第一篇：初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法總結(jié)

在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時(shí)，要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心，不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。下面從幾個(gè)方面，總結(jié)出了初一英語語法，如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué)，可以參考一下：

一、初一英語語法——詞法

1、名詞

A）、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas

二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes

三）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories

以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways

四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios,photos,但如是輔音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西紅柿,potatoes馬鈴薯

五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves

六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese 七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：

people,bpants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同學(xué),family家，家庭成員

九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚fishes魚的種類,paper紙papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文,work工作works作品，工廠,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光線lights燈,people人peoples民族,time時(shí)間times時(shí)代,次數(shù),chicken雞肉chickens小雞

十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：

child-children, man-men , woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是之s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié),classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié),Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目：人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞

人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性

第一人稱

單數(shù)I、me、my、mine、myself

復(fù)數(shù)we、us、our、ours、ourselves

第二人稱

單數(shù)you、you、your、yours、yourself

復(fù)數(shù)you、you、your、yours、yourselves

第三人稱

單數(shù)she、her、her、hers、herself、he、him、his、his、himself、it、、it、its、this、that、itself

復(fù)數(shù)they、them、their、theirs、these、those、themselves

3、動(dòng)詞

A）第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：

一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains

二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes

三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries

2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys

四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does,goes

五）特殊的有：are-is,have-has

B）現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing

二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having

三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show–showing,draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning

四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于

初一英語語法總結(jié)--句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述句

a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)

b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)

c)Iwant a sweater like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d)I can bring somethings to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))

否定陳述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in , please.否定祈使句

a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句

a)Is Jim a student?

b)Can I help you?

c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答:

a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.否定回答:

a)No,he isn’t.b)No,you can’t.c)No,she doesn’t.d)No,they don’t.e)No,she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句

Is the table big or small?

回答It’s big./It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

①問年齡How old is Lucy?She is twelve.②問種類What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③問身體狀況How is your uncle? He is well / fine.④問方式How do / can you spell it? L – double O-K.How do we contact you ? Mye-mail address is president@xueersi.com.⑤問原因Why do you want to join the club? ⑥問時(shí)間What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up ,Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go ? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦問地方Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧問顏色What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨問人物Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto? ⑩問東西What’s this / that(in English)? It’s a pencilcase.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli,strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your firs tname? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? Myfamily name’s Smith.12問哪一個(gè)Which do you like? I like one in the box.13問字母What letter is it ?It’s big D / small f.14問價(jià)格How much are these pants ?They’re 15 dollars.15問電話號(hào)碼What’s your phone number ? It’s 576-8349.16問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do?I’m a teacher.What’s your father?He’s a doctor.

第二篇：初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法總結(jié)

名詞

A）、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 1）baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, 三）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2）day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

action movie-action movies, pen 九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下： 一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁

Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間Mike’s 有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：（共住一間），and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）

代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性 第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs

these those themselves

動(dòng)詞

A）第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下： 一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B）現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：

spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, 一）一般在后加ing。如：

hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。greater-greatest, shorter 一）如：–shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母＋1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)3

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時(shí)態(tài)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

定義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+其他

否定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+not+其他

一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞置于句首

2.一般過去時(shí)

定義：過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生，也可以表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。

構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was/were）+其他

否定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was/were）+not+其他

一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞置于句首，并還原行為動(dòng)詞

3.一般將來時(shí)

定義：表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

否定形式：主語+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

一般疑問句：把助動(dòng)詞shall/will放在句首

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

定義：表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?？梢员硎居杏?jì)劃的未來。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

否定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+not+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞置于句首

5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

定義：示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was/were）+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

否定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was/were）+not+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

一般疑問句：把was/were置于句首

6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

定義：表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響和后果；另外，還表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

否定形式：主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

一般疑問句：把have/has置于句首

7.過去完成時(shí)

定義：表示到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，概括地說是表示“過去的過去”。

構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

否定形式：主語+had+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

一般疑問句：把had置于句

The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday.（）(5)English drives me mad.6

1主語就是發(fā)起動(dòng)作的人或物,由名詞，名詞性短語或代詞構(gòu)成 2謂語就是動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語

