第一篇:八年級上冊英語語法、短語和知識點總結
八年級上冊英語語法、短語和知識點總結 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 本單元的話題:談論假期活動內容,復習一般過去時。
本單元的語法:1.復習一般過去時;2.學習不定代詞和不定副詞的用法。2.不定代詞和不定副詞的用法:
(1)左邊的some、any、every、no與右邊的body、one、thing構成不定代詞,some、any、every、no與右邊的疑問副詞where構成不定副詞;
(2)一般情況下以some開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于肯定句,以any開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于否定句、疑問句;以no開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞表示否定含義(no one為兩個單詞);(3)不定代詞或不定副詞和形容詞連用時,形容詞放在后面。He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容詞important放后)Did you buy anything special?(一般疑問句用anything,形容詞special放后)Did you go anywhere interesting?上個月你去令人感興趣的地方了嗎?(一般疑問句用不定副詞anywhere,形容詞interesting放后)(4)不定代詞和不定副詞做主語時,后面的動詞用單數形式。Everyone is here today.今天每個人都在這里。本單元的短語和知識點:
1.go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/進山
2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館
go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 3.study for tests為考試而學習備考 go out出去 4.quite a few相當多,不少(后跟可數名詞復數)
take photos照相 most of the time大部分時間 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth為某人買某物
6.taste good.嘗起來很好 taste(嘗起來)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)為感官動詞,后跟形容詞 7.have a goodgreatfun time過得高興,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself)8.go shopping去購物 9.nothing……but……+動詞原形:除了……之外什么都沒有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了讀書無事可做。
10.seem to do sth:好像……I seem to know him.我好像認識他。It seems that……/It seemed that……好像 seem+(to be)+形容詞:看起來?The work seems(to be)easy.這工作看起來很容易。11.keep a diary記日記
12arrive in+ 大地方:達到某地(get to +地方:達到某地)arrive in+ 小地方:達到某地(get的過去式為got)若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三個地點副詞,后面的介詞inatto必須去掉。Tom got home yesterday 昨晚湯姆到家。
13.decide to do sth:決定做某事 14.try doing sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事 15.feel like給?的感覺;感受到 16.in the past 在過去 walk around四處走走
enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事 difference(名詞,差異,差別)----different(形容詞,不同的)18.start doing sth:開始做某事(= start to do sth)
19.over an hour一個多小時(over超過,多余 = more than)
20.too many 太多,后接可數名詞復數。too much 太多,后跟不可數名詞,修飾動詞作狀語。much too 太,后跟形容詞或副詞,分辨三者的口訣: too much, much too, 用法區別看后頭:much 后接不可數,too 后修飾形或副。too many 要記住,后面名詞必復數。
21.because of 因為,后跟短語 because因為,后跟句子。
He was late for school because of getting up late.他因為起晚而上學遲到。(get為動詞)
= He was late for school because he got up late.22.enough(足夠的)與名詞連用,一般放在名詞前He has enough money.23.enough(足夠的)與形容詞或副詞連用,enough放在后面。24.forget doing sth忘記已經做過某事(已經做完)
forget to do sth忘記去做某事(還未做)(forget的過去式為forgot)
25.so+形容詞+that+句子:如此……以至于…… tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事 27 go on 繼續 28 keep doing sth 保持做某事。
Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 本單元的話題:談論生活習慣,復習一般現在時。
本單元的語法:1.復習一般現在時;2.學習表示頻率副詞的用法。主要頻率副詞的等級排序:
always(總是)> usually(通常)> often(經常)> sometimes(有時)> hardly ever(很少)> never(從不)這些副詞在句子中的位置,一般放在助動詞、be動詞或情態動詞之后,行為動詞之前。即:“行” 前“助(系)”后。Peter is always late for school.Peter上學總是遲到。I usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作業。
提問 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞,用 How often 提問。
I watch TV every day.我每天都看電視→How often do you watch TV?(你多久看一次電視?)本單元的短語和知識點:
1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看電影 help with housework幫助做家務 how often多久一次
hardly ever幾乎從不
2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周兩次 every day每天 use the Internet用互聯網 be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空嗎?
4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早點睡覺play sports進行體育活動
5.after school 放學后 6.want sth:需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新鋼筆。want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放學后他想去看電視。want sb to do sth:讓某人做某事 My mother wants me to get up early.媽媽讓我早起。7.be good for對……有好處 be bad for 對……有害處 8.play computer games打電子游戲 go camping去野營
9.ask sb about sth:問某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母經常問我的學習情況。
10.in one’s spare time在某人業余時間He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13,2b)”數字+percent of+名詞”做主語時,后面的單詞取決于名詞的情況。若名詞為復數,后面的動詞用復數形式;若名詞為單數或不可數名詞,后面的動詞用單數形式。
In our class ,twenty of students are boys.Thirty of water is dirty.12.not……at all:一點兒也不(not構成否定句)I don’t like the movie at all.13.go online上網=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名詞:……的答案 16.the(best)way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English.學習英語的最好方法是說英語.17.such as比如(后跟名詞或名詞短語)for example 例如(后跟句子)
He likes fruits, such as apples, bananas and so on.他喜歡水果,例如蘋果、香蕉等。He has some good ways to study English, for example , he often listens to tapes.19.more than(=over)超過,多余 20.go to the dentist去看牙醫
Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.本單元的話題:談論事物對比,學習形容詞比較級。本單元的語法:學習形容詞比較級。(語法:見課本第113頁至115頁)本單元的短語和知識點:
1.play+the +樂器 play the drums打鼓 2.play +球類 play basketball打籃球 3.both……and……兩者都(后面的動詞用復數形式)Both Tom and Jim are students.4.be good at+名詞代詞V ing:擅長,在某方面做得好5.do well in 6.be like:像……The books are like friends.書像朋友。
7.make friends(with sb):(和某人)交朋友 8.enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事
9.be different from與?不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟與我不一樣。10.help sb(to)do sth:幫助某人做某事
常與help sb with sth(在某方面幫助某人)互換 He often helps me(to)learn English.他經常幫助我學習英語。= He often helps me with my English.他經常在英語方面幫助我。help(to)do sth:幫助做某事He often helps(to)cook at home.他經常在家幫助做飯。13.be good with sb:與某人相處很好 14.information(n.消息,信息)不可數名詞
Unit 4 What's the best movie theater? 本單元的話題:談論事物對比,學習形容詞和副詞的最高級。本單元的語法:學習形容詞和副詞的最高級。本單元的短語和知識點:
1.welcome to+地點:歡迎來到某地 Welcome to our school.歡迎來我校。2.What do you think of sth? =How dou you like sth?你認為...怎么樣? 3.watch sb do sth:看見某人做了某事(= see sb do sth)4.比較級別 +and+比較級:越來越……(若比較級為more+形容詞原級,則為:more and more形容詞原級)The buildings are taller and taller.Our school is getting more and more beautiful.5.around the world全世界=all over the world, 6.such as 例如
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? 本單元的話題:談論自己對天使節目或電影的喜好,學會表達自己的感受。本單元的語法:復習一般現在時。本單元的短語和知識點:
1.What do you think of sth ? =How do you like sth?你認為……怎么樣?
What do you think of the movie? 你認為這部電影怎么樣? It is boring.很無聊。
2.mind doing sth:介意做某事 3.news(不可數名詞,消息,信息)a piece of good news一條好消息 4.learn(sth)from sb:向某人學習(某物)5.plan to do sth:計劃做某事(plan的過去式planned,現在分詞planning)6.hope to do sth:希望做某事 7.favorite(形容詞,最喜愛的)= 8.like……best My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜歡的節目是談話節目。=I like talk shows best.9.expect to do sth:期待做某事 10.think of認為,想起He often thinks of his teachers.11.in the 1930s:在二十世紀三十年代(1930年至1939年)
12.one of +可數名詞復數:?之一(該短語放在句首做主語時,后面的動詞用單數形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.這些學生中一個人有英語字典。13.a symbol of ……一個……的象征
14.luck(名詞,幸運,運氣)—lucky(形容詞,幸運的)--unlucky(形容詞,不幸的)15.be ready to do sth樂意做某事 16.try one's best(to do sth):盡力(做某事)17.come out 出現 18 dress up 喬裝打扮 19 not so ……as 不如……
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.本單元的話題:談論自己將來的計劃或打算。
本單元的語法:學習一般將來時be going to do sth。本單元的短語和知識點:
1.詞性轉換:science(名詞,科學)—scientist(名詞,科學家)
violin(名詞,小提琴)--violinist(名詞,小提琴家)piano(名詞,鋼琴)--pianist(名詞,鋼琴家)2.grow up成長,長大 3.be good at+名詞代詞動詞+ing:擅長?
