped water.濕葉在滴水珠。

(3)v.使落下 Please drop it into the mail-box.請把它投到郵箱里。辨析：drop 與 fall drop 可作及物動詞，而fall不能。表示無意或故意“掉下來”某一物體，或故意“跌倒”時，用drop，不用fall。drop 和 fall 都可作不及物動詞，表示“掉下” “落下”。The Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground.2班的運動員不小心把接力棒掉在了地上。The glass dropped(或fell)out of her hand.杯子從她手里掉了下來。He dropped(或fell)to the ground.他摔倒在地上。

聯想：dropcurtain 吊幕；droplight 吊燈；dropshot 扣球；dropsy 水腫 拓展：drop asleep 入睡；drop back 退后；drop across 偶然遇到；drop in 順便走訪；drop into 不知不覺地進人某種狀態；have a drop in one's eye 有點醉意

23.You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted.你要求公正，那么就讓你得到公正，比你要求的還要多。(p.71 Integrating Skills 第六行)▲ shall作為情態動詞的用法

作為情態動詞shall可用于任何人稱，在陳述句中表示允諾、威脅、命令、決心、規定、要求等。如:(1)表示允諾。如: ① Tell her that she shall get the book tomorrow.告訴她明天就可以拿到那本書了。② I promise you shall see them again before long.我保證你不久就

會見到他們。③ Don't worry, you shall get the answer this very afternoon.別著急，今天下午你就可以得到答復了。④ You shall have higher pay if you work well.如果你工作得好，你就可以得到較高的工資。⑤ You shall hear everything directly you come.你一來，就什么都會聽到。

(2)表示威脅、命令。如: ① You shall suffer for this!你會為這件事吃苦頭的!② As a mall sows, so he shall reap.善有善報，惡有惡報。③ They shall suffer for this;they shall answer for what they have done.他們將沒有好下場，他們要為他們的所作所為付出代價。④ “If you won't do as I tell you, you shan't get your birthday gift.” said father to Tom.父親對湯姆說：“如果你不聽話，你就得不到生日禮物。” ⑤ “You shall do everything as I do, so look carefully.” said the teacher to the students.老師對學生說：“你們必須照我做的去做，看仔細了。”

(3)表示決心。如: ① Everything shall be done to save the ship.必須盡一切力量來營救這艘船。② I shall never do such a thing, never!這種事我是絕對不干的，絕對不干!③ You shall not catch me so easily next time.下次你決不會那么容易趕上我。④ The enemy shall be wiped out.敵人一定會被消滅。

(4)用在條約、規則、法令等事件中。如: ① The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st.新章程六月一日起施行。② The National Party Congress shall be held every five years.黨的全國代表大會每五年舉行一次。(5)用在某些從句中，表示意圖，要求，相當于should。如: ① We are anxious that he shall be given a chance to try it out.我們熱切希望能給他機會試一試。② My demand is that you shall get it ready before five.我要求你在五時前把它準備好。③ I wish that you shall stay at home tonight.我希望今晚你會留在家里。④ I'm anxious that it shall be done in time.我急于要把這件事及時做好。⑤ My mother is determined that I shall stay on.媽媽決定讓我待下去。

24.The law of Venice says that if anyone tries to kill or murder any citizen of Venice, ? 威尼斯法律規定，任何殺害或謀殺威尼斯公民的人，?(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第14行)▲ murder(1)vt.謀殺He murdered his rival in cold blood.他殘忍地殺害了他的對手。(2)n.謀殺罪He was accused of committing murder.他被指控犯了謀殺罪。辨析：murder，kill與shoot ① murder 指謀殺 ② kill 籠統地表示“殺”的事實 ③ shoot 表示用槍或箭射殺 One day, a man was murdered in a small town.一天，一個人在一小城被謀殺。The polluted air killed the crops.被污染了的空氣使莊稼死亡。He was killed in an accident.他在一次事故中死去。The prisoner of war shot himself.那個戰犯自殺了。

聯想：(派)murderer 兇手；murderess 女兇手

拓展：political murder 政治謀殺；a mass murder 大屠殺；get away with murder 逍遙法外；The murder is out 真相大白

25.His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke.他的生命全憑公爵來處理。(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第11行)▲ at the mercy of 這一短語的意思是“任由??擺布”“在??的掌握(支配)中”，相當于in the power of。如: ① The ship hit a rock and sank down, the crew were at the mercy of the winds and waves.船撞上礁石下沉了，船員在風浪中隨波飄流。② People at Altorf would not like to be at the mercy of Gesler, the cruel governor.阿爾托夫的人們不愿意忍受總督蓋斯勒的擺布。③ The dog's life was at the mercy of its master.狗的生命掌握在它主人手中。④ The mouse caught just now was at the mercy of the cat, his

cruel enemy.剛才被抓住的那只老鼠現在由它的殘忍的敵人貓任意擺布。

26.Therefore, go down on your knees and beg the Duke for mercy.因此，快去跪下請求公爵寬恕你吧。(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第11行)▲ go down on one's knees 跪下、屈膝

此短語中的go也可以用get替代．即get down on one's knees。如: ① Never go down on one's knees before enemy.在敵人面前決不能屈膝。② He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.他跪地求饒。③ Father went down on his hands and knees and let his son ride on his back.父親趴在地上讓兒子騎在他背上。④ The young man went down on his hands and then stood on his bead against the wall.這年輕人雙手著地，然后靠墻倒立。

【注】 go down on one's knees與get down on one's knees意思相同，但go down和get down意思不同。這一點請同學們務必注意go down作“下落”“減弱”解釋，而get down作“放下”“打下”解釋。如: ① On the third day, his fever went down.到了第三天，他的燒退了。② The prices of computers are expected to go further down.計算機的價格可望進一步下跌。③ The moon has gone down and it is dark around.月亮已經西沉了，四下里黑漆漆的。④ At night the north wind went down and the river froze again.晚上北風減弱，河里又結了冰。⑤ I couldn't get down what he said.我沒能把他說的話都記錄下來。⑥ They got down two enemy aircrafts last night.昨晚他們打下了兩架敵機。⑦ The medicine was so bitter that I couldn't get it down.這藥太苦，我吃不下去。⑧ Will you give me a hand to get this trunk down? 你幫我把這皮箱拿下來好嗎? 27.My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself.我的錢財對我就像生命一樣寶貴。(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第5行)▲ dear的幾種用法(1)adj.親愛的，可愛的 What a dear little child!多么可愛的小孩。

(2)dear此處作“珍貴的”解釋。如: ① He lost everything that Was dear to him.他喪失了他所珍視的一切。② Fame and power are very dear to him.名譽和權力對他來說是非常珍貴的。③ To him very dear is the power by which he can control people and get money.對他來說，權力是非常珍貴的，通過它可以支配人并得到錢財。

（3）dear可以作“(價格)昂貴的”“索價高的”解釋。如: ① It is too dear.這價錢太貴了。② It you want to make money, you must buy cheap and sell dear.如果你想賺錢，你必須便宜的買進昂貴的賣出。

【注】dear與expensive的異同點。dear與expensive都有“價格昂貴” 之意，都不能與price連用。例如我們不能說“The price of the motorcycle is too dear / expensive, 而只能說The motorcycle is too dear / expensive或The price of the motorcycle is too high.因為修飾price的只能是high或low。以上講的是dear與expensive這兩個詞相同的地方。但這兩個詞也有不同的一面。dear所表示 的價格貴，是超乎常情的貴，講得通俗一點，是指某個商品價格很貴，但實際不值那么多錢，而expensive所表示的貴，有“物美價高非購買者財力所及”之意，舉例來說，如果一輛價值十萬元的車賣十萬元，就不能說dear，而只能說expensive；但如果一斤桔子通常賣一元，如賣一元五角，就應該說dear。

▲ dear還可用作感嘆詞，相當于漢語的“天啊”“哎呀”，表示傷心、焦急、驚奇、遺憾、同情等。如: ① Oh, dear!What shall I do? 噢!天啊!我該怎么辦呢? ② ”Dear me“, said the old minister to himself, ”Am I foolish or unfit for my office?“ “天哪”，老大臣心里想，難道我也愚蠢或不稱職了? ③ ”Oh，dear!How call you draw on the wall?" “噢，天啊!你怎么能在墻上亂畫?”

28.They are my only comfort.他們是我唯一的安慰。(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第5行)▲ comfort(1)n.安慰、慰籍The nurse spoke a few words of comfort to the sick boy.護士對

小病人說了幾句安慰的話。

(2)n.舒適，安逸The news brought comfort to all of us.這個消息使我們所有人都感到安慰。

(3)v.安慰 He always comforts me when I'm in trouble.每當我處于困境時，他總是來安慰我。

聯想：comfortable adj.舒適的(反義詞)uncomfortable 不舒適的；comfort [U] 舒適(反義詞)discomfort 不舒適

拓展：give comfort to 安慰；live in comfort 生活舒適；offer sb.comfort 給人以安慰

第三篇：高二英語Unit18 Inventions知識點總復習教案

高二英語Unit18 Inventions知識點總復習教案

Section I 課前準備、聽力、口語

1.Never throw away or wash chopsticks again.千萬不要扔掉再洗這些筷子。(p.57 A)▲ throw(threw，thrown)(1)投，拋，扔 He threw the ball 20 metres.他把球投出20米。

(2)摔倒?? The policeman threw the thief to the ground.警察把小偷摔倒在地面上。(3)發射，射 China has throw a satellite into space recent-ly.中國最近向太空發射了一枚衛星。

辨析：throw...to sb.與throw...at sb.throw sth.to sb.指“把某物扔向某人”，其目的在于“傳遞”(for sb.to catch)介詞to純粹表示行為的方向，其動機是善意的；throw sth.at sb.指“把某物打向某人”，其目的在于“打”(= try to hit sb.)。介詞at表示動作在于企圖攻擊的目標，其動機是惡意的。如：He threw the ball at me.(= try to hit me)他扔球打我。He threw the ball to me.(= for me to catch)他把球傳給了我(= He threw me the ball.)辨析：throw與cast throw是普通用詞，使用頻率高，它指用力拋擲這一行為。cast比throw正式，指迅速扔出一重量較輕的物體。經常用作比喻或無意識行為，在某些成語及特殊用語中須用cast，如cast a net “撒網”；cast a vote“投票”；cast anchor“拋錨”等等。如：Will you move, please? You're casting(throwing)a shadow on my book.你走開點好嗎?你的影子正好投射在我的書上。He quickly threw the ball into the basket.他迅速地將球投入籃里。The dice is cast.事已定局。

拓展：throw oneself into 積極從事;throw away 扔掉;throw about 亂丟；亂扔(東西);throw back 扔回;throw?at? 朝??扔，向??砸去;throw off 匆匆脫掉

throw...to...把??傳給??；把??摔倒;throw out 扔出；逐出;throw aside 扔在一旁;throw up 嘔吐

2.Save trees and have a snack at the same time 挽救了樹木并且同時成為小吃。(p.57 A)▲ save(1)vt.救、挽救 The brave soldier saved a child from a burning house.那勇敢的戰士從著火的房子里救出了一個孩子。Only socialism can save China.只有社會主義才能救中國。

辨析：save與rescue: save與rescue兩者都有“營救”之意；但save側重于“保全”之意，而rescue則側重于“從囚禁中救出”之意。如：In order to save the country, many gentlemen laid down their lives.許多志士仁人為國捐軀了。They rescued him from prison.他們營救他出獄。

(2)節省；儲蓄 Don't spend all your money, save some of it for future use.別把錢全部花光，儲蓄一點兒以備將來之用。

3.You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again.你再也不必擔心自行車會被偷走了。(p.57 D)▲ worry(1)vi.“發愁，著急，焦慮” Mother always worried when the girls stayed out late.女孩們要是很晚還不回家，母親總是很擔心。

(2)vt.“使麻煩；使發愁；使著急” Don't worry her, She is busy.別去麻煩她，她很忙。There's only one point that worries me.只有一點使我發愁。(3)n.“煩惱”不可數；“使人發愁的事(人)；煩心的事”(可數)，且常用復數。This worry is enough to drive one mad.這煩惱足以令人發狂。He has many worries.他有很多的煩惱的事情。

辨析: worry與trouble: trouble的含義寬廣，事無巨細都可用它，且含有一定的驚慌意味；worry"擔心”“發愁”，它指沒有根據的，經常是不必要的憂慮不安的心情。如：

Uneasiness troubled her heart.她感到心神不定。I'm troubled by the doctor's report.醫生的診斷結果令我焦急。Don't worry，tomorrow will be better.別擔心，明天會更好。We're all worried about you.我們都在為你擔心。

拓展：worry sb.使某人煩惱(著急)；worry about sb.為某人而擔心；worry through 艱苦進行

4.This new invention will make it possible for people to...這項新發明將使人們做?成為可能。(p.58 Useful expressions)▲ makes it possible...(1)此處it為形式賓語，本身為先行代詞，它既可作形式賓語，又可用作形式主語，代替句中的真正主語或賓語，即從句、動名詞、不定式等。I think it a pity that he can't swim.我認為他不能游泳是件令人遺憾的事。It is important for us to master English.掌握英語對我們來說是重要的。It is no use telling him that.告訴他那件事是沒有用的。