3賓語就是承受動(dòng)作的人或物，由名詞，名詞性短語或代詞構(gòu)成 4定語就是修飾句中名詞的成分，可以是形容詞做定語，也可以是定語從句 5狀語就是修飾謂語動(dòng)詞的，例如說明動(dòng)作是說明時(shí)候發(fā)生的，就是時(shí)間狀語；動(dòng)作是怎樣發(fā)生的就是方式狀語，還有地點(diǎn)狀語等，由副詞構(gòu)成，以及9種狀語從句 6補(bǔ)語就是做補(bǔ)充說明成分的，補(bǔ)充說明主語的是主語補(bǔ)語，補(bǔ)充說明賓語的是賓語補(bǔ)語

介詞

表方位的有：at ,in, on, to（大多數(shù)情況是做不定式后街動(dòng)詞原形，作介詞時(shí)，意思是到……地方去），for，above, over, on，below, under，in front of, in the front of，beside，behind 表示時(shí)間的有：in , on，at，in, after，from, since，after, behind 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的across, through

表示“在……之間”的between兩者, among三者或三者以上 表示其他意義的on ,about 關(guān)于 by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 except不包括, besides（包括）除了

介詞后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定跟ing形式，介詞后面也可以加名詞或從句

第三篇：初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發(fā)的，但語法中常會(huì)有一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)看起來很細(xì)小，容易被忽視，但這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握不熟練，往往會(huì)造成一些語法應(yīng)用上的錯(cuò)誤。因此在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時(shí)，要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心，不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。下面從幾個(gè)方面，總結(jié)出了初一英語語法，如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué)，可以參考一下，一、初一英語語法——詞法

1、名詞

A）、名詞的數(shù)（   ）

                                           



一）直接接s 如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, 后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies，documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s)，Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名詞的格（      

）

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成              如下：

一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day婦女節(jié)

由and連接兩個(gè)詞，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）

2、代詞（  ）

人稱代詞      物主代詞       指示代詞



    反身代詞

第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞（ ）A）第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys B）現(xiàn)在分詞      

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，                  ing 構(gòu)成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

二、初一英語語法——句式

1.陳述句( )肯定式（ ）

a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定式（ ）

b)a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句     肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes，they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英語語法——時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：

Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any

tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一）一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母＋1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier

friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

第四篇：初一英語語法總結(jié)

初一英語語法總結(jié)

在我們身邊，經(jīng)常會(huì)看到學(xué)生為語法感到頭疼的現(xiàn)象，中學(xué)階段的學(xué)生經(jīng)常說語法太難了,語法對(duì)于很多初中學(xué)生來說簡直是一片空白,如果不懂得語法就沒辦法翻譯,更談不上對(duì)篇章的理解了。下面是小編給大家匯總的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

一、詞法

1、名詞

A)、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二)特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself

復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself

復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves

第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself

he him his his himself it it its its this that itself

復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞

A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：

一)一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes 五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B)現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：

一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier

sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))

good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worstlittle-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述

a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)

b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)

c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))

否定陳述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：

Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.曬課網(wǎng)小編小結(jié)：語法在英語學(xué)習(xí)中很重要難度也很大，如果是針對(duì)中考或者高考的話，語法是很基礎(chǔ)的東西，首先單選的二十道題都是考察語法點(diǎn)的，其次改錯(cuò)部分也是針對(duì)語法錯(cuò)誤的改錯(cuò)，寫作的話寫作也是基礎(chǔ)，你要會(huì)用定語從句寫句子肯定要比一個(gè)用倆簡單句寫句子的人得分高。其次閱讀的部分，文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些長難句，要通過分析句子成分來找中心意思，句子分析這不就是語法的內(nèi)容么，語法是整個(gè)英語的基礎(chǔ)。

第五篇：初一英語語法總結(jié)

七年級(jí)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

一．字母和音標(biāo)

1.26個(gè)英文字母：5個(gè)元音字母a, e, i, o, u（聯(lián)系漢語拼音中的韻母排列順序

快速記憶）

2.48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)：20個(gè)元音組合，28個(gè)輔音組合。重點(diǎn)辨別相似發(fā)音的元音

組合。如：[?] a China breakfast [e] ea head bread [ei] a name cake 二．十大詞類

（一）名詞

a.專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞指個(gè)別的人，事物，地點(diǎn)等專有的名稱，如China, Gina.普通名詞如table, chair.b.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如an apple，two apples.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如milk, bread, rice.[重點(diǎn)]可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變形：有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種 規(guī)則變化：