He is good at math, but he isn’t good at speaking English.他擅長數學,但是不擅長說英語。4.keep on doing sth: 繼續做某事 5.be sure about:確信,對?有把握 His mother isn’t sure about his study.他的媽媽對他的學習沒有把握。
6.move to +地點:搬(家)到某地 7.take singingacting lessons上歌唱課上表演課=have singingacting lessons 8.send sb sth = send sth to sb寄送給某人某物
His grandfather often sends him money。= His grandfather often sends money to him.9.learn to do sth學會做某事
10.play the piano彈鋼琴 make the soccer team組建足球隊 get good grades取得好的成績
eat healthier food吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise進行大量鍛煉
11.foreign language外國語言 12.study hard努力學習most of the time大多數時間 14.get back from+地點:從?回來 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.15.at the beginning of 在?開始的時候, 16.write down寫下/記下,17.different kinds of不同種類的 have to do with關于,與……有關系,19.take up開始從事 20.too+形容詞+to do sth:太……以至于不能? so+形容詞+that+句子:如此?以至于?
形容詞+enough to do sth:足夠?能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互相轉換)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年輕以至于不能去上學。= He is too young to go to school.他太年輕了以至于不能去上學。= He isn′t old enough to go to school.22.make sb+形容詞:讓某人怎么樣
The good news made us happy.(注意:news為不可數名詞)
23.how to do better at school為“疑問詞+不定式”即“疑問詞+to do sth”
He didn’t know when to start.他不知道什么時候開始。24.go to university去上大學
Unit 7 Will people have robots? 本單元的話題:談論對未來的語言,學習一般將來時will do sth。本單元的語法:學習一般將來時will do sth。
一般將來時由“助動詞will / shall + 動詞原型”構成,表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示將來的時間狀語如tomorrow、next week,in 2 days(2天之后)等連用。)(will not= won’t)一般疑問句:把肯定句中的will 提到句首即可。以上兩句的一般疑問句為: Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.No, we won’t.否定句:把肯定句中的will 變為won’t即可。以上兩句的否定句為: We won’t visit the old man next week.She won’t finish the work in 2 weeks.本單元的短語和知識點:
1.There be結構:There be(is/are/was/were)+某物/某人+某地/某時 “There be結構”的一般現在時:There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時 There are 600 students in our school.在我們學校有600個學生。
一般過去時:There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某時 There was a school ten years ago.一般將來時:There will be+某物/某人+某地/某時.= There is going to be+某物/某人+某地/某時.There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meeting next week.下周將有場運動會。2.on computers在電腦上, on paper在紙上 3.a few有一些 +可數名詞復數 a little 有一點兒+不可數名詞
few 幾乎沒有(表示否定)+可數名詞復數 little幾乎沒有(表示否定)+不可數名詞
many很多,許多+可數名詞復數 much 很多,許多+不可數名詞 few 的比較級是fewer ,little的比較級是less
many 和much的比較級都是more There will be less polution in the future.在未來將會有更少的污染。(polution為不可數名詞)
We should plant more trees.我們應該種更多的樹。(tree為可數名詞)There will be fewer cars in the future.在未來將會有更少的汽車。(car為可數名詞)4.in(great)danger在(極度)危險中on the earth在地球上save the earth拯救地球 6.in+一段時間:在…..之后(多用于一般將來時)
He will come back in 2 days.兩天之后他將回來。→How soon will he come back?多久之后他將回來? How soon(譯為多久以后)提問的句型用 in 來回答。
How long(譯為多久)提問的句型用for(譯為持續)來回答。
句型 There isare sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。There is a cat eating fish.hundreds of+名詞:成百上千的…..,許多?(表示模糊數字)數字+ hundred +名詞:幾百…..(表示具體數字)
He has hundreds of book.他有很多書。He bought two hundred books.他買了二百本書。12.at some point: 在某些方面 free time空閑時間 in one’s free time在某人空閑時間
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 本單元的話題:描述做事情的順序和過程。(First首先,Next下面,Then然后,Finally最后)本單元的語法:復習一般現在時。
本單元的短語和知識點:
turn on打開turn up調大turn off關上turn down調小
how many多少+可數名詞復數:how much多少+不可數名詞:
He has eight books.他有八本書。→How many books does he have? 他有多少本書? 3.量詞的用法:不可數名詞常用“數字+量詞+不可數名詞”來表示。如:
a piece of bread一片面包 比較:two pieces of bread兩片面包(bread為不可數名詞)
a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁 one spoon of butter 一勺黃油
5.one more thing = another one thing.基數詞 + more + 名詞 = another + 基數詞 + 名詞:又多少某物.He ate an apple, he wanted to eat two more apples.7.It’s time(for sb)to do sth是某人該做某事的時間了。
It’s time for us to have lunch.It’s time for sth是該做某事的時間了。It’s time for class.是該上課的時候了。
Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 本單元的話題:學會發出、接受或拒絕邀請。本單元的語法:復習情態動詞。本單元的短語和知識點:
1.on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午,在具體哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on.2.have to 必須(后跟動詞原形)
He has to get up early.他必須早起。→(一般疑問句)Does he get up early? Yes,he does.No,he doesn’t.(否定句)He doesn’t have to get up early.他沒有必要早起。想要某物 Jim would like a new pen.would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事
He’d like to watch TV.Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做...?(用來提出建議或征求對方意見)------would you like to go shopping with me ? 你想和我一起去買東西嗎?------Yes,I’d love to,but I’m doing my homework.我想去,但是我現在正在做家庭作業。(=Sorry, I’m doing my homework.非常抱歉,我正在做家庭作業。)5.prepare for sth為?做準備 go to the doctor去看病have the flu 患流感help my parents給父母幫忙 have an exam考試
6.until 的用法:<1>若動詞為延續性動詞則用肯定句式 He studied until 21:00pm.他一直學習到晚上九點。
<2>若動詞為非延續性動詞,則用not…..until…..(直到…..才…..)
He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.他一直到他爸爸回來才上床睡覺。10.study for a math test為數學考試做準備go to the party參加聚會
11.What’s today? 今天幾號?It’s Monday, the 14.今天星期一,十四號。補充:What day is it today?今天星期幾? It’s Monday今天星期一。
What’s the date today? 今天幾月幾日?It’s October 20.今天10月20日。12.go to the doctor去看病 have a piano lesson上鋼琴課 13.look after 照看,照料 = take care of She is old enough to look after his brother她足夠大了能夠照看她的弟弟。take good care of =look after…..well好好照顧,好好照料 We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children well.感嘆句的類型: ⑴ What a∕an+adj+可數名詞單數(+主語+謂語)!What +adj+可數名詞復數∕不可數名詞(+主語+謂語)!