(2)it作形式賓語時，其前的動詞有：think, find, consider, believe, suppose, feel, make等，而if后常跟形容詞或名詞。He feels it his duty to help others.他覺得幫助別人是他的職責。We make it clear to the world that we'll never behave like a superpower.我們向全世界表明我們永遠不做超級大國。I consider it a great honour to be present at the meeting.我覺得能出席這個會議很榮幸。He found it necessary to study the situation in Russia.他發現研究俄羅斯的形勢是必要的。I believe it helpful to use such a dictionary.我相信使用這樣的一本詞典是有幫助的。I suppose it possible to finish such a join in three days.我想三天之內完成這樣一件工作是有可能的。

5.Decide which of the inventions you think is the most useful and...決定你認為哪一種發明是最有用的。(p.58.Patent Officer)▲ decide 決定, 決心；使下決心, 使決斷；對...起了決定作用；解決, 裁決, 判決

(1)跟名詞或代詞 I’ve got to decide our whole future.我得決定我們的整個未來。We must decide that ourselves.這得由我們自己決定。

(2)跟不定式(不可跟動名詞)They decided to move to Wuchang immediately.他們決定馬上搬到武昌去。He decided to do his homework.他決定做他的家庭作業。

(3)跟疑問詞 + 不定式 We must decide what to do with them.我們必須決定拿他們怎么辦。She hasn’t decided when to start.何時動身她還沒有決定。She hasn't decided when to start.何時動身她還沒有決定。

(4)跟從句 Let's first decide where we should go.我們先決定到什么地方去。Only you can decide what's best for you.只有你才能決定什么對你最合適。

辨析：decide;determine;resolve;make up one's mind 都有“決定”的意思。decide 指“經過詢問、研討和考慮之后, 在幾種可能的選擇之中作出決定”, 如: She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。determine指“決心作某一件事而不動搖”, 如: We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule.我們已經決定要提前完成這項工作。resolve指“打定主意做某事或不做某事”, 如: I resolve to study English.我決定學英語。make up one's mind 指“打定主意”“下了決心”；其主語必須是人，不可是物，而且不可用于被動語態。如: He made up his mind not to stay there any longer.他決定不再在那里呆下去了。

拓展：decide for doing sth.決定做某事;decide in favour of sth.作出有利??的決定或判決;decide on(upon)決定，選擇(多指從兩個或多個可能性中選擇);decide between從兩者中選擇、決定。

聯想：decided adj.明確的，堅決的；deciding adj.起決定作用的；decision n.決定，決心(同義詞)determine；make up one's mind

Section II 閱讀

6.How do they come up with ideas for new inventions? 他們怎么提出新發明的想法的?(p.59.Pre-Reading 3)/(p.59 Reading 第一段第二行)比較：解釋3 ▲ come up with意為“提出”“想出”。如：① The teacher asked a difficult question，but finally Tom came up with a good answer.老師提出了一個難題，但湯姆最后想出了一個好答案。② The magazine recently came up with some advice on smoking.那本雜志最近就吸煙問題提出了一些忠告。③ I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你能想出一個比這個更好些的計劃來。④ Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world's food supply.科學家們必須找出增加全世界食品供應的新方法。⑤ You have no choice but to come up with the ￡18000.你別無選擇，必須拿出那一萬八千英鎊來。

【注】come up 也有“被提出來”之意，但主語一般是表示問題、建議、計劃等的名詞。如：① The program came up for final decision.這一計劃被提出來以便作最后決定。② These problems will come up for discussion at the meeting.這些問題會在會議中提出來討論。③ We solved problems as soon as they came up.問題一出現我們就解決。

【注】 come up with還有“趕上”之意。如：① Let's hurry up so that we may come up with them.咱們快些走，好趕上他們。② We shall have to work hard to come up with the other team.我們得努力干才能趕上另一隊的進度。③ I came up with her as she was rounding the corner.她在拐彎時，我追上了她。

【注】come up with可引申為“拿出”“提供(一筆錢)”之意。如：① The rich man came up with a large sun of money to those poor students who can't afford their tuition.那個有錢人拿出一大筆錢來給那些因貧困而交不起學費的學生。

7.Throughout history, great thinkers have used their creativity and imagination to change the world.縱觀歷史，為大的思想家們用他們的創造力和想象力改變了世界(p.59 Reading 第一段 第一行)▲ throughout(1)prep.遍及We have friends throughout the world.我們的朋友遍天下。Schools were opened throughout the country.全國中小學都開學了。

(2)prep.在整個(一段時期)Throughout the summer and autumn he continued to go to the office work.整個夏秋季節他都連續在辦公室上班。

(3)adv.整個地，全部地The timber was rotten throughout.這塊木料已經整個兒地腐爛了。

(4)adv.一直地，從頭到尾Prices remain stable throughout.物價始終保持穩定。The house is painted throughout.這所房子全部油漆一新。

8.How do they come up with ideas for new inventions? 他們那些新發明的思想是怎么來的呢?(p.59 Reading 第一段第二行)▲ come up with(1)趕上 We shall have to work hard to come up with them.我們要努力工作，趕上他們。

(2)提出，提供 I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你們能提出比這個更好的計劃。

拓展：come up 走近，長出;come up against 遭到??;come up to 達到，符合;come out with 發表，出版

9.Thinkers who have changed the world do not seem to have much in common.改變了世界的思想家們似乎并沒有很多共同之處。(p.59.第一段 第三行)▲ in common意為“共用”“共有”“共同”，后接介詞with時，意為“和?一樣”。如： ① The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the town.這個游泳池供鎮上的孩子共同使用。② They have nothing in common with one another.他們相互之間

沒有共同點。③ In common with many people, he prefers classic music to pop.和很多人一樣，他喜歡古典音樂，不喜歡流行音樂。④He believed，in common with the majority, that it was tree.他與大多數人一樣，認為這是真的。⑤ In common with most Italian lakes, access to the shores of Orta is restr-icted.和大多數的意大利湖一樣，進入奧塔湖濱受到限制。⑥ To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.令我驚訝的是，我發現我與那陌生人有很多相似之處。⑦ He had little in common with his little sister.他與他的小妹妹沒有多少共同之處。⑧ Their methods have a lot in common.他們的方法有很多相似之處。

【注】 注意out of the common意思是“異乎尋常的” “不平常的”。如：It is something out of the common.這是異乎尋常的東西。

10.It seems that creative thinking,?, is a matter of habits.人們似乎覺得創造性是關于習慣的問題。(p.59 Reading 第一段倒數第二行)比較：U.17 p.51 The best way to help is often simply a matter of opening doors and offering guidance.幫助殘疾人的最好辦法就是開門提供引導的問題。▲ a matter of(關于)??的問題(1)a matter of??的問題，matter意為“事情”“問題”。This is a matter of principle.這是一個原則性問題。It's not a matter of laughing.這可不是開玩笑的事情。

(2)the matter 麻煩事What's the matter with you? Why are you crying? 發生了什么事，干嗎哭呢? 拓展：a matter of opinion 看法不同的問題；a matter of life and death 生死攸關的事情；as a matter of fact 事實上，其實；no matter what(how，when，where，who?)；無論什么(怎樣，何時，哪里，誰??)；for that matter(for the matter of that)就此而言；What's the matter with...? ??怎么了? / ??出了什么毛病?；in the matter of...就??而論； It doesn't matter.沒關系

11.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful,? 假如我們想要成功，知識和學習都是很重要的?(p.59 Reading 第二段第一行)▲ knowledge(1)n.知識，認識Knowledge is power，知識就是力量。

(2)n.知道，了解He has no knowledge of life in the small village.他對那個小村子的生活不了解。She has a good knowledge of London.她對倫敦十分熟悉。I have no knowledge of his arrival.我不知道他來了。辨析：knowledge與learning knowledge泛指一個人通過觀察、調查、學習研究而獲得的事實或真知灼見，它不僅包含通過正規教育獲得的知識，而且包括日常生活中的閱歷。

learning常指“通過長期的、細致的學習而獲得系統的知識，這種知識往往不是膚淺的，而廣博的、深奧的”。該詞也可指全部學識和智慧的總和，或者科學知識，但更多用于語言、文學、歷史、法律等人文學科。This dusty knowledge needs brushing up after the passage of years.多年以后，這種原先學過的知識需溫習一下。They have no direct knowledge of conditions in the East.他們對東方的情況缺乏直接了解。He is a man of learning.他是個學問淵博的人。

12.? what we have learnt may also limit our thinking.我們已經學到手的東西也可能限制我們的思維。(p.59 Reading 第二段第二行)▲ limit(1)vt.限制We must limit our spending.我們必須限制開銷。She limited her conversation to ten minutes.她將說 話時間限制為10分鐘。

(2)n.限制、限度、極限 She has reached the limit of her patience.她的耐性已經達到了極限。There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people.人的生命是有限的，但為人民服務是無限的。

拓展：to the limit 到頂點；limited company 有限公司；a limited number of...有限的

幾個；be limited in...在??方面受限；within limits 在一定范圍內；without limit 無限地

聯想：limit vt.限制limited adj.有限的；limitation n.限制，局限性； limitless 無限制的

13.Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and? 發明家常常會換一種說法來表述一個問題?(p.59 Reading 第二段第三行)*▲ allow for 顧及，考慮到，體諒：We must allow for his youth.我們必須體諒他年輕。He allowed for her great age and was very patient.他考慮到她年紀大因而很耐心。拓展：allow of 允許??；allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事：Such conduct allows of no excuse.這種行為不得寬怒。They allowed me to enter.他們準許我進入。辨析: allow與allow for ▲ allow意為“允許”“準許”。如：① Smoking is not allowed in public places.公共場所不允許抽煙。② The government servants aren't allowed to accept rewards.公務員不得接受酬謝。③ The children ale too young to be allowed out at night.孩子們太小，夜間不能讓他們出去。

▲ allow for意思是“估計到”“把??考慮在內”。如：① When he made the plan, he failed to allow for the unexpected.他作計劃時沒有把意外情況考慮進去。② He missed the target because the wind hadn't been allowed for.因為沒有考慮到風的影響，他沒有擊中目標。③ You can't make it in an hour, you must allow for traffic delays.你一個小時到不了，你必須考慮到在路上會遇到耽擱。④ We must allow for his lack of experience.我們必須考慮到他缺乏經驗這一點。⑤ Allowing for exceptions, the rule may stand.在允許有例外的情況下，這條規則還是可以成立的。)14.If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck.如果我們只找正確答案，拒絕那些不能給我們完整答案的想法，那么我們就可能被框住。(p.59 Reading 第二段第四行)▲ reject(1)vt.拒絕；抵制；指不肯承認，采用、相信或服從，不肯接受。They had rejected our request contemptuously.他們輕蔑地拒絕了我們的請求。Several publishers rejected the manuscript.幾家出版商都拒絕了這份手稿。(2)vt.拋棄；丟掉；剔除 Under the guidance of the Party he has rejected the idealist view of history in favour of the materialist.在黨的教導下，他已經拋棄唯心主義歷史觀，接受了唯物主義歷史觀。

辨析：refuse與reject：兩者都有“拒絕”之意。

refuse不僅可用來拒絕別人的請求和要求，而且還可用于拒絕別人的邀請或幫助；其后能跟不定式；

reject不能用于拒絕別人的邀請或幫助，其后不能跟不定式。He refused the invitation from John.他拒絕了約翰的邀請。He refused to believe what I said.他拒絕相信我說的話。

▲ provide(1)vt.提供；裝備The government provided them with money and clothes.政府向他們提供金錢和衣服。The country provides free medical service to college students.國家為大學生提供了公費醫療。You must provide yourselves.你們必須自備必需品。

(2)vi.provide for 提供生計；作準備 provide against預防 Who provides for her? 誰為她提供生活費? He provided for the entertainment of his guests.他為招待客人作好了準備。They had to provide against a shortage of water.他們不得不作好缺水的準備。They provided against the attack.他們做好準備以防受攻擊。

辨析：afford，provide與supply: 三個詞都有“提供”“供給”之意。但在用法上有區別：

afford 作“向某人提供某物”解時，它的句型是afford sb.sth.(sth.常為抽象名詞)Travel affords us pleasure.旅游會給我們帶來快樂。He afforded me an opportunity.他給我提供了一次機會。

provide與supply用法相似，可以換用，某句型為：provide(supply)sb.with sth.;provide(supply)sth.to(for)sb.;The sun provides(supplies)light and heat for us.= The sun provides(supplies)us with light and heat.太陽為我們提供光和熱。▲ stuck get stuck意思是“被困住”“被卡住”“處于困境”，此處get是連系動詞，也可以用be等其他的連系動詞。如：① The bus was stuck in the mud.公共汽車陷在泥里了。② The shuttle often got stuck, causing a lot of broken ends.梭子常常卡住，造成大量斷頭。③ What shall we do? We seem to be stuck.怎么辦?我們似乎干不下去了。④ Have you got stuck over your maths problems? 你的數學題做不下去了嗎? ⑤ I'm stuck now, there is no more material for the work.我無法進行下去了，這工作缺少資料。⑥ I Was stuck there for a week by the bad weather.由于天氣不好，我在那里待了一個星期。

