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初一英語語法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1

時(shí)間:2019-05-12 15:53:23下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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第一篇:初一英語語法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1

初一英語語法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

初一英語語法雖然是從簡(jiǎn)單的一些日常用語出發(fā)的,但語法中常會(huì)有一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)看起來很細(xì)小,容易被忽視,但這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握不熟練,往往會(huì)造成一些語法應(yīng)用上的錯(cuò)誤。因此在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時(shí),要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心,不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。

下面從幾個(gè)方面,總結(jié)出了初一英語語法,如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué),可以參考一下,一、初一英語語法——詞法

1、名詞

A)、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員

九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:

一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞

A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下:

一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B)現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英語語法——句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英語語法——時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它有:

Be 動(dòng)詞:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.1.形容詞的用法:

形容詞用以修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定語、表語,用于限定被修飾語的特征,如長(zhǎng)短、大小、重量、顏色、高矮、胖瘦、新舊等。

The little girl is very pretty.這個(gè)小女孩很好看。

--I want that one.我想要那個(gè)。

--Which one? 哪一個(gè)?

--The new blue one.那個(gè)藍(lán)色新的。

Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那個(gè)大的漂亮的嗎?

2、人稱代詞:

是用來表示人的代詞,有單數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)之分,有主格和賓格之分。人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語;人稱代詞的賓格在句中作賓語,是作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。

主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主語

賓格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作賓語

He and I are in the same class.我和他在同一個(gè)班級(jí)。

Can you see them in the street? 你能看見他們?cè)诮稚蠁幔?/p>

3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

英語中名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。凡是可數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)的名詞叫做可數(shù)名詞;凡是不可以計(jì)數(shù)的名詞叫做不可數(shù)名詞。

(1)可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。可數(shù)名詞前可以用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或some many等修飾。如:a man a desk

an apple an orange some books some children tow pens(2)不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面不能用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或many等詞語修飾,但可以用some a little much等詞語來修飾。有時(shí)可以與一些量詞短語搭配,這些量詞短語中的名詞一般是可數(shù)的,有單數(shù)形式,也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:some water

a little milk much food

a piece of bread tow bottles of ink

some glasses of water

4、祈使句

祈使句用來表示請(qǐng)求、命令等,句中沒有主語,肯定形式由謂語或者謂語+賓語(+賓語補(bǔ)足語)構(gòu)成,否定形式則在句前加Don’t.Stand up, please.請(qǐng)起立。

Don’t worry.別擔(dān)心。

can的用法:

can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示―能,會(huì),可以,被允許等‖,其后接動(dòng)詞原形,否定形式為cannot,可縮寫為can’t.She can speak Japanese.她會(huì)講日語。

I can’t remember his name.我不記得他的名字了。

Can you spell your name? 你會(huì)拼寫你的名字嗎?

5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):

概念:表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可以表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。

結(jié)構(gòu):由be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)+ 動(dòng)詞ing構(gòu)成,其中be動(dòng)詞要與主語保持性數(shù)一致。

Mary is flying a kite in the park.瑪麗正在公園里放風(fēng)箏。

--What are you doing now? 你現(xiàn)在在干什么?

--I’m reading English.我正在讀英語。

Are they drawing the pictures now? 他們正在畫畫嗎?

動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞是動(dòng)詞原形變化而來的,規(guī)則變化如下:

動(dòng)詞ing形式叫動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞,其構(gòu)成如下:

1)

直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing 2)

以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再加ing make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking 3)

以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加ing run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming 注意對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的判斷。判斷一個(gè)英語句子用什么時(shí)態(tài),主要看句子的時(shí)間狀語,一般說來,每種時(shí)態(tài)都有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因此,這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)最常用的時(shí)間狀語是now;但有不少句子并沒有now,只能通過提示語如look、listen等或者通過上下文來確定用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

She is cleaning her room now.她正在打掃房間。

Look!The girl is dancing over there.看!那個(gè)女孩在那里跳舞。

Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我們一起做游戲嗎?

Can’t you see I am doing my homework? 你沒看見我正在做作業(yè)嗎?