What a fine day(it is)!多么好的天啊!(day為可數名詞單數)What an interesting book it is!多么有趣的一本書啊!(book為可數名詞單數)
What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊!(flowers為可數名詞復數)
What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天氣啊!(weather為不可數名詞)
⑵ How +adj +主語+(謂語中的)系動詞!How +adv +主語+(謂語中的)實義動詞!How happy I am!我多麼高興啊!(happy為adj,am為系動詞)How hard they are working!他們工作多么努力啊!(hard為adv,work為實義動詞)點撥:陳述句改為感嘆句,可以采用“一判、二定、三移”。一判:是判斷出陳述句謂語動詞后的中心詞的詞性(adj∕adv∕n);
二定:是根據判斷出來的結果來確定引導詞(中心詞為名詞用What;中心詞為形容詞或副詞用How;)三移:就是把主語和謂語移到后面。
注意:在感嘆句中,不得出現so, very,very much等表示程度的單詞。例如:①Our school is beautiful.一判:beautiful為形容詞;二定:beautiful為形容詞,用How 來引導;三移:把Our school is 移到How beautiful后面,即為感嘆句How beautiful our school is!②He is a clever boy.一判:boy為名詞;二定:boy為名詞,用What來引導;三移:把He is移到What a clever boy 后 面,即為感嘆句What a clever boy he is!③He studies English well.一判:well為副詞;二定:well為副詞,用How 來引導;三移:把He studies移到How well后 面,即為感嘆句How well he studies!練習:將下列句子變為感嘆句。①The room is very bright.② We live a happy life today.③It is a nice present.④This is difficult problem.⑤She played the piano wonderfully.16.)the(best)way to do sth:做某事的(最好)方法 17.thanks for+名詞V?ing:為…..而感謝
18.take a trip參加郊游,at the end of this month在本月底
19.go back to+地點:回到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.兩天后他將回北京。20.have a surprise party for sb為某人舉辦一個驚喜的晚會
21.without+名詞代詞 V?ing:沒有? He can’t finish the work without our help.(help為名詞)
He went to school without having breakfast.他沒有吃早飯就去上學。(have為動詞)24.look forward to +名詞代詞V.ing:期待,盼望
25.hear(d)from sb.收到某人的來信 = receiv(ed)a letter from sb.27.the opening of…..:開幕/開業 28.在具體哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比較: in the morning在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天的早晨 29.invite sb to +地點:邀 請某人去某地(invite--invitation)invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
31.reply to sth / sb:回答某事/回答某人 go shopping 購物,do homework做家庭作業
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!本單元的話題:談論事情可能的結果。
本單元的語法:在條件狀語從句中,用一般現在時表示將來——即主將從現。從句(一般現在時)(主句一般將來時)解釋:在條件狀語從句,時間狀語從句中,若主句用一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時表示將來-------簡稱主將從現
If it is fine tomorrow, I’ll visit Shanghai 區分:賓語從句若主句為一般現在時,從句可以根據需要用任何時態 我認為我在兩天內將完成這項工作。主句(一般現在時)賓語從句
填空:I think she
(come)here tomorrow.If he
(come)here, I
(call)you.本單元的短語和知識點:
1.have a great /good time 玩的開心 stay at home呆在家里take the bus乘公交車,go to the party參加晚會 tomorrow night明天晚上 talk about sth談論某事
have a class party開班級晚會have a class meeting 開班會
6.plan to do sth計劃做某事They are planning to go shopping.他們正在計劃購物。7.(P74,2b).. 8.half the class 全班一半人,9.make some food 做食物
10.ask sb.to do sth 請某人做某事My parents often ask me to study hard.ask sb.not to do sth 請某人不要做某事 My techer often asks us not to be late.11.tell sb.to do sth 告訴某人做某事 tell sb.not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事 12.give sb some advice給某人建議/勸告(adivce為不可數名詞)13.travel around the world 周游世界, go to college 上大學,make(a lot of)money 掙錢, get an education接受教育,14.)work hard 努力工作,a soccer player 一個足球運動員
15.talk to sb.與某人談話,keep……to oneself 把?留給自己/獨處 保守秘密
16.have problems with sth:在某方面有困難 have problems(in)doing sth:做方面有困難(2個句型常常可以互換)She has problems with English.她在學習英語方面有困難。
= She has problems(in)learning English.她學習英語有困難。17.unless=if……not如果……不
Unless it is sunny tomorrow,I won’t go shopping.=If it isn’t sunny tomorrow, I won’t go shopping.18.be afraid to do sth:不敢做某事19.be afraid of sth:害怕某物
20.be angry with sb生某人的氣He is angry with his son.他在生他兒子的氣。21.be angry aboutat sth 因某事而生氣
He is angry aboutat his work.他因為工作生氣。
22.make mistakes犯錯誤 23.remember to do sth記著去做某事(事情還未做)remember doing sth記著已經做過某事(事情做完,但是還記著)
Please remember to close the door when you leave.當你離開的時候記著關上門。(門還未關).He remembered closing the door.他記著已經關上門了。(門已經關上)24.advise sb to do sth勸說某人做某事 advise sb doing建議提議做某事。25.It’s best(not)to do sth.最好(不要)做某事 solve a problem解決難題 26.run away from逃避Don’t run away from your problems.30.agree with sb:同意某人(的看法、意見、觀點等)31.worry about 擔心 =be worried about
第二篇:八年級上冊英語語法知識點總結
八年級上冊英語語法知識點總結
.Unit1:1.學習談論過去發生的事情,復習一般過去時態。一般過去時表示過去某個時間或某個時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態。.例如:Where did you go on vacation ?I went to New York..2
學習掌握不定代詞的用法:anyone something anything everything nothing no one 等等...unit2: 1.討論經常你經常做的事情,用how often 進行提問.例如:How often do you exercise? I exercise every day..2.學習掌握頻度副詞:always almost always usually often sometimes hardly ever seldom never...unit3: 1.學習形容詞和副詞的比較級規則,分為規則變化和不規則變化形容詞和副詞的比較級用法:表示兩者(人和事物)的比較。..規則變化:1.一般在此為加er.2.以字母e結尾的詞,在詞尾加r.3.重度閉音節詞詞尾只有一個輔音字母時,雙寫該輔音字母,再加er.4.以輔音字母加y結尾的雙音節詞,先把y改I 再加er.5.多音節和部分雙音節詞在詞前加more.不規則變化另外記憶。...Unit4: 1.學習形容詞和副詞的最高級規則,分為規則變化和不規則變化。.形容詞和副詞的最級用法:表示三者或三者以上(人和事物)的比較,其中有一個在某一方面超過其他幾個,后面用of /in 短語來說明比較的范圍。.規則變化:1.一般在此為加est.2.以字母e結尾的詞,在詞尾加st.3.重度閉音節詞詞尾只有一個輔音字母時,雙寫該輔音字母,再加est
.4.以輔音字母加y結尾的雙音節詞,先把y改I 再加est.5.多音節和部分雙音節詞在詞前加most.不規則變化另外記憶...Unit5:1.談論個人喜好,學會做計劃。.例如:what do you think of talk show.I can’t stand it.2.學習和掌握關于電視節目的單詞: talk show sitcomNews soap opera game show sports show talent show...。Unit 6 1.談論將來的打算,學會用be going to 結構的用法.Be going to 是一種固定結構,它后面接動詞原形,用來表示按計劃或安排要發生的動作,有時也可以表示推測將要發生或肯定會發生的動作,有“準備,打算”的意思。.例如I am going to study math really hard..2掌握詞組:have to do with make promise have …in common write downFor this reason take up...Unit 7 1學習一般將來時態。.一般將來時由“助動詞+動詞原形”構成,表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也可以表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如 tomorrow, next week ,next year ,in the future等。.例如:what will the future be like ?...Unit8: 1.學會描述步驟和方法,掌握關聯詞:first then next finally
.2.學會對可數名詞和不可數名詞的多少進行提問How much 對不可數名詞的多少進行提問How many 對可數名詞的多少進行提問...Unit9 1.學會邀請人參加活動和委婉拒絕別人的邀請和建議..例如:can you come to my party on Saturday?.Sure ,I ‘d love to.Sorry ,I must study for a math test..2.學會些邀請信和拒絕函。...Unit10: 1學習簡單的if 引導的條件狀語從句If條件狀語從句表示在某條件下,某事很可能發生,條件是可能存在的,主句中某種情況發生的概率也是很高的。.例如:if you ask him, he will help you..注意:.If從句用一般現在時,主句用一般將來時,簡稱“主將從現”。
..
第三篇:八年級上冊英語語法總結
八年級上冊英語語法總結
1)leave的用法
1.“leave+地點”表示“離開某地”。
例如:When did you leave Shanghai?你什么時候離開上海的?
2.“leave for+地點”表示“動身去某地”。
例如:Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.“leave+地點+for+地點”表示“離開某地去某地”。
例如:Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你為什么要離開上海去北京?
2)情態動詞should“應該”學會使用
should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有“竟會”的意思。例如:How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來得這么晚? should有時表示應當做或發生的事。
例如:We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1.用于表示“應該”或“不應該”的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:You should be here with clean hands.你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2.用于提出意見勸導別人。
例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。
3.用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:We should arrive by supper time.我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment.她隨時都可能來。
3)What...? 與 Which...? 1.what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。
如:What is your father?
= What does your father do?
=What is your father's job? 你父親是干什么的?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?---The boy behind Mary.瑪麗背后的那個男孩。
2.What...?是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:What color do you like best?(所有顏色)你最喜愛什么顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?(有特定的范圍)你最喜愛哪一種顏色? 3.what 與 which 后都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:Which pictures are from China?哪些圖片來自中國?