15.Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possi-bilities.創造性思維是一種有意識的努力，即為了探索新的可能性而擺脫舊的思維模式。(p.59第二段倒數第一行)

▲ effort作“努力”解釋時，后常跟不定式，如本句即是，請看下列例句。① His effort to reform her at last succeeded.他要改造她的努力終于成功了。② Despite all my efforts to improve his life-style, he's still smoking twenty cigarettes a day.盡管我盡力改變他的生活方式，但他還是一天吸二十支香煙。③ He's jogging round the park every morning in an effort to get fit for the football season.他為了鍛煉身體迎接足球賽季的到來，每天早晨都繞著公園慢跑。

【注】effort可作“艱難的事”解釋，為可數名詞。如：It's such an effort to get up on these dark winter mornings.冬季早晨到處黑沉沉的，起床真艱難呀!▲ break away from 意為“脫離”“擺脫”“斷絕來往”。如：① Fortunately he broke away from that lawless group years ago.幸好幾年前他就脫離了那個不法集團。② The criminal tried to break away from the policeman.罪犯試圖從警察手里逃跑。③ Smith has broken away from the Labour Party.史密斯已脫離工黨。

【注】break away from亦可作“改掉”“破除”解。如：① You should break away from such bad habits.你應該改掉這些壞習慣。② Modem music has broken away from the 18th century rules.現代音樂不再遵守十八世紀的條條框框。③ Modern art has broken away from old traditions.現代美術已擺脫了舊的傳統。④ The child broke away from all disciplines.這孩子一點也不守規矩。

16.Good solutions and new ideas are often the result of change in perception.好的解決方法和新的思路常常是改變一種觀念的結果。(p.59第三段 第一行)▲ solution意為“解決(辦法)”“解答(釋)”，通常后接介詞to。如：① There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulations.對于人口過多的問題，沒有簡單的解決辦法。② We are looking for a solution to our financial difficulties.我們正在尋找解決財政困難的方法。

17.By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would other-wise remain invisible.通過盡可能多的角度來看待一個問題，富有創造力的思考者可以發現其他情況下可能覺察不了的答案。(p.59第三段 第二行)

▲讓我們先分析一下句子的結構，本句的主語是creative thinkers。謂語動詞是can find，賓語solutions后帶了一個定語從句。句首的 by短語是方式狀語。

▲ otherwise在本句中是副詞，意為“要不然”“否則”“在另外的情況下”。如：① He was

tired but otherwise in good health.他很疲憊，但除此之外，健康狀況良好。②The rent is high，but otherwise the house is satisfactory.租金昂貴，但在其他方面這房子還令人滿意。③ He has a squint，but is otherwise a handsome fellow.他有點斜視，但除此之外，倒是個英俊的小伙子。

【注】 otherwise也可作“不同地?用別的方法”解。如： ④ She says it's true，but we think otherwise.她說這是真的，但我們卻認為并非如此。⑤ I hate him but I pretend other-wise.我恨他，但是我假裝不恨。⑥ I have never observed him do otherwise.我從未看到過他不是這樣做的。

【注】 otherwise可用作連詞，意為“否則”“要不然”，相當于or。如: ① Hurry up, otherwise you'll be late.快點，不然你要遲到了。② Do what you have been told otherwise you'll be punished.照吩咐的去做，否則你將受罰。③ I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go mad.很幸運我對學校里的功課感興趣，不然我要瘋掉的。【注】 otherwise可作形容詞。如：①The fact is other-wise.真相并非如此。② Their political enemies were also their otherwise friends.他們的政敵在其他方面也正是他們的朋友。

▲ remain為連系動詞，意為“處于(某種狀態)”。后接形容詞性的詞作表語。① How can we remain silent on this question? 對這個問題我們怎么能保持沉默呢? ② The boundary questions still remain unsettled.邊界問題仍然沒有解決。③ She remained sitting when they came in.他們進來時，她仍然坐著。

【注】remain也可以接名詞、代詞、介詞短語作表語。如：① This still remains a serious problem.這仍然是一個嚴重的問題。② It remains below 13℃ for about five months of the year.一年約有五個月那里溫度保持在13攝氏度以下。

18.? the process includes a series of different attempts and several false starts.這個過程涉及到一系列不同嘗試和一些錯誤的開端。(p.59 Reading 第三段第三行)▲ attempt的一些用法

(1)vt.試圖做，試圖奪取(后跟名詞，不定式，動名詞等)The enemy attempted an attack by night.敵人準備趁夜色偷襲。He attempted the examination but failed.他試圖通過考試，但沒有成功。The enemy attempted to break through our lines.敵人企圖沖破我們的防線。I attempted walking until I fell over.我掙扎著走路，直到摔倒才停止。

(2)n.嘗試(常為可數名詞)We failed in our attempt to climb the mountain.我們試圖爬上山去，但失敗了。The two superpowers both collude and struggle with each other in a vain attempt to redivide the world.這兩個超級大國又勾結，又爭奪，妄圖重新瓜分世界。

拓展：make an attempt to do sth.試圖做某事；make an attempt at doing sth.試圖做某事；make an attempt on...企圖奪取??；

聯想：attempt vt.& n.嘗試；attemptable adj.可以嘗試的

19.Every new thought or idea has to be connected to what we already know.每一個新思想或新思路都會與我們已有的知識聯系起來。(p.59第四段 第一行)▲ connect connect to意思是“與??相連接(有關)”，其后的介詞既可用to，也可以用with。如：① The police didn't connect him with the murder.警方沒有把他和兇殺案連在一起。② He is connected with the Whites by marriage.他與懷特家是姻親。③ A search of Brady's house found nothing that could connect them with the robberies.對布拉迪的房子的搜查沒有找到任何他與搶劫有關的內容。④ We usually connect spring with sunshine and flowers.我們通常把春天和陽光及鮮花聯系在一起。20.Great thinkers are aware of this and ? 偉大的思想家了解到了這一點?(p.59 Reading

第四段第三行)▲ be aware of(意識到；知道)(1)adj.意識到的，知道 Are you aware of the difficulty?你知道那項困難嗎?(2)跟從句時，省去of He was not aware that he was in danger.他沒有覺察到自己處境危險。She was not aware how much her husband earned.她不知道她丈夫掙多少錢。(3)aware為表語形容詞，前面不能用very修飾，習慣用well，quite等詞。I am quite(well)aware how you must feel.我很能體會你會有什么樣的感受。拓展：be tired of 厭煩??；be afraid of? 害怕??；be short of? 缺少??；be sure of...對??有把握；be full of? 充滿的??；be proud of? 以??為自豪 ▲ aware aware意為“意識到”“覺察到”，是形容詞，多用作表語，后接介詞of，of后通常接名詞、代詞、動名詞或名詞性從句，接名詞性從句應用疑問詞引導，這時of可省去。① Are you aware of the problems involved? 你有沒有意識到這里存在的問題? ② He was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him.直到她對他說話，他才意識到她的存在。③ He become aware of Jane’s coming to-wards him.他覺察到簡向他走來。④ We were quite aware(of)how you would respond to our terms.我們十分清楚你能對我們提出的條件作怎樣的反應。⑤ I Was not aware(of)how dangerous it was.我不知道這有多危險。

【注】aware后可接that引導的從句，這時不可再用of。如: ① I'm well aware that this is not the perfect solution.我非常清楚這不是完美的解決辦法。② He was painfully aware that the deadline had passed.他痛苦地意識到限期已過。③ You must be aware that what you ale doing is illegal.你必須明白你做的事是非法的。

【注】be aware后也可以直接跟連接副詞how引起的從句。如：① I'm quite aware how you must feel.我完全明白你會有什么感覺。② I'm too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.我太困了，沒意識到天有多冷。)21.They all knew that for each new invention that works, there are at least ten that don't.他們都知道，每有一個成功的發明就至少有十個是不成功的。(p.60第二段第四行)▲ 此處介詞for表示對比或比例。常與each，every或數詞連用。意思是“每??就”“與??成比例”。如：① For every enemy, he has fifty friends.他每有一個敵人就有五十個朋友。② Plant three trees for every one that is cut down.每砍一棵樹就要種三棵樹。③ The prisoners of war were exchanged man for man.一對一地交換了戰俘。④ Let's translate the sentence word for word.讓我們逐字翻譯這個句子。Section III 詞匯語法、綜合技能

22.Anywhere we go, we Pan hear the ringing of a cell-phone.我們無論到哪里，都能聽到手機的鈴聲。(p.62第一段第二行)▲ anywhere是副詞，意為“無論何地”，此處用來引導地點狀語從句，相當于一個連詞，意思和wherever或no matter where相近。① I'll take you anywhere you like.我將帶你到你喜歡的任何地方。② Anywhere you go, it is all the same.無論你到什么地方都一樣。③ You can camp anywhere you like these days.如今你可以喜歡在哪兒宿營就在哪兒宿營。④ Anywhere I go, I find the same thing.不管我走到哪里，我都發現同樣的情況。【注】在英語中，副詞起到連詞的作用，用來引導狀語從句很常見。如：directly，instantly，immediately等。如：① I came immediately you called.你一來電話我就來了。② Directly he said those words, there was a dead silence.他剛說完這些話，大家就立刻沉默下來。③ The machine will start instantly you press the button.你一按電鈕，機器就會開動。④ I knew something was wrong immediately I arrived.我一到就知道出事了。⑤ We came directly we got your telephone.我們一接到你的電話就來了。⑥ Instantly I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for.我一看見他就知道他正是警察在尋找的男子。

【注】the moment，the minute，the instant和the second等名詞也可以這樣用。如：① Telephone me the instant you get the results.你一得到結果就給我打電話。② I recognized her the minute I saw her.我一看見她就把她認出來了。③ He liked the painting the instant he saw it.他一看見這幅畫，就喜歡上它了。④ The moment I came into the room, I found the old man lying on the floor, panting.我一進屋子，就發現那老人躺在地上，氣喘吁吁的。

23.A computer’s “memory” is similar to human memory in some ways, but? 電腦的記憶在某些方面和人腦的記憶是相似的?(p.63第二段第六行)▲ similar(1)adj.相似的(常作表語和主語)The products of these two factories are similar.這兩家工廠的產品很相似。We have similar opinions.我們都有類似的意見。

(2)用法上，be similar后接介詞to，不跟with Your situation is similar to mine.你的處境與我的相似。

(【注】similar的反義詞是different，其后跟介詞from。如：① This is a different girl from the one he used to go out with.這個姑娘不是他過去交往的那個姑娘。② I couldn't help being different from when I left school.我與當年離開校園時的我判若兩人，這是不可避免的。

【注】請注意similar與same的區別，前者表示“大致相同”“十分相像”，而后者則意為“完全一樣”“沒有變化”。如：① We've still got the same problem as we had before.我們現在和過去一樣存在同一個問題。② The two cars ate similar in appearance, but the new one is more brightly coloured.這兩部車看起來差不多，但那部新的顏色更亮些。

【注】請注意similar與familiar的差異，后者意為“熟悉的”。當主語是物時，familiar后也接介詞to。如：① Your name is very familiar to me.你的名字我很熟悉。② French is familiar to him as English.他對法語就像英語一樣熟悉。③ These folk songs are familiar to the local people.這些民歌是當地人很熟悉。

【注】當人作主語時，即表示某人對某物熟悉時，familiar后接介詞with。如：① I'm of course familiar with his works.我當然對他的作品很熟悉的。② She has become familiar with the house.她對這房子得很熟悉了)辨析：similar，like與alike similar指有明顯的共同性質但不完全一致或同一。

like指事物在外貌、性質或特征上非常相似以致區別不開，但并非同一。alike意義同like，但只能作表語。

A similar mistake occurs at the end of the paragraph.這一段末尾有一個類似的錯誤。Like thinking produces like ideas.相似的思維產生相似的主張。He and his brother are very alike.他們兄弟倆太相似了。

聯想：(派)similar adj.類似的 similarly adv.類似地 similarity n.類似

24.After all, what makes a new invention such a wonderful thing is that it allows us to do sth.we could not do before.不管怎樣，使一項新發明成為如此奇妙的事情就在于他可以讓我們做以前不能做的事情。(p.63第二段倒數第二行)▲ after all 畢竟。歸根到底

(1)畢竟，到底 He is a good man after all.畢竟他是一個好人。(2)在句首時，常譯為“別忘了”。After all, my son's birthday is in two weeks’ time.別忘了，我兒子的生日還有兩周時間。

拓展：above all 尤其是；all in all 完全，整個地；and all 等等； at all 全然，根本；first of all 首先 in all總計；not at all 一點也不 辨析：after all，at all 與 in all

after all意思是“終究”“畢竟”。如：① After all, I've nothing to be ashamed of.說到底，我沒有什么可羞愧的。② So you see I was right after all.因此你知道最后還是我對。③ What harm does it do after all? 它到底有什么害處? ④ After all, he's only six years old.他畢竟才六歲。

【注】注意: after all與at all和in all的區別。

① at all用在否定句中，以加強否定語氣，表示“一點兒也不”“完全沒有”。如：① It will do you no harm at all.這對你完全沒有害處。② I'm not interested in it at all.我對這毫無興趣。

② at all可用于疑問句、條件句中起強調作用，意為“真的”“竟然”“確實”等。如：① Are you going to do it at all?你真的準備這樣做嗎? ② If you want to discuss with me at all, give me a ring.如果你確實想同我商量，可以打個電話給我。

③ in all用來表示“總計”。如：① There are four questions in all.總共有四個問題。② How much is it in all? 總共多少錢?)