1一般情況直接在詞尾加 “-s”, 如: bag-bags, day-days, boy-boys, key-keys等。○

2以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的單詞，要在詞尾加 “-es”, 如: bus-buses, watch-watches, ○

box-boxes等。

3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，要變y為i再加 “-es”, 如：baby-babies, ○

country-countries, family-families等。

4部分以f(e)結(jié)尾的單詞，要變f(e)為“ves”, 如：knife-knives, half-halves等?！?/p>

順口溜：小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)，為了自己(self)保命(life)，站到架子上(shelf)，用樹葉(leaf)做的小刀(knife)，將狼(wolf)劈成了兩半(half)5以字母“o”結(jié)尾的單詞，沒有生命的加“-s”,有生命的加“-es”,如：○ zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes.口訣：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)愛在火山(volcano)吃土豆(potato)西紅柿(tomato)不規(guī)則變化：

1改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母：○man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等。

2單、復(fù)同形：sheep-sheep, fish-fish,cattle-cattle,deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等?！?/p>

3其他形式如: mouse-mice, child-children,person-people,ox-oxen等.4、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)，但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞 例：abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery機(jī)械;news;scenery風(fēng)景;sugar;traffic交通

5、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多

例：bellows風(fēng)箱;clothes;police;shorts短褲;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼鏡;shears大剪刀 trousers長褲;wages工資

名詞所有格：表示所屬關(guān)系

1.單數(shù)名詞詞尾直接加’s, 復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s的也要加’s, 如the boy’s bag 男孩的書包 men’s room 男廁所 Children’s Day 兒童節(jié)

2.若是復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾有s，只加“ ’”, 如：Teachers’ Day 教師節(jié) 3.如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有’s，則表示“分別有”；只有一個(gè)’s，則表示“共有”，如：John’s and Mary’s room(兩間)John and Mary’s room(一間)

（二）冠詞

1.定冠詞the：特指某(些)人或某(些)物，如The blue shirt is mine.藍(lán)襯衫是我的。

2.不定冠詞a/an: 用來表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量, 其中an放在元音字母開頭的名詞

前面，如 an apple, an orange.3.零冠詞: 不用冠詞的情況。在專有名詞，不可數(shù)名詞，學(xué)科名稱，三餐和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱前不用冠詞，如：Tian’an Men Square天安門廣場

（三）代詞（人稱、物主、反身代詞）

物主代詞：包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。前者用法相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可單獨(dú)使用，如：--Who’s book is this?--It is mine.后者用法相當(dāng)于形容詞，在句中不可單獨(dú)使用，如 It is my book.反身代詞：表示“自己”，“本身”。

指示代詞

（四）數(shù)詞

1.基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的多少

2.序數(shù)詞：表示事物的先后順序，往往與冠詞the連用

基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣： 一、二、三，單獨(dú)記；八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，整十基數(shù)變序數(shù)，先把ty變成tie；要是遇到兩位數(shù)，十位基數(shù)個(gè)位序，th最后加上去。

口訣解析：one→first，two→second，three→third這三個(gè)詞變化特殊，要單獨(dú)記；eight→eighth，nine→ninth，八去t，九去e后再加-th； five→fifth，twelve→twelfth，五和十二把ve換成f再加-th；twenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth...整十先把詞尾y改為ie再加-th。兩位數(shù)時(shí)則十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個(gè)位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，如：twenty-first。

注：four→fourteen→forty（基數(shù)詞）fourth→fourteenth→fortieth（序數(shù)詞）

三．時(shí)態(tài)：

（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

a.表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)b.表示事實(shí)或客觀真理。結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）的用法

記憶口訣： “我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”；單數(shù)全都用is，復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are.句子轉(zhuǎn)換：當(dāng)句子中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, could等等)提到主語的前面變成一般疑問句；在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not變成否定句

陳述句：She is a student.一般疑問： Is she a student? 否定句：She is not a student.2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do（除第三人稱單數(shù)外，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形）句子轉(zhuǎn)換：當(dāng)句子中既沒有be動(dòng)詞，也沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則在主語前加助動(dòng)詞do(I, you, we, they), does（單數(shù)she, he, it）變成一般疑問句；在主語后謂語動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t（I, you, we, they), doesn’t（單數(shù)she, he, it）變成否定句，助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)詞原形.陳述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑問句：Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句：We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.【重點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)（三單）的規(guī)則變化 1.一般在詞尾加-s，如: looks, puts, reads, sees等。