4)頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)usually(通常)
often(常常,經常)sometimes(有時候)
never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞后面。
如: David is often arrives late for school.大衛上學經常遲到。b放在行為動詞前。
如:We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經常在7:10去上學。c有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。
如:Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。d.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:Never have I been there.5)every day 與 everyday 1.every day 作狀語,譯為“每一天”。
如: We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天7:10去上學。
I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語。
2.everyday 作定語,譯為“日常的”。
如:She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?你的日常活動是什么? 6)什么是助動詞 1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞。
助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用。例如:He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a.表示時態,例如:He is singing.他在唱歌。
He has got married.他已結婚。
b.表示語態,例如:He was sent to England.他被派往英國。c.構成疑問句,例如:Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d.與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:I don't like him.我不喜歡他。a.加強語氣,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that.他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7)forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do 1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘記做過某事。
(已做)
The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off..辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.他忘記他已經關了燈了。(已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來。
(to come動作未做)
2.remember to do 記得去做某事
(未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事
(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學后去趟郵局。(未去)
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?(已做)8)It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages.對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me.你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞后面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for.如:You are nice.(通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard.(人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)9)對兩個句子的提問
例如:句子:The boy in blue has three pens.提問:1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens? 3.What does the boy in blue have? 4.How many pens does the boy in blue have? 10)so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如: He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如:It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。如: He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be結構中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結構中。如: We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如: Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下結構中:enjoy doing sth
樂于做某事
finish doing sth
完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事 need doing sth 需要做某事 prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 practice doing sth 練習做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 miss doing sth 錯過做某事
12)英語中的“單數”
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。
如: he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle 2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。
如: man(單數)---men(復數)banana(單數)---bananas(復數)3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13)名詞的復數構成的幾種形式
名詞復數的構成可分為規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
I 名詞復數的規則變化
1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。
如:pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks
tree---trees 2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x結尾的名詞,詞尾加-es。如:class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes 3.以字母-o結尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es。
如: potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes 4.以輔音字母加-y結尾的名詞,將-y變為-i,再加-es。如:family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe結尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變為-v,再加-es。如: half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:scarf---scarves(fes)roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs II 名詞復數的不規則變化
1.將-oo改為--ee。如: foot---feet tooth---teeth 2.將-man改為-men。如: man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen 3.添加詞尾。如:child---children 4.單復數同形。如:sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people 5.表示“某國人”的單、復數變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變,其它國把-s加后面”。
如:Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians 6.其它。如:mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers 14)肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞 1.some變為any。
如:There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.但是,若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中,some可以不變。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
與此相關的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進行相應變化。2.and變為or。
如:I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of(=lots of)變為many或much。如: They have a lot of friends.(可數名詞)
→They don't have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可數名詞)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.1.already變為yet。
如: I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.16)in與after in 與 after 都可以表示時間,但二者有所區別。
2.in 經常用于將來時的句子中,以現在為起點,表示將來一段時間。如: He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他會動身去北京。
3.after 經常用于過去時的句子中,以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間。如:He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他動身去了北京。4.不過,如果after后跟的是具體的時刻,它也可用于將來時。
如: We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十點后我們會完成工作的。5..注意區分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.一周后我會去拜訪他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.一周內我會去拜訪他兩次。17)不定冠詞a與an的使用 1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如: There is a “b” in the word “book”.單詞book中有個字母b。
類似的字母還有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。2.an 用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。
如: There is an “i” in the word “onion”.單詞onion中有個字母i。
類似的字母還有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
如: Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨傘嗎?
3.以元音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an;以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如:a useful book a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle an umbrella
an honest person 18)如何表達英語中的“穿、戴”?
英語中表示“穿、戴”的表達方法有好幾種,常見的有以下這些: 1.put on 主要表達“穿”的動作。
如: He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2.wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態。
如: The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。
3.dress 可作及物動詞,有“給......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如: Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物動詞,表示衣著的習慣。
如:The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。4.be in 表示穿著的狀態
。如:
John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。19)a little, a few 與 a bit(of)a little, a few 與 a bit(of)都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區別在哪里呢?
1.a little 意為“一些、少量”,后接不可數名詞。
如:
There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一點水。
還可以接形容詞。
如: He is a little shy.他有些害羞。
2.a few 意為“一些、少數”,后接復數的可數名詞。
如: There are a few people in the room.房間里有一些人。
3.a bit 意為“一點兒”,后接形容詞。如:
It's a bit cold.有點冷。
a bit of 后接不可數名詞。
如:
He has a bit of money.他有一點兒錢。
4.a little 表肯定意義,little 表否定意義;a few 表肯定意義,few 表否定意義。如:There is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一點兒汽水。
There is little soda in the glass.杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中國朋友。
Few people like him.幾乎沒有人喜歡他。
5.a little = a bit of, 后接不可數名詞;
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容詞,意為“有點兒”。
20)關于like的用法
like 可以作動詞,也可以作介詞。
1.like 作動詞,表示一般性的“愛好、喜歡”,有泛指的含義。如:
Do you like the color?你喜愛這種顏色嗎?
like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接動詞的-ing分詞(like doing sth),有時意思不盡相同。如: She likes eating apples.她喜愛吃蘋果。(習慣)
She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛吃一粒蘋果。(平常不喜歡吃)
like 與 would 連用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客氣的請求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶嗎?
“喜歡某人做某事”可以用結構“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。
如: They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。2.like 作介詞,可譯成“像......”。
如: She is friendly to us like a mother.她對我們友好,就像母親一樣。
It looks like an orange.它看起來像個桔子。
3、區分以下句子:
A.What does he look like? 為“他長相如何?”指一個人的外貌特征
B.What is he like? 譯為“他人怎么樣?”指人的性格特點。
C.The boy like Peter is over there.D.A boy like Peter can't do it.A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似。
如:
The book speaks of my hometown.那本書提到我的家鄉。
talk 意為“談話、講話”,如果只有一方對 21)stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth 1.stop to do sth 意為“停下來去做某事”。
如:
The students stop to listen to their teacher.學生們停下來去聽他們老師講話。
2.stop doing sth 意為“停止做某事”。
如:
The students stopped talking.學生們停止了談話。
與它們相反的句式是:go on to do sth “繼續做某事(與剛才一事不同)”和 go on doing sth “繼續做某事(與剛才同一件事)”。
如:
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.他完成了作業,接著繼續去念英語。
They went on playing games.他們繼續玩游戲。22)tell, speak, say 與 talk 1.tell 意為“告訴、講述”,指某人把某一件事、一條信息傳送給別人或講述一件事。如:
He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.他告訴我說他想成為一位教師。
Father always tells interesting stories to us.爸爸總是給我們講有趣的故事。
tell sb sth 意為“告知某人某事”。
如:
He told me something about his past.他告訴我一些他的往事。
tell sb to do sth 意為“告訴某人去做某事”。
如: David told his son to do the homework.大衛要他的兒子去做作業。
1.speak 意為“說話、講話”,后面主要接語言。
如:
He can speak English and a little Chinese.他能講英語和一點漢語。
2.speak to 意為“和.....講話、談話”。
如: Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和張先生講話嗎?
3.speak of 意為“提到、說起”。另一方說話時,一般用 talk to;如果雙方或多方交談,多用 with。如:
Please talk to him right now.請立即同他談話。
He is talking with his friend.他在和朋友交談。
talk about 意為“談論......”。如:
They are talking about the movie.他們在談論那部電影。
have a talk with 意為“與......交談”。
如: Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交談嗎?
4.say 意為“說”。
如:
Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英語再說一遍嗎?
say to 意為“對......說”。
如: He said to his students that they would have a test.他對他的學生說他們將有一個測試。
It is said that...意為“據說”。
如: It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.據說他能呆在水里很長時間。23)Excuse me!與 I'm sorry!
1.Excuse me!意為“打攪了!對不起!”,一般是為了與陌生人搭話,或者要打斷對方所說(做)的事。如:
Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?請問,附近有旅館嗎?
Excuse me, could I say something?打攪一下,我能說一些嗎?