25.Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace,? 既然我們如此高速地發展著新技術?(p.63第三段第二行)▲ now that既然，由于 表示原因 Now that you are grown-up, you must stop this childish behavior.既然你已長大，你必須停止這種幼稚的行為。Now that he is well again, he can go on with his English study.既然恢復了健康，他就可以繼續學習英語。【注】口語中now that中的that可省略。

拓展：now and then 時而，不時；from now on 從現在起；just now 剛才；now then(位于句首，表警告、抗議或引起注意)喂；up to now 直到現在

聯想：now n.現在past n.過去future n.未來 present n.目前 辨析：now that 與 once 引導的狀語從句

now that意為“既然”“由于”；once意為“一旦”，它們在句中起連詞作用，引導時間狀語從句。如： ① Now that you mention it, I do remember.你一提，我就想起來了。② Now that we have decorated the house, we can move in.既然房子已裝修好，我們就可以搬進去了。③ Once over the pass, you will see the town before you.一過關口，你就會看到那座城市呈現在你面前。④ I'll tell him once I see him.我一看見他就告訴他。⑤ Now that the rain has stopped, we call leave.雨既然停了，我們就可以走了。⑥ Now that you are settled, why don't you take up some serious study? 既然你已經安頓下來，為什么你不開始正式地學些東西呢? ⑦ Once she arrives, we can start.她一到我們就可以動身了。⑧ Once you show any fear, he will attack you.你一表現出恐懼，他就要攻擊你。【注】now that中的that可省略。

第四篇：高二英語Unit11 Scientific achievements知識點總復習教案

高二英語Unit11 Scientific achievements知識點總復習教案

Section I 課前準備、聽力、口語

1.Solar energy 太陽能。(p.1 Warming Up最后●)energy 1)n.[U] 精力；活力 Young people usually have more energy than the old.年輕人通常比老年人有活力。

2)n.[U]能，能量atomic energy原子能

辨析：force，power，energy，strength與might * force力；指活動的力，是strength所展示出來的力；常被作“勢力”用。* power力；用途最廣，用于各種身的、心的、隱藏的、外顯的力，和strength同義，但暗示能動的意思。* energy在物理學上指“能”；精力，活力。* strength體力；是內部的力，是在身體組織內存在的體力。* might力；勢力；強有力的力。You must use force to open that bottle.你必須用力打開那個瓶子。/ Some animals have the power to see in the dark.有些動物具有在黑暗中能看見東西的本領。/ To everyone's surprise, the old painter seemed to have more energy after his recovery from his serious illness than even the young.使大家感到驚訝的是這位老畫家在重病復原后似乎比青年人精力還要充沛些。/ I haven't the strength to lift the table.我沒有力氣抬這張桌子。/ It's beyond your might.此事非你力所能及。

聯想：energetic adj.精力充沛的，積極的;energize vt.使活躍，給予精力，加強;energizer n.抗抑制劑；情緒興奮劑

2.That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.這對一個人來說是一小步，但對人類而言卻是一大步。（p.2 Words 第一行）/ You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars.你正在從事發射載人飛船上火星的工作。（p.2 Speaking Dr Winfey）1)男人[C] In many countries in the world, men kiss each other when they meet.在世界上許多國家里，男人們會晤時彼此親吻。

2)人類[U](前面不用冠詞)Man must make the earth support more people.人類必須使地球養活更多的人。

3)vt.操縱；給??配備人員Ten workers were assigned to man the production line.十名工人被派到生產線上進行操作。

4)manned adj.載人的，由人操縱的。

聯想：mankind人類;manner n.方法、舉止;manual adj.手工的、體力的;manly 有男子氣概的；剛強的;man-made人造的

3.You and your team are working on a cure for AIDS.你和你的隊員們正在進行艾滋病治療。(p.2 Speaking / Dr Wilson)辨析：work on與work at

* work on從事某項工作(創造、創作、作畫、制訂、設計、草擬、研究??)。* work at學習；研究；致力于；在??下功夫。

I'm working at my study.我正在努力學習。/ He is working on a new dictionary.他正在撰寫一部新詞典。

4.You want to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food in areas where there is very little water.你想發展新的技術，使得在沒有水的地方生長食物成為可能。(p.2 Speaking ‘Dr Smith’)* make的復合結構

1)make+賓語+名詞使??In 1849, Marx went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.1849年，馬克思到了英國，把倫敦作為從事革命工作的基地。

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2)make+賓語+形容詞使? They have made their home-town rich.他們已使家鄉富有了。/ The policemen have made it clear that he is a thief.警察已弄清楚他是個賊。* 注意：上句it作為形式賓語代替后面that引導的從句。

3)make sb.do sth.使某人做某事 The boss made him work 10 hours a day.老板讓他每天工作十小時。

4)be made to do sth.被迫做某事 The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.工人們每天被迫工作十小時。

5)make + 賓語 + 過去分詞使某人／某事被??

She couldn’t make herself heard.別人聽不到她的話。

5.If I got the money, I would...要是我得到錢。我會??(p.3 Useful expressions 左1)

1)本句為虛擬結構，表示與現在事實相反的假設，從句用一般過去式，主句為would(或should，could，might)+ 動詞原形 If I know the answer to the question, I should(would)tell you.如果我知道問題的答案，我會告訴你的。2)虛擬條件句中be的過去式一般為were。If I were you, I couldn't accept her suggestion.如果我是你，我不會接受她的建議。

6.I'd like...(=I'd love to...；反義詞組：I'd hate to...)我想要??(p.3 Useful expressions 右2)本句型是should like或would like的縮略式，常用來表示“愿意”，尤其是禮貌地提出邀請或愿意提供幫助時。like后可接名詞或帶to的動詞不定式，但不接動詞-ing形式。

1)would like to do sth愿意做某事--Would you like to go to the cinema with me tomorrow ? 明天你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎?--Yes, I'd love to.(to不能省略掉)是的，我愿意去。注意：其否定式為would like not to do sth.2)would like(sb.)to do sth.I would like Tom to do it at once.我想要湯姆立刻去做這件事。

3)would like sth.要什么東西 Would you like some bread or coffee? 你想要些面包還是喝咖啡? Section II 閱讀

7.Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is 1ikely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.無論中國將來會有什么樣的偉大成就，其中許多很有可能會誕生在北京的西北部。(p.3 第一段1－2行)1)be likely to do sth.很可能(發生某種情況)Our team is likely to win the game.這場比賽我們隊很可能贏。

2)It is likely that + 從句 It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.很可能明天我們去森林里野餐。辨析：likely，probable與possible:

* likely系常用詞，指“從表面現象看很有可能”。* possible指“由于有適當的條件和方法，某事可能發生或做到”，強調“客觀上有可能”，但“實際希望很小”。

* probable語氣比possible強，指“有根據、合情理、值得相信的事物，帶有‘大概’、‘很可能’”的意思。

* likely之后常跟不定式(be likely to do sth.)，而possible，probable之后通常不跟不定式；likely的主語可以是人，而possible，probable的主語不能是人。

The hurricane is likely to come.颶風可能要來。/ It is possible to go to the moon now.現在有可能登上月球。/ I don't think the story is probable.我不認為這個故事合情合理。聯想：likely;friendly;fatherly;motherly;sisterly brotherly;manly;lovely;

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lively;lonely;orderly 8.Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and? 中關村是20世紀90年代末建成的經濟特區?(p.3 第二段 第1－2行)1)set up:(1)豎立起來 Let's set up the tent first.我們先把帳篷搭起來。(2)建立，成立 Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.愛迪生10歲就建立了他自己的化學實驗室。(3)使(自己或他人)從事某職業(as)He has set himself up as a bookseller.他開始經營書籍。辨析：set off與set out set off與set out這兩個動詞短語都有“出發”和“動身”的意思，都可以解釋為start to move或begin a journey。set off的原意是“使爆炸”(cause to explode)；set out的原意是“著手做”(begin work with the intention of achieving a particular aim)。注意：set out在用來表示“著手做”時，后面總是跟動詞不定式。The slightest spark can set off the explosives stored here.一點點火星就能夠使儲存在這里的火藥爆炸。/ The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.那位新聞記者立即著手去獲得這些重要的資料，但是他把這些資料寄來卻用了很長時間。

拓展: set about著手(開始)做;set an example樹立榜樣;set apart留出，拔出;set fire to點燃，生火;set foot in(或on)登上；涉足；訪問 2)as用法小結(1)as用作連詞

① 作“當??的時候”解，引導時間狀語從句，表示從句動作與主句動作同時發生、同時進行。As he looked at her she made a face.他看她時，她作了個鬼臉。/ He sang as he walked.他一邊走，一邊唱。

② 作“由于”、“因為”解，引導原因狀語從句，表示比較明顯的原因。由as引導的原因從句通常放在主句之前。As he didn't know much English，he got out his dictionary and looked up the word.由于他不懂得多少英語，他拿出來詞典查了這個詞。③ 作“如(不如)??一樣”解，引導方式狀語從句或比較狀語從句。He does not speak as the other people do.他不像其他人那樣肯說話。He is not so diligent as you.他不如你勤奮。(so?as?只用于否定句。若為肯定句必須用as?as?)

④引導讓步狀語從句時，作“雖然”、“盡管” 解，這時，要將表語或狀語提到主語之前，使句子部分倒裝。如果表語是名詞，放在句首時不能加冠詞。Young as he is, he knows a lot.盡管年輕，他懂得很多。Old man as he is, he still works hard.盡管他是個老人，他仍然工作很努力。

(2)as用作代詞

① 作關系代詞，引導限制性定語從句，先行詞前常有such，the same與之呼應，構成such...as，the same(?)as?。We'll make such computers as are needed in different branches of science.我們將制造出科學的各部門所需要的那種計算機。/ I'm reading the same books as you.我讀的書與你讀的書相同。

②引導非限制性定語從句，as常常作主語、定語、表語等，在這種情況下as指的是前面或后面的整個句子。The two cities are far away from each other, as you can see in the map.正如你在地圖上看見的那樣，這兩座城市相距甚遠。/ As everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold.大家都知道，閃光的東西不都是金子。

3)as if(as though)用作連詞，作“就像?似的”“仿佛”解(1)as if(as though)引起的方式狀語從句或表語從句中動詞一般用虛擬語氣, be通常為were或was。如從句動作與主句動作同時發生，從句用一般過去時；若從句動作在主句動作之前發生，從句用過去完成時。

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Jane shouted in surprise as if she saw the land.珍妮驚喊著，好像看見了陸地。/ Tom is talking about China as if he had been there.湯姆正在談著中國，好像他去過一樣。(2)若主句謂語動詞為look，seem，taste，smell等詞時，as if引導的表語從句常常使用陳述語氣。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起來天好像耍下雨。/ This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.這肉嘗起來好像已變壞了。

(3)當從句中主語和句子主語一致，從句謂語又包含動詞be時，這個主語和be可以省略。He glanced about as if(he was)in search of something.他四處打量著好像在搜尋什么。(4)as if(as though)可以接一個不定式短語。He waved his hand to me as if to have something to tell me.他向我揮了揮手好像有事要告訴我。辨析：as，when與while

as，when，while作為連詞，都有“當??的時候”的意思。* as常可與when或while通用，但它較強調主句和從句中的動作或事情同時發生。因此，常作“一面??一面??”解。* while常表示一段較長的時間或一個過程，強調主句的動詞和從句的動詞所表示的動作或狀態是同時發生的。用while引導的從句中用延續性動詞。As(When／While)I was walking down the street, l noticed a police car in front of Number 37.我沿著大街往前走的時候，注意到37號門前停著一輛警車。/ When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.鐘敲12下時，燈全熄了。/ When I went into the lab, the professor was doing an experiment.當我走進實驗室時，那位教授正在做實驗。/ Please keep quiet while others are studying.別人在學習的時候，請保持安靜。/ While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV.昨晚我在寫信的時候，他在看電視。誤：As he is old, my teacher works hard.正：Old as he is, my teacher works hard.盡管我的老師年齡很大了，但是工作很努力。