6、have/ has的用法:

1)

謂語動(dòng)詞have表示―有‖,有兩種形式:have和has,前者用于第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you)和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)(they),后者用于第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)或單數(shù)名詞。

I have an apple and he has two bananas.我有一個(gè)蘋果,他有兩個(gè)香蕉。

You have a new English teacher.你們有了一個(gè)新的英語老師。

It has two big eyes.它有一雙大眼睛。

Julie and Jack have a nice car.朱莉和杰克有一輛好看的車。

2)

have/has句型與there be句型的比較:兩者都表示―有‖,但用法不同。前者表示所屬關(guān)系,即表示―某人或某物有什么‖,而后者表示存在,表示―某地有什么‖。

They have some new books.他們有一些新書。

There are some new books on their desks.他們桌子上有一些新書。

She has a lot of pretty skirts.她有很多漂亮的裙子。

There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop.商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。

3)

have/ has的否定句,一般要加助動(dòng)詞do/ does,再加not構(gòu)成,即do not have(don’t have)/ does not have(doesn’t have)

.She does not have a sister.她沒有姐姐。

We don’t have any classes on Saturday.我們星期六沒有課。

Ann and I don’t have a big room.我和安沒有一個(gè)大房間。

4)

一般疑問句由―助動(dòng)詞Do/ Does + 主語 + have + 賓語‖構(gòu)成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.--Do you have a big house? 他們的房子大嗎?

--No, they don’t.不,他們的房子不大。

--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮嗎?

--Yes, he does.他有的。

5)特殊疑問句由特殊疑問詞 + 助動(dòng)詞do/ does + have(+狀語)構(gòu)成。

What do they have? 他們有什么?

What does he have? 他有什么?

How many telephones do they have? 他們有幾部電話?

7、介詞用法:

1)

具體時(shí)間前介詞用at。

.He gets up at half past seven every day.他每天七點(diǎn)半起床。

She goes to bed at eleven o’clock.她十一點(diǎn)睡覺。

2)

表示―在早上,在下午,在晚上‖的短語中用介詞in,且定冠詞the不能省略;表示―在中午,在夜里‖的短語中介詞用at,不加冠詞。

in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上

at noon在中午,at night在夜里

3)

表示―在某天‖、―在某天的上午、下午等‖的短語用介詞on。

What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么?

Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有時(shí)你星期五晚上出去吃飯嗎?

He watches DVDs on Saturday night.星期六晚上他看DVD。

Parents take children to parks on June 1.六月一日,家長(zhǎng)們帶著孩子去公園。

4)

在this, last, next, every等詞前面既不加介詞,也不用冠詞。

What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么?

He visits his grandma every Friday.他每個(gè)星期五都去看望祖母。

She is going to Shanghai next Monday.她下個(gè)星期一去上海。

8、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。

其動(dòng)詞形式是:動(dòng)詞原形(只有第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí)除外,要加-s)其疑問句和否定句需要用助動(dòng)詞do或does 1)

肯定句用行為動(dòng)詞原形表示

They get up very early every morning.他們每天早晨起來很早。

I visit my grandparents four times a month.我一個(gè)月去看望祖父母四次。

2)

否定句用don’t + 動(dòng)詞原形來表示

We do not go shopping on Sundays.我們周日不去購(gòu)物。

I don’t think you like this colour.我想你不喜歡這個(gè)顏色。

3)

一般疑問句則是把助動(dòng)詞do提前至句首,后面動(dòng)詞用原形。回答時(shí),肯定用 ―Yes, 主語+do‖;否定句用 ―No, 主語+don’t‖。

–Do they go to school at seven o’clock? 他們七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)嗎?

--Yes, they do.--Do you like this skirt? 你喜歡這條裙子嗎?

--No, I don’t.不,我不喜歡。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與以下的時(shí)間狀語連用:often 經(jīng)常,always 總是,sometimes 有時(shí),usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。

He usually goes to school by bike.通常他騎車上學(xué)。

I visit my grandparents every week.我每個(gè)星期都去看祖父母。

She is always late for class.她總是上課遲到。

My parents and I sometimes go out to eat.我和父母有時(shí)出去吃飯。

It often rains here.這兒常常下雨。

主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也要是第三人稱單數(shù),后要加-s或-es。

He likes reading at night.他喜歡夜里讀書。

She usually goes to school by bike.她平時(shí)騎車上學(xué)。

The little cat drinks milk every day.小貓每天都喝牛奶。

轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句要加doesn’t,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。

Kelly doesn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.凱麗星期六星期天起床不早。

He doesn’t feel well today.他今天感覺不舒服。

轉(zhuǎn)換成一般疑問句,句首用Does,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。

Does he have lunch at school? 他在學(xué)校吃午飯嗎?

Does it take long by train? 乘火車要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間嗎?