2.I'm sorry!意為“對不起!”,表示道歉。如:
I'm sorry, Mr Zhang.I won't do it again.對不起,張先生。我不會這么做了。
表示時間的in, on 與 at 都可以和表示時間的詞(組)連用。
1.in 表示時間的一段或較長的時間。如:
in the morning 在上午
in May, 2004 在2004年五月
in a week 在一周之內(后)
2.on 主要指在具體的一天。如: on Sunday 在星期天
on May Day 在“五一”節
on a hot afternoon 在一個炎熱的下午
3.at 表示時間的一點或比較短的時間。如: at 8:00 在八點
at noon 在中午
25)Other及其用法
Other 及其相近的詞(組),如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等,一直是中學生朋友們比較困擾的問題,平常的考試、作業中經常出錯。下面是它們的一些用法:
1、other 指其余的人或物,所有格是 other's,復數形式是 others,the other 指“兩個人或物中的另一個”,其復數形式是 the others,others 相當于“other + 名詞”,所以不能充當定語,修飾名詞。others指整體中去掉一部分后剩余的部分,但不是全部的,即 some...others(一些...其余的人...)。the others 強調整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部,即some...the others.2、another 泛指三個以上的不定數目中的“另外一個”。由 an 和 other 合并構成,所以不能和冠詞連用。another 修飾單數名詞,比如:another pencil.3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,后面要用名詞的單數形式。26)look 短語
常見的look短語有以下這些: 1.look at 朝......看
Please look at the map of China.請看中國地圖。(look at=have a look at)2.look for 尋找
The old man is looking for his dog.老人在尋找他的狗。1.look like 看起來像
Nancy looks like her mother.南希看起來像她母親。2.look the same 看上去一樣
Li Ping and Li Jing look the same李萍和李晶看上去一樣。5.look up 查找
Please look up the word in the dictionary.請在詞典中查找這個單詞。6.look over 仔細檢查
The doctor looked over Mary carefully.醫生仔細檢查了瑪麗。7.look after 照顧,照看
You must look after your old father.你必須照顧你的老父親。8.look around 到處尋找、查看
We looked around, but we found nothing strange.我們四處查看,但是我們沒有發現奇怪的東西。27)too,also與either 1.too用于肯定句和疑問句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗號。如: We are in the same school, too.我們也在相同的學校。2.also用于肯定句和疑問句,一般位于實義動詞前、be動詞后。如:Sandra is also a Korean student.Sandra 也是一個韓國學生。3.either用于否定句,一般放在句末。
如: They don't know the answer, either.她們也不知道答案。4.as well as也有“也”的意思。
如:We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.He is a happy boy as well.28)hard與hardly 1.hard既可作形容詞,也可作副詞。
如: It's a hard(adj.)question.(=difficult)
這是一個難的問題。The boy studies very hard(adv.).那男孩學習非常努力。句子結構:It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事對某人來說是難的。如:It's hard for him to finish the work.完成那項工作對他來說很難。
注意區分:hard work 困難的工作
work hard 努力工作
2.hardly是頻度副詞,表示否定的意思。(=almost not)通常用在形容詞、副詞和動詞之前。如:I can hardly see it.我幾乎看不到它。
29)sometime,sometimes,some time與some times 1.sometime是時間副詞,指不確定的將來或過去某一點時間(某時候或任何時候),不指一段時間。如: We'll go to Beijing sometime next month.我們下個月某一時候會去北京。2.sometimes是頻度副詞,指“有時”、“不時”的意思(=at times)。
如:Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.有時候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。3.some time是名詞詞組,指一段時間(一些時間或若干時間)。
如:It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些時間去完成作業。4.some times指“幾次”。
如: He met the woman some times last month.上個月他見過那婦女幾次。30)exercise的一些用法
1.作不及物動詞,譯為“運動,鍛煉”。
如: David exercises every morning.大衛每天早晨進行鍛煉。1.作及物動詞,譯為“訓練”。
如:Swimming exercises the whole body.游泳能使身體得到全面的鍛煉。2.作名詞,譯為“體育鍛煉、運動、體操、練習題”等。
如:It's good to do eye exercises every day.每天做眼保鍵操對眼睛有好處。Please do more exercise from now on.從今以后請多做運動吧。
4.注意:exercise指具體運動或體操時是可數名詞,復數形式為exercises;泛指運動時是不可數名詞。31)maybe與may be 1.maybe是副詞,譯為“也許、可能”,相當于“perhaps”。
如:Maybe he can answer the question.也許他能回答那個問題。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。2.may be中的may為情態動詞,譯為“可能是......”。如:He may be from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。
32)same與different 1.same指“相同的”,前面通常要有一個定冠詞the,但是如果same前面已經有this,those等詞,就不能再與the連用了。
如:We are in the same class.我們在同一個班級。
結構:the same as 與......一樣
如: His mark is the same as mine.他的分數和我的分數一樣。2.different譯為“不同的”,其后的可數名詞應為復數形式 如:We are in different classes.我們在不同的班級。
結構:be different from 與......不同
如:This sweater is different from that one.這件毛衣與那一件不同。
different的名詞形式為difference, 復數形式為differences。33)動詞want的用法 1.want sth.想要某物
They want some help.他們需要一些幫助。2.want sb.to do sth.想要某人去做某事
My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父親要我在農場上幫他。3.want to do sth.想要做某事
I want to study English in England.我想要在英國學習英語。4.want doing 需要...Your sweater wants washing你的運動衣該洗了。34)be good(bad)for、be good at的相關用法
1.be good for 對......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操對你們的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅長于......Li Ping is good at basketball.= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅長于籃球。
be good at = do well in 如:
I'm good at math.= I do well in math我擅長于數學。
3.be good to 對......好
Parents are always good to their children.父母親總是對他們的孩子好。35)how many與how much 1.how many表示“多少”,對數量提問,后面接可數名詞的復數形式。如:There are four people in my family.---How many people are in your family? 你家里有幾個人?
We have seven classes every day.---How many classes do you have every day? 你們每天上幾節課? 2.how much也是表示“多少”,但它對不可數名詞進行提問。如:There is some milk in the bottle.---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶? 3.how much還可以對價格提問,表示“多少錢”的意思。如: The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黃色的T恤衫多少錢? 36)with的幾個用法
1.with表“和、同、與”。
如: Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公園嗎? 2.with表“用、以、被”。
如:Don't write with the red pen.不要用那支紅色的鋼筆寫字。3.with表“隨著”。
如: Climate varies with the time of the year.氣候隨著時令的不同而不同。4.with表“帶有、有......的”。
如: The girl with long hair is my classmate.長頭發的女孩是我的同學。5.with表“因為、由于”。
如:They were angry with hard work.他們因為艱難的工作而生氣。6..一些with結構:play with
與......一起玩
be angry with
對......生氣
talk with
與......交談
get on well with
與......相處融洽 37)a lot of(lots of)與many,much 1.a lot of意為“許多、大量”。相當于lots of。它既可以修飾可數名詞,又可以修飾不可數名詞。如:I have a lot of friends in China.我在中國有很多朋友。The old man has lots of money.那位老人有很多的錢。2.many意為“許多”。它用來修飾可數名詞。
如:Do you have many beautiful skirts?你有很多漂亮的裙子嗎? 3.much意為“大量”。它用來修飾不可數名詞。
如:There is much water in the lake.湖里有大量的水。
4.a lot of(=lots of)用在肯定句中,而many,much不受限制。如果將一個含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改為否定句或疑問句,要將它們改為many或much。如:We can see a lot of birds in the tree.---We can't see many birds in the tree.我們在樹上看不到很多鳥兒。He wants lots of soda.---Does he want much soda? 他需要許多汽水嗎?
38)help用法舉例
help既可以作名詞,也可以作動詞。1.help作名詞,意為“幫助”。
如:He needs some help.他需要一些幫助。2.help作動詞,也是“幫助”的意思。如:Can you help me? 你能幫幫我嗎? 3.help的結構: help sb(to)do sth
幫助某人做某事 =help sb with sth
幫助某人做某事
如:They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.他們想要幫助那位男孩搬那個重箱子。39)well的用法
well可以作副詞,也可以作形容詞。1.well作副詞,意為“(某事干得)好”。如:The boy draws very well.男孩畫得很好。2.well作形容詞,意為“健康、安好”。如:I'm not feeling well 我覺得不舒服。40)ago與before ago與before都表示“......以前”,但用法有所區別。
1.ago意為“以前”,表示從此刻算起的若干時間之前,常用于過去時的句子中。如: He took a photo a week ago.他一周前照了一張相片。2.before作為副詞時表示:
a.從過去某一時刻算起的若干時間以前,用于過去完成時的句子中。
如: The boy had already seen the comedy before.那男孩以前已經看過那部喜劇片了。
b.籠統的“以前”,用于一般過去時或現在完成時的句子中,一般單獨使用,而ago不可以單獨使用。如:He's read this novel before.他以前讀過這部小說。41)need的用法
1.need作實義動詞,意為“需要”。
如:Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里嗎? 2.need作情態動詞,一般用于對must的否定回答。如:---Must he leave now?
他必須離開嗎?