誤：So as to catch the early bus, he got up very early.正：He got up very early so as to(in order to)catch the early bus.他起早是為了趕早班車。

拓展：as a matter of fact實際上;as a result(of)結果;as far as就??而言；遠至as follows如下as for至于，關于as long as只要;as well as還，也;as to至于，關于;as many as(表可數)和??一樣多，達??之多 9.The science park is also home to a growing number of overseas Chinese who have grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at home.越來越多的海外華人抓住機會到國內來實現他們的理想。（p.3第三段第1行）grasp的用法：(1)抓住 v.grasp sb.by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊(2)([同]understand)掌握，領會n.grasp sb.’s meaning 懂某人的意思(3)n.[常用單數]緊握；把握；理解；理解力

辨析：grasp，grip，seize，snatch與grab grasp抓緊 / grip緊握；比grasp更強 / seize抓緊；還有“奪過去強占”的含義 / snatch較突然迅速的“掠奪” / grab匆忙，以滿有把握的動作抓住某事(1)I grasped him by the arm.我抓住他的手臂。

(2)The frightened girl gripped her mother's arm.那受驚的女孩緊抓住她母親的手臂。(3)They seized all the belongings of the peasants.他們搶走了農民所有的財物。(4)The man snatched her bag and ran away.那人搶了她的包逃跑了。

(5)Each of you may have a sweet, but don't grab.你們每人可以吃一塊糖，但不要搶。拓展：beyond sb.’s grasp力量達不到 Grasp all, lose all.[諺]樣樣都要，全數失掉。within sb.'s grasp力量達得到

10.Zhongguancun made it possible for him to follow his dreams and help the country

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he loves.中關村使他有可能實現自己的夢想，同時為他所熱愛的國家做出自己的貢獻。(p.3 第三段第3－4行)follow:(1)vt.遵照，遵循 Gandhi was married at the age of thirteen, following the local custom.甘地按照當地的風俗，十三歲就結了婚。

(2)vt.聽從，服從 The soldiers must follow the officer's orders.士兵們必須執行軍官的命令。

(3)vt.明白；懂 He spoke so fast that I could not follow him.他說得太快，我聽不懂他的話。

(4)vt.沿著??前進 We followed the road to the top of the hill.我們沿著這條路走到了小山頂。

(5)vt.跟隨 The children followed their mother into the room.孩子們跟著母親進了房間。

The results are as follows...結果如下??。

to follow through a plan 實行計劃 That's an interesting idea, and we'll certainly follow it up.那是一個有意義的想法，我們一定要進一步予以研究。拓展：as follows如下;follow through完成；把??進行到底;follow up追究，追查；(對??)采取進一步的行動

11.I studied abroad because I wanted to see more of the world and work with some of the top scientists in my field.我到國外學習是因為我想多看看外邊的世界，并在我所學的領域跟一些頂極科學家們一起工作。(p.3第四段 第1行)more:(1)n.較大量，較多量 I'm afraid I’ve eaten more than enough.我怕我是吃得過多了。(2)adj.& adv.(many和much的比較級)更多的(地)；較多的(地)；更This lesson is more difficult than that one.這課比那課難些。They have more books than us.他們的書比我們的多。We have more time than before.我們比以前有較多的時間。拓展：① more and more愈來愈多More and more people are learning how to use computers.越來越多的人在學如何用計算機。② more or less或多或少，在一定程度上What he has said will be proved more or less right．他說的話或多或少是對的。③ more than多于;...多She is more than thirty．她三十多歲了。④ no more = not...any more不再He smokes no more.(He didn't smoke any more.)他不再吸煙了。⑤ no more than僅僅；同??一樣不?? The writer wrote no more than two novels.那位作家僅僅寫了兩部小說。This book is no more interesting than that one.這本書和那本一樣沒趣。⑥ not more than 至多，不超過；不比??更There are not more than five students in the classroom.教室里至多有五名學生。Lesson 2 is not more difficult than Lesson 3.第二課不比第三課更難。⑦ once more(=once again)再一次You'd better try it once more.你最好再試一次 ⑧ 句型：The more?+主句the more?；The + 比較級...the + 比較級?越??就越?? The more I look at the picture the less I like it.這張畫我越看，我就越不喜歡它。

12.I was so happy.It was wonderful, like a dream come true.我真高興，這太棒了，就像夢想成真一樣。(p.4 第三段 第1行)(1)like doing sth.喜歡做某事(經常性愛好)I like drawing and collecting stamps.我喜歡畫畫和集郵。

(2)like to do sth.喜歡做某事(具體的)I like to play football this afternoon.我今天下午想去踢足球。

(3)should(would)like to do sth.想要，愿意 I would like to have some soft drinks.我想喝些軟飲料。

(4)would(should)like sb.to do sth.想讓某人做某事I would like you to do it now.我想讓你現在做這件事。

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注意：口語中like亦可作連詞，意為“如同、好像”。如：Do it like I tell you.照我告訴你的做。

辨析：as與like

as和like都用以表示“相像”。as表示“相像”時是介詞或連詞。as作介詞用時可譯為“作為”，而like則不能。like表示“像”的意思，一般是作為形容詞、介詞，也可以作為連接詞。We united as one.我們團結得像一個人。Study as Lenin studied.像列寧那樣學習。The work is not so easy as you think.這個工作不像你想的那么容易。The picture is not at all like.這張畫畫得一點不像。He looks like a girl.他看上去像個女孩子。He can drive the tractor like you do.他能像你一樣開拖拉機。Let me speak to you as a father.讓我以父親的身份與你講話。(me是父親)As your teacher, I think it my duty to point out your mistakes.作為老師，我認為指出你的錯誤是我的責任。

13.Not all the new companies can succeed,? 并不是所有的公司都會取得成功，?(p.4最后一段 第2行)all(1)adj.所有的，全部的，整個的 All the people stand-ing by and those at the windows cried out.站在街道兩旁和窗口的人都叫喊起來。I've never had anybody speak to me that way in all my life.在我一生中我從未讓任何人對我用那種方式講話。

(2)pron.所有的人或東西，一切。作主語指人時，謂語動詞用復數；指物時，謂語動詞用單數。All the children are busy.所有這些孩子們都很忙。So all she could d0 was to go back home.她能做的一切就是回家去。

(3)all后接定語從句，指物時不能用which，要用that。This is a11 that you want．這就是你要的一切。

(4)all與否定副詞not，never等連用是部分否定，表示“一切??不都是”“不是所有的??都??”。Not all the ants go out for food.不是所有的螞蟻都出去覓食。

拓展：all day long整天;all kinds of各種各樣的;all night long整夜;all one's life某人一生，終身;all over全身，到處;all over the country(world)全國(世界)all the afternoon整個下午 in all總共，總計 after all畢竟，終究 Section III 詞匯、綜合技能

14.Chinese history is filled with great achievements in science and technology.中國的歷史充滿著科技方面的成就。(p.7 第一段 第1行)with的復合結構。即with + 賓語 + 賓補

(1)He likes to sleep with the window open.(adj.作賓補)他喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。(2)With her son away from home, she was worried.(adv.短語作賓補)由于她的兒子離家出走，所以她很擔心。

(3)She came in with a baby in her arms.(介詞短語作賓補)她抱著孩子進來了。(4)With the problem settled, we went on smoothly.(過去分詞作賓補)由于問題得到解決，我們進展順利。

(5)With a local guide leading the way, we got there easily.(現在分詞短語作賓補)由于當地向導帶路，我們很容易到了那兒。

(6)With her husband to help her, she worked it out.(不定式作賓補)由于她丈夫幫助她，她解決了這個問題。

注意：with的復合結構既可以作狀語，又可以作定語。

15.In 1995, the Chinese government put forward a plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education”? 1995年，中國政府提出了“科教興國”的規劃。(p.7 第一段4－5行)

1)put forward:(1)提出(意見、建議)He put forward a better plan.他提出了一個更

用心 愛心 專心

115號編輯

好的計劃。(2)推薦，提名 Shall we put her forward as the candidate for chair-man of the committee? 我們提名她為委員會主席的候選人好嗎? 拓展：put in打斷；插嘴，進港;put off推遲；延期;put on穿；上演;put away放好;put down寫下;put on weight發福;put out生產、撲滅

2)rely vi.(與on，upon連用):(1)依靠；依賴 rely on one's own efforts 依靠自己的努力(2)信任；信賴 depend on with confidence You may rely on me.你可以信賴我。辨析：rely與depend

rely 指“在過去經驗的基礎上，依賴、相信某人或某事物，希望從中得到支持或幫助”。如：He can be relied On to keep secret.相信他能保密。

depend 指“出于信賴而依靠他人或他物，以取得支持或幫助，這種信賴可能有過去的經驗或了解為根據，也可能沒有”。如：He can depend on his wife for sympathy.他相信妻子會同情他。16.When you are writing to persuade the reader,? 當你在寫文章說服讀者，?(p.8 Tips 第1行)persuade:(1)vt.說服 He persuaded her to go to school，even though she did not want to.即使她不想去上學，他還是說服她去。(2)vt.使相信(常與of，that連用)I am almost persuaded of his honesty.我幾乎相信他是誠實的。(3)vi.被說服The boy persuades easily.這孩子聽勸。

辨析：persuade，convince 與 advise

persuade和convince意思均為“說服”；前者著重情感上的“敦促，勸告”，后者著重理智上的“辯論、證明”，兩者結構相同，即：persuade(或convince)sb.that...;persuade(或convince sb.of sth.)而advise只表“勸說”，而不強調其結果如何。He advised her to go, but she didn't.= He tried to persuade her to go, but she didn’t.他建議她去，可她沒去。Finally they were persuaded to give up their foolish plans.最后總算說服了他們放棄了他們愚蠢的計劃。

拓展：persuade sb.to do sth.= persuade sb.into doing sth.說服某人做某事;try／want to persuade sb.to do sth.試圖說服某人做某事;advise sb.to do sth.勸說某人做某事 語法專題

Section IV 語法 構詞法

用心 愛心 專心

115號編輯

第五篇：高二英語Unit19 The Merchant of Venice知識點總復習教案

優秀文檔，精彩無限！

高二英語Unit19 The Merchant of Venice知識點總復習教案

1.pay back償還；報答；報復

Can you lend me some money? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.你能借給我一些錢嗎？我明天就還你。

Susan doesn’t know how to pay him back for his help.蘇珊得到他的幫助，不知如何報答。

He paid me back by not coming.他沒來，以示對我的報復。

2.mercy n.仁慈，憐憫，寬恕；僥幸，幸運

The general showed no mercy,and his prisoners were all killed.那位將軍沒有仁慈，他所有的犯人都被處死了。

It’s a mercy that the accident happened so close to the hospital.很僥幸，這次事故發生在離醫院不遠處。

have mercy on/upon sb.;show mercy to sb.寬恕、憐憫某人

They have no mercy on the poor father and daughter.他們不憐憫這對可憐的父女。

Have mercy on me,please.請寬恕我吧。

beg for mercy 乞求/請求寬恕

He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.他跪下來，乞求寬恕。

at the mercy of “任由……擺布，在……掌握中”

I shouldn’t like to be at the mercy of such a cruel man.我不想任由這個殘忍的家伙擺布。

We were at the mercy of the enemy.我們的命運在敵人的掌握中。

3.envy vt.羨慕，妒忌

What a grand thing it is to be a musician!How I envy you.當一名音樂家有多偉大啊!我真羨慕你。

envy sb.sth.“忌妒某人的……，羨慕某人的……”。

I envy you your health.我羨慕你的健康。

I envied him his experience.我羨慕他的豐富經驗。

4.tear up撕毀；取消

John tore up his test paper so that his father wouldn’t see his low grade.約翰撕毀了他的試卷，生怕他爸爸看到他得了那么低的分數。

They tore up the agreement without any reason.他們無緣無故地取消了那份協議。

5.declare vt.宣布；聲明

The Chinese government declared that Taiwan is part of China.中國政府聲明，臺灣是中國的一部分。

Jones was declared the winner of the match.瓊斯被宣布是這場比賽的勝者。

declare sb./sth.(to be)…“宣布成為……；聲明是……

He declared himself to be a member of their Party.他宣布加入他們的黨派。

His actions declared him to be an honest man.他的行為表明他是個誠實的人。

6.court n.法庭，法院；開庭；球場

The prisoner was brought to court for trial.那個犯人被帶上法庭接受審判。

He met her at the tennis court.他在網球場見到了她。

take sb.to court 對某人起訴，控告

She decided to take him to court.她決定控告他。

注：court很多情況下不加冠詞。

7.worth，worthy，worth-while都為adj.意為“值得”。

(1).worth： be worth + n.當名詞為金錢時，表示“…… 值得……”

be worth doing sth.“……某事值得被做” The question is not worth discussing again and again.優質文檔，精彩無限！