2.以-o,-s,-x,-sh,-ch結(jié)尾的加-es，如: goes, does, watches, teaches 3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加-es.注：若是元音字母加y，則直接加-s。如：fly → flies, try → tries, fry → fries, copy → copies

buy → buys, enjoy → enjoys, play → plays, say → says, pay → pays 總結(jié)：三單的變化規(guī)律與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的（前三種）變化規(guī)律相似。

（二）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

1.表示現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時(shí)此刻”。如：He is reading.They are talking now.2.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：They are working on a farm these days.3.結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞be（am/is/are）+V-ing V-ing形式構(gòu)成：

1.一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ing，如go→going look→looking watch→watching

2.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e，再加-ing.如write→writing take→taking

3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫再加ing，如run→running shop→shopping get→getting sit→sitting

（三）一般過去時(shí)：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；或過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為（used to）；

1.句子轉(zhuǎn)換口訣：一般過去并不難，表示過去(動(dòng)作、狀態(tài))記心間。動(dòng)詞要用過去式，時(shí)間狀語句末站。

如果動(dòng)詞是Be動(dòng)詞（was/were）,構(gòu)成主系表的結(jié)構(gòu)。

如果動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或除be動(dòng)詞以外的其它連系動(dòng)詞，需要將句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去時(shí)

否定句很簡單，didn't動(dòng)詞(原形)前，其它部分不要變。疑問句也好變，did放在句子前，其它部分依次站。

陳述句He(she, it)worked 疑問句Did he(she, it)work? 否定句He(she, it)did not work 2.表過去的時(shí)間狀語

如：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month, 具體時(shí)間)，just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前)3.動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則： 規(guī)則變化：

a.一般情況直接加ed，如：work→worked look→looked

b.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，加-d，如：live →lived hope →hoped c.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed, 如：study→ studied d.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，要雙寫最后的輔音字母加-ed，如： stop→ stopped plan→planned

特別提示：

1.在清輔音后讀／t ／ 如：helped stopped 2.在元音或輔音后讀／d ／ 如： stayed agreed 3.在輔音／t ／，／d ／后讀／id／ 如： wanted needed

不規(guī)則變化 ：過去時(shí)和原形相同，如：cut→cut read→read

四．There be句型結(jié)構(gòu)

1.結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致。There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時(shí)表示某地或某時(shí)存在某事或某人。句子的結(jié)尾往往帶有地點(diǎn)狀語或時(shí)間狀語。其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，本身沒有詞意，be是謂語動(dòng) 詞，be后面的名詞是主語。be的數(shù)與后面的名詞一致，若be后是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的名詞，be則與靠得最近的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)一致。如 There was a meeting yesterday.昨天有個(gè)會(huì)議

比較：

There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支鋼筆、兩本書和好些鉛筆。

There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk 2．there be的否定、疑問及其回答式

(1)否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：

There are not any boats on the river.河上沒有船。(2)疑問句：把be移到there之前。如：

Were there many boats on this river? 過去這條河上有許多船嗎？ 回答：Yes, there were./ No, there weren’t.五．句子種類

（一）陳述句

陳述句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：

陳述句的否定式主要用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)：

（1）句子的謂語動(dòng)詞為be , have 或者謂語動(dòng)詞有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語+謂語動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 其他成分

I am not a teacher.我不是老師。

We have not(haven`t)any books on animals.我們沒有任何有關(guān)動(dòng)物方面的書。

The children are not(aren`t)playing in the playground.孩子們沒在操場上玩。

He will not(won`t)come.他不會(huì)來。

We must not(mustn`t)forget the past.我們不能忘記過去。It could not(couldn`t)be lost.它不可能丟的。

（2）當(dāng)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是do(即行為動(dòng)詞)，而且沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+do(does,did)+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他成分

You do not(don`t)come here every day.你沒有每天都來這里。He does not(doesn`t)teach this class.他不教這個(gè)班。

They did not(didn`t)watch TV last night.昨晚他們沒看電視。注意：陳述句的語調(diào)一般用降調(diào)。但在表示疑問的語氣時(shí)，用升調(diào)，在書面上要用問號(hào)來表示。