---No, he needn't.不,他不必。
3.區分:a.need作實義動詞。
b.need作情態動詞,一般不用于肯定句。42)decide的幾種句式
1.decide to do sth
決定去做某事
They decide to fly kite on weekend.他們決定在周末去放風箏。
2.decide on doing sth
決定做某事
They decide on flying kites.他們決定放風箏。
3.decide on sth
就某事決定......Betty decided on the red skirt.貝蒂選定了那條紅裙子。
2.decide的名詞形式為decision,結構:make a decision,意為“做決定” 如:He has made a decision.他已經做一個決定了。
43)too many,too much與much too 1.too many意為“太多”,用于修飾可數名詞的復數。
如: There are too many students in our class.我們班上有太多的學生。2.too much意為“太多”,用于修飾不可數名詞。
如:We have too much work to do.我們有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”,用來修飾形容詞或副詞。
如:The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了,所以我搬不動它。44)can的用法 1.表示能力。
如:We can carry the heavy box.我們可以搬得動箱子。Who can sing an English song?誰會唱英文歌?
2表示驚訝、不相信等態度,主要用于否定句和疑問句中。如:Can it be true?這會是真的嗎? You can't be serious? 你不會當真吧?3.表示允許,意思與may相近,主要用于口語中。如: Can I smoke here? 我可以在這兒吸煙嗎? Can I go with him?我可以跟他一起去嗎?
第四篇:八年級上冊英語(最新人教版)語法、短語和知識點總結
八年級上冊英語(2014年秋季版)語法、短語和知識點總結 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 本單元的話題:談論假期活動內容,復習一般過去時。
本單元的語法:1.復習一般過去時;2.學習不定代詞和不定副詞的用法。2.不定代詞和不定副詞的用法:
(1)左邊的some、any、every、no與右邊的body、one、thing構成不定代詞,some、any、every、no與右邊的疑問副詞where構成不定副詞;
(2)一般情況下以some開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于肯定句,以any開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于否定句、疑問句;以no開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞表示否定含義(no one為兩個單詞);
(3)不定代詞或不定副詞和形容詞連用時,形容詞放在后面。
He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容詞important放后)
Did you buy anything special?(一般疑問句用anything,形容詞special放后)Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上個月你去令人感興趣的地方了嗎?(一般疑問句用不定副詞anywhere,形容詞interesting放后)(4)不定代詞和不定副詞做主語時,后面的動詞用單數形式。Everone is here today.今天每個人都在這里。本單元的短語和知識點:
1.go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/進山
2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 3.study for tests為考試而學習備考 go out出去
4.quite a few相當多,不少(后跟可數名詞復數)take photos照相 most of the time大部分時間 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth為某人買某物 6.taste good.嘗起來很好 taste(嘗起來)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)為感官動詞,后跟形容詞
7.have a goodgreatfun time過得高興,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself)8.go shopping去購物 9.nothing…but+動詞原形:除了……之外什么都沒有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了讀書無事可做。10.seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像認識他。
seem+(to be)+形容詞:看起來…The work seems(to be)easy.這工作看起來很容易。11.keep a diary記日記
12.in+大地方:達到某地(get to +地方:達到某地)arrive at+小地方:達到某地(get的過去式為got)若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三個地點副詞,后面的介詞inatto必須去掉。Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚湯姆到家。13.decide to do sth:決定做某事 14.try doing sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事 15.feel like給…的感覺;感受到 16.in the past 在過去 walk around四處走走 enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事 difference(名詞,差異,差別)----different(形容詞,不同的)18.start doing sth:開始做某事(= start to do sth)
19.19.over an hour一個多小時(over超過,多余 = more than)
20.too many 太多,后接可數名詞復數。too much 太多,后跟不可數名詞,修飾動詞作狀語。much too 太,后跟形容詞或副詞,分辨三者的口訣: too much, much too, 用法區別看后頭:much 后接不可數,too 后修飾形或副。too many 要記住,后面名詞必復數。21.because of 因為,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞(即動詞+ing),不能接句子。
because因為,后跟句子。
He was late for school because of getting up late.他因為起晚而上學遲到。(get為動詞)= He was late for school because he got up late.22.enough(足夠的)與名詞連用,一般放在名詞前He has enough money.23.enough(足夠的)與形容詞或副詞連用,enough放在后面。He is old enough to go to school.24.doing sth.忘記已經做過某事(已經做完)
Forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(還未做)(forget的過去式為forgot)25.so+形容詞+that+句子:如此…以至于… too+形容詞+to do sth:太…以至于不能…
形容詞+enough to do sth:足夠…能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互換)He is so young that he can′t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.= He isn′t old enough to go to school.Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 本單元的話題:談論生活習慣,復習一般現在時。
本單元的語法:1.復習一般現在時;2.學習表示頻率副詞的用法。
主要頻率副詞的等級排序:always(總是)> usually(通常)> often(經常)> sometimes(有時)> hardly ever(很少)> never(從不)這些副詞在句子中的位置,一般放在助動詞、be動詞或情態動詞之后,行為動詞之前。即:“行”前“助(系)”后。Peter is always late for school.Peter上學總是遲到。I usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作業。提問 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞,用 How often I watch TV every day.我每天都看電視→How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?)本單元的短語和知識點:
1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看電影 help with housework幫助做家務 how often多久一次 hardly ever幾乎從不
2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周兩次 every day每天 use the Internet用互聯網
be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空嗎?
4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早點睡覺play sports進行體育活動 5.after school 放學后 6.want sth:需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新鋼筆。want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放學后他想去看電視。want sb to do sth:讓某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.媽媽讓我早起。7.be good for對……有好處 be bad for 對……有害處
8.play computer games打電子游戲 go camping去野營 9.ask sb about sth:問某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母經常問我的學習情況。10.in one’s spare time在某人業余時間He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13,2b)”數字+percent of+名詞”做主語時,后面的單詞取決于名詞的情況。若名詞為復數,后面的動詞用復數形式;若名詞為單數或不可數名詞,后面的動詞用單數形式。In our class ,twenty of students are boys.Thirty of water is dirty.12.not…at all:一點兒也不(not構成否定句)I don’t like the movie at all.13.go online上網=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名詞:…的答案 16.the(best)way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English.學習英語的最好方法是說英語.17.such as比如(后跟名詞或名詞短語)for example 例如(后跟句子)
He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜歡水果,例如蘋果、香蕉等。He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.19.more than(=over)超過,多余 go to the dentist去看牙醫
Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.本單元的話題:談論事物對比,學習形容詞比較級。
本單元的語法:學習形容詞比較級。(語法:見課本第113頁至115頁)本單元的短語和知識點:
1.play+the +樂器 play the drums打鼓 比較play +球類 play basketball打籃球
both…and…兩者都(后面的動詞用復數形式)Both Tom and Jim are students.3.be good at+名詞代詞V ing:擅長,在某方面做得好 7.be like:像… The books are like friends.書像朋友。
8.make friends(with sb):(和某人)交朋友 enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事 9.be different from與…不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟與我不一樣。10.help sb to(do)sth:幫助某人做某事
常與help sb with sth(在某方面幫助某人)互換 He often helps me(to)learn English.他經常幫助我學習英語。= He often helps me with my English.他經常在英語方面幫助我。help(to)do sth:幫助做某事He often helps(to)cook at home.他經常在家幫助做飯。13.be good with sb:與某人相處很好 14.information(n.消息,信息)不可數名詞 Unit 4 What's the best movie theater? 本單元的話題:談論事物對比,學習形容詞和副詞的最高級。本單元的語法:學習形容詞和副詞的最高級。
本單元的短語和知識點:
1.welcome to+地點:歡迎來到某地 Welcome to our school.歡迎來我校。2.What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認為...怎么樣? 3.watch sb do sth:看見某人做了某事(= see sb do sth)
4.比較級別 +and+比較級:越來越…(若比較級為more+形容詞原級,則為:more and more形容詞原級)The buildings are taller and taller.Our school is getting more and more beautiful.5.around the world全世界=all over the world, such as 例如
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? 本單元的話題:談論自己對天使節目或電影的喜好,學會表達自己的感受。本單元的語法:復習一般現在時。本單元的短語和知識點: 1.What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認為…怎么樣? What do you think of the movie?你認為這部電影怎么樣? It is boring.很無聊。
2.mind doing sth:介意做某事 3.news(不可數名詞,消息,信息)a piece of good news一條好消息 4.learn(sth)from sb:向某人學習(某物)5.plan to do sth:計劃做某事(plan的過去式planned,現在分詞planning)6.hope to do sth:希望做某事 8.favorite(形容詞,最喜愛的)= like…best
My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜歡的節目是談話節目。=I like talk shows best.9.expect to do sth:期待做某事 10.think of認為,想起He often thinks of his teachers.11.in the 1930s:在二十世紀三十年代(1930年至1939年)
10.12.one of +可數名詞復數:…之一(該短語放在句首做主語時,后面的動詞用單數形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.這些學生中一個人有英語字典。14.luck(名詞,幸運,運氣)—lucky(形容詞,幸運的)--unlucky(形容詞,不幸的)15.be ready to do sth樂意做某事 16.try one's best(to do sth):盡力(做某事)
Unit6 Im going to study computer science.本單元的話題:談論自己將來的計劃或打算。本單元的語法:學習一般將來時be going to do sth。本單元的短語和知識點:
1.詞性轉換:science(名詞,科學)—scientist(名詞,科學家)
violin(名詞,小提琴)--violinst(名詞,小提琴家)piano(名詞,鋼琴)--pianist(名詞,鋼琴家)2.grow up成長,長大 3.be good at+名詞代詞動詞+ing:擅長… He is good at math,but he isn’t good at speaking English.他擅長數學,但是不擅長說英語。4.keep on doing sth: 繼續做某事 5.be sure about:確信,對…有把握 His mother isn’t sure about his study.他的媽媽對他的學習沒有把握。
6.move to +地點:搬(家)到某地 7.take singingacting lessons上歌唱課上表演課=have singingacting lessons 8.send sb sth = send sth to sb寄送給某人某物 His grandfather often sends him money。= His grandfather often sends money to him.9.learn to do sth學會做某事
10.play the piano彈鋼琴 make the soccer team組建足球隊 get good grades取得好的成績 eat healthier food吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise進行大量鍛煉
11.foreign language外國語言 12.study hard努力學習most of the time大多數時間 14.get back from+地點:從…回來 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.at the beginning of 在…開始的時候, write down寫下/記下,17.different kinds of不同種類的 have to do with關于,與…有關系,take up開始從事 20.too+形容詞+to do sth:太…以至于不能… so+形容詞+that+句子:如此…以至于…
形容詞+enough to do sth:足夠…能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互相轉換)He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年輕以至于不能去上學。= He is too young to go to school.他太年輕了以至于不能去上學。
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.22.make sb+形容詞:讓某人怎么樣 The good news made us happy.(注意:news為不可數名詞)23.how to do better at school為“疑問詞+不定式”即“疑問詞+to do sth”
He didn’t know when to start.他不知道什么時候開始。24.go to university去上大學
Unit 7 Will people have robots? 本單元的話題:談論對未來的語言,學習一般將來時will do sth。本單元的語法:學習一般將來時will do sth。
一般將來時由“助動詞will / shall + 動詞原型”構成,表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示將來的時間狀語如tomorrow、next week,in 2 days(2天之后)等連用。(Shall用于第一人稱,will可以用于各種人稱。)(will not= won’t)一般疑問句:把肯定句中的will 提到句首即可。以上兩句的一般疑問句為: Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.No, we won’t.否定句:把肯定句中的will 變為won’t即可。以上兩句的否定句為: We won’t visit the old man next week.She won’t finish the work in 2 weeks.本單元的短語和知識點:
1.There be結構:There be(is/are/was/were)+某物/某人+某地/某時 “There be結構”的一般現在時:There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時 There are 600 students in our school.在我們學校有600個學生。
一般過去時:There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某時 There was a school ten years ago.一般將來時:There will be+某物/某人+某地/某時.= There is going to be+某物/某人+某地/某時.There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meeting next weeek.下周將有場運動會。2.on computers在電腦上, on paper在紙上 3.a few +可數名詞復數:有一些、有幾個 a little +不可數名詞:有一些
few +可數名詞復數:幾乎沒有(表示否定)little+不可數名詞:幾乎沒有(表示否定)
many+可數名詞復數:很多,許多 few 的比較級是fewer ,little的比較級是less much+不可數名詞:很多,許多 manymuch的比較級都是more There will be less polution in the future.在未來將會有更少的污染。(polution為不可數名詞)
We should plant more trees.我們應該種更多的樹。(tree為可數名詞)
There will be fewer cars in the future.在未來將會有更少的汽車。(car為可數名詞)4.in(great)danger在(極度)危險中on the earth在地球上save the earth拯救地球 6.in+一段時間:在…之后(多用于一般將來時)
He will come back in 2 days.兩天之后他將回來。→How soon will he come back?多久他將回來?
句型 There isare sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。There is a cat eating fish.10.hundreds of+名詞:成百上千的…,許多…(表示模糊數字)數字+ hundred +名詞:幾百…(表示具體數字)
He has hundreds of book.他有很多書。He bought two hundred books.他買了二百本書。12.at some point: 在某些方面 free time空閑時間 in one’s free time在某人空閑時間
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 本單元的話題:描述做事情的順序和過程。(First首先,Next下面,Then然后,Finally最后)本單元的語法:復習一般現在時。本單元的短語和知識點: 1(P57,1a)turn on打開 turn up調大
turn off關上 turn down調小 2.How many+可數名詞復數:多少…
How much+不可數名詞:多少…
He has eight books.他有八本書。→How many books does he have?他有多少本書? 3.量詞的用法:不可數名詞常用“數字+量詞+不可數名詞”來表示。如:
a piece of bread一片面包 比較:two pieces of bread兩片面包(bread為不可數名詞)a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁 one spoon of butter 一勺黃油
5.one more thing = another one thing 基數詞 + more + 名詞 = another + 基數詞 + 名詞:又多少某物 He ate an apple,he wanted to eat two more apples.7.It’s time(for sb)to do sth是某人該做某事的時間了。It’s time for us to have lunch.It’s time for sth是該做某事的時間了。It’s time for the class.是該上課的時候了。Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 本單元的話題:學會發出、接受或拒絕邀請。本單元的語法:復習情態動詞。本單元的短語和知識點:
1.on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午,在具體哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on, 2.have to 必須(后跟動詞原形)He has to get up early.他必須早起。→(一般疑問句)Does he get up early? Yes,he does.No,he doesn’t.(否定句)He doesn’t have to get up early.他沒有必要早起。4.sth=want sth 想要某物 Jim would like a new pen.Would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事 He’d like to watch TV.Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做...?(用來提出建議或征求對方意見)------would you like to go shopping with me ? 你想和我一起去買東西嗎?
------Yes,I’d love to,but I’m doing my homework.我想去,但是我現在正在做家庭作業。(=Sorry, I’m doing my homework.非常抱歉,我正在做家庭作業。)5.prepare for sth為…做準備 go to the doctor去看病have the flu 患流感help my parents給父母幫忙 have an exam考試
6.until 的用法:<1>若動詞為延續性動詞則用肯定句式 He studied until 21:00pm.他一直學習到晚上九點。
<2>若動詞為非延續性動詞,則用not….until….(直到。。才。。)He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.他一直到他爸爸回來才上床睡覺。10.study for a math test為數學考試做準備go to the party參加聚會 11.What’s today?今天幾號?Its Monday,the 14th.今天星期一,十四號。補充:what day is it today?今天星期幾? it’s Monday今天星期一。
What’s the date today?今天幾月幾日?It’s October 20th.今天10月20日。12.go to the doctor去看病 have a piano lesson上鋼琴課 13.look after 照看,照料 = take care of She is old to look after his brother她足夠大了能夠照看她的弟弟。take good care of =look after…well好好照顧,好好照料
We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children well.感嘆句的類型:
⑴ What a∕an+adj+可數名詞單數(+主語+謂語)!What +adj+可數名詞復數∕不可數名詞(+主語+謂語)!