優秀文檔，精彩無限！

(2).worthy：be worthy of +n.當名詞為抽象名詞時表示“……值得……”

be worthy to be done “某事值得被做” The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.(3).worth-while： be worth-while to do sth

“值得做某事”

worth while： It is worth while doing sth

It is worth while sb to do sth.典型例題

It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while 答案C.由worth的用法可知，此句只適合詞組be worth-while to do sth.。因此選C。Section I 課前準備、聽力、口語 1.Deny your father, and refuse your name? 否認你的父親，拒絕你的名字。(p.65 Warming up)▲ deny(denied，denying)(1)vt.否認，不承認Can you deny the truth of his statement? 你能否認他的聲明的真實性嗎? He denied telling me／that he had told me.他否認告訴過我。注意：deny后跟動名詞或跟賓語從句作賓語。

(2)vt.不給；不準 I was denied the chance of going to college.不給我上大學的機會。

(3)vt.(正式)拋棄；背棄He has denied his country and his principles!他背棄了他的國家和他的原則1 ▲ refuse(refused，refusing)(1)vt.拒絕；不接受；不肯He asked her to marry him, but she refused(to marry him).他向她求婚，但是她拒絕了。She refused his offer.她不接受他的求婚。

(2)refuse還可跟動詞不定式構成refuse +to do；也可用于被動結構。She refused to go home.她不回家。They were refused admittance.他們被拒絕入內。

(3)vi.拒絕 He can't refuse if you ask politely.你如果禮貌地請求，他是不會拒絕的。

注意：refuse只接不定式，不接動名詞，不接不定式的復合賓語結構，也不接賓語從句，如：不說，He refused me to go(going)there.而應說：He didn't allow me to go there 或 He refused to let me go.他不讓我去那兒。辨析：refuse與reject refuse和reject都有“拒絕”的意思，有時可以通用，有時用法又不同。refuse強調堅定地拒絕，后可接動詞不定式。reject強調當前拒絕對方的請求、提議的情況，一般后面不接動詞不定式。如：He refused to speak at the meeting.他拒絕在會上發言。He rejected my request.他當面拒絕了我的要求。Section II 閱讀

2.As far as I know? 據我所知?(p.67 Useful expressions)as far as的用法和意思 ▲ as far as或so far as，此處意為“據”“就?‘盡”，常與動詞know，see等詞連用。如： ① As far as they know, the room is empty.據他們所知，房間是空的。② So far as I can judge, she is quite efficient.據我判斷，她的工作效率是相當高的。③ There aye no mistakes as far as I can see.在我看來沒什么錯誤。④ So far as I know, their work is far from satisfactory.據我所知，他們的工作并不令人滿意。

【注】類似的用法還有：as far as sb./ sth.is concerned，意思是“就某人 ／某事而言”“對某人／某事來說”。如：① As far as I am concerned, it's all nonsense.在我看

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來，這全是一派胡言。② This has been a difficult period as far as the country's economy is concerned.就我國經濟而言，最近是其困難時期。

【注】也可以用as far as sth.goes。如：① so far as content goes, it is all right.就內容而言，這還不錯。② It's a perfectly good law as far as it goes, but it doesn't deal with the real problems．該法就其本身而言非常不錯，但是它未解決實際問題。

【注】 as far as的原意是“到達”“一直到”。如：① The flood waters came as far as the roof.洪水一直漫到屋頂。② They didn't go as far as we.他們走得不如我們遠。3.The way I would go about it? 我要做這件事的方法?(p.67 Useful expressions)▲ go about的用法

(1)go about此處意為“從事于??” “進行??”。如：① You are not going about it the right way.你的做法不對。② Peter has no idea how to go about finding a better job.彼得不知道怎樣才能找到更好的工作。③ Bobby is going about his homework very seriously tonight.博比今天晚上在非常認真地做功課。④ How will you go about building the bird home? 你打算怎樣著手建鳥舍?(2)go about可作“流傳”解釋，此時about是副詞，后面不需要跟賓語。如：① There are a lot 0f colds going about now.目前感冒傳染很厲害。② A story is going about that there will be another party on the 15th of August.據說八月十五日要舉行另一次聚會。③ The rumor is going about that John and Mary are getting married.謠傳約翰和瑪麗要結婚了。(3)go about還有“到處走走”之意，此處about也是副詞，相當于around。如：① People are going about more now that the weather's better.因為天氣熱些了，人們外出增多了。② Is it dangerous to go about bareheaded when it's mining? 下雨的時候光著頭到處走有危險嗎? ③ Mother is much better, thank you, she's able to go about a bit more.謝謝你，母親好多了，她已能更多地走動了。

4.Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock.寬恕Antonio吧，Shylock.(p.67 Reading 第二行)have mercy on sb.寬恕某人 ▲ mercy n.仁慈、憐憫、寬恕 She has mercy on little animals.她憐憫小動物。They showed little mercy to their enemies.他們對敵人毫不仁慈。

(1)這一意思也可以用show mercy to sb.或give mercy to sb.表示。如：① Have mercy on me.饒了我吧!② They showed mercy to the defeated enemy.他們饒恕了被打敗的敵人。③ In Iraq, the American soldiers had no mercy on the prisoners of war.在伊拉克，美軍士兵對戰俘毫無憐憫之意。④ The judge showed mercy to him.法官寬恕了他。(2)mercy也可作可數名詞，這時意為“幸運的事”“值得感激的事”。如：① What a mercy he escaped the fire!他從火里逃生，真是幸運。② He is thankful for small mercies.他對小恩小惠也很感激。③ It was a mercy that she wasn't seriously injured.謝天謝地，她沒有受重傷。

注意：表示被動意義時可以說：We were given no mercy.我們沒有得到寬恕。No mercy was shown to the prisoners.對囚犯毫不寬恕。聯想：(復)mercies(同)charity, grace 拓展：at he mercy of 任由??擺布，在??掌握之中;have mercy on ／ upon sb.／ sth.= show mercy to sb./ sth.對??表示同情；對??有憐憫之心;without mercy 毫不留情地

5.I’ve promised to take my pound of flesh.我說過一定要拿走我的那一磅肉。(p.67 Reading 第三行)▲ promise(1)vt.答應，允諾約定I don't remember I ever promised that.我不記得我答應過這件事。

優質文檔，精彩無限！

優秀文檔，精彩無限！

(2)vt.promise + to + v.(原型)I never promised to obey her commands.我從未答應過要服從她的命令。

(3)vt.promise + n./ pron.+ n./ pron.She promised me a gift for my birthday.她答應送我一件生日禮物。

(4)vt.promise + that從句He promised that he would come.他答應來。

(5)n.諾言、約定Give me your promise that you'll never do that again.答應我你永遠不要再干那種事。

聯想：promise n.諾言、約定、預示;promiser n.做出諾言的人。

拓展：make a promise 做出承諾，允諾;keep one's promise遵守諾言;break one's promise食言

6.It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.跟夏洛克講理是沒有用的。(p.67 Reading 第七行)▲ It's useless + doing是一固定句型，意思是“做某事沒有用處”。

拓展：It's useless / no use / no good + v.-ing做某事沒有用處(好處)It's no use quarreling with her.跟她吵架沒有用。It's of no use arguing about it.爭論這事沒有用。It's no good crying over spilt milk.后悔是沒有用的。(諺語)覆水難收。Is it any good just crying? 光哭有什么用呢? 7.You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea.你到不如站在海灘上跟大海講理。(p.67 Reading 第七行)▲ may / might / just / could as well do sth.(as do sth.else)意思是“還是??的好”“倒不如”“干脆”“不妨”。如：① If that's the case, I may as well try.如果真是那樣的話，我不妨試試。② I may as well admit that I knew the answer all along.我干脆承認了吧，我早就知道答案。③ The weather was so bad we might as well have stayed home.天氣這樣糟糕，我們還不如呆在家里呢。④ Anyway, you're here;you might as well stay.反正你已經來了，最好還是住在這兒吧!⑤ I might as well tell you the truth.我不妨告訴你真相。⑥ I'll come with you if you like;I might as well.如果你愿意，我就和你一起去，我無所謂。⑦ If I've got to go somewhere, I may as well go to Birmingham.如果我非得到什么地方去的話，我還是去伯明翰的好。

8.Pass judgment on me and give Shylock what he wants.對我審判吧，把夏洛克想要的東西給他把。(p.67 Reading 第八行)▲ pass judgment(opinion)on sb./ sth.pass judgment(opinion)on sb./ sth.對??進行評價(批評)，此處表示“作出判決”。如：① It's very hard to pass judgment on yourself.對自己作出評價是很難的。② The voters will pass judgment on the government tonight.選民們今晚得對政府作出評價。③ It's difficult to pass judgment on the affair when we know so little about what happened.對發生的情況了解這么少，要作出判斷是困難的。④ I can't pass my opinion on your works without examining it thoroughly.不仔細看，我不能對你的作品提出意見。

【注】 也可以說make one's judgment on / about / of sb./ sth．。如：① I shall make my own judgment on the matter when I see the results.看了結果后我將自作評價。② I don't really want to make any judgments on the decisions they made.我真的不想對他們作出的決定作任何評價。

9.If you offered me six times what you have just offered,? 你愿意給我六倍于剛才你提出的那個錢數，?(p.67 Reading 第十行)▲ 動詞offer的用法

(1)offer有“主動提出”“提供”之意，表示提供一種東西或提出一項建議。如：① The young man offered the old woman his won seat.那個年輕人要把自己的座位讓給老大娘。② They offered him a job at the factory, but he refused.他們提出在工廠給他安排工作，優質文檔，精彩無限！

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但他拒絕了。③ They offered a reward for the return of the jewel that had been lost.他們懸賞尋找失去的珠寶。④ It began to rain, so I offered her my umbrella, but she would not take it.天開始下雨，所以我把雨傘拿給她用，但她不要。(2)offer表示“出價”，與介詞for連用，后接某事物。如：① I offered him thirty thousand dollars for the house.我向他出價三萬美元買這幢房子。② They offered their boat for sale for 2000 dollars.他們把船拿來出售，索價兩千美元。③ They offered him 3000 pounds for the computer.他們愿意出三千鎊來買他這臺計算機。④ They offered two hundred francs for the right to reproduce the painting.他們愿意出二百法郎取得這幅畫的復制權。【注】offer后接價錢，表示主語愿買；后接事物，表示主語愿出售該事物，請比較例句①～④。

(3)offer既可作動詞也可作名詞用，不論作何種詞，后面均可跟動詞不定式。如：① He offered to lend me some books.他主動提出要借一些書給我。② Thank you for your kind offer to lend me some books.謝謝你好心借給我這些書。③ Thank you for your offer to help us.謝謝你表示愿意幫助我們。④ He offered to drive us to the station, but we preferred to walk there.他說他可以開車送我們去車站，但我們寧愿走著去。▲ 倍數的表示方法

times作“倍數”解釋時，是可數名詞，用times表示“A是B的幾倍大(或高、長、寬、深等)”“A比B大(或高、長、寬、深等)幾倍”，常見的句型如下：

(1)A is three(four...etc)times the size(height，length，width，depth，etc)of B。如: ① The new bridge is four times the width of the old one.這座新橋是舊橋的四倍寬。② The meeting room is three times the size of the classroom.會議室是教室的三倍大。③ The tower is three times the height of the building.這座塔是那座樓房的三倍高。④ The river is five times the depth of the brook.這條河是那條小溪的五倍深。(2)A is three(four...etc)times as big(high，long，wide，deep，etc)as B。如: ① Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。② This box is three times as heavy as that one.這個箱子是那個箱子的三倍重。③ This new highway is three times as wide as the old one.新公路是舊公路的三倍寬。④ The classroom is four times as big as our dormitory.教室是我們寢室的四倍大。

(3)A is three(four?etc)times bigger(higher，longer，wider，deeper etc)than B.如：① The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.會議室比我們辦公室大三倍(會議室是我們辦公室的四倍大)。② Asia is three times larger than Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。【注】用times表示倍數，一般只限于表示基數在內三倍或三倍以上的數，表示兩倍不用two times，而用twice或double。如：① My income is now double what it was.我的收入是以前的兩倍。② Now the number of sheep is more than double that of 1990.現在羊的數目是一九九。年的兩倍多。

10.? I would still take my pound of flesh.我還是要拿回我應得的那一磅肉。(p.67 Reading 第十行)flesh:(1)肌肉，肉A fat man has a great deal of flesh.胖子肉多。(2)肉體 The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.心有余而力不足。辨析：flesh與meat的區別(1)flesh和meat都解釋為肉，但涵義有所不同，flesh指人和動物身上的肉，如指食用肉，則來指獸類的肉，不包括魚禽類的肉。如：① Mr Green is losing flesh.格林先生瘦了。② Have you ever tasted the flesh of the snake? 你嘗過蛇肉嗎? ③ You should get up early and do some exercise.Otherwise, you'll put on flesh.你應該早起鍛煉，否則會發胖的。④ The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of