第二篇:初一英語語法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

初一英語語法雖然是從簡(jiǎn)單的一些日常用語出發(fā)的,但語法中常會(huì)有一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)看起來很細(xì)小,容易被忽視,但這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握不熟練,往往會(huì)造成一些語法應(yīng)用上的錯(cuò)誤。因此在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時(shí),要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心,不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。

下面從幾個(gè)方面,總結(jié)出了初一英語語法,如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué),可以參考一下,一、初一英語語法——詞法

1、名詞

A)、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員 九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:

二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞 人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞

A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下: 一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B)現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下: 一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英語語法——句式 1.陳述句

肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英語語法——時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它有: Be 動(dòng)詞:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.1.形容詞的用法:

形容詞用以修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定語、表語,用于限定被修飾語的特征,如長(zhǎng)短、大小、重量、顏色、高矮、胖瘦、新舊等。

The little girl is very pretty.這個(gè)小女孩很好看。

--I want that one.我想要那個(gè)。

--Which one? 哪一個(gè)?

--The new blue one.那個(gè)藍(lán)色新的。

Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那個(gè)大的漂亮的嗎?

2、人稱代詞:

是用來表示人的代詞,有單數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)之分,有主格和賓格之分。人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語;人稱代詞的賓格在句中作賓語,是作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。

主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主語

賓格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作賓語

He and I are in the same class.我和他在同一個(gè)班級(jí)。Can you see them in the street? 你能看見他們?cè)诮稚蠁幔?/p>

3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

英語中名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。凡是可數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)的名詞叫做可數(shù)名詞;凡是不可以計(jì)數(shù)的名詞叫做不可數(shù)名詞。

(1)可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。可數(shù)名詞前可以用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或some many等修飾。如:a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens(2)不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面不能用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或many等詞語修飾,但可以用some a little much等詞語來修飾。有時(shí)可以與一些量詞短語搭配,這些量詞短語中的名詞一般是可數(shù)的,有單數(shù)形式,也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink

some glasses of water

4、祈使句

祈使句用來表示請(qǐng)求、命令等,句中沒有主語,肯定形式由謂語或者謂語+賓語

+賓語補(bǔ)足語)構(gòu)成,否定形式則在句前加Don’t.Stand up, please.請(qǐng)起立。

Don’t worry.別擔(dān)心。can的用法:

can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“能,會(huì),可以,被允許等”,其后接動(dòng)詞原形,否定形式為cannot,可縮寫為can’t.She can speak Japanese.她會(huì)講日語。

I can’t remember his name.我不記得他的名字了。

Can you spell your name? 你會(huì)拼寫你的名字嗎?

5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):

概念:表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可以表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。

結(jié)構(gòu):由be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)+ 動(dòng)詞ing構(gòu)成,其中be動(dòng)詞要與主語保持性數(shù)一致。

Mary is flying a kite in the park.瑪麗正在公園里放風(fēng)箏。--What are you doing now? 你現(xiàn)在在干什么?

--I’m reading English.我正在讀英語。

Are they drawing the pictures now? 他們正在畫畫嗎? 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞是動(dòng)詞原形變化而來的,規(guī)則變化如下: 動(dòng)詞ing形式叫動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞,其構(gòu)成如下: 1)

直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing 2)

以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再加ing make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking 3)

以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加ing run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming 注意對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的判斷。判斷一個(gè)英語句子用什么時(shí)態(tài),主要看句子的時(shí)間狀語,一般說來,每種時(shí)態(tài)都有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因此,這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)最常用的時(shí)間狀語是now;但有不少句子并沒有now,只能通過提示語如look、listen等或者通過上下文來確定用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

She is cleaning her room now.她正在打掃房間。

Look!The girl is dancing over there.看!那個(gè)女孩在那里跳舞。

Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我們一起做游戲嗎?

Can’t you see I am doing my homework? 你沒看見我正在做作業(yè)嗎?