You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港嗎？

這句話表示的是一種疑問，只不過是通過陳述的語序和疑問的語氣來表達(dá)的

（二）疑問句

疑問句是用來提出疑問的句子，句末用問號(hào)―？‖。常考的疑問句有四類，即：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。

第一節(jié) 一般疑問句

一般疑問句通常需要用yes 或no 來回答，所以又叫做―是非疑問句。在讀這種句子時(shí) 要用升調(diào)。一般疑問句主要有以下幾種類型：

1、―be + 主語 + 表語‖結(jié)構(gòu)

— Are you sleepy ? 你困了嗎？ — Yes, I am.是的，我困了。

3、―情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語言+ 行為動(dòng)詞（或be）‖結(jié)構(gòu)

— May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用這部電話嗎？ — Yes, you can.是的，可以。

5、―助動(dòng)詞（do, does, did）+ 主語 + 行為動(dòng)詞‖結(jié)構(gòu)

— Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜歡夏天游泳嗎？ — No, I don`t.不，我不喜歡。難點(diǎn)提示

回答否定性一般疑問句時(shí)，要在Yes 后面用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示否定。注意在說法上正好與漢語習(xí)慣相反。訣竅是在回答的時(shí)候，只要把它當(dāng)成沒有加否定形式的普通一般疑問句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。

— Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥嗎？

—Yes, he is.不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not.是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。— Isn`t she very clever? 她難道不是很聰明嗎？

— Yes, she is.不，她很聰明。— No, she is not.是，她不聰明。第二節(jié) 特殊疑問句

一、特殊疑問句是用來提出來特定問題的疑問句，要求聽到問題的人針對(duì)特定情況來做具體的回答不能用Yes或No來回答的問句，句尾讀降調(diào)。(由五個(gè)W一個(gè)H來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句)

二、特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)： 特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句

Who do English homework in the evening?誰晚上做英語家庭作業(yè)？ What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？

What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作業(yè)？ When do you do English homework?你什么時(shí)候做英語家庭作業(yè)？

三、注意：

對(duì)人提問時(shí)who―誰‖

對(duì)所屬（誰的）提問用whose―誰的‖ 對(duì)哪一個(gè)提問用which―哪一個(gè)‖

對(duì)時(shí)間提問用when―什么時(shí)候‖或what time―幾點(diǎn)‖ 對(duì)物體提問用what―什么‖ 對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問用where―哪里‖ 對(duì)原因提問用why―為什么‖ 對(duì)方式提問用how―怎么樣‖

對(duì)數(shù)量提問用how many―多少‖（用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）或how much―多少‖（用于不可數(shù)名詞）

四、難點(diǎn)提示

1、以why開頭的特殊疑問句否定形式常用于表示建議、請(qǐng)求等。Why don`t you have a try? 你為什么不試試呢？

2、特殊疑問句常用到一些縮略形式，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要注意習(xí)慣這些用法。

I don`t want to go there.How about you? 我不想去那兒，你呢？ But what else? 可是還有什么呢？

（三）祈使句：表命令、警告、提醒、建議、請(qǐng)求、叮囑、號(hào)召等，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。主語you通常省略，句末用嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)?？隙ㄊ揭詣?dòng)詞原形開頭，否定式在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t.如： Don’t arrive late for class.Practice the guitar every day.為了表示禮貌，常在句首或者句末加please，在句末以“，”隔開。如：come in，please.Please call me!Let’s祈使句: 包括聽話者本人在內(nèi)，表示建議。如：Let’s go home.我們回家吧！

（四）感嘆句

感嘆句是表達(dá)喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚奇、驚訝等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。感嘆句通常由 what 或 how 引導(dǎo)?！皐hat”和“how”與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語序。

打油詩一首

或what an 形后若是不可數(shù)或名復(fù)數(shù) 只用what就可以 形容詞后亂糟糟 只寫how就OK了

六．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒，態(tài)度或語氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。

can的基本用法：

1.表示能力。I can speak English.我會(huì)講英語。

2.表示許可。You can play football on weekends.你可以在周末踢足球。

3.表示請(qǐng)求。Can you help me? 你能幫助我嗎？

must表示“必須”。You must read a book before you watch TV.have to表示“不得不”，“必須”，如We have to be quiet in the library.二者區(qū)別：