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millions of men.長城不僅是用石頭和泥土砌成的，而且是由幾百萬人的血肉所組成的。(2)meat指供食用的肉，是獸類肉的總稱；如pork，mutton，beef可統稱為meat；有時也指植物的肉。如：the meat of an apple。① What kind of meat is it? 這是什么肉? ② I like meat while my brother likes fish.我喜歡吃肉，而我弟弟喜歡吃魚。

【注】 meat是不可數名詞，“一塊肉”是a piece of meat；“一磅肉”是a pound of meat, 我們看到的meats是指多種肉。

11.Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 夏洛克，如果你對別人一點都不仁慈，你自己怎么能希望得到別人對你的仁慈呢？(p.67 Reading 第十三行)▲ hope for hope for意為“希望”“盼望。如：① Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望，作最壞的準備。② After this dry weather，people all hope for rain.經過了這段干旱，人們普遍希望下雨。③ We hope for better weather soon.我們希望天氣盡快好轉。④ This time they really hoped for better results.這次他們的確希望取得較好的成果。⑤ How I hoped for his speedy recovery!我多么希望他早日康復啊!⑥ That would be too much to hope for.那是期望過高了。

【注】hope后不能跟名詞，但可以跟介詞短語。如“盼望下雪”，不能 說成hope snow，而應該說hope for snow；hope可以跟不定式作賓 語，但不定式不能作賓語補足語。例如我們不能說I hope you to come soon，而應該說I hope that you'll come soon。辨析：hope for；wish for與long for 這三個詞組都可作“希望、愿望”講，但含義略有區別：

① hope for指盼望得到好的或有好結果，這種希望或能實現或實現不了。② wish for常指想擁有很難得到的東西。③ long for指強烈的愿望或渴望，語氣最強。

How I wish for a pair of wings!我多么希望有一雙翅膀啊!How he longs for a sense of being able to do things!他多么渴望有能力辦成事情啊!拓展：pay for 為??付錢；fight for 為??而戰；for all 盡管；for good 長期地；for nothing 不收費

12.I desire my pound of flesh.我想要我的那一磅肉。(p.67 Reading 倒數第六行)▲ desire的用法

(1)desire意為“期望”“想”“希望”，后接名詞或代詞。如: ① All he desired then was some spare time for study.那時候他想的只是有些空余時間進行學習。② I desire rest after such a long walk.在那么長的散步后，我很想休息一下。③ The stranger said that he desired an interview.那個陌生人說他希望受到接見。④ He couldn't well express his feelings however much he desired it.他沒法恰當地表達出他的感情，不管他多么想這樣做。(2)desire后可跟不定式作賓語。如: ① She had never desired to do anything like that.她從來沒希望做這樣的事。② There are a number of things that I desire to say.有幾件事我想講一下。③ She desires to go south.她希望去南方。④ There's one small point which I should desire to clear up.有一個小問題我想澄清一下。

(3)desire偶爾也可跟不定式作賓語補足語。如:① What do you desire me to do? 你希望我做什么? ② They desired him to go there at once.他們希望他馬上到那里去。

(4)desire也可作“請求”“要求”解釋，后面接賓語從句。在從句中常用虛擬語氣，即should + 動詞原形。如：① He desired that all letters should be burnt after his death.他請求在他死后把全部信件燒掉。② She desired that you should go and see her at once.她請你馬上去見她。③ The doctor desired that we should wait.醫生請求我們等一等。④ The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.老師要求所有的作業在放學前交出。

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13.Enter Portia, dressed as the judge.鮑西亞走進法庭，穿著法官制服。(p.67 Reading 倒數第五行)▲ dress的一種用法: 在本課中作“打扮自己”解釋，常用于短語dress up as sb.或 dress up for sth.。如: ① They all dress up as PLA men.他們都打扮成解放軍模樣。② The little boy likes to dress himself as a policeman.這小男孩喜歡扮成警察。③ They tried to dress him up as a “national hero”.他們想把他打扮成一個“民族英雄”。④ She dressed up in Elizabeth costumes for the fancy dress ball.她穿上伊麗莎白時代的服裝去參加化裝舞會。⑤ Mary Was dressed up to play Cinderella.瑪麗化好裝，扮演灰姑娘。

14.Greetings, learned judge!I do not envy you your job.您好，博學的法官，我并不嫉妒您的工作。(p.67 Reading 倒數第四行)▲ greetings(1)greeting的意思是“問候語?‘招呼(或動作)”，包括Hello / Hi / Good morning(after noon，evening)/ Welcome / How are you等見面時的問 候，也包括在節日致以的問候，如Merry Christmas / Happy New Year /Happy birthday等，在本課中，直接用Greetings是一種非常正式的問候語，用在極為正式的場合說話者帶有一種很恭敬的語氣的情景中。如：① “Greetings, Reverend” he said respect-fully.他恭敬地說：“牧師，您好”。

(2)greetings可表示“祝愿”“祝賀”“問候語”，如我們常看到的圣誕卡片上的詞語Season's Greetings致節日的問候、birthday greetings生日賀詞、Christmas Greetings圣誕快樂以及greeting card賀卡等。▲ envy(1)羨慕；嫉妒 My success excited his envy.我的成功引起了他的嫉妒。(2)vt.嫉妒；羨慕 常用予 v.+ n./ pron.或 v.+ n./ pron.+ n./ pron.(雙賓)結構。John envied his friend's success.約翰嫉妒朋友的成功。I envy you your good fortune.我羨慕你的好運。注意：① envy后接兩個賓語時，這兩個賓語都是直接賓語，都可以直接和動詞連用。② envy后不接從句。③ envy作名詞時，其后接介詞at或of。如：The boy’s new toy was the envy of his friends.這個男孩的新玩具是他的朋友妒忌的對象。▲ envy也可以作名詞用，為不可數名詞，后接介詞at，of或toward。① They only say such unkind things about you out of envy.他們是出于忌妒才講了你那么多的壞話。② He felt envy at my success.他羨慕我的成功。③ His envy of his brother soon turned into jealousy.他對哥哥的羨慕很快變成了忌妒。

辨析：envy與jealousy 這兩個詞都有“嫉妒”的意思。jealousy著重對別人占有的東西惱恨不滿。envy著重由于別人獲得了自己本想獲得的東西或成就而產生不快。如：His envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy.他對弟弟的嫉妒很快變成了惱恨。

聯想：admire 欽佩、贊賞；envious adj.羨慕的；嫉妒的；enviously adv.羨慕地；嫉妒地

15.This is a most troublesome case.這是一個非常麻煩的案子。(p.67 Reading 倒數第三行)▲ most(1)most adv.常與兩個音節以上的 adj.或 adv.構成最高級；adj.最高級要加定冠詞the，而adv.最高級前可加可不加the。如：This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.這是我所看到的最有趣的電影。She works(the)most carefully in her office.她是辦公室里工作最仔細的。

(2)adv.最 What people like most about the doctor is his kindness.人們最喜歡這醫生的一點是他很和藹。

(3)(用于強調)非常；得 She was a most beautiful woman.他是個很美麗的女人。

(4)adj.幾乎全部的，大多數的。He has visited most countries in Europe.他訪問過歐洲大多數國家。

(5)n.幾乎全部，大部分 I was in London most of the time.大部分時間我在倫敦。

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聯想：mostly adv.大部分地；通常地、主要的

拓展：at most至多不超過，for the most part大部分，多半，most of多數的 16.Please be seated.請坐。(p.67 Reading 倒數第一行)▲ seat(1)seat是及物動詞，后必須跟賓語或用被動語態形式。如: ① The young couple seated themselves upon a bench that stood by the lake.這對年輕的夫婦在湖畔的長椅上坐下。② He seated himself near the window and began to read.他坐在窗戶附近開始讀書。③ She was seated at the piano with her back to them.她坐在鋼琴旁，背對著他們。④ Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.女士們，先生們，請坐下。⑤ I seated him in the armchair.我使他坐在安樂椅上。⑥ Seat the telescope on the tripod.把望遠鏡安裝在三腳架上。(2)seat可解釋為“能坐??人”。如: ① That big cinema can seat 2000 people.那家大型電影院能坐兩千人。② There are seven waiting room there, seating 17000 people in all.那里有七個候車室，總共可坐一萬七千人。

【注】seat與sit的區別在于前者是及物動詞，后者是不及物動詞，我們可以說sit down，但不可以說seat down，而應該說He is seated。

17.Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? 你還要求得到那一磅肉嗎？(p.68 Reading 第八行)▲ ask for, ask about及ask after(1)ask for在本課中意為“要求(得到)”。如: ① After Oliver finished his bowl of porridge, he asked for more.奧立弗吃完一碗粥以后要求再添一些。② Everything that was asked for has now been sent.所要的東西現在全送去了。③ The workers asked for an increase in their pay.工人們要求提高工資。④ She walked up to the counter mad asked for a pound of sugar.她走到柜臺前，要買一磅白糖。⑤ Mr Smith, a lady is asking for you at the door.史密斯先生，門口有位太太要找您。⑥ He is not the man you are asking for.他不是你要找的那個人。⑦ Has anyone asked for me during my absence? 我不在的時候有人找過我嗎? ⑧ Just now someone asked for you on the phone.剛才有人打電話找你。【注】 ask sb．for sth．意為“向某人要某物”“請求給予”。如: ① Ask Xiao Lin for anything you want.你要什么東西，可以找小林。② They asked the waiter for their bill.他們向服務員要帳單。

(2)ask about意為“詢問” “打聽”。如: ① The commander asked about the wounded soldier's condition.指揮員詢問了那個傷兵的情況。② He rang up the station office to ask about the trains.他給車站辦公室打了個電話詢問關于火車的事。

(3)ask after意思是“問候”。如: ① When I met Mrs Smith this morning, she asked after you and the children.今天早晨我碰見史密斯太太時，她問候你和孩子們。② They were all very concerned, and your health was asked after.他們都很關心，并問候你的身體情況。③ “My mother asked after you.” “Oh, how kind of her.” “我母親問候你。”“多謝她的好意。”

18.? and let me tear up this paper.讓我把這張借條撕了。(p.68 Reading 第十九行)▲ tear up撕毀，撕碎 ① He tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the waste-paper basket.他氣憤地把信撕掉，扔進廢紙簍里。② He tore up sheet after sheet of music before producing the happy tune he wanted.他撕掉一篇又一篇的樂譜，最后才寫出他想要的滿意的調子。③ John tore up his test paper so that his mother won't see his low grades.約翰撕碎試卷，以便媽媽看不到他糟糕的成績。④ Yuan Shikai openly tore up the constitution.袁世凱公開撕毀了憲法。

▲ tear up有“(完全地)拔起、提起”“撕開”之意。如： ① The wind tore up several trees.風把幾棵樹連根拔起。② Dozens of miles of railway track have been torn up.幾

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十里的火車道被拔起。

▲tear up可作“撕毀(取消)協議、契約”解釋。如: ① A contract cannot be tom up at will.合約不能任意取消。② He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and to prepare a new one.他告訴律師撤消舊合同，制訂一份新的。

▲ tear up也可引申為“飛快地跑上??”之意。如: The sportsman tore up the stairs two steps at a time.那運動員兩級一跨地飛奔上樓。

19.I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you.我宣布法庭可以允許這樣做，法律把他判給你。(p.68 Reading 倒數第一行)▲ declare一詞的用法

(1)declare意為“宣布”“宣告”“聲明”，后接名詞或從句。如: ① Britain declared war on / against Germany on 3rd, September 1939.一九三九年九月三日英國對德國宣戰。② The colonies declared their independence from England.這些殖民地宣告脫離英國而獨立。③ He declared to us that he bad done the work himself.他一本正經地向我們說他獨自完成了工作。④ Charles declared the result of the election.查爾斯宣布了選舉結果。⑤ Miss Alice declared that she had nothing to do with it.艾麗斯小姐聲稱她和這事無關。⑥ She declared that she didn't want to see him any more.她聲稱她再也不想見到他了。

(2)declare后面可接復合結構，該復合結構可由形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞充當。如: ① The teacher declared Tom chosen.老師宣布湯姆被選上了。② The chairman declared the meeting open.主席宣布開會。③ The boys declared themselves against cheating.男孩子們宣稱他們自己也反對欺騙行為。④ They declared his story to be true.他們聲明他的說法是真實的。

辨析：announce 與 declare ① announce 宣布(含有“預告”的意思)It was announced that there would be a celebration on Sunday.據宣布，星期日要舉行慶祝(會)。

② 用announce說個人要做什么事時，常含有“鄭重其事”的意思。The boy announced that he was going to try out his toy plane that afternoon.那男孩向大家宣布，他下午要試飛他的玩具飛機。

③ declare宣布(如：公開宣布戰爭、和平、中立、意見等)This power country declared war on that small country.這個大國向那個小國宣戰。聯想：declarer n.宣告者；declared adj.公然宣稱的(同)announce announcement n.(可數)通告，布告 拓展：declare oneself 表明自己的立場；declare peace 宣布和平；declare war on(against)對??宣戰