What a fine day(it is)!多么好的天啊!(day為可數名詞單數)
What an interesting book it is!多么有趣的一本書啊!(book為可數名詞單數)What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊!(flowers為可數名詞復數)What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天氣啊!(weather為不可數名詞)
⑵ How +adj +主語+(謂語中的)系動詞!How +adv +主語+(謂語中的)實義動詞!How happy I am!我多麼高興啊!(happy為adj,am為系動詞)
How hard they are working!他們工作多么努力啊!(hard為adv,work為實義動詞)點撥:陳述句改為感嘆句,可以采用“一判、二定、三移”。一判:是判斷出陳述句謂語動詞后的中心詞的詞性(adj∕adv∕n);
二定:是根據判斷出來的結果來確定引導詞(中心詞為名詞用What;中心詞為形容詞或副詞用How;)
三移:就是把主語和謂語移到后面。
注意:在感嘆句中,不得出現so,very,very much等表示程度的單詞。
例如:①Our school is beautiful.一判:beautiful為形容詞;二定:beautiful為形容詞,用How 來引導;三移:把Our school is移到How beautiful后面,即為感嘆句How beautiful our school is!②He is a clever boy.一判:boy為名詞;二定:boy為名詞,用What來引導;三移:把He is移到What a clever boy 后面,即為感嘆句What a clever boy he is!③He studies English well.一判:well為副詞;二定:well為副詞,用How 來引導;三移:把He studies移到How well后面,即為感嘆句How well he studies!練習:將下列句子變為感嘆句。①The room is very bright.② We live a happy life today.③It is a nice present.④This is difficult problem.⑤She played the piano wonderfully.16.)the(best)way to do sth:做某事的(最好)方法 17.thanks for+名詞V?ing:為什么而感謝 18.take a trip參加郊游,at the end of this month在本月底
19.go back to+地點:回到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.兩天后他將回北京。20.have a surprise party for sb為某人舉辦一個驚喜的晚會
21.without+名詞代詞 V?ing:沒有… He can’t finish the work without our help.(help為名詞)
He went to school without having breakfast.他沒有吃早飯就去上學。(have為動詞)24.look forward to +名詞代詞V.ing:期待,盼望
25.hear from sb.收到某人的來信 = receive a letter from sb.27.the opening of… :開幕/開業 28.在具體哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比較: in the morning在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天的早晨 29.invite sb to +地點:邀請某人去某地(invite--invitation)invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
31.reply to sth / sb:回答某事/回答某人 go shopping 購物,do homework做家庭作業
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!本單元的話題:談論事情可能的結果。
本單元的語法:在條件狀語從句中,用一般現在時表示將來——即主將從現。If you go to the party, we will have a great time 從句(一般現在時)(主句一般將來時)解釋:在條件狀語從句,時間狀語從句中,若主句用一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時表示將來-------簡稱主將從現
If it is fine tomorrow,I’ll visit shanghai
區分:賓語從句若主句為一般現在時,從句可以根據需要用任何時態 I think I”ll finish the work in 2 days.我認為我在兩天內將完成這項工作。主句(一般現在時)賓語從句
填空:I think she(come)here tomorrow.If he(come)here,I(call)you.本單元的短語和知識點:
1.have a great /good time 玩的開心 stay at home呆在家里take the bus乘公交車,go to the party參加晚會 tomorrow night明天晚上 talk about sth談論某事 have a class party開班級晚會 have a class meeting 開班會
6.plan to do sth計劃做某They are planning to go shopping.他們正在計劃購物。7.(P74,2b)half the class 全班一半人,make some food 做食物
8.ask sb.to do sth 請某人做某事My parents often ask me to study hard.ask sb.not to do sth 請某人不要做某事 My techer often asks us not to be late.10.too+形容詞+to do sth:太…以至于不能… so+形容詞+that+句子:如此…以至于…
形容詞+enough to do sth:足夠…能夠做某事(注意三個句型常常可以互換轉換)He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年輕以至于不能去上學。= He is too young to go to school.他太年輕了以至于不能去上學。= He isn′t old enough to go to school.11.tell sb.to do sth 高速某人做某事 tell sb.not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事 12.give sb some advice給某人建議/勸告(adivce為不可數名詞)13.travel around the world 周游世界, go to college 上大學,make(a lot of)money 掙錢, get an education接受教育,14.)work hard 努力工作,a soccer player 一個足球運動員 15.talk to sb.與某人談話,keep…to oneself 把…留給自己/獨處
16.have problems with sth:在某方面有困難 have problems(in)doing sth:做方面有困難(2個句型常常可以互換)
She has problems with English.她在學習英語方面有困難。= She has problems(in)learning English.她學習英語有困難。
17.unless=if…not如果…不 Unless it is sunny tomorrow,I won’t go shopping.=If it isn’t sunny tomorrow,I won’t go shopping.18.be afraid to do sth:不敢做某事be afraid of sth:害怕某物
19.21.be angry with sb生某人的氣He is angry with his son.他在生他兒子的氣。be angry aboutat sth 因某事而生氣He is angry aboutat his work.他因為工作生氣。22.make mistakes犯錯誤 23.remember to do sth記著去做某事(事情還未做)remember doing sth記著已經做過某事(事情做完,但是還記著)
Please remember to close the door when you leave.當你離開的時候記著關上門。(門還未關).He remembered closing the door.他記著已經關上門了。(門已經關上)24.advise sb to do sth勸說某人做某事 advise sb doing建議提議做某事。25.It’s best(not)to do sth.最好(不要)做某事 solve a problem解決難題
26.run away from逃避Don’t run away from your problems.solve a problem解決難題 30.agree with sb:同意某人(的看法、意見、觀點等)31.worry about 擔心 =be worried about
第五篇:八年級上冊英語語法《形容詞的比較級和最高級》知識點
形容詞的比較級和最高級
一、比較級的定義:大多數的形容詞都有三個級別:原級、比較級、最高級。其中比較級表示“更……”,用于兩者之間的比較,用來說明“前者比后者更……”,比較級前面一般用much, even, a little修飾,其中even, much 只能修飾比較級。
二、比較級的構成:
(1)規則變化:
①單音節和部分雙音節的形容詞一般在詞尾加-er
Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
②以字母e結尾的直接在詞尾加-r
Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
③以“輔音+y 結尾的詞,變y為 i,再加-er”
Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
④以重讀閉音節的單個輔音字母結尾的詞,雙寫輔音字母,再加-er
Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
⑤多音節或部分雙音節的形容詞在原級前面加more
Eg: popular---more popular important---more important
(2)不規則變化:
少數形容詞的比較級變化是不規則的:good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---more little---less far---farther/further old---older/elder
三、比較級的用法:
(一)當兩個人或事物(A和B)進行比較時,我們需要用到形容詞(副詞)的原級或者比較級
1.表達“A和B一樣”,用as…as的結構。
公式: A+be動詞+as+形容詞原級+as…+B
A+實義動詞+as+副詞原級+as…+B
Eg:I am as tall as you.我和你一樣高。
He runs as fast as I.他跑得和我一樣快。
2.表達“A不如B”用not as…as的結構。
公式: A+be動詞的否定形式+as+形容詞原級+as…+B
A+助詞的否定形式+動詞+as+形容詞原級+as…+B
Eg:I am not as tall as you.我沒有你高。
He doesn’t run as fast as I.他沒有我跑得快。
3.表達“A大于B”用“比較級+than”的結構。
公式: A+be動詞+形容詞比較級+than+B…
A+實義動詞+副詞比較級+than+B…
Eg:I am taller than you.我比你高。
He runs faster than I.他跑得比我快。
(二)關于形容詞、副詞比較級的更多用法
1.比較級前面可以加上表示“優劣程度”的詞或短語,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。常見詞有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。
Eg:He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一點點。
想一想,這些詞能修飾形容詞或副詞的原級嗎?
2.比較級前面可以加上表示具體數量差別的結構,表示具體“大多少”,“小多少”,“長多少”,“短多少”等。
Eg:I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.3.“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。
It is getting warmer and warmer.天氣越來越暖和。
He is running faster and faster.他跑得越來越快。
0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們祖國越來越美了。
4.“the more…,the more…”表示“越……,就越……”,The more,the better.多多益善。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越細心,犯錯就越少。
5.“the more…of the two…”表示“兩個當中較。。的一個”
The taller of the two boys is my brother.四、當三個或三個以上的人或事物進行比較時,我們需要用到形容詞(副詞)的最高級
1.表達“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容詞(副詞)的最高級”的結構。后面可以加上表示范圍的介詞短語或從句。
公式:主語+be動詞+the +形容詞最高級+(名詞)+表示范圍的介詞短語或從句
主語+實義動詞+(the)+形容詞最高級+表示范圍的介詞短語或從句
Eg:He is the tallest(student)in our class.He jumps the highest of the three boys.This is the best book that I have ever read.2.表示“最…的…中一個”,用“one of +the +最高級+復數名詞”的結構來表達。
Eg:He is one of the best students in our class.他是我們班最好的學生之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.這是花園里最漂亮的
花之。
注意:(一)形容詞的最高級前面有定冠詞the , 而副詞的最高級前面定冠詞the可以省略。但在形容詞最高級前有物主代詞時,不能要定冠詞the.(二)常見的用來表示范圍的介詞有in, of, among
五、運用形容詞、副詞比較級應當注意的問題:
(一)、按語法規則,than后面的人稱代詞應當用主格,但口語當中有時會用賓格代替主格。
Eg:He is more careful than I(me).(二)、只有同類的事物才能比較
Eg:Her bag is bigger than mine.不能說 Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.不能說The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.本文由
索羅學院
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