6、have/ has的用法:

1)

謂語動(dòng)詞have表示“有”,有兩種形式:have和has,前者用于第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you)和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)(they),后者用于第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)或單數(shù)名詞。

I have an apple and he has two bananas.我有一個(gè)蘋果,他有兩個(gè)香蕉。

You have a new English teacher.你們有了一個(gè)新的英語老師。

It has two big eyes.它有一雙大眼睛。

Julie and Jack have a nice car.朱莉和杰克有一輛好看的車。2)

have/has句型與there be句型的比較:兩者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所屬關(guān)系,即表示“某人或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。

They have some new books.他們有一些新書。

There are some new books on their desks.他們桌子上有一些新書。

She has a lot of pretty skirts.她有很多漂亮的裙子。

There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop.商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。

3)

have/ has的否定句,一般要加助動(dòng)詞do/ does,再加not構(gòu)成,即do not have(don’t have)/ does not have(doesn’t have).She does not have a sister.她沒有姐姐。

We don’t have any classes on Saturday.我們星期六沒有課。Ann and I don’t have a big room.我和安沒有一個(gè)大房間。

4)

一般疑問句由“助動(dòng)詞Do/ Does + 主語 + have + 賓語”構(gòu)成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.--Do you have a big house? 他們的房子大嗎?

--No, they don’t.不,他們的房子不大。--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮嗎?--Yes, he does.他有的。

5)特殊疑問句由特殊疑問詞 + 助動(dòng)詞do/ does + have(+狀語)構(gòu)成。

What do they have? 他們有什么? What does he have? 他有什么?

How many telephones do they have? 他們有幾部電話?

7、介詞用法:

1)

具體時(shí)間前介詞用at。

.He gets up at half past seven every day.他每天七點(diǎn)半起床。

She goes to bed at eleven o’clock.她十一點(diǎn)睡覺。2)

表示“在早上,在下午,在晚上”的短語中用介詞in,且定冠詞the不能省略;表示“在中午,在夜里”的短語中介詞用at,不加冠詞。

in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上

at noon在中午,at night在夜里

3)

表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短語用介詞on。What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么?

Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有時(shí)你星期五晚上出去吃飯嗎?

He watches DVDs on Saturday night.星期六晚上他看DVD。

Parents take children to parks on June 1.六月一日,家長(zhǎng)們帶著孩子去公園。

4)

在this, last, next, every等詞前面既不加介詞,也不用冠詞。

今天下午你做什么?

He visits his grandma every Friday.他每個(gè)星期五都去看望祖母。

She is going to Shanghai next Monday.她下個(gè)星期一去上海。

8、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。

其動(dòng)詞形式是:動(dòng)詞原形(只有第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí)除外,要加-s)其疑問句和否定句需要用助動(dòng)詞do或does 1)

肯定句用行為動(dòng)詞原形表示

They get up very early every morning.他們每天早晨起來很早。

I visit my grandparents four times a month.我一個(gè)月去看望祖父母四次。2)

否定句用don’t + 動(dòng)詞原形來表示

We do not go shopping on Sundays.我們周日不去購(gòu)物。

I don’t think you like this colour.我想你不喜歡這個(gè)顏色。3)

一般疑問句則是把助動(dòng)詞do提前至句首,后面動(dòng)詞用原形。回答時(shí),肯定用 “Yes, 主語+do”;否定句用 “No, 主語+don’t”。–Do they go to school at seven o’clock? 他們七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)嗎?

--Yes, they do.--Do you like this skirt? 你喜歡這條裙子嗎?

--No, I don’t.不,我不喜歡。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與以下的時(shí)間狀語連用:often 經(jīng)常,always 總是,sometimes 有時(shí),usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。

He usually goes to school by bike.通常他騎車上學(xué)。

I visit my grandparents every week.我每個(gè)星期都去看祖父母。

She is always late for class.她總是上課遲到。

My parents and I sometimes go out to eat.我和父母有時(shí)出去吃飯。It often rains here.這兒常常下雨。主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也要是第三人稱單數(shù),后要加-s或-es。

He likes reading at night.他喜歡夜里讀書。

She usually goes to school by bike.她平時(shí)騎車上學(xué)。

The little cat drinks milk every day.小貓每天都喝牛奶。轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句要加doesn’t,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。

Kelly doesn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.凱麗星期六星期天起床不早。

He doesn’t feel well today.他今天感覺不舒服。轉(zhuǎn)換成一般疑問句,句首用Does,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。Does he have lunch at school? 他在學(xué)校吃午飯嗎?

Does it take long by train? 乘火車要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間嗎?