Section III 詞匯語法、綜合技能 20.Antonio lost all his ship at sea ? Antonio在茫茫大海上丟了所有的船(p.69 Language Study Ex.2)▲ at sea及其他(1)at sea表示“在茫茫大海上”，意指“離海岸很遠”。如: ① Now his ships were all at sea.現在他的船都出海了。② The ship hit an iceberg and buried at sea.這船撞上了冰山，葬身海底。③ Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane.由于颶風，好幾艘船在海上失蹤。(2)at sea前面加上all或completely時，引申為“茫然不知所措”之意。如: ① I'm all at sea.I can't understand that problem.我簡直是一片茫然，我無法理解這個問題。② He was all at sea when he began his new job.他開始新工作時，茫然不知所措。③ Would you please explain it again? I'm all at sea.你能否再解釋一下?我一點兒也不懂。④ The girl was completely at sea when her mother scolded her.當母親責怪她時，女孩茫然不知所措。

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▲ 請注意by sea與by the sea的區別，前者表示“經海路”，后者表示 “在海邊”。如: ① “How did you go there? By train?” “No, we went there by sea.” “你們怎么到那里去的?乘火車?”“不，我們乘船去的那里。” ② The Turners lived by the sea.特納一家住在海邊。

▲注意go to the sea與go to sea的區別，前者意為“去海濱”(度假或野餐)，后者表示“去當水手”。如: ① Last Sunday, the students in Class Two went to the sea.上星期天，二班的學生去海邊玩。② “I want to go to sea when I grow up.” said the boy to his mother.這小男孩對母親說：“我長大了要去當水手。”

21.Shylock advances towards Antonio and prepares to use his knife.夏洛克朝安東尼奧走去，準備割肉。(p.71 Integrating Skills 第一行)▲ 動詞advance及其用法(1)advance在本課中意為“前進?‘發展?‘往前走”，相當于step forward。如: ① They advanced to meet the guests.他們走上前迎接客人。② About 80 percent of the graduates advanced to senior middle school.約有百分之八十的畢業生升入高中。③ We were ordered to advance on the enemy position under cover of darkness.我們得到命令，在黑夜的掩護下向敵人陣地進攻。④ The troops advanced rapidly to the village.部隊迅速前進到那個村莊。

(2)advance可作及物動詞用，意為“提出”。如: ① He was among the first to advance the idea that the earth was round.他是最早提出地球是圓的這一觀點的人中的一個。② The proposal he advanced at the meeting was not accepted.他在會上提出的建議沒有被接受。③ He had no chance to advance his opinion.他沒有機會提出自己的意見。

(3)advance還有“增進?‘促進”“提前”“提升”之意。如: ① This will further advance the friendly relations between the two countries.這將進一步增進兩國之間的友好關系。② The time of the meeting was advanced by an hour.會議時間提前了一個小時。③ He was soon advanced to the position of Secretary of State.不久他就被提升為國務卿了。④ Such books are likely to advance your knowledge of European history.這一類書可能會增進你對有關歐洲歷史知識的了解。(4)advance也可作名詞用，意思和動詞差不多。如: ① The enemy couldn't make any advance, nor could they go back.敵人進不得，也退不得。② Great advances have been made in medical science.醫療科學取得巨大的進展。

【注】in advance意思是“預先”“在前面”，而in advance of意思是“在?前”“超過?”。如: ① The subject of the discussion is announced a week in advance.討論的題目提前一周公布。② I had asked everyone to raise questions in advance of the meeting.我要求大家在會議前提出問題。③ He arrived half an hour in advance.他提前半小時到達。

【注】in advance of也可引申為“比?先進”。如： Our equipments are far in advance of theirs.我們的設備遠比他們的先進。

22.If you let one drop of his blood fall, you will lose?要是你讓他身上的血流下一滴，有就會失去?(p.71 Integrating Skills 第三行)▲ drop(1)n.滴, 點滴 There were a few drops of rain．下了幾滴雨。(2)v.使滴下 The wet leaves dropped water.濕葉在滴水珠。

(3)v.使落下 Please drop it into the mail-box.請把它投到郵箱里。辨析：drop 與 fall drop 可作及物動詞，而fall不能。表示無意或故意“掉下來”某一物體，或故意“跌倒”時，用drop，不用fall。drop 和 fall 都可作不及物動詞，表示“掉下” “落下”。The Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground.2班的運動員不小心把接力棒掉在了地上。The glass dropped(或fell)out of her hand.杯子從她手里掉了下來。He dropped(或fell)to the ground.他摔倒在地上。

聯想：dropcurtain 吊幕；droplight 吊燈；dropshot 扣球；dropsy 水腫

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拓展：drop asleep 入睡；drop back 退后；drop across 偶然遇到；drop in 順便走訪；drop into 不知不覺地進人某種狀態；have a drop in one's eye 有點醉意

23.You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted.你要求公正，那么就讓你得到公正，比你要求的還要多。(p.71 Integrating Skills 第六行)▲ shall作為情態動詞的用法

作為情態動詞shall可用于任何人稱，在陳述句中表示允諾、威脅、命令、決心、規定、要求等。如:(1)表示允諾。如: ① Tell her that she shall get the book tomorrow.告訴她明天就可以拿到那本書了。② I promise you shall see them again before long.我保證你不久就會見到他們。③ Don't worry, you shall get the answer this very afternoon.別著急，今天下午你就可以得到答復了。④ You shall have higher pay if you work well.如果你工作得好，你就可以得到較高的工資。⑤ You shall hear everything directly you come.你一來，就什么都會聽到。

(2)表示威脅、命令。如: ① You shall suffer for this!你會為這件事吃苦頭的!② As a mall sows, so he shall reap.善有善報，惡有惡報。③ They shall suffer for this;they shall answer for what they have done.他們將沒有好下場，他們要為他們的所作所為付出代價。④ “If you won't do as I tell you, you shan't get your birthday gift.” said father to Tom.父親對湯姆說：“如果你不聽話，你就得不到生日禮物。” ⑤ “You shall do everything as I do, so look carefully.” said the teacher to the students.老師對學生說：“你們必須照我做的去做，看仔細了。”

(3)表示決心。如: ① Everything shall be done to save the ship.必須盡一切力量來營救這艘船。② I shall never do such a thing, never!這種事我是絕對不干的，絕對不干!③ You shall not catch me so easily next time.下次你決不會那么容易趕上我。④ The enemy shall be wiped out.敵人一定會被消滅。(4)用在條約、規則、法令等事件中。如: ① The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st.新章程六月一日起施行。② The National Party Congress shall be held every five years.黨的全國代表大會每五年舉行一次。(5)用在某些從句中，表示意圖，要求，相當于should。如: ① We are anxious that he shall be given a chance to try it out.我們熱切希望能給他機會試一試。② My demand is that you shall get it ready before five.我要求你在五時前把它準備好。③ I wish that you shall stay at home tonight.我希望今晚你會留在家里。④ I'm anxious that it shall be done in time.我急于要把這件事及時做好。⑤ My mother is determined that I shall stay on.媽媽決定讓我待下去。

24.The law of Venice says that if anyone tries to kill or murder any citizen of Venice, ? 威尼斯法律規定，任何殺害或謀殺威尼斯公民的人，?(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第14行)▲ murder(1)vt.謀殺He murdered his rival in cold blood.他殘忍地殺害了他的對手。(2)n.謀殺罪He was accused of committing murder.他被指控犯了謀殺罪。辨析：murder，kill與shoot ① murder 指謀殺 ② kill 籠統地表示“殺”的事實 ③ shoot 表示用槍或箭射殺 One day, a man was murdered in a small town.一天，一個人在一小城被謀殺。The polluted air killed the crops.被污染了的空氣使莊稼死亡。He was killed in an accident.他在一次事故中死去。The prisoner of war shot himself.那個戰犯自殺了。聯想：(派)murderer 兇手；murderess 女兇手

拓展：political murder 政治謀殺；a mass murder 大屠殺；get away with murder 逍遙

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法外；The murder is out 真相大白

25.His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke.他的生命全憑公爵來處理。(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第11行)▲ at the mercy of 這一短語的意思是“任由??擺布”“在??的掌握(支配)中”，相當于in the power of。如: ① The ship hit a rock and sank down, the crew were at the mercy of the winds and waves.船撞上礁石下沉了，船員在風浪中隨波飄流。② People at Altorf would not like to be at the mercy of Gesler, the cruel governor.阿爾托夫的人們不愿意忍受總督蓋斯勒的擺布。③ The dog's life was at the mercy of its master.狗的生命掌握在它主人手中。④ The mouse caught just now was at the mercy of the cat, his cruel enemy.剛才被抓住的那只老鼠現在由它的殘忍的敵人貓任意擺布。

26.Therefore, go down on your knees and beg the Duke for mercy.因此，快去跪下請求公爵寬恕你吧。(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第11行)▲ go down on one's knees 跪下、屈膝

此短語中的go也可以用get替代．即get down on one's knees。如: ① Never go down on one's knees before enemy.在敵人面前決不能屈膝。② He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.他跪地求饒。③ Father went down on his hands and knees and let his son ride on his back.父親趴在地上讓兒子騎在他背上。④ The young man went down on his hands and then stood on his bead against the wall.這年輕人雙手著地，然后靠墻倒立。

【注】 go down on one's knees與get down on one's knees意思相同，但go down和get down意思不同。這一點請同學們務必注意go down作“下落”“減弱”解釋，而get down作“放下”“打下”解釋。如: ① On the third day, his fever went down.到了第三天，他的燒退了。② The prices of computers are expected to go further down.計算機的價格可望進一步下跌。③ The moon has gone down and it is dark around.月亮已經西沉了，四下里黑漆漆的。④ At night the north wind went down and the river froze again.晚上北風減弱，河里又結了冰。⑤ I couldn't get down what he said.我沒能把他說的話都記錄下來。⑥ They got down two enemy aircrafts last night.昨晚他們打下了兩架敵機。⑦ The medicine was so bitter that I couldn't get it down.這藥太苦，我吃不下去。⑧ Will you give me a hand to get this trunk down? 你幫我把這皮箱拿下來好嗎? 27.My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself.我的錢財對我就像生命一樣寶貴。(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第5行)▲ dear的幾種用法(1)adj.親愛的，可愛的 What a dear little child!多么可愛的小孩。

(2)dear此處作“珍貴的”解釋。如: ① He lost everything that Was dear to him.他喪失了他所珍視的一切。② Fame and power are very dear to him.名譽和權力對他來說是非常珍貴的。③ To him very dear is the power by which he can control people and get money.對他來說，權力是非常珍貴的，通過它可以支配人并得到錢財。

（3）dear可以作“(價格)昂貴的”“索價高的”解釋。如: ① It is too dear.這價錢太貴了。② It you want to make money, you must buy cheap and sell dear.如果你想賺錢，你必須便宜的買進昂貴的賣出。

【注】dear與expensive的異同點。dear與expensive都有“價格昂貴” 之意，都不能與price連用。例如我們不能說“The price of the motorcycle is too dear / expensive, 而只能說The motorcycle is too dear / expensive或The price of the motorcycle is too high.因為修飾price的只能是high或low。以上講的是dear與expensive這兩個詞相同的地方。但這兩個詞也有不同的一面。dear所表示 的價格貴，是超乎常情的貴，講得通俗一點，是指某個商品價格很貴，但實際不值那么多錢，而expensive所表示的貴，有“物美價高非購買者財力所及”之意，舉例來說，如果一輛價值十萬元的車賣十萬元，就不能說dear，而只能說

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expensive；但如果一斤桔子通常賣一元，如賣一元五角，就應該說dear。

▲ dear還可用作感嘆詞，相當于漢語的“天啊”“哎呀”，表示傷心、焦急、驚奇、遺憾、同情等。如: ① Oh, dear!What shall I do? 噢!天啊!我該怎么辦呢? ② ”Dear me“, said the old minister to himself, ”Am I foolish or unfit for my office?“ “天哪”，老大臣心里想，難道我也愚蠢或不稱職了? ③ ”Oh，dear!How call you draw on the wall?" “噢，天啊!你怎么能在墻上亂畫?”

28.They are my only comfort.他們是我唯一的安慰。(p.71 Integrating Skills 倒數第5行)▲ comfort(1)n.安慰、慰籍The nurse spoke a few words of comfort to the sick boy.護士對小病人說了幾句安慰的話。

(2)n.舒適，安逸The news brought comfort to all of us.這個消息使我們所有人都感到安慰。

(3)v.安慰 He always comforts me when I'm in trouble.每當我處于困境時，他總是來安慰我。

聯想：comfortable adj.舒適的(反義詞)uncomfortable 不舒適的；comfort [U] 舒適(反義詞)discomfort 不舒適

拓展：give comfort to 安慰；live in comfort 生活舒適；offer sb.comfort 給人以安慰

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