1.must表示說話人主觀的看法，have to往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如：I must go.It is a little late and I have to go now.2.否定意義不同：mustn’t 表示“禁止”，而don’t have to 表示“不必”。You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.3.must 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但have to有 I/You/They must do it now.She has to finish her homework today.八．介詞

介詞是一種虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能擔(dān)任句子成分。

1.表示時(shí)間的介詞at，in，on A.at：用于表示時(shí)刻、時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)

at 6 o’clock 在6點(diǎn) at lunch在午飯時(shí) at breakfast早餐時(shí) at noon正午時(shí) at that time那時(shí)

B.on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具體的某一天，一律用on）

on Monday在周一 on Tuesday morning在周二早上 on June 6 在6月6日

C.in用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)）in the afternoon在下午 in the week在這周 in the holiday在假期中

D.for 后面跟一段時(shí)間： for two days/hours 2.表示場所、方向的介詞at，in，on A.at在某地（表示比較狹窄的場所, 小地方）at school上學(xué) at home在家

B.on在...上面，有接觸面 on the desk 在桌子上面 on the map在地圖上

C.in表示一個(gè)范圍（大地方）in Beijing/China in the water 3.固定搭配

By+交通工具 by bus/ train/plane/bike/subway 重點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞和介詞的連用，如：

arrive at/in 到達(dá) ask for 請(qǐng)求 get off 下車 listen to 聽

help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事 talk about 談?wù)?look at 看；注視

附： 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法： 當(dāng)兩種物體之間相互比較時(shí)，我們要用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)； 當(dāng)相互比較的物體是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上時(shí)，我們就要用形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)。

※形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)律： 1.單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞后面直接加-er或-est tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest 2.以-e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞直接加-r或-st large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest 3.以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞，改-y為-i再加-er或-est busy—busier—busiest early—earlier—earliest 4.形容詞或副詞是重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí)，雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加-er或-est hot—hotter—hottest big—bigger—biggest 5.多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞前面直接加more或most delicious—more delicious—most delicious beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful 6.不規(guī)則變化

good(well)—better—best bad(badly)—worse—worst many(much)-more-most little-less-least ⑥.1、比較級(jí)+than從句表示兩者比較（A … 比較級(jí)+than B）①.他比我高。He is ________(tall)than me.②.他的頭發(fā)比我的短。His hair is ________(short)than _________.He has ________(short)hair than ________.③.Tom比我胖。Tom is _____(fat)than me.④.誰跑得快些，Lucy 還是Lily？ Who runs _________, Lucy or Lily? ⑤.英語比語文重要。English is _______________(important)than Chinese.⑥.我來的比你晚。I come _______(late)than you.⑦.他比你小2歲。He’s 2 years _________ than you.⒉ 表示兩者“相等”用，as+形容詞原級(jí)+比較對(duì)象:(A … as 原級(jí) B)①他和我一樣高。He is as ________(tall)as I/me.②英語比語文重要。English is as _______________(important)as Chinese.③他的頭發(fā)和我的頭發(fā)一樣長。His hair is ________ ________ _______ mine.④他學(xué)習(xí)和你一樣努力。He works _______ hard ______ you.⒊ 表示“不如”，“不相等”時(shí)，用“not+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象”。

①他沒我高。He is ______ ________(tall)as me.②今天沒有昨天暖和。Today is ______ _______ _______(warm)_______ yesterday.=Yesterday ______ ________ than today.③他昨天來得沒有我早。He _________ come ________ early as I(did)yesterday.比較級(jí)前可用much / a lot / far(… 得多)，a little（稍微）,still, no, even（甚至）, any 等表示程度；

形容詞、副詞前如有：very, too, quite（非常）, rather（相當(dāng)）等修飾，一般用原級(jí)。比較： He is much ___________(well)today.It’s much ____________(expensive).He is very __________(well)today.It’s too ___________(expensive)△⒋“比較級(jí) +and+ 比較級(jí)”表示“越來越…”

天氣越來越冷了。It’s getting ______ and _______(cold)△⒌ “The+ 比較級(jí)…，the+ 比較級(jí)…”表示“越…，就越… 越多越好 The ________, the _______.△⒍ “用twice 等表示倍數(shù)的詞+ as +原級(jí)＋as…”表示甲是乙的幾倍。這間房是那間房的兩倍。This room is _______ as big as that one.Ⅲ.形容詞最高級(jí)的用法： 表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比較,其中有一個(gè)超過其他幾個(gè)。形容詞最高級(jí)前要加the，后面通常帶of（in）短語來說明比較的范圍（of 后的名詞或代詞表示與主語屬同一類；in 表示時(shí)間或空間范圍）。