Ⅰ.初中英語八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)

時(shí)態(tài)是英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容,廣大初中學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí),往往對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)總是倍感棘手,下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語:

always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc(等等)

基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞

否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

一般疑問句:①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。二、一般過去時(shí):

概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

一般疑問句:①was或were放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did 提問,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing 否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí):

概念:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

時(shí)間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。

基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing 否定形式:was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。

五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

時(shí)間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + done 否定形式:have/has + not +d one.一般疑問句:have或has。

六、過去完成時(shí):

概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行

為,即“過去的過去”。

時(shí)間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):had + done.否定形式:had + not + done.一般疑問句:had放于句首。七、一般將來時(shí):

概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.否定形式:①was/were + not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

八、過去將來時(shí):

概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。

時(shí)間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.一般疑問句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。Ⅱ.幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換

英語中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是幾種常見的轉(zhuǎn)換形式: 一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語,與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:

A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看: Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am coming, Mum!意為“我就來,媽媽!”請(qǐng)看: The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換 “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語中,當(dāng)主語為第一人稱時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語中,所有人稱都可以用

will。請(qǐng)看:

We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday

初一英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸類例析

英語有很多很細(xì)小的知識(shí)點(diǎn),而這些細(xì)小的知識(shí)點(diǎn)往往就是考點(diǎn)。同學(xué)們很容易由于注意不到而犯錯(cuò)誤,下面就初一年級(jí)同學(xué)們比較容易犯錯(cuò)誤的知識(shí)點(diǎn)做一個(gè)匯總。

[第一類] 名詞類

1.這些女老師們?cè)诟墒裁矗?/p>

[誤] What are the woman teachers doing?

[正] What are the women teachers doing?

[析] 在英語中,當(dāng)一名詞作定語修飾另一名詞(單或復(fù)數(shù)形式)時(shí),作定語的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式;但當(dāng)man,woman作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men,women.2.房間里有多少人?

[誤] How many peoples are there in the room?

[正] How many people are there in the room?

[析] people作“人、人們”解時(shí),是個(gè)集合名詞,其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。

3.我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。

[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.[析] 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí),常用“a / an或數(shù)詞 +表量的可數(shù)名詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu),其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時(shí),表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

[第二類] 動(dòng)詞類

4.你妹妹通常什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)?

[誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

[析] 借助助動(dòng)詞do(或does)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時(shí),句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用其原形。

5.琳達(dá)晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè),但今晚她在看電視。

[誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV.[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.[析] 在初一英語學(xué)習(xí)階段,我們接觸到了兩種主要時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常和often,usually,sometimes 等時(shí)間狀語連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中,若主語是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式構(gòu)成。這雙鞋是紅色的。

[誤] This pair of shoes are red.[正] This pair of shoes is red.[析] 在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成雙成對(duì)的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計(jì)量)修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定。

[第三類] 代詞類

7.這張票是她的,不是我的。

[誤] This is hers ticket.It’s not my.[正] This is her ticket.It’s not mine.[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞,而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。

8.吳老師教我們英語。

[誤] Miss Wu teaches our English.[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.[析] teach sb.sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語,因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時(shí)要用其賓格形式。

[第四類] 介詞類

9.你能找到這個(gè)問題的答案嗎?

[誤] Can you find the answer of this question?

[正] Can you find the answer to this question?

[析] 英語中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有the key to the door,the way to the zoo等。

10.格林先生星期六上午來這里。

[誤] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.[析] 表示在上午、下午等時(shí),介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時(shí),介詞要用on.11.那個(gè)穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。

[誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.[析] 用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時(shí),只能用in,其他介詞沒有此用法。

[第五類] 副詞類

12.莉莉,你為什么不回家呢?

[誤] Lily,why don’t you go to home?

[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?

[析] come,go 等后接here,there,home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí),地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to。

[第六類] 連詞類

13.我喜歡語文和英語,但我不喜歡體育和歷史。

[誤] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.and history.[正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.or history.[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之間用and來連接;而在否定句中,并列成分之間的連接需用or。

[第七類] 冠詞類

14.乘飛機(jī)去北京花了史密斯一家人一個(gè)小時(shí)。

[誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.[析] 1.表示“……一家人”用結(jié)構(gòu)“the + 姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”;

2.our 一詞的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音,它是以元音音素開頭的,所以“一小時(shí)”要用 an hour;

3.用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時(shí),交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。

[第八類] 句法類

15.――你不是學(xué)生嗎?

――不,我是學(xué)生。

[誤] ――Aren’t you a student?

――No,I am.[正] ――Aren’t you a student?

――Yes,I am.[析] 對(duì)否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No,這取決于實(shí)際情況:如果事實(shí)是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事實(shí)是否定的,就用No表“是的”。

第三篇:初一英語語法及常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

主要掌握幾種時(shí)態(tài) 1,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 2,一般過去時(shí) 3,一般將來時(shí) 4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 還有幾種詞 1,名詞 2,代詞 3,形容詞 4,動(dòng)詞 5,冠詞 初一英語語法

一、詞法

1、名詞 A)、名詞的數(shù) 我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下: 一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員

九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:

一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞 人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性 第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my you mine myself

復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself

復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞 A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下:

一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B)現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))

good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, se cond, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式 1.陳述句

肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))

否定陳述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student?

b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad?

d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small?

回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它有:

Be 動(dòng)詞:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.

第四篇:初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法雖然是從簡(jiǎn)單的一些日常用語出發(fā)的,但語法中常會(huì)有一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)看起來很細(xì)小,容易被忽視,但這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握不熟練,往往會(huì)造成一些語法應(yīng)用上的錯(cuò)誤。因此在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時(shí),要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心,不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。下面從幾個(gè)方面,總結(jié)出了初一英語語法,如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué),可以參考一下,一、初一英語語法——詞法

1、名詞

A)、名詞的數(shù)(   )

                                           

一)直接接s 如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, 后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員

九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名詞的格(      

)

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成              如下:

一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day婦女節(jié)

由and連接兩個(gè)詞,如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞(  )

人稱代詞      物主代詞       指示代詞

    反身代詞

第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞( )A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s,如下:一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys B)現(xiàn)在分詞      

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,                  ing 構(gòu)成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

二、初一英語語法——句式

1.陳述句( )肯定式( )

a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定式( )

b)a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句     肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英語語法——時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它有:

Be 動(dòng)詞:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any

tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier

friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

第五篇:初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法總結(jié)

名詞

A)、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 1)baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, 三)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員

action movie-action movies, pen 九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下: 一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁

Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間Mike’s 有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:(共住一間),and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性 第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs

these those themselves

動(dòng)詞

A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下: 一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

B)現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:

spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, 一)一般在后加ing。如:

hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。greater-greatest, shorter 一)如:–shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)3

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時(shí)態(tài)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

定義:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+其他

否定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+not+其他

一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞置于句首

2.一般過去時(shí)

定義:過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生,也可以表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,只說明過去。

構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(was/were)+其他

否定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(was/were)+not+其他

一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞置于句首,并還原行為動(dòng)詞

3.一般將來時(shí)

定義:表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

否定形式:主語+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

一般疑問句:把助動(dòng)詞shall/will放在句首

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

定義:表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。可以表示有計(jì)劃的未來。構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

否定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+not+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞置于句首

5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

定義:示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(was/were)+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

否定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(was/were)+not+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

一般疑問句:把was/were置于句首

6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

定義:表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響和后果;另外,還表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

否定形式:主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

一般疑問句:把have/has置于句首

7.過去完成時(shí)

定義:表示到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),概括地說是表示“過去的過去”。

構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

否定形式:主語+had+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

一般疑問句:把had置于句

The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday.()(5)English drives me mad.6

1主語就是發(fā)起動(dòng)作的人或物,由名詞,名詞性短語或代詞構(gòu)成 2謂語就是動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語

3賓語就是承受動(dòng)作的人或物,由名詞,名詞性短語或代詞構(gòu)成 4定語就是修飾句中名詞的成分,可以是形容詞做定語,也可以是定語從句 5狀語就是修飾謂語動(dòng)詞的,例如說明動(dòng)作是說明時(shí)候發(fā)生的,就是時(shí)間狀語;動(dòng)作是怎樣發(fā)生的就是方式狀語,還有地點(diǎn)狀語等,由副詞構(gòu)成,以及9種狀語從句 6補(bǔ)語就是做補(bǔ)充說明成分的,補(bǔ)充說明主語的是主語補(bǔ)語,補(bǔ)充說明賓語的是賓語補(bǔ)語

介詞

表方位的有:at ,in, on, to(大多數(shù)情況是做不定式后街動(dòng)詞原形,作介詞時(shí),意思是到……地方去),for,above, over, on,below, under,in front of, in the front of,beside,behind 表示時(shí)間的有:in , on,at,in, after,from, since,after, behind 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的across, through

表示“在……之間”的between兩者, among三者或三者以上 表示其他意義的on ,about 關(guān)于 by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 except不包括, besides(包括)除了

介詞后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定跟ing形式,介詞后面也可以加名詞或從句

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