①在我們班上他最高。He is __________(tall)_____ our class.②瑪麗是這三個(gè)學(xué)生中最小的。

Mary is __________(young)______ the three students.主謂一致

主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致 一 單項(xiàng)選擇：

1.Eating vegetables______ good for our health.A.is B.are C.were D.was 2.More than one person _______ made the suggestion.A.was B.has C.were D.have 3.I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam ______ easy.A.two thirds;is B.second three;are C.two thirds;are D.two third;are 4.Neither you nor Lin Hua _______ to the Great Wall before.A.had been B.has gone C.has been D.have been 5.The writer and teacher ______ coming now.A.is B.are C.has D.have 6.Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.A.has B.have C.is D.are 7.Nothing but grass and trees _______ the hill.A.covers B.cover C.covering D.are covering 8.Physics ______ more interesting than Maths, I think.A.are B.is C.was D.were 9.Each student and each teacher ______ to see the film.A.go B.wish C.are D.wants 10.Either Tom or I ______ to blame.A.to be B.am C.are D.is 11.There ______ a desk, two beds and four chairs in the room.A.is B.are C.has D.have 12.Lucy, together with her two brothers, often _______ to the park on Sundays.A.go B.goes C.are going D.is going 13.There ______ a pair of shoes on the floor.The shoes______ mine.A.are;is B.is;is C.is;are D.are;are 14.None of that money on the table ______ mine.A.is B.are C.been D.have 15.— Could you get me a piano, Mum? —There ______ enough room for one in our home.A.is B.are C.isn’t D.aren’t

16.The family I am staying with _______ very friendly.A.is B.are C.was D.were 17.Our team ______ the World Cup!A.has won B.have won C.are won D.is won 18.Our country _______ great changes in the last 30 years.A.experience B.experiences C.has experienced D.experiencing 19.The police _______ having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday.A.is B.are C.was D.were 20.The number of people invited _____ 50, but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 21.A library with 5000 books _____ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 22.I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.A.is B.was C.at is D.at was 23.On the wall ______ two large portraits(肖像).A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.are hung 24.All that can be done ________.A.has been done B.has done C.have done D.were done 25.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is 26.I have finished a large part of the book;the rest ______ more difficult.A.is B.are C.was D.were 27.The wounded(傷員)_______ by the hospital.A.has taken in B.has been taken in C.have taken in D.have been taken in 28.The following _______ some other examples.A.are B.is C.was D.were 29.The whole class _______ the teacher attentively(認(rèn)真地).A.are listening B.is listening to C.are listening to D.is listening 30.―All _______ present and all _______ going on well,‖ our manager said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are 31.The rich ________ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have 32.He is the very thief that the police ________.A.is after B.is looking C.are after D.are looking 33.The third and last chapter(章節(jié))_______ by Professor Chen.A.are written B.are writing C.is written D.is writing 34.One third of the students in our school _______ girl students.A.is B.are C.was D.were 35.Many a writer of newspaper articles ________ to writing novels.A.has turned B.have turned C.being turned D.are going to turn 36.None of your projects ________.A.working out B.work out C.is worked out D.worked out 37.Going to bed early and getting up early _______ a good habit.A.is B.are C.were D.was 38.I don’t think one hundered dollars _______ a big sum of monny to him.A.will be B.would be C.is D.are 39.Neither of your suggestions ________ sense.(make sense:有意義；說得通)A.makes B.make C.is made D.are made 40.Your trousers _______ dirty;you must have ______ washed.A.is;it B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them 二 用所給詞的正確形式填空: 1.______(be)everything OK? 2.Nobody _______(know)the answers to the question.3.Ten divided by two ________(be)five.4.Most of the drinking water _______(be)from the Black River.5.Not only she but also I _______(do)morning exercises every day.6.Either you or he ______(have)made a wrong decision.7.The family _______(be)spending the weekend together.8.Bread and butter ______(be)her daily breakfast.9.The police _______(be)trying to catch the thief.10.The number of the teachers in the school ______(be